NÂNG CAO HIỆU QUẢ QUẢN TRỊ RỦI RO TÍN DỤNG TẠI NGÂN HÀNG TMCP NAM VIỆT...

8/2/2019 NNG CAO HIU QU QUN TR RI RO TN DNG TI NGN HNG TMCP NAM VIT (NAVIBANK)

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rlr crrld ddc gef lap up upd }~ ~a ~f }d

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7$>$7$5 \q mdcl }ldc gggl}apgdl nf wk z ~a ~f }d mdc

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7$7$5$> Ddc gef lap up lf} dc ge }~pdc }k }ldc }ad }d

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]WN ]awd k nf

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5$5$7$ Zea }~ ge }d mdc dcd ldc a za dd hadl }?

5$5$7$5$ ]d mdcr dc dlp gpzd mpq }~ up }~dl }awd|p}

dc }lacrrldp} zf rl}}~adhadl }?

Dlp gp zd }~fdc lf} dc wd |p} hadl mfedl ipd i zd uped


17/117


18/117

57

zd }~fdc dd hadl } mad ~e dledl ld) carglf dca gd zd g }l }k

g zd dledl ld) lap up ld g }l mpq }~ lf} dc wd |p}

hadl mfedl g iad }g z g }l car glf dca }le zd g }l nf upd

ed }fd dc }la hadl mfedl hak ia$

]~fdc dd wd |p} ldc le) }d mdc i k} }~fdc dldc dcpd ldl

}ldl zd ge mfedl dclar)cr rld }lg q dc mdc hlfe lg gdc dcl

zf wd

|p} q dledl up }~dl }awd |p} | la$

5$5$7$>$ ]d mdc}lgqup }~dl }r}~pdc zd z }r}~pdcwd|p}?

Nd gl} g }~dc lf} dc dcd ldc ilpq dc zd }ad } }k

}la dld ~a) rld }d }~fdc dd hadl }) }~fdc | la }lg lad glf zeq gg

d z hadl } g dlp gp zd rlg z glf up }~dl wd |p} hadl mfedl$

p } }r }~pdc idlp gp }} qp ge dd wd |p} ldc le) ld gl w idc

rl zd) }a}

hak ka dcpd ig dl }la caed) gla rl lpq dc zd$

5$5$7$7$ ]d mdc }lg q up }~dl ipd glpqd ldc le z

ipdglpqd}ad}?

]d mdc }lek cae }~g }ar zf up }~dl ipd glpqd ldc le z ipd

glpqd }ad } }f ap had rl} }~ad dd hadl }) g na} dldc dcdl hadl

} }~dc ak }~fdc ka caea fd rl} }~ad hadl }$ Lf} dc }d mdc ipd

glp w gla rla }~g }ar ge gldl wgl rl} }~ad hadl } ge gldl rl) z

zq cr rld q dledl up }~dl ipdglpqd }ad } }~fdc dd hadl } }l

}~dc) ld gl }lr dl} w dc zd }~fdc wd |p} hadl mfedl) q dledl

zdc upeq

zd$

5$5$7$=$ ]d mdccrrld}lgqgl lgl}fd hadl }?

Za w }a }~ }d mdc ge gg dcd ldc) ka mfedl dclar rla }lg

lad k} gl lgl }fd hadl } k} ggl kadlngl z lap up ld$ Hla w

mdc zd zeq dcd ldc) gg mfedl dclar rla }d }~dc gg lr dc }d

mdc) rla }lg lad }ledl }fd iaz d zeq dc ld) gdc dl zag glr ldl

gg upq dl ~dc npg }~gl dlak)dcle z hlg cla }~fdc lr dc dl i zd

}a gldl$


19/117

5=

Z zq a la gg mfedl dclar hla w mdc zd zeq ge dcd ldc

rla uped }k d zag ddc gef lap up w mdc zd) cak gla rl wd |p})

}dc ia dlpd ge mfedl dclar$

5$5$7$0$ ]d mdc}f ap had ladlrhadl }upg}?

]~fdc |p ldc la dlr hadl } upg }) gg mfedl dclar hldc gl

lf} dc }~fdc rlk za k} upg caek rla k ~dc uped l hadl } ~e

rlk za hlp zg z }l caa$ ]d mdc igdc g car gg mfedl dclar

}~fdc dg g ddc ig }lek caezf }l }~dc }l caa dl }a }~ zag

kpe nd glpldc le) k ~dc wd |p}) ddc gef gl} idcwd rlk glf

rl lr za qp gp

z upq k z gl} idcge }l }~dc }l caa$

5$5$7$:$ ]d mdci gdcg}a }~ zd glf gg dcdl hadl }hk rl}

}~adz gg dcdl h adl }}~dcak?

Za gdc g }d mdc) gldl rl w }a }~ glf gg dcdl hadl } hk

rl} }~ad ndc zag glf zeq p a za iawp}}lr) }la ld ma)kg zd id$

Dcfa ~e) Gldl rl gd }r }~pdc zd }d mdc zf zag rl} }~ad gg dcdl hadl

} ka

dld) }f dc ig }lg q gg dcdl hadl } hlg rl} }~ad$

5$>$ ^A ^F ]D MDC ,^^]M! ]^FDC LF] DC GE DL]K?

5$>$5$ Hla dak z ~a ~f z ~a ~f }d mdc?

^a ~f idldc nad g hldc kfdc a hla |q ~e md d }d }l} z}a wd ge dcd ldc) cak w} ia dlpd }lg } wf za m had lfg rla

n ~e }lk k} hlfd gla rl g }l lfd }ldl g k} dclar z }a

gldl dl}

dl$

]~fdc lf} dc hadl mfedl dcd ldc) }d mdc i lf} dc hadl

mfedl `k ia ia dlpd gl qp ge dcd ldc dldc gdc idclar z }ak

d ~a ~f ~} id$Gg }ldc h z dcladgp glf }lq) ~a ~f }d mdc glak

d 32% }~fdc }dc ~a ~f lf} dc dcd ldc$ Kg m lad deq g w

glpqd mgl }~fdc g gp ia dlpd ge dcd ldc) }l`f }lp dlr } lf}


20/117

50dc }d mdc g |p ldc cak |pdc z }lp mgl z g |p ldc }dc id

dldc }lp dlr } }d mdc zd


21/117

50

glak } 5&> d >&7 }lp dlr dcd ldc$,0! Hadl mfedl dcd ldc i hadl

mfedl ~a ~f) }l`f pa ia dlpd za ~a ~f glr dld g i nd gl} dcd

ldc$ â ~f }d mdc i k} }~fdc dldc dcpqd dld gl qp cq }d }l} z

dl ldc dclak }~dc d gl} idc hadl mfedl dcd ldc$ G dlap

dl dcle hlg dlep z ~a ~f }d mdc?

]l`f ]akf}lq S$Hfgl? K} hla dcd ldc dk ca }awd wadl ia) ~a

~f |q ~e hla hlgl ldc wea ld g dcle ihlgl ldc hldc }ledl }fd zd

cg z ia }l`f }le }lpd$ â ~f ~f }d mdc iw }leq a }ak d ge }lp

dlr }lpd z }l cage zd |p} rl} } zag hlgl ldc hldc }ledl }fd leq

}ledl }fd }~ ld$,7!

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dcle z }~ d$ Gdc za ~a ~f iawp}) ~a ~f }d mdc i k} }~fdc dldc ~a

~f gl qp }~fdc lf} dc glf zeq ge dcd ldc$ ,7!

Gd }l`f L`da` Zed C~ pdadc + Wfdoe N ~eofzag N~e}edfzag? â ~f }d

mdc g dl dcle i dcpq g k dca a zeq hldc }l gla }~ }ad ia

lfg lfd }~ zd cg wf za }la ld d dl}~fdc lr dc }d mdc$ qi}lpg }dl zd g ge lf} dc dcd ldc$ â ~f }d mdc }g i zag gla

}~ n }~ lfd) lfg }a } ld ihldc gla }~ g }fd n$ ap dq cq ~e w

g a za mdc glp glpqd }ad } z dl ldc }a hl ddc }ledl hlfd ge

dcd ldc$,7!

Gg dldcle hl e mdc) gldc }e g }l ~} ~e gg da mpdc g nd

ge ~a ~f }d mdc dl wep?

â ~f }d mdc hla dca zeq wea ld }~fdc }lg lad dcle z }~

d }l`f lr dc) nef ck i z&lfg ia$W wea ld g }l i }~ ld lfg

hldc }ledl }fd$

â ~f }d mdc w md d }d }l} }agldl) }g i cak }lp dlr

~dc z cak ca }~ }l }~dc ge zd$ ]~fdc }~dc lr dclak }~dc g }l

md d }lpe i) lfg kg gef ld g }l md d rl wd$

a za gg dg edc rl} }~ad ,dl Za} Dek!) gg dcd ldc }lap

e mdc }~fdc hadl mfedl gg mgl z }agldl) gg wd rlk mgl z gd dclf

dd)


22/117

5:

z zq }d mdc g gfa imgl z wadl ia gl qp z }lk gl cd dl i

mpq dl}) g na} a za gg dcd ldc dl$ Z zq ~a ~f }d mdc gef leq

}lr w upq} dl lap up hadl mfedl ge dcd ldc$

K} hlg) ~a ~f z ia dlpd h zdc ge dcd ldc i lea a idc

dc nad za dlep }~fdc k} rlk za dl} dl ,ia dlpd h zdc gdc gef)

}l ~a ~f }ak d gdc id!$ â ~f i k} qp } hlgl uped glf dd dca }e

hldc }l df ifa }~ lfd }fd g k gl g }l ld gl w |p} lad ge

gldc gdc dl }g la mf gldc cq ~e$

5$>$>$ Rld ifa ~a ~f }d mdc?

G dlap ggl rld ifa ~a ~f }d mdc hlg dlep }q }l`f kg gl) qp

gp dclad gp$ ]q }l`f }ap gl rld ifa k dca }e glae ~a ~f }d mdc

}ldl gg ifa hlg dlep$ Gd g zf dcpqd dld rl} wadl ~a ~f) ~a ~f }d

mdc g

rld glae}ldl gg ifa wep q?

â ~f}d mdc

â ~fcaef mgl

â ~fmedl kg

â ~f

ie gld

â ~f

nf k

â ~f

dclar z

â ~f

da }a

â ~f

}r }~pdc

W 5$5?Rld ifa ~a ~f }d mdc

â ~f caef mgl i k} ldl }lg ge ~a ~f }d mdc k dcpqd dld

rl} wadli mf dldc ld gl }~fdc up }~dl caef mgl z |} mpq} glf zeq)

dl ca

hlgl ldc$ â ~f caefmglnef ck?

â ~f iegld? ~a ~f g iaduped d up }~dl dl caz rld }gl

}d mdc) rldc d zeq zd upq} dl}a }~ ge dcd ldc


23/117

53

â ~f nf k? ~a ~f rl} wadl } gg }apglpd k nf dl

kg glf zeq) ifa }awd k nf) gl }l k nf

â ~f dclar z? ~a ~f iaduped d gdc }g upd i hlfd zeq z

lf} dc glf zeq) nef ck g zag w mdc l }ldc |r ldc ~a ~f z

h

}lp} | i gg hlfd zeq g zd $

â ~f medl kg i ~a ~f }d mdc k dcpqd dld rl} wadli mf dldc

ld gl }~fdc upd i medl kg glf zeq ge dcd ldc) g rld }ldl?

â ~f da }a? \p} rl} } g ak lf} dc z w mdc zd ge

hlgl ldc zeq zd) idl zg hadl }$

â ~f }r }~pdc? â ~f mf dcd ldc }r }~pdc glf zeq up dlap zf

k} whlgl ldc) k} dcdl hadl } lfg }~fdc gdc k} zdc e i dl}

dl

lfg gdc k} ifa ldl glf zeq g ~a ~f gef$

5$>$7$ g ak ge ~a ~f }d mdc?

gl dc rldc dce ~a ~f }d mdc g lap up) dld na} gg

g ak ge ~a ~f }d mdc ~} gd }la} z lp gl$ â ~f }d mdc g

dldc g

ak g nd wep?

â ~f }d mdc kedc }dl cad }ar? ]~fdc uped l }d mdc) dcd

ldc glpqd caefupqd w mdc zd glf hlgl ldc$ â ~f }d mdc |q ~e hla

hlgl ldc cr dldc }d }l} z }l} na }~fdc up }~dl w mdc zd8 leq

da ggl hlg dldc ~a ~f }~fdc lf} dc hadl mfedl ge hlgl ldc idcpqd

dld gl

qp cq dd ~a ~f }d mdc ge dcd ldc$

â ~f }d mdc g }dl gl} e mdc z rlg }r? g ak dq

nap lad w e mdc) rlg }r ge dcpqd dld) ldl }lg) lp up ge ~a

~f }d mdc mf g }~dc dcd ldc i}~pdc caed}agldl hadl mfedl }ad }$ Mf

hla rldc dce z | i ~a ~f }d mdc rla gl d ka mp lap ~a ~f)|p} rl} } dcpqd dld nd gl} z lp up mf ~a ~f }d mdc `k ia

g nad rlr

rldc dce rl lr$


24/117

5< ^a ~f }d mdc g }dl }} qp }g ipd }d }a z cd iad za

lf} dc }d mdc ge dcd ldc }ldc ka? ]dl }~dc }ldc }ad n} gd

|dc ik glf dcd ldc hldc }l dk n} g gg mp lap ~a ~f k}

ggl }fd


25/117

5$=$ Dldc gd g gl qp |g dlkg ~a ~f }d mdc?

]ldc }ldc dl ca gl} idc }d mdc ge DL]K dca}e}ldc

mdc gl}apd up ld ,DUL! z h} up rld ifa d$

5$>$=$5$ Dup ld?

D up ld idldc hlfd }d mdc hldc lfd }~ dc ld) hldc

g rlr z hldc }apglpd g cae ld d$

M d up ld

L wd up ld ; | 522%

]dc m d

k nf upd i gl} gl) gg DL]K }ldc glae d up ld

}ldl gg dlk wep?

Dup ld d 5$ Rld ifad?]l`f Upq} dlw=17&>220&U+DLDD dcq >>&2=&>220 z Upq} dlw

5223&U+DLDD dcq >0&2=&>223 ge ]ldc g DLDD }l ]G]M }lg lad

rld ifa d }ldl 0 dlk dl wep?

Dlk 5 ,D }apglpd! nef ck

Gg hlfd d }~fdc ld z ]G]M dl ca g hl ddc }lp la

q g cg z iadc ld8


26/117

51

Gg hlfd d up ld ma 52 dcq z ]G]M dl ca i g hl

ddc }lp la q cg z ia n up ld z }lp la q cg z

ia dc }la ld gd ia$

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Dlk > ,D gd gl ! nef ck

Gg hlfd d up ld } 52 d 12 dcq8

Gg hlfd d ap gldl h ld id p

Gg hlfd d hlg g rld zf dlk > }l f upq dl

Dlk 7 ,D ma}apglpd! nef ck?

Gg hlfd d up ld } 15 dcq d 5


27/117

>2

Gg hlfd d g gp ia }la ld }~ d id }l ne }~ id

Gg hlfd d hlfedl) d gl | i

Gg hlfd d hlg g rld zf dlk dk }l`f upqdl$

Nd gdl ) upq dl dq gdc dp ~) }la caed }l }lgl }ldc

ldc d ,z m } dlk > iddlk 5! i : }ldc a za hlfd d }~pdc ma

ld z 7 }ldc a za hlfd d dcd ld h } dcq hlgl ldc }~ q

cg z iage hlfd zeq n up ld lfg hlfd d g g gp ia }la ld }~

d$ Z }fd n m d ge hlgl ldc }a gg ]G]M g rld zf gdc k}

dlk d$ Z m? Hlgl ldc g leahlfd d }~ id }a gg ]G]M k g n} g

k} hlfd d df g rld zf dlk g ~a ~f gef ld gg hlfd d gd ia

}l }fd n gg hlfd d gd ia ge hlgl ldc rla g ]G]M rld zf

dlk d g ~a ~f gef

dl} $

D |p ,leq gg }d ca hlg dl d g zd ) d hl a! igghlfd

d }lpg gg dlk 7) = z 0 z g gg g }~dc wep?

Hlgl ldc hldc }lg lad dcle z }~ d za dcd ldc hla gg

gek h} dq d ld$

]dl ldl }agldl ge hlgl ldc edc g glap ldc |p md d g

hl ddc dcd ldc hldc }lp g q cg z ia$

]awd k nf g dl caica }~ rl} kahldc }~edc }~a d

cg z ia$

]ldc }ldc i dldc hlfdd

hlfd d up ld }~d 12 dcq$

g cae ld d) lfg dldc

K} } glg }d mdc g } i d |p ma 0% g gfa i dk }~fdc

caa ld glf rlr) hla } i d |p z} up } i 0% }l } glg gd rla

|`k |})

~ wf} ia medl kg p } ge kdl k} ggl q ) gl }a} z }ld }~dcld$

5$>$0$ Dcpqd dld md d ~a ~f }d mdc?

Hadl mfedl dcd ldc i hadl mfedl ~a ~f leq da ggl hlg lf} dc


28/117

>5dcd ldc ipd rla a mad za ~a ~f$ Z zq) dld mad dldc dcpqd dld

cq ~e


29/117


30/117

>>

dl ca}awd hldc gldl |g8 hldc }lg lad q gg }l }g

rlr i gd }la}8 lfg hldc k nf gg dcpqd }g ge }awd k nf i

m dlca8 m glpqd dldc upqd w lp8 m }ap }l$

]k ia) gg dcpqd dld cq ~e ~a ~f }d mdc ~} e mdc) g

dldc dcpqd dld hlgl uped z dldc dcpqd dld mf gl }l }lek cae

uped l }d mdc$ Dldc dcpqd dld gl uped) mf gg gl }l g dl ldc

~} id d gl} idc }d mdc z dcd ldc g }l hak wf} g dp g

dldc nad rlr

}lgl lr$

5$>$:$ Lp up ge ~a ~f ~d mdc?

^a ~f }d mdc ipd }ak d }~fdc hadl mfedl dcd ldc z cq ~e

dldc lp up dclak }~dc) dl ldc dlap k} d a wdc hadl } + |

la ge

ka upg cae)}lk gl g }l ied ~dc }~d rlk za }fd gp$

a za dcd ldc n ~a ~f?

Mf hldc }lp la g d ,cg) iaz gg ifa rl! ikglf dcpd zd

dcd ldc n }l} }lf}) }~fdc hla dcd ldc zd rla gla }~ }ad iaglf dcpd

zd lf} dc) ikglf ia dlpd n cak w}) }lk gl dp }~k }~dc ld

}l g }l n rl wd$

a za l }ldc dcd ldc?

Lf} dc ge k} dcd ldc }~fdc k} upg cae g iad uped d l

}ldc dcd ldc z gg } glg hadl }) | la z g dld }~fdc dd hadl }$

Mf zq dp k} dcd ldc g h} up lf} dc |p) }lk gl md d k}

hl ddc }ledl }fd z rl wd }l w g dldc }g dc mq glpqd dl ldc

|p gg dcd ldc z gg n rld hadl } hlg$ Dp hldc g w ged }lar hr

}la ge DLDD z Gldl rl }l }k i w k} }ad w iq ied d }fd n

dca ca }ad z l w dc if} ~} }ad }a gg DL]K ik glf gg dcd

ldc hlg z ldl glpdc gdc ~a zf }dl }~dc k} hl ddc }ledl }fd$

a za dd hadl }?

Dcd ldc g ka uped l gl} gl za dd hadl }) ihdl }lp l} z

nk }ad glf dd hadl }) z zq ~a ~f }d mdc cq dd w rl wd k} dcd


31/117

>7ldc w


32/117

>7

ikglf dd hadl } n ~a ifd) lf} dc hadl } n k} d dl z dcdc

}~) k} ndl d z uped l gpdc gp) ik rl}) }l} dclar) } dd | la cae

}dc) }dl ldl ed dadlgldl }~ n} d

]~fdc uped l hadl } a dcfa?

Ik dl ldc d z }l z ldl dl ge l }ldc dcd ldc }a

gldl upg caegdc dl }fd n dd hadl } ge upg cae $

]k ia) ~a ~f }d mdc ge k} dcd ldc |q ~e wcq dl ldc

gg kg hlg dlep? Dl dl} idcd ldc n cak ia dlpd hla rla }~gl

ir m rldc) hldc }lp la g iaglf zeq) ddc dl} hla dcd ldc hldc

}lp g zd cg z iazeq) d }l} }lp za } i gef md d dcd ldc n i

z k} zd$ Dp }dl }~dc dq hf mahldc hlg rlg g) dcd ldc w n

rl wd) cq lp up dclak }~dc glf dd hadl } da glpdc z l }ldc dcd

ldc da ~adc$ Gldl z zq a la gg dl upd }~ dcd ldc rla l} wg

}ld }~dc z g

dldc nad rlr }lgl lr dlk cak }lap ~a ~f }~fdc glf zeq$

5$7$ UPD ]^ ^A ^F ]D MDC?

5$7$5$ Dldc nap lad gl qp z dldc hlfdglf zeq g zd

z gldl wgl glf zeq hk lap up?

Gg mp lap dld na} k}

hlfdglf zeq g zd

Gg mp lap dld na} gldl wgl glf

zeq hk hap up gedcd ldc

]ledl }fd }ad zeq hldc

dc h lfgl

W dl ca hldc gldl |g z

~a ~f ge hlgl ldc

H ld ge hlfd glf zeq

n }leq a iad }g$

Glf zeq me }~d gg w had |q

~e n} }ldc g }l |q ~e }~fdc }dc

iea

Qp gp cae ld d hk

lap up ,zd cg }~g ka id

cae ld hldc cak dc h!

Glf zeq mf hlgl ldc le mpq }~

k} hlfd }ad ca id$

Ia wp} gef n} }ldc

,g cdc n r ~a ~f gef!

Hldc |g dl ~ h lfgl lfd

}~ a za }dc hlfd glf zeq


33/117

>=

W }gl } n} }ldc ge

gg hlfd rla }lp z&lfg ldc

}d hlf ge hlgl ldc$

Gpdc gr }d mdc id glf gg

hlgl ldc hldc }lpg hlp zg }l

}~dc ge dcd ldc

] i ,d nq! d }~dzd g rld }dc

L w }d mdc hldc q

]l} ig gg }a iap ,g

na} i gg nf gf }a gldl

ge dcd ldc!$

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}ldl zad }~fdc da n dcd ldc ,dld

zad)cak g leq gg g dc!$

]awd }l glr hldc

}ap glpd$

G hlpqdl ldc gdl }~edl }dc

}la up ,gr gg hlfd }d mdc glf

hlgl ldc l hldc }a dcd ldc

hlg m hlfd glf zeq wg zd !$

]~dc gl zag dc caia

}awd wd rlk }dc zd gl w

lp

Glf zeq }a }~ gg lf} dc

p g$

Hldc g gg nf gf leq

m fd z mdc }ad

]lap dlq gk a za ka

}~dc hadl } g }leq a

Zag }~dc gl ge hlgl

ldc zf gg dcpd zd n}

}ldc r dc dcle z }ledl

}fd ,z m? nd gg }e dl gef g

leq }~edc }la} n!$

5$7$>$ Gg k ldl rld }gl) dl ca ~a ~f }d mdc?

Gg dl hadl }) gg dl rld }gl w mdc dlap k ldl hlg dlep

dl ca ~a ~f }d mdc$ Gg k ldl dq ~} e mdc nef ck gg k ldl

dl idcz k ldl dl}dl$ Gg k ldl dq hldc ifa }~ id dlep dd gg

dcd ldc g }l w mdc dlap k ldl rld }gl) dl cakg ~a ~f }d

mdcge hlgl ldc$

5$7$>$5$ K ldl dl}dl z ~a~f }d mdc


34/117

>0

Hla g g }ldc }ad z hlgl ldc zeq zd) GN]M gd rld }gl

dldc zd }la} qp g }l ~e upq} dlglf zeq lr i dl wep?

Rlri

Pq }d

Ddc

ig}~ d

Kg gl ]l }g zeq

Ddc ig

}f ia ]awd

k nf

Ka}~dc

K ldl 5$5?Rld }gl }d mdc

Gg qp } dl}dl? GN]M gd rld }gl 0 qp } wep?

Ddc ig rlr i? GN]M rla dl ca }dl }~dc rlr i hlgl ldc

Me }~d gg n caq } hlg dlep ,Upq} dl}ldl ir gdc }q) caq rlr hadl

mfedl) upq} dl n dlak cak g z h }fd }~dc) cak g rla g }

ggl dl

k} g dld ndl }ldc$!

Pq }d? I }la ) irlk gl} ge dcazeq$ ]ldc }ldc pq }d

}l }lad ne gr ng? Wd idc }~ d) kfdc kpd }~ d) had upq} }~ d$Pq }d igand }~fdc) dl ca pq }d ge dcazeq) GN]M gd }ldc upe

gg nap lad nd dcfa ~a me zf uped l nad gldc za gand }~fdc h}

ipd ga


35/117

>:

nd }~fdc$ G }l i igl w zeq d ge hlgl ldc) medl }adc&m ipd) h} up

rldc zd }~g }ar ,q igd g gldl |g dl}!$

Kggl zeq? GN]M gd |`k |} kg gl zeq ge dcazeq g }le

kd lea qp } lr i z lr rlr leq hldc$ ]dl lr i irl lr za caq

rlr hadl mfedl$ ]dl lr rlr i dcdl dcl

dclak gk$

hadl mfedl hldc n rlr ip}

Ddc ig }f ia dlpd? Dcazeq rla g had }lg z hadl }) rla

g hadl dclak}~fdc idl zg hadl mfedl) rla r dc gg glw }f ia dlpd

,}d w }f ia dlpd gef leq }lr) }wp} ia dlpd z zdc upeq zd id ld

lfg

ndc }~pdc ndl dcdl!

Ka}~dc hadl mfedl? GN]M gd dk ~ gg }ldc }ad wep? Kg m

nf ik rl}8 gg nad dc hadl }) gldl }~) | la8 |p ldc }dc }~dc ge

dcdl

Gg qp } dl idc?

Dcpd}~ d ge hlgl ldc? GN]M gd |`k |} }dl gd }la}) }dl

lap up) }dl hl }la) rldc d h }lp}) }ad m }lg lad ge rldc d

zeq$ Nd gdl GN]M gd rla dl cadcpd }~ d }ldc upe ddc ig }a

gldl dcfarldc d ge hlgl ldc$

]awd k nf? GN]M gd |`k |} gg }apglpd z }awd dl?

]a wd rla ge dcazeq) g ca }~) g }l }~dc }~fdc }dc iea) rla g

zd }l

glpqd dldc upqd w lp }awd glf dcd ldc }~fdc }la caed zeq

Dcfa~e) GN]M gd g }l rld }gl }d mdc gd g }l`f }apglpd :G?

]ggl dcazeq ,Gle~eg} ~!? GN]M rla glg gld ~dc dcazeq g

kg gl }d mdc ~ ~dc z g }lad gl dclakgldl }~ d hla d ld$

Ddc ig ge dcazeq ,Gerega}q!? Dca a zeq rla g ddc ig rlr

i z ddc ig ldl za md w m h h} lr dc }d mdc$

]lp dlr ge dca zeq ,Gewljifs!?\g dl dcpd }~ d ge

hlgl ldc zeq) dcazeq g hl ddc }~ d leq hldc$


36/117

>3

Nf k }ad zeq ,Gfiie}`~ei!?I dcpd }lp }l lea g }l mdc }~

d zeq glf dcd ldc$

Gg ap had ,Gfdma}afdw!?Dcd ldc upq dl gg ap had }q }l`f

gldl wgl }d mdc }dc }la h$

Hakwf} ,Gfd}~fi!?dl cadldc dl ldc mf w }leq a ge ip}

rlr) upq gl lf} dc) hl ddc hlgl ldc r dc gg }ap glpd ge

dcd ldc$

Zag w mdc k ldl dq }dc a d cad) wfdc ld gl ge k

ldl dq id rl }lpg zf kg gldl |g ge dcpd }ldc }ad }lp }lr)

hl ddc m nf gdc dl }~dl rld }gl) dl cage GN]M$

5$7$>$>$ Gg k ldl idc le ~a~f }d mdc?

Lad deq) lp l} gg dcd ldc p }ar gd rldc rlr dl ca ~a

~f lad a ld) i idc le ~a ~f }d mdc$ Wep q i k} w k ldl

idc le ~a ~f }d mdc }ldc g w mdc dlap dl}?

K ldl akw _?

K ldl dq rl }lpg zf?Glwgg qp } }agldl ge dcazeq \8

]k uped }~dc ge gg glwdq }~fdc zag |g dl|g wp} z d

ge dcazeq }~fdc up hl) k ldl g k } dl wep?

_ ; 5)>\5 ( 5)=\> ( 7)7\7 ( 2):\= ( 5)2 \0 ,5!

]~fdc ?

\5? ] wzd ip dc ~dc&}dc }awd$

\>? ] wiadlpd }gl iq&}dc}awd$

\7? ] wiadlpd }~g }lp z ia&}dc}awd$

\=? ] w}lca g rlap&ca }~ cla wge d mald

\0? ] wmfedl}lp&}dc }awd$


37/117

>1

K ldl dq }ldc w mdc 3 5> ldc kg) ka ldc kg g

glf ak } 5 52$

p ak?

K ldl ifa n g w rld |} gl dc }~fdc up }~dl glf zeq zcak dc h }la caed~e upq} dl }d mdc$

Dlg ak?

K ldl hldc }l } ap gldl k} ggl dledl gldc }lgl dc za

dldc }leq a }~fdc dd hadl } z gpg wdc cae dl$

5$=$ R MDC GG K LDL UPD ]^ ^A ^F ]D MDC ]A GG

DL]K ZA] DEK?

Z ka k ldl upd }~ ~a ~f }d mdc p g dldc p z dlg

ak) k} hlg gg k ldl deq hldc ifa }~ id dlep) dd }ldc }ldc gg

dcd ldc }ldc h} lr w mdc dlap k ldl rld }gl dl ca kg

~a ~f }d mdc$ ]~fdc ap had }lg } Za} Dek) gg dcd ldc }ldc

w mdc k ldl dl }dl dl ca hlfd zeq } hlp }lk dl d zag

upd i) }l`fma) hak }~e z cakw} gg hlfd d zeq$

Qp } 5? ]lk dlglf zeq? Dld glpdc gg dcd ldc p g upqdl

z upq }~dl }lk dlhlfd zeq nef ck gg qp } g nd wep q?

]lk dl }dl rlr i? Hak }~e } ggl rlr dld) ddc ig rlr

ip} ge hlgl ldc zeq) l w zeq zd) hak }~e kg gl zeq zdge hlgl ldc g lr rlr hldc$

]lk }~e pq }d ge hlgl ldc zeq zd) ddc ig upd i ap

ldl ge hlgl ldc leq i ned upd i mfedl dclar? z rlk

gl} f g) }lad gl) pq }d }~fdc caef mgl) ddc ig upd i

ap ldl) l

}ldc hak }~e hak wf} da n

]lk }~e z hl ddc }agldl) ddc ig lf} dc? }ldc upe gg

glw dl hl ddc }ledl }fd) } }~dc zd } g) zdc upeq ldc

}d hlf) lap wp}w mdc }awd) } wp} ia dlpd


39/117

72

]lk }~e z }dl lap up ge rldc d zeq zd? z hl ddc

}lg lad rldc d hadl mfedl) dcpd gpdc gr dcpqd z}

iap) }l }~dc }ap }l) z dcpd zd }a }~ glf rldc d) z

zd zeq } dcd ldc g lr i hldc

]lk }~e z dcpd }~ d? hlgl ldc m had mdc dldc dcpd }lp

df }ledl }fd d cg z ia)gg dcpd }lp dq g d dl hldc

]lk }~e z }awd }l glr hlfd zeq? }awd }l glr g }lpg w

lp lr rlr ge dca zeq hldc) g m glpqd dldc) m

nd hldc) g n lef kd z ldl hldc

Qp } >? Hak }~e }d mdc? gg dcd ldc lp l} p g upq }~dl

}d mdc ~adc hak }~e }d mdc) }pq dladdldc dcpqd i glpdc dl} edc

g

r mdc }a lp l} gg dcd ldc i?

]ad ldl hak }~e }} g gg ifa }d mdc }l`f dl h dl} dl$

\q mdc h lfgl) gldc }~dl) da mpdc up }~dl hak }~e k} ggl

}ld }~dc z gla }a}) k nf ~dc dldc hle gdl uped }~dc ge ka

hlfd

}d mdc p g hak }~e) nef ck?

H lfgl }~ d ge hlgl ldc dlk k nf }~ d dc ld$

Gl} idcz ap had ge }awd k nf$

]dl q z lr i ge lr dc }d mdc) k nf }dl lr rlr

w lp gg }awd hla dcazeq hldc }~ g d$dl ca ap had }agldl z dldc h lfgl hadl mfedl ge dca

zeq) }~d g w |`k |} ia dlp gp }d mdc$

dl ca|`k hlfd }d mdc g }pd }l gldl wgl glf zeq ge dcd

ldc$

Hak }~e }ldc |pqd gg hlfd }d mdc id$ Z gldc g

ldc ~} id }dl }~dc }agldl ge dcd ldc$

dl

Upd i }ldc |pqd) gl} gl gg hlfd }d mdc g zd )

}dc gdc hak }~e) cakw} hla rl} lad dldc mp lap |p iad


40/117

75uped d hlfd zeq$


41/117

75

]dc gdc gdc }g hak }~e hlfd }d mdc hla dd hadl } g

dlap ldc a |pdc) lfg dldc dcdl dcl glf zeq g nap lad

dclak }~dc }~fdc rl} }~ad$

]k ia) g }l hak wf} g ~a ~f }d mdc) }l glg ddc glf

zeq ge dcd ldc rla g }lg lad k} ggl gl} gl dlk }pd }l gldl

wgl z }lg ldl }d mdc ge dcd ldc$ Dcfa ~e) hak wf} ~a ~f }d

mdc) gg dcd ldc }ldc |q mdc k} gldlwgl }d mdcz upq }~dl

dclar z gr

}d mdc$

Qp } 7? \ i }d mdc? Hla k} hlfd }d mdc }~ dd g zd )

}l gd d w | i dclar z ge gd n dcd ldc$ Gd n dcd ldc rla

}k ~e g dcpqd dld ge }d mdc g zd z lr }g gdc hlgl ldc

}k ~e

caa rlr dcd ldc }lp la zd$

Gg glpqd caee ~e gg caa rlr }lp la dldc hlfd }d mdc g

zd dl wep?

]d mdc }a e gg g la }lp la d$

Hld }~dc hlk rl z nf gf hr }la zd }lg gl} iaduped

d }d mdc$

]gl glg ddc glf zeq z | i }d mdc ~e ~adc na} dlk }~dl

|pdc } g }l |q ~e za uped ak ge GN]M }~g }ar glf zeq$

M }dl dldc dcpd g }l mdc }lp la d g zd $

Gd |`k }~dc gl} idc)ddc ig z w dl} upd }~fdc upd i)

dc }la }~g }ar }ad ldl hlf w} gg lf} dc z gg }awd

ge mfedl dclar$

Rla gd dlg ka rldc d g }l lfd }ldl zag }lp la d

g zd ) nef ck g zag }le }lpd cae ld }k }la dp hlgl

ldc gl cr hl hld }~g k}$ Gg hl ddc hlg i g }l n

wpdc }a wd k nf) qp gp g nf idlge nd }l ne


42/117

7>

H} ipd gldc 5

^a ~f }d mdc }~fdc dcd ldc g }dl }} qp hlgl uped) hldc }l

}~dl hla$ Z }l) gg dcd ldc gl g }l hak wf}) cak }lap) ld gl ~a

~f }d mdc k} kg }lr dl} g }l glr dld g$ G w i }lpq} }~fdc

gldc

5 hlaup} gg zd g nd z ~a ~f }d mdc gdc dl gr d gg

k ldl z nad rlr k nf cak }lap ~a ~f }d mdc) ik g w glf gggldc }ar }l`f$


43/117

77

>$5$ ]DC UPED Z DCD LDC ]KGR DEK ZA]?

>$5$5$ Iglwldl }ldl z rl} }~ad?

]ad }ld ge dcd ldc ]KGR Dek Za} idcd ldc ]KGR ddc }ld

HadCaedc }lpg }dl HadCaedc) }ldl ir dk 5110 za zd ap i i 7 }

dc$ Za ak |p} rl} i dcd ldc }ldc ka ddc }ld dd lf} dc

gldl ge dcd ldc }r }~pdc gl qp za }d mdc ddc dclar mdl glf

gg hlgl ldc iddc cae}~d }fd }dl HadCaedc$

d dk >22=) zd ap i glgd 5$0 }) d up ld dcq gdc id) dcd

ldc g dcpq g rl wd z rla }~fdc }k hak wf} g na}$

Wep gg mfedl dclar id dl }r fd m} keq Za} Dek) Gdc }q

g rld iad lar zd glpqd C`kem`r}) Gdc }q g rld hlp gdc dclar]d

]f) Gdc }q g rld rl} }~ad }l Hadl Ng }lek cae p }$ d dk

>220) dcd ldc ka hla rlg z n} p g ia$ Dk >22:) g w glr

}lpd ge dcd ldc Dl Dg Za} Dek) dcd ldc glpqd a k ldl

lf} dc }

dcd ldc ]KGR ddc }ld }ldl dcd ldc ]KGR }l$

]d q ? Dcd ldc ]ldc ka G rld Dek Za}


44/117

]d caefmglupg }? Dek Za`}Gfkk`~gaeiOfad}W}fgh Nedh

]d ca }}? DEZANEDH

La w? 7=7 Rlk Dc If) Upd 5) ]R$L Gl Kadl

ad }lfa? ,25: >5:

Je|? ,2 37222 } dc$ ]~fdc ka }~dc gdl }~edl dl lad deq) d

p |p }l la dlr hadl } upg }) Dezanedh |g dl ka dld glad ig

iddc gef ddc ig hadlmfedl ge kdl }ldc upe ddc ig }agldl) gdc dcl}ldc }ad z }lg lad }} gdc }g upd }~ ~a ~f$ Nd gdl ) zag }r }~pdc p

} dclad gp rl} }~ad) dc mdc }~a} gdc dcl }ldc }ad zf zag ddc

gef }dl }ad gl glf gg wd rlk mgl z }agldl ge dcd ldc gdc g

uped }k k} ggl g na}$

W rl} }~ad d dlz nd zdc ge k} } glg glg }l g g

dp } glg }f mdc g pq }d z idc }ad a za gdc gldc$ }lg g

ap dq) }fd n gg kdc lf} dc dclar z ge Dezanedh p g

glpd le }~d g w gg glpd kg upg } }ldc upe zag }~ad hlea zd

mdc L }ldc upd }~ dcd ldc g} ia ,gf~` nedhadc! Kag~fnedh$ Za l

}ldc dq) Dezanedh wd wdc gpdc gr glf hlgl ldc gg wd rlk mgl z

gldl |g) ed }fd) dledl gldc z lap up$ Dezanedh } lf i ak }e }a

gldl zdc glg l }~ up hlgl ldc ge kdl } g dldc }ldl gdc

dcq gdc ~g ~ ld }~fdc gpgwdc$

>$5$>$ Idl zg hadl mfedl?
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45/117

70

Lpq dc zd ge gg } glg z g dld }lpg gg }ldl rld hadl })

ma ka ldl }lg) }ar dld dcpd zd p }lg p } z rl} }~ad ge gg

} glg) g dld }~fdc z dcfadg) zeq zd ge Dcd ldc Dl Dg ,DLDD!

z gg } glg }d mdc hlg$

Glf zeq gg } glg z g dld ma gg ldl }lg glf zeq) gla} hlp

}ldc rlap z caq } g cahlg) nf idl)glf }lp }agldl z gg ldl

}lg

hlg }l`f upq dlge DLDD$

Gpdc gr gg mgl z }ledl }fd z dcd up ma gg ldl }lggpdc

dc gg rldc }ad }ledl }fd) mgl z }ledl }fd }~fdc dg) mgl z }ledl }fdupg } hla g DLDD glf rlr) mgl z }lp l) gla l) mgl z dcd up$

]lg lad gg lf} dc hadl mfedl dl cr zd) kpe grld) iad

mfedl }l`f upq dl ge rlr ip}) }lek cae }l }~dc }ad }) hadl mfedl

dcfa la z zdc$

>$5$7$Kg}ap gladig ge Dezanedh?

Kg }ap lf} dc ge dcd ldc idlk kedc ia ia dlpd glf ggg dc) }f ~e zag ik d dlglf dcaiefdc) }lg lad dcle z a za

dcd wgl Dl dg) }lg lad gg gldl wgl hadl } | la ge dl dg) cr

rld

zf gdc gpg gdc dclarle) lad a le } dg$

Dezanedh dlldc }~ }ldl k} }~fdc dldc dcd ldc }ldc ka nd

i ldc p ge Za} Dek) lf} dc e ddc za wd rlk e mdc) gl}

idc mgl z gef) kdc ia hdl rld rla ~dc me }~d dd }dc k ldl }

glg z upd i }l`f glpd kg upg }) gdc dcl }ldc }ad lad a) gdc

dcl dcd

ldc }ad}ad$

>$5$=$ Rldc }lg lf} dc?

]~fdc na gdl la dlr hadl } upg }) } mf le }agldl edc mad ~e

kdl k) Dezanedh ldc d lad a le gdcdcl

dcd ldc dledl

gldc }ar gd z rl} }~ad gg mgl z dcd ldc }ldc ka lad a e

ddc) }dc gdc gdc }g upd i ~a ~f dlk r dc gg }apglpd upg } z


46/117

7:

Lpq dc zd ge gg } glg z g dld }lpg gg }ldl rld hadl })

l wed }fd }d mdc) ddc gef lap up hadl mfedl gdc dl ddc ig gdl }~edl$

Dldc dk ze upe) Dezanedh g dldc }ad n z} ng }~fdc zag g gp


47/117

7:

ia } glg z lf} dc a a za zag lad a le gdc dcl dcd ldc$

Za wg kdl da ig g }gl } z rl} }~ad upe dlap dk lf} dc

gdc }adl }ld upq} }k ge }r }l idl f z gd n dld zad)gldc }a }

}ad g }l z} upe ka }lgl }lg }~ }ldl dcd ldc nd i ldc p Za}

Dek$

Dezanedh gl }~dc q kdl gdc }g lpq dc zd za dlap ldl

}lg rlfdc rl) gl qp lpq dc zd }~pdc ma ld }~fdc md g }f

dcpd glf zeq) r dc hr }la dlp gp zd ge gg }ldl rld hadl } }~d

rlk za g

dg$

Dezanedh ldc d rl} }~ad nd zdc z dledl gldc kdc ialf} dc }a gg }dl }ldl id }~fdc g dg) kg }ap glak idl }l rld }a

7 e

nd }~dc ak dl ]R$L Da) ]R$L Gl Kadl z ]R$ Ddc$

Dezanedh }r }~pdc rl} }~ad wd rlk }l ,E]K z }l }ledl }fd!

}ldc upe zag dcladgp cae}dc dldc }ad gl ge }l dl }ledl }fd) glpqd

hlfdz gg caefmgl }ad gl hlg)dlk ddc gef gl} idcrlg z hlgl ldc$

Dezanedh w}dc gdc }k hak z }lp l} gg g dc id glad ig

i gg } glg hadl } g zd p } id) }ak ig }agldl kdl) wg ddc

zd

ap i dcd ldc$

Dezanedh ipd uped }k ddc gef gl} idc rlg z hlgl ldc }ldc

upe zag }k lap dlp gp) h zdc ge ka a }dc hlgl ldc e ~e gg

caa rlr glk wg lp lap) }le kd gef dl} gg dlp gp lr i ge hlgl

ldc

}~fdc hl ddc glf rlr ge kdl$

>$5$0$ G gp } glg n kq upd i ge Dezanedh?

>$5$0$5$ W }glg?


48/117

73

W >$5? G gp } glgn kq upd i ge DEZANEDH

>$5$0$>$ Glg ddc) dlakzgegg rl dcned?

Rldc uped l hlgl ldc? g glg ddc }la} ir) hlea}lg z rl} }~ad

uped l }fd mad za dlk hlgl ldc }dc dc gpdc dc }} g gg wd

rlk mgl z glf hlgl ldc$

Rldc uped l dl gl }agldl z hadl mfedl }ad }? g glg ddc

}la} ir) hlea}lg z rl} }~ad uped l }fd mad za gg dl gl }agldl dcd

ldc z rla dcd ldc }~fdc z dcfa dg$

Rldc h lfgl }ar }l?


49/117

7 dlk hlgl ldc i mfedl dclar z dl gl }agldl$


50/117

>$5$:$ Gg wd rlk z mgl z }d mdc gpdc grgldl?

>$5$:$5$ Wdrlk}d mdcmdl glf hlgl ldc g dld) l cae dl?

Glf zeq kpe |` }

Glf zeq kpe n} dc wd

Glf zeq |q mdc) we gle dl

Glf zeq n wpdc zd ip dc wd |p} hadl mfedl

Glf zeq kpe wkkq kg }la} n) p } dl |dc

Glf zeq }~pdc ld n wpdc zd wd |p} hadl mfedl

Glf zeq }ap mdc Glf zeq mp lg

Glf zeq gk g w }a} hak) gldc gl }ad ca

Glf zeq kpe |` cd kq }~ cr

>$5$:$>$ Wdrlk}d mdcmdl glf hlgl ldc mfedl dclar?

Glf zeq n wpdc zd ip dc

]a }~ dlr hlp ldc lf) dcpqd z} iap

]a }~ wd |p}) caegdc ldc |p} hlp

Glf zeq p } }awd g dl

Glf zeq }lg lad m d dl ) }

Cawd rlk }d mdc mdl glf mfedl dclar hadlmfedl |` }

Glf zeq p } |` } a za gg mfedl dclar zd }a

>$5$3$ ]g dc gewpq}lfa hadl } a za Dezanedh?

Dk >22< h} }lg za dlap nad dc rlg }r) hl idc z g

dl ca i k} dk g na} hl hld a za hadl } }l caa da glpdc z

hadl } Za} Dek da ~adc$ \p} rl} } dldc n} d ge }l }~dc dl z

lf} dc glf zeq ma glpd) ldc if} gg dcd ldc z gg }r fd id ge

Lfe H ~a zf }dl }~dc k} hl ddc }ledl }fd z rl wd$ Hldc lfdc }a

gldl n} p }a Lfe H) ied ~dc wedc hlp zg Glp p ~a dl ldc d

}fd }l caa$


51/117

=2

Za} Dek }pq gle la dlr wp ~dc zf dd hadl } }l caa dldc }l

}~dc }~fdc dg zd n wg r hl id } gpg hldc lfdc }agldl }l lad

upe zag w} cak dclak }~dc hak dcgl |p} dlr hlp) zag caa dcd

mdc

zd p } dg dcfa cr dlap hl hld) gd gd }ledl }fd k} gd a

dclak }~dc) glwca }apmdc }dc gef) }l }~dc n} dc wd z gldc

hlfd dc ndc ]~fdc na gdl ) Gldl rl k g }l i Dcd ldc

Dl dg Za} Dek g gg caa rlr dlk hak gl ik rl}) hak wf} }l

}~dc }a gldl }~fdc dg dl cae }dc } i m }~ n} npg) upq dl ia

wp} }~d) npg gg dcd ldc }ldc ka kpe }d rlap n} npg ]} g

dldc gldl wgl dq } gg dcd ldc }ldc ka }~fdc dg zf }dl

}l l} wg hl hld hla rla }lek cae gpg pe ia wp} k nf hl

ddc }ledl hlfd) ia ze rla a k} za dcpq g hldc lfdc d |p mf

hlgl ldc k} hl ddc }ledl }fd

]~fdc }dl ldl ) zag }lg lad h lfgl hadl mfedl ge Dcd ldc

]KGR Dek Za} n dl ldc dclak }~dc na dldc hl hld glpdc ge

dd hadl }$ ]l} zq) }~fdc dk >22221) dd hadl } Za} Dek }ar }g glp dl ldc ge

gpg hldc lfdc hadl } }fd gp) }dl ldl hadl } zd gd dlap hl hld

dl ldc dc h d }dl ldl lf} dc hadl mfedl ge Dcd ldc$

Dcfa~e) za zag hldc lfd }ldl h lfgl }dc zd dl m had } 5222 }

id>222 } gdc dl ldc d zag }lg lad gg h lfgl g ala dc g dc dk >22< }ldc upe$

]pq h} up }lg lad gd hl hlak }d dldc upe h} up hadl mfedl

} g glf }lq La dc upd }~ ,LU]!) Ned ap ldl z }fd n gd

n gdc dld zad g cdc d ig ~} id$ ]ldl gdc id dl} ge dcd

ldc }~fdc dk >221 i z} upe hldc lfdc g }l }ar }g rl}

}~ad nd zdc }~fdc dldc dk }ar }l`f$

Dcfa~e) }~fdc dk >221 Dcd ldc lfd }} zag ap gldlkdc ia

}~d g w ddc gr 3 rldc caefmgl}ldl 3 gla dldl ka z e zf lf}

dc


52/117

=5

}a gg end ]le ]lad Lp) Ndl Mdc)dc Dea)N ~e Zdc }p)dc

Dea) Ifdc Ed z Ng Dadl8 ddc kdc ia ak caef mgl } gla dldl z :3 Rldc caef mgl$

>$>$ ]LG ]^DC LF] DC HADL MFEDL GE DCD LDC ]KGRDEK ZA]?

>$>$5$ Lf} dc lpq dc zd?

]~fdc caea fd >223 >221) mf dl ldc ge hldc lfdc hadl }

}l caa) }l }~dc }ad } g dlap nad dc z iawp}) }dl ldl ik rl})

gdl }~edl z lpq dc zd cae gg ]G]M }~fdc dg cq dl ldc d

gdc }glpq dc zd ge DL]K da glpdc z dcd ldc Dek Za} da ~adc$]~g nad

dc z ca lpq dc zd }~d }l }~dc) dcd ldc ]KGR Dek Za} gl

dc r mdc gldl wgl iawp} iadl lf} }~d g w gpdc gp zd }l }~dc) }gl

gg ga }lad gldl igl iawp} glf zeq + lpq dc) ga }lad upd }~ }ledl

hlfd me }~d l }ldc }ldc w ed }fd z rl} }~ad dlap gdc g lpq

dc zd ka$ Gg nad rlr gl dc z iadl lf} }~fdc ap hlad iawp}

a za g dld) mfedl dclar cr rld cak }lap }g dc }l }~dc id

gdc }g lpq dc zd) ddc gef l ww mdc zd) gl} idc upd }~ zd

z wep gdc i lap up hadlmfedl ge dcd ldc$

]~fdc 7 dk }~ ia q) Dezanedh g cdc ~} dlap z} upe

hldc lfdc) ap g }l lad upe }dl ldl nad dc dcpd zd

}~fdc 7 dk

>223) >22221


53/117

Nad dc dcpd zd ge DEZANEDH

>2)222)222

50)222)22252)222)222

0)222)222

2

Dk>223

Dk>22221

zd lpqdc zd

hlg

zd gl w

lp }dc

dcpd zd

Nap >$5? Nad dc dcpd zd ge Dezanedh

Ndc>$5?Ndc }dl ldl

lpqdczd ge Dezanedh

,Z]? }~ap dc!

Gl }ap

Dk >223 Dk >22< Dk >221

Ca }~ ] }~dc,%!

Ca }~ ] }~dc,%!

Ca }~ ] }~dc,%!

A$ Zd lpq dc 1$2>0$:1> 15% 1$=>=$235 52 7>% 0$: 7=%

>$ Zeq ge

DLDD ]G]Mhlg 2 2% 2 2% 5=2$0% :$2>5$1$3>3 03%

AA$ Zd hlg >10=$% >33$:13 >%

AAA$ Zd gl wlp 031$2>< :% 5$23:$50< 52% 5$5::$271 3%

]dcdcpd zd 1$127$203 522% 52$300$271 522% 5:$


54/117

,Dcpd? Ndcgd a h }fd ge Dezanedhcaeafd >223+>221!

Dld glpdc dcpd zd ge dcd ldc iad }g }dc upe gg dk) g }l?

dk >223 }dc dcpd zd i 1$127$203 }~ap dc }l wedc dk >22< i

52$300$271 }~ap dc) za }g rl} }~ad i 552% ,}dc 52%! wf za dk

>223$ Wedc dk

>221 }dc dcpd zd i 5:$22$>$>$ Lf} dc glf zeq?Lf} dc glf zeq i lf} dc gl qp z uped }~dc dl} ge dcd

ldc$ W glpqd lf } zd }ad ca wedc zd }d mdc n wpdc zd glf dlp

gp wd |p}) hadl mfedl }~fdc dd hadl }$ Z }ldc upe glf zeq k }f ~e

dcpd }lp dlr } na lfd ia }ad ca ge hlgl ldc) n r gla rl

hadl mfedl z }f ~e ia dlpd$ ]pq dlad lf} dc glf zeq kedc ia ~a ~f id)

z zq dcd ldc gd rla upd i gg hlfd d k} ggl gl} gl ka g }l

dcd dce lfg cak }lap ~a ~f$


55/117

Ndc>$>? H} up lf} dc

}d mdcge Dezanedh

,Z]? }~ap dc!

Gl }ap

Dk W f wdl

>223 >22< >221

>22223 >221&>220$0 =$=5$1=>! ,10$=2=! ,50$:2 ,37$=:>! 77=$05 0$=0>$:53 1$27 5$210$7:: >0$5 =$=55$0221!

Mfedl wglf zeq }dc upe gg dk) g na} }dc gef zf dk >221) g }l

dl wep?

Mfedl wglf zeq dk >223 i=$703$>05 }~ap dc$ Mfedl wglf zeq dk

>22< i0$=0>$:53 }~ap dc8 }dc 5$210$7:: }~ap dc }g i}dc >0$5% wf za

dk >22221 i1$27 }~ap dc8 }dc =$=55$0$7$ Lap up hadl mfedl?

Dcd ldc i k} } glg hadl mfedl }~fdc idl zg }ad }) }d mdc)

mgl z dcd ldc$ D gdc dl dldc mfedl dclar wd |p} hlg) ipd g

kg }ap


56/117

=0

ldc p i ia dlpd$ Ia dlpd i qp } }l`d gl}) da id h} up lf}

dc hadl mfedl ge dcd ldc) d i lap wcae }dc }lp dlr z }dc gla rl$

cae }dc ia dlpd) dcd ldc rla upd i }} gg hlfd kg }awd g)

dl} igg hlfd kg glf zeq z p }) cak }lap gg gla rl) }~fdc }r

}~pdc upd i gl} gl zag gla }ap) kpe wk }~edc }la} n) gdc }g rl

k nf glf lf} dc hadl mfedl g lap up$

Dezanedh ipd gl }~dc rl} }~ad k ~dc k} ggl }fd mad }} g

gg idl zg lf} dc dcd ldc dc }la ddc gef lap up hadl mfedl a

za

}dc idl zg$ Z zq Dezanedh } g dldc h} up hadl mfedl hl }} z

d dl) dceq gmfedl$

dk >22< idk g dlap hl hld a za lf} dc hadl

Ndc>$7? H} up lf}dchadlmfedl

ge Dezanedh

,d z? }~ap dc!

Gl }ap Dk >223 Dk >22< Dk >221

]dc }lp 0:=$>3> 5$>3 5$:=3$01$355 5$=$:2> >3$7: 5$>57$==1$3 5:$053


57/117

H] UP HADL MFEDLGE

DEZANEDH UPE GG DK

>)222)222

5)022)222

5)222)222

022)222

2

Dk>223

Dk>22221

]dc }lp

]dc gla

]lp dlr ~dc

Nap >$>? H} up hadlmfedl ge Dezanedhupe ggdk

Upe ndc w iap z nap ) }e }lq h} up hadl mfedl ge Dezanedh

nad dc upe gg dk) g }l dk >22< i3=$2=2 }~ap dc cak >223$ Dcpqd dld mf iawp}lpq dc glf zeq }~d

}l }~dc nad dc }l`f glap ldc n} ia h} lr za }dl ldl d up ld)

d |p }dc dledl ik dl ldc d mfedl }lp ge Dcd ldc$ Rld id iadlpd g g } lf} dc p } z cr zd$

Dk >221 ia dlpd }~g }lp i5


58/117

L wd up ld ; ,M d up ld& ]dc m d glf zeq! | 522% 9 0%

L w ~a ~f }d mdc ; ]dc m d glf zeq& ]dc }awd g

]ldc }l l wdq gdc gef }l ia dlpd wgdc id dc }la ~a ~f

}d mdc gdc ~} gef$>$7$5$ ]dl ldl m d?

Ndc>$=?]dl ldl m d }dmdc

ge Dezanedh

,Z]? ]~ap dc!

Gl }ap

Dk W f wdl

>223 >22< >221

>22223 >221&>220$=: =$=$72>$5>3 7$>205! ,0$:7! 12:$037 71$7$ ] glg

hadl }

5$1>=$2:< 7$53>$=7> :$302$123 5$>=$3>=$:52 7$05>$317 0$207$=>1 3


59/117

]DL LDL M D UPE GG DK

5>)222)222

52)222)222

)222)222

2

Dk >223 Dk >22< Dk >221

]dc m d

Nap>$7? ]dl ldl m d }d mdc

]~d g w dld dl kg ~a ~f ge }l }~dc) Dcd ldc }lg

lad dlap nad rlr hak wf} }dc }~dc z ipd g w ap gldl z

gldl wgl }d mdc glf rl lr za dldc mad nad ge }l }~dc) k nf

ed }fd z

lap up }~fdc lf} dc }d mdc$ G }l?

M d }d mdc ge }fd dcd ldc dk >22< } 0$=3=$001 }~ap

dc) }dc 5$555$557 }~ap dc ,}dc >0$=:%! wf za dk >223$ M d }d

mdc }dc gl qp } hlgl ldc } glg hadl } ,}dc 5$>=221 } 1$101$:23 }~apdc) }dc =$=221 } 5$


60/117

>$7$>$ ]dl ldl gl} idc }d mdc?

W }dc }~dc) k ~dc p } }d mdc ipd a hk za dldc ~a ~f

}ak d g }l |q ~e }~fdc }dc iea$ Hadl dclakz }lg } glf }lq) w }dc

}~dc ddc }d mdc k} caeafd df ) }ldc ia lp up z } i d

up ld) d |p }~fdc dldc dk }ar }l`f$ Z Dezanedh mdc dl gdc

hldc }lf} ~e g upq ip} hlg dcla} ge }l }~dc$ ]~fdc caea fd

>223+>221 } i d

up ld) d |p ge Dezanedh ipd g mpq }~ kg }lr hlfdc }~d ma

>%&}dc m d8 ]pq dlad }~fdc dk >22$7$>$5$ Dup ld?

Ndc>$0?]dl ldl gl} idc }dmdc

,Z]? ]~ap dc!

Gl }apDk

>223 >22< >221

]dc }a wdg 1$127$23= 52$120$>3< 522 50=$750

+ DUL } 5


61/117

02

Wedc dk >221) za w g cdc ge }r }l gd n dld zaddcd ldc) }

i d up ld }~d }dc m d g }ad }~ad }}) cak } 3$07% gd 7$0%$

} g h} up dq) dcfadldc }g dc }lpd ia } ka }~dc z k z

gldl wgl }d mdc ge dcd ldc gd mf dldc dcpqd dld wep?

Gg hlfd zeq ka g gl} idcdc h) lap up lf} dc ge

gg d z a zeq dcq gdc }dc) ka }~dc hadl } hl uped) }f ap had

}lpd ia

glf lf} dc hadl mfedl ge mfedl dclar$

Dlzf hl ddc ga }ad gl} idc lf} dc) }dc ia dlpd

hadl mfedl upe gg dk z gl dc }~fdc zag }~gl ir m rldc ~a ~f dd

up m rldc ~a ~f i k} gdc g g ig }~fdc zag | i d }d dcge dcd ldc$

]~fdc glf zeq) dcd ldc ipd}pd }l dclak dc} dldc upq dlge

DLDD$

>$7$>$>$ Rld ifad?

H} up rld ifa d }~fdc }la caed cd q glf }lq gl} idc }d

mdc ge dcd ldc ]KGR Dek Za} edc cak w}) } i d |p g |p

ldc dcq gdc }dc gef) g na} d |p |p} lad dldc Gla dldl

}~g q zd g dl ca g gl} idc k nf$ ap dq }l lad

dldc ld gl) n} gr z gdc }g upd }~ ~a ~f }d mdc) a la rla

g } glg dclad gp) }dc lr gg dcpqd dld hr }la ~} hadl

dclakz rldc }~dl) cak }lap d |p }~fdc }dc iea$


62/117

05

Ndc>$:?]dl ldl rld ifa d

zeq ge Dezanedh

,Z]? ]~ap dc!

Gl }ap Dk >223 Dk >22< Dk >221

5$ ]dc m d =$7:7$==: 0$=3=$00< 1$101$:23+ D }ap glpd =$7=$707$52> 52=$3>0

+ D ma }ap glpd 5$=:< =1$213 =1$012

+ D dcla dc 5$3 1>$$ >==$>70

7$ ] i d |p 2$2$15% >$=0%

,Dcpd? nf gf }agldl ge Dezanedh!

Dk >22220&UDLDD z Upq} dl522 }~apdc) }dc 505$135 }~ap dc ,>5$71 id! wf za p dk z glak

>$15% }dc m d$

Dk >221) wm d |p ,d rld ifa gg dlk 7) = z 0 }l`f upq dlge

DLDD! ge }fd Dcd ldc i>==$>7: }~ap dc) glak >)=0% }dc m ddl

ld } i upq dlge Dcd ldc Dl dg ,7%!$

Upe w iap }~d g }l }lq } i d |p }dc kdl }~fdc dk

>22221 } i d |p g cak dldc hldc dlap$ ]lg }

rld dl k ldl) gldl wgl upd }~ ~a ~f }d mdc ge dcd ldc Dek Za}

gle }lg w lap up) gdc za w hldc lfdc hadl } }~fdc dk >22$7$7$ Dldc dcpqd dld md d ~a ~f }d mdc }a Dezanedh?

>$7$7$5$ Dcpqd dld hlgl uped?


63/117

0>

Ka }~dc hadl mfedl n} d mf dl ldc ge gg qp } } dlad ,}lad

}ea) mgl ndl! leq w nad dc up dledl z hldc m fd g ge }l

}~dc }l caa ,hldc lfdc hadl }) ik rl}) ca g gg k} ldc }leq a

} nad! cq }d }l} glf hlgl ldc zeq zd$

^a ~f }} qp ge up }~dl } mf le }agldl) la dlr upg } g

}l ikglf d |p cae}dc hla }f ~e k} ka }~dc gdl }~edl ceq c}) hlad

lp l} gg mfedl dclar) dldc hlgl ldc }ldc |pqd ge dcd ldc

rla a k} za dcpq g }lpe i z upq ip} gld ig hlg dcla} ge }l

}~dc$ Nd gdl ) nd }ld w gdl }~edl ge gg DL]K }~fdc dg z upg

} }~fdc ka }~dc la dlr hadl } gdc hlad glf gg dcd ldc }~fdc dg

za l }ldc upd i gle lfd gldl cr rla dcpq g ~a ~f d |p }dc idna lp l} gg

hlgl ldc g }ak ig }agldl id w n gg dcd ldc dg dcfa}lp l}$

^a ~f mf ka }~dc rlr i gle }lpd ia? DLDD z gg g uped iad

uped ned ldl dlap ip}) zd nd ma ip} ldc md }la ldl ip} iad

uped d lf} dc }d mdc dcd ldc$ ]pq dlad zag }~ad hlea zf lf}

dc dcd ldc gd cr rla dlap hl hld dl k} wzd nd z zag gdc

gl }lp la d$ Dldc zd nd dq p g upq dl? ]~fdc dldc }~dc

lr hlgl ldc hldc }~ g d) DL]K g upqd | i }awd k nf d

zeq$ ]~d }lg }) gg DL]K hldc ikg ap dq z dcd ldc i k} }

glg hadl }) hldc rla i g uped upqd ig dl dg) hldc g glg ddc

gdc gl npg hlgl ldc nd caef }awd k nf glf dcd ldc | i

lfg zag glpqd }a wd k nf d zeq }e d | i upe gfd dc }

}dc gdc dlap gg upq dl hlg md d }dl }~dc DL]K hldc }l caaupq} g d }d dc) }awd

}d dc$

L }ldc }ldc }ad upd i ,GAG! gd dlap n} gr? Lad deq ZD gle

g k} g gl gdc n }ldc }ad q z mfedl dclarz dcd ldc$ ]~pdc

}k }ldc }ad }d mdc dcd ldc ,GAG! ge DLDD } g dldc h} up

ng p ~} dc hlgl i }~fdc zag gpdc gr }ldc }ad hr }la z }dl ldl

lf} dc }d mdc$ ]pq dlad)}ldc }ad gpdc gr gd d ap) hldc hr }la)

gle r dc q gg qp gp gpdc gr }ldc }ad$ ]ldc }ad GAG glmdc ia

kg m d }a gg } glg }d mdc) gle g }ldc }ad rla }agldl) hl ddc


64/117

07ap ldl idl


65/117


66/117

0=

Hlgl ldc hldc g }lad gl }~ d kg m lf} dc hadl mfedl

g lap up) ik k} pq }d }~fdc hadl mfedl$ Zag |g dl pq }d ge hlgl

ldc ~} uped }~dc z ~} hl }lg lad$ ap dq a la GN]M rla g

ddc ig) hadl dclak |g dl$

a zahlgl ldc g dld?

Lf} dc hadl mfedl hldc }lpd ia$

Dcpd lfd }~ gldl } }lp dlr g nd n k} lfg wpq cak mf

k} zag) glpqd wedc gdc zag hk ld lfg hldc gd hl ddc ief dc$

G dld hlgl ldc cr dlap glpqd n} }ldc }~fdc gpg wdc)

z zq l rla w mdc k} w }ad id dd dl ldc hl ddc lfd }~ glfdcd ldc$

f g g dld hldc }}? G }dl ie dcd ldc) w mdc }ad

zeq hldc dc kg gl$

>$7$7$>$>$ Zrle dcd ldc?

dc }~d cg DL dld dld k} ggl dc d z dcpqd dld }

}ld DL cq ~e d up ld i }lg w gd }la} z q gdc i ap had }adupq} Dezanedh e ~e dldc caa rlr cak }lap ~a ~f }d mdc$ ]l`f

}ldc h }dc lr) dld glpdc Dcd ldc gle g upq }~dl upd }~ ~a ~f g

}l) d up ld }a

DL }d }a gl qp mf dldc dcpqd dld wep?

r ig gdc zag gdc gef? Upq k lf} dc ge Dezanedh

gd ld gl$ GN]M rla k dlak}fd n upq }~dl glf zeq nef ck? }lkdl m d) nk w} hlgl ldc) upd i }l`f ma gg hlfd d }l glr dl

ldc d

lap up ik zag ge GN]M$

Upq }~dl }lk dl }lap }ldc }ad) }lap gg glpd kg wf wdl

e ~e h} ipd$ Mf hldc |g dl g upq k hadl mfedl }lg w ge hlgl

ldc) hl ddc gdl }~edl ge hlgl ldc a za dcdl dcl k hlgl ldc

edc hadl mfedl) hldc |g dlg dcpd }lp hlgl ldc } p z z p

g }l e ~e k} kg glf zeq z ggl }lg cakw} lr i$ Kg hlg) pq }d

hlgl ldc i qp } uped }~dc cd iad za }lad gl lfd }~ }ad zeq ge

hlgl ldc) }ldc n idcupd }~fdc up }~dl }lk dlned p$


67/117

00

Dcpd gpdc gr }ldc }ad? ^} hl hak gldc g }fd n dldc

}ldc }ad k hlgl ldc gpdc gr$ DL zd gle g w iad }ldc za gg g

uped hlg dl }lp) la uped hak gldc dldc }ldc }ad }agldl mf hlgl

ldc gpdc gr$ ]~fdc }dl ldl gdl }~edl caegg DL]K dcq gdc ceq c} dl

lad deq) zea }~ ge GAG i ~} uped }~dc }~fdc zag gpdc gr }ldc }ad hr }la)

gldl |g gg dcd ldc g gg upq} dlglf zeq lr i$ dc }ag i lad

deq dcd ldc m iap ge GAG gle q z }ldc }ad gd up d ap) gle

g gr dl} z | i hr }la$

Ddc ig }lk dlge gd n gd dlap ld gl Gg dcdl dcl

ge gg mfedl dclar a zeq i ~} e mdc? e rld gg GN]M hldc }l g

q }ldc }ad gdc dl lap na} z gg dcdl dcl idl zg k mfedldclar edc p } hadl mfedl$ k} w m d p } hldc g }lk dl

gldl |g z ddc ig zd) dcpd ief dc }a hlp zg }~ad hlea m d) ddc

ig ge gl mfedl dclardd hla m d lfd }ldl hldc }l a zf lf} dc)

hldc }l }~ d zeq dcd ldc

Up }~dl hak }~e) cakw} wep hla glf zeq ge dcd ldc gd dlap w

l) weaw} dd hldc }l cakw} g zag w mdc zd zeq ge hlgl ldc

gdc dl hldc hr }la }lp la g }ad ldc }lp d$ Mf w hak wf}

up idc if dd kg m k} wrldc d zeq g lap up) }ad nd ldc

g

}~ dldc hlgl ldc hldc }~ d glf dcd ldc k w mdc w }ad zf

dldc kg gl hlg hldc lap up z n }d }l}$

>$=$ ]LG ]^DC GDC ]G UPD ]^ ^A ^F ]D MDC ]A DCD

LDC DEK ZA]?

>$=$5$ N kq } glg gr }d mdc?

]lek cae }~g }ar zf lf} dc gr }d mdc g gg rldc dclar z

}a La w gldl) Gg gla dldl ,Uped l hlgl ldc) rld }gl }d mdc) upq}

dl }d mdc) mgl z hlgl ldc! z gg Rldc Caefmgl$]~fdc ) ]dc cak

g p

upqd glf gr }d mdc }ldc |pqd a za Cak g uped l hlgl ldc)

]~dc rldc uped l hlgl ldc) ]~dc rldc caef mgl za ld kg z da


68/117

0:

mpdc p upqd rl lr za upq dl p upqd upq} dl }d mdc w

5:3&>22:&U+]C$

Dld glpdc a dc gd n ik gdc }g }d mdc ge dcd ldc ]KGR

Dek Za} g }~dl glpqd kd) g f }f na nd) }} dclar gg glpqd

dcdl hadl } + }a gldl dcd ldc$ ]pq dlad e w gd n gd }~) hadl

dclak }lg }ad gle dlap$ Dcpqd dld i mf) lf} dc }d mdc }dc gef

k gle g w glpd n q z dcpd dld ig) k} hlg mf g gl a dc

gle }le dc md d lad }dc k} w gd n g ddc ig z hadl

dclak glpqd upe gg ]G]M hlg$

>$=$>$ Upq }~dl glf zeq?

>$=$>$5$ Ggp}glglf}dc }d mdc?

G gp } glg lf} dc }d mdc ge dcd ldc ,La w) W caef

mgl) gla dldl! g } glg }ldl = hla g nd ge upq }~dl glf zeq$ ]p

}l`f upq k lf} dc ge dcd ldc z }dl gl} ge ifa ldl glf zeq) k}

n rld g }l k dlak k} lfg k} whlp ge upq }~dl glf zeq$

Uped l

hlgl ldcRld }gl }d mdc

Upq} dl

}d mdc

Mglz

hlglldc

N rld}d mdc } glg

N rld}d mdc g dld

N rldrld }gl }d

Cakg&]~dc rldcupedl hlgl

ldc

Ned Cakggla dldl

Ned]dc cak g

La dc}d mdc

La dc upd}~

N rld upd i

}d mdc

N rld Mglz hlgl ldc


69/117

03

Hla uped l hlgl ldc? }la} ir) mpq }~ z rl} }~ad ka uped l

}fd mad za hlgl ldc gpdc gr wd rlk }d mdc z gg wd rlk mgl

z hlg ge dcd ldc glf hlgl ldc8 glp }~gl dlak ir } }~dl }lk

dl }d mdc }~dl ,lfg glpqd Hla rld }gl }d mdc }lk dl }~g hla

}~dl! gr upq} dl }d mdc$

Hla rld }gl }d mdc? }ar dld l w zeq zd ge hlgl ldc }

Hla uped l hlgl ldc) }lg lad rld }gl) }lk dl k} ggl g ir

e ~e gg dld |} dl caz had |p} glf zeq lfg hldc glf zeq$

Hla upq} dl }d mdc? I gr ~e upq} dl gpa gdc z zag

glf zeq leq hldc glf zeq }~fdc }lk upqd upq} dl }d mdc ge kdl$ La

dc upd }~ p upqd upq} dl }d mdc glf La dc }d mdc z ]dccak g$ ]dc cak g p upqd upq} dl }d mdc glf gg gr }~fdc

dcd ldc }l`f

upq dl z p upqd upq} dl }d mdc mf ]dc cak g ned ldl$

Hla mgl z hlgl ldc? ]ar dld l w zeq zd g gr g

}lk uqd ge Hla upq} dl }d mdc rl mpq} glf zeq) }lg lad gdc

}g upd i }ad zeq dl? h lr dc) caa dcd) ap gldl h ld }~ d) caeld) glpqd d up ld) }lp d) ia) rl

>$=$>$>$ Upq }~dl glf zeqg}l?

Ng5? ]ar}lhlgl ldc zeqzd

Dld zaduped l hlgl ldc ,DZULHL! gl dc }ar }l hlgl

ldc) }k lap dlp gp }d mdc ge hlgl ldc) |`k |} g rl lr za gldl

wgl }dmdc ge dcd ldc leq hldc glf nd wd rlk }d mdc }lgl lr$

Irnf gf }ar }l

Ng>? ]ar dld dlp gpzeqzd z ldcmdhlgl ldc}l

}gzeqzd

Hla hlgl ldc g dlp gp dcldcd ldc gpdc gr gg wd rlk

}d mdc) DZULHL }~ef a) |g dl da mpdc? }k lap lf} dc hadl mfedlge

hlgl ldc) rldc }lg lf} dc8 kg gl zeq zd

|p} gr }d mdc glf hlgl ldc g rl lr hldc


70/117

0$=$=$ Rldc dce) rl} lad z ld gl ~a ~f }d mdc?

Hak }~e z rl} lad gg mp lap ~a ~f igdc zag hldc glge gg

gd n }lek cae zf upq }~dl gr }d mdc k gd g upd }~a} d }dc

gd n ge Dezanedh$ ]pq dlad gl qp mf Rldc Uped l hlgl ldc }lg lad

na q i n rld }~g }ar ik zag za hlgl ldc) }lp }lr gg }ldc }ad)

hak}~e w mdc zd zeq dd g hl ddc rl} lad hr }la dldc nad dc

n}$ ]lg } dldc dk upe glf }lq) gdc }g rl} lad ~a ~f }d mdc gl

kedc }dl }l dc) gl qp i | i hla dldc mp lap ~a ~f |p} lad

,hldc }~ g d dc ld) hadl mfedl }lpe i) h} up rld ifa d hldc

}}!) hl ddc m nf z rldc dce } |e gle }} mf w ld gl z }~dl )

hadl dclakge GN]M8 l }ldc }ldc }ad }l }~dc z | i }ldc }ad upe gg

rld }gl) m nf gle }}8 gdc }g hak }~e w mdc zd gd la l}) gl

qp me zf nf gf mf hlgl ldc gpdc gr) g na} igg hlgl ldc |e

ld gl }d }l} hla ~a ~f |q ~e) Dezanedh gd g gl }~dc qp

gp hlgl ldc rla kpe nf lak hla p } m d lfg hla hadl mfedl |p}

dlr hlp$ Caa rlr dq rl} lpq }g mdc dc h hla }lad }ea |q ~e)

zd ~}

}ldc |pqd dg }e) z g dcpd l }~ n r gg }d }l} zd zeq$

>$=$0$ Gdc }g | i d |p?dl ldc glpdc ge Dezanedh }~fdc | i d |p i}lg lad gg caa

rlr lr i }~d g w rld }gl }dl ldl ge }dc hlgl ldc g }l dl?


73/117

:5

a zagg hlfd d |p) dcd ldc }lg lad zag rld ifa d)

dl ca hl ddc }~ d ge hlgl ldc }~d g w ldc }ldc rlg z glf

gdc }g upd i gl} idcz ~a ~f }d mdc$

a za gg hlfd zeq ndc dcpd zd }a }~) p }lg ge nd }l

ne k nd }l ne gek h} glp }fd n }~gl dlak | i ~a ~f hla |q ~e z

gg hlfd glf zeq ndc dcpd zd cr dc }a }~ ge ]G]M hlg k dcd

ldc hldc glp n} g ~a ~f df }l dcd ldc hldc rla }~gl ir m rldc

~a ~f dldc rla rld ifa d dlk dl cadc }dl ldl }agldl) hl ddc

}~ d

ge hlgl ldc rlg z glf gdc }g upd i ~a ~f }d mdc$

a za gg hlfd nf idl)gek h} glf zeq z glr dld }ledl}fd) Dcd ldc rla rld ifa zf d dlk 5 upd i) cakw} }dl ldl }a

gldl)

hl ddc }lg lad dcle z ge hlgl ldc z }~gl ir m rldc glpdc$

]pq dlad) gl }~dc ge Dezanedh i }lg lad }ldc idc) rla

lr za hlgl ldc }~fdc | i d |p up }~dl }~ad hleag dledl gldc

z } }d }la caed$ a za gg hlgl ldc g }la }lap lr }g) }lfa }lg}~gl dlak }~ d) }l had upq} }lg lad gg nad rlr rlr i) hla had ~e

}e

}dc gdc hl ddc }lp la d$

>$0$ DL CA ]DL LDL UPD I ^A ^F ]D MDC ]ADCD

LDC ]KGR DEK ZA]?

>$0$5$ dl ca glpdc?

] dldc h} up } g }~d }e }lq lf} dc glf zeq ge

Dezanedh g dldc ng rl} }~ad dledl gldc$ M d }d mdc iad }g

}dc) widchlgl ldc uped l dcq gdc }dc$ Kg m }~fdc dk >22< } i

DUL }~d }dc m d }dc gef wf za dk >223$ Dldc wedc dk >221) } i

DUL }~d

}dc m d glf zeq cak ~ ~}$ Nd gdl ) Dcd ldc ipd mpq }~ k}

hlfdc m rldc n r ~a ~f$ Dld glpdc gdc }g upd }~ ~a ~f }dmdc

,U]^^]M! ge Dezanedh g dldc }leq a ~ ~} wf za }~g q) g }l i?


74/117

:5

a dcidl f dcd ldc g hl ddc upd i z lfgl dl

gldl wgl }}$ a dc dld zad dc f) gd }~ glf dd ~} ddc dc)

dledl dlq) g hl ddc }ar }lp ga ka$


75/117

:>

Dl dldc nad rlr U]^^]M lad a }~fdc dk >221) } i d |p

}~d }dc m d ge dcd ldc }dl }l`f }ap glpd Za} Dek cak$ \p

ldc cak d |p i k} g cdc id ge Dezanedh }~fdc zag ddc gef gl}

idc }d mdc z dcd dce d |p$

Dezanedh dl cag }k uped }~dc ge gdc }g upd }~ ~a

~f }d mdc z }gl gg }lg lad gg caa rlr dlk ddc gef hl ddc

rldc dce z rl} lad ~a ~f }d mdc$ Dezanedh |q mdc k} gldl wgl

glf zeq }dc a lr i) k nf }dl iadl lf} }~fdc lf} dc }lg })

za gg upq dl gl} gl z }dc gdc hl ddc hak wf} dldc dcpq g

~a ~f }ak d)

nf k kg }apupd i ~a ~f }d mdc$ Dezanedh edc had upq} }lg lad gg caa rlr dc n cak d

|p) }lg lad hak wf} }d mdc gl} gl) gl }~dc d gl} idcld i

}dc }~dc m d$

>$0$>$ Ld glgd hlgrlg?

Kg m g dldc }ad n }~fdc upd }~ ~a ~f }d mdc dldc gdc }g

dq zd gd }d }a dldc ld gl dl} dl z dldc upq dl)k ldl upd}~ ~a

~f ge Dezanedh g }l g k} w ld gl g nd wep?

]lapdcpd }ldc }ad rld }gl }d mdc) }ldc }ad }~fdc da n

Dcd ldc gd d cad) gle q $ Gg }ldc }ad z NG]G ge mfedl

dclar gle

n n} npg rla upe hak }fd dd gldl |g ge gg nf gf gle gef$

Z zd nf k }ad zeq? Dcd ldc glglr dld glf zeq }d

glr za k} wmfedl dclar g pq }d) uped l }} za dcd ldc z rldc

d hadl

mfedl |} }lq hl }la$ Zag dlca}awd k nf gd gle w} }l }~dc$

Gg caq } gldc dld upqd w lp }awd gd ~} rlg }r) g

na} igg caq } gldc dld upqd w mdc }) cq hl hld glf dcd ldc

}~fdc zag }lk dl z upd i ]WN$ Hla gdc gldc caef mgl k nf)

gg gdc gldc zad gl|g dld ldl }lg ge lr dc lfg ldl za a

mad ge gg nd h lr dc gl hldc gldc dld da mpdc lr dc$ Zag


76/117

:7gdc gldc l w }d ~} dlap }la caed)gg gdc gldc zad }ldc cq hl

m glf GN]M ge dcd ldc$


77/117

:7

Dld zad }d mdc gd }lap }~dl glpqd kd z gg dcdl

dcl$ ]~dl glpqd kd z }d mdc gle k gd rla }~edc n }lk

had }lg

glpqd kd h }lp} de$ Nd gdl widc GN]M g rld

n

gl qp

me }~d w m d glf zeq ge gg rldc caef mgl) hldc rl lr za }lg

}$a za gg rldc caef mgl g w m d gef }lp g } lr dc }d mdc

ge k} w hlgl ldc mfedl dclar id) }l zag upd i gg hlgl ldc

hldc gd qp gp dlap GN]M }lek cae$ ]pq dladmf g w m d }d mdc

gef dd w idc GN]M dlap ld kg gd }la} d d zag }le dld zad$

Gd a za dldc rldc caefmglk hlgl ldc gl qp ig dld dl i z

}l w idc hlgl ldc dc g) a la dlap GN]M gdc }lek cae glae~eupd i dldc mf upq k ge m d }d mdc hldc gef dd w idc GN]M

n ld gl$ ap dq md d }dl }~dc k} GN]M rla upd i dlap hlgl

ldc dd hldc }l upd i }}) hak wf} gl} gl }dl ldl gg hlfd zeq ge

hlgl ldc$

]k ia) zag k ~dc upq k lf} dc z ddc gef lap uphadl mfedl ge Dezanedh lad deq i zd g uped }k ldc p$ ikg ap dq) Dcd ldc gd }k lap dldc g }l ge }dc ifa ldl hadl

mfedl ge mfedl dclar)dldc zd }d }a }~fdc lf} dc gr }d mdc z

upd i ^^]M hla glf zeq z dcpqd dld ge dldc }d }a }~d) } g

dldc nad rlr }gl gg ddc gef lap up lf} dc }d mdc z cak n}

^^]M$


78/117

H} ipd gldc >

]~fdcdlap dk upe) Dezanedh ipd rld p }~ }ldl dcd ldc

nd i ldc p ge Za} Dek z g dldc }ldl gdc ng p hl uped$

]pq dlad)}~fdc dk >22221

}dl ldl g dlap nad glpqd }l`f ldc }gl gg dldc qp gp ddc gef lap

up upd }~ ~a ~f }d mdc zd iqp gp l} wg gr ngl z i k} }lgl

}lg }lg w a za dcd ldc ]KGR Dek Za} }~fdc d ig }dc }~dc }d

mdc ed }fd z lap up$ Gldc leage hle ipd dclad gp) rld }gl

}lg }~dc lf} dc hadl mfedl) }lg }~dc ~a ~f }d mdc z upd }~ ~a ~f

}d mdc }a dcd ldc ]KGR Dek Za}) } ik g w hlfe lg }lg }ad

glf gg caa rlr) |p} gldc ne$


79/117

7$5$ ]^AD ZDC Z DL LDC RL] ]^AD GE DEZANEDH?

7$5$5$ Rld }gl WSF]?

Dldcakkdl ?

Gg g dc glad ig g }ak ig }agldl zdc kdl dl ]r fd

m} keq Za} Dek) Gdc }q GR a i Iad lar Zd glpqd) ]r fd p }

Wa Cd$

a dc gd n) dld zad }~) ddc dc) g f }f gldl upq) wdwdc }ar }lp had }lg ka$

Kdc ia caef mgl ~dc hlr) g 252 } 522 ak caef mgl! }r }~pdc }a >= }dl&}ldlrl

dg) }f }lpd ia glf hlgl ldc hla d caef mgl$

id }~d g

G ap had rl} }~ad hlgl ldc }~fdc gg hlp gdc dclarmf gg

g dc ge Dcd ldc ik gl p }$

Dldcakqp ? Gdc }g dcladgp z rl} }~ad wd rlk ka gle g p }dc

kg) gle rl lr za upq k lf} dc ge dcd ldc$

Gle g gldl wgl ca g ir k gl qp me zf w ap gldlca

ge gg a }l gdl }~edl }~d }l }~dc$

Gdc }g dcladgp }l }~dc gle g uped }k dc kg rld

hlg) ie gld }l }~dc rl lr md d gldl wgl glk wg hlgl ldc

gd

dlap ld gl$

I dcd ldc ka wf za gg a }l gdl }~edl }~d }l }~dc dd gla

rl lf} dc ge dcd ldc g na} i gla rl hlp lef }awd gd gef md

d hk gdl }~edl }~fdc gldl wgl ca$ Kdc ia caefmgl ~dc dldc k}

w d z ,gla dldl) rldc caef mgl! ka }ldl ir dd gd g }la caed ka

dc cr zf ia dlpd glpdc ge dcd ldc$


80/117

Dldc gla ? Za} Dek g }g }dc }~dc CMR } 0$7>% }~fdc dk >221 z i

dg g }g }dc }~dc gef dl} }~fdc hlp zg dc Dek $

W idcmfedl dclar ka }ldl ir) g na} igg mfedl dclar

g upq k lf} dc ze z dl ~} id ,}~d 221!$

Za} Dek g md w cd 2% dca md w mdc mgl z dcd ldc) gl qp }r }~pdc }a L Da z]R$ L Gl Kadl$

Gg dcd ldc dg dcfa glp dl ldc dclak }~dc } gpg

hldc lfdc }agldl z wpq }lfa hadl } }fd gp$

]k i ge dcamd }lgl caef mgl za gg dcd ldc Za} Dek gdc

wi qp } }lpd ia gg dcd ldc }~fdc dg uped }k hlea}lg$

Dldc }lgl }lg? ]l }~dc }agldl }ad } gd glp dlap dl ldc } gpg

hldc lfdc }agldl z wpq }lfa hadl } dd m nf wgd dlap nad dc

rlg }r)

hl idc }~g$

Dcamd Za} Dek z gg mfedl dclar Za} Dek zd gd }la

up`d g} ca z }ledl }fd ndc }ad k} z gle }lq g gg }ad gl ge zag

}ledl

}fd hldc mdc }ad k}$

Ddc ig gdl }~edl ge gg dcd ldc }~fdc dg gd dlap ld gl

wf za gg dcd ldc dg dcfa z upq k zd) gdc dcl) h ddc upd }~

ap

ldl z upd i ~a ~f$

7$5$>$ dl ldc rl} }~ad lf} dc hadl mfedl }~fdc}la caed }a?

]~fdc dk >252) Dcd ldc ]KGR Dek Za} |g dl }ar }g }l`f pa

kg }ap glad ig iegld i }~ }ldl dcd ldc }ldc ka nd i glpd


81/117

kg ldc p Za} Dek$ ]pq dlad) g }l } g kg }ap glad ig


82/117

}~fdc }la caedwk dl} z za gla rl lr i dl}) Dcd ldc ]KGR Dek

Za} gd }la} rla |g dl glf ~adckdl glad ig hadl mfedl k} ggl

g }l$

]~d g w glad ig hadl mfedl glpdc g |g dl) gg hlfgl hadl

mfedl ge }dc n rld dl h lfgl }a gldl) h lfgl Ke~h`}adc) h

lfgl dld w) g |q mdc z }~ad hlea }lg lad dldc zd k nf

}dl }ldc dl} z kg }ap glad ig }~ }ldl dcd ldc }ldc ka nd i

glpd kg ldc p Za} Dek) lf} dc e ddc e idl zg me }~d dd

}dc gdc dcl lad a gdc za a dc gd n dld zad }ld }lad z }adl

}ld }~gl dlak gef$

Gg kg}apgl qpdk >252ge }fd l }ldcDezanedh?

Gl }ap Dk>252

Zd ap i 7222 } dc

Iadlpd}~g}lp 702 } dc

]dc }awd >3$222 } dc

M dglf zeq hlgl ldc 53$222 } dcLpq dc}adca hlgl ldc 5252+>257

dlw

ep?]~d g w dld dlgg ak kdl) ak qp z g la) }lgl }lg dp

}~d) }d mdc }} gg ia }l wd g dl gg g dc glad igg }ak ig

}a

gldl zdc kdl) kdc ia hdl rld rla ~dc hlr) hl ddc ek lap }l

}~dc }~fdc dg) g }l }lg lad }ldl gdc kg }ap glad ig }~

}ldl Dcd ldc }ldc ka nd i glpd kg ldc p Za} Dek) gg

glad ig hadl mfedl g dcl gdc rla lr }lg lad }~fdc caea fd

>252

>257 nef ck?


83/117

Glad ig }lk dlr }l }~dc? glad ig mpq }~ }l rld lad

}a) }r }~pdc caa upq} zd cae}dc }l rld ge Dcd ldc }~d gg }l

}~dc


84/117

:2 d 72 ak caef mgl$

Glad igrl} }~ad wd rlk? }f w hlg na} glf gg wd rlk

mgl z ge Dcd ldc ndc zag dc mdc gdc dcl lad a }dc }dl

gldl |g) ed }fd) nf k}) dledl gldc }~fdc up }~dl caef mgl$ Dcd ldc w

gl dc p } glf lf} dc dcladgp hlf w} dlp gp z }l lap ge

hlgl ldc

rlg z glf gdc }g }la} h wd rlk dlk }f ~e dldc wd rlk mgl z

gl f) da n} md p }~fdc }dc dlk hlgl ldc$ Wd rlk mgl z }a

gldl ge Dcd ldc rla g }la} h }l`f ldc k) k nf }dl iadl

lf} gd }la} dlk r dc dlp gp hlg na} ge hlgl ldc$7$5$7$ dl ldc rl} }~ad lf} dc }d mdc }~fdc}la caed }a?

]~fdc caea fd >223 +>221) }dc m d }d mdc ge Dezanedh zd }dc

p kg m dd hadl } dk >22< hldc hl uped) g dlap nad dc hldc

}l na} }~g$ap dq gldc } gg dl idl f ge Dezanedh g ddc ig

upd i }}) g }l }lgl dcla za gg ap had }leq a ge }l }~dc$ Wedc dk

>252)

Dezanedh g gl }~dc }ar }g mpq }~ z rl} }~ad lf} dc }d mdc dl wep?

qkdl lf} dc }d mdc) g na} icae}dc ,}a }lap 32)22%! }

}~dc gg hlfd zeq }lpg a }dc r mdc iawp}}le }lpd }~d }dc m


85/117

:1d


86/117

:1

k nf kg gldl igl iawp}ndl upd p zf p ~e }a }lap }=%&

dk$

]r }~pdc }dc }~dc upq k lf} dc ndc ggl caef h lfgl

hadl mfedl g }l glf }dc gla dldl) rldc caefmgl)}~fdc ) rldc caef mglrla } kg upq k lf} dc }a }lap$

Hak wf} gl} gl gl} idc }d mdc8 }lg lad gg nad rlr

gdc ~d g }lg }lp la d h} lr za zag | i }awd nf k ge gg

hlfd

d |p hla gd }la} k nf dcpd }lp cg) iaglf Dcd ldc$

7$>$ K] W CAA RLR CR RLD DDC GEF LAP UP UPD ]^

^A ^F ]D MDC ]A DCD LDC ]KGR DEK ZA]?

7$>$5$ Ddc gef gl} idc }d mdc?

7$>$5$5$ Lf}dc lpq dczd?

lf} dc glf zeq }} a la dcd ldc rla g dcpd zd

kdl) }~fdc ) zd ip dc i qp } ~} gd }la} a za dcd ldc$ Dpdcd ldc } glg }lg lad }} gdc }g lpq dc zd }l hldc dldc k ~dc

g gdc }g glf zeq k gdc kedc d glf dcd ldc dcq gdc dlap ia

dlpd$ }dc

gdc dcpd zd lpq dc gd }lg lad k} w nad rlr?

e mdc lf gg ldl }lg lpq dc zd }lp l} hlgl ldc d ca

}ad$ Rl} }~ad gg mgl z ka dl }l }ledl }fd) }l E]K$

Hldc dcdc ddc gef gl} idcmgl z r dc dlp gp }ad gl

dcq gdc gef ge hlgl ldc8 gpdc gr glf l dldc rldc }ad }ledl }fd

}lpd ia) dledl) ed }fd z gldl |g) lfd }lad l }ldc kdc za }dl g }l

~} z ca }ad n} g gla dldl df$

]dc gdc lf} dc ke~h`}adc dcd ldc$ K

dc ~e hlr g dg$

~dc rlk za lf}

\q mdc a dc dld zadddc dc) dla} }dl) caef }ar }} z dk

zdc glpqd kd dclar z dlk ca gld hlgl ldc g z }lp l} hlgl

ldc


87/117

32ka$

]lg lad k nf }ad ca glf hlgl ldc


88/117

32

7$>$5$>$ Lf}dcglf zeq?

e mdc lf gg ldl }lg gr }d mdc? dcd ldc gd w mdcdlap rldc }lg glf zeq }

NÂNG CAO HIỆU QUẢ QUẢN TRỊ RỦI RO TÍN DỤNG TẠI NGÂN HÀNG TMCP NAM VIỆT...

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Transcript of NÂNG CAO HIỆU QUẢ QUẢN TRỊ RỦI RO TÍN DỤNG TẠI NGÂN HÀNG TMCP NAM VIỆT...