Med LEZ 13 LIPOGENESI
Transcript of Med LEZ 13 LIPOGENESI
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BIOSINTESI ACIDI GRASSI e
LIPOGENESI
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ADIPOCITA
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SHUTTLE CITRATO-MALATO-PIRUVATO
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Malonil-CoA
+ BIOTINA
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-ACP-
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Tappe della biosintesi- I
ACP
ACP
Cys
Cys
Cys
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II TAPPA
ACP
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III TAPPA
ACP
ACP
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IV TAPPA
ACP
ACP
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ACIDO
GRASSO
SINTASI
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Acido grasso sintasi
CE
CE
ACP
ACP
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I TAPPA
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Diverse TAPPE
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Preliminary fit of TE (green backbone trace) and KS I (maroon trace) in the 20-Å resolution cryo-EM mass density.
Bornali Chakravarty et al. PNAS 2004;101:15567-1557 2
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B-ossidazione Biosintesi
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Acetyl-CoA carbossilasi
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citrato
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Acetyl-CoA carbossilasi
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REGOLAZIONE della sintesi degli acidi
•REGOLAZIONE POSITIVA: buona condizione energetica � molto AcetilCoA � aumenta Citrato citosolico attivatore di Acetil CoA carbossilasi. Eccesso di carboidrati� trasformato in lipidi (AcetilCoA proviene dalla glicolisi).
•REGOLAZIONE NEGATIVA: elevata concentrazione di Acidi grassi inibisce Acetil CoA carbossilasi � se avviene sintesi degli acidi grassi non ha senso che avvenga la degradazione(COMPARTIMENTALIZZAZIONE)
Il Malonile inibisce il trasportatore della carnitina che porta Acili nel mitocondrio per effettuare la β-ox. Importante regolare la fase iniziale (sintesi del malonile) perché dalla produzione di Malonile la sintesi procede senza altri punti di regolazione
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Allungamento (RE, MIT)
REMalonilCoA e NADPH
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Acidi grassi insaturi (RE)
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Desaturasi (RE)
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Sintesi acidi grassi� Il nostro organismo è capace di sintetizzare acidi grassi a lunga catena e pari.
� Il nostro organismo e’ capace di sintetizzare acidi grassi INSATURI
NO
Ac. LINOLEICO 18:2
Ac. LINOLENICO 18:3
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ENDOCANNABINOIDI
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Endocannabinoidi
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TRIGLICERIDI
La sintesi di acidi grassi è seguita dalla formazione ditrigliceridi che avviene soprattutto:NEL FEGATO CHE LI ESPORTA
NEL TESSUTO ADIPOSO CHE LI IMMAGAZZINA
TESSUTOADIPOSOCELLULA ADIPOSA
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Azione degli ormoni sui TRIGLICERIDI:
INSULINA: buona condizione energetica• Stimola assorbimento di glucosio dal sangue.• Sintesi glicerolo• Agisce sul tessuto adiposo favorendo accumulo di trigliceridi• Inibisce la lipasi ormone-sensibile del tes adiposo. • Blocco della degradazione dei trigliceridi
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Attiva LIPASI ORMONE SENSIBILE (P) del tes adiposo ���� degradazione trigliceridi
Rilascio di glicerolo e acidi grassi liberi nel sangue (Acidi Grassi Non Esterificati �NEFA)
Trasporto via albumina nei vari tessuti (fegato).
GLUCAGONE: (necessità energetica)
LIPASI ORMONE SENSIBILE
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