디자인하는 과학, 실험하는 건축?

Design by Science, Experiment by Architecture?

황지은 | 김한결 | 이상희 | 황동욱 임지현 | 이동민 | 정계삼

Questions...

천장이 높아지면 창의력이 정말 좋아지나요? 직관적으로 알 수 있는 좋은 공간을 꼭 과학적으로 증명해야 하나요? 공간에 대한 뇌의 반응을 측정하는게 과연 가능한건가요? 그러면 나중에 건축심의에 행복지수 항목이 들어가게 되는 건가요? 건축가는 도대체 어디까지 알아야 하는건가요?

Questions...

무슨 근거로 특정 공간을 좋다고 하는 건가요? 좋은 공간에선 사람이 어떻게 판단하고 행동하나요? 공간의 특징 때문에 사람이 변하기도 하나요? 주차장에선 왜 이렇게 길찾기가 어려운가요? 전 집에서 왜 이렇게 집중이 안될까요?

SPACE

HUMAN

SPACE

Built Environment

Envelope

Layout

Maze

Gate Map

Path

City

Site Axis

Place

Territory

Program

Spatial Context

HUMAN

Brain Activity

Behavior

Users

Customers

Occupational Mental Model

Participants

Anthropometry

Intelligent Agent Resident

Circulation

Designer

Client

Function

Advertisement for Magnetic Drum Memory Units, 1953 [출처: A History of Modern Computing, Ceruzzi, 2000, The MIT Press, p2.]

190. CEILING HIEGHT VARIETY

A Building in which the ceiling heights are all the same is incapable of making people comfortable.

People feel comfortable or uncomfortable according to the room’s proportions.

Ceiling height is related to the social distance between people in the room, that is directly related to their relative intimacy or nonintimacy

People read the different ceiling heights in a building as messages, and take up positions according to these messages.

Sense of formality. Palladio / Japanese House

Sound source Individual bubble Grand Station

Absolute height – climate and culture Movement by degree of intimacy

Theory / Thesis

Statement / Hypothesis

Case / Experiment

190. CEILING HIEGHT VARIETY A Building in which the ceiling heights are all the same is incapable of making people comforta

ble. 145. BULK STORAGE In house and workplace there is always some need for bulk storage space; a place for things like suitcases, old furniture, old files, boxes.

191. THE SHAPE OF INDOOR SPACE The perfectly crystalline squares and rectangles of ultramodern architecture make no special sense in human or in structural terms.

205. STRUCTURE FOLLOWS SOCIAL SPACES No building ever feels right to the people in it unless the physical spaces (defined by columns, walls, and ceilings) are congruent with the social spaces (defined by activities and human groups)

212

210

219 218

106

197

213

214

235

207

206

219. FLOOR-CEILING VAULT We seek a ceiling vault shape which will support a live load on the floor above, form the ceiling of the room below, and generate as little bending and tension as possible so that compressive materials can be relied on,

190. CEILING HIEGHT VARIETY A Building in which the ceiling heights are all the same is incapable of making people comforta

ble. 145. BULK STORAGE In house and workplace there is always some need for bulk storage space; a place for things like suitcases, old furniture, old files, boxes.

191. THE SHAPE OF INDOOR SPACE The perfectly crystalline squares and rectangles of ultramodern architecture make no special sense in human or in structural terms.

205. STRUCTURE FOLLOWS SOCIAL SPACES No building ever feels right to the people in it unless the physical spaces (defined by columns, walls, and ceilings) are congruent with the social spaces (defined by activities and human groups)

212

210

219 218

106

197

213

214

235

207

206

219. FLOOR-CEILING VAULT We seek a ceiling vault shape which will support a live load on the floor above, form the ceiling of the room below, and generate as little bending and tension as possible so that compressive materials can be relied on,

Legibility?

Paths Edges Districts Nodes Landmarks

5 Elements of Image

Boston Los Angeles Jersey City

3 cities in 1960s

The visual form of Boston as seen in the field

Paths / Edges / Districts / Nodes / Landmarks

Boston’s Mind map

Problems of the Boston image

Evaluating city by Mind map

Problems of the Boston image

Evaluating city by Mind map

?

Problems of the Boston image

Evaluating city by Mind map

Spatial vs. Sequential

설계자의 통합적 공간경험과

사용자의 순차적 공간경험?

빌 힐리어의 스페이스 신텍스

공간계획에 분석적 방법 활용예?

Trafalgar Square, London

빌 힐리어의 스페이스 신텍스

Ecological Approach

Ambient optic array Isovist

공간경험의 일반화?

Routing vs Way finding

Interaction between human and space

Route following

versus

Way finding

1. Cortex and Neo-cortex (Human)

2. Limbic system (Mammalian)

3. Brainstem and Cerebellum (Reptilian)

Paul Maclean, 1990

뇌활동과 공간경험의 관계?

N+A, The Seed

http://neuroarch.kr/

Villa La Roche by Le Corbusier

Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright

Paths Edges Districts Nodes Landmarks

5 Elements of Image

Hippocampus

Cognitive Map

Stephen Kaplan: 네 가지 형태의 코드화된 데이터

1. Recognition - 사물의 위치 등 주변 환경에 대한 인식

2. Prediction - 사물 혹은 공간에 대한 예상

3. Evaluation - 해가 될지 아닐지에 대한 판단

4. Action - 주변 환경에 대응하는 반응

Motivation

출근 산책

Route Cognitive Map

Route Cognitive Map

Flexibility

퇴근할 때 볼일을 봐야 한다: 그러나 무의식적으로 집의 주차장에 와있는

나를 발견한다

문화 서울역을 찾아가야 한다: 익숙한 길과 새로운 길을 복합적으로 이해하고

찾아간다

Route Cognitive Map

Information Content

?

Architect and Hippocampus

HIPPOCAMPUS가 공간인지에

어떻게 작동?

Hippocampus

(2008, Edvard I. Moser, Emilio Kropff, and May-Britt Moser)

Place Cell

Grid Cell

Boundary Cell

Head Direction Cell

HIPPOCAMPUS의 일반적인 기능?

Open space = Hippocampus

Jay Pritzker Pavilion

Neuroanatomy Slide Lectures(이원택)

기억이 공간경험에 미치는 영향?

Open VS Enclosed

소비와 공간구조 @백화점

•곡선 쇼핑 동선 @김포공항점 롯데몰 •'바둑판' 매장이 부드러운 '트랙형'으로 •브랜드 '담장' 무너뜨리기

Open VS Enclosed

인간 반응에 대한 측정?

Poizner lab의 VR 영상

Observing Human Behavior

고객이용 패턴 조사를 통한 전략적 역사

공간 연구 (2008, 서울대학교 공학연구소)

Eye Movements

Movement Paths

Clutter Analysis

Observing Human Behavior

Park, G., & Evans, G. W. (2012) The influence of cultural background on wayfinding cues

in unfamiliar buildings, International Association for People-Environment Studies

5 Elements of Image

(Lynch, 1960)

Observing Human Behavior

Hartley et al.(2003), The Well-Worn Route and the Path Less Traveled: Distinct Neural Bases

of Route Following and Wayfinding in Humans, Neuron, 30, 877-888

2D 매체로 3D 공간 표현?

Architect’s Media

건축가의 경험과 창의성?

Telefonplan School in Stockholm by Rosan Bosch Architect

설계자의 통합적 공간경험과 사용자의 순차적 공간경험?

공간계획에 분석적 방법 활용예?

공간경험의 일반화?

뇌활동과 공간경험의 관계?

HIPPOCAMPUS가 공간인지에 어떻게 작동?

HIPPOCAMPUS의 일반적인 기능?

기억이 공간경험에 미치는 영향?

인간 반응에 대한 측정?

2D 매체로 3D 공간 표현?

디자인하는 과학, 실험하는 건축?

Design by Science, Experiment by Architecture?