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TRNG I HC Y DC HUB MN : Ha hcGio vin hng dn : Trn Th Ha1

KIM LOI KIM TH (KIM LOI NHM IIA)

Nhm : Chicken chicken chicken

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NI DUNG

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V.NC CNGIV.CC HP CHT QUAN TRNGIII.NG DNGVI.VAI TR V NG DNG TRONG Y HCII.TNH CHTI.TRNG THI THIN NHIN

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I.TRNG THI THIN NHIN

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- Tn ti : Dng hp cht M2+ TnTn tiBe- Khong chnh: Qung beryl(Be3Al2Si6O18)

Mg-Khong chnh: Cacnalit (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O),Magiezit (MgCO3),Dolomit(MgCO3. CaCO3), talc(Mg3Si4O10(OH)2),amiang (Mg6Si4O11(OH)6.H2O)-L cy ,m ca ng vt v trong nc binCa-Ch yu CaCO3 trong vi,canxit, hoa,olomit-Thch cao (CaSO4.2H2O), apatit-Xng ng vt,huyt thanh,m thc vt,ncSr-Khong : Xeleotit (SrCO3)

Ba-Khong: viterit (BaCO3),Barite(BaSO4)

Ra-Rt t trong qung uran

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II.TNH CHT

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Tnh cht nguyn t Tnh cht nguyn tBeMgCaSrBaRaBn knh nguyn t1,131,61,972,152,212,35Bn knh ion M2+ 0,340,741,041,21,331,48.I1(eV)

I2(eV) 9,3

18,217,6

15,036,11

11,875,96

10,935,31

9,955,28

10,10 m in1,571,311,000,950,890,90

Kim loi nhm IIA

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II.TNH CHT

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2. L tnh- C mu trng bc hay xm nht

-C nhit nng chy, nhit si ,t khi cao hn kim loi kim

-Tr Be,Mg, cc kim loi IIA khc v hp cht ca chng u nhum mu ngn la: Ca ( dam cam),Sr ( son),Ba (Lc hi vng),Ra ( thm)

-Cng hn kim loi kim:

V kl IIA c s e lin kt gp i kl IA => KL IIA bn cht hn , cng hn

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II.TNH CHT

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3. Ha tnh3.1 Tc dng vi ncBe

Ca, Sr, BaKhng tc dng vi ncTc dng chm vi nc nhit thng to Mg(OH)2. Tc dng nhanh nhit cao to MgO. Tc dng vi nc nhit thngto dung dch baz. M + H2O M(OH)2 + H2

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NI DUNG

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Magie tc dng vi nc :

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NI DUNG

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3.2 Tc dng vi phi kimTc dng vi oxy: To oxit

nhiet o thng Be;Mg b oxh cham tao oxt bao ve kim loai; to cao cac kim loai eu chay tao oxt kim loai

Mg chy pht ra giu tia t ngoi:

b) Tc dng vi phim kim khc: To mui

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NI DUNG

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3.3 Tc dng vi axit:

- Tan d dng trong axit : M + HCl MCl2 + H2.3.4 Tc dng vi NH3- nhit cao:

+ Mg,Be :3M+2NH3 M3N2 + 3H2.

+Ca,Sr,Ba : 6M + 2NH3 M3N2 + 3MH2.

- -400C trong kh quyn Ar:Ca,Sr,Ba + NH3 dung dch xanh thm M + 6NH3 [ M(NH3)6]

Nu c xt Pt : M + 2NH3 M(NH2)2+H2.

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III.NG DNG

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1. Beri (Be )-Dng lm vt liu cho l phn ng ht nhn (Be ) v Be bn nhit, bn c,bn ha,khng p vi notron sinh ra-Dng lm hp kim beri ng, dn in,nhit cao, cng dng lm l xo, vt liu cu tr nh trong cc thit b tn la,tu v tr

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III.NG DNG

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2. Magie - Mg va cac oxit magie c s dung nh la vt liu chiu la tt.

Ch tao hp kim co c tinh nhe va bn.

- Cac hirxit magie c dung lam sa maige, clorua magie trong cac mui Epsom va critrat magie dung trong y t.

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III.NG DNG

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3. Canxi

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IV.CC HP CHT QUAN TRNG

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Oxit-MgO chu nhit cao : dng lm vt liu chu nhit (hch chu la,chn nung,...) -CaO: dng ht m lm vt liu xy dng,iu ch CaC2.

Hydroxit- Km bn vi nhit, khi un nng to oxit-Ca(OH)2 : t tan trong nc,to nc vi trong. Hn hp nho Ca(OH)2 vi ct theo t l CaO:SiO = 1 :3 gi va vi.

Mui- Thng l tinh th,trong dd tn ti ion khng mu- CaC2 rt ho nc ,dng lm cht ht m,lm cht xc tc- CaSO4.2 H2O : Thch cao , khi un nng n 125 0C to thch cao nung.

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V.NC CNG

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VI.VAI TR V NG DNG TRONG Y HC

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1. Cc nguyn t kim th c trong c th v vai tr ca chnga) Canxi- Cn thit cho s sng. Chim 1,4 % trng lng c th,cng Mg,P to xng v rng-iu ha v thng tin ni bo, Ca2+cn tham gia vo qu trnh ng mu,iu ha dn truyn thn kinh,hot ha cholinnesterataza-Thc phm cha nhiu Ca: sa,phomat,lng trng,u,rau,... Thiu Ca gy ci xng, h Ca mu gay co rt chn tayb)Magie-L ngto sinh hc. Chim khong 1% trng lng c th,c trong xng v t bo,m mm v dch c th,dch no ty.-Kim sot lng Canxi thm nhp vo t bo nn c vai tr quan trng trong vic gi cho h thn kinh v c khkoong hot ng qu trn. Thiu Mg2+,cc Ca2+ vo t bo qu mc gy co c,au rt t ngt cc c quan cha c trn. Magie cn l cht hot ha cho 300 enzym trong c th. -Thiu Magie gy ci xng,xp xng,co gitThc phm cha nhiu Mg2+ l sa, rau xanh,ht d,hi sn,...

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VI.VAI TR V NG DNG TRONG Y HC2. Hp cht ca nguyn t IIA ng dng trong y hc

a) HC ca Be : HC ca Be u c khi n phi ,ht phi hoc tip xc qua da

b) HC ca Mg: -Mg(OH)2.MgO lm thuc khng acid trong iu tr lot d dy - MgSO4: lm thuc nhun rng

c) HC ca Canxi : -Thuc b sung Canxi dng trong trng hp co git do h canxi mu hoc ch n thiu canxi gy ci xng,long xngVD: - CaCl2.2H2O dng tim - Canxi gluconat C12H22CaO14 v canxi citrat C12H10Ca3O14.

d) HC ca Ba: HC ca Ba u c,ring BaSO4 t tan trong nc dng lm thuc ung,do c tnh cn quang nn c dng lm r nt nh chp bng tia X tng chun on vim lot d dy bng ng tiu ha

Cam n moi ngi a lang nghe !!!

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