ku Bahihinzi baciriritse mu Rwanda

Ishingiye ku mabwiriza yamamaza iterambera ry'ubuhinzi burambye

Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN)

Mfashanyigisho mu gutunganya umusaruro wa kawa

Gushimira

© 2011 Rainforest Alliance All rights reserved

Imfashanyigisho yanditswe na:Reiko Enomoto, Training Manager, Sustainable Agriculture Division, Rainforest Alliance

Abafashije mu rwego tekiniki:Jean Marie Irakabaho, Rwanda National Coordinator, Rainforest AllianceWinnie Mwaniki, East Africa Regional Manager, Rainforest AllianceMarc Monsarrat, Senior Manager (East Africa & South Asia), Rainforest AllianceSimon Martin Mvuyekure, Head of Coffee Program, Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB)Jean Marie Sabato, Certification Project Coordinator, Coopac Ltd.Emmanuel Rwakagara Nzungize, President, Coopac Ltd.Gilbert Gatali, Managing Director, KZ Noir Karengera Coffee Ltd.Célestin M. Gatarayiha, Head of Coffee Division, National Agricultural Export Development Board (NAEB)Pierre Claver Gahakwa, Director of Certification, National Agricultural Export Development Board (NAEB)Mario Serracin, Rogers Family Company

Iyi Mfashanyigisho yanditswe hakoreshejwe inkunga y'amafaranga y' Ikigo cy'Ubwongereza Gishinzwe Iterambere Mpuzamahanga - Department for International Development (DFID), Food Retail Industry Challenge Fund (FRICH) na Taylors of Harrogate.

Ikigitabo kandi cyanditswe ku bufatanye n'inkunga byo mu rwego rwa tekiniki twatewe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Guteza imbere Ubucuruzi bw'Umusaruro w'Ubuhinzi mu mahanga (NAEB), Ikigo cy'Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda (RAB), Kompanyi yo Gutunganya no Guteza imbere ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'Ubucuruzi bwa Kawa - Companie pour Organisation et la Promotion des Activités Café (COOPAC) na KZ Noir Karengera Coffee Ltd.

Karengera Coffee Ltd.

Amafoto yafashwe na:Reiko Enomoto, Rainforest Alliance

* Ndashimira by'umwihariko abahinzi bemeye kumfasha babikuye ku mutima mu myitozo-ngiro yakorewe mu mirima yabo kugira ngo nshobore gufata amafoto yakoreshejwe muri iyi mfashanyigisho.

Intangiriro

Umutwe wa 1:Uburyo bunyuranye bwo kurwanya udukoko n'indwara byangiza kawa

Umutwe wa 2:Imikoreshereze ihwitse y'imiti mva ruganda

Umutwe wa 3: Kurengera urusobekerane rw'ibinyabuzima

Umutwe wa 4:Kubungabunga amazi

Umutwe wa 5:Kubungabunga ubutaka

Umutwe wa 6:Gucunga imyanda

Umutwe wa 7:Gufata neza no korohereza abakozi mu kazi

Umutwe wa 8:Imitunganyirize y'isambu

1

ku Bahihinzi baciriritse mu Rwanda

Mfashanyigisho mu gutunganya umusaruro wa kawa

Inta

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Ni gute abahinzi ba kawa baciriritse bakora kugira ngo

haboneke umusaruro wa kawa ku buryo burambye? yi

“Mfashanyigisho ku gutunganya umusaruro wa kawa”

irerekana tekiniki zigamije ubuhinzi burambye

zumvikana kandi zoroheje gushyira mu bikorwa mu

mirima ya kawa y'abahinzi baciriritse bo mu bihugu

by'Afurika. Ibikubiye muri iyi mfashanyigisho

bishingiye ku “Amabwiriza y'Ubuhinzi Burambye”

yatangajwe muri Nyakanga 2010 n'Urugaga Rugamije

Ubuhinzi Burambye. Aya mabwiriza akubiyemo inzego

z'ingenzi zigomba kwitabwaho mu rwego rwo guteza

imbere ubuhinzi burambye. Iyi ni inyandiko y'ibanze

ku muhinzi wifuza kubona icyemezo gitangwa na

Rainforest Alliance.

2

Imikorere mibi Imikorere myiza

Kawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa by'ingenzi muri Afurika gikomokaho umusaruro woherezwa mu

mahanga kandi ikaba ari ikintu abahinzi baciriritse batagira ingano bakomoraho amafaranga.

Nyara ariko, mu gihe haba hakoreshwa uburyo butanoze mu mitunganyirize ya kawa, byazangiza

ibidukikije, bikangiza amazi cyangwa ubutaka bityo bikanangiza n'ubuzima bw'abahinzi baciriritse.

Ibintu kandi bikomeje bityo ntabwo umusaruro wa kawa wakwizerwa kuboneka ku gihe kirekire.

Mu rwego rwo gutuma umusaruro wa kawa uboneka ku buryo buhoraho mu bihe biri imbere,

tugomba gushyira hamwe mu guteza imbere ku rwego rw'umuhinzi uciriritse uburyo bw'imihingire

bwatuma haboneka umusaruro mu burambye. Ni ngombwa ko buri muhinzi yumva ko gukora

hagamijwe umusaruro wa kawa ku buryo burambye ari inshingano ye.

Intangiriro kugira ngo tugere ku buhinzi burambye

1. Kuzuza ku kigero cya 80% ibisabwa byose.

(Muri rusange hari ibintu 99 bigomba kuzuzwa.)

2. Kubahiriza ku kigero cya 50% buri hame

(Hari amahame 10 agomba kubahirizwa.)

3. Kuzuza ibisabwa by'ingenzi byose

(Hari ibintu by'ingenzi 15 bigomba kuzuzwa.)

Kugira ngo uhabwe icyemezo gitangwa na Rainforest Alliance, dore nibura ibyo

ugomba kuba wuzuje.

Byinshi mu bigomba kuzuzwa ntabwo bisabwa abahinzi baciriritse. Muri iyi

mfashanyigisho, turibanda ku bintu by'ingenzi bireba abahinzi baciriritse. Ni

ngombwa kuzirikana ko iyi mfashanyigisho idakubiyemo ibisabwa byose

cyangwa amahame yose akubiye mu mabwiriza y'ubuhinzi burambye, kandi

nta n'ubwo ikubiyemo ibisabwa ku bahinzi bafite imirima minini.

Iyi mfashanyigisho igizwe n'imitwe 8 ikurikira, buri mutwe ukaba urebana n'ihame mu mahame

akubiye mu mabwiriza y'ubuhinzi burambye.

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Ibisabwa kugira ngo hatangwe icyemezo

Ibikubiye muri iyi mfashanyigisho

3

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Umutwe wa 1:Uburyo bunyuranye bwo kurwanya udukoko n'indwara byangiza kawa

Umutwe wa 2:Imikoreshereze ihwitse y'imiti mva ruganda

Umutwe wa 3: Kurengera urusobekerane rw'ibinyabuzima

Umutwe wa 4:Kubungabunga amazi

Umutwe wa 5:Kubungabunga ubutaka

Umutwe wa 6:Gucunga imyanda

Umutwe wa 7:Gufata neza no korohereza abakozi mu kazi

Umutwe wa 8:Imitunganyirize y'isambu

Isomo rya 1

4

Kufumbira neza igihingwa ni ingenzi mu kugira ngo ibiti bigire ubuma

buzira umuze, bibe bishobora kurinda indwara n'ibyonyi. Uburyo bwiza

bwo kugeza ibyunyunyu ku gihingwa cya kawa n'ugukoresha ifumbire.

Ugomba gukoresha ibiro bitanu (5kg) buri mwaka ku giti gito, n'ibiro

bigera kuri cumi (10kg) by'ifumbire y'imborera buri mwaka ku giti

gisarurwa.

Kinyarwanda: Ifumbire y'imborera ivuye mu bishishwa by kawa ishobora

kuboneka ku ruganda rw'ikawa. Ushobora no kwitunganiriza ifumbire

y'imborera ukoresheje imyanda n'ibishingwe.

Uburyo bunyuranye bwo

kurwanya udukoko Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ntabwo ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kurwanya

udukoko n'indwara. Ibiti by'ikawa byitaweho kandi bimeze neza ntibishobora gufatwa

n'udukoko n'indwara ku buryo bworoshye. Iyo bigifatwa n'udukoko n'indwara, hari

uburyo butandukanye bwo kubirwanya bitabaye ngombwa ko hakoreshwa imiti

mvaruganda. Muri iki gice, mugiye kwiga uburyo bwo kurwanya no gukumira

udukoko n'indwara mu buryo burambye.

Ibiro 7-10 by'imborera ku giti

Igihe mukoresha ifumbire y'imborera, mujye

muyishyira iruhande rw'igihimba atari ku

gihimba neza. Kuyishyira ku gihimba bituma

igiti kitabasha gufata ibigitunga uko bikwiye.

Mugomba gushyira ifumbire mu nsi y'ibibabi

by'igiti ari naho haba haherereye imizi

ikigaburira.

Nyuma yo gufumbiza ifumbire y'imborera,

mugomba gutwikiriza ifumbire itaka cyangwa

amababi. Iyo ifumbire igerwaho n'umuyaga

cyangwa imvura, ibitunga ibimera bitwarwa

n'umwuka cyangwa bigatembanwa n'imvura.

Iyo mutwikiriye ifumbire y'imborera, muba muzi

neza ko igiti kizatungwa n'ibiri muri iyo fumbire.

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Gukoresha ifumbire y'imborera

5

Ibisambo n'amashami ya kabiri

nabyo byangize ibyunyunyu

biva ku giti kandi bigatuma mu

mashami y'igiti haba nk'igihuru,

ibi noneho bigatuma indwara

n'ibyonyi byiyongera. Gukata

ibyo bisambo n'amashami ya

kabiri bifasha kongera

umuyaga unyura mu mashami

y'igiti, imirasire y'izuba

igashobora kugeramo, kandi ibi

ni ingezi kugirango igiti kirabye.

Kwicira ni ingenzi kuko bituma imyaka duhinga imera neza kandi igatanga umusaruro. Iyo amashami

yapfuye akiri ku biti aba ariho udukoko n'indwara kandi bishobora no gufata amashami mazima.

Amashami ashaje atakera urubuto na rumwe atungwa n'ibyagatunze igiti ari na byo bituma igiti kigira

ingufu nke. Amashami yapfuye kandi atagitanga umusaruro agomba kuvanwa ku giti.

Kwicira

Kuvanaho amashami yumye

Kuvanaho amashami ahengamye kandi atagitanga umusaruro

Kuvanaho ibisambo byameze ku giti ca kawa

Kuvanaho ibisambo byameze ku mashami y'igiti ca kawa

Kuvanaho amashami yameze ku yandi mashami

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Gukuraho ibitumbwe byasigayeho ku isarura riherukaNyuma yo gusarura, ni ngombwa gusoroma ibitumbwe

bya kawa biba byarasigaye ku giti. Iyo birekewe ku biti

bitera udukoko n'indwara bitandukanye, ndetse utu

dukoko n'indwara biguma mu murima wanyu ndetse

bikazanduza ibitumbwe bishya byo ku isarura

rikurikiyeho.

Ibitumbwe bishaje byasigaye ku giti

Kuvanaho ibitumbwe bishaje

Kubiza ibitumbwe bishaje mu maze ashushe

kugira ngo indwara n'ibyonyi birimwo bipfe

Kugira ngo udukoko

n'indwara biri mu murima

bivemo ni ngombwa

gusoroma ibitumbwe

byasigaye ku biti, mukabiteka

mu mazi ashyushye, maze

mukabitaba mu butaka.

Ibi bituma mwizera ko

udukoko n'indwara byari ku

bitumbwe bitazaguma mu

murima kandi ntibigire

ingaruka ku musaruro wanyu

w'umwaka utaha.

Guhamba bya bitumbwe byabijijwe

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Applying Pyrethrum

Gukoresha piretereIcyitonderwa: iyo uri umuhinzi udakoresha ifumbire mvaruganda kandi wohereza umusaruro muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, iki gice ntikikureba.

Piretere ni izina ry'umutobe

ukomoka ku rurabo rwitwa

“African Chrysanthemum”

ukaba ukoreshwa nk'umuti

kamere wica udukoko. Iyo

"African Chrysanthemum”

itewe mu misozi miremire

nko mu Ntara

y'Amajyaruguru y'u Rwanda

bituma umutobe wayo uba

ufite ubukana bwinshi.

Indabo zitunganyirizwa mu

ruganda rwo mu Rwanda.

“African Chrysanthemum” Umuti wica udukoko w'umwimerere ukozwe mu bireti

Mililitiro 45 z'uwu muti ukozwe mu bireti

zivangwa na litiro 15 z'amazi (ni ku rugero rwa

pompe itera umuti yuzuye amazi). Ushobora

gupima mililitiro

45 mu kuzuza

agafundikizo

k'agacupa

kavamwo uwo

muti inshuro

ebyiri.

Iyo umupfundikizo

wuzuye neza biba

bihwanye na 20ml.

Agakoko gato kitwa “Antestia” gatuma kawa

yumvikanamo umuhumuro nk'uw'ibirayi, gatera

amagi yako mu nsi y'ibibabi. Kubera iyo

mpamvu, iyo dutera umuti wo kwica “Antestia”

tugomba kuwutera duhereye munsi y'ibibabi.

Agasurira

Amagi y'agasurira musi y'amababi

Gutera umuti uturutse musi y'amababi

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Umutego w'udukokoIcyitonderwa: Niba uri umuhinzi udakoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, iki gice ntikikureba

Imitego y'udukoko hakoreshejwe feromone ni uburyo bwiza bwo

kurinda cyangwa kurwanya Agakoko gafata imbuto z'ikawa kitwa

“Coffee Berry Borer”. Iyo mukoresha imitego y'udukoko mugomba

gutega umutego umwe kuri buri biti by'ikawa 100.

Umutego w'udukoko urimwo

impumuro ikurura udukoko

Umutego w'udukoko ukozwe muducupa twa plasitike

Iyo imitego y'udukoko itaboneka ku buryo bworoshye, mushobora

gukora imitego y'udukoko mukoresheje amacupa ya palasitiki.

Udukoko dufata imbuto z'ikawa dukururwa n'amabara y'umutuku;

kubera iyo mpamvu ni byiza gusiga imitego amabara y'umutuku.

Igihe dukoresha ubu buryo bwose butandukanye bwo kurwanya udukoko, bituma ibiti bya kawa zacu

bikomera kandi bigahorana ubuzima bwiza, bityo tukabirinda indwara n'udukoko bitabaye ngombwa

ko dukoresha imiti mvaruganda.

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8

Umutwe wa 2

Imikoreshereze ihwitse y'imiti mva ruganda

Icyitonderwa: Mugihe ukora ubuhinzi bw'umwimerere (agriculture biologique), iki gice ntikikureba.

Ni byiza kudatera kawa zacu imiti mvaruganda ahubwo tugakoresha ubundi buryo bwo

kurwanya indwara n'udukoko muri kawa. Nyamara igihe mugomba gutera imiti, cyangwa

gufata imiti, mugomba kurinda umubiri wanyu kugira ngo utangizwa n'iyo miti.

Imyenda irinda umuntu guhura n'imiti Iyo ugomba gutera umuti, usabwa kwambara imyenda

umubiri wose ukikwiza. Iyo myenda iba igizwe n'ingofero,

amadarubindi, masike iyungurura umuti, imyenda

y'amaboko maremare, ipantalo ndende, uturindantoki na

bote. Nta gice cy'umubiri umuti ugomba kugeraho.

Ni ngombwa ko wambara masike iyungurura umuti aho

kwiyambarira masike isanzwe yo kwirinda ivumbi.

Masike yo kwirinda ivumbi ntikurinda imiti ihumanya.

Masike ikingaivumbi

Masike ikingaivumbi

Masike igukingira imiti mva ruganda Icyitonderwa:

Kwambara ibya bugenewe bigukingira n'ingingo y'ingenzi cyane.

Mu gihe utera umuti mva ruganda, ni

ngombwa ko wambara udukingirantoke

“gants”. Wirinde gukora ku miti mva

ruganda n'amaboko yawe utikingiye.

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Kubika neza imiti mvarugandaIyo ubitse igikombe

cy'umuti mu nzu urugero

nko mu ruganiriro, mu

gikoni, cyangwa mu

cyumba cyo kuryamamo,

abana bawe bashobora

kuwubona bagakeka ko

ari icyo kunywa. Ni

ngombwa kwirinda ko

twakwicuza baramutse

bawunyweye. Imiti mva ruganda mu gikoni

Imiti mva ruganda musi y'igitanda

Imiti igomba kubikwa ahantu

hatari mu nzu kandi hiherereye ku

buryo abana badashobora

kuhagera. Ububiko bw'imiti

bugomba gufungwa kandi aho iri

hagomba kuba hari ikimenyetso

kiburira abantu.

Ububiko bugomba kuba busakaye

kuburyo imvura itageramwo. Ibyo

imiti iteretseho (“etagere”)

bigomba kuba bikozwe muryo

bidafata imiti.

Iyo urimo gutera imiti mu ikawa,

ugomba kubakira igipimo cyawe cya

kawa uruzitiro rukomeye kugira ngo

imiti iva mu gipimo cyawe idahumanya

abantu batuye hafi yacyo cyangwa

abantu barimo kugenda mu mihanda

yegereye igipimo cyawe cya kawa.

Uruzitiro rukomeyeUruzitiro hagati y'umurima n'inzu

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Isomo rya 3

Kurengera urusobekerane rw'ibinyabuzima

Niba umurima wanyu wegereye ibidukikije nk'ishyamba, igishanga, ikiyaga cyangwa uruzi,

mugomba gukora uko ushoboye kose mukabibungabunga neza. Mugomba gukora ku

buryo nta muntu ubyangiza. Umurima wanyu wa kawa ubwawo ushobora guhinduka

ibidukikije igihe muhanga uburyo bw'ubuhinzi bw'amashyamba arimo ibihingwa

bitandukanye haterwa ibiti bitanga igicucu. Muri uyu mutwe, muraza kureba uburyo

mwabungabunga ibidukikije biri mu murima wanyu cyangwa iruhande rwawo.

Iyo hari ibidukikije ibyo ari byo byose nk'urugero

ishyamba, ikiyaga cyangwa uruzi, biri mu

murima wawe cyangwa iruhande rwawo, ubwo

buso bugomba gufatwa nk'ububungabunzwe.

Mu buso bubungabunzwe, gutema ibiti

cyangwa gutera imyaka ntibyemewe.

Kudatema ibiti

Icyitonderwa: Kurengera urusobekerane rw'ibinyabuzima ni ibwiriza ry'ingenzi cyane

Gukoresha ronderezaMukeneye inkwi zo gutekesha ariko mushobora

kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'inkwi mukoresha imbabura

irondereza inkwi. Umuriro w'amashyiga utwara inkwi

nyinshi kandi uteka ahura n'ingaruka ziterwa n'imyotsi.

Imbabura irondereza ingufu igira ubushyuhe

bukomoka ku nkwi kandi iteka neza. Umutetsi ntabwo

ahura n'ingaruka ziterwa n'imyotsi.

Iyo dutema ibiti dushaka inkwi cyangwa kubera izindi

mpamvu zitandukanye, twakagombye no guhita

dutera umubare w'ibiti ungana n'uw'ibiti twatemye.

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Mushobora gutekereza ko ibiti bitanga igicucu bicuranwa ibibitunga n'ibiti bya kawa bityo bikaba

byatuma habaho umusaruro muke. Nyamara ibi ntabwo ari byo kubera ko ibiti bitanga igicucu bigira

akamaro kenshi mu gihe kirekire bikaba byatuma kawa yawe itanga umusaruro mwiza mu gihe

kirekire.

Ibiti bitanga igicucu

Iyo mutemye ibiti byose bitanga igicucu mu

murima wanyu, cyangwa ntimutere igiti gitanga

igicucu na kimwe, umusaruro wanyu ushobora

kuba mwiza mu myaka mike ya mbere, ariko

ntibishobora gukomeza gutyo igihe kirekire.

Iyo ibiti bya kawa n'ubutaka bihura n'imirasire

y'izuba birananirwa maze umusaruro

ugatangira kuba muke. Uretse igihe

hakoreshejwe ifumbire nyinshi mvaruganda

byagorana gukomeza kubona umusaruro

ungana mu gihe kirekire. Gukoresha cyane

ifumbire mvaruganda irimo azote bishobora

gutuma ubutaka bubamo ubusharire kandi

bigatuma umusaruro wa kawa ugabanuka. Umurima utagira igiti na kimwe gitanga igicucu

Kugira ngo ibiti bitanga igicucu bigirire

akamaro ibiti bya kawa, mugomba

kubicunga neza. Iyo ibiti bitanga igicucu

bidakonowe kandi bigakura cyane, igicucu

cyinshi cyane bitanga kibangamira kawa. Ni

ngombwa gukonora ibiti bitanga igicucu mu

buryo buhoraho kugira ngo mukomeze

mugire igicucu gikenewe mu gipimo cyanyu.

Ibiti bitanga igicucu iyo byitaweho neza

bigira inyungu zikurikira

Igipimo kirimo ibiti bihagije bitanga igicucu

Bituma ibiti bya kawa bidahura n'imirasire ikaze y'izuba.

Bituma mu butaka habamo ubukonje bityo biganatuma ubutaka buhora buhehereye.

Imizi yabyo irwanya isuri

Ibibabi byahanutse n'amashami yakaswe bitunga ibimera biri ku butaka.

Bituma ikirere cy'aho umurima uherereye kidahindagurika kandi birinda ibiti bya kawa guhura n'ibihe by'impeshyi n'ubushyuhe bukabije.

Ibiti bimwe na bimwe, nk'urugero “Calliandra”, ni ibinyamisogwe kandi ishyira nitorojene mu butaka.

Ibiti bimwe na bimwe bitanga imbuto n'imbaho nk'umusaruro w'inyongera ubyara amafaranga.

Bitewe no kurinda ibiti bya kawa n'ubutaka, umusaruro uriyongera kandi ugahora ari mwiza mu gihe kirekire.

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LeuceanaMarkhamiaCalliandraAlnusIngaFicus/UmuvumuPolycias fulva/UmwungoCordina AfricanaMaesopsis

Leuceana

Markhamia

Alnus

Calliandra

Ibiti bitanga igicucu bigomba guterwa kuri 6m X 6m. Ntibigomba guterwa byegeranye hirengangijwe

ibi bipimo bivugwa hejuru. Niba mudafite ibiti bihagije bitanga igicucu mu murima wanyu, mutangire

mubitere buri gihembwe kugeza igihe mugize umubare w'ibiti usabwa.

Ibi biti biri kuri lisiti haruguru,

ni ibiti gakondo cyanwa

byaturutse muri Africa.

Bishobora guhingwa mu

murima wa kawa atakibazo.

Birabujijwe gutera ibiti

bidasanzwe nk'inturusu

ugamije igicucu cyayo mu

murima wanyu wa kawa.

Inturusu ibangamira ikawa

n'indi myaka.

Ibiti byemewe ko bitanga igicucu

Inga (Payipayi)

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Cordia Africana

Ibiti bya Makadamiya bishobora kuvangwa na kawa. Nyamara

ariko ibindi biti by'imbuto nk'umwembe, avoka, itsina n'ipapayi

ntibiremezwa ko bishobora kuvangwa na kawa mu Rwanda.

Polycias fulva / Umwungo

Umuvumu

Umuhumuro

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Umutwe wa 4

Kubungabunga amaziAmazi ni ingenzi mu buzima. Isoko yanyu y'amazi iramutse yanduye, byagira ingaruka

zikomeye ku buzima bwanyu no ku buzima bw'amatungo yanyu. Amafi yatangira gucika.

Isoko yanyu y'amazi iramutse ikamye, ubuzima bwanyu n'ubw'amatungo yanyu ntibishobora

kuramba. Muri uyu mutwe mugiye kureba uko mwabungabunga amazi.

Koza ibikoreshoNyuma yo gutera imiti, ntimugomba koza ibikoresho

mu kiyaga, mu ruzi cyangwa mu mugezi. Imiti

ihumanya amazi kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima

bw'inyamaswa ziba mu mazi; urugero: amafi. Igihe

mwoza ibikoresho byanyu mu migezi, muba

mwangiza ubuzima bw'abantu n'ubw'inyamaswa

kandi bishobora gutuma n'amafi acika.

Amazi yakoreshejwe mu koza ibikoresho

byakoreshejwe mu gutera imiti agomba gusukwa

mu cyobo cyuzuye amakara. Amakara asukura

amazi yanduye.

Iyo mumesera imyenda mukanogereza amasahani mu kiyaga, mu ruzi cyangwa mu mugezi,

isabune na omo bihumanya amazi. Mujye mucukura icyobo kiriho amabuye kugira ngo mwirinde

kumena amazi yanduye mu buryo butaziguye mu migezi.

Amazi y'imyanda yo mu rugo

15

Kubungab

unga

amaz

i

Stream dried up

Inturusu ziri hafi y'utugeziInturusu ntabwo ari igiti gikomoka muri Afurika kandi

mbere na mbere yatewe mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibihe

by'izuba. Ku bw'ibyo, iyo iteye hafi y'umugezi, yitwarira

amazi ku buryo wa mugezi ushobora gukama.

Mugomba kwitondera gutera inturusu kandi ntizigomba

guterwa hafi y'imigezi. Iyo muretse ibiti by'inturusu biri

hafi y'umugezi, mushobora gutakaza wa mugezi mu gihe

kizaza ugakama.

Kugira ngo murinde imigezi, mugomba kurimbura

inturusu ziteye hafi y'imigezi. Ibi byatuma mwizera ko

muzakomeza kubona amazi mu migezi mu gihe kiri

imbere.

Inturusu ziteye hafi y'umugezi

16

Kutema inturusu ziteye hafi y'umugezi

Kubungab

unga

amaz

i

Icyitonderwa:

Tugomba kudahinga hafi y'amasoko y'amaziIyo muteye kawa cyangwa imboga hafi y'ikiyaga,

uruzi cyangwa umugezi, ubutaka buri hafi y'umugezi

buzatwarwa n'isuri maze bwanduze amazi. Igihe

mutera kawa umuti, uwo umuti uzinjira mu mazi

kandi uzanayahumanya.

Ntabwo mugomba gutera imyaka hafi

y'imigezi. Niba mwarahinze imyaka hafi

y'imigezi ntimuzayitere umuti. Guhera

umwaka utaha, ntimuzagire ikintu mwongera

kuhahinga.

Kubika amazi y'imvura

Imvura ni inkomoko

ikomeye y'amazi. Iyo

mushyize hamwe

amazi y'imvura igwa

ku bisenge by'amazu

yanyu mushobora

kubika amazi menshi

mu rugo. Ibi bituma

mudatakaza igihe

mujya kuvoma kandi

binatuma mushobora

kubona amazi mu gihe

cy'izuba.

Mugomba kutajugunya imyanda mu masoko y'amaziNtimukajye mujugunya imyanda iyo ari yo yose mu masoko y'amazi. Mugomba gukora ibyo mushoboye byose kugira ngo amasoko y'amazi yanyu ahore asukuye.

Kutanduza amazi no kwirinda kuyajugunyamo imyanda ni ikintu kigomba kwitabwaho cyane.

17

Kubungab

unga

amaz

i

Kubungabunga ubutakaUmutwe wa 5

Ubutaka ni ishingiro ry'ubuhinzi. By'umwihariko ubutaka bwo hejuru bukize ku bitunga

ibimera no ku tunyabuzima dutuma ibintu bibora. Ubutaka bwo hejuru kandi bufitiye

akamaro kanini imyaka yanyu. Nyamara ariko iyo ubwo butaka butegejwe umuyaga

ndetse n'amazi, ibitunga ibimera birigendera kandi butwarwa n'amazi ku buryo

bworoshye. Muri uyu mutwe mugiye kwiga uburyo bwo kurinda ubutaka isuri.

Ibyatsi bitwikiriye ubutakaIgihe ubutaka bwambaye ubusa bukomeza gutwarwa

n'isuri n'umuyaga. Amaterasi y'indinganire ashobora

kandi kuriduka cyangwa agateza inkangu.

Kubagara ukoresheje isuka no gucukura ubutaka

bishobora nabyo gutuma ubutaka bwo hejuru

butwarwa n'umuyaga bikaba byateza isuri.

Nimureke ibimera biri ku butaka bibugumeho mu rwego rwo kuburinda isuri. Aho gukoresha amasuka

ni byiza gukoresha imihoro igihe cyo kubagara kugira ngo mudahungabanya ubutaka cyangwa ngo

mukureho ibibutwikiriye byose.

18

Temeda

CalliandraElephant grassNapier grassThemeda triandraTripsacumCalliandra

Gutera ibyatsiAhahanamye mujye muhatera ibyatsi kugira ngo

bifate ubutaka. Niba murimo gukora amaterasi

y'indinganire, gutera ibyatsi ku mpande z'amaterasi

Uretse no kurwanya isuri kandi, ibyatsi

bishobora gusarurwa maze bigakoreshwa mu

gusasira. Ibyatsi bimwe na bimwe bishobora

no kugaburirwa amatungo.

Ibyatsi bidufasha kurinda isuru

(Icyitonderwa: Calliandra ntabwo ari icyatsi, ariko ushobora kujya ugikata kikaguma ari gito kuburyo kigufasha kurinda isuri. Amababi yaco ni meza nk'ibiryo by'amatungo.)

GusasiraGusasira imyaka ni ingirakamaro mu kurwanya isuri. Ibyatsi byakoreshejwe mu gihe cy'isasira

birabora maze bigahinduka ifumbire y'ubutaka. Isaso ituma ibyatsi bibi bitamera. Isaso ituma ubutaka

buhehera. Dushobora gusasira ubutaka twifashishije amashami twakase, ibyatsi twasaruye,

ibigorigori n'ibibabi. Isaso nziza ntigomba kurenza 5cm z'umubyimba

19

Gutera imyaka itwikira ubutakaGutera imyaka itwikira ubutaka y'ibinyamisogwe nka Mimosa na Vetch na bwo ni ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya isuri. Ibi bimera ntibikura cyane kandi bikura birandaranda ku butaka maze bigatwikira ubutaka bwose. Iyo imyaka itwikira ubutaka yakwiriye ku butaka bwose, ibindi byatsi bibi ntibishobora gukura, bityo kubirwanya bikoroha.

Ibyatsi bifata ubutaka byo mu bwoko bw'ibinyampeke bifite ubushobozi bwo kongera “azote” mu butaka.

Umurama wa “Mimoza” Umurama wa “Vetch”

Mimoza iriho urakura igenda ikwira kubutaka hose

“Vetch” iriho urakura igenda ikwira kubutaka hose

Mimoza imaze gukwira kubutaka hose

Mimoza imaze gukwira kubutaka hose

Guca imiyoboroMu rwego rwo kuyobora

amazi y'imvura mu

murima umuntu

atagombye gukora

ikidendezi kinini cy'amazi,

dushobora guca

imiyoboro ica mu mikingo.

Imiringoti ikingiwe n'ibyatsi

Ni byiza gutera ubyatsi ku nkengera z'imiringoti kugira ngo tuzikingire.

20

Gucunga imyandaUmutwe wa 6

Mu murima yanyu hari imyanda ikomoka ku

bimera n'idakomoka ku bimera. Iyo iyo myanda

icunzwe cyangwa itwitswe nabi ishobora kwangiza

ubuzima bwanyu no guhumanya ibidukikije. Ku

rundi ruhande iyo imyanda icunzwe neza ibera

umurima wanyu umutungo w'ingirakamaro.

Muri uyu mutwe, murareba uburyo bwo gucunga

imyanda ikomoka ku matungo no ku bimera

n'imyanda idakomoka ku bimera.

Imicungire y'imyanda ya palasitiki

Palasitiki ntizibora

ngo zihinduke

ubutaka, bityo rero

ntimugomba

kuzijungunya ku

butaka.

Zigomba gushyirwa

mu mufuka maze

zikabikwa kugeza igihe

zijyaniwe

n'ababishinzwe ku rwego rwa Leta cyangwa

n'umuyobozi wanyu.

Imicungire y'imyanda ikomoka ku matungo no ku bimera Imyanda yo mu gikoni, amase y'inka, imyanda ikomoka ku bigori, insina

no ku mboga ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu gukora ifumbire y'imborera mu

rugo. Iyo bikozwemo neza ifumbire maze bigashyirwa mu murima

bishobora kongera cyane umusaruro wa kawa zacu

Gutwika imyanda birabujijwe

amasashe yajugunywe ku butaka

Gukusanyiriza amasashe mu mufuka

21

Gucu

nga

imyan

da

Uko bakora ifumbire y'imboreraMbere na mbere nimukore ikimpoteri. Ikimpoteri kigomba kuba

kiri mu nsi y'igicucu. Iyo gihura n'izuba n'imvura, ibitunga ibimera

bishobora kujyanwa n'umwuka cyangwa gutembanwa n'imvura.

Ku bw'iyo mpamvu mugomba kubaka igisenge cyoroheje hejuru

y'ikimpoteri. Ikimpoteri kigomba kandi kuba hejuru y'ubutaka ku

buryo umwuka uva mu nsi yabwo utemberamo.

Mushobora gusakarisha ibyatsibyumye nk'ibigorigori, amashami

yakonowe ku biti n'ibibabi byumye.

Mushobora gukoresha ibibabi nk'ibibabi by'imyaka yasaruwe, Titoniya

n'ibijumba cyangwa ibibabi by'inzuzi z'ibihaza. Ni ngombwa kubikatakatamo

uduce duto cyane kugira ngo bishobore kubora ku buryo bworoshye.

Ni ngombwa cyane gushyira mu ifumbire y'imborera Titoniya n'imigozi

y'ibijumba cyangwa ibibabi by'inzuzi z'ibihaza kubera ko bikize ku bitunga

ibimera bya ngombwa byitwa zenke (zinc) na baroni (boron). Zinke na baroni

bifasha ibiti byarabije kugumana ururabo no kudahunguka kw'imbuto

(ibitumbwe) kabone n'iyo ibiti bifite ururabo cyangwa uruteja rwinshi. Bityo

rero, ibi bitungabimera bifite akamaro kanini mu kuzamura umusaruro wanyu.

Incenga z'ibigori

Ikimoteri gisakaye

Amashami yakaswe kw'ikawa

Ibisigazwa

by'imyaka bisigara

mu murima uze

gusarura

Titoniya

“Pumpkin” cyangwa

ibijumba

Gukata ibikoresho mu duce dutoduto

22

Gucu

nga

imyan

da

Shyiramo umwanda n'ivu byo mu gikoni. Bikize cyane ku bitunga ibimera nka potasiyumu,

kalisiyumu, sodiyumu na manyeziyumu

Ivu ryo mu gikoni

Imyanda iva mu gikoni

Mushyireho amase y'inka, ubutaka bwo hejuru cyangwa ifumbire y'ibyatsi, n'ibindi bintu ufite. Ibi

bintu bikize tunyabuzima dutuma ibintu bibora.

Mugende mukora iyo mvange y'ibintu bivuzwe

hejuru kugeza mugize ikirundo kinini mu kimpoteri.

Mugomba kugenda muhindura imborera ibiri hasi

bijya hejuru n'ibyari hejuru bikajya hasi buri

byumweru bibiri kugira ngo bishobore kubora ku

buryo bworoshye. Iyo ukubora birimo kuba,

ubushyuhe bw'ibiri mu kimpoteri bugomba

kuzamuka. Mushobora gushinga inkoni mu

kimpoteri kugira ngo mubashe kumva ingano

y'ubushyuhe.

Ifumbire y'imborera iba ibonetse mu gihe kiri

hagati y'amezi abiri n'atatu. Iyo itunganye

igomba kuba nta mpumuro ifite, ari umukara

kandi yumye. Ifumbire nziza igirira akamaro

ubutaka bwanyu kandi ituma ibiti bya kawa

yanyu bitanga umusaruro mwiza kurushaho.

23

Gucu

nga

imyan

da

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ifumbire y'amazi ukoresheje TitoniyaIyo mudafite ibikoresho bihagije cyangwa umwanya wo gukora ifumbire y'imborera, mushobora

kwikorera ifumbire mvaruganda y'amazi mukoreheje gusa Titoniya.

Titoniya

Gukata titoniya mu duce

dutoduto

Gudushira mu ndobo

Kuzuza ya ndobo n'amazi

Kuvanga buri misi ibiri

Nyuma y'byumweru bibiri, umuti uzaba ushoboragukoreshwa

Muyungurure ibyatsi mwifashishije umufuka

Ifumbire itunganyije24

Gucu

nga

imyan

da

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ifumbire y'amazi ukoresheje amase y'inka

Amase y'inka

Mushyire amabasi atanu y'amase y'inka mu mufuka

Kumanika umufuka mu ingunguru (cyangwe indobo) ukoresheje igiti hanyuma ukuzuza amazi ya ngunguru

Gufundikira ya ngunguru

Mucuguse wa mufuka buri minsi ibiri

Iyo fumbire y'amazi

izaba yahiye mu

byumweru bibiri

Mukure wa mufuka

mu ngunguru

Ifumbire

Mu kuyitera, ushobora kuvanga ifumbire

yakozwe muri titoniya n'iyakowe mu mase

y'inka mugihe zombi uzifite

Mufumbize igikombe kimwe iruhande rw'igiti mugisuka

hafi y'aho igiti gitereye mu butaka25

Gucu

nga

imyan

da

Umutwe wa 7

Icyitonderwa:

Gufata neza no korohereza abakozi mu kazi

Iyo muhaye akazi abakozi mu gihe cy'isarura cyangwa akandi kazi, mugomba kubafata neza.

Imirima yacu igomba kubera abayikoramo ahantu hashimishije.

Guha abakozi amazi meza yo kunywa

Abana bagomba kujya ku ishuri mu gihe cy'amasomo yo mu cyumweru. Hatitawe ku bwinshi bw'akazi mwagira mu gihe cy'isarura, ntimugomba guhagarika abana kwiga ngo baze kubafasha mu murima. Nyamara abana bashobora kudufasha akazi koroshye mu mpera z'icyumweru cyangwa mu biruhuko.

Abana ntibashobora guhabwa akazi mu murima. Abana bashobora gusa kudufasha nyuma yo kuva ku ishuri kandi ntibagomba gukora mu murima amasaha menshi yashobora kugira ingaruka ku myigire yabo. Abana ntibagomba gukoreshwa mu murima imirimo ikomeye ishobora kubatera ibibazo cyangwa kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo.

Kudaha akazi abana bari mu nsi y'imyaka 15 n'ihame ridakuka.

Abana biga

Gufa

ta n

eza

no

ko

roher

eza

abak

ozi

m

u k

azi

Abakozi bakora mu mirima yanyu bagomba

kubona amazi meza yo kunywa igihe cyose

baje gukora mu mirima yanyu. Mugomba

kubategurira amazi meza yo kunywa maze

akazanwa mu murima.

26

•••••

••

Umurima

Itariki

Izina ry'igihingwa

Uko umusaruro ungana

Igipimo cyo gutera imiti

wakoresheje

Izina ry'uruganda

Ibikoresho wifashishije

utera imiti

Itariki

Isomo ryatanzwe

Uwahuguye

Amazina y'abahuguwe

Umukono cyangwe

igikumwe cy'abahuguwe

•••••

Itariki

Izina

Umurimo wakozwe

Amasaha y'akazi

Umushahara

•••••

•••

Igikorwa

Ingengabihe

Umuntu ubishinzwe

Igihe mutegura ibikorwa byanyu, ikarita yoroheje y'umurima wanyu ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro cyane. Mushobora kwerekana ku ikarita aho mugomba gukorera ibikorwa byo kurwanya isuri, aho mugomba gutera ibiti cyangwa ibyatsi, ahari amasoko y'amazi mugomba kubungabunga n'aho mugomba kubaka uruzitiro rukomeye.

Ni ibiki byingenzi bikubiye muri gahunda y'ibijkorwa

Gushyingura inyandiko

Nyuma yo gukora igikorwa, mugomba kubika inyandiko. Iyo mubika inyandiko, mushobora gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y'ibikorwa mukanahamya ko ibikorwa byateganijwe byakozwe. Nibura ibikorwa bikurikira bigomba kwandikwa.

Gutera imiti (mugihe hari iyo utera)

Gutera Ifumbire y'imborera / mvaruganda

Gutera ibiti / ibyatsi

Gusarura

Amahugurwa y'abakozi (mu gihe ufite abakozi

bakeneye guhugurwa)

Gutanga akazi nyakabyizi (niba bikorwa)

Ibyangombwa byo kwandika muri raporo yo gutera imiti

Ibyingenzi byandikwa muri raporo y'amahugurwa

Ibyingenzi byandikwa muri raporo yo gukoresha abakozi

Imitunganyirize y’isambuUmutwe wa 8

IteganyamigambiIbintu byose mwabonye muri iyi Mfashanyigisho bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu mirima yanyu.

Kugira ngo bishyirwe mu bikorwa, mbere na mbere mugomba gukora igenamigambi ryabyo. Muri

gahunda y'ibikorwa, mugomba kwandika ibikorwa, igihe bigomba gukorerwa n'umuntu ushinzwe

ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo.

Imitungan

yir

ize

y’isa

mbu

27