GRAMMAR UNIT 19

B.Nyamdavaa

THE SINGULAR OF NOUNS

a/an – íýð ¿ãèéí ãàíö òîîíä õýðýãëýãäýíý. Ýãøãèéí ºìíº a (a dog)ãèéã¿¿ëýã÷èéí ºìíº an (an onion). Äóóäëàãààñàà õàìààð÷ a union, an hour , an MP, a university etc.

Òîîëäîãã¿é íýð ¿ãèéí ºìíº a/an õýðýãëýõã¿é. (not:a rain,a salt etc)

Õàìààòóóëàõ òºëººíèé ¿ãèéí ºìíº õýðýãëýõã¿é. (not:a my dog etc)

A FEW AND FEW , A LITTLE AND LITTLE Few –èõ áèø (negative idea) A few – öººí õýäýí(for countable

nouns/positive idea) Only a few – åð人 öººí õýäýí Little – áàðàã áàéõã¿é ãýñýí ÷àìëàñàí

ºí㺠àÿñòàé (for uncountable/positive idea)

ÆÈØÝÝ :

“I’ve got a few friends.”(=maybe not many,but enough) Áè õýäýí íàéç íàðòàé.

“I’ve got a little money.”(=I’ve got enough to live on) Áè æààë ìºíãºòýé .

Few people visited him in hospital.(=he had almost no visitors)Ò¿¿íèéã ýìíýëýãò ýðãýõ õ¿í áàðàã áàéõã¿é.

He had little money.(=almost no money)Íàäàä ìºí㺠áàðàã ë áàéõã¿é.

MUCH , MANY

Much and many íü àñóóõ áóþó ¿ã¿éñãýõ ºã¿¿ëáýðò õýðýãëýãäýõ òîõèîëäîëä

“How much?”/òîîëäîãã¿é íýð ¿ãýíä/ “How many?”/òîîëäîã íýð ¿ãýíä/

õýðýãëýãäýíý.

ÆÈØÝÝ:

How much money have you got? How many cigarettes have you

smoked? There’s not much sugar in the

cupboard. There weren’t many people at the

concert.

TOO , (NOT) SO,AND (NOT) AS-ÒÝÉ ÕÀÌÒ ÕÝÐÝÃËÝÃÄÝÍÝ.

There were to many people at the concert. Êîíöåðò ìàø èõ õ¿íòýé áàéñàí.

There’s not so much work to do this week. Ýíý äîëîî õîíîãò íýã èõ àæèëòàé áàéñàíã¿é.

A LOT OF, A LOT /ÁÀÒËÀÍ Õ¿¿ÐÍÝÕ ºÃ¿¿ËÁÝÐÒ/

I’ve got a lot of work this week. Ýíý äîëîî õîíîãò áè ìàø èõ àæèëòàé.

There were a lot of people at the concert. Êîíöåðòîíä ìàø èõ õ¿í áàéñàí.

Only with uncountable nouns

With uncountable and countable nouns

Only with countable nouns

How much? How much? or How many?

How many ?

A little No/none A few

A bit (of) Not any A number (of)

- Some(any) Several

A great deal of A lot of A large number of

A large amount of Plenty of A great number of

- Lots of -

+noun

SOME , ANY

Some and any íü òîîëäîã áîëîí òîîëäîãã¿é ¿ãýíä àëü àëèíä õýðýãëýãäýíý.

Some /õýäýí õýñýã, õýñýã, çàðèì/;áàòëàí õ¿¿ðíýõ øèíæòýé ºã¿¿ëáýðò õýðýãëýãäýíý.

I had some rice for lunch. He’s got some books from the library.

QUESTION FORM

Did he give you some tea?(=I’m sure he did./ºãñºí ãýäýãò èòãýëòýé áàéãàà ¿åä)

Is there some fruit juice in the fridge?(=I think there is/òýíä áàéãàà áàéõ ãýæ áîäîæ áàéãàà ¿åä)

SOME- ÈÉà տ¿ÐÍÝÕ ØÈÍÆÒÝÉ ºÃ¿¿ËÁÝÐÒ ÕÝÐÝÃËÝÍÝ.

I will have some news next week. She has some valuable books in her

exams. Philip wants some help with his exams. There is some butter in the fridge. We need some cheese if we want to

make a fondue.

ANY /ẞÌÀÐ ÷, ẞÌÀÐ ÍÝÃÝÍ/ ÀÑÓÓÕ ÁÓÞÓ ¿Ã¿ÉÑÃÝÕ ØÈÍÆÒÝÉ ºÃ¿¿ËÁÝÐÒ ÕÝÐÝÃËÝÍÝ

Have you got any tea ? He didn’t want any tea. I don’t think we’ve got any coffee left.

ANY IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES

A. She doesn’t want any kitchen appliances for Christmas.

B. They don’t want any help moving to their new house.

C. No,thanks. I don’t want any more cake.

D. There isn’t any reason to complain

ANY IN INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

A. Do you have any friends in London? B. Have they got any children? C. Do you want any groceries from the

shop? D. Are they any problems with your

work?

The end