НЕЗАВИСИМАЯ ЕВРЕЙСКАЯ ГАЗЕТА В ГРУЗИИ 21-22...

ikiTxeT gazeT `menoras~ eleqtronuli versia veb misamarTze WWW.MENORA.GE
21-22 seqtemberi roS haSana-
mravals daeswariT!
2 m e n o r a seqtemberi (eluli) 9, 2017 w.
rabi bencion zilberisa da rabi uri kaluJ- nis statiebis mixedviT
zeciuri kurTxebis damsaxurebisaTvis saWiro martivi xerxi. martivia ki? satana roS haSanaSi
roS haSanaSi gam-nma samyaros qmnadoba daasrula. roS haSanas meeqvse dRe daemTxva, dRe, rodesac gam-nma adamiani Seqmna. roS haSana samyaros yvela binadris sasamarTlos dRea(dResaswaulis ori dRe erT mTlian dRed iTvleba da amitomac vxmarobT – dRes). am dRes ganisazRvreba, Tu ra moxdeba mTels samyaroSi da TiToeuli adamianis cxovrebaSi mTeli wlis manZilze.
ratom asamarTlebs gam-ni samyaros swored am dRes? jer erTi, swored am dRes Seqmna adamiani da gamefda samyaroze. meorec, imitom, rom am dRes pirvelma adamianma Sescoda, gam- nis sasamarTlos winaSe warsdga, moinania da apaties. mas Semdeg aseTi ram adamianebisaT- vis yovel weliwads meordeba: am dRes isini sasamarTlos winaSe warsdgebian, inanieben da patiebas Rebuloben.
monanieba upirveles yovlisa niSnavs sa- kuTari Tavis sxva kuTxiT danaxvas, imis Se- fasebasa da gansazRvras, Tu Cveni romeli saqcieli da Tviseba saWiroebs Secvlas. mo- naniebis garda, aris kidev raRac, rac zeciur sasamarTlos CvenTvis sasiamovno gadaw- yvetilebis miRebisaken gadaxris(ra Tqma unda, es ar cvlis imis gamosworebas, rac TiToeulma Cvenganma unda gamoasworos). A
rabi xaim SmuleviCs, kurTxeulia wmindanis xsovna, gemaridan “roS haSana” moyavda ravas gamonaTqvami imis Sesaxeb, rom adamianis erT- erTi Tviseba, romelic mas exmareba umaR- lesi sasamarTlos warmatebiT gavlaSi – aris mwyenineblis patiebis unari: mas, vinc sxvas wyenas patiobs, gam-ni patiebs codvas. an, rogorc raSi ambobs, “midaT hadin” – Tvise- ba, sasamarTlos principi – Tvals aridebs, Tvals xuWavs im adamianisTvis, vinc sxvas patiobs.
gemaras mohyavs rabi hunas, rabi iehoSuas vaJisa da misi megobris rabi papas epizodi.
rabi huna mZime avadmyofi iyo. rabi papa mis sanaxavad mivida da dainaxa, rom avadyofi Za- lian cudad iyo: “moumzadeT mas gzisTvis sagzali (anu sabani dasamarxad)” – uTxra man msaxurebs.
aseTi mdgomareobis miuxedavad, rabi huna gamojanmrTelda. rabi papas Zalian rcx- venoda aseTi swrafi daskvnis gamotanis gamo da ver midioda megobarTan. rodesac isini mainc Sexvdnen erTmaneTs, rabi papam hkiTxa: “ra naxe?” “ki, namdvilad iyo gamotanili Cemi sikvdilis ganaCeni – upasuxa rabi human – magram, Semdeg iTqva: is yovelTvis patiobda, vapatioT masac”
es saSiSi moTxrobaa – adamiani ukve sikvdils TvalebSi uyurebda. magram apaties, imitom, rtom patieba SeeZlo.
Toris kviris sakiTxav Tavze “ree” saubrisas aRvniSneT, rom mowyalebis Tviseba, unari Secodebisa da TanagrZnobisa adamianis zeciur TanagrZnobasa da Secodebas uzrun- velyofs. es Tviseba axlosaa patiebis unar- Tan, magram, misi identuri araa. magram orive SemTxvevaSi principi erTnairad moqmedebs: mas, visac ecodeba, zecaSic icodeben; mas, vinc patiobs, zecaSic patioben;
TiTqosda araa rTuli gza zecis keTilganw- yobis dasamsaxureblad, magram marTla ase ad- vilia? “gemrieli naWeria, - ganagrZobs gemara – magram masSi ekalicaa”. anu – ase ubralod, winaaRmdegobis gareSe ver datkbebi amiT. ra- Sia garTuleba? imaSi, rom sasamarTlo patie- baze patiebiT maSin pasuxobs, Tu adamiani sx- vis wyenas TavmdablobiT patiobs.
ismis kiTxva: kidev ra mizezis gamo SeiZleba wyenis patieba? rogor ggoniaT? dafiqrdiT...
aseT mizezad siamaye SeiZleba dasaxeldes. adamians SeuZlia apatios wyena raRac am- dagvaris SegrZnebiT: “Zalze mniSvnelovani adamiani var imisaTvis, rom yuradReba mivaq- cio viRacis gamoxtomebs. sul erTi araa, vin ras laybobs Cemze. aman ar unda gamaRizianos. me amaze maRla vdgavar”.
Tavmdablobis TemasTan dakavSrebiT gemaras “sanhedrini” rabi elazaris aseTi ga- moTqma moyavs: “iyavi sibneleSi (anu Crdil- Si geWiros Tavi), da gadarCebi”. rabi zeira eTanxmeba am azrs: “es bnel oTaxSi arsebul keTrze(Tanamedrove keTrisagan gansxvavebuli ramaa) saubridanac gamomdinareobs” - amt- kicebs is.
imisaTvis, rom gavigoT rabi zeiras argu- menti, unda vicodeT, rom sakuTari saxlis kedlebze gansakuTrebuli laqebis SemCnevis SemTxvevaSi, rasac ToraSi keTrs uwodeben da rac saxls auwmindurebs, adamianma qoens unda mimarTos. is daaTvalierebs saxls (mzis sinaTleze da dRis gansazRvrul dros) da gamoacxadebs (an ar gamoacxadebs) saxls uw- mindurad. axla ki warmoidgineT ufanjrebo Senoba. rogor SeiZleba misi daTvaliereba Signidan keTris dadgenis mizniT? “bnel ufan- jro saxls ar aReben keTrisaTvis”, ambobs miSna. swored amas gulisxmobda rav zeira, rodesac miSna axsena. adamiani, romelic ar iCens Tavs, ar cdilobs,rom sxvebma SeamCnion, Tavi uWiravs mdablad, ar ganisjeba mkacri sasamarTloTi, gulisxmobda is. es igivea, rac sxva sityvebiT Tqva rabi elazarma: iyavi CrdilSi da gadarCebi.
swored ase iqceoda Cveni drois erT-erTi udidesi avtoriteti xazon iSi. erec israel- Si Casvlamde, sadac misi saxeli cnobili gaxda, anu 54 wlamde, masze praqtikulad aravin araferi icoda. mis Sesaxeb icoda, mxolod vilnoelma rabma rabi xaim-eizer groZinskim. xazon iSi Tavis daweril wignebs avtoris saxelis gareSe gamoscemda da sxva adamianebis meSveobiT yidda. daaxloebiT aseve iqceoda xafec xaimic, romelic yidda ra Tavis wignebs, ambobda, rom “avtoris gamogzavnilia”. didi albaTobaa imisa, rom swored es daexmara maT sulier amaRlebaSi.
axla ganvmartoT, Tu ra aris Tavmdabloba? Tora ar uWers mxars mcdar warmodgenas, sa- kuTari codnisa da mcnebebis Sesrulebis donis Semcirebas. adamianma sworad unda Sea- fasos Tavisi done. es misTvis aucilebelia, raTa icodes Tavisi movaleobebi (isini ki dones Seesabamebian), raTa esmodes, SeuZlia Tu ara avtoritetTa azrze kamaTi maSin, Tu ar eTanxmeba maT da a.S. Tavmdabloba araa re- aluri Rirsebis uaryofa, es aris imis gaaz- reba, rom “vakeTeb imas, rasac unda vakeTebde rogorc SemiZlia maqsimaurad kargad, magram me amisaTvis aravisgan araferi mekuTvnis. pativi da qeba-dideba – CemTvis araa”.
maS ase, mas, vinc siamayiT patiobs, patiebis unari ar exmareba umaRles sasamarTlos wi- naSe. mas ki, vinc TavmdablobiT patiobs, patioben. garda imisa, rom Tavmdabloba Ta-
visTavad kargi Tvisebaa, is gam-nis winaSe wardgomisasac gvexmareba.
rogorc viciT, roS haSanis wina SabaTs TiSres Tves ar akurTxeben imisaTvis, rom satana moatyuon. aris aseTi boroti angelozi, romelTanac yovelTvis vomobT da amis apogea roS haSanaa. am dRes xom umaRles sasamarT- loze adamianis bedi wydeba mTeli wlis man- Zilze. am dRes elis satanic, mas yovel Cven- ganze sqeli saqaRalde aqvs gamzadebuli, sadac Cveni codvebi, cdomilebebi, nakli da susti mxareebi aqvs Cawerili. mas surs Cveni prokuroroba imisaTvis, rom samarTliani ganaCeni gamogvitanon. Cven ki misi gacureba gvsurs. winaswar ar vacxadebT, Tu ra dRes modis roS haSana. xolo, roca es dRe dgeba, ebraelebi sinagogaSi ikribebian salocavad da satanac awrialdeba. magram misi sasamarT- loSi misvlamde Sofaric aJRerdeba – es mas Zalian SeaSinebs. mas xom eSinia im dRisa, roca maSiaxi mobrZandeba, Sofari daukravs da borotebac nisliviT gaqreba. sManam satani gons moegeba, sasamarTloc dasruldeba da Cven, ra Tqma unda, wmindad da yovelive sik- eTis damsaxurebis Rirsad CagvTvlian.
lamazad naTqvamia ara? magram raciona- lurad moazrovne adamiani dasvams kiTxvas: rogoraa, rom satanam ar icis rodisaa roS haSana? es kargi kiTxvaa da pasuxis gasacemad dagvWirdeba drois bunebisa da materialuri samyarosa, sadac Cven vimyofebiT, da sulieri samyaroebis urTierTqmedebaze Rrma analizis gakeTeba. Cemi megobrebi mimtkiceben, rom sulier samyaroebSi “dro” ar arsebobs. mec gamaxsenda maxasgan, rom “dro – materiis arsebobis formaa”. cnobilia, rom es filoso- fiuri azri gaxda einSteinis fardobiTobis Teoriis sawyisi wertili. magram, udavoa, rom sulier samyaroebSi mravali ramaa damokidebuli droze. umaRlesi sasamarTlo, mag- aliTad, mxolod roS haSanaSia; codvilebi jojoxeTSi mxolod SabaTs isveneben... amas aseTi axsna aqvs: dro, marTlac materialuri samyarosTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. magram, arsebobs arxi, romlis meSveobiTac Cveni materialuri samyaro gavlenas axdens sulier samyaroebze. am arxis saxelia – adamiani. Cveni samyaro – qmedebis samyaroa. sxvadasxva qmedebisas: gamCenis mcnebebis Sesrulebisas, an piriqiT, codvis Cadenisas, keTili an boroti saqcielis Cadenisas, keTilsa da borots Soris arCevanis gakeTebisas – adamiani gavlenas axdens ara marto sakuTar Tavze da mis garSemo arsebul samyaroze. misi gavlena vr- celdeba miriad sulier samyaroze, is badebs an klavs angelozebs, aSenebs an angrevs...
sulier samyaroebSi ar arsebobs aranairi Sinagani mizezi imisa, rom daiwyos axali dRe, movides SabaTi, dadges axali weli. mxolod Cvens qcevebs – dilis locvas, kiduSs, sadRe- saswaulo trapezebs – SeaqvT iq drois moZ- raoba. amitom, roS haS anis faqtiur dRemde an roS haS anis gamocxadebis dRemde am ange- lozs –satanas ar SeuZlia imis codna, Tu ras moitans axali dRe.
amgvarad, adamians Zalian mniSvnelovani misia akisria – gaaerTianos sakuTari Ta- viT samyaroTa mTeli sistema da waiyvanos is gam-niseuli miznisaken. swored imaze, Rir- sia Tu ara TiToeuli Cvengani aseTi mniS- vnelovani Tanamdebobisa, asamarTleben roS haSanaSi. da Tu adamiani imsaxurebs mTavars, maSin yvelaferi sxva – janmrTeloba, fuli, warmateba – SeiZleba miiRos amisaTvis saWiro zomiT.
ariel levini
roS haSana
3m e n o r aseqtemberi (eluli) 9, 2017 w.
120 wlis winaT
1897 wlis agvistoSi SveicariaSi, qalaq bazelSi, qalaqis kazinos sakoncerto darbazSi Seikriba ebraelTa mozrdili jgufi _ 17 saxelmwifodan Camosuli 200 adamiani _ yvelaze meti _ meoTxedi ru- seTis imperiidan.
Catarda sionistTa pirveli kongresi. Teodor herclis sul raRac 63 gverdiani wigni ,,ebraelTa saxelmwifo“ weliwadnax- evris gamosuli gaxldaT da ukve evropis ebraelobis samagido wigni gamxdariyo. wignSi saubari iyo imaze, Tu rogor unda aRdgeniliyo ebraelTa kera _ saxelmwifo.
kongresis damTavrebidan sami dRis Semdeg Teodor herclma Tavis dRiurSi Cawera: `bazelSi me Camovayalibe israelis saxelmwifo. es rom saqveynod meTqva, damcinebdnen,magram xuTi Tu ara, 50 wlis Sem- deg es faqti sayovelTao gaxdeba“
50 wlisa da sami Tvis Semdeg gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam mi- iRo gadawyvetileba palestinis teritoriaze ebraelTa saxelmwifos Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
neTaniahusa da putinis Sexvedra
agvistos bolo dReebSi israelis premier-ministri siWSi Cavida ruseTis prezidentTan vladimer putinTan Sesaxvedrad. ne- Taniahum putins auwya Tu raoden saxifaToa iranis samxedro Zalebis Tav- moyra siriis teritoriaze. israelis premieris azriT, iranis samxedro Zalebis Tavmoyra siriaSi adasturebs àgresias, romelic ar Semcirda birT- vul sakiTxebze xelmoweris Semdegac ki da es problemas uqmnis ara mxolod israels, axlo aRmosavleTis saxelmwifoebs da mTel msoflios. neTaniahum putins auwya, rom iranma SesaZloa miiTvisos ìslamuri saxelmwifos“ mebrZolebisagan ganTavisuflebuli siriis teritoria da miitacos erayisa da iemenis zogierTi raioni.

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daTo maRraZe
lexaim! vuZRvni daniel ozs
lexaim, xaim, xaim, lexaim! mudam rbeva da Zebna saSvelis... sikvdilis banaks erqva ,,daxau“ da kedels ecxo sisxli qaSeris.
qusli quslze da mWaxe - zig hail! da win, sivrceSi gaCrili xeli, Zveli aRTqmidan mova mixail, rom dagiamos Wriloba Zveli.
kiTxva da zedve gineba jiSis, - vis gadaarCen? mokled, xana an sara - bavSvebis TvalebSi SiSi, o, ra Sors iyav maSin, qanaan!
da ecxo kedels sisxli qaSeris da grZnobdi aRTqmul miwis siSores me ki am leqsSi misTvis davSveri, rom Tvalze cremli ver moviSore.
iyo SekveTa: - ufro sastikad! jildovdeboda usastikesi da samklavurze sCanda svastika, svastikaTagan usastikesi.
antisemitis vaqciniT acris beladi masebs, xotbad mamulis, epoqa iyo xan ufro mkacri, xan cota vege-tari-anuli.
kiTxva da zedve gineba jiSis, - vis irCev? mokled gviTxar, xana an sara! - bavSvebis TvalebSi SiSi ...ra Sors iyavi maSin, qanaan!
joxiT huria Semodga beqobs da egviptelebs daudga Sou mere armstrongis gaisma eqo: - Let my people go!
sad daikarga TeTri batkani da varskvlavebis caze TareSi, mowydeba albaT erTi maTgani da Securdeba iordaneSi.
ikiTxavs mwyemsi:
caze is ra el- varebs, an risi aris niSani? gza udabnoze gadis, israel, zemoT caa da qvemoT qviSani.
miswvda udabnos wyali da Toxi da zeiTunis moCans nayofi. axla scenidan qadagebs joxi,- naTeli wyalis orad gamyofi.
aRTqmul miwisken mivyavarT moses, gzadagza vwrupav qaSeris Rvinos, sadiriJoro pultTan dgas mose: - mcneba pirveli la bemol minor!
mixeil mirilaSvili: dadga Jami Tavisi mivagoT antisemitebs!
londonSi gamarTul msoflios ebraelTa kongresis aRmaskomis sxdomaze, romelic globaluri antisemitizmis sakiTxebs mieZ- Rvna, sityvebi warmosTqves kongresis prezidentma roland lauderma, aRmasrulebelma vice-prezidentma robert zingerma, gamgeo- bis Tavmjdomarem devid de rotSildma, xa- zinadarma safra Celam. aRmaskomis sxdomaze gamovida evraziis ebraelTa kongresis axla- daeCeuli prezidenti mixeil mirilaSvili.
mixeil mirilaSvilma Tavis gamosvlaSi xazi gausva imas, rom ,,ebrauli faseulobani da ebraeli xalxis memkvidreoba unikaluria, evraziis kontinentze rusulenovani diaspora am faseulobaTa umdidresi wyaroa, Cveni winaprebi sxvaTa fonze yovelTvis gamoirCe- odnen ganaTlebis, aRmoCenebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa dawinaparTa moRvawe- obis SeswavliT. eWvsgareSea, rom axlandeli Taoba erTob niWieria, magram Tu mtkiced ar iqna daculi istoriul erovnuli Rirebulebani, Cveni eris suliereba, arsebobs saimiso safrTxe,rom daikargos ebrauli sawyisi Cveni sulisa. am fonze Cveni mizani unda iyos is saZirkveli uromlisodac Cveni xalxi dRemde ver SeinarCunebda unikalurobas da uromlisodac rusulenovani diaspora ver iqneboda ebrauli kulturuli memkvidreobis mdidari wyaro.
Seexo ra terorisa da antisemitizmis Temas evraziis ebraelTa kongresis prezidentma aRniSna: _16 wlis winaT, swored seqtemberSi, moxda kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze saSineli teroris-
tuli aqti. zustad 16 wlis winaT Cven vfiqrobdiT, rom samyaro Seicvala, gons movida da gaacnobiera, rom terorizms sazRvrebi ara aqvs. samwuxarod, im dRis Semdeg teroristuli aqtebi ar Semwydara_ iqneba es baSar asadi, Tu islamuri saxelmwifo, sisxlisRvras ganagrZoben. gaeroSi ki miuxedavad amisa, israelis ganmaqiqebeli rezoluciebis mTa dadga, g acilebiT didi mTa, vidre msoflios yvela saxelmwifos ganmaqiqebeli rezoluciebisa erTad aRebuli. ra aris es Tu ara antisemitizmis gamovlineba? saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba rodis aRmoaCens, rom axlo aRmosavleTSi israeli aris demokratiis erTaderTi dasayrdeni da avanposti civiluri samyaros mSvidobisaTvis brZolisa.
dadga dro winaaRmdegobisa, movida dro pasuxi gavceT antisemitebs!
gigla xuxaSvili - ras Sobi, gigla, rogora xar, ra ari axali?! - aba, rogor viqnebi oTxkedelSi moqceuli, axali Sen unda miTxra, qveyanaze,
mweralTa kavSirSi ra xdeba? - bolo wlebSi sevdisSemomyreli SekiTxvebiT iwye- boda Cemi saubari daudgroml gigla xuxaSvilTan.
Ddaberda, fizikurad dauZlurda, goneba ki erTi wamiTac ar dabindvia - See- Zlo saaTobiT elaparakna poeziaze, Teatrze. uyvarda mwerlobaze saubari da saubrobda kidec. misi mWermetyveleba Zalian bevr oqropirsac SeSurdeboda. rogorc ki igrZnobdnen miseul mWermetyvelebas ver Seswvdebodnen, verc misebr literaturul gemovnebas gamoavlendnen, cinikur frazas Caugdebdnen. giglas ki arc cinizmi SeeZlo da arc - uxeSoba, amgvar adamianebTan balRiviT umweo iyo - TvalebSi sevdaCamdgari (Svilis dakargvis Semdeg ki mis TvalebSi ebraulma sevdam samudamod daivana) gabutuli bavSviviT gaCumdeboda. es imitom, rom igi poeti iyo da meti araferi. es `meti araferi~ ki is ari, rasac poeziasTan ara-ra kavSiri ara aqvs, cxovrebisaTvis ki esoden aucilebel, did iaraRad qceula. am `meti araf- riT~ bevri gagaswrebs, bevri gZlevs da Tavis bambasac aaCxrialebs.
man qarTul dramaturgiasac dasdo amagi, qarTul literaturul, Tu Teat- ralur kritikasac da poeziasac, magram piesas werda, kritikul werils, Tu tri- bunaze idga, yvelgan poeti iyo.
erT-erT werilSi `Cveni rabi~ vuwode, ara mxolod imitom, rom nebsiT Tu un- eblied, Cemi da Cemze umcrosi Taobis qarTveli ebraeli mwerlebis saniSne sve- tis funqcia Seasrula, aramed imitom, rom am relgiisagan erTob Sorsmdgom kacs (magram arc imdenad arareligiuri iyo, rogorc israelis memarcxene partiis li- derebi) religiad poezia, Teatri gaexada. poeziaze, Teatrze ise laparakobda, rogorc rabinni, sasuliero pirni, moZRvarni laparakeben Zveli aRTqmisa, Tu wi- naswarmetyvelTa wignebze.
kargi literaturuli da Teatraluri cxovrebiT icxovra, Tavisi Taobis Zvirfasi Tvali iyo, im Taobisa, romelic WeSmarit literaturas qmnida - momav- lis qarTul literaturas. misi Tu wina Taobidan veravin ityvis giglaze aseTi da aseTi amagi maqvso, mas ki Tavis TaobaSi TiTqmis ar darCenia Semoqmedi, romelzec Tavisi wonadi sityva ar eTqvas. did qarTul mwerlobas emsaxureboda.
nodar jinjixaSvili nodar jinjixaSvili ise wavida am qveynidan, saqarTvelos arc Seutyvia raoden
seriozuli mwerali hyavda (dResac hyavs - nodari ukve ara mxolod istoriis, qveynis kuTvnilebaa, miuxedavad imisa, icnobda, Tu ara mas). Cven gvyavda mwerali, romelmac ucxoobaSi moipova mwerlis aRiareba, mZime, rTuli cxovrebiT icxovra da wavida, rogorc Rirseuli adamiani.
misi rTuli bedis erT-erTi mizezi isicaa, rom qarTul enaze ar werda, rusulenovani mwerali iyo. amitom bunebrivia, damdevs SiSi, vaiTu, qarTuli mwer- lobis arealSi ver moeqces-meTqi. Ees ki didi usamarTloba iqneba: igi ara mxolod Tavisma niWma, Sromismoyvareobam, Sinaganma energiam, qarTulma mwerlobamac Ca- moayaliba, Sehqmna, rogorc mwerali, moazrovne. qarTuli mwerloba, sazogadoe- brivi azrovnebis sistema xom nawilia sakacobrio azrovnebisa. arafers qarTuls igi ar gaqcevia: qarTvelebze, qarTvel ebraelebze, saqarTveloze werda. ki, ki, vici mwerali enaa, magram mis mier daxatuli feTxaini (romani `Cemi TviTmkvlelo- bis istoria~) Tavisi tipaJiT, saxeebiT, xasiaTebiT dResac Tvalwin midgas, dRe- sac sunTqavs. Kcxadia, savalaloa, rom qarTuli enis wiaRSi ar trialebs, magram Cemi daCivleba mainc erTob lokaluri, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobisaa da vera-ra ganzogadebas ver miiRebs, radgan mTavari is ki ar aris, rom qarTulenovani ar iyo, mTavaria mwerali iyo. saqarTvelos, qarTveli ebraelobis ambavi Zalian kargad uambo mkiTxvels amerikasa, Tu ruseTSi, ise kargad, rom mere inglisuradac waikiTxes misi nawerebi, franguladac. mas Tavisi literaturuli SemoqmedebiT ara-ra amqveyniuri siamtkbiloba ar miuRia, bedma mxolod gacema, sakuTari gulis wurva arguna da ara siameni. amitom vambob: Tu Cems TanamedroveTagan vinmes xvda wilad literaturis, qarTveli ebraelobis alali, dauSurveli samsaxuri, uwin- aresad, nodar jins-jinjixaSvils. bedma ganusazRvra ase.
M me mamac maxsovs misi-batoni bubulo-xmel-xmeli, maRal-maRali, daxvewili inteligenti. studentobis wlebSi xSirad vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs biZaCemi xaimis, didebuli ioxa da gerSon sefiaSvilebis ojaxebSi. oTari Cemze ufrosi iyo, ukve ibeWdeboda presaSi, axladdaarsebul gazeT `TbilisSi~ msaxurobda. nodarze ufrosi xom iyo da iyo, magram erTi didebuli Tviseba hqonda- sulac ar eWira Tavi, rogorc ufrossa da metis mcodnes. Tumca, rCeva-darigebis gaziarebis ni- Wic hqonda da siyvarulic! Cvenc SoSiebiviT pirdaRebulni vusmendiT, gvewada misi mosmena. im wlebSi nodari jer kidev moswavle iyo, magram Cemi-studentis, oTaris-JurnalistikaSi, kinoxelovnebaSi erTob Caxeduli kacis urTierToba sulac ar xasiaTdeboda ufros-umcrosobiT, radgan `mTavari rabi~ mainc gigla iyo, xuxaSvili-poeti, kritikosi, mudam gatacebiT, STagonebiT `daraSobda-qad- agebda~ mwerlobaze.
maSin nodari moswavle iyo-meTqi, vTqvi. Ees `maSin~ ki lamis 45-50 wlis winan- deli ambavia. mas mere nodars aTasgzis Sevxvedrivar TbilisSi, moskovSi, amerika- Si. bolos 2001 wels Sevxvdi, Tel-avivSi. mixo mirilaSvilma saqarTvelos ebrael- Ta msoflio kongresis ideis prezentacia rom gamarTa, Mmisi mzera, gamoxedva, moZraoba iseTive iyo, rogorc 50-iani wlebis bolos-mSvidi, auRelvebeli, sulis siRrmeSi Camxedavi, dakvirvebuli. momxibla misma gamosvlam sastumro `daviT- interkontinentalSi~. igi laparakobda adamianebis nebaze, adamianebis sulze, ebraul sulierebaze, tradiciaze. erTi sasacilo ram moxda im saRamos: Cvenma zogierTma `brZenma~ profesorma, imdenic rom ar waukiTxavT, ramdenic nodars daubeWdavs (me ar vambob: dauweria. WeSmariti moazrovneni gacilebiT mets weren, vidre beWdaven), nodaris gamosvla yurad ar iRes-mainc Tavisas erekebodnen, da ver xvdebodnen nodaris fonze ra sabralod gamoiyurebodnen TavTavianTi rata- rutiT.
mixo mirelaSvils, am Sexvedris moTaves, TvalebSi Suqi Cadgomoda, gadmomCur- Cula:
-ha?!-es iyo aRfrTovanebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebuli. momdevno dRes mixom iafoSi puroba gamarTa. 2-3 saaTi visxediT. mixo biznes-
menTa im mcirericxovan jgufs ekuTvnis, romelmac kargad icis mwerlis, moRvawis fasi. xom amodena simdidrisa da saxelis patronia, me mainc mgonia, misi yvelaze didi simdidre Tavmdabloba da RirseulTa mimarT mowiwebaa. im dRes igi Cveulebi- samebr Tavisas miagebda RirseulT. Aaxlac Tvalwin midgas, rogor ucimcimebs mix- os Tvalebi. igi kmayofilia am sazogadoebaSi yofniT. (da saerTod didebuli ram aris imis SegrZneba, rom Seni jilagis adamianebi WeSmaritad Rirseulni arian, rom Sromas, niWs, gamourCevia. araerTxel mqonia SemTxveva gadamexedna SekrebilTaT-
vis da siamovneba megrZno ramdenime saxis xilviT). nodaric erTob pativismcemeli gaxldaT mixosi. Mmiwvevaze uari ar Tqva, lon-
donSi leqciebi datova da Camovida. mdidari kaci ar iyo, magram samivlinebo Tanx- is miRebazec uars ambobda -mixom ar dauTmo. ijda momRimari, kmayofili, mere Tqva sadRegrZelo-erTob gonivruli sityva ufro iyo, vidre sadRegrZelo. Aai, aseT purobaze Tu uTqvamT, sufra akademiaao, yoveli sufra, cxadia, akademia ver iqneba: dRes akademikosebis povna ar gaWirdeba-saqarTveloSi drom uxvad gamo- Ceka, gonierTa povna ufro rTulia, xolo sityvis ise mTqmelisa, rogoric im dRes nodarim Tqva, ra mogaxsenoT!
Zalian momwons misi romani `maswavlebeli~ i. stalinze da qristes ebraul samyaroze da nodar xundaZiseuli qarTuli TargmanisaTvis vrceli winasityvao- bac davwere. albaT, bunebrivia, rom am Temaze-religiuri motivebiT nasazrdoebi aseTi marTali, Rrma wigni suliT xorcamde ebraelma kacma dawera. nodariviT ebrauli sulis matarebeli unda iyo, rom ase mkafiod SeigrZno iudaizmis wiaRSi Sobili ideebi, ebraelobis suliereba, qristes arsi, amqveyniuri didebis mwvervalze asuli stalinis sulieri martviloba, romelic sayvareli qalis zurgSe- qcevam ganapiroba. Nnodar jins Zalas matebs ebrauli religiis, qristianobis, Zveli da axali aRTqmis, Talmudis, rogorc erTi dapirispirebuli mTlianobis, didi codna.
raoden gamalebulic ar unda ibrZode xelisuflebisaTvis, usaTuod dgeba Jami sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebisa, ganvlili cxovrebis Sejerebisa, miTumetes, Tu Zvirfasma adamianma martoobisaTvis gagwira: sasuliero seminaria, SesaniSnavi leqsebis wera, socialuri samarTlilianobisaTvis brZola, romelsac amzadebda mTeli me-19 saukunis filosofia, literatura, nadeJda aliluevas siyvaruli, cimbiridan ramdenime gamoqceva, xelisuflebis mwvervalze asvla, aliluevas TviTmkvleloba, romelSic drodadro gamokrTeba zinovievis saxe. raodeni Tavzardamcemi iqneboda Zlier moyvaruli, didi imperiis saTaveSi moqceuli qa- rTveli kacisaTvis colis TviTmkvleloba-msoflios did politikosTa zraxvebs swvdeboda, aswrebda, sjobnida da gverdiT myofi, Zvirfasi adamianis sicocxle peSvSi moqceuli wyaliviT gamoecala.
ra fiqrebs aRZravda yvelaferi es stalinis sulSi? Nn. jini-jinjixaSvili er- Tis mxriv qristesTan mimarTebis, mis cxovrebasTan paralelebis daZebnis, meores mxriv, nadeJda aliluevas xatebis fonze gvaCvenebs i. stalinis sulier samyaros, romelic radikalurad gansxvavdeba CvenTvis dRemde cnobili stalinisagan. vgulisxmob stalinis gardacvalebis Semdeg daweril mxatvrul, Tu publicistur literaturas. cxadia, sulac ar msurs augi vTqva amaTu im avtorze-zogadad aRvniSnav: ordinaluri azrovnebis adamianebma stalinis fenomeni TavianT in- teleqtualur, zneobriv, SemoqmedebiT sivrcemde daiyvanes da am sazomiT gan- sjidnen adamians, visi gamorCeuli, sruliad gansxvavebuli azrovnebis sistema miuwvdomeli, amouxsneli da amdenad saSiSi iyo (amitomac mgonia: saubari unda iyos ara stalinis sisastikeze, aramed imaze, politikurma oponentebma saiTkenac warmarTes misi qmedebani, ragvari atmosfero Sehqmnes mis irgvliv). sibecea, roca stalins warmoadgenen verag, sisxlsmowyurebul adamianad _ mis kolega-oponen- tebs arc veragoba akldaT, arc revoluciuri daundobloba. amitom saZiebelia i. stalinis fenomenis mTavari maCveneblebi. mecnierebaSi, religiebSi Caxedulni ki miuaxlovdnen uzarmazari imperiis Semqmneli kacis sulier samyaros. ( xazs vusvam: sulier samyaros da ar vambob Tvisebebs) da mis sulSi mimdinare kataklizmebic dainaxes. mweralTa Soris ki n. jini pirvelTagania, vinc stalinis samyaros ara ho- livudis, an skkp ck dadgenilebebis, mwerlis TvaliT Caxeda. am romanSi erTmaneTs avsebs, erTiandeba filosofiaSi da beletristikaSi Rrmad Caxeduli adamiani, mwerali. mas mTavari aqcenti sityvaze gadaaqvs. Mmwerali ki sityvaa. mwerali sityvas andobs umTavress-azris gadmocemis misias. igi flobs sityvis gamoyenebis, sityvaze muSaobis did xelovnebas.
waikiTxeT amerikeli qarTveli ebraeli mwerlis n. jini-jinjixaSvilis wigne- bi da mjera, Tqven kidev erTxel gangimtkicdebaT saqarTvelos, qarTuli mwer- lobis, qarTveli ebraelobis monapovris rwmena.
badri patarkaciSvili ebraeli eris istoriaSi yofila SemTxvevebi, roca maTs Svilebs ucdiaT gaq-
ceodnen TavianT erovnul sawyiss – uaruyviaT rwmena, sxva sarwmunoebac miuRiaT – dasdgomian sruli asimilaciis gzas. umetes SemTxvevaSi, am nabijs mosalodneli sarwmunoebrivi devnis safrTxe adgmevinebdaT, magram ebraelTa moZuleT maT- Tvis mainc Zalian mtkivneulad, tragikuladac ki SeuxsenebiaT ucxo – ebraeli – xaro. me-14 saukunis miwurulis espaneTSi ebraelTa erTi nawili gaeqca ebra- elobas – rjuli icvales – Seecadnen gamxdariyvnen iseTni, rogoric iyvnen sxvebi – garemomcveli samyaro, magram mefe ferdinandma isinic iseve ahyara da gaasaxla espanelTa miwidan, rogorc dila-saRamos adonais msaxuri, guldaguli ebraelebi (Seqspiris `venecieli vaWris~ kiTxvisas, an am piesis mixedviT dadgmuli speqtak- lis cqerisas, Tan mdevs fiqri, rom Sailoki espaneTidan devnili ebraelebis STa- momavalia – maTi SviliSvili, an SvilTaSvili. mis mSoblebSi jer kidev cocxali iyo gandevnis, tanjva-oxvris mZime gancda. Sailokiseuli SurisZiebis Jini ara mxolod venecieli vaWris – antonios misadmi damokidebulebaSi iRebs saTaves, aramed espaneTidan damamcirebeli gandevnis simwareSi – mis sulSi jer kidev ar Sexorcebula tkivilebi, romelsac devnili, navsayudaris maZiebeli misi mama-papa ganicdida).
20-30-ian wlebSi germaniaSi mcxovrebi ebraelebi ise iyvnen adaptirebulni garemomcvel samyarosTan, imdenad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobdnen saxelmwifos cxovrebaSi, verafriT warmoidgendnen, rogorc ebraelebs, Tu ram xifaTi elo- daT.
hitlerma erTi didi anderZi dautova am ers: arasodes ar daijero rom saqme kargadaa, amitom unda daadge Soreul gzas, welebze fexi unda daidga, qancic unda gaiwyvito, rom yvelaferi kargad Sens istoriul samSobloSi moawyo.
badri patarkaciSvili genetikurad ebraeli gaxldaT, Cveulebriv ebraul ojaxSi, ebraelTa Soris aRzrdili, ebraul dResaswaulebze, albaT, isic iseve dadioda sinagogaSi, rogorc misi toli, ubneli biWebi, magram wamoizarda da Tbilisel kacad Camoyalibda. masSi imdenad Zlieri iyo qarTul samyarosTan, qa- rTul sulierebasTan identifikacia, rom sxvad verc warmoedgina Tavi – mxolod qarTvelad, ise, rogorc qarTvel ebraelTa maqsimaluri umetesoba qarTuli Semecnebisa gaxldaT. megobar-amxanagebic qarTvelebi hyavdnen, meuRlec Cineb- uli qarTveli qali. Tumca. amis gamo ebraul samyarosTan sulac ar gauwyvetia kavSiri – piriqiT, ara mxolod siaxlove hqonda masTan, Wirsa da lxinSi gverdiT edga. masSi, ise rogorc bevri qarTveli ebraelis sulSi qarTuli zaric rekda da ebraulic. erTi sityviT, is minda vTqva, rom qarTuli suliskveTebis, msoflganc- dis kacad Camoyalibda. amanac Tu aTqmevina patiosani qarTveli kacis saTqmeli fraza: `saqarTvelos mojamagired migulveT~.
araferi gasakviri ar aris, Tu aseTi suliskveTebis adamiani saqarTvelos pre- zidentobaze ifiqrebs. me piradad misi es gadawyvetileba arasworad mimaCnda da mimaCnia, magram igi Tavisi mentalitetiT moqmedebda – mis sulSi rom ebraeli meti yofiliyo, vidre qarTuli, rasakvirvelia, aseTi fiqri arc gauCndeboda, magram Tu Sen am qveynis Svili xar, misi sisxli da xorci, ratom unda iyos ucnauri pirveli pirobisaTvis brZola, miTumetes, roca yvela xedavs, rom rom pirveli pi- roba miuwvdomlis misawvdomad ki ar gWirdeba, (mas prezidentze meti aqvs, flobs
saxeebi da situaciebi guram baTiaSvili
uamrav qonebas, Tan Tavisufalia, xalxis winaSe movaleoba ar akisria), aramed imis- aTvis, rom qveyanas waadge, rasac flob, imis gonivruli gamoyenebiT xalxi ukeTes dRes swio, e.i. nebayoflobiT idgam im uRels, romlis simZimemac SesaZloa, gag- srisos. ukeTes, gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi ki, SesaZloa gergos ramdenime striqoni saqarTvelos istoriaSi.
da Tu Sen am qveynis mojamagireobis surviliT cxovrob, Tu ase gwadia umdidresi kacis taxti qveynis bedis gamgeblis umZimes uRelze gacvalo, ratom unda iyos es saaugo saxsenebeli?
adamianma mtkiced gadawyvita gaxdes saqarTvelos mojamagire, Tanamedrove terminologiiT – prezidenti.
daijera da Secda? metismetad irwmuna is, rac ar unda erwmuna? da kacs, romelic am miwaze 26 saukunea cxovrobs, SesZaxes, mexsierebam giRa-
lata, Sen Cveni ara xar! Tu Sen dagaviwyda, rom ebraeli xar, Cven gvaxsovso. da Tbilisis quCebSi, amaTuim qalaqSi saarCevno kompaniis dReebSi xalxs Seax-
senebdnen, rom arCevani unda gaakeTon ZirZvelsa da ucxos Soris, rom am miwaze, am qveyanaSi mosuli ki ar unda iyos pirveli piri, am miwis mkvidri.mas ki am miwis mkvidrad miaCnda Tavi.
aris erTi gniasi, nerviuli SeZaxilebi. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom amaod davmS- vralvarT, sul tyuili iyo qeba 26 saukunovani Tanacxovrebisa, Tu eseni, Cveni drois qarTveli didebulni, miiCneven, rom me mxolod laparakis ufleba maqvs da rogorc ki moviqcevi ise, rogorc yoveli Cveulebrivi qarTveli, SemZaxeben: Sen ucxo xar, amao yofila yvelaferi.
magram Tbilisis quCebSi ismis gineba. iginebian sajarod, saxalxod... omaxianad, xmaSewyobilad gaiZaxian: badris ra? dedis...
swored es gineba, gamovlenili uxamsoba gaxlavT Svebis momgvreli, radgan es ar aris qarTveli xalxi. am uxamsobas qarTveli xalxi ki ar SesZaxebs, partia, partiis dasawinaurebeli, cxovrebis mowyobas, xalxze gamgeblobas mowadinebuli partia, saSualo, Tu saSualoze dabali niWis wevrebi am partiisa. maT sxva araferi ZaluZT, maT mxolod gineba ZaluZT. eseni xalxs rozgaven, cxvirpirs amtvreven, saRamos ki gamarjvebuli generlebiviT daabijeben quCebSi, erTmaneTs ulocaven xalxis daTrgunvas. paradze hitlerze gamarjvebuli stalini ar iyo esoden wel- gamarTuli.
ara, es ar aris qarTveli xalxi, es partiaa! qarTveli xalxi 3-4 Tvis Semdeg ityvis Tavis sityvas – badris dakrZalvis dRee-
bSi. qarTveli xalxi saaTobiT dgas rigSi, rom mis cxedars pativi miagos, mere ki mis kubos xelSi aitatebs da samareSi taSiscemiT Caasvenebs.
mZimea, Zalian mZimea samareSi Casvla – iqneba es dumiliT, Tu taSiscemiT, miTu- metes im adamianisa, romelic xalxs sWiroda.
am bolo xans xSirad vfiqrob: imaTgan, vinc Tbilisis quCebs ayruebda SeZaxil- iT: `badris ra?~ samaris karTan vin daukravs taSs?
nisan babalikaSvili erTob mokrZalebuli iyo, imdenad mokrZalebuli, rom masaSi, sxvaTagan verc
gamoarCevdi. miuxedavad amisa, mainc raRac sxivs hfenda garemomcvelT, iqneb, es am adamianSi bavSvobidanve Canergili, ganmtkicebuli rwmenisa da SeZenili codnis erTobliobiT Sobili sxivi gaxldaT? am fermkrTali, Tu fergaleuli kacis keTili Rimilic amas adaturebda_ misi bunebidan momdinare rwmeniTa da codniT savse kacis sikeTes. Zlier uyvarda ara Tavisi Tavi_moRvaweoba, adgili qarTvel ebraelTa TemSi, aramed ebraeloba, misi istoria, kultura saerTod da misi sisxli da xorci qarTveli ebraeloba konkretulad. maxsovs, Tavisuflebis moedanze gamaCera_ kirovis (maSin ase erqva dRevandel leoniZis quCas) quCis asasvlelTan. wina dReebSi Cemi piesis _`vali“_ mixedviT dadgmuli speqtakli enaxa da aRfrTovanebuli mesaubreboda. piesis calkeul epizodebze iseT ganzo- gadebebs akeTebda, ebraeli kacis xasiaTis iseTi Tvisebebis Cinebul gamoxatvas xedavda piesaSi, gaocebuli viyavi _me xom nisanTan amaTu im epizodis gaazrebaze ar misaubria-meTqi. man yvelaferi amoikiTxa. saubrisas, piesis iumoris aRmZvre- li replikebisa, Tu scenebis mogonebisas, Rimili sZlevda da es Rimili tuCebis boloSi ikargeboda. sixaruls ver faravda imis gamo, rom qarTvel ebraelTa samyaro esoden dadebiTad,ubralod, adamianurad, ideologiur-politikuri koni- unqturis gareSe warmoCinda qarTul scenaze. sxva drosac xSirad SevxvedrivarT erTmaneTs: universitetSi, beiT-qneseTSi, amaTu im RonisZiebaze, magram erTi Sex- vedra gansakuTrebiT damamaxsovrda_es ramdenime wlis Semdeg iyo, faqtiurad misi gardacvalebis win: TbilisSi Camosuliyo ebrauli kameruli musikalur-dra- matuli Teatri iuri Serlingis meTaurobiT. pirveli speqtakli guSin gaemarTa, nisans ukve enaxa, aRfrTovanebuli da gaocebuli iyo: rogor gamogepara, usaTuod dResve unda naxoo. gansakuTrebiT is izidavda, rom iuri Serlingis, rogorc im Rames da Semdgomac araerTxel davrwmundi, cekvis jadoqaris xelovnebaSi erTob Zlieri iyo ebrauli suli. es Zala walekviT emuqreboda yvelafer antiebrauls da Cven mxneobas gvmatebda.nisanisa madlobelic davrCi: im saRamosve wavedi kon- certze. gaognebuli viyavi iuri Serlimgis xelovnebiT, imave saRamos Serlingic gavicani, droTa ganmavlobaSi ki erTob davuaxlovdiT erTmaneTs.
mravali ebraeli moRvawis cxovrebis Semswreni vyofilvarT_erTob saxelov- anTa, RirseulTa, Tumca, zogjer xom Segvqmnia da kvlavac gveqmneba STabeWdile- ba rom mavani, Tavis profesiaSi gamorCeuli, profesiuli ostatobis, gamorCeu- lobis gamo TanatomelTagan TiTqos xarks moiTxovs_me rom aseTi var, aseTi warmatebuli, es yoveldRe unda Tan unda gdevdeT da saTanadodac gamoixate- bodeso. amaTTvis ara mxolod nisanis mecnieruli simaRle gaxldaT miuwvdomeli, nisanis Tavmdabloba da inteligenturobac. riT SeiZleba es aixsnas? gana mxolod eTnikurad iyo ebraeli, nefeS iudis_ ebrauli suliskveTebis matarebeli da WeSmariti mecnieri gaxldaT. nisanma ebrauli klasikuri memkvidreobis araerTi gverdauvleli nimuSi Targmna, kargadaa cnobili, Tu rogor uangarod exmareboda igi j. ajiaSvils Suasaukuneebis espaneTSi mcxovreb ebrael poetTa leqsebis Targmnisas. araerT saerTaSoriso ebraul RonisZiebaze Semxvedrian adamianebi, romlebic nisan babalikaSvilis Sromebze mesaubrebodnen, TbilisSi dabrunebuli, amas SoTa bostanaSvils rom vuambobdi, erTob xarobda_SoTa xom im mcirericxovanTa Soris iyo, nisans bolomde rom uerTgula. isic israel baba- likaSvilis aRzrdili gaxldaT.
soso bardanaSvili ioseb, anu rogorc axlobelni eZaxian , soso bardanaSvili, qarTuli musikal-
uri kulturis sayovelTaod cnobili, gamorCeuli saxelia, igive kaci, isev Cveni soso, rom israelis uwinares kompozitorTa Soris moixsenieba, esec uCemodac iciT. amitom araerTxel miTqvams da kvlavac gavimeoreb: soso swored is xelova- nia, israelSi saqarTvelos Rirsebas rom warmoaCens, saqarTveloSi ki_ ebraeli kacis ,niWierebas, garjilobas.
mis SemoqmedebiT Taviseburebaze mxolod zogadi saubari SemiZlia_Cemi musikaluri ganaTleba_am sferoSi naklebi kompetencia, ar maZlevs srulyofili analizis, saubris, weris uflebas. zogadi STabeWdileba_misi musikis mosmeni- sas miRebuli emociis Taobaze am 15 wlis winaT vuambe `saqarTvelos respubli- kis“ mkiTxvels. amjerad ki minda warmogidginoT soso bardanaSvili, rogorc pirovneba:
is kaci (mis saxelsa da gvars ar davwer. isedac ramdenime gverdi gavaWuWy- iane misi saxelis moxseniebiT_qarTvel ebraelTa Soris lamis yvelam icis,Cems winaaRmdeg vin amxedrebs didsa Tu pataras, Sinaursa, Tu ucxos. saqarTvelos SemoqmedebiT wreebSic ar gauWirdebaT mixvedra, Tu vis vgulisxmob: Seni Zage- biT tvini amogvWamao, meubneboda erTi xelovani) rogor ar gaisarja, ramdeni ar ecada sososaTvis Caegonebina, nu megobrob guram baTiaSvilTan, urTierToba ar unda gqondes mag kacTanao, verafers gaxda. mas xom erTi aseTi, bolSevikuri Tviseba axasiaTebs_arc faravs xmamaRla gaiZaxis: `vinc CvenTan ar aris, Cveni mteria!“ Sen mainc baTiaSvilTan megobrob, masTan urTierToba gwadia? eseigi CvenTan ara xar, da vinc CvenTan ar aris, Cveni mteria!
amis gamoa is sabraloni TvalebSi rom Sescicineben: Seni var, erTgulebas geficebio. is kaci ki xmamaRla gaiZaxis: Tu mag RonisZiebaze baTiaSvils epati- JebiT, me mand araferi mesaqmeba. amaTuim ebrauli organizaciis xelmZRvaneli ki myisve SesZaxebs: àra, batono, ar davpatiJebT!“ SesZaxebs, radgan Tu is kaci ar mova, yvelaferi wyalSi eyreba: mTavrobis amaTuim warmomadgenels viRa etyvis ebraelTa RonisZiebaze usaTuod unda moxvide, gelodebiTo. im ebrauli organizaciis xelmZRvanels ki Zlier sWirdeba amaTu im ministris mosvla: xval Tavis zemdgomT unda misweros esa da es ministri mobrZanda da gulTbili sityva war- moTqvao. imaT xom TanamSromlebis muSaobis Sefasebis TavianTi kriteriumebi aqvT.
yvelam kargad icis, is kaci ra comisganac gaxlavT mozelili, ra suliskveTebis patronia, magram mainc uweven angariSs, swored imitom uweven angariSs, rom ician vinc aris, rac aris da ar surT Tavi aitkion. myis emorCilebian Zaladobas. soso ki imad rCeba, rac iyo, isev iqa dgas, sadac idga. soso im kacis morCilTa siaSi ar Caewera, mis dakrulze sxvebiviT ar dauara davluri.
ranairad, rogor? Zaladobas rom ar daemorCilo, Zaladobas rom mzis gulze fexebgafarCxuli
fisuniasaviT ar wauwve, Tavad unda mogdevdes Zala. visac es aklia_pirovneba ar gaxlavT, eseigi arc Zala mosdevT, da is kaci daisves Tavze , TiTqos TavTavianTi ufrosebi ar hyofnidaT. simSvidisaTvis moiqcnen ase: daemorCilnen da simSvidec moipoves. saqme ar gairTules.
zneobrioba? samarTlianoba? oi, rogor uWirT samarTlianobasa da zneobri- obaze, saubari imaT, vinc saxlidan gasvlisas sindiss, wesierebas ezoSi, romeli- Rac kunWulSi CaCurTavs. hoo...rad gvinda axla aseTi kategoriebiT laparaki, ra saWiroa, ase nu gavazviadebT!“..
ai, soso arsad ar tovebs_mudam Tan axlavs.
icxak davidi savsebiT samarTlianad viyaviT da cxadia, kvlavac varT, aRfrTovanebuli
icxak davidiT, rogorc mkvlevariT, mecnieriT, an ratom ar unda vyofiliyaviT: saqarTvelos ebraelobis istoriis bevri furceli lamis qvesknelidan amozida, saukuneobiT modebuli mtveri gadaferTxa, Jangi gadawminda da samzeoze gamoi- tana_Cveniv Soreuli, Tu axlo warsuli mogviaxlova, lamis yoveldRiuri Tanamgzavri gaxada. es ar iyo sixarulis momgvreli? cxadia, iyo da am sixarulis ganmapirobeblis madliernica varT. CurCulebdnen, ruzruzebdnen man mxolod masalebi moiZia, dokumentacia gamoamzeura, arcerTi misi naSromi mecnieruli analiziT ar gamoirCeva da amdenad arc aseT aRfrTovanebas ar unda iwvevdeso. jer erTi, ar aris ase, magram asec rom iyos, Tu vinme fiqrobs, rom icxak davids_ qarTveli ebraelobis warsulidan mxolod es zRva masalac rom moeZia da meti araferi gaekeTebina, sakuTari warsulisadmi iseTi gulgrili TemisaTvis , rogoric qarTveli ebraelobaa, es umniSvneloa, cotaa, Zalian cdeba. icxak davidma bevri iRvawa qarTveli ebraelobis warsulis sakvlevad, Zalian bevri!
magram... raxan sityva `magram“ davwere, es imas niSnavs` raRacaze guli mtkiva. asec aris
da mkiTxvels axlave movaxseneb, Tu ra iwvevs Cems gulistkivils: am bolo wlebSi mimtkicdeba imis rwmena, rom dRiTidRe gvSordeba qarTvel ebraelTa istoriis, palestinis qarTul siZveleTa, qarTul-ebrauli urTierTobis Cinebuli mkv- levari icxak davidi. igi xom swored am sakiTxebis SeswavliT gaxda saintereso mecnieri da mimzidveli pirovneba qarTuli auditoriisaTvis. icxaki karga xania politikaSi gadaerTo, dRes igi gatacebiT a qarTul siZveleTa kvlevaze, gne- bavT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze ebraelTa gansaxlebaze ki ar laparakobs, aramed revelacianaristuri moZraobis av-kargze, es moZraoba ki saukunis damdegs Tavad daaarsa vaSingtonSi.. am Temas mravali tomi miuZRvna. amdenad qarTvel ebraelTa istoriis kvleva misTvis guSindeli dRea, poezia_leqsebis Txzvac guSindeli dRea, drodadro ki dausvams xolme sakiTxi: ai, Cemi leqsebis amadam wignSi esada es leqsia, momwons miyvars, iqneb, `menoraSi“ dabeWdoo, magram misi mTavari da seriozuli gataceba xsenebuli politikuri moZraobaa. kaci am sa- myaroSi trialebs, es sakiTxi gamxdara misi mTavari safiqrali. ai, ras wers am moZraobis Taobaze profesori raia CaruCevi_vaSingtonis universitetis pasux- ismgebeli koordinatori: `revelacionaristuri moZraoba, viTarca, kacobriobis aRorZinebis mniSvnelovani faqtori, Tavisufalia yovelgvari politikur- ideologiuri saWdeebisagan, yovelgvari religiur-seqtanturi mimdinareobis SemboWveli marwuxebisagan. masSi revolucia, rogorc socialur-politikuri faqtori, saTanado Serwymas, dasabuTebasa da ganmtkicebas hpovebs gamocxadebis (revalacia) fenomenTan.“
da Semdeg: `gvsurs gansakuTrebiT gavusvaT xazi im garemoebas, rom Sromebis avtori_is-
raelis samTavrobo struqturebis wevri, icxak davidi, romelmac Tavis Tavze iwvnia sabWouri, komunisturi wyobis wyroma da susxi, piruTvnelad da obieq- turad miuTiTebs Tanamedrove dasavleTis demokratiul kapitalizmSi arsebul dauZlevelsa da mZafr winaaRmdegobaze. erTis mxriv demokratia ( rogorc forma), romelic moiazreba sakrebuloebis, sajaaroobis, pirovnebaTaSoris ka- vSirebis gamaTanabrebel, gamakeTilSobel faqtorad da meores mxriv, kapitalizmis ( rogorc Sinaarsi), romelic efuZneba gadaWarbebul individualizms, rogorc egoistur sixarbes, umarTebulo momgebianobis Ziebas da sxva arc Tu ise zneobrivad dadebiT niSan-Tvisebebs. icxak davidi erT-erTi pirvelia, romelmac Tanamedrove dasavleTSi aRmoaCina xsenebuli winaaRmdegoba, gaanaliza da saTa- nado daskvna gamoitana“
Tavi valdebulad ar mimaCnia, icxakis mier aRmoCenili kapitalizmis winaaRm- degobani ganvsajo. es arc aris Cemi saqme, arc mainteresebs_Cems gulistkivils rac iwvevs, zemoT ukve mogasxseneT.
amaswinaT, icxakis TbilisSi stumrobisas sastumro saqarTveloSi“ am sakiTxze bevri visaubreT. Sin rom vbrundebodi, erTi fiqri amekviata: adamians Tavisi moR- vaweobis gzaze, zogjer iseTi ram gadaeRobeba, ise mouWris cxovrebis miznisaken mimaval gzas, verc ki xvdeba, rom Tavisi cxovrebis mTavar saqmes scdeba.
Tumca, vin icis: iqneb, swored es aRmoCena, politTeoria gaxdes misi cxovrebis mTavari niSnuli?
magram me... me vin damiSlis guli mtkiodes imis gamo, rom icxaki s fiqri yoveldRiurad
ar dastrialebs Tavs saqarTvelos ebraelTa istorias, yoveldRe ar irjeba qar- Tul-ebraul urTierTobaTa axali furclebis moZiebisaTvis.
antonio gutereSi ebrauli dasaxlebebis winaaRmdeg
israelSi vizitiT Casulma gaeros gen- eralurma mdivanma antonio gutereSma 30 agvistos moinaxula Razis seqtoris mosazRvre raionebi. aq igi Sexvda ebraul mosaxleobas. Razis seqtorTan mosax- le ebraelobam gamoxata ukmayofileba imiT, rom gaero fulad daxmarebas uwevs `xamass~.
am regionSi stumrobisas gaeros gener- alurma mdivanma ganacxada, rom gaeroSi muSaobis amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi, pirvelad gaxda mowme esodeni humanitaruli krizisisa.
gutereSma israelsa da egviptes mou- woda moxsnan Razas seqtoris blokada, da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas mimarTa TxovniT gazardon Razas seqto- risadmi daxmareba.
regionSi mogzaurobis Semdeg gu- tiereSma ganacxada:
_ gaero eCeba erTguli Tavisi gadaw- yvetilebisa israelsa da palestinas daexmaros samSvidobo SeTanxmebis miR- wevaSi. mravali welia me am procesSi tkiviliTa da SeSfoTebiT vmonawileob. kategoriuli winaaRmdegi var nebismieri nabijisa, romelic safrTxis qveS daay- enebs ori eri_ori saxelmwifos ideis ganxorcielebas. konkretulad: ebrauli dasaxlebebis gagrZelebisa,amasTan erTad winaaRmdegi var terorisa da Za- ladobis nebismieri gamovlinebisa. sruliad darwmunebuli var rom konfliqtis mogvarebis erTaderTi gza gaxlavT ganx- orcieleba principisa: ori eri-ori saxelmwifo.
arafatis saflavTan Sexvedra ,,Saxidebis“
ramalaSi Casuli gaeros generaluri mdivani antonio guterteSi iasir arafatis saflavze aRmarTul memorialur kompleqss ewvia da sisxismRvreli arafatis saflavi yvavilebiT Seamko.
amis Semdeg gutereSi Sexvda im teroristebis naTesavebs, romlebic TavianTi teroristuli saqmianobis gamo israelis cixeebSi ixdian sasjels. gutereSi aseve Sexvda ,,Saxidebis“ ojaxebs. palestinis oficialuri sainformacio saagento iuwyeba, rom arafatis saflavze yvavilebis mitanis Semdeg gutereSma iq myofT aRuq- va ,,rom yvelafers gaakeTebs israelsa da palestinas Soris mtkice mSvidobis damyarebisaTvis, ibrZolebs ganxor- cieldes principi ,,ori saxelmwifo ori erisaTvis“, amasTanave ibrZolebs pal- estinelTa mdgomareobis gasaumjobese- blad“
saagento imasac iuwyeba, rom memorialuri kompleqsis daTvalierebis Sem- deg gutereSi gamotyda, rom arafatis muzeumSi vizitma igi Secvala, vinaidan igrZno, Tu raoden ewameba palestineli xalxi.
imave dRes, saRamo xans gutereSi Sex- vda teroristuli aqtebisas daRupuli teroristebis da israelis cixeebSi datyvevebulTa ojaxebis wevrebs. Sex- vedris monawileebma gutereSs sTxoves ,,ixsnas israelis cixeebSi gamomwyvdeu- li 6.500 palestineli da am patimarTa sakiTxi wamoWras gaeros generalur asam- bleaze seqtemberSi~.
ra uTxra neTaniahum gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generalur mdivans
28 agvistos israelis premier-ministri biniamin neTaniahu Sexvda gaeros generalur mdivans antonio gutereSs.
_ gaero imisTvis arsebobs, rom xeli Seuwyos mSvidobis ganmtkicebas. amitom gisvamT SekiTxvas: ratom aZlevs igi uflebas gaeros kedlebSi gaismodes palestinelTa wamqeze- bluri mowodebebebi? _ mimarTa pres- konferenciaze neTaniahum gutereSs _ gaerom miiRo mandati rom aRkveTda `hezbolas“ SeiaraRebas. ibadeba kiTx- va: miuxedavad gaeros rezoluciisa, libanSi ratom Sedis aTasobiT iaraRi, irani libans Tavis samxedro bazad aqcevs, raTa aRasrulos missave mier adre deklarirebuli mizani_ mospos israeli, siriasa da libanSi irani israelis gasanadgure- blad aSenebs uzustesi raketebis qarxnebs. Cven amas uyuradRebod ver davtovebT, magram amas arc gaero unda eTanxmebodes. dadga dro gaerom ufro naTlad gamokveTos Tavisi pozicia. darwmunebuli var, Tqven SegiZliaT gardatexa, SegiZliaT bevri ram SecvaloT, me vapireb TqvenTan erTad ganvixilo Cvens regionSi mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxi. me imedi maqvs, rom Cven gavagrZelebT TanamSromlobas im grandiozuli amocanis Sesasruleblad , risTvisac Seiqmna gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia.
a. gutereSma sapasuxod ganacxada, rom rogorc gaeros generaluri mdivani yvelafers gaakeTebs,raTa daculi iqnas israelis usafrTxoeba, Tavis uwyebaSi yovelmxriv SeewinaaRmde- geba israelis diskriminacias, `xolo rac Seexeba israelis mospobas, es sruliad miuRebelia“.
pres-konferenciis Semdeg gamarTul piradi Sexvedrisas b. neTaniahum a. gutereSs ganucxa- da, rom irani da hizbala“ arRveven saerTaSoriso wesrigs_samxedro-teroristul qmedebebs samoqalaqo saqmianobiT niRbaven, cecxls uxsnian arasamxedro obieqtebs.
_irani, `hezbola arc faraven_saqveynod acxadeben, rom israelis winaaRmdeg or frontze apireben omis gaCaRebas.Cven sruli ufleba gvaqvs winaaRmdegoba gavuwioT israelis mospobis gegmas.
vidre neTaniahus Sexvdeboda, antonio gutereSi vizitad imyofeboda israelis prezident- Tan reuven rivlinTan. Sexvedris Semdeg gamarTul pres-konferenciaze gutereSma israele- lebi daarwmuna, rom gaeros generalur mdivnad yofnis periodSi Seecdeba zustad daicvas gaeros wesdeba,rac gamoixateba yoveli saxelmwifos mimarT Tanabar uflebianobis principis dacvaSi,es gaxldaT pasuxi reuven rivlinis mowodebaze gaeroSi unda Sewydeso israelis dis- kriminacia
_ me darwmunebuli var _ dasZina gutereSma _ israelis mospobisaken mowodeba antisemitizmis nairsaxeobaa, meores mxriv israelis xelisuflebis politikas yovelTvis arc me veTanxmebi. es savsebiT legitimuria. Cven kvlavac ganvagrZobT israelTan megobrobas, metad daaxloebis gzebis Ziebas,antisemitizmis ganZliereba xels SevuSliT da yovelmxriv Sevecdeb- iT, rom gaeroSi israelis mimarTac iseTive damokidebuleba iyos, rogoric aris sxva qveynebis mimarT.
cipi xotovelis gancxadeba
28 agvistos, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnis antonio gutereSis israelSi oficialuri vizitis dawyebis dRes, israelis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem cipi xotovelma (rogorc cnobilia, sagareo saqmeTa ministris posts Tavad premier-ministri neTaniahu iTavsebs), ganacxada:
-generaluri mdivani faqtis winaSe unda da- vayenoT: Cveni qveyana veRar moiTmens gaeros aseT akviatebul damokidebulebas israelisadmi da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es organizacia ar gadaxedavs Tavis damokidebulebas Cveni saxelmwifosadmi, israeli Sewyvets gaeros dafinansebas. ,,taims of israeli“ iSveliebs cipi xotovelis sityvebs:
_ Cven veswrafviT gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaSi kardinalurad Seicvalos israelisadmi damokidebuleba. es sakiTxi pirdapir unda davusvaT generalur mdivans. Tu gaero ar Seicvlis israelisadmi damokidebulebas, igi dakargavs ara mxolod ierusalimis mxardaWerasa da dafinansebas, aramed sxva qveynebisac.
c. xotovelma gaixsena, rom amerikis SeerTebulma Statebmac Seicvala Tavisi damokidebuleba gaerosadmi _ man naTlad ganacxada: israelisadmi gaeros ritorika unda Seicvalos.
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri mdivani antonio gutereSi israelSi
sportsmenTa xsovna...
golda meirma ,,mosads“ daavala msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebSi moeZebnaT da gaenadgurebinaT is- raelelTa mkvleli teroristebi. mosadma davaleba warmatebiT Seasrula.
axlaxan 5 seqtembers ki miunhenSi meuRlesTan erTad Cafrinda israelis prezidenti reuven rivli- ni aq gaixsna 1972 wels msoflios meoce olimpiadi- sas miunhenSi mowyobili teraqtis msxverpl ebrael sportsmenTa memorialis gaxsna.
memorialuri kompleqsis gaxsnaze movidnen ger- maniis prezidenti frank-valter Stainmaieri, miun- henis meri diter raiteri, saerTaSoriso olimpiuri komitetis prezidenti tomas baxi, teroristuli aqtis ori msxverplis qvrivebi. 45 wlis winaT teroristul aqtisas daRupuli ebraeli sportsmenebis xsovnis memoriali gaxlavT cacxvis xeebiT Semoja- ruli kolona, romlis centrSi amokveTilia yoveli daRupuli sportsmenis saxeli da gvari.
bernard Sou werda: „ cxovrebis arsi, marto sakuTari Tavis povna araa, sakuTari Tavis Seqmna.“ swored rom Tavad Camoy- alibda pirovnebad axalgazrda qali, romelsac dRes gagacnobT. Cemive Seqmnil modelze, visau- bro proeqtis monawileze ci- frebiTa da TariRebiT, pirvelad vambob uars, gana imitom, rom uazrobad mimaCnia, armed es adamiania gansxvavebuli da TviT- myobadi. igi gaxlavT scenaristi da reJisor–dokumentalisti _ elen ianovski. mcire biografi ul cn o bebs mainc mogawvdiT: eleni daibada TbilisSi, metad inteli- gentur ojaxSi. deda, nana beraZe, mozard mayurebelTa Teatris msaxiobi gaxldaT da wlebis gan- mavlobaSi leqciebs kiTxulobda Teatralur institutSi. igi is- raelSic ganagrZobs moRvaweobas da israelis qarTulenovan TemSi metad dafasebulia. mama, batoni lev ianovski, Tbilisis 25–e maTematikuri gimnaziis direqto- ri gaxldaT, romlis bazazec 90– ian wlebSi ivriTis Semswavlel- TaTvis kursebi daaarsa. elenis Zma, daviTi, jer moskovis fizika– teqnologiur institutSi swav- lobda, xolo israelSi amosvlis Semdeg , religiuri mimarTuleba airCia. amJamad xuTi Svilis mama estoneTSi erT-erTi kompaniis xelmZRvanelia.
elens Tavisi bavSvoba axsovs wigniT xelSi. daewafa kiTxvas, dRemde agrZelebs da misi codnis farTo diapazonsac swored es gansazRvravs. celqi, mousvenari gogona yovelTvis iyo yur- adRebis centrSi. sustebisa da Cagrulebis gamosarCleba pirad movaleobad miCnda. saxli mudam savse iyo stumrebiT _ daviTisa da elenis megobrebiT. „pirvel klasSi rom CavkideT xeli xels me da xaTuna medulaSvilma, dRemde ganuyreli megobrebi varT“ ambobs eleni da dasZens: „nebismieri urTierToba, megobruli, dedaSviluri Tu kolegialuri, moiTxovs Sromas, daTmobas da nebisyofas.“ Tu eleni ganmar- tovdeboda, mxolod wignis wa- sakiTxad. ise ki, roca saqarT- veloSi SiSi mZvinvarebda, Sida areulobis dros, igi ar epuebo- da arafers da demonstraciebzec ki dadioda. „dedas yovelTvis sjeroda, rom me msaxioburi niWi gamaCnda, me ki did Saragzaze gas- asvleli bilikis ZebnaSi vcade mx- atvroba, keramika, modelioroba maSin, roca Tbilisis Teat- ralur insti–tutSi vswavlobdi“ miambobs eleni. sainteresoa, rom studentobaSi mTavari rolebic Seasrula: ufliswuli (sant eg- ziuperis „patara ufliswuli“), varia, (Cexovis „alublis baRi“), nastia, (gorkis „fskerze“). da mainc, dokumenturi fotografi- is Seswavlam, studiaSi „sepia“, masze didi gavlena moaxdina da mixvda, rom es unda ekeTebina. fo- toze aRbeWdili adamianebi, piza- Jebi Tu cxovelebi, mis msofmxed- velobaze axdendnen gavlenas. saubrisas eleni siamayiT aRniS- navs, rom bebias gavs. me kidev erTxel gadavfurcle bebia so- fos memuarebis wigni „cxovrebis daumTavrebeli wigni“ da garda garegnuli msgavsebisa, maT xas- iaTSic bevri aqvT saerTo.
1992 wels da–Zma, daviTi da eleni amovidnen israelSi. kibuc miz- raSi aidges fexi rogorc repa- triantebma, xolo sacxovreblad ierusalimi airCies da Tel–avi- vis universitetSi Cairicxa dokumenturi kinos fakultetze. madlieria fakultetis reqto- risa da misive leqtoris, reuven hekerisa, romelmac friadosani studenti eleni sworad daakval- iana. studentobisas gadaiRo filmi „neve Sanaan“. es iyo ltolvilebis quCis cxovrebaze. elenis yuradRebas sul ipyrobda is, rac sxvebis Tvals gamoepare- boda, an viRaca gangeb moarideb- da mzeras. filmma didi mowoneba daimsaxura. masSi saaSkaraozea gamotanili im adamianebis auta- neli cxovreba, romelic zogSi wyromasa da protestsac ki iwvev- da. aseTive gabeduli gaxldaT momdevno filmi „biWi H-2 dan“, 12 wlis ymawvili xevronidan. xev- ronSi miemgzavreboda eleni nebi- smier amindsa da stuaciaSi, isev da isev iq, sadac sxvebi riskis zo- nas xedaven. es filmi wardgenili iyo berlinis, venisa da merlbur- nis festivalebze. iq ki, damsax- urebulad aRiniSneba am filmis Rirseba im TvalsazrisiT, rom Raribi mosaxleobis, normalur pirobebs moklebuli adamianebis erTi warmomadgenlis yofa iyo aRwerili yovelgvari Se- feradebis gareSe. es filmi lo- zungebiT ar gahkivis, magram mraval SekiTxvas badebs da eTnikuri sxvaoba ukana planze ki ar gadain- acvlebs, saerTod ar arsebobs. elens maTTan urTierTobas ara- buli enis codnac uwyobs xels. sityvam moitana da vityvi, rom elen ianovski qarTulis, rusu- lis, ivriTis, inglisurisa da ara- bulis garda, frangulsa da es- panursac flobs. sami weli iRebda eleni saaTnaxevrian dokumentur films „krivis klubi“, romelSic moTxrobilia krivis mwrTvnelis, gerSon luqsemburgis fanatikur siyvarulze sportisa da Tavis aRsazrdelebis mimaT. man ierusalimis erT-erT mitovebul mwisqveSa sardafSi TavSesafars miagno da ecada daemsgavsebina savarjiSo klubisTvis. SiSveli enTuziazmi iyo sawyisi baza, magram roca sabolood daiwyo mo- zardi gogo–biWebis wvrTna kriv- Si, mixvda, rom uSedegod ar Cauvlia mis wvalebas, mcdeloba- sa da Sromas. „riTi miipyro ger- Sonma Seni yuradReba?“ „misma faqizma damokidebulebam aRsaz- rdelebisadmi. igi marto spor- tis am saxeobaSi ki ar wvrTnis, aramad misi mizania, pirvel rigSi isini karg adamianebad Camoayali- bon. aswavlis mowinaaRm–degis pativiscemas ringze, rom ar daam- ciros damarcxebuli. iyo SemTx- veva, roca erT mokrives gandide- ba da zedmeti siamaye SeamCnia gerSonma gamarjvebis Semdeg. igi arc dafiqrebula, ise moxsna Se- jibridan is ymawvili, riTic sx- vebsac misca magaliTi imisa, rom upirvelesia urTierTpativisce- ma. am sardafSi Skrebi–li adami- aniebis cxovrebis stili, sruli dapirispireebaa im Zaladobisa da gautanlobisa, rac maT zeviT xdeba. roca elenma naxa alterna- tiva, rom aris adamiani, romelsac materialuri keTildReoba ki
ara, adamianis sulieri mdgomareoba aintere- sebs, gadawyvita Cvenc dagvanaxos. „me vici ra minda, ras veZeb kameriT, me Cemi arCeuli gmiris mxareze var.“ „gana Sen iReb kameriT? damxmare adamianebis gundi xom gyavs?“ „rogor ara, magram Cemi Wvretis nayofi ufro momwons miTu- metes, rom gadaReba profesiul doneze viswavle.“ „vin daafinan- sa es filmi, romelzec Sen daufaravi siamayiT miambob?“ „israelis televiziis me–8 arxma da rabinoviCis fondma. musika bat. ioseb bardan- aSvilma dawera, igi Cem- Tan erTad iziarebs sixaruls prizebis miRebisas.“ sagu lisxmoa is faqti, rom am filmma „oqros palma“ moipova, rac TavisTavad metyvelebs mis Rirsebaze da saerTaSoriso fes- tiv–alebze, germaniaSi, ukrainasa da avstriaSi iyo wardgenili. me, piradad mqonda bedniereba menaxa „krivis klubi“. raoden saocari iyo CemTvis, rom mwvrTvneli eTi- kaze laparakobs. erTi SexedviT arafriT gamorCeuli adamiani, zneobrivi TvisebebiT aRsavse gerSoni, Tavis aRsazrdelebs gu- laxdil saubarzec ganawyobs, mo- zardebi imdenad endobian, rom gulis kunWulSi moyuCebul said- umlosac endobian. maTTvis ax- lobeli aRmzrdeli ki mamaSvi- luri siTboTi cdilobs gaugos da daamSvidos isini. roca ger- Soni gitaraze ukravs, swored ma- Sin am hangebTan afrqvevs is- raelisa da ebraelebis siyvaruls, riTac patriotobasac unergavs mozardebs. mraval Wir–varm gamovlilma, adamianis mTavri faseulobani mainc ar dakarga. me, rogorc mayurebeli, mivxvdi, rom am rolis Sesrulebas msaxiobis mier, is sisadave daakldeboda, rasac dokumenturi kadrebi gad- mogvcemen. „Sen Tu iTvaliswineb mayureblis azrsa da gemovnebas?“ „ra Tqma unda, mayureblisTvis vi- Reb films da misi azri mniS- vnelovania, magram imisaTvis, rom mayurebels movawono, gmiris pirovnebas ar davazianeb. rodesac gerSonma filmi naxa, man us- ityvod gamoxata kmayofileba madlieri TvalebiT da CemTvis es pirvelad mniSvnelobas iZens.“ „axla raze muSaob?“ „me adamianis uflebebis dacvis sazogadoebis wevri var , es Cemi erT-erTi sam- saxuricaa. am organizaciis egidiT davdivar negevSi. iq bed- uineli Tineijerebis cxovrebas viReb, ufro sworad, isini Tavad iReben 5–10 wuTian filmebs Ta- visi yoveldRiurobidan. roca Tavs movuyri yovelives, maSin daiwyeba Cemi rTuli, magram saintereso muSaoba. “ beduini qalebi xom did SeWirvebas ganicdian Ta- vianTi yofis kanonebis dacvis gamo?“ ar veSvebi me. „swored ami- tomaa sainteresoc da ganumeo- rebelic. Zalian Wkviani, iumor- iT savse da xalisiani axalgazrda qalebi arian. maTTan saubrisas- gecvleba azri cxovrebis zogi- erT aspeqtze da mainc, me vityo-
di, rom yvelas ver gavatareb erT baraSi. isini moralurad ar arian mzad qalaquri cxovrebisTvis. ymawvilqalebis garda, erTi 110 wlis qalic gavicani. misi yoveli naoWi asaxavs istoriasac da re- alobasac. iqidan daRlili vbrundebi, magram didi pozitivi momyveba, rom dRes uqmad ar Cauv- lia. `da riTi iwyeba momodevno dila?“ „rasakvirvelia tele- fonSi informaciisa da Setyo- binebebis SemowmebiT, “ eRimeba elens. „rwmenasTan ra damokidebuleba gaqvs?“ „Zalian kargi, ara imitom, rom Cemma Zmam ieSiva daam- Tavra da man STamagona.“ „Sens 17 wlis vaJs, dimitris, Tu miaba- rebdi gerSon luqsemburgs aR- sazrdelad?“ „didi siamovnebiT, magram man Tavad ar moindoma. xelovnebis skolaSi swavlobs, ukravs kontrabasze da gamodis koncertebze, uyvars rogorc klasika, aseve jazi.“ „ramdenad erevi Svilis cxovrebaSi?“ „ooo, sul verevi, Cven kargi megobrebi varT.“ „iqneb dimasTvis Seni de- dobac kmara da megobrebi isedac bevri yavs?“ „Cemi bunebidan ga- momdinare, vcdilob sul mxedv- elobis aereSi myavdes.“ „Tavad Senze Tu aqvT Sens mSoblebs gavlena?“ „warmoidgineT, dRemde ar Senelebula.“ „kidev erTi SekiTx- va, ra aris adamianis daniSnule- ba?“ „iyos guSindelze ukeTesi,“ misTvis Cveuli gulwrfelobiT miTxra elenma. maSin gamaxsenda Cveni didi moZRvris, bras laveli rabi naxmanis Segoneba: ìyav yoveldRe axali da ukeTesi~.
Tavisufali, moazrovne, meoc- nebe, mudmiv ZiebaSi myofi elen ianovski SeamCnevs da aagebs siu- Jets imaze, rom Tu bohemuri xelovnebis warmomadgeneli ar aris, gugrilad Cauvlis imas, riTic igi Sedevrebs qmnis. xa- zgasasmelia agreTve, rom misTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs adamianis socialur warmomavlobas, mis politikur mrwamss, religiur Sexedulebas, eleni adamianebis– Tvis eZebs sulis tkivilis mala- mos ise, rom maT sulebSi xelebs ar afaTurebs.
me meamayeba, rom gavicani da Tqvenc gaicaniT Tqveni Svilebi _ TxemiT terfamde xelovani elen ianovski.
TxemiT terfamde xelovani lia krixeli.
8 m e n o r a seqtemberi (eluli) 9, 2017 w. ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8
redaqtori
telefonebi: 99.90.96, 77.20.57
gazeT `menoras~ redaqcia
manana jinjixaSvili qu Tais- Si daibada. aq daamTavra saSualo skola, musikaluri saswavlebeli, Semdeg quTai- sis saxelmwifo pedagogi- uri in stituti (amJamad akaki we reTlis saxelmwifo uni- versiteti) qarTuli enisa da literaturis specialobiT; muSaobda musikis maswavleblad, Jurnalistad, lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis quTaisis akademiur TeatrSi saliteraturo nawilis gamged. amJamad cxovrobs niu- iorkSi ojaxTan erTad.
rodesac manana jinjixaS- vilze daviwye wera, moulod- nelad aRmovaCine, rom Cveni megobrobis ufro xangrZlivi nawili ukve amerikul peri- odze, mis emigrantul cxovre- basa da Cvens satelefono Tu epistolarul urTierTo- baze modis, ufro naklebi ki saqarTvelos studentobisa da megobrobis im wlebze, roca yoveldRe, an TiTqmis yovel- dRe vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. mas Semdeg bevrma welma gan- vlo, rTulma da winaaRmde- gobebiT aRsavse mTelma epo- qam. saukune Seicvala, rogorc pirdapiri ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. mananam ufro mSvidi, Tumca ukve afori- aqebuli saqarTvelo datova, romelic jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris sivrceSi imyofeboda. igi Cvenze utyuarad grZnobda, ukeTesad xedavda im safrTxes, Cven rom jiutad ar vusworeb- diT Tvals. ar gveSinoda, radgan horizontze saqarTvelos damoukidebloba Canda. ase iyo cxra aprilis wina dReebSi. manana rekavda, swuxda, hqonda didi saSiSroebis molodini. maxsovs misi fraza: òRondac axla gadarCeT,~ rac maSin gaz- viadebuli meCvena.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi wasvlisas mananas guli wydeboda, rom aq toveb- da sayvarel saqmes, Tumca arc iq uZebnia axali profesia. samagierod Tavisi cnobiere- biT erTi wuTiTac ar daSore-
bia saqarTvelos. CemTvis dRes Znelia mananas vaSingtonSi àmerikis xmis~ qarTul redaq- ciaSi saqmianobis Sefaseba, magram, albaT, es periodi mis cxovrebaSi umniSvnelovanesi iyo. axal realobasTan Segueba, gansxvavebul ekonomikur da politikur sistemaSi, Tanac maRalkonkurentul garemoSi adaptireba, inglisuri enis kargad daufleba _ erTbaS- ad ramdenime fsiqologiuri barieris gadalaxva, bunebrivia, ioli ar iqneboda.
manana wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyo gaeroSi àmerikis xmis~ akreditebuli Jurnalisti. iyo avtori mravali saintereso da saWirboroto reportaJisa. mis mier lit- eraturisa Tu xelovnebis sxva sferoebSi momzadebuli gadacemebi ki yovelTvis gamoir- Ceoda siRrmiT, mravali plan- iT, rac sxvadasxva rakursSi aCvenebda im procesebs amerikis kulturul cxovrebaSi rom mimdinareobda. igi swored am sivrceSi qmnida Semoqmedi qarTvelebis portretebs da ufro TvalsaCinos xdida CvenTvis maTs warmatebebs. vfiqrob, manana jinjixaSvilis programebi gamorCeul xibls, individualur xelweras ani- Webda amerikis xmis qarTul gadacemebs.
saqarTvelos saxelmwi- foebrivma damoukideblobam Zalze saamayo realoba moitana. amerikis universitetebis (kolumbiis, indianas...) stu- dentebs (da ara marto maT) SesaZlebloba aqvT ucxo enad qarTuli airCion. manana maT aswavlis. bevri maTgani imyofeboda kidec saqarTveloSi. TiToeulma, bunebrivia, aq Tavisi qarTuli enis maswav- leblis sulis nawili gamoi- yola, misi TvaliT Sexeda Cvens qveyanas, me vici, ra rudunebiT ekideba igi am mniSvnelovan saqmes, ra did pasuxismge- blobasTan, rTul SromasTan aris dakavSirebuli es yove-
live. mza meTodika sakmaod mwiria, sakuTari gamocdileba ki wlebs moaqvs da igi mananas ukve sakmaod daugrovda. man SeZlo garedan Seexeda qarTu- li enisaTvis. sxvaTaTvis eswavlebina ara mxolod gra- matikuli kategoriebi, aramed ena, rogorc eris sulieri samyaros gamanivTebeli. axla manana fiqrobs (zrunavs kidec) Seqmnas da saqarTvelo- Si gadaiRos qarTuli enis videokursi, romelSic Tavs moiyris qarTvelebis saubrebi ojaxSi, sazogadoebaSi, quCa- Si, sufrasTan, Caiweros bune- brivi dialogebi kargi qarTu- liT molaparake adamianebTan erTad, rasac, eWvi ar mepareba, aucileblad ganaxorcielebs, Tu sponsori moiZebna, albaT, ufro malec.
manana jinjixaSvili, rogorc mwerali jemal qiria ambobs masze, kargi ebraeli da kargi qarTvelia. igi qarTul saqmes akeTebs. profesionali filologia. misi pedagogi- uri saqmianoba, samwuxarod, ufro metad sxvaTa arCevan- zea damokidebuli, vidre mis aqtivobaze. sakmaod moSore- biT Cevngan man SeZlo Tavisi qarTuli samyaro Seeqmna. axla rusulenovan radioSi gaaCi- na qarTuli niSa. aq mihyavs qarTuli gadacemebi, rasac usasyidlod akeTebs.
aqac gulRia maspinZeli da sxvaTa gulSematkivari amer- ikaSic aseve agrZelebs cxovrebas. misi saxlis kari mudam Riaa stumrebisaTvis, mudam mzad aris daxmarebisTvis.
TiTqmis 18 welia, rac manana jinjixaSvili wavida quTaisidan, magram erTi dRi- Tac ar daSorebia qarTul sityvas, qarTvel megobrebs, qarTul mwerlobas da xelovnebas, qveyanas, sadac daibada, gaizarda, Camoyalibda rogorc pirovneba, romelT- anac uamravi kargi mogoneba da tkivilic akavSirebs da romlis didi qomagicaa.
qarTuli saqmis sakeTeblad amerikaSi
rCeuli leqsebi israelSi gamoica
io seb krixelis rCeu-
meuRle nana xubelaSvili, Svilebi: Wiko, Tamuna fiCxaZeebi, sidedri eTer mixelaSvili, ia, maia xubelaSvilebi, emzar eligulaSvili,
merab kobaxiZe iuwyebian daTo fiCxaZis gardacvalebas.
robert, Tengiz, lera mixelaSvilebi, fima kacobaSvili, ciala, guram baTiaSvilebi iuwyebian
daTo fiCxaZis gardacvalebas da TanaugrZniben
gansvenebulis ojaxs,
redaqtori
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ivnisi (sivani), #12 2008 w.8
redaqtori
telefonebi: 99.90.96, 77.20.57
299.90.96, 277.20.57
mTargmnelTa klubis xelmZRvanels!
mogesalmebiT! Cvenma saerTo megobarma isak krixelma (romelmac Tqvenze bevri kargi ram
miambo) `cxra mTisa da cxra zRvis gaRmidan~ _ Cemi Tbilisidan Tqveni gulT- bili warweriT Camomitana samaxsovro nobaTi_`poeturi Targmanis anTolo- gia~ _
uRrmesi madloba Cinebuli krebulis gamocemisa da Cemdami gamoCenili yu- radRebisTvis!
siamovnebiT gavecani wigns. didi da sasargeblo Sroma CagitarebiaT: orasi mTargmnelis mier ormocdaaTi enidan Targmnili samasi poetis nawarmoebi _ SesaniSnavia! Ees wigni sixaruliT Sevmate Cemi mokrZalebuli biblioTekis qa- rTul ganyofilebas. bevri mTargmneli gamaxsenda, zogs piradad vicnobdi, vicnob, bevric axali saxea. madloba Rm-erTs!
minda aRvniSno CemTvis (da albaT, bevri sxvisTvisac!) erTob moulodneli ram: popularuli qarTuli simReris teqsti `turfav, turfav!~ 150 wlis wi- naT sosiko baqraZis mier gadmoqarTulebuli hainrix haines leqsi yofila!
samives didi madloba! kvlav didi siamovneba moggvara jemal ajiaSvilis brwinvale Targmanebma. moxaruli var, rom Tqvens krebulSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba irmiahu winaswarm-
etyvelis 2600 wlis winaT daweril èxas~ _ ìeremias godebis~ elegiebs _ TeTr leqsad STambeWdavad warmodgenils isak krixelis mier.
rom Targmno, unda icode, icnobde, Seiyvaro da Tu SesZeli, moixveW mad- lobas da orive eris urTierTobaSi daTesil madls saSviliSvilod moimki. es amocana warmatebiT SeasruleT Tqven da Tqvenma nakrebma gundma (`gundi~ ebrauladac `gundia~ _ `razmi~, èskadroni~).
mTargmnelTa didi damsaxurebaa, rom qarTulenovani mkiTxveli ecnoba msoflio poeziis margalitebs, an piriqiT. es xalxebs Soris megobrobis xids sdebs da alamazebs.
Mmaxsovs, rogori rezonansi hqonda israelSi ebraul enaze SesaniSnavad Targmnili SoTa rusTavelis genialuri vefxistyaosnis~ boris gaponoviseu- li Targmanis gamocemas. Bboris gaponovis mier am poemis Targmanebisas gamovlenili talanti sayovelTaod aRiarebuli Cerniaxovskis saxelobis premiiT aRiniSna.
sami aTasi wlis winaT solomon brZenis mier Seqmnili ukvdavi poema `galo- baTa galoba~ saucxoodaa gamoyenebuli èTerianSi~ anu àbesalom da eTer- Si~. XVIII saukunis didi mgosani-lirikosi besiki `rZaldedamTilianSi~ iyenebs frazebs am poemidan.
`galobaTa galobam~ bevri Semoqmedis yuradReba miipyro: teqstis Targ- mani 1886 w. al. cagarelma gamosca, Semdeg _ petre mirianaSvilma, mogvianebiT ki sergo gorgaZem.
didma qarTvelma ebraelma mweralma gercel baazovma `galobaTa galobis~ originalidan_ ebraulidan pirvelad Sesrulebuli qarTuli Targmani 1923 wels gamoaqveyna gazeT `tribunaSi~ (# 504). Oodnav mogvianebiT Sesrulda poemis kidev erTi Targmani dednidan_cnobilma sazogado moRvawem da mweralma naTan eliaSvilma es nawarmoebi ebraulidan Targmna, leqsis formaSi Camoay- aliba da 1925 wels calke wignad gamosca.
mTargmnelebze (kerZod ebraulidan qarTulze) saubrisas Rrma pativis- cemiT minda gavixseno didebuli ojaxis STamomavali nisan babalikaSvili (Cven bavSvobidan vmegobrobdiT); is iyo uaRresad ubralo, codniT mdidari, Zvirfasi pirovneba. nisans Targmnili da gamoqveynebuli aqvs Zvelebrauli kulturis sworupovari nimuSebi: `koheleTi~ (èklesiaste~), ìrmiahus godeba~, ìonas wigni~. muSaobda Tanamedroveobis udidesi mwerlis, nobelis premiis laureatis_ Smuel agnonis TxzulebaTa Targmanze. TbilisSi, mis saflavze, ori eris megobrobis simbolod aRmarTulia TvalsaCino Zegli-memoriali `sicocxle grZeldeba qvaSi~ _ avtoria qarTveli ebraeli arqiteq- tori SoTa bostanaSvili; swored am qvaSi qarTvelma xelovanma joni gogib- eraSvilma siyvaruliT amokveTa nisanis portreti. qvaSi amotvifrulia Sua saukuneebis ebraeli poetis Smuel hanagidis leqsis fragmenti nisaniseuli qarTuli Targmanidan:
`mTvares uZmos da uamxanagos, mTvares farvides Zali mfarveli! caman Soba da caman ganagos, cam ganuqarvos gansaqarveli.~
ebraulidan qarTulad mTargmn- elobiT moRvaweobaSi didi wvlili Seitanes: rabi icxak mamisTvalovma, misma Svilebma – abram mamisTvalov- ma da Tamar kezeraSvilma, gerSon ben orenma (wiwuaSvilma), icxak davidma, Salom davidma, rabi abram gagulaSvilma, dina SamelaSvilma, cisana biniaSvilma da mravalma sx- vam (vinc ver gavixsene, momitevos).
marTalia, poeziis CarCoebs scdeba, magram mainc aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTvel ebraelebs uxsovari droidan ebraulidan qarTulad Targmanebis sayuradRebo nimuSebi aqvT Sesrulebuli. bunebrivia, ebraelma ebraul enaze (an arameulze – iyo periodi) unda Seasrulos Ta- visi ZirZveli, uberebeli ebrauli tradiciebis, eTnikuri kulturis SesaniSnavi niSansvetebi: Rm- erTisadmi locva-vedreba, nefe- dedoflis kurTxeva, saqorwino xelSekruleba (2000 wlis winaT Sed- genili), fesaxis (3300 wlis winaT eg- viptidan ebraelTa gamosvlis dRe- saswauli) àgada~ da mravali sxva.
Cveni rabinebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen msmenelTaTvis qarTulad aexsnaT, ganemartaT ebrauli kazmulsityvaobis wakiTxuli nimuSTa Sinaarsi. amgvarad Camoyalibda Targmanis (ebraulad _ `Tirgumis~) nairsaxeoba `Tavsili~ (`Tavsiri~) Targmani ganmartebiTurT. `Tavsili~ Taobidan Taobas zepirad gadmoecemoda; ena _ arqauli, Zveli qarTuli iyo, rac maCvenebelia, rom is Seiqmna adreul periodSi.
aq, aRsaniSnavi da misasalmebelia Cveni Tanamemamulis prof. reuben enoxis (enuqaSvilis) wamowyebuli didebuli RonisZieba _ `Tavsilis~ dafiqsireba, mecnieruli kvleva; gamoaqveyna ori uaRresad mniSvnelovani wigni.
bolo periodSi, israelelma mweralma (israelis mweralTa kavSiris yo- filma Tavmjdomarem) prof. orcion barTanam da prof. reuben enoxma qar- Tulidan ebraulad Targmnes da gamoaqveynes galaktion tabiZis 30 leqsi. am TargmnisTvis prof. orcion barTanas da prof. reuben enoxs ivane maCabelis saxelobis premia mieniWaT.
2011 wels, cnobili mwerlis da sazogado moRvawis guram baTiaSvilis ini- ciativiT, ieruSalaimSi, jvris monasterSi, SoTa rusTavelis legendarul saflavTan Sedga poeturi dResaswauli; q. Tbilisis meriis xelSewyobiT da SesaniSnavi oTxeulis – mayvala gonaSvilis, orcion barTanas, guram baTiaS- vilis da reuben enoxis redaqtorobiT gamoica orenovani (ebrauli da qar- Tuli) krebuli. masSi Setanilia cnobili israeleli poetebis _ iTamar iuz kesetis, xen klainmanis, ionadav kaflunis, ioav xaikis, orcion barTanas, amir oris, niron s. izaqsonis, ioseb ozeris da keren elkalai gutis leqsebis Targ- manebi ebraulidan qarTulad _ Sesrulebuli mayvala gonaSvilis, jansuR Carkvianis, besik xaranaulis da reuben enoxis mier. aseve, qarTulidan ebraulad iTargmna galaktion tabiZis (5 axali), lia sturuas (3), muxran maWavaria- nis, jansuR Carkvianis, mayvala gonaSvilis, fridon xalvaSis, Tamaz WilaZis, rezo amaSukelis, besik xaranaulis, tariel Wanturias leqsebi da biografie- bi.
es xom _ didebulia! mapatieT! _ werili gamigrZelda, Tumca, saTqmeli bevria... batono aleqsandre, xedavT, ramdeni ram gagvaxsena Tqveni wamowyebis nay-
ofma?! gulwrfeli madloba! momaval warmatebebs gisurvebT!
Rrma pativiscemiT
didebuli moRvawe brZandeboda xaxam israel babalikaSvili_misi Taobis adamianebi, iqnebian ebraeli, Tu qa- rTveli mecnierni, sazogado moRvaweni gansakuTrebuli mowiwebiT, pativiscemiT laparakoben masze, xolo misi mowafeebi,romlebic ebraistikaSi swored israel babalikaSvilis meoxebiT daeuflnen did codnas, gaunelebeli mowiwebiT, pativiscemiT igoneben moZRvars.
wigni samenovania. igi qarTul, rusul da ivriTis enabze gviambobs israel da nisan babalikaSvilebis cxovre- basa da moRvaweobaze. wignSi Sesulia SulamiT SaliTis, icxak aTanelovis, gerSon ben orenis, irakli kokuaSvilis, jemSid giunaSvilis, vladimer axvledianis, givi Sahnazaris, malxaz sonRulaSvilis, albert gorelaSvilis, icxak davidis, xaia-merav babalikaSvilis, giorgi anTelavas, dodo CikvaSvilis, aleqsandre razgonis, abram torpusma- nis, Cesi lezgiSvilis, iakob CikvaSvilis, marina SaoSvili-neemanis, ruben enoxis` soso ajiaSvilis, jemal ajiaSvi- lis, SoTa bostanaSvilis, guram Ciqovanis statiebi, nisan babalikaSvilis Sromebi, misive Targmanebi: `koheleTi“ ìeremias godeba“ ìona“, Smuel agnoni _ `mteri... moyvare?“, nisan babalikaSvilis saenciklopedio statiebi da sxv.
wigni uxvadaa dasuraTebuli.

НЕЗАВИСИМАЯ ЕВРЕЙСКАЯ ГАЗЕТА В ГРУЗИИ 21-22...

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