Medical Emergencies EMT 100 Heart Attack – Myocardial Infarction.
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Transcript of Medical Emergencies EMT 100 Heart Attack – Myocardial Infarction.
Medical Emergencies
EMT 100
Heart Attack – Myocardial Infarction
Atherosclerosis – plaque buildup & thrombosis
Signs & Symptoms Chest pain
Constant pressure May radiate
Signs of shock Denial Feeling of impending
doom
Angina Pectoris Signs & symptoms without
permanent damage to myocardium
“practice heart attack” Signs & symptoms usually
start to improve after a few minutes of rest
If in doubt, consider it a heart attack
Treatment Have patient rest
Sitting position Loosen clothing around
neck
Pain meds ACTIVATE EMS!
Stroke – Brain Attack
Atherosclerosis is again the major cause!
Vessel(s) become occluded due to plaque buildup or thrombosis
Or, brittle vessels rupture
Signs & Symptoms(like a head injury)
Treatment If conscious and good
airway control: Rest in a sitting position Reassure Activate EMS
If unconscious or poor airway: Recovery position with
weak/paralyzed side down Reassure Activate EMS
Diabetes – poor utilization/regulation of blood
sugar (glucose)
Problem is with insulin utilization and production
Complications: high blood sugar(Diabetic Coma)
Too much carbohydrate intake or not enough insulin and/or other meds
Develops gradually May be how patient is
initially diagnosed
Maintain ABC’s and activate EMS
Complications: low blood sugar(Insulin Shock)
Too much insulin/other meds or too little carbohydrate intake
Develops very rapidly Can be very damaging to
brain cells
If conscious, give sugarUnconscious-ABC’s and EMS
Asthma – transient inflammation of the airways
Often triggered by allergy Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing Wheezing Coughing
Treatment Have patient sit up and
rest Get patient’s meds If not responding, activate
EMS
Hyperventilation – exhaling too much CO2
May be caused by physical or emotional stress
Patient complains of: Inability to catch breath Tightness in chest Tingly sensation in hands
and feet Lightheaded/dizzy May lose consciousness
Have patient slow breathing by coaching them
Medical direction may have them “rebreathe”
May need EMS
Grand Mal Seizures (Tonic-Clonic)
Head injury Stroke Brain lesion Infection High temperature (febrile) Electrolyte imbalance Hypoglycemia Sleep deprivation Hypoxia Epileptogenic tissue (Epilepsy)
Grand Mal Seizure Phases
TonicClonicPostictal - dazed and confused - incontinence - N & V
Treatment during seizure
Tonic phase: Help down if possible Nothing else! Do not force anything in patient’s mouth!
Clonic phase If jerking not too severe, place patient on side Prevent injury – move objects or pad the area Never try to restrain the movements!
Postictal ABC’s Reassure EMS if clonic goes back to tonic
Drug OD Maintain ABC’s Activate EMS Watch your back!
Communicable (Infectious) Diseases
Diseases caused by microbes, ie bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungus,
etc
Transmission: Direct Contact
Body fluids
Transmission: Indirect Contact
People or objects who come in contact with microbe and then spread
it to others
Transmission: Droplets (Airborne)
Coughs, Sneezes, etc
Prevention and Protection Frequent handwashing Barriers
Gloves Mask Eyewear Gowns
Don’t reuse anything between patients without cleaning or replacing
Maintain your own health Rest Exercise Nutrition Immunizations!
Let’s hit the lab!