MCM Journal Volume 8

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ย volume 8 ย 1 ย แ€€แ€— แ€ฌ 5. - แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€ แ€ ย ย แ‚•แ€˜แ€ (แ€™ ย ย ย แ€ธแ€‘แ€€ ) 6. - แ€† ย แ€ธแ€™ ย แ‚ ย แ€œ ย ย ย แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ‚• แ€†แ‚แต ย (thanthannaing) 7. - แ€† ย ย  แ€„ แ€ž แ€ž ย ย  ย แ‚” ....แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ (แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ ย แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€– ) 8. - แ€ฑแ€” แ‚ ย ย  แ€„ ย แ€ž ย (Nicole) 9. - แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€† ย ย ย แ€ธแ€€แ€—แ€ฌ (Mg Joseph) 10.- แ€›แ€„ ย แ€ผแ€€ ย ย แ€„ ย แ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€• ย ย ย (แ€™ ย ย ย แ€ธแ€‡แ€€ แ€„แ€š แ€„แ€š ) 11. - แ€›แ€„ ย แ€ผแ€€ ย ย แ€”แ€ฌ (thanthannaing) 12. - แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ แ€žแ€Š แ€† ย ย แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ ย แ€œแ€Š ย แ€ธ (แ€‚แ€… แ€—แ€ฌ) 13. - แ€žแ€… แ€…แ€™แ€ธแ€ แ€ธ (แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ ย แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€– ) 14. - แ€กแ€† ย ย ย แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€›แ€œแ€’ ย (แ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฌ ย แ€€ ย ย ย แ€€ ย ย ย แ€œแ€„ ย แ€ธ(แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€€ ย แ€ธ)) 15. - แ€ก ย แ€™ ย แ€™แ€€ ย แ€‘แ€€แ€ก ย แ€™ ย แ€™แ€€ แ€›แ€Š (แ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฌ ย แ€€ ย ย ย แ€€ ย ย ย แ€œแ€„ ย แ€ธ(แ€ฑแ€™ ย แ€ผแ€€ ย แ€ธ)) 16. - Facebook Crazy (Nyo Maung) 17. - Never & Ever (Nyo Maung) 3 18. - แ€แ€„ย (แ€แ€€แ€) 20. - แ€ž แ‚•แ€€ ย ย ย (Nay Dune) ย แ€แ€… ย แ€™ แ€€ แ‚แ€ฌ ย แ€แ€ แ€ ย ย ย ย แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ ย แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ 23. - แ€แ€› ย แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž ย แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ ย แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ - (Nay Dune) 29. - แ€ ย (Nyo Maung) 32. - แ€ แ€€ ย แ€ปแ€•แ€ ย แ€ปแ€แ€„ ย แ€ธแ€กแ‚ ย แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ (แ€† ย ย ย แ€– ) 38. - แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ธแ€œ ย แ€ ย ย ย แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ ย แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€… ย แ€ฑแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ ย แ€ธ (แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ ย แ€™ ) ย แ€™แ€ฌแ€ ย แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ ย แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ 3.- แ€› ย แ€… ย แ‚€แ€€ ย แ€™ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ ย แ€แ€™ ย แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ ย แ€ปแ€แ€„ ย แ€ธ (Site Admin) 5 18 23

description

2015-07-19

Transcript of MCM Journal Volume 8

Page 1: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 1/199volume 8   1

 แ€€แ€—แ€ฌ 5. - แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€ แ€  แ‚•แ€˜แ€ (แ€™   แ€ธแ€‘แ€€)

6. - แ€† แ€ธแ€™ แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€†แ‚แต (thanthannaing)

7. - แ€†  แ€„แ€žแ€ž   แ‚”....แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ (แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€–)

8. - แ€ฑแ€” แ‚  แ€„ แ€ž (Nicole)

9. - แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€—แ€ฌ (Mg Joseph)

10.- แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€€  แ€„ แ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€•   (แ€™   แ€ธแ€‡แ€€แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š)

11. - แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€€  แ€”แ€ฌ (thanthannaing)

12. - แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ (แ€‚แ€…แ€—แ€ฌ)

13. - แ€žแ€… แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ธ (แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€–)

14. - แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€›แ€œแ€’ (แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€   แ€œแ€„ แ€ธ(แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€€ แ€ธ))

15. - แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€ แ€‘แ€€แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š(แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€   แ€œแ€„ แ€ธ(แ€ฑแ€™

 แ€ผแ€€ แ€ธ))

16. - Facebook Crazy (Nyo Maung)

17. - Never & Ever (Nyo Maung)

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18. - แ€แ€„ (แ€แ€€ แ€)

20. - แ€žแ‚•แ€€   (Nay Dune) แ€แ€… แ€™แ€€แ‚ แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€    

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ 23. - แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ - (Nay Dune)

29. - แ€ (Nyo Maung)

32. - แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ (แ€†   แ€–)

38. - แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ธแ€œ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ (แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ แ€™)

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ 3.- แ€› แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ (Site Admin)

5

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47. - แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ‚  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ (แ€€   แ€œแ€)

54. - แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌ (Nay Dune)

58. - แ€กแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ (แ€€   แ€œแ€)

68. - แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚• (Eureka)

77. - Dr. No แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ Agent 007 (แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแพแ€žแ€›แ€ฌ)

89. - แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€• แ€แ€ซแ€™แ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€™แ€› แ€ผแ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ (jurassic)

100. - แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š (Eureka)

117. - แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€›   แ€แ€š (thanthannaing)123. - แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€แ€… แ€…แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ (แ€˜แ€แ€แ€… )

129. - แ€š   แ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ€žแแ€›แ€œแ€’(แ€ž   แ‚”) แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

(thaethae)

132. - แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€™  แ€” แ€‚   แ€ธ (Nicole)

135. - แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€›แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€†แ‚แต (Nay Dune)

 แ€แ€แ€    

140. - แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ‚ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

(แ€™   แ€ธแ€‡แ€€แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š)

154. - แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€แ€•แ€‘แ€™ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€™แ€แ€„ (April 99)

169. - แ€กแ€แ€… แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ (Eureka)

 แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š

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  แ€› แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ - แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ

  แ€› แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€  แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€กแ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€แ€”แ€   แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ‚ แ€…  แ€› แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€  แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€’ แ€šแ€ฌแ€–  แ€›แ€™ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€› แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€œ   

แ€†  แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ผแ€กแ€” แ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€€    แ€‘แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€œ    แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„    แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™

 แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€” แ€œ แ€  แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€›แ‚•แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”  แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€กแ€‘

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€  แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€†  แ€›แ€„

แ€กแ€žแ€… แ€€   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€… แ€    แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ผแ€œแ€š แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ แ€ผแ€‘แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ‹ Online แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ Virtual World

แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€†   แพแ€€แ€   แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€  แ€„ แฟแ€™แ€ แพแ€€แ€œ   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€šแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘

แ€›แ€• แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™ แ€แ€แ€€ แ€แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€˜  แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€• แ€แ€Šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€†แ‚แต แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ‹

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แ€’แ€‡  แ€„ แ€ธ - Gold Dust (แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”)

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€… - แ€™แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€งแ€•แ€›แ€š แ‰แ‰แŠ แ€€   แ€‚แ€… แ€•แ€† แ€Ÿแ€แŠ แ€€  แ€Šแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แŠ ko pauk แŠ แ€€   Lucky 82

 แ€   แ‚”แ‚แ€„   แ€แ€ผแ€€  แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€Š แ€•   แ€•   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ

 แ€–แ€แ€›แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

Best Regards,

Site Admin

www.mmcybermedia.com

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แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ž แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€›  แ€ž

แ€กแ€„  แ€žแ€” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€›แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€•

แ€†   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”

 แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€›

แ€กแ€ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€…แ€„แ€ž

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€˜แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€™แ€•แ€ซ

 แฟแ€•แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ก แ€ .. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€ž 

 แ€‘   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ž แ€€ แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€›

แ€’แ€˜แ€โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.

แ€žแ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€š  แ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€€  

 แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€› แ€’แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€›แ€š..

 แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ

แ€กแ€แ€ฑ แ€’แ€ซแ€ž แ€’ แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€„ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

 แฟแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€ แ€” แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ โ€ฆ แ€’แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆโ€ฆ..แ‹

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€‘แ€€

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€ แ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€

Page 6: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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(แ)

แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€œ  แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆแ‹

(แ‚)

แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅแ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€  แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€šโ€ฆแ‹

(แƒ)

 แ€Ÿแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜ แ€ธ

แ‚   แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ก,แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ‚” แ€• แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€œแ€Š   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€   

แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€› แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ‚   แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ

 แ€…แ€… แ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แฟแ€™ แ€” แ€แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€€   

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌโ€ฆแ‹

(แ„)

แ€žแ€žแ€›แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€š แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€™   แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ

 แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ

 แ€€   แ€š  แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€•แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซ

 แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€›   แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€žแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€„แ€ซแŠ แ€ž แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™ แ€” แ€ธแ€™

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€”แ€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆแ‹

(แ…)

แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธ

 แ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€œ   แ€แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€™แ€š

แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ แ€–แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€•..แ‹

thanthannaing

แ€† แ€ธแ€™   แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€†แ‚แต

Page 7: MCM Journal Volume 8

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qd   kif ol od   k .................ay:pm

แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€…  

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€€ แ€… แ€ธ

แ€   แ€€   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€™

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€›

แ€†  แ€„แ€ž แ€™ แ€ผแ€œ  

แ€กแ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€…แ‹

แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€…  

แ€กแ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€œแ€€

 แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€‚แ‚‹แ€œ แ€

แ€†  แ€„แ€ž แ€™ แ€ผแ€œ   

แ€กแ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€…แ‹

แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€…  

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แ€€   

 แ€ผแ€…  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€†   แ€ธแ€  แ€›

แ€†  แ€„แ€ž แ€™ แ€ผแ€œ  แ€กแ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€…แ‹

.................

.................

  aqmif;o&zD

Page 8: MCM Journal Volume 8

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  แ€œแ€Š   แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€” แ‚”

 แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€” แ‚”

  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€˜ แ€ธ  แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•

  แ€ž แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ‚•แ€” แ‚”

  แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

  แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธ

  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

  แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€  

  แ€Šแ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ‚ แ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€  แ€ž แ€•แ€ซ...

  แ€™แ€†  แ€„ แ€  แ€ž แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„

  แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•..

แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  

  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€’แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธ

  แ€™แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ  แ€„แ€ซแ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€แ€š

  แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…

แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…

  แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€   แ€แ€šโ€ฆแ‹

eDud  k;vf

  aeEd   kif ol

Page 9: MCM Journal Volume 8

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aemufqH   k: uAsm

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€Ÿ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  ...

 แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€–   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€… แ€ธแ€€แ€›แ€€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ  

 แ€… แ€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€แ€›...

แ€„แ€ซแ€†แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€˜ แ€ธ...

 แ€แ€„แ€žแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€žแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€   แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š...

แ€›แ€„แ€˜แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„   แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€›  แ€” แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€œ   แ€œ   แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ...

แ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€ แ€แ€† แ€ แ€แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€š...

แ€กแ€   แ€€แ€กแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€› แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”...

แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ...แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌ....แ‹

 Mg Joseph

Page 10: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆ

แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€– แ€ธแ€   แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€š แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€   แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ 

แ€แ€แ€แ€ แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€• 

แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ‚ แ€ฌแ€™ แ€œ   แ‚” 

แ€„แ€ซ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€•แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€œ   แ‚” 

 แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Šแ€แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•

แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€™ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€• 

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€ แ€• แ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€  แ€˜ 

 แ€‘ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌ โ€ฆ

แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€Š   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€€แ€   แฟแ€• แ€™   แ‚” 

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ โ€ฆ

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ 

แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€žแ€ผแ€•  โ€ฆแ‹

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€‡แ€€แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š

แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€€  แ€„ แ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€•  

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แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€™แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€… แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€แ€… แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”

แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€•แ€” แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€โ€ฆ.แ‹

แ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€   แ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€… แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€แ€… แ€แ€šแ€” แ‚”

แ€žแ€žแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™

 แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  โ€ฆแ‹

แ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”

แ€ž แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜

 แ€€   แ€š แ€•แ€ž แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ แ€กแ€ž

แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€โ€ฆ แ€ž

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™

แ€˜แ€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€โ€ฆแ‹

  thanthannaing 

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แ€žแ€… แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ธ

 แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€›แ€š

 แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€™  แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„

แ€žแ€›  แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€• แ€กแ‚ แ€ แ€แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€™ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ€•แ€ซ

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€› แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ž แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€

แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€„ แ€™แ€  

แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€žแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š

 แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ 

 แ€œแ€€แ€ผแ€†  แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ.....

 

aqmif;o&zD

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แ€˜แ€แ€…   แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€  แ€›แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€›แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€แ€Š แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€›

แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ€” แ‚”

แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€”แ€š แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€   แ€แ€š

แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€šแ€แ€ซแ€†   แ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€™  แ€  โ€ฆ โ€ฆแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€› แ€˜  แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œ แ€   แ‚”แ‚’แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€š

แ€˜แ€แ€–แ€”แ€žแ€… แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€›แ€„โ€ฆ

แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€…   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแฟแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€œ   แ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€„   แ€แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”

แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€ผ แ€š แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ž แ€…แ€„แ€ผแ€žแ€„

 แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€„  แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€œ  แโ€ฆ โ€ฆแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€› แ€˜  แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œ แ€   แ‚”แ‚’แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€š

แ€˜แ€แ€–แ€”แ€žแ€… แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€›แ€„โ€ฆ

แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ž แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€แ€ผแฝแ€”

แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€†แ€„   แ€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แก แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ  แ€›แ€…แโ€ฆ โ€ฆแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€› แ€˜  แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œ แ€   แ‚”แ‚’แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€š

แ€˜แ€แ€–แ€”แ€žแ€… แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€›แ€„โ€ฆ

แ€—แ€’แถแ‚แ€ผแ€š แ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”

 แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€แ€…  แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…

 แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€…   แ€แ€€ แ€   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€  

แ€žแ€š แ€•   แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€œ  แโ€ฆ โ€ฆแ‹

แ€˜แ€แ€…   แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€  แ€›

แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€›แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€Š แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€›

แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ€” แ‚”

แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€”แ€š แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€   แ€แ€šโ€ฆ

 แ€œ แ€   แ‚”แ‚’แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€š

แ€˜แ€แ€–แ€”แ€žแ€… แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€›แ€„โ€ฆ

แ€žแ€žแ€›แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ‚แถแ€žแ€ฅ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€”แ€—แบ แ€ฌแ€” แ€แ€š

แ€žแ€…แฅ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€ แ€“แ‚’แ€ฌแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

 แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€†แ€š แ€€แ€ธ แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€•   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”

แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€”แ€˜แ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€€ แ€žแ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€…แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€แ€š แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆ โ€ฆ โ€ฆ โ€ฆแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€   แ€œแ€„ แ€ธ (แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€€ แ€ธ)

tqH   k:owf&v'f

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แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€€

แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€œ  

 แพแ€€แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ผแ€–   แ‚”

 แ€œ แ‚”แ€˜แ€แแ€›แ€Š แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ผแ€†  แ€†แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแโ€ฆแ‹

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€€ แ€… แ€ธแ€’แ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€แ€แ€›แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆแ€” แ‚”

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€™แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  โ€ฆ แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  โ€ฆ แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  โ€ฆ โ€ฆ

 แ€€แ€™แบแ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€„แ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€‰แ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€โ€ฆ

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แโ€ฆแ‹

 แ€…แ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€…

แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€โ€ฆ

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•  แ€› แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œ  โ€ฆ

แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆโ€ฆ

แ€กแ€„  แ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€โ€ฆ

แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€š แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€โ€ฆ

แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€› แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€โ€ฆ

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€…แ€   

 แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€™   แ€ธ แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แฟแ€–แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”

แ€กแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ

แ€กแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ‚€แ€€ แ€™โ€ฆ

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€˜แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€’ แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ‚€แ€€ แ€™โ€ฆ

 แ€แ€ แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€„  แ€แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ‚€แ€€ แ€™โ€ฆ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€’แ‚’แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€› แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ€” แ‚”

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€€แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š

 แ€แ€€แค แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ แ€Šแ€™   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘

 แ€แ€… แ€–แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€” แ€ธโ€ฆแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€   แ€œแ€„ แ€ธ (แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€€ แ€ธ)

แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€ แ€‘แ€€ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š..

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 แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€

Facebook แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€„แ€ซ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚ แ€ฌแ€„  แ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

Facebook แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€Ÿ แ€ธแ€Ÿ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แ‚   แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€… แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ

Facebook แ‚ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€• แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‹

  Nyo Maung

acebook Crazy

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  แ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แšแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ž แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€™แ€แ€˜ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€„   แ€€  

แ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€• แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€แ€„   แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ (แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ - แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€”แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธ) แ€แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ€  แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€’แ€Šแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€€แ€” แ€  แ€› แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€แ€„  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€™แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‹

  แ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ‚   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€–แ‚•แ€”แ‚”แ€ž แ€… แ€™ แ€… แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€„  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ

 แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€… แ€™แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€   แ€š   แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ‚แ€„   แ€€   แ€š แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€•   แ€™แ€” แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€›   แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€œแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   

 แ€šแ€†แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€… แ€™ แ€™แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€„  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€…แ€› แ€ แ€–แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€• แ€แ€„   แ€œแ€€ แ€‘ แ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œ แ€… แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€„   แ€€   แ€ผแ€† แ€š แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€„   แ€€   แ€˜ แ€‚แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€  แ‹

  แ€แ€„  แ€›แ‚• แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€Š แ€  แ€† แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€แ€„  แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€€   แ€žแ€› แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€• แ€•   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€กแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€แ€„แ€ž แ€• แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€† แ€•แ€„แ€กแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€   แ€ธแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€แ‹

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  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€€    แ€•  แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€กแฟแ€™แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ โ€ฆ โ€œ แ€กแ€’ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ โ€ฆ แ€ผแ€€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€•

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌโ€ แ€   แ‚”  โ€ฆ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€–แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„  โ€œแ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ฑแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ (แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€–แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€… แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€) แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€ แ€แ€„   แ€€    โ€œแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€„แ€šแ€” 

โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”โ€ แ€  แ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹

  แ€แ€„  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€  โ€ฆ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€…แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌ โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€›แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€— แ€ธแ€•  แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€†  แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ  โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€†   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ โ€ฆ แ€แ€„ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€แ‹ (แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€”แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ YKKO แ€†  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™

 แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹)

  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€œ แ€„   แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€™แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ‚    แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘

แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€„  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ 5 Movie แ€€ แ€œแ‚Šแ€„   แ€   แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•

 แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€” แ€€   แ€ธแ€œแ€• แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ แ€€    แ€แ€„  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ผแ€…  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ (แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€แ€„แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹) แ€€  แ€› แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ โ€ฆ

 แ€€  แ€› แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€•แ€”แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€Šแ€” แ‚” แ‚ แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€   แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€  

แ€แ€„   แ€€   แ€ก   แพแ€žแพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€’ แ€œ  แ€”แ‚” แ€• โ€ฆ.

  แ€แ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แšแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€™แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€… แ€–   แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€›  แ€   แ€•

แ€แ€„   แ€… แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€€   แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€• แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹

0uf0H

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿ  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€– แ€ธแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€”แ€Šแ€Šแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š  แ€›แ‚Šแ€” แ€ธแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

 แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€แ€Šแ€›   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€–แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

 แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€žแ‚แ€„  แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ‚   แ€€ แ€€   แ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™แ€แ€ แ€™แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€žแ€Š..

 แ€แ€Šแ€›   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€… แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ‚แ€„  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™แ€˜แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€–แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›  โ€ฆ.แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€†   แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€œ แ€„  แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€Š   แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€› แ€ผแ€–แ€šแ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€‘  แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€€แ€ž   

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

  แ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ‚   แ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€„แ€žแ€Š    แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€… แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€•แธ แ€”แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€”โ€ฆ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™แ€แ‚   แ€ธแ€œ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

 แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€•แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€•แ‚” แ€แ€•   แ€€ แ€•   แ€€โ€ฆ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ก แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ž   

 แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€ž   แ‚” แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  ....

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„   แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€€ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ‚‘แ€ฌแ€”แ€žแ€Š

 แ€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€Šแ€  แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€‘  แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ‚  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Š.. แ€žแ€”แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€žแ€™  แ€กแ€ฌแ‚  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ.

  แ‚ แ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€ž แ€€    แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›โ€ฆ แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   

 แ€€   แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€œโ€ฆ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€šแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™  โ€ฆ

แ€แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‚•โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€›  โ€ฆ แ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€”แ‚” แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€ž แ‚” แ€•  แ€› แ€• แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œ   แ€™แ€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ

แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

  แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€› แ€ž แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ‚แ€„  แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€ผแ€   แ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€†แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€กแ€œ   แ€™แ€€แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€†   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€  โ€ฆ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€™  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€Šแ€ž   แ‚” แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€Šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธโ€ฆ.

  แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€›   แ€ผแ€ แ€š แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€   แฟแ€•โ€ฆ แ€žแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€› แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€€แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€โ€ฆแ€žแ€žแ€Š แ€› แ€–แ€”แ€›แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€† แ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€šแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

แ€ž   แ‚”แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ. แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€ผแ€– แ€šแ€กแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€ผแ€–แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€   แ€ธแ€ แ€€ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€•แ€„

 แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘โ€ฆ.

  แ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ‚แ€„   แ€€   แ€š  แ€†แ‚แตแ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€š  แ€†แ‚แต แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€Š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

 แ€€   แ€šแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€    แ€€   แ€š แ€€ แ€แ€”แ€   แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€ž แ‚” แ€•  แ€› แ€• แ€Ÿ

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ แ€™แ€Šแ€ž แ€™แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žโ€ฆ

 แ€€   แ€š แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Š.. แ€‘   แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™   แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€˜แ€šแ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€” แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€žโ€ฆ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•โ€ฆ

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แ€žแ€žแ€Š  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€   แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€€แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€€   แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€žแ€Š แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ.

แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€Šโ€ฆ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€…   แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€›แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š  

แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šโ€ฆ

Nay Dune

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  แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š  แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€• แ‹

 แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€œ    แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ  แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€•แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ž   แ‚”  แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€… แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€• แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›  แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€€  

 แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ก   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ก แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€ซ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ก  แ€’ แ€™แ€š  แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€œ    แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€‘แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€• แ€€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ แ€•แ€„ แ€…แ€Š แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€ แ€• แ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ‚   แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€™แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€• แ€’ แ€œ  แ€žแ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

ae\ynfawmfc&D:

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€™ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€ผแ€€ แ€• แ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€… แ€™  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™  แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€œ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€แ€„แ€แ€ซแ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ แ€•   แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€… แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€•   แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€›แ€› แ€กแ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€  

แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€ แ€™ แ€–แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€  แ‹ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›   แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แš

 แฟแ€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ‚  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€žแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€€ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ปแ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ‚  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€™แ€ผแ€‘ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ‚€แ€€แ€œ   แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™

แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€›  แ€แฟแ€™ แ€” แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€™แ€šแ€ก    แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€Ÿ   แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€… แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€™แ€€ แ€… แ€‘  แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€€แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€”แ€    แ€œแ€”แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€    แ€•แ‚  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€—แ€ธแ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š  แ‚แ‚ˆแ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€› แ‚” แ€แ€Š   แ€แ€Š   แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฅแ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€›แ€ฌ

แ€ก   แ‚”แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€ป แ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€šแ‚แ‚ˆแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€š แ€€    แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ‚  แ€„ แ€    แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€… แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€’แ€” แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€•  แ€แ€แ€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€† แ€ธแ€’แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ‚• แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€

 แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€•แ€„   แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’ แ€แ€žแ€™แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€   แ€ป แ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•

แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ/แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซ แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ‚‡  แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€แ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€‘  แ€กแ€…  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€…แ€ แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€›  แ‚   แ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€‘แ€• แ€‘แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™  แ€€แ€”แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€…แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ž  แ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€” แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„  แ€ก  แ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€– แ€šแ€กแ€ž แ€™ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€„แ€กแ€†  แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€›แ€• แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ   แ€• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€

 แ€ฑแ€…แ€” แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€œ    แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€™แ€…แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ฑแ€™แ€…แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€•   แ€…แ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€แ€š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€˜แ€šแ€†แ€˜แ€š แ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ž  แ€ก   แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แพแ€€

Page 25: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 25/199volume 8   25

 แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€€ แ€€แ€” แ€…แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€   แ€แ€„ แ€•   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€” แ€…แ€Šแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€” แ€…แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€š แ€š แ€…แ€› แ€ แ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€› แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•   แ€™   แ€œแ€แ€†แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€แ€„   แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”

 แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‚แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€ แ€• แ€แ€š  แ€กแ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€…   แ€œแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ‚   แ€ธแ€…   แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€…   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€•แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€…   แ€œแ€„ แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ‚‘แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€คแ€› แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€   แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€„แ€žแ€™ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š

แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแแ€œ   แ‚”  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€œ  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”  แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€†  แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€ แ€ก   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€    แ€„แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€™ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€Ÿ   แ€œ   แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€†   แ€€แ€†   แ€€ แฟแ€™แ€€ แฟแ€™แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€แ‹

แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€  แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ž  แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ž แ‚”แ€†แ€… แ€‚แ€”แ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€… แ€€ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€  แ‹ แ€€ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€‘แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€ซแ€–แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑ แ€’แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€  แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ แ€€ แ‚   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€†  แ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€–   แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€€    แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€•   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ‚   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ แ€€  

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Š  แ€†  แ€„แ€†แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€š แ€   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ‚   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€€แ‚แท แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ

แ€แ€•แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‚   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ    แ‚   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€แš แ€• แ€€ แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€™แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€ฌแ€’ แ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ž  แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ‹ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€€แ€แ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   

แ€ก แ€ แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€š  แ€›แ€„ แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿ   แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ แ€”แ€† แ€€ แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ  

แ€†  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€€แ€” แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€ฑ  แ€•แšแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€   แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€  แ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€„แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™

 แ€šแ€”แ€” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€•   แ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€œ   แ‚” แ€šแ€”แ€” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€™ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€ Excellent แ€†   แ€  

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ Excellent แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„แ€”แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚ แ€…แ€†  แ€„แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€แ€š  แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€–แ€šแ€›   แ€แ€š แ€œ   

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Š  แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€šแ€›แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…   แ€…   แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฅ  แ‡ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™  แ‰ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘  แ€กแ€” แ€•แ€œแ€‚ แ€ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€˜ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ (แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š)แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

 แ€ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  แ€†   แพแ€€แ€ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ    แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€• แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€กแ€‘

 แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€›    แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€กแ€‘แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€•แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

 แ€แ€แ€žแ€Š   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€‡ แ€แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€–แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ผแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ผแ€†   แ€€   แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ผแ€†  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€™ แ€„ แ€™ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ€€แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€กแ€ž แ€• แ€…   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ผแ€†แ€ž แ€•แŠ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€…  แ€ž แ€•แŠ แ€žแ€›แ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แŠ แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€•แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€†  แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ‚”   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€”แ‚”แ‹ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž   แ‚” แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€†  แ€„ แ€€แ€šแ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€• แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€   แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€€ แ€œแ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€—   แ€œแ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€™  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€› แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€€ แ€œแ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€š แ€‚ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” 

แ€ฑแ€› แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€™แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€žแ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€ซ แ€žแ€ฌแ€“แ€ฑแ€แšแ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ‹

 แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€˜แ€™  แ€ฑแ€‚แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แซแ‚Šแ€” แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ (แ„แ€แ€)แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›   แ€   แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€ฑแ€‚แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€Šแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€• แ€žแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„   แ€œ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€† แ€‚แ€„ แ€˜ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€• แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€… แ€  แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€†แ€€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ‚   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€…แ€   แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€”แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€ฑแ€‚แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€    แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€„แ€šแ€†แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€กแ€†แ€„  แ€†แ€„   แ€œแ€€แ€†แ€„   แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ‚   แ‚” แ€…   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€•แ‚”แ€ แ‚   แ‚”แ€˜ แ€ธแ€   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

(แ„แ€แ€)แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€… แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€  แ€›แ€    แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แพแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€™ แ€งแ€Š  แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€š แ€แ€กแ€œแ€แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€› แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€ฑแ€‚แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€€    แ€€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€  แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌแ€‚แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€›  แ€›แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ แ€€   แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€…แ€™แ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แšแ€   แ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€ แ€ผแ€œ แ€  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€€  แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€กแซแ€ผแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฅแ€›แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€•

แ€แฟแ€™ แ€” แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€• แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€…  แ€แ€ฅ แ€›แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ    แ€‘แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„(แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ผแ€‘แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซ)แ‹ แ€‘แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€œ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž   แ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ž   แ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ž   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€›  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€   แ€แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€” 

แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ก แ€ แ€€   แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€†    แ€†แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ก แ€แ€ผแ€   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€œแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ‚€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ž   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”

 แ€แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€™   แ€ธแ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€… แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€„ แ‚” แ€แ€œ แ€œ

 แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€…แ€„ แ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ‚   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€   แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”

แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€  แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€” 

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€›แ‚•แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€šแ€ฑ แ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ฅแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€š

แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ฅแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€• แ€€   แ‚€แ€€ แ€แ€กแ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€–แ€…

แ€†แ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€  

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€›แ€กแ€›แ€€ แ€• แ€€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€š แ€€ แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€

 แ€• แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ž แ€•แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ‚ แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€แ€” แ€šแ€„ แ€šแ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€–   

 แ€• แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ž แ€• แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Page 28: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 28/199volume 8   28

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€†แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€†แ€šแ€ผแ€†แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€‘แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€—แบ แ€ฌแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€แ€†  แ€žแ€œ    แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•  แ€œ แ‚”แ€˜แ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ‹

แ€” แ€™   แ€แ€–แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€œแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€“ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€… แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€ แ€™แ€”แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€แŠ แ€ฅแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€žแ‚  แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€—แ€’แถ แ€‚แ€ซแ€šแ€ฌแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€†แ€ฌแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฅแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ   (แ€แ€› แ€…แ€ฌแฆแ€”แ€ฅแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ )แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฅแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แŠ แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„  

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€Š แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€   

 แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€‘ แ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€Š แ€•   แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€… แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€Šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€… แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€œ   แ€€  แ€แ€… แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€กแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€™   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€š แ€€แ€š แ€š แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€…   แ€€แ€žแ€™ แ€ž แ€ธแ‚   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€–แ€›แ€ž แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€… แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€–แ€› แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€œ   

แ€›แ‚Š  แ‚•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€†  แ€แ€ แ€   แ€‚ แ€แ€žแ€  แ€›   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€œ    แ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€–แ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†แ€ฌแ€€ แ€    แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€… แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€ฑแ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€” แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€›แ‚Š  แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€™แ€€ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ  แ€แ€–   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€แ‹

  แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€š แ€    แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€” แ‚”  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€–   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€–   แ€ธ แ€แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›   แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€›แ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€•   แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€  แ€„แ€   แ€œ แ€    แ€   แ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ‚” แ€šแ€ฌแ€กแ€‘แ€• แ€‘แ€•แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€žแ€œ    แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€›แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€Šแ€˜แ€€ แ€   แ€€แ€”แ€› แ€€แ€•แ€ก แ€•แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€™แ€Šแ€ž   แ‚” แ€•แ€„แ€†  แ€ฑแ€… แ€šแ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€…แ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€† แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€† แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€† แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ‹

Nay Dune

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  แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ โ€œแ€  โ€ แ€†   แ€ แ€’ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€  

 แ€™แ€žแ€ผแ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€” แ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€žแ€แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€  แ€…แ€”แ€… แ€แ€…แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€ž แ€€    แ€แ€…แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€“ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€  แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚    แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€‚ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€… แ€” แ‚” แ€†   แ€‡ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ แ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แ€’ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€• แ€” แ‚” แ€– แ€— แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ โ€œแ€žแ€›แ€€โ€ แ€   แ‚” โ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€žโ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€   โ€œแ€žโ€ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€€ โ€œแ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€ แ€   แ‚” โ€œแ€˜แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€   โ€œแ€žโ€ แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€ž  แ€แ€…แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   -

แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”    แ€›แ€” แ€‚แ€”

 แ€œแ€…แ€ฌ แ€œแ€‡แ€ฌ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€—แ€„

 แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธ (แ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธ)

แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซแ€’   แ‚”

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ โ€œแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€โ€ แ€€    โ€œแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€‚โ€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€€   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   โ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€โ€แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•

แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€ž แ€€    แ€แ€…แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€แ€กแ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€žแ€

 แ€…แ€žแ€แŠ แ€แ€žแ€แŠ แ€•แ€žแ€ (แ€€แŠ แ€…แŠ แ€แŠ แ€•) แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€†   แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ แ€„  แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ - แ€›แ€€แŠ แ€แ€… แŠ แ€™ แ€แŠ แ€œ แ€•

แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€กแ€ž แ€€   แ€™แ€œแ‚Š แ€™ แ€ธแ€™   แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ผแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€œแ€…แ€ฌ แ€œแ€‡แ€ฌ

 แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€—แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€—แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„  แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€   แ€ผแ€   แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€—แ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€„แŠ แ€ŠแŠ แ€”แŠ แ€™แŠ แ€šแŠ แ€›แŠ แ€œแŠ แ€แŠ แ€Ÿ

แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ - แ€œแ€„แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ŠแŠ แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™

แ€กแ€’ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€™แ€›   แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€    แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€‘ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€’ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€‡แ€” แ€ธ (แ€‘แŠ แ€† แ‚ แ€…แ€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹)

แ€แ€… แ€แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€„  แ€แ€… แ€แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€‚แ€„ (แ€แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ โ€œแ€โ€ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ โ€œแ€…โ€ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹)

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€€แ€”แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€€แ€”แ€€ (แ€œแŠ แ€” แ‚ แ€…แ€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹)

 แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ (แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€— แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹)

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แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€… แ€€   แ€†แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€    โ€œแ€  โ€ แ€†   แ€    แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€š

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€‚   แ€แ€š

แ€แ€… แ€   แ€แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€ แ€แ€š

แ€†  แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€†   แ€‚   แ€แ€š

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แ€แ€š

 แ€‘แ€„แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€‘แ€„ แ€‚ แ€แ€š (แ€„แ€žแ€ แ€™   แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹)

Nyo Maung

 แ€€   แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‹ แ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ - แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„ (แ€“แ‚ แ€ปแ€–)

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 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€„   โ€ฆ

แ€†   แ€– แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€•   แ€…แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€   แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€›แ€„แ‹

แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€ผแ€œแ€š แ€€แ‚   แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€„แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€แ€€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ โ€ฆ

 แ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€ฅแพแ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€Šแ€ž แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ (แ) แ€…แ€Š แ€ธ (แ€€ แ€œ   แ€แ€€แ€แ€” แ‚”)แŠ

แ€˜แ€ฅ (แ‚) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€”แ€ฅแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ (แ) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

แ€† (แ…) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠแ€ฑแ€แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” (17) g แ€กแ€‘ แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธ (แ) แ€‘ แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ

  แ€’แ€šแ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚” แ€† แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€† แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„  แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€€   แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ‚ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„   แ€ฑแ€แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€„แ€” แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™   แ‚”  แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

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 แ€™แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€„  แ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ซแ€” แ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แ€˜แ€ฅ (แ‚) แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€€

 แ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€ฅแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€›แ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„  แ‹

 

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ปแ€– แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€แ€€

 แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ (แƒแ€) แ€€แ€• แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€† (แแ€) แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” (แ‚) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€ฅแ€žแ€ธ (แ) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠแ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€กแ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„  แ‹

 แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€•  

  แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ปแ€–แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€—   แ€€แ€กแ€‘ แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€…แ€œแ€ธ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€•แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ‚ แ€…แ€แ€ซ แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€›แ€†แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€กแ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€   แ‚”แ€”แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€€  

แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ‚แ‚Š แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€– แ€ฑแ€ฅแ€žแ€ธ (แ) แ€œ   แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€แ‚แ‚Š แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

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แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ

  แ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€†  (แแ€) แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€† แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€† แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„

แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€„

 แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„   แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€”แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แ€แ€• แ€ผแ€– แ€ผแ€–แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€ซ แ€แ€•แ€Šแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€  

แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š  แ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€   แ€š   แ€… แ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€„  แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€ž   แ‚” แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€„แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€  แ€แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€›แ€„  แ‹

  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€” แฟแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แ€   แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ปแ€–แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€„  แ‹

 

 แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€… แ€ แ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€ (แ‡แ€) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€† (แแ€) แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€”แ€ฅแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ (แ…) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€ฅแ€žแ€ธ (แ‚) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ผแ€   แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธ (แ…) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€กแ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€”แ€„  

แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„  แ‹

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 แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€•  

  แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€›แ€†แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€‘ แ€แŠ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€กแ€แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€”แ€„  

แ€กแ€„แ€”แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€„แ€” แ€€    แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€”แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€•  แ€›  แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€”แ€ฅแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ (แ…) แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ‚แ‚Š แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€– แ€ฑแ€ฅแ€žแ€ธ (แ‚) แ€œ   แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ‚แ‚Š แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ผแ€† แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ

  แ€’แ€šแ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚” แ€† (แแ€) แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€† แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„  แ€”แ‚แ€ผแ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„  แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€„แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ แ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘ แ€† แ€€  

แ€žแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™  แ€”แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ (แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ แ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹) แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€€   แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€„แ€” แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€  แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€” แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€„  แ‹

 

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€ฅ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€… (แ‚แ€) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€† (แ‡) แ€€แ€• แ€ผแ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” (แƒ) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€– (แ) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

 แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€Šแ€ž แ€ธ (แ…) แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ

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 แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธ (แ…) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

 แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌ (แ‡) แ€€แ€• แ€ผแ€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธ (แ) แ€ผแ€  แŠ

แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฅ แ€ž แ€ธ (แƒ) แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ

แ€„แ‚ แ€ แ€ผแ€•แ€ž แ€ธ (แ…) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€† แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

 แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€กแพแ€€แ€Š แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ

แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€”แ€„  

 แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€™แ€†แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„  แ‹

 แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€•  

  แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€” แ‚”  แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€– (แƒ) แ€™แ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€Šแ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„   แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€…แ‚แ€„  

แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€•แ€ซแ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ‚แ‚Š แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹- แ€„แ‚ แ€ แ€ผแ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€‘ แ€•แ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฅ แ€ž แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€Šแ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€•   แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€… แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ‚Š แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€€   แ€‘แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€›แ€–แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

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แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ

  แ€’แ€šแ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€†  (แ‚) แ€€แ€• แ€ผแ€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ€–   แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€†แ€ž

 แ€แ€–แ€… แ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€™ แ€กแ€–   แ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€›แ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€ž   แ€ธแ€›แ€„

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€… แ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„  แ‹

- แ€’แ€šแ€ก   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚” แ€† (แ…) แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แ€‘แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ‚ แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€… แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ‚Š แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€” แ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ (แ‚) แ€™แ€”แ€…แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ก แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€Šแ€ž แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ‚ แ€ แ€ผแ€•แ€ž แ€ธแŠ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€Šแ€กแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแŠ แ€†แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ‚แ€„    แ€„แ‚ แ€แ€†แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ แ€ก แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€„แ€” แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฅ แ€ž แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹- แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Š แ€€   แ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

- แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€„แ€” แ€€   แ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€„  แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€™แ€†แ€œแ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€€   แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€  แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€›แ€„  แ‹

  แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แพแ€€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€กแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€ป แ€•แ€Š   แ€…   แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€ฅ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„แ‹

  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€Šแซแ€ผ แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€„  แ‹

qd  kzD

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vdifwlcspf ol (Gays) rsm:tajumif:

waphwapmif:

  แ€’ แ€œแ€‘ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€€ แ€œแ€„ แ€ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„  แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€’ แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€„ แ€  แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€ 

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„  Gay แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€  (แ€‚แ€”แ€’ แ€ธ)

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€แ€ž

แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Gay แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…  / แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€„ แ€แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€  แ€žแ€†  แ€›แ€„ GAY แ€ฑแ€‚(แ€œ) แ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ(Lesbian แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€ž แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแšแ€แšแ€žแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ) แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€œ   แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€  แ€ž แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แšแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ    แ€แ€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€ฌแ€œ   

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‚แ€”แ€’ แ€ธ

แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€žแ€›แ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ Gay แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€žแ€›แ€–   แ‚” แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   Gay แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‹ แ€™แ€Šแ€ž แ€™แ€†   แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€• แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€—แ€‡แ€กแ€› แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™  แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€’  Gay แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€” แ‚”  แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…  แ€กแ€ž  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€…แ€… แ€‘ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€    แ€ž

 แ€€แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€   แ€žแŠ แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€› แ€€ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แ€œ   แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  Gay แ€†   แ€    แ€ž แ€€ แ€•   แ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€˜ แ€™แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€†แ€”แ€› แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€แ‚•แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™ แ€™ แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€’ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Gay แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ Gay

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€–แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†   แ€   แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹แ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€™แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€

 แ€™แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€—แ€‡แ€กแ€›แŠ แ€… แ€แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€› แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€™ แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€‘แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€„

 แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€‘แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€„  แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ป แ€™แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€

 แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€—แ€‡แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€€   แ€œ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ€แ€„ แ€€  แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€›แ€„

 แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•   แ‚”แ€žแ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ Gay แ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  

แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€š แ€€แŠ แ€™ แ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€”แพแ€€แ€    แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€˜ แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š  แŠ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€˜ แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   Gay แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€–แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€   แ€ธ แ€‚แ€•   แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€žแ€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ‚• Gay แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€€แ€กแ€› แ€œ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„

แ€ แ€šแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€œแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ 

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€•  แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€žแ€œแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ‚”  แ€‘แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€•

แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€•แ‚•แ€–แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€•แ€   แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€œแ€„ แ€แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ แ‚” Gay แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€š แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ‚” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€… แ€ แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€†  แ€„แ€žแ€œ  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€€  แŠ แ€แ€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€›  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€„แ€š แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ‚”  แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€˜แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ Gay

(แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ‚”แ€ž) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€Š  แ€ธแ€„แ€š  แ€›  แ€ แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚” แ€€    แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€’  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€š แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ    แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€š แ€€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€€  

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ€—แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ‚” แ€• แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ  แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€แ€€แ€š แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚” แ€€    แ€กแ€’  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€˜แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„ แ‚”  แ€žแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‹ โ€œแ€กแ€’  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌโ€ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€‘แ€„แ€ แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€—แ‹ แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” โ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š แ‚”โ€ แ€” แ‚”  แพแ€€แ€Š แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€แšแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€‘   แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ‚” แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€’ แ€‘แ€€  แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€œแ€š แ€€ แ€ผแ€€   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€– แ€–แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„  โ€œแ€กแ€œแ€š แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•โ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€› แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€ แ‚”แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ‚€แ€€ แ€แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€‘ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ  แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ก แ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€†แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ Gay แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  Gay แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€œ แ‚” แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€  แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€†  แ€แ€›แ€แ€š แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‚”แ‹ แ€แ€”แ€€แ€œ   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€  

 แ€œ   แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ‚” Gay แ€™แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแŠ

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚”  แ€œแ€„ แ€… แ€  แ€ แ€šแ€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ 

 แ€œแ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ‚”แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ‚แ€ผ   แ‚”

 แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€™  แŠ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ    โ€œแ€”แ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซแ€” แ‚”โ€ โ€œแ€›แ€„แ€”แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€” แ‚”โ€ แ€ž   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€†   แ€ธ แŠ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€”แ€†   แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€… แ€šแ€ฌ แ€แ€แŠ แ€‘แ€™ แ€แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€š แ€ผแ€–  แ‚” แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€•  แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š 

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€ป แ€•แ€™

แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€€แ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚”  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แŠ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” 

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 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ‚แ‚แตแ€›แ€› แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”  แ€™ แ€™ แ€€   แ€š แ€™ แ€™  แ€ผแ€€   แ€ผแ€€  แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›

แ€กแ€ฑแ‚แ‚แตแ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ž แ€™  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™

 แ€‘  แ€„แ€›  แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€€   แ€š แ€€แ€„ แ‚”แ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€Š แ‚” แ€แ€ แ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€   แ€š แ€€แ€„ แ‚”แ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€กแ€› แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ‚” แ€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€™ แ€™  แ€œแ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€œ    แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€แ€šแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”

 แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€… แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€™  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€„  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€™แ€š แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ‚”  Gay(แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ 

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€€ แ€   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„  แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” 

แ€กแ€€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€–   แ‚”  แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ Gay แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€€

แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ    แ€ผแ€  แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€† แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€ แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” Gay แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ‚แ‚แตแ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€›  แ€›  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œแ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€™แ€š แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚”  แ€ผแ€  แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€†แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€แ€ แ€™แ€ผแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€กแ€ฑแ‚แ‚แตแ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ‚” Gay แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚” Gay แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€™ แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€š แ€œ   

 แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€†  แ€›แ€„  Gay แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€‘แ€•แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€แšแ€™ แ€ฌ GAY แ€€  แŠ แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธ / แ€กแ€ผแ€•แ€„  แŠ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€แšแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€… แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

Inside the Closet = แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธ

Outside the Closet = แ€กแ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Inside the closet - GAY แ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€‚แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€แ€”แ€  แ€† แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แฟแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แšแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

Outside the closet ..... GAY แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€กแ€œแ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€”แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€‘   แ€แ€”แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ Top . Ver . Bot

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€€   แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

Top แ€€   . แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแŠ Bot แ€€    แ€กแ€ผแ€•แ€„    แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ โ€ฆ แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€•แ€™แ€š  แŠ แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•

 แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š  Top แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š    GAY แ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€”แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   

แ€กแ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ Role แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™ แ€™ แ€€   แ€š แ€€    แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€… แ€    แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ Role

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™แ€แ€… แ€ž  แ€… แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€–   แ‚” แ€€    แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€€     แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  Top / Bottom (Only) แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€™แŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ Ver แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•

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 แ€™ แ€™แ€แ€… แ€žแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€กแ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€”  แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ (Straight แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€›   แ€ แ€ป แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

GAY แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€”  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š) Straight แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ GAY แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€™ แ€™แ€›แ‚•

 แ€… แ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™ แ€™แ€›แ‚• (แ€†แ‚แต) แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ Straight (แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ/แ€™) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ Sex

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€  แ€†แ‚แต  แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€กแ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€”  แ€„ แ€™แ€œแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€›   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  แ€œ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑ แ€”แ‚  แ€„ แ€œ

 แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€†แ‚แต แ€€    แ€™ แ€™ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€    แ€œแ€žแ€›แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€€ Gay

แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  Gay แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€   แ€    แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€‘  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€›แ€„แ‹ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€€ แ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›

แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ…แ‚ แ€…แ‹ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ Sunday School แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€

แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ Scooby Doo แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€‘  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€†  

 แ€‘  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€– แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แ€แ€›แ€€แ‹ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€    แ€กแ€“ แ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€…  

แ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€†แ€„แ‚แ€ผ  แพแ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€• แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€’ แ€ผแ€•  แ€€   แ€†แ€„แ‚แ€ผ   แ€–   แ‚”แ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€…    แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€€ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€กแ€

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ‹ แ€›แ€„ แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„  แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€    แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ   แ€• แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€œ   แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€šแ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€•แ€‘แ€™ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€“ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€œ  

 แ€แ€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€   แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ…แ‚ แ€…แ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€€ แ€… แ€แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€

แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€€ แ€แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€

 แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธ แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ž แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€แ€แ€ แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚” แ€แ€ แ€…   แ€€    แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  

Page 43: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€œแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€†  แ€›แ€„

แ€”แ€„   แ€แ€ แ€…   แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€›แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€›แ€š แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€™แ€ž แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€”  แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€…   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€”

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€œ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€š แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ‹

  แ€€โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  

แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€›แ‚•แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€š แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€” แ‚” แ€ž แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€† แ€€  แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™แ€žแ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€€  

 แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€กแ€แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ‹ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€แ‚• แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€†แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แพแ€€แ€  แ€ž  แ€›  แ€žแ€œ    แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€™ แ€™ แ€ธแ€    แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€’ แ€œ  แ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€‘ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‡ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€

แ€ก แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€œ   แ€•   แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€œ   แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€แ€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™(แ€€)

 แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ (แ€€)แ€€ แ€™แ‚ แ€… แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€    แ€ผแ€›  แ€› แ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€œ    แ€แ€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€œ   

 แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ž แ€• แ€’ แ€œ   แ€แ€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€   แ€แ€ แ€…   แ€แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€ แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ (แ€€)แ€€ แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แ‹ แ€ž แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š  แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€€

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 แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€   แ€™แ‚ แ€… แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€   แ€•   แ€…แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ (แ€)แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚ แ€• แ€œ   แ€™แ€ แ€แ€•แ€›แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€   แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€˜แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€† แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

 แ€‘ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€œ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€   แ€š  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€€   แ€š แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š   แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ (แ€‚)แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€† แ€€    แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€•   แ€… แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•   แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€   แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€†แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€š แ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ‚ แ€… แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€”แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€†แ‚แต แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€€ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€„  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€… แ€•แ€…แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€• แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€›แ€„แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธ

 แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ (แ€‚)แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€œ   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™

 แ€™แ€€ แ€… แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€• แ€… แ€ผแ€• แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€’แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แฟแ€แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š  แ€†   แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€›   แ€   แ€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€†   แ€    แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€†   แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›  แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€œแ€’แ€ซ

 แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€’ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ (แ€€)แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€œ   แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™แ€แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ แ€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ‹

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 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€€ แ€”แ€†แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€œ  

 แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€‚แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  

แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€… แ€™แ€›   แ€   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€‚แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™  แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ

แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€แ€ แ€š แ€กแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€„ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€”แ€„ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  

แ€›แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›  แ€›แ€„ แ€”แ€„ แ€‚แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€™แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€€

 แ…แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€€  แ€›แ‚•แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™

แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ… แ‚ แ€… แ€†   แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€€ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„  แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ (แ€€) (แ€) (แ€‚) แ€œ   แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€   แ€€แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€กแ‚  แ€„ แ€€แ€„  แ€แ€›แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€€แ€•

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€š   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚  แ€„ แ€€แ€„   แ€   แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™  แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€    (แ€€) (แ€) (แ€‚) แ€™แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ‚  แ€„ แ€€แ€„   แ€   แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€•   แ€กแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€€แ€„  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€šแ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€’ แ€œ    แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€… แ€แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€  แ€แ€›แ€… แ€šแ€ฌแ€”  แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€กแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ผแ€… แ€ แ€ผแ€…   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€• แ€™แ€” แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‚ แ€ แ€š แ€แ€„   แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ แ€…   แ€€  

แ€›แ€› แ€   แ€   แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€’แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€‘ แ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€‚ แ€ แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€  (แ€€) (แ€) (แ€‚) แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„  แ€€แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€…แ€€แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€Šแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€›แ‚Šแ€„  แ€… แ€ แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€™แ€š  แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ž แ€€ แ€…แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ผแ€œแ€šแ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•  แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ž แ‚”  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€›   แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

Page 46: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€แ€„แŠ แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€•   แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€แ€š แ€˜แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€†แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ‚  แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€แ€… แ€›แ€   แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€ แ€šแ€แ€€ แ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€‚แ€ซแ€แ€” แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€š

 แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€• แ€แ€šแ‹ แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹  แ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€˜แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€Ÿแ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€‚(แ€œ) แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€†แ€€แ€†แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€„   แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€‘แ€ฑ แ€‚(แ€œ) แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€„   แ‚แ€„ แ€‘ แ€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€žแ‚•แ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

Gay แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€—แ€‡ แ€กแ€›แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€•   แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€    แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€    แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€‘

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€€ Gay แ€†   แ€  แ€ž แ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Gay แ€€   แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€แ€ž แ€™แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ Gay แ€†   แ€ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•   แ€™  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€œ   

แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แ€”

(แ€™   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€™ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ‚•แ€€   แ€™   แ€ปแ€„แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š)

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 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

  แ€œแ€€แ€›    แ€•แ€…แฅแ€•แธ แ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€› แ‚” แ€… แ€แ€›แ‚• แ€œ  แ‚ˆ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€œแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€’แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€”แ€… แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€  แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€… แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€›    แ€•แ€…แฅแ€•แธ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…

แ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€แ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€

 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€” 

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 แ€€   แ€šแ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€…แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€š แ€   แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€š แ€   แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€  แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€†   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€š แ€   แ€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€› แ€ฑแ€แ€…แงแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€š แ€œ     

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€š แ€   แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•   แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€œ  แ‚ˆ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€–   แ‚” แ€กแ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ผแ€œ  แ€ผแ€œ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ (freeze) แ€ž   แ‚” แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

(paralysis) แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€” แ‚” แ‚   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€”แ‚” แ‚   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€…แ€แ€

 แ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚  แ€„แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€

แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€™ แ€แ€”แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แฟแ€ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ž   แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แ€›แ€”แ€œแ€„ แ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›   แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€” แ‚”  แ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€™แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning.แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž แ€… แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€– แ€ธแ€  แŠ แ€™ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ‚   แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€†   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€†   แ€  แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ แ€ฌแ€š  แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แ‚แ€„    แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€   แ‚” แ€™

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€†  แ€€  แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€‘แ€‘แ€Š   แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ‚ แ€„    แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€ผแ€† แ€šแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€™ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€ผแ€† แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€‘

 แ€‘แ€Š  แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€• แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€™ แ€ แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€•

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€™แ€€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€™แ€€   แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€žแ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แ€กแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€™   แ‚” แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€™  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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  An irrational fear is called a phobia.

  Psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that

there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and that fear is one of them. This hypothesized set

includes such emotions as joy, sadness, fright, dread, horror, panic, anxiety, acute stress reaction and

anger.

  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€… แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€™แ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€š แ€   แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แŠ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€‘แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”  แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€กแ€›

 แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€แ€… แ€…   แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€•แ€„   แ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€™

 แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ€€  แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€‘  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€š แ€   แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ‚•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€แ€กแ€šแ€กแ€† แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€กแ€  แ€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€€    แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€žแ€›

 แ€ฑแ€แ€…แงแ€†   แ€    แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แงแ€ก แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€„

 แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แงแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€šแ€กแ€†แ€€    แ‚   แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€€ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€… แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€   แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€•  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ โ€œแ€žแ€›แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€แ€š

แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€€ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€œแ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€’แ€žแ€›แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€

 แ€Ÿ แ€แ€†  โ€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€†  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€  แ€•  แ€” แ‚”  แ€œ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€  แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€  แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€    แ€Ÿ แ€แ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€ž แ€แ€”แ€แ€ซแ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธแ€€    แ€… แ€ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€   แ€ธแ€›แ€    แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€™  แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แงแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€ž

 แ€ผแ€…   แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€กแ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€    แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€›แ‚• แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€š แ€   แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ฑแ€…แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚”  แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 50/199volume 8   50

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€แ€…แ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แง แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ก แ€™  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€ก แ€•แ€ก แ€• แ€…  แ€„ แ€ธแ€…  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€ฅ   แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€… แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€’แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€›แ€›   แ€แ€š แ€€ แ€•แ€แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แง แ€€  

 แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„  แ€ป แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แงแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€€แ€   แ€™แ€šแ€†  

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แง แ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€แ€• แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€œแ€ฌแ€› แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€š แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€…  แ€แ€ผแฝแ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…  แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘

แ€’ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€Šแ€ฅ  แ€˜แ€€  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€™แ€ผแ€œ แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€‰แ€ฌแ€  แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€š

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€„แ€š แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€กแ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€–   แ€ธแ€œแ‚Š แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€‰แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แง แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ‚แ€„   แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ(emotion)แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€œแ€Š   แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แ€›แ€”แ€œแ€„แ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€แ‚• แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•  แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€† แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€   แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆแŒ แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ (Pleasure inFear)แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€™แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€• แ€œ แ‚”แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€› แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€…   แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ผแ€œ แ€š แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€› แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แง แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€œแ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Š แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€กแ€› แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€šแ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€€   แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

แ€”แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ‚”แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€•   แ€™แ€”แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€˜แ€šแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€แ€‘แ€€   แ€€  แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œ  แ€†   แ€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€กแ€› แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ž แ€… แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   

 แ€™ แ€ แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ป แ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€    แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ

Page 51: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 51/199volume 8   51

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„แ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ‚  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€™ แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€กแ€  แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€œแ€Š   แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†แ€” แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€… แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ    แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€… แ€

แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ‚แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€„    แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€€  แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€†  แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€•   แ€™   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ‚  แ€„ แ€    แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌ(freeze)แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ(paralysis)แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ(Shock) แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแšแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€‘   แ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ‚ˆ  (Entertainment) แ€กแ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

 แ€•   แ€™   แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€…แง แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€†   แ€•แ€ซ แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•  แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ (Pleasure of Fear) แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ(Illusion,Delusion) แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅแ‚แ€„  

 แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™ แ€ธแ€šแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€™  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ฌ   แ‚ แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™  แ‚ แ€…แ€แ€ซ แ‚€แ€€แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แแแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ‚ แ€… แ€‘แ€•

 แ€•แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ก แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€  

แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แšแ€• แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€• แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€‘แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ก แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€• แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€Šแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€›  แ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ   แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ€Šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€œ แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ก แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€• แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€„

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ

Page 52: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€™แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ก แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€™แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€• แ€™แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›(freeze) แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€    แ€กแ€… แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แ€ฑแšแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€–   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€  แ€›แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€€ แ€œ แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€”แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€แ€…แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€กแ€™ แ€„ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€‚  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ€กแ€›  แ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€œ  แ‚ˆ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€    แ€… แ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€™แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ‚  แ€„ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ€•   แ€•   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€• แ€™แ€›แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€• แ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแŠ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€› แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€œ แ€ธแ€… แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚” แ€… แ€แ‚แ€„   แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€€แ€” แ€   แ€กแ€ฌแ‚  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ‚  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€   แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แšแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€• แ€šแ€ฌแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€แ€” แ€€แ€šแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…  แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แšแ€€ แ€•แ€ก   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€™  แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แšแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€šแ€†    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ž แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€” แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€  

 แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€š แ€   แ€™แ€แ€” แ€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€งแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€› แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€แ€”แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€†   แ€’ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚ แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€แ€… แ€€   แ€š แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€šแ€… แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€™  แ‚ˆแ€„ แ€™  แ‚ˆแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€Ÿ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€

แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ  แ€œ   แ€€แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€™แ€›แŠ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ

แ€†แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€›  แ€”แ‚”  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™  แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€… แ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€›แ€•  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€•แ€„ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€€แ€”  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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  แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€• แ€กแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€–   แ‚” แ€’แ€ผแ€—แ€’ แ€แ€…แ€แ€•แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

แ€กแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€…   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€›แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€šแ€†แ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ€แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€žแ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€Šแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€แ€›แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€› แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€– แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ

 แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€Š   แ€ แ€žแ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€šแ€†แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€• แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€šแ€†แ€   แ€  แ€„แ€ซ แ€กแ€  แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‹ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€›แ€  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€™  แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‹ แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€”

 แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€€ แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€† แ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€•

 แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   disk แ€€   แ€‘ แ€ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€•  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€€   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ž แ€… แ€แ€” 

 แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„  แ€ป แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€”

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€”แŠ แ€šแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€” แ€   แ‚”แ‚แ€„   แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€   แ‚”  แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€œ แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ž แ€… แ€แ‚แ€„  

 แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€–   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–แ€€ แ€•แ€… แ€–   แ‚”  แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€›  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€Šแ€œแ€

Ref; Wikipedia

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\ruef om แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€•แ€ซ... แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€›   แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•.

แ€แ€• แ€™  แ€” แ€™  แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ... แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€  .. แ€กแ€œแ€š แ€€

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€” แ€ธ แ€  .. แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€  .. แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€œ   

 แ€–แ€แ€›แ€™แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€š...

 

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแซแ‚Šแ€” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”  แ€’ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€…แ€€แ€†  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•.. แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€œ   แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€žแ€™แ€šแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€   แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€แ€œ    แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€”แ‚”แ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€†แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š.... แ€ก   แ€œ   แ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€‚แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€• แ€Ÿ  แ€˜แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€Š แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š  แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€”

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ‹

  แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€š.... แ€กแ€•   แ€™แ€†   แ€• แ€   แ€  แ€” แ‚” แ€œ  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€

 แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌ...

 

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†แ€š   แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„แ€›  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แพแ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€š...

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€š   แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€  .. แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• ..

 

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€„ แ€™แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ก แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•  แŠ แ€† แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€š....

 แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€” แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€”แ‚”... แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” 

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ.. แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แก แ€‘ แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ

Page 55: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 55/199volume 8   55

 แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€•... แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€€ แ€€   แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ...

 

แ€† แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€ก แ€™แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€… แ€•แ€ซ... แ‚ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›  แ€แ€€ ..

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ก แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™... แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€š  แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€š..

 

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€™ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š.. แ€• แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ž แ€ธแ€…   แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€    แ€™   แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ.. แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„   แ€‘  แ€ž แ€ธแ€…   แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ

 แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€šแ€› แ€šแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›  แ€›แ€„  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€กแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€†    แ€™แ€   แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€ฌ

แ‚ แ€…แ€ผแ€‡แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€‡แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ.. แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€€  แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€แ€ฌ... แ€’แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿ    แ€ž แ€ธแ€…   แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ  แ€†   แ€  

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€แ€แ€”แ€•..

 

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ     แ€€ แ€    แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€ž  แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ž แ€ธแ€…  แ€แ€ฅ แ€›แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  ... แ€ก  .. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€œ... แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€• แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€” แ‚”แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€š ... แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€Ÿ  แ€Ÿ.. แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€…แ€แ€Š แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€

 แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ผแ€‡แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€   แ€• แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€–  แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ.

 แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€… แ€แ€ฌ...

 

แ€ก.. แ€แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€›.. แ€ž แ€ธแ€…  แ€แ€ฅ แ€›แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€แ€€แ€š แ€•แ€ซ

 แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€š.. แ€’ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€– แ€ธแ€    แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€•... แ€กแ€ฌแ€œ แ€ธแ€›แ€š  แ‚   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€›แ€š  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฅแ€›แ€š

แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€›แ€š  แ€•แ€›แ€š  แ€แ€ฅ แฟแ€–แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€• แ€•แ€… แ€•แ€…   แ€ž แ€ธแ€…   แ€• แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€แ€š..

 แ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ผแ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€กแ€•แ€š.. แ€˜แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€€   แ€œ.. แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€œ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€•   แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š.. แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฅแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  .. แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€แ€’แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€œ   แ€•...

 

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€•   แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ‚‘แ€ฌแ€”แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  .. แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธ... แ€ž แ€œ  

แ€„แ€ซแ€œ    แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€•.. แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  .. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผแ€‡แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธ... แ€•แ€ผแ€‡แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘ แ€€   แ€… แ€™  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€•..

 

 แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€› แ€€ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œ   แ€กแ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€  

แ€ž แ€ธแ€…  แ€แ€ฅ แ€›แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€š.. แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€—แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•...

Page 56: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 56/199volume 8   56

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™  แ‚€แ€€แ€€   แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€แ€€แ€†  

 แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แฟแ€„แ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€š.. แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€แ€•แ€†แ€”แ€†แ€” แ€•.. แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€–แ€” แ‚” แ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ.. แ€„แ‚ แ€•แ€ž แ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€—...

 แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€‡แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€š.. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€œ  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€—.. แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€

แ€ž แ€ธแ€…   แ€• แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€แ€€แ€›แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€•  แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ...

 

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€แ€€  แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€™ แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€—แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„  แ€˜ แ€ธ...

 แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†.. แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€—แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ....

 แ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€•   แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

 แ€• แ€แ€แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ผแฝแ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

 แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€ซแ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

 แ€œแ€š แ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...

แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€‡แ€›แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...

 แ€™แ€แ€… แ€…แ€žแ€›แ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€กแ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ž แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฅ แ€แ€Š แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...

แ‚   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

 แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€กแ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€แ€ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€œแ€แ€†แ€ แ€   แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€”แ€ฅแ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€   แ€œแ€€  แพแ€€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แฟแ€™ แ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

 แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€š....

 

แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แ€    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  .. แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€… แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€แ€š... แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€”แ€„   แ€แ€•   แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธ..

 

 แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€.

แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€•.. แ€• แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ... แ€แ€™ แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•.. แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€• แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” 

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ..

 

 แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†แ€š  แ‚ แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€ผแ€–   แ€ผแ€–  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€š..

 แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€•.. แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€Šแ‚‡ แ€ฌแ€

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€š...

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€•

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€› แ€š   แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€•

แ€† แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€œ แ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€”แ‚”   แ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฅ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ‚ แ€• แ€œ   แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€แ€š...

 

 แ€‘ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚   แ€™แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€†แ€š แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€š...

 แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ผแ€‚ แ€™ แ€ผแ€‚ แ€™แ€†แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€šแ‚ แ€ผแ€•  แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€†   แ€  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€˜ แ€ธ...

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€†แ€šแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€†แ€š แ€™แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€   แ€€ แ€•...

 

แ€’แ€ซแ€”แ‚”  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€” แ‚”.. แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš

 แ€  แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™   แ€ธแ€™แ€š   แ€   แ€กแ€™   แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•... แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€” แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€š... 

 แ€…แ€แ€’แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€š..

แ€† แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ก แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•  ... แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€

แ€†  แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€†  แ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแซแ‚Šแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š...

 

Nay Dune

Page 58: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 58/199volume 8   58

แ€กแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ

Page 59: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 59/199volume 8   59

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€•   แ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€•แ€†    แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€› แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€œแ€€แ€›  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘  แ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€€แ€€  แ€€แ€„  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€† แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธ

 แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ แ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€Š แ€…แ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€• แพแ€€แ€žแ แ€™แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†     แ€ธ

แ€กแ€œแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€œแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€แ€ž แ€แŠ แ€Šแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€‘แ€Š  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€’ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€  แ€›แ€„ แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€› แ€„ แ€™แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚ แ€„  

แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€Š  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€–   แ‚” แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€’ แ€š   แ€€

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€     แ€• แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€œ     แ‚” แ€•  แ€‘แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€šแ€ฅ แ€œ     แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œ     แ‚” แ€•  แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€€    

 แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€œ     แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€• แ€€     แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€   แ€•  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€€แ€š  แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€… แ€™  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€ แ€€ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€…แ€€ แ€œ     แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌ แ€…แ€• แ€€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„  

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€ธ แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…   แ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€’แ€ซแ€˜แ€šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€€     แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€      แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€–แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€€ แ€– แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€†      แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ‚แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€œ     แ€€  แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œแ€šแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ‚แ€ผ แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€–แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ‚Š  แ‚•แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€   แ€… แ€ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€แ€ แ€  แ€ž แ€™แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ

แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€    แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€     แ‚”แŠ แ€Ÿแ€žแค แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€     แ‚” แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€†  แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€‚ แ€แ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€      แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™แ€š แ€œ     แ‚”  แ€‘แ€„ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€œ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€€      แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€šแ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€แ€žแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ     แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ‚แ€ผแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ž  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ     แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€œ     แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€€     แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€ธแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€…  แ€›   แ€ แ€•แ€ แ€œ     แ€ธ (แ‚แ)แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€     แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€žแ‹

แ€’แ€กแ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฌแ€กแ€› แ€žแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€š แ€œ  แ€’แ€ž แ€…แ€ฅ แ€œ     แ‚” แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธ

แ€กแ‚   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€œ     แ‚”  แ€™แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ž แ€€   แ€•  แ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ     แ‚”  แ€‘แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€  แ€… แ€ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€     แ€š แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธ

 แ€šแ€ฌแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€• แ€ แ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ     แ€•แ‹

Page 60: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 60/199volume 8   60

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š  แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€†แ€€  แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•  แ€    แ€„ แ€ธ แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€    แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€œแ€€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€     แ‚”  แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€     แ€•  แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œ     แ‚”  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€แ€•แ€Š  

 แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€      แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ‚ แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€ž     แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•  แ€›   แ€œ     

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€•    แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€     แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ‚แ€„   แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ€†     แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€…    แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€†  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€Ÿแ€žแค แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€’แ€ซแ€ธ แ€”แ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚แ€„  

 แ€™แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ     แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€      แ€…แ€ฌแ€–แ€ แ€แ€ แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€š แ€™   แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ     แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€–แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€    แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€

แ€กแ‚ แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€  แ€กแ‚ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€     แ€š แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€– แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   

แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€€    แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ     แ€€ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 โ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€… แ€ แ€แ€” แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€  แ€กแ‚ แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ แ€กแ€œ     แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€œ   แ€€แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 โ€œแ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€•แ€ฅแฅแ‚ แ€•แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€œ  แ€ผแ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€›   แ€œ     แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ผแ€› แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€     แ€ป แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ

แ€แ€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šโ€แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แพแ€€แ€™  แ€•แ€ฅแฅแ‚ แ€•แ‚แ€„    แ€ผแ€›  แ€œ     แ€ธแ€†     แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•   แ€… แ€œแ€†     แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€–   แ‚” แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€•   แ€€      แ€•  แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€    แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€…  แ€›   แ€  แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธ(แ‚แ)แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€      แ€ แ€แ€ผแ€† แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€  แ‚แ€„   แ€œ แ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€„  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘  แ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€  แ‚แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€Š   แ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€      แ€œแ€€แ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€ฌแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€    แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„  (แแˆ)แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€  แ‚แ€„    แ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€„  แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€•  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„  แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›

แ€Šแ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€€   แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€  

 แ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€œแ€€แ€แ€แ‚แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ‚แ€„    แ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ž  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€แ‚แ€„  แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฅแฅแ‚ แ€•แ€กแ‚ แ€• แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Page 61: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 61/199volume 8   61

  แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€˜แ€šแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€š แ€…  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ‚แ€„    แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€    แ€•แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€’แ€ซแ€€แ‚แ€„  แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฅแฅแ‚ แ€•แ€กแ‚ แ€• แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ แ€แ€ผแ€† แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€˜แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€    แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€†แ€„ แ€  แ€™แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€แ€    แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€› แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€˜แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€    แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€žแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†     แ€ธ

 แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€ผแ€€    แ‚ แ€… แ€…  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€•แ€ซแ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž     แ€ธแ€…   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€Š แ€   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€Š แ€   แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€‘แ€€  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ‚แ€„    แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€œ     แ€ธ

แ‚ แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€Š แ€   แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€’แ€ซแ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€—แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€    แ€™   แ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€—แ€ฌแ€†     แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€Š แ€   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€    

แ€กแ€ผแ€…   แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ž แ€ผแ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ แ€  แ€ แ€ แ€ปแ€—แ€” แ€ธแ€†     แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€Š แ€   แ€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ แ€

 แ€ แ€แ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€Š แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€—แ€” แ€ธแ€†     แ€    แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€Š แ€  แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€—แ€ฌแ€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ‚แแ€œ   แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€แŠ แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€Š แ€   แ‚แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€—   แƒแแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€—แ€’แถแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€šแ€กแ€› แƒแแ€˜   แ€€   แ€€   แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€†  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€…แ€Š แ€  แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€     แ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€     แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ     แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€      แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€Š แ€  แŠ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€  แ€˜แ€šแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ แ€• แ€€    แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€    แ€œแ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€†    แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€˜แ€šแ€˜แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€›  แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€Šแ€ฌแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ฑ  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„    แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€š แ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€›  แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€€      แ€”แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€™แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ     แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€‘    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€š แ€…    แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€แ€ผแ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€‘    แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€€    แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Š   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘

 แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€   แ€•  แ€€  แ€„แ€žแ‚แ€„    แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š  แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€ แ€แ€•แ€›แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€ป แ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€•แšแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Š   แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€แ€„

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€ผแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€Š  แ€ แ€”แŠ แ€ผแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€œ  แ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ‚‘แ€•แ€ž   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€กแ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€—แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€”แŠ แ€กแ€•แŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€     แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€™     แ€ธแ€แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€›แ€”  แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž  แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€…แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€งแ€Š   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€…   แ€…   แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€„  แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜

 แ€แ€ผแ€– แ€ผแ€–   แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€     แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„  แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€€    แ€žแ€ฌ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ แ€”

แ€งแ€Š   แ€…  แ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”  แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€•แ€€   แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€†    แ€„ แ€ธแ€    แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€Š   แ€แ€Š    แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€šแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ธ แ€งแ€Š  แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    

แ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ    แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œ แ€•แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑ  แ€˜แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€  แ€œแ€Š แ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€•แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€™แ‚‘แ€•แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ‚ˆ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€     แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€€     แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€งแ€Š   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€แ€„  แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€„   แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€     แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€     แ€แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€•   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•  แ€…แ€žแ€Š    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€•แšแ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ   แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„ แ€…แ€•แ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€…   แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แฟแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†    แ€„แ€†    แ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑ แ€แšแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€•แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€€ แ€œ     แ€€แ‚แ€„    แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€  แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€€      แ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ     แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แŠ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€กแ€†   แ€ผแ€‚แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ‚แ€„   แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€’แ‚แ€„   แ€แ€… แ€•แ€’ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ‚   แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€      แ€ผแ€‚แ€„ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œ

แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ - แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแ‹ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€’แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€      แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€

แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€†     แ€•  แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€†     แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ‚   แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†     แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ     

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ปแ€•แ€œ     แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแ‹ แ€„แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌโ€ฆ..

Page 63: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ - แ€„แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌโ€ฆ.

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ - แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธ แ€”แ€„  แ€„แ€ซ แ€€     แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€     แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ     แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€’แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€” 

แ€„แ€ซแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€      แ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œแ‹ แ€’แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†  แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š    แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€žแ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†  แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ‹

แ€’ แ€‘แ€€ แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€†   แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ - แ€†   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ - แ€€    แ€„ แ€ธ แ€’แ€ซแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€‘แ€•แ€†   แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€™ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ - แ€„แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌโ€ฆ..

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ - แ€ แ€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแŠ แ€’แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ธแ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€š     แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซ แ€„แ€ซแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€€ แ€•แ€€  แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€แ‚    แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€…แŠ แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€…

แ€†   แ€•แ€… แ€œ     แ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€™  แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€’แ€ซแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ‹

แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  - แ€’ แ€œ   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ     แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€  แ€›แ€„  แ€ผแ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…

แ€†     แ€ปแ€•แ€œ     แ€€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€š   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€€ แ€ผแ€œแ€ แ€€     แ€†     แ€ปแ€•แ€œ     แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ‹

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ - แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€’แ€ซแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€    แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†   แ€ปแ€•แ€œ     แ€€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€™   แ€€ แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€†   แ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ

 แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œ แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€œ     แ€™แ€ธ แ€ผแ€‚ แ€„ แ€œ แ€•

 แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€’แ‚แ€„    แ€แ€… แ€•แ€’แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€™แฟแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€š

แ€†แ€„ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€–แ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ‚แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ€•แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€•แ€› แ€แ€žแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ž แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แ€ผแฝ แ€š แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€š แ€œ แ€• แ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€›  แ€”แ€กแ€แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€

แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แฟแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€š แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„    แ€กแ€›  แ€” แ€€    แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแปแ€›แ€„   แ€แ€ซแ€›แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€™แ€” แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„

 แพแ€žแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแŠ แ€ฑแ€Šแพแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แŠ แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ž แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  

 แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€…แ€ฅแ‚แ€„    แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€แ€แ‚แ€„   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ผแ€œแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธ แ€™แ€›   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€€    แ€€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€—   แ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€—   แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Š   แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ž   แ‚” แ€กแ€ž แ€…  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€›  แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€›  แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   

แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€›  แ€   แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€Š   แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Šแ€ฅ  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€œแ€„แ€š แ€œแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€•แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„    แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€žแ€ฌแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€งแ€Š  แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ž แ€€ แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Šแ€ฅ   แ€€   แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แ€• แ€™แ‚‘แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€œ แ€•แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€„แ€žแŠ แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ž  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€” แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€„แ€žแŠ แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ž  แ€œ แ€œแ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ก   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€ก แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€แ€•

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€…แ€• แ€€แ€ฌแ€™  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€„แ€š แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€– แ€ธแ€    แ€ฑแ€› แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ผแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€† แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‡ แ€™ แ€š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€„แ€š แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€…  

 แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€›แ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€•   แ‚”  แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€›

 แ€แ€… แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€แšแ€†   แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€งแ€Š   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€† แ€™แ€† แ€™แ‚แ€„    แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€„ แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…   แ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€  

แ€กแ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ฑ แ€”แ€แ€š แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€• แ‚•แ€ผแ€œแ€„   แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€Šแ€œแ€š แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ

แ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€€    แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€˜แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€—แ€’แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€€แค แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€” แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€’ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€’ แ€œ   แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š    แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€†    แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€€แ€แ€ แ€    แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€ฑแ€แ€”แ€  แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€›

 แ€œแ€€แ€กแ€–แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€™แ€” แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แพแ€€แ€ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธ (แ‚แ)แ€œ   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ‚   แ‚”แ€†แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ‚   แ‚” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”แ€˜ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘

แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€œ   แ€€  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€กแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€› แ€แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แ€œ   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€   แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€• แ€กแ€›  แ€”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ฌ แŠ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ‚แ€„  

แ€กแ€ž แ€™แ€ธแ€…   แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€œแ€€แ€แ€œแ€š แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  

 แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€œแ€€แ€แ€œแ€š  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€•แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€กแ€ฌแ€„

Page 65: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 65/199volume 8   65

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€žแ€›แ€Š  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€ž แ€€   แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€žแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€žแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€žแ€†   แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€…แ€•แ‚แ€„   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚” แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€…แ€•แ‚แ€„   แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€  

แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€™แ€”แŠ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€   แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ‚   แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚แ€„  

 แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซ แ€œแ€Š แ€แ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ‚แ€„   แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€  แ€กแ€€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€  แ€‘แ€• แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€€แ€šแ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ผแ€œแ€ แ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€แ‚แ€„   แ€‘แ€• แ€ แ€ธ

แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€   แ€Šแ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€•   แ€™แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    (แ‰)แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™  (แแ)

แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€€แ€šแ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€œแ€Š  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ€›   แ€œ แ€„ แŠ แ€‘  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š

 แ€šแ€แ€„แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•   แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€• แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›   แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ (แแ‚)แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€”แ€€(แ)แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€ผแ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ‚แ€„   แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€†แ€” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€› แ€„แ€žแ€Š

แ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€€แ€”แ€กแ€€ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€…แ€› แ€  แ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€œ   แ€œ แ€„   แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘

แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€…แ€› แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€› แ€แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€„   แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Š แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€แ€แ‚•แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•   แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€…แ€แ‚แ€„    แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†    แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€…   แ€ แ€ธแ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€” แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€…   แ€ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€กแ€…   แ€€   แ€กแ€แ€€ แ€€แ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แšแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ‚  แŠ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€›  แ€žแ€Š  

 แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Š    แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€  แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€šแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€—แ€ฌแ€ž  แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€   แ‚” แ€    แ‚ แ€… แ€ผแ€–  แ‚” แ€œ   แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€… แ€œแ€Š   แ€…  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€› แ€  แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š   แ€œ แ€„

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€   แ‚” แ€€    แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ  แ€แšแ€š แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„   แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€ แ€”

 แ€แ€… แ€•แ€  แ‚ แ€… แ€•แ€แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€  แ‚  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€ž   แ‚” แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ‚แ€„    แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€„   แ€ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€  แ€ž แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•

 แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€›แ€ฌแ€€    แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€‘  แ€กแ€žแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ  แ€ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€›แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แŠ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แŠ แ‚  แ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€• แŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ž

 แฟแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€™แ€„ แ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€šแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€” แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€œ แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€

Page 66: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 66/199volume 8   66

แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€†แ€€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€™แฟแ€„ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€€  แ€†แ€€

แ€งแ€Š  แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ž แ€แ€‘ แ€‘แŠ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ž

 แฟแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€œแ€แ€„ แ€Š แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•   แ€œแ€ฌ แ€งแ€Š   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€”แ€”แ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€† แ€™แ€† แ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ‚ˆ

แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€งแ€Š   แ€…แ€Šแ€ แ€”  แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€ž   แ‚” แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ‚แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ‚‘แ€• แ€‘ แ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ แ€” แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‚แ‚ แ€แ€…   แ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€– แ€š แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€• แ€กแ€ฌแ‚  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•  แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€™แ€šแ€แ€˜แ€ž แ€  แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  

แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€ผแ€› แ€ แ€–แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€”แ€žแ€†   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€†   แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€   แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแปแ€›แ€„    แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ แ€„  แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ผแ€› แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€–แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€–แ€”  แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€œแ€› แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€•แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€„    แ‚  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€•  แ€„  แ€กแ€†   แ€•  แ€„  แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ‚ แ€„    แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€†   แ€™ แพแ€€แ€œ แ€„

แ€˜แ€ž แ€ แ€ผแ€•   แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€˜แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€€แ€„ แ€œแ€Šแ€   แ€– แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ž

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€– แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€™ แพแ€€แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€˜แ€ž แ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€š แ€™ แพแ€€แ€›แ€„   แ€†   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แŠ แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€  แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€„ แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แฟแ€„ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ž แ€ แ€ผแ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€• แ€† แ€แ€ แ€” แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–   แ‚” แ€• แ€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแฟแ€•

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€•แšแ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€œ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€กแ€…แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„  แŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€•แšแ€ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ   แ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€€   แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€† แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€•  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€•  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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 แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€†แ€„   แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€•แ‹

  แ€Šแ€œแ€

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  แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฉแ€ฑแ€…แพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ‚  แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€™ แ€œแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Šแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แˆ.แˆ.แˆ แ€†   แ€   แ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธ แƒ แ€ แ€€   

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€‘ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แˆ แ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ‚€แ€€แ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€–แ‚   แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   โ€œแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€กแ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€›   แ€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€โ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แˆ.แˆ.แˆแˆ แ€› แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€™  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€   แ€™ แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 แˆ.แˆ.แˆ แ€†   แ€ แ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธ แƒ แ€ แ€” แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  . . แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ แ€œ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€‘ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€‘ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€  แ‹

แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ แ€ฌแ€š แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”  แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚แ„ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€›   แ€แ€š. . แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แˆ.แˆ.แˆ แ€†   แ€   แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธแƒ แ€ แ€€   แ€†   แ€œ   แ€แ€šแ‹

 แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€›แ€™แ€š (Working for living=labour)

 แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€›แ€™แ€š (Physical rest=rest)

 แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€†   แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€™แ€š (Mental rest/relax/play=recre-

ation)

  แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ.. แ€€   แ€š  แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€…  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€  . . แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€    แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€›   แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

 แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€†   แ€œ  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ก แ€•แ€ แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘แ€€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘แ€€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„แ€›   แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ Russell Street แ€”  Victoria Street แ€” แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ. .Russell

Street-Victoria Melbourne, Melbourne City, Victoria, Australia.

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€–    แ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€œ แ€‘ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€’แ€‚แค  แ€ซแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€แ€† แ€•แŠ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ 

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  แ€กแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„แ€žแ€Š โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€•  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€…   แ€€ แ€‘ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

  โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแŠ แแˆ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€   แ€    แ€…แ€€แ‚  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€†  แ€†แ‚แต แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    (แ€แ€…แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€–แ€„  ) แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€›แ€›   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€   แ€   แ‚แ€แ€แ† แ€แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€œแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€›    โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ

แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แแ…แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€  แ‚ แ€… แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€™   แ€œแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ (แ‚แ† แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€› แ€œ แแˆแ…แ† แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ) แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ธ แ€†  แ€ž แ€€

Eight-hour day แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€› แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€ฉแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€…แ€’แ€”แ€” 

 แ€™ แ€œแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ผแ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€•  แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š

 แ€™   แ€œแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€™แ‚• แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ€œ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€†แ‚แต แ€ปแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ€›  แ€แ€›แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€‚แ€›แ€€แ‚   แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€‘ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แˆ แ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€  แ€€   แ€‘แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•   แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€   แ€€   แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€”

 แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธ แƒ แ€ แ€•แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ 

 โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”

  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€†   แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€™แ€šโ€ แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€’แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ€แ€•   โ€œLABOUR, REST, RECREATIONโ€ แ€    แ€•แฟแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€€    แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆแ€ธแ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ‚แ แ€งแฟแ€• แ€œ แแ‰แ€แƒ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…   แ€€ แ€‘ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ แ€…แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแแ‰แ‚แ„ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€šแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€›   แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ž   แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ‚•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แ€‘แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€šแ€” แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ แ€’ แ€™   แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€กแฟแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€• แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

Page 71: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 71/199volume 8   71

 โ€œแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€กแ€…แŠ โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€€

(โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ (แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ) แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€žแ€™  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€แ€• ) ::

  แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แแˆ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š (แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ€€   แ† แ€›แ€€แŠ working from "sunriseto sunset," แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”  แ€€   แแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แแ† แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š) แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€€แ€”

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€”แ€›แ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€ แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œแ€”แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Š    แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›  แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” (แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ€€   

แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ„แ€ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” ) แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€™แ€แ€ซแ€šแ€™แ€…แ€”แ€… แ€€   แ€…แ€แ€„แ€แ€žแ€Š   แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€แ€ก   แ€แ€„  (Robert Owen) แ€žแ€Š  แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธ แแˆแแ€ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ โ€œแแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  โ€œแˆแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€แ€ก   แ€แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ‚ˆ  แ€ฑแ‚•แ€†แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แแˆแแ‡ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แŠ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แŠ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”โ€ แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€

แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€ผแ€œแ€š แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€   แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แแˆแ„แ‡ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€‚แค แ€œแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€”

แแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แแˆแ„แˆ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แแ‚ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” แ€€  

แ€›แ€›  แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€‚แข แ€›แ‚•แ€€แ€”แ€ฆแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€ธแŠ

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€†แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€…  (Karl Marx : แ€‚แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แšแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„) แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แแˆแ†แ† แ€ฉแ€‚ แ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€” แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” 

 แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€‚ แ€”แ€—แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€—แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”  แ€œ แ€„

 แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€žแ€Šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€†   แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แแˆแ„แ€ แ‚แ€„   แแˆแ…แ€ แ€แ€   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€š แ€ธแ€‡ แ€œแ€”แ‚แ€„   แ€ฉแ€ฑแ€…แพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ฌ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ‚แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€„  แ€ฑ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€žแ€Š แแˆแˆแ„ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…แ€แ€„แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แแˆแˆแ„แ€™ แแˆแˆแ‰ แ€กแ€‘ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„  แ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•  แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแฟแ€–แ€ผแ€ แ€”   แ€™แ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€”แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€‚   แฟแ€™แ‚• โ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ˆแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แฟแ€–แ€ผแ€ แ‚   แ€™แ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แแˆแˆแ‰ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€›   แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€   แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€žแ€Š    แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€™

 โ€œแˆแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€œ(แ) แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€  

แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š  แ‚ แ€…  แแˆแ‰แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€   แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„    แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€Š

แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ(แ)แ€›แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€šแ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แฟแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แฟแ€— แ€แ€ž แ€€   แ€œ  แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”  แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€›  แ€  แ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€žแ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€žแ€Š  แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ‚”แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

(แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€€  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แ…แ€ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แแ‰แƒแˆแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€žแ€• แ€

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€‘แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ แ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„แ€˜   แ€ธแ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€†  แ€ž แฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€žแ€Š BOC (Burma Oil Company)แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€   แฟแ€แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แแ‰แƒแ‰ แ‚แ€„    แแ‰แ„แ แ€   แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌโ€œแ€’   แ‚”แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ‚   แ€ธโ€ แ

แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แแ‰แƒแ‰แ€แ‚ แ€… โ€œแ€’   แ‚”แ€—แ€™แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€›   แ€ธโ€ แ€…แ€ แ€แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€(แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแฟแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€™แ‚•) แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ (แ) แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€  

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€Š แ€แซแ€ผ แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€   แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 

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  แ€ฉแ€ฑแ€…แพแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚Š แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€”  แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แแˆแ…แ† แ€ฑแ€™แ€œ แ€ผแ€แ€„

 แ€…แ€แ€„แ€›แ€›  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ‚แแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แŠ แ€งแฟแ€• แ€œแŠ แแˆแ…แ† แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ž  แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€ แ€œแ€„   แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€†   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š   แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€†   แ€•แ€ซ แ€งแฟแ€• แ€œแ‚แแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€   แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€žแ‚   แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€›แ€€

แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ฉแ€ฑแ€…แพแ€แ€ธแ€œแ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€›   แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€€ แ€   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€œ  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€แ€…แ€แ‚แ€„  

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€™แ€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แแˆแˆแˆแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฉแ€ฑแ€…แพแ€แ€œแ€   แ€€ แ€ป แ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€    แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€    แ€งแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€šแ€กแ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แŠ แ€™แ€ แ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š    แ€แ€”แ€œแค แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€    แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแฟแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„

แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€šแ€”แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€•แ€„  แ€”แ€š แ€ธแ€‡ แ€œแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ

 แ€…แ€ แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š   แ€แ€”แ€œแค แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€šแ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แฟแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  โ€œแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›โ€ แ€†   แ€  แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š   แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” (International Workersโ€™ Day (or) Labour

Day) แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€€แ€”แ€ฆแ€ธ แ€žแ€™  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฆแ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  (โ€œแˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ  (แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ) แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€›แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€   แ€•แ€„ แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… โ€œแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แŠ แ€‘   แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„   โ€œแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”โ€ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€˜ แ€šแ€€แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€›แ€€    แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹) แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…

 แ€‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แพแ€€แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ‚  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€œ แ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€  

แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€• แ€แŠ แ‚   แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€กแฟแ€–แ€… แ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•

 แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แพแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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 โ€œแ€ฑแ€šแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€    แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ โ€ 

  แแˆ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

(แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€) แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚   แ€ธแ€ แ€”  แ€”แ€”แ€€  แ‰ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€™  แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”

 แ… แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€‘  แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ (แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€š แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€”  แ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ) แ€‘   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€™ แ€™ แ€แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ

 แ€œแ€€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€€ แ‚  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ‚   แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

 แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€€แ€ฌแ€šแŠ แ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€…   แ€€ แ€‘ แ€แ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€‚แ‚ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€”  แ€œ  แ€กแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แŽแ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ‚ˆแ‚แ€„    แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€‘แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€ธ (Workplace, Health and Safe-

ty-WHS) แ‚แ€„    แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„   แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ (Environment, Health and

Safety-EHS) แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ... แ€“แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€—แ€’แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€‘  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

(แ€ฑแ€›แ€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€) แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€   แ€€  แ€š   แ€ผแ€šแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€šแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‘แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑ แ€แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑ แ€… แ€› แ€”

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€…  แŠ แ€€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‘  แ€„แ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ(แ€กแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€›   แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›แ€›   แ€™แ‚ˆ)แŠ แ€™แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ‚แ€„   แ€‘  แ€„แ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ)แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”  แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š  แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•,แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€‚แ‚   แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌ

แ€›   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€”  แ€œ  แ€กแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€€แ‚  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ‚   แ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€‘แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€€แ‚   แ€™ แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€… แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธ (แ€กแ€แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ‚•) แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€‘แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š

 แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€” แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚”แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€•   แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€†แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€‘   แ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€กแ€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แŽแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ โ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„  โ€(แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ผแ€แ€„  = leave) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . . .

(แ) Medical leave (แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€žแ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  )

(แ‚) Annual leave (แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€€ แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ€šแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  )

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€ แ€›   แ€€  แ€›  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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  แ€แ€แ‚•แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€€แ€  แŠ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€  แ€กแฟแ€•แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€  แ€ผแ€แ€„  

แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€…  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ... แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‚•แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€š-แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€–   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€›แ€”แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ

แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€…แ€ฌแฆแ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

 โ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„  โ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ (แ€แ€ แ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ... แ€แ€… แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€€   แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€  แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•.

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ‹)

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ    แ€ผแ€แ€„    แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•  แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ . . . แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€    โ€œแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€€

 แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ผแ€แ€„  โ€ (Annual leave) แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ  แ€ซแ€šแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€–แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”

 แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€„   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ.

แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ‹ แ€ผแ€แ€„    แ€›แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œ  แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    . . แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€”

 แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€… แ€ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€ปแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ (Annual leave)

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€ปแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›  แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›.. แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š  แแ‚ แ€œ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ž  (แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ)

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€   แ€•แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€„   Fatigue:: (โ€œแ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€š แฟแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€) แฟแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠExhaust:: (โ€œแ€›  แ€žแ€™  แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€„แŠ แ€ผแ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€) แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œ แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€€   แ€šแ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธ แฟแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ . . แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€€แ€” แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธ Productivity:: (โ€œแ€‘ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€”แŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€) แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€šแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€    Midlife crisis:: (โ€œแ€™ แ€™ แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€… แ€ แ€• แ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€… แ€ แ€•แ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แƒแ… แ€™ แ†แ€ แ‚ แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ€) แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   . . แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ . . . แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ(แ€แ€€แ€š แ€€ แแ แ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ)

(Annual leave) แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ . . แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แŠ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€” แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แ€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€

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 แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š . . แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ   . . แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€– แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   Reju-

venate:: (โ€œแ€… แ€แ€žแ€… แ€œแ€žแ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€… แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€›   แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ‚ แ€• แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€žแ€œ  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€€ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธโ€) แ€œ   แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€–แ€„    (แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€•) แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€แ€แ‚•แ€™แ€š แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€›   แพแ€€แ€แ€š

แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€š แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€  แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ€กแ€… แ€€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€… แ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€œ แ€•

 แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€‘ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€”  แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€”  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€žแ€„   แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ... Take a good break, Have a good rest แ€œ แ€• แ€€  

 แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€›แ€Š แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„ แ€™แ€š.. แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€„ ...

(Annual leave) โ€œแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€€ แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ผแ€แ€„  โ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ โ€œแ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€›   แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€แ‹ โ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€แ€

แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€€   แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

1. http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/culture/social/display/32235-eight-hour-day-moment2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-hour_day

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Day

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment,_health_and_safety

  Eureka

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€’ แ€šแ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ‚ แ€… แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€š   (แ€…แ€ฅ  แˆ) แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€  

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€œ แฟแ€•แ€” แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ Pink Panther แ€€    แ€žแ€แ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Pink Panther แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€…แ€›แ‚•แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€€    แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€‡แ€แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€„แ€žแ€… แ€€

 แ€€แ€œ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€œ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€  แ€แ€ผแ€œ  แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€    แ€› แ€…  แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚   แ€€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€

 แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แ€  แ€ฑ แ€แ€แ€žแ€… แ€€แ€œ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€›  แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€• แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€œแ€€แ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ‚  แ€„ แ€   แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€กแ€†แ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€ž แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  Dr. No แ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€žแ€แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€› แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€‚แ€„   แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ผแ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€… โ€ฆ

James Bond (Agent 007) แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

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 แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€†แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€… แ€   แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€  แ€€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€…   แ€    แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ€… แ€ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€šแ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€›แ€   แ€  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ แ€ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

------

  แฟแ€— แ€แ€ž แ€œ  แ‚•แ€ แ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€– แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€‚แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    James Bond แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€    แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€   แ€€    Ian

Fleming แ€€ 1953 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ James Bond แ€€   แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€†แ€š  แ‚ แ€…แ€ก แ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ‚ แ€… แ€•แ€’ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908

 โ€“ 12 August 1964) แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€‚แ€ฌแ€”แ€š แ€œแ€…แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€แ€•แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Flem-

ing แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€™  แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€˜แ€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แŽแ€›แ‚•แ€–แ€แ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 

Eton (Berkshire, England) College, Royal Military College (Sandhurst) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

Munich (Germany) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€” แ‚”  Geneva (Switzerland) แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€›    แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ก  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ธแ€…    แ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แฟแ€— แ€แ€žแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€›แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„แ€   แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„แ€ แ€ operation แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   James Bond

 แ€แ€แ€€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€•  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€… แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Fleming แ€›แ‚• James Bond แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ Casino Royale แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ 1952

แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ž   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€  แ€„ แ€  แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›แ€„แ€กแ€–   แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€” แ€    James Bond แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ MI6

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 แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แฟแ€— แ€แ€ž แ€œ  แ‚•แ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    James Bond แ€€    แ€™ แ€แ€Š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ James Bond Series แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€› แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘ แ€•  แ‚   แ€• แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ 2008 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ  The Times แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌ Fleming แ€€  

 โ€œThe 50 greatest British writers since 1945โ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ แแ„ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œ  แ‚•แ€ แ€€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€›   แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€” แ€   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ‚ แ€… แ€œแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ Casino Royale

แ€กแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ GoldenEye แ€แ€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ 17 February 1952 แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€   แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€   Casino Royale, Live and Let Die, Moonraker, Diamonds Are Forever

แ€” แ‚” From Russia, with Love แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™ แ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€›  แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   1958 แ€แ‚ แ€… Dr. No แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›แ€›  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Šแ€…แ€Šแ€… แ€•แ€ แ€•แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€„แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€”แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  1964 แ€แ‚ แ€…  Fleming แ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€ผแ€œแ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€€ James Bond

 แ€€    แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Ben-

son, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver แ€” แ‚” William Boyd แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ 2015

 แ€…แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ Anthony Horowitz แ€€   แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ Charlie Higson แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ A Young James Bond แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€œ    Kate Westbrook แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€‘ แ€€

แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€   แ€…แ€€ แ€‘แ€› Moneypenny แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€•แ€’แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  James Bond แ€แ€แ€€   แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€’ แ€š  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แŠ แ€—แ€’ แ€š   แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธ

แ€” แ‚”  แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€แ€„แ€†แ€€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ Dr. No (1962) แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€›  แ€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€… Sean Connery แ€€ James Bond แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ 2015(แ€šแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€›  แ€กแ€ แ€”) แ€กแ€‘ James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€…แ€†แ€š  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›   แ€

Skyfall แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ Daniel Craig แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ 2012 แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚   แ€แ€„แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Sean Connery แ€€แ€…แ€œ   

Daniel Craig แ€กแ€‘ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€ž แ€…   แ€ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€™แ€„ แ€†  แ€„แ€†  แ€„แ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€„แ€†แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€กแ€“ แ€€ Theme Song แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™  แ€†แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€  แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€†

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แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ Mr. Q (Quartermaster) แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€›แ€

 แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    James Bond แ€›แ‚• แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€… แฟแ€แ€€   แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€›แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„

แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€แ€… แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ โ€œBond girlsโ€ แ€œ   

 แ€œแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  Fleming แ€€ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€…แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แŽแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€  แ€›แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€œ แ‚•แ€ แ€€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€”แ€’  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€•   แ€… แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ James Bond

แ€†   แ€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€˜ แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€‘ แ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€šแ€›    แ€„ แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€žแŠ แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ž  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”  แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Fleming แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€•

แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„  แ€ž แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ž  James Bond

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€  โ€œeld guide Birds of the West Indiesโ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ James Bond แ€Ÿ  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€™ แ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€’ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€’ แ€€แก แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š

แ€ฑแ€› แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€†แ€”แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€•แ€žแ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€™แ€†แ€”แ‚  แ€„ แ€   แ€” แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

James Bond แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Fleming แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€” แ€™แ€‚แขแ€‡แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    The New York -

er แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ James Bond แ€€    แ€แ€• แ€‘ แ€‘  แ€ก แ€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ James Bond แ€†   แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€”แ€œแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ James Bond แ€›แ‚• แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€€แก แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  Hoagy Carmi-

chael แ€”แ‚”  Fleming แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€•   แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ Casino Royale แ€แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ Vesper Lynd

 แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Bond แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€€    (แ€กแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ) Hoagy Carmichael แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€ แ€œ แ€แ€š แ€Ÿ  แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Moonraker แ€แ€แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„  Gala

Brand แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€‘ Bond แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Hoagy Carmichael แ€œ    แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€• แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€… แ€… แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Šแ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€™แ€€ แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‚• .

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€…   แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€…แ‚   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ž แ€œ   แ€•  .. แ€Ÿ

 แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Bond แ€€    แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ‚   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  Golf แ‚   แ€€ แ€œ แ€„   แฟแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€€    แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฅแ€™แ‚Šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ Fleming แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€›แ€™แ‚Š แ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€›   แ€  

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แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€† แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€…แ‚   แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Golf แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ Fleming แ€…แ‚   แ€€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€… แฟแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Bond

 แ€แ€แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แŽแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€   แ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ŠแŠ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ŠแŠ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ŠแŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„

แŽแ€›แ‚•แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  James Bond แ€›แ‚• แ€•  แ€žแ‚‘แ€ฌแ€” แ€€   Fleming แ€€ From Russia, with Love แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 โ€˜Name: Bond, James. Height: 183cm, weight: 76 kilograms; slim build; eyes: blue; hair: black; scar

down right cheek and on left shoulder; signs of plastic surgery on back of right hand; all-round ath-

lete; expert pistol shot, boxer, knife-thrower; does not use disguises. Languages: French and German

Smokes heavily (NB: special cigarettes with three gold bands); vices: drink, but not to excess, and

women. Not thought to accept bribes.โ€™ 

Ian Fleming แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€   แ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

1953 Casino Royale

1954 Live and Let Die

1955 Moonraker1956 Diamonds Are Forever

1957 From Russia, with Love

1958 Dr. No

1959 Goldnger

1960 For Your Eyes Only (Short Stories)

1961 Thunderball

1962 The Spy Who Loved Me

1963 On Her Majestyโ€™s Secret Service

1964 You Only Live Twice

1965 The Man with the Golden Gun

1966 Octopussy and The Living Daylights (Short Stories)

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Ian Fleming แ€ผแ€€แ€š แ€ผแ€œแ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แพแ€€แ€   แ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ -

1981 Licence Renewed

1982 For Special Services

1983 Icebreaker

1984 Role of Honour

1986 Nobody Lives for Ever

1987 No Deals, Mr. Bond

1988 Scorpius

1989 Win, Lose or Die

1989 Licence to Kill

1990 Brokenclaw

1991 The Man from Barbarossa

1992 Death is Forever

1993 Never Send Flowers

1994 SeaFire

1995 GoldenEye

1996 COLD

 แ€แ€แ€™แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€–แ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ž   แ‚”

Television

1954 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ CBS แ‚ แ€•แ€ž แ€™ Casino Royale แ€แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แŽแ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚• Climax! Series (1954 to 1958) แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ‚Šแ€„   แ€–   

Fleming แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  (แ€šแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€  แ‚แ€แแ… แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แˆแ‡แˆแ‚ แ‚แ€„  แ€Š แ€™ แ€žแ€Š ) แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ‚ แ€•แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แฟแ€— แ€แ€ž แ€…  แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€  James Bond แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€” แ€…  แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ

 แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ‚Šแ€„  แ€   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ 1973 แ€ผแ€แ€„ BBC แ‚ แ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ 1991 แ€ผแ€แ€„ โ€œJames Bond Jr.โ€

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ แ‚   แ€€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€†แ€€แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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Radio

1956 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€ผแ€แ€„ South African Radio แ€™ Moonraker แ€แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€’ แ€š  แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ‚Šแ€„  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ BBC

แ‚ แ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ Fleming แ€›แ‚• แ€แ€แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€• แ€’ (You Only Live Twice, Dr. No, Goldnger, From Russia, with Love แ€” 

On Her Majestyโ€™s Secret Service) แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€’ แ€š   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€†แ€€แ€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Comics Medium

  1957 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€ผแ€แ€„  Daily Express แ€™  Fleming แ€›แ‚• แ€แ€แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€”  แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แŽแ€›แ‚• James Bond แ€แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‘ แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€€แ€”แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Šแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Daily Express แ€›แ‚• แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€”แ€กแ€œ   แ‚”แ€„ แ€ฌ Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

James Bond แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  Sketch แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ž  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€…แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ John McLusky (แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„  Daily Express แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  James Bond แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€†  แ€žแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ž) แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ Fleming แ€›แ‚• James Bond แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ James Bond แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€•แ€žแ€ž แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€€แก แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ Casino Royale แ€€   7 July 1958 แ€™ แ€ฌ

 Anthony Hern แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ John McLusky แ€™แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€ แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Film

  1962 แ€ผแ€แ€„  Eon Productions แ€™  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ Sean Connery แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€    Dr. No แ€€    แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…

 แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ‚Šแ€„  แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€‡แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ Eon Productions แ€€ แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ Eon

 แ€€แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€   แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ Casino Royale แ€€   Par-

ody แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€   แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ‚ แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ‚   แ€€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ David Niven

 แ€€ Sir James Bond แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ Columbia Pictures แ€™ แ€แ€„แ€†แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

(David Niven แ€” แ‚” แ€†แ€€ แ€…แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„ 1963 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€€ The Pink Panther แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€— แ€œแ€”

Sir Charles Litton แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€  แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แŽ character แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚•แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€›  แ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ‚ แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€

Clouseau แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€›แ€šแ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€ผแ€– แ€šแ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€šแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€†แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹)

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แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€• Eon Productions แ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€   แ€แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Fleming แ€›แ‚• Thunderball แ€€   Never

Say Never Again แ€Ÿแ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แฟแ€• แ€ธ Sean Connery แ€™ แ€• James Bond แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€šแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€›   2015 แ€กแ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Eon Productions แ€™ แ€• James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€•  แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ‚   แ€€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  

แ€›แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ Eon แ€€ แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€   James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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Music

  James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€• แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€†แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€†แ€›แ€›  แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Paul McCartney แ€›แ‚• Live and Let Die, Car-

ly Simon แ€›แ‚• Nobody Does It Better, Sheena Easton แ€›แ‚• For Your Eyes Only แ€”แ‚” Adele แ€›แ‚• Skyfall แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€†แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€   แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ Adele แ€›แ‚• Skyfall แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แˆแ… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€€แ€šแ€’แ€™แ€† แ€›แ€›  แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 Video Games

  1983 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ Parker Brothers แ€™  Atari 2600 แ€กแ€…แ€›   แ€    แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

Bond video game แ€€   แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€…แ James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€  

 แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€›  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ 1997 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ GoldenEye 007 แ€Ÿแ 1995 แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚   แ€แ€„แ€   แ€    Pierce

Brosnan แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   GoldenEye แ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ rst-person shooter game แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Nintendo 64 แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›  แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Rare แ€™  แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€    แ€ก  แ€’  GoldenEye 007 แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€

BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Award for UK Developer of the Year แ€€   1998 แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€† แ€แ€ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€กแ‚   

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€› แ€…แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€†แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€›  แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ Game Player แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€†แ€„   แ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€™  James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„

แ€žแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ 3D Games แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

James Bond แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

Guns

  James Bond แ€›แ‚• แ€€แ€”แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ Fleming แ€€ Bond แ€€    6.35mm Beretta 418

แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€ แ€€   แ€€  แ€„แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ James Bond แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€žแŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€†แ€š   แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€›   Geoffrey Boothroyd แ€›แ‚• แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ Berette 418 แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€€  แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ

7.65mm Walther PPK แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€„แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€”  แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  Fleming แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Dr. No แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ James

Bond แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€œ แ€š แ€€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  Dr. No แ€แ€แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€€แ€”แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„แ€ž  Major Boothroyd แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  M แ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ (แ€’แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

Dr. No แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ James Bond แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€”แ€ แ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

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แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€›แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š)แ‹

James Bond แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Savage Model 99 แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„  แ‚  แ€„ แ€–แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€แ€„แ€แ€€ แ€…แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซ

 แ€แ€…แ€ แ‚•แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€  แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ Colt. 45 Army Special แ€œ   แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€€  แ€„แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

Tomorrow Never Dies แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Bond แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Walther P99 แ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€ แ€€   แ€€  แ€„แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 Vehicles

  แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ James Bond แ€แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ Bond แ€Ÿแ€ฌ Bentley 4.5 litre แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€™

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ Bond แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€›   แ€ Aston Martin DB5 แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แŽแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    Thunderball, GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies,

Casino Royale แ€”แ‚”  Skyfall แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ Aston Martin

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แŽแ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€… แ€ธแ€€   January 2006 แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€ž แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ 2,090,000 แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ แ€แ€š แ€šแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

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Gadgets

  Mr. Q แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€    Q branch แ€›แ‚• แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€›แ€  

James Bond แ€€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€  แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ แ€   แ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€ แ€…

 แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€€ แ€ แ€แ€’แ€ แ€€    แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€    แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แŠ แ€œ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€  Jet

PackแŠ Autogyro แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€  แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€… แ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€š แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€›  แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€– แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€• Mr. Q แ€€ James Bond แ€€   โ€œQ Branch แ€™แ€›  แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซโ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€• แ€— แ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ gadgets แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ Scaramanga แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€”แ€แŠ Rosa Klebb แ€›แ‚•

แ€กแ€† แ€•แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€   แ€–แ€”แ€•แŠ Oddjob แ€›แ‚• แ€…แ€ แ€ธแ€œแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€•แŠ Blofeld แ€›แ‚• แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€› แ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”

 แ€‘ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€•   แ€‘ แ€แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

  2015 แ‚   แ€แ€„แ€˜แ€ฌ แ† แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ Daniel Craig แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    James Bond

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€…  Spectre แ€€    แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ‚Šแ€„  แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ James Bond

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ แ€”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ James Bond แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€œแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€…แ€… แ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€– แ€ธ

 แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€›  แ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ Dimple แ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€ แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€™แ€š แ€กแ€…แ€›   แ€   แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

Sean Connery แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ แ€แ€š แ€  แŠ James Bond

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€   แ€แ€š แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€š

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ James Bond แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ‚• แ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€… โ€ฆ

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aw;jo&m

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  แ€Ÿ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Ÿ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€• แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€”  แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€แ€„แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€ แ€แ€กแ‚ แ€…

 แ‚แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ  แ‰แ‚ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แแ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€• แ€กแ€’ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ‰แ€ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚   แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ blood sport แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แพแ€€แ€ก   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€—แ€„แ€’แ€” แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ แ€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€—แ€„แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€•   แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„  แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ‹

 แ€•แ€ซแ€• แ€™แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€‘แ€” แ€‘แ€”แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€›แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€  แ€  แ€„แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ‚•

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€” แ‚”แ‚  แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€ผแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„  แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

 แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€žแ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€• แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€   แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€  แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ‚• แ€‚ แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ‹ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€—แ€„แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„  แ‚ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แฟแ€–แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€แ€ฌ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€‚ แ€ แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€˜แ€š แ€œแ€†   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แŠ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€˜แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€—   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€•แš แ€แ€€แ€แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€Šแ‚•แ€žแ€€แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ‚   แ€€แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€™ แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€”แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€€แ€„  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€  แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†   แ€ แ€œ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€“ แ€ แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ‚  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แš แ€ฑแ€žแ€›แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ แ€œ    แ€ แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€˜แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€œ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€•แ‹ แแ‚ แ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ‚  แ€„แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แšแ€›แ€„

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€•แ€แ€ซแ€™แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€™แ‚แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ‚Š  แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€• แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   

 แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ‹

แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€€ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€š แ€…แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€š   แพแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฑแšแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š แ‰แ‚ แ€แ‚ แ€… แแ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€แ€€แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€€แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แšแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€กแ€’ แ€€   แ€กแ€œแ€Š แ€œ   แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€™แ€แ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€” แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€“แ€œ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€• แ€€ แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•   แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€ž แ€€ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€ แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€•  แ€„แ€›แ€„

แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ž แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€  แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€€แ€• แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€แ€š แ… แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€›   แ€™แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€œ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€•แ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ‚”  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Šแ‚‡ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€ผแ€•  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‹

แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€• แ€€   แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€” แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€’ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€€   แ€  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚”แ‚   แ€€ แ€™แ€š

แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€žแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ผแ€œ แ€š แ€แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‚   แ€แ€”แ‚  

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ‚  แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€žแ€  แ€›   แ€™แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€›แ€šแ‹

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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  แ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ‹ แ‚  แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€›แ€ผแ€•   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€  แ€›แ‚ˆ   แ€ธ แ‚ แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€• แ€›   แ€แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€†แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€šแ€žแ€”แ€šแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€” 

แ€กแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™

แ€žแ€   แ€™แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€ผแ€•   แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ‹

 แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€– แ€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€›แ€„  แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€–   

 แ€– แ€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€›  แ€žแ€œ    แ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€€  

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€ แ€ผ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€œแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€’  แ€„ แ€€แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€

แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€ แ€  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€šแ€ฅแ€›แ€•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€„

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ‹

 แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ž แ€€ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€˜แ€€ แ€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•  แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€„

 แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€  แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€   แ€แ€Š  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€แ€ผแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€… แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•   แ€…

แ€ž แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€’ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€›   แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฉแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€™ แ€œ แ€•   แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€Š  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€    แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€‘แ€Š แฟแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‚   แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ‚•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€• แ€• แ€™   แ€€ แ€ แ€™   แ€€ แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€•   แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€• แ€แ€Š แ€แ€Š

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ‹ แ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€›แ€„   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€’แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแšแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ก แ€œ   แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€œแ€ฑแ€แšแฟแ€•แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€‘  แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€• แ€แ€Šแ€” แ‚”แ‹

  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™   แ€€ แ€€แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€’  แ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œ  แ€žแ€  แ€›  แ€›แ€„

 แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ฌ   แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€žแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€Š   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€Š แ€€ แ€€   แ€šแ€”แ‚” แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€š

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€… แ€ แ€€   แ€ผแ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™   แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€แ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†แ€€ แ€€แ€”

 แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€• แ€‘แ€›แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€   แ€€แ€… แ€€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€† แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„  แ€žแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€• แ€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€œ   แ‚” แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ‹

แ€„แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ‹ แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ‹ แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แ€– แ€แ€ฑแ€แšแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚”  แ€šแ€ฅแ€›แ€•แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€™แ€‘ แ€แ€› แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•  แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ แฟแ€•แŠ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€–แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€…

 แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€† แ€• แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ    แ‚ แ€ฑแ€†แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€†  แ€›แ€„

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€’ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€’แ€ฑแ€˜แ€’แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ

แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€žแ€œ   แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€แ€  แ€„แ€  แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€† แ€™แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€žแ€œ   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธ แ€‚แ€žแ€› แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€… แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ž แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แพแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แฟแ€•แ‹

Page 93: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 93/199volume 8   93

 แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€  แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแฟแ€•แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€Š แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€Ÿแ€” แ€€   แ€š แ€–   แ‚”  แ€แ€• แ€แ€Š แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ‹

  แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€   แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€™แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€„ แ€™   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€Ÿ แ€กแ€žแ€€  แแ‡ แ‚ แ€…แŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€”แ€š แ€€แ€œ  แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ

แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€—แ€ฌแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€€   แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ€Ÿ ( แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”) แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แƒ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š

 แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€” แ€แ€”แ€›แ€›แ€” แ‚” แ€•  แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€„ แ€™   แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€

 แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ แ‹ แ€กแ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€•แ‹ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   

แ€ž แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ‹ แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•   แ€™ แ€™แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€แ‹

  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แŠ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š  แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€แ€…แ€”แ€š แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€›แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€™แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€   แ€š  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€†   แ€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€€แ€™แ€ แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€•  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ก แ€™ แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”....

  แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ž แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€”

 แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ผแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€” แ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แฟแ€•แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ž แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€š  แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ‹ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€„

Page 94: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 94/199volume 8   94

แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€  แ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€… แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€œ   แ‚”แ‹ แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€š  แ€ž แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€€   แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ž แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€’แ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ก แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€’แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€š แ€€แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€   แ€   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ผแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€š    แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…   แ€ธแ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚” แ€•  แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€Šแ€€แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€‘แ€แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ก แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€†แ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€€    แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€žแ€œ    แ€กแ‚ แ€แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€€

แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€œ  แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แšแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€…แ€• แ€€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€  

แ€กแ€ž แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€š  

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€™แ€แ€แ€˜ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ ( แ€กแ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€›แ€ฌ ) แ€” 

แ€ž แ€Ÿ ( แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€”) แ€   แ‚”แ€›   แ€ผแ€•  แ€•แ€ซแ€• แ€  แ‹

 แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€š  แ€ž แ€Ÿ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€š แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€š   แ€ผแ€•   แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€žแ€„  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€€   แ€š  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€€แ€”แ€€  

 แ€‘แ€‘  แ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€–   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹

แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€™แ€€  แ€„ แ€™  แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€œแ€แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ‹

แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€€แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€  แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‚แ€€  แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€š แ€Šแ€ฌ

 แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€’ แ€ธแ€   แ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ‚   แ€€ แ€™แ€š  แ€ผแ€  แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†แ€€ แ€   แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€’แ€ซแ€€   แ€• แ€˜แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š

แ€žแ€ก แ€ แ€€แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€œแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€†   แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ‹ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€Šแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€  แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚”แ‚   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€œ แ€’แ€กแ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€€  แ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€“ แ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€•   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€กแ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€”แ‚”  แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

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 แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ€€แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แƒ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” 

แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Š แ€แ€… แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€‘แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€š แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฑแšแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€‘แ€Š แ€• แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€˜แ€› แ€ แ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜  แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€

 แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€™แ€ธ แ€ผแ€• แ€ผแ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€‘ แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„

 แ€แ€€แ€š    แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€• แ‹ แ€œ แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€žแ€„     แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แฟแ€•แ‹

  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€ฑแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€™แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แซแ€ผ แ€แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€œ  แ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แพแ€€แ€€ แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ž แ€€

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•    แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€   แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€กแŠ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ แ€แ€š แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€“ แ€ แ€   แ‚”  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€’  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€›    แ€แ€•แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ แ€”   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€”แ€š แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€œ แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ž แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€†  แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€’  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ก,แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€žแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ

แ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ แ€    แ€’ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€•แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€แ€…แ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€†แ€‘ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‚ แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   

 แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€†แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ก,แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€žแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€›   แ€•  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€”แ€š แ€€   แ€š  แ€”แ€š แ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•   แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แšแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€•แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€Ÿแ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€š   แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€แ€ซแ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ก,แ€€

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€กแ€† แ€แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แ‹ แ€กแ€†แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

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แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€›แ‚Šแ€กแ€›แ€š.....

  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™แ€แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ฌ  แ€Š แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€€แ‚Œ แ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€†   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€–   

 แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€š แ€€แ€œแ€šแ€” แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€    แ€กแ€แ€ แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€€    แ€แ€€แ€š แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ‹ แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€†แ€†แ€Šแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€…แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€—  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€š แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€™แ€แ€แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ

 แ€‘ แ€‘ แ€• แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธแ€…แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แฟแ€– แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€š แ€—แ€”แ€’แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ‹ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€”

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„  แ‚ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แฟแ€–แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€œ    แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€Ÿแ€” แ€€   แ€š แ€–   แ‚”แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€—แ€”แ€’แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€œ   แ€กแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€›  แ€” แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ผแ€•  แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€•แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€Šแ‹ แ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€€   แ€š แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€  แ€„แ€›แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ‹

  แ€‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ (แ€กแ€” แ€€แ€ฌ) แ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แฟแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€™ แ€” แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ€  แ‚•แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€€   แ€™แ€‘แ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แฟแ€–แ€œแ€€ แ€• แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ซแ€•แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€™แฟแ€• แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€… แ€ธแ‚  แ€„

แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€†  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ‹

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ‹

  แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€œแ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€š แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€š  แ€Šแ‚‡ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€กแ€›แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€š  แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€’แ€ซแ€„ แ€€แ€”แ€†   แ€แ€กแ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€

 แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€กแ€ แ€…แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡ แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ก แ€œ   แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

Page 97: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 97/199volume 8   97

แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€œ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ‚ แ€…แ€แ€€  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€ แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€

แ€กแ€€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€‘ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†  แ‚  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€”แ€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€  แ€„แ€กแ€™ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€”แ€…แ€”แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€•   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€Šแ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€•  แ€™ แ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ

 แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€žแ€ก แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€•  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™

แ€›แ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€›แ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€€    แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€™  แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€‘   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€›  แ€   แ€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€” แฟแ€„แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€…แ€™แ€›   แ€   แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€› แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ    แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€† แ€แ€ผแ€›  แ‚•แ€† แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€…แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€›  แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€…แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€„แ€žแ€™แ€ฌ

แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€š  แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€˜ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€€   แ€šแ‹ แ€ก แ€œ    แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€•แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜  แ€กแ€€แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€  

 แ€ผแ€•   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€€ แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€‘   แ€ธ แ€‘   แ€ธ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€™   แ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€Ÿ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Ÿ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ แ€…แ€… แ€€   แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ€… แ€€   แ€œแ€„ แ€œแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€‘ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š แ€™   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€”   แ‚” แ€™  แ€†    แ€ผแ€€   แ€™ แ€ฌแ‹

 แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€›   แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€• แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แ€‘แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€… แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€   แ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€•แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€กแ€‘ แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚” แ€•แ€ฑแ€œ

แ€’ แ€œ   แ€• แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€ž แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ž แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€€ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ก แ€€

Page 98: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 98/199volume 8   98

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚   แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚ แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€  แ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€‘แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„

แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€แ€š แ€™แ€€ แ€” แ€ฌแ€ž แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€‚แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€•   แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€š  แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š

 แ€•   แ€™แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€” แ€ฌแ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€› แ€• แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’  แ€„ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€œแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€Šแ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€™แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€   แ€€แ€… แ€€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€† แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€… แ€€   แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ž แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€š  แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€’ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€€    แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™

 แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€‘   แ€ธแ‚   แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€’ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•

แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€„  แ€ผแ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€’ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ‚   แ€แ€„  แ€™แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แฟแ€•แŠ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€ แพแ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€Ÿแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€•แ‹ แ€’ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€แ€”แ€แ€” แ€   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ผแ€€   แ€•แ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ‹ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€™แ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€’ แ€œ  แ€” แ‚” แ€•  แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€กแ€…แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ผแ€•  แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€’แ€กแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€™แ€€ แ€” แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€’ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•  แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€†แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€ž แ€‘   แ€ธแ€€   แ€š แ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š  แ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€   แ€€ แ€…แ€…แ€†แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€แ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ž แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„

 แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š  แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š  แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ€€ แ€…แ€… แ€€    แ€กแ€›  แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™แ€š

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€›แ€ฌแ‹

แ€ž แ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€˜ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€–   แ‚” แ€ผแ€€   แฟแ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ผแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€€  

แ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€ก แ€œ   แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€† แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ผแ€€   แฟแ€•แฟแ€• แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ก แ€œ    แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€แ€„  แ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ‚” แ€€   แ€•  แ€›แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€” 

แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€    แ€œแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€—แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€†แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ‚แ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แƒแ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€’ แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€› แ€€ แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€†แ€€ แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€ผแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€ แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€— แ€ธ

 แ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€Šแ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€š แ€€แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ป แ€™แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€‘   แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€š  แƒ แ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€•  แ€ฑแ€žแ€› แ€€แ€   แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€œ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   

แ€กแ€›แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€› แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€•  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€  

แ€กแ€… แ€€  แ€”แ€†   แ€  แ€ž แ€€   แ€•  แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€แ€„   แ€™แ€›แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”แ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€กแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€•

แ€ž  แ€‚ แ€ แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ก   แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ€•  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚” แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€แšแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€„  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€†แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธ

 แ€œ   แ€€ แ€   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›  แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ แ‚”แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 Jurassic

Page 100: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 100/199volume 8   100

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ(แ)

แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Š

  แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€ฆแ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€ฆแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„แ‚   แ€ธแพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€–แ€€

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€… แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ แ€›   แ€ธแ€›   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ž

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแŠ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€   แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ แ‹ แแ€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€†   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•.. แ€กแ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š แ€™แ‚แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€€   แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€แ แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚•แ€›แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ผแ€˜ แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ž แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„   .

แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€   แ€›   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€– แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„ แ€™แ€›แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€คแ€€  แ€ž  แ‚• แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ ..แ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™.. แ€ž แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€…แŠ แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แŠ แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™   แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€š   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€žแ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ผแ€˜   แ€›แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€™   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€•แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€– แ€–    . . แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™ แ€™ แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€ผแ€™แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”แ€›แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€™   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„.. แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€”  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ

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 แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€†   แ€œ    . . แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€•แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€€ แ€ปแ€• แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€›  แ€”  แ€„ แ€™แ€Š  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž    แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€”  แ€„ แ€–   แŠ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€–   แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 

 แ€ฑแ€แ€”  แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  . .แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€™ แŠแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  . .แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€•แ‚แ€„   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€†    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ 

 แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€›แ€ฌ.. แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š

แ€žแ€Š  แ€ผแ€˜ แ‚”แ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€™    แ€˜แ€แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แ€ž  แ‚• แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€  แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„แ€›แ€›  แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€”  แ€„ แ€–  แ‚•แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌ .. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แŠ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€  แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„แ€›แ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€”  แ€„ แ€–  แ‚• แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€   แ€•  แ€„ แ€•  แ€„แ€”  แ€„แ€”  แ€„

แ€แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ(แ‚ )

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€• แ€… แ€ธ ... แ€’แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ 

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€  แ€แ€š แ€–  แ‚•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แธ แ€แ€›แ‚• แ€›   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› . . แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€œ    แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌโ€ 

  โ€œแ€˜แ€š แ€€   แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€   แ‚”โ€   โ€œแ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€• แ€€    แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ‚•แ€€    แ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ„แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€–  

แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™  แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€• แ€€    แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ˆแ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚•

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€† แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€.. แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌโ€ .

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธ)แŠ (แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธ)

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑ  แ€ˆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”    แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€  แ€ซแŠ แ€†   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€”แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑ แ€ˆแ€ธแ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ . .แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€• แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š

 แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 โ€œแ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ..แ€„แ€ซแ€Šแ€ฑแ€› . . แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑ แ€ˆ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.. แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€   . แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€› แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌโ€ 

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . . แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€” . . แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–    แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แŠ แ€ผแ€›แ€„ แ€›แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ

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แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ„ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™แŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€•  แ€€    . . แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–    แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ‚  แต แ€š

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€•แ€‘แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ

แแ‚แ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž    แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€..

 โ€œแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ€’ แ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌโ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€€ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€•แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€•แ€€ แ€” แ‚”   . .

 

 โ€œ แ€™ แ€›  แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜ แ€ธ . . แ€ก แ€… แ€€   แ€   แ‚” แ€› แ€š แ€ก แ€… แ€€   แ€   แ‚” แ€ก แ€ž แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€šแ€ฌ แ€ฅ แ€œ แ€€ แ€™ แ€

แ€ฑแ€ˆแ€ธแ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„ ..แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€•   แ€™แ€… แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ฌ แŠ แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€   แ‚”..แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”

.แ€ฑแ€œ แ€… แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ 

 

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€กแ€„แšแ€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แŠ แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€ฌแ€ธ แŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ‹ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ ..

  โ€แ€ก..แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ..แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ .. แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ..

 แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ. แ€ผแ€›  แ€„ แ€›แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ‚  แต แ€š แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแŠแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”  แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€  แ‚

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹โ€ 

 

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€›แฟแ€•  แ€„แ€•แ€œ แ€€   แ€ผแ€€แ€š  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€” แ€แ€š  Flight UB 403 แ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€˜  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€›

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  .. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€žแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€š แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€€ .. . แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€—แ€‡แ€ฌ แ‚แ€„  แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€• แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€—แ€‡แ€ฌ แ€›แ€š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แƒ )

 แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€œ แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑ  แ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€กแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€œ แ€™ แ€œแ€Šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€•   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แพแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€   แ‚”  แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ . . ..แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€˜

 แ€  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แƒ แ€‘แ€•แ€ž     แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ.. แ€›   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚” แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„    .. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„  .

 แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€• แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฆแ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€œ แ€™แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€•   แ€… แ€€    แ€œแ€€ แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  .. แ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ปแ€–แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€†   แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€กแ€œแ€Š   แ€€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   

. แ€ž แ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š..

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  โ€œแ€˜แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ โ€

 แ€‘   แ€กแ€แ€ซ.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ .. โ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€•  แ€” แ‚”  โ€ แ€Ÿ..แ€™แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š..

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌ แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€žแ€œ   .. แ€œ แ€„แ€• แ€• แ€–แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚• แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€€   แ€• แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ž แ€™แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€›แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€€   แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€ฑแ€ชแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€แ€Š   แ€   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แŠ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€€

แ€ž แ€กแ€€แ€„   แ€แ€žแ€ฑ แ€•แ€• แ€€   แ€ธแ‹

  โ€œแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„.. แ€œแ€ฌ..แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”    แ‹ แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    .

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ     แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ..แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ..แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€…..แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ผแ€€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ .. แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ก..แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ..แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ    โ€ 

  (แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€™แ€”แ€•   แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€žแ€œ    แ€†แ€€ แ€   แ€€ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€..แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ .. แ€กแ€†   แ€•แ€ซ.

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€žแ€Š  .. แ€œ แ€€  ..แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€žแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  .. แ€   แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€™   แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€›    แ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚•)

  โ€œแ€ช แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€”   แ‚”แ€ž แ€™แŠ แ€™แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€œโ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€š แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚”   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แ„ )

 แ€œ แ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธ

  แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€™  แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ

 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€… แ€ แ€• แ€™ แ€ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€œแ€† แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   (Immigration) แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€..

 แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€œ แ€„ แŠ แ€™แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€žแ€žแ€šแ€›  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„  RTU Return To Unit (แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ž    แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•    แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ)

แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„   Social visit stay แ แ€›แ€€แŠ แ‚ แ€›แ€€ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€€   แ€• แ€€แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™  แ‚• แ€œ แ€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€…  แ€›   แ€   .. แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แค แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€…   แ€ธ (แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แคแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€›  แ€ž)

แ€† แ€€   แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€†   แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

(แ) แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€’  แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€แšแ€    ( แ€†   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แŠแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€  แ€ซแ€•   แ€…  (Embarkation/Dis-embarkation card)

 แ€ปแ€–แ€Š   แ€•   แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€™ แ€™ แ€… แ€ธแ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€™ แ€แŠ แ€กแ€™แ€ŠแŠแ€กแ€žแ€€แŠ แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แŠแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€›  แ€žแ€Š แ€   แ‚” แ€€  

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 104/199volume 8   104

แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

(แ‚) แ€แ€แ€”  แ€„แ€žแ€™ แŠ แ€žแ€•แ€žแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€›แ€• แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€• แ€ธ . .แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€–    แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

(แƒ) แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ ..แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–   แŠ แ€… แ€ธแ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€™แŠ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€… แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€    แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€  (แ€”  แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š)แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ .. แ€™ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€… แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . .แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€   แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘แ€ผแ€‘แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  

(แ„) แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€™แ€†    . .แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š    แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€    แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ ..) แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€– แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แŠ แ€แ€”แ‚•แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™  แ‚• แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„  แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€–แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€›แ€š

แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€… แ€…แ€… แ€ฑแ€œแ€›  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€œ    แ€™ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€  ..แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€€   แ€ž   แ€ธแ€™แ€Š   แ€€แ€™แป แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š  แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  .. แ€กแ€แ€„แ€—แ€‡แ€ฌ

.แ€แ€œแ€กแ€‘  .. แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 

 โ€œแ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . .แ€   แ€ธแ€›แ€… แ€•   แ€…แ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€—แ€ฌโ€ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ‚•แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€ แ€†   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€… แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€แ€กแ€€แค   แ€ผแ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€    แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€–แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€…   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ โ€œแ€กแ€œ   แ€แ€ แ€–    แ€™แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œ . .แ€   แ€ธแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” 

Holiday แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€š แ€œ  แ‚• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€แ€žแ€œ  .. แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„.. แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€€ แ€›แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ..

 โ€œแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€Š แ€ธโ€ แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€’  ( Credit Card ) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€žแŠ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€ž   แ€ธแพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแŠ

 แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ก แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ ..แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€™ แ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€€   . .แ€‘ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ 

(แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ..แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€..แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€€   แ€™แ€€  แ€„แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ.. แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ

 แ€แ€ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ . .แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€šแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ.. แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€”  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  ..

แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€€   แ€š   แ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€€  ..แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€‘ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€€  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š)

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แ… )

 แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธ แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€

  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€™  แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€™แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€€ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ

Page 105: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 105/199volume 8   105

แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€†แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”   แ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ˆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธ(แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ)

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€กแ€žแ€… แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€ž   แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ (แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธ) แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ แ€”แ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€› แ€›แ€›  แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€™ แ€  แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„    แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌ . . แ€ฑแ€œแ€† แ€• แ€   แ‚”แแ€กแ€ผแ€…แ€”แ€†   แ€ธ แ€‚ แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€†   แ€€ แ€€แ€•แŠแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€  แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ

แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€… แ€ธแ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠ โ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€œโ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†   แ€€ แ€€แ€•แ€›แ€ฌ . . แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€‚ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ .. แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€‚ แ€แ€›  แ€›แ€ฌ . .แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€—แ€Ÿ  แ€†แ€ž    แ€ฑแ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€แšแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ . .แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 

แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€† แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แŠ TAXI แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€ แ€ปแ€™  แ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ..แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€•แ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แŠ แ€€   แ€š   แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.

แ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€.. แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แ† )

 โ€œแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”   แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€œโ€

 แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€„  แ€›แ‚•  แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ปแ€™  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ . .แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€… แ€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Š  แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€œแ€Š    แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€œ   แ€€  แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ธแ€  ( Half-day Tour ) แ€ฑแ€”  แ€แ€แ€€  แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€œแ€Š   แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ ..แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š  แ€€    

แ€˜แ€ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€    แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ž  โ€œแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„โ€ แ€†   แ€  

 แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€€  แ‚แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€” แ‚”  แŠ แ€ž  แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€  โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ (Ma-Na ) แ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€žแ€€  แแˆ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แŠ แ€ฑแ€”  แ€แ€แ€€ แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ธ แ€žแ€Š แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€šแŠแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•    แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š  .. แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™ แ€€   แ€•  .

แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€„ แ€™  แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™   แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€’แ€ผแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ    . .แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Šแ€” แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ  

 แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธ ( แ€š   แ€ธแ€’แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธ) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ . . แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”  แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š.

แ€ž    แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ .

แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€  โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ (Ma Na ) แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€•แ€ž แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   โ€œWat Phrakaewโ€ แ€†   แ€   แ€ป แ€™แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ

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(Emerald Buddha) แ€›แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€   แ€€  แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€–แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€…  แ€ฑแ€แ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ แ€… แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€– แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š  แ€กแ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•   แ‚” แ€  

แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ  แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ž  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€… แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€” แ€ธแ€  

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€œแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€  โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€€    แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€šแ€”  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ.. (Ma Na) แ€žแ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€แ€แ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€€แ€Šแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ โ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€   แพแ€€แ€–      แ€† แ€ผแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธโ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€   แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

 แ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€›แ‚•แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€€ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€   . . แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š แ€กแ€ž แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•   

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€… แ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€…  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€„    แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ

..

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . . แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ 

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚”    โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€” แ‚”   แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€› แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€Šแ‚Šแ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”

 แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแŠ (Ma Na ) แ€€ โ€แ€ž แ€˜แ€š แ€€   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธโ€

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š . .แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..

 

 โ€œแ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€–แ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€กแ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚”    แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€    แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€œโ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ . . แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ ..

 โ€œแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚ แ€œ  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€œ  แ€˜แ€› แ€ธ แ€—แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€œ  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€

 แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ . . แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . .แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ (We are straight and single)

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ โ€œแ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ โ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ . .. แ€”แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€’ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ .. . แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ ..แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ ..

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ ..

 โ€œแ€ก  แ€ฑแ€€ . . แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ โ€œแ€˜แ€› แ€ธ แ€—แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€œ  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚ แ€œโ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแŠแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ‹

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„  แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€  แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ    แŠ แ€ฑแ€”  แ€œแ€š แ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแŠ (แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€” แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€–แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  ) แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€    แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แ„แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š แ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแšแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌโ€ แ€œ     โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€”แ‚”   แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€š แ€…แ€” แ‚”   แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠแพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ‹แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . .แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€”แ€แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€   

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ .. แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ . . แ€‚แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ปแ€„ แ€™ แŠ แ€™แ€›   แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€› แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‚•แ‹

  แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แ„ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . .โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ผแ€˜แ€” แ€‚   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ผแ€ž แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ.. โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ..แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธ แŠแ€ฑแ€› แ€   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ..

 แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€€    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€• แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š

 โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”  

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแŠ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€    . ... แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€… แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€š แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‚• ..

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  โ€œแ€œ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€› แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€Ÿ  โ€ แ€œ     แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แพแ€€แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚”  แ€›แ‚•  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€…แ€…

 แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€•แ€€ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ โ€œแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€œ  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€œ  แ€˜แ€› แ€ธ แ€—แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€œโ€ แ€†   แ€ผแ€€..

  แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ..แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•   แ‚”  แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€   แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ โ€œTiger Showโ€ . .. แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€..แ€ฑแ€Ÿโ€.

  โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€€ แ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ  แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š . .

 โ€œแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ผแ€€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œโ€ โ€œแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ  แ€˜แ€› แ€ธ แ€—แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€œโ€ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ . .แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•

แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ . .แ‚ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„แ‹ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€•  แ€€ .แ… แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ    แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€—แ€ฌโ€ 

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ . .แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€™แ€” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€š..

 แ€ช แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€แ€š

 โ€œแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€ซแ€ธแ€œ  แ€˜แ€› แ€ธ แ€—แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€œโ€ แ€†   แ€    โ€œแ€™แ€”โ€ แ€›แ‚•  แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€แ€. .

 โ€œTiger... Tiger ... Very Beautifulโ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ ..

 โ€œแ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚ แ€œ  แ€‘  แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚ แ€œ  แ€˜แ€› แ€ธ แ€—แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€œโ€

 โ€œThai girl... Thai girl ... Very Beautifulโ€ 

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œ แ€•แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ (แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฑ แ€‡แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ) แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ€—แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€› แ€’แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  โ€œแ€ผแ€ แ€ แ€•  แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€ฌโ€ แ€œ   แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ ..

 แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . .แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ‹

Page 108: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 108/199volume 8   108

  แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€™ แ€ฌ SIEMENS แ€€ แ€™แธ แ€แŠ แ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€ แ€™แธ แ€  แƒ แ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ธ

 แ€แ€„แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แŠแ€™แ€› แ€ž แ€–    แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€–      แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™      แ€ฑแ€›  แ‚”แ€†แ€€

แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แ‡ )

 แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€• แ€ปแ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž    แ€กแ€แ€„

  แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แŠ แ€กแ‚  แต แ€š แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€†   แ€€ แ€€แ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ

 แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€• แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€‚ แ€แ€›  แ€›แ€ฌ . . แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€—แ€Ÿ  แ€†แ€ž    แ€ฑแ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€แš แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€‚ แ€ แ€แ€ แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€… แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€š.. แ€ก แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€กแ€œแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 โ€œWhat brings you here to Singapore, Sir!โ€ 

 โ€œIโ€™m here for holidayโ€.

  แ€กแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€•แ€›แ€€  แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€ž แ€€    แ€แ€Š แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š.. แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . . แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ€— . .

 โ€œHow long will you be staying, Sir?โ€ 

 โ€œAbout a monthโ€

(แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ..แ€ผแ€œ   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•..แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€แŠ แ‚แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌ..

 แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ . . .แ€กแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌ . .แ€   แ€ธแ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแŠแ€œแ€Š แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ) โ€œHow can you support yourself nancially?โ€

 โ€œI have 1700 US Dollar in cash and I can manage with my old friends here.โ€ 

 โ€œCould you show your money counting by yourself to me. Sir!!โ€ 

แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” wallet (แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธ แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ก แ€  ) แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€    แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€‘ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€› แ€ปแ€• แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  . แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€›แ‚•  แ€™.แ€”.แ€œ แ€กแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ..แ€—แ€‡แ€ฌ แ€   แ€ธ แ€€  

แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€ž   แ€€   แ€แ‚ˆ   แ€€ แ€€แ€’ แ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ . . แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š Luggages แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

Belt/conveyer แ€† แ€€   แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•..แ€›แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€—แ€‡แ€ฌแ€   แ€ธ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€– แ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€™แ€”แ€œแ€™ แ€ฌ social visit stay แ€€ (seven days) แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   social visit stay แ€แ€… แ€œ แ€   แ€ธ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€† แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แŠ TAXI แ€”แ‚”    แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€    ..แ€ปแ€™  แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ..แ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แŠ แ€€   แ€š   แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.

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แ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€..แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแŠ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ..แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แˆ )

 แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€• แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€• แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

  แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š social visit stayแ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€–   แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€ แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€™   

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€แ€กแ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ Student Pass แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แŠ แพแ€€แ€แ€„  แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€… . .แ€แ€›แ€€แŠ แ‚ แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€• แ€ปแ€™  แ€‘ . .แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ..แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . . แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€• แ€™แ€šแ€†   .. แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€”แ‚”   แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ

 แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€€ . .แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ แ€ฑแ€ˆ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€ แ€” แ€… แ€…แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

Kallang shopping Centre แ€™ แ€ฌ (3 in 1) แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€–   แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€ . .แ€กแ€€แ€šแแ€ฑแ€แ€•แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑ แ€•แ‚แ… แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€™แ€Š   แ€†  แ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ white board, bench-

es and chairs แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€œ แแ… แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€€ แ€•   แ€™แ€†แ€”  แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ‚  แต แ€šแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€ .. แ€‘ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . .แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€• .. แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€• . .

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€• . .แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ .(3 in 1 ) แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠแ€กแ€‚แคแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แƒ แ€™แ€ธแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ

(แ) Basic English Course(แ‚) Intermediate English Course

(แƒ) Advanced English Course แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ .. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€ แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€’แ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌ..

 แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ซ .. แ€ž แ€€..แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€œ  ..แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€    . .แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€™แ€แ€€ แ€œ  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€    แƒ แ€™แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…

แ€กแ€†แ€„   แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แŠแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€  ..แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌ ..

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ .. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€› แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€แ€š..แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แŠแ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€€แ€

แ€„ แ€œ     แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ..(stay) แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„    แ€›แ€–  แ‚•แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ.. แ€œ.แ€.แ€€ แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€™แ€

แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแŠ แ€™ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚•แ€…แ€ฅ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€”

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€ แ€€แ€” แ€แ€š  แ€กแ€†แ€„   แ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ˆแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€š  (แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€†แ€„   แ€แ€€

แ€กแ€œแ€šแ€กแ€œแ€แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€™แ€› แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€€.. แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธ

แ€กแ€†แ€„   แ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„ .. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ€”  แ€„ แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€  

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แ€›แ€Š แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚” แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›  แ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ .. แ€ž   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌ ..แ€›แ€”  แ€„แ€žแ€™ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€š  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„ แ€›แ€–   แ€› แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š . .แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚•แ‹

  แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€แ€›แ€–   แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แŠแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€™ แ€ธแ€–   แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€..แ€œ  แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š . . .

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€Šแ€ฌแ€Šแ€ฌ แ€›   แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ  แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แŠ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

แ€›   แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€”  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€”  แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ..แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”  แ€„ แ€–    แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แ‰ )

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ..แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

  Student pass approved. แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€’ แ€›แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ‚”แ แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ.

 แ€…แ€€แคแ€ฌแ€• แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‘  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€™   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€  แ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”

 แ€€แ€•แ€”   แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€  ..แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€˜แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„.. Employment pass แ€›แ€›  แ€ฑแ€…แ€–    แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€–    แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

Write-in แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€•   แ‚”   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ Walk-in แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ธแŠ

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€€  แ€€   แ€š แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฅแ€ฌแ€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€›  แ€žแ€™  แŠ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ

แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€›  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ  แ€žแ€Šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€—แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แŠ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€™แ€Š แ€…แ€€แ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€‚แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€ž  .. แ€กแ€žแ€€  แ„แ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€›  แ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แฟแ€• แ€ธ .. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€’แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  (แ€กแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ.

 แ€‘ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€š) แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€Š . .แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ..แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ .. แƒ แ€›แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€” แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ( แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€Š แ† แ€”แ€ฌแ€›)แŠ

แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€    . .( แ€Š แ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”  แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ† แ€”แ€ฌแ€›)แŠ

(แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ . .) แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€’แ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   . .

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€-แ€šแ€”    แ€… แ€›แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€แ€ฌ (Eunos MRT) แ€™ แ€ฌแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€   แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ€‡   แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..

  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ-แ€› แ€™แ€’ แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€‘แ€›   แ€ธ (Remote control covers) แ€กแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š  แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…

(plastic seed) แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€Š แพแ€€แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€•   แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€™   แ€œ(Mould/Pattern/shape/Model) แ€‘แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›  แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธ (conveyer rubber belt) แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€€  แŠ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€   .แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€œแ€• แ€…แ€แ€…แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€”แŠ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€€ แ€  แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ซแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€“แ€ซแ€ธ (penknife) แ€” แ‚” 

 แ€ แ€แ€›แ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€žแ€•แ€žแ€• แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ . (แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€† แ€“แ€ซแ€ธแ€› แ€ป แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€แ€šแ€›แ€”แŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€‘ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ก แ€• แ€€   แ€š แ€…

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 แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š) แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  ..แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€   แ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘

 แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€žแ€• แ€แ€ฌ..แ€•   แ€•แ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  ..แ€ผแ€…แ€”   แ€•แ€…แ€กแ€… แ€แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ (Re-

 ject parts/Reject) แ€กแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š..แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ แ€™แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€žแ€œ  ..

 แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”   แ€ป แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  Rejectแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€…แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘แ€Š  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ฑแ„แ€•แŠ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€œ แ€แ€–แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€™ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€  แ€„ แ€€ แ€แ€œ   แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€€แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แƒ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€›แ€™..แ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€€  

แ„ แ€€แ€•  แ€”แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€ แ€›แ€ฌแŠแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” แแ แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€

แแxแ„=แ„แ„ (แ€แ€›แ€€)

แ„แ„x แƒ=แแƒแ‚ (แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€)

แแƒแ‚x แ„=แ…แ‚แˆ (แ€แ€œ)

 แ€‘   แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€ .. แ€ก แ€™แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ก แ€™ แ€œแ€ แƒแ…แ€ แŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€›แ€แ€š แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ (แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  

แแ‡แ… แ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š)แŠ แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแŠแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„  แŠ แ€œ แ€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€› แ€ แ…แ€ แ€†   แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€€แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ..แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€žแ€Š  ..แ€™ แ€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€แŠแ€แ€† แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€–   แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€• แ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€…แ€€ แ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌ production operator แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌ (แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ..

 แ€‚แ€€ แ€ปแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ) แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แŠ แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฆ แ€ธ.

แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แแ€ )

 แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€• (supervisor )

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Š    แ€ž แ€กแ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€• (supervisor ) แ€†  แ€ž แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ . .แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€€   แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€“ แ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  ..แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ . .แ€กแ€žแ€€ แƒแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ.

แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€•.. แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€œ แ€•แ€”  แ€„ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€›แ€แ€šแŠ แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ..แ€†   แ€   แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ  แ€ซแ€š แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ Can แ€•แ€ซแ€  

 แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€Ÿแ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ..แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€†   แ€   แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ  แ€ซแ€š แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ .Can not แ€•แ€ซแ€

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ...แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€ž แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   .แ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€” แ‚”   แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€œ แ€„  . . แ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€

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 แ€•แ€ซแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ..แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ . . (แ€คแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€™ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹)

  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ . .แ€…แ€„ แ€ธแ€‚แ€œ แ€•..แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ Can แ‚แ€„    Can not แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€ž   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š

 แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ ..แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ . แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€ž    แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€).แ€แ€› แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€ฌแ€› แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€‚แ€•แ€” แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„ .. แ‚ แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€†  แ€žแ€Š   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   .. แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”.. แ‚ แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ‹

(แ€คแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€™ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹)

  แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š..แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ.แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€™แ€ž แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€œ  .แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  .แ‚   แ€™ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š  แŠ แ‚   แ€™ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€† แ€œ   แ€™  แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ.แ€›   แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž   แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . ..แ€กแ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚”แ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ  . .แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แ€™ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€กแ€˜แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€šแ€ฅแ€”  แ€„แ€ก   แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ. .แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€™ . .แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€œ  ..แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š.. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ‚ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€ แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ .. แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€”  แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ŠแŠ

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ . .แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›  แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.

แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€แ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€†   แพแ€€แŠแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ.. แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€› แ€ แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ(แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ)แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€  แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€… แ€ธแ€œ   แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ .. แ€žแ€” แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€„แ€’  แ€” แ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ‚แ€„    แ€œ   แ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€› แ€แ€กแ€–   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ… แ€ฆแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€…แ€€แ€›   แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹  แ€กแ€” แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€‚แ€› แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€ผแ€แ€„ .. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแŠแ€™แ€แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  .. แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  ..แ€แ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š  แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ.

 แ€€แ€€แ€†แ€€ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•.. แ€ก แ€•แ€„   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  ..แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€•แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€กแ€” แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแพแ€€แ€€ .

 แ€แ€› แ€แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€†    แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . .แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€› แ€š    แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  .. แ€กแ€œแ€Š   แ€€

 แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€„   แ€€แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ..แ€€ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€œ   แ€€แ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ..แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€Ÿแ€žแ€™ แŠ แ€‚ แ€แ€›   แ€ผแ€… . .แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แแ )

แ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€š แ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œ แ€แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ..

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€”   แ€• แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€•แ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ž แ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€š แ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œ แ€แ€€แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ

Page 113: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 113/199volume 8   113

 แ€แ€…แ€ฆแ€ธ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œ (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ . .แ€…แ€€แ€›   แ€€  

 แ€แ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™  แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€ž (QC-Quality Control) แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ„ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™ แˆ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แŠแ€แ€”แ€œแค แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€” แ€กแ€‘แŠแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„   แพแ€€แพแ€€แ€€แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€„

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€แ€› แ€ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€• (supervisor) แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘  แ€žแ€„แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ( แ€€แ€…  แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ)แ€€   แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€œแ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€•แ€€  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„แŠ แ€›แ€…แ€žแ€›แ€…แ€ž แ‚ แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž    แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ .. แ€ฑแ€” แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ .. แ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ฌ .. แ€€แ€…  แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€   แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แ„ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€™ แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€”  แ€„แ€žแ€œ  

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แพแ€€แ€Š    แ€”  แ€„แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ . .แ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€… แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€   แ€ป แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€”  แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„.. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ QC passed parts แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  .

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  แ€„ แ€ผแ€ แ€š  แพแ€€แ€Š  แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ซ .. แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€›แ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€œ แ€•แŠแ€กแ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€

แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™    แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ   แ€œ  แŠ แ€แ€™แ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€žแ€œ   แ€œ  แŠ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  .. แ€–แ€œ แ€šแ€ผแ€แ€„  

แ€›แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š .. แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€…แ€ฅแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š   . . supervisor แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ (แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€ซ)

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€€ . .แ€กแ€žแ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€• . .แ€แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€แ€›  แ€›  แŠ แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€แŠ แ€กแ€œ   แ€™แ€€แ€   แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ž แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ..แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€   แ€™ .. แ€…แ€€แ€แ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€€   แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€‘ แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ .. แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›  แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธ

(conveyer rubber belt) แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›  แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€”   แ€ธ(แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธ) แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€  แ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธแ€€  แŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€•   แ€™แ€” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ Conveyer rubber belt แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€œแ€‘แ€€  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”

 แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธแ€” แ‚”    แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ‚” แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ‚”      แ€œ   แ€€ แ€–แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€™แ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€™ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€• แ€แ€–แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€•  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š

 แ€… แ€•  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€…แ€€ แ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘แ€Š   แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€…แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ‚แ‚ˆแ€”   แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€   . .แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€.. แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€” แ‚”   แ‹ แ€™แ€žแ€™  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  .. แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธ .. .

 แ€œ แ€™ แ€ฌ . .แ€•แ€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ . .แ€กแ€› แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ   . .แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘แ€œ   แ€€แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€‘ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ . แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ    ..แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

(แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œ . .แ€œแ€€แ€ก แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€€   แ€•แ€ซ..แ€“แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€‘ แ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€“แ€ซแ€ธแ€› แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹)

แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€…แ€€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€…แ€€ แ€€  แ€แ€แ€›แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ . .แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…

แ€กแ€žแ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แŠ แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€” แ€…แ€…แŠ แ€กแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€แ€œ แ€ แ€€   แ€…แ€…แŠ (cooling water line) แ€…แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€…แ€… แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ .. แ€…แ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€œ แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ..แ€•   แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€”.

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€•แ€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ช แ€”แ€‚   แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€™ . .แ€… แ€ แ€• แ€• แ€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€แ€› แ€แŠ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  . . โ€œแ€™โ€ แ€… แ€ แ€™แ‚Šแ€”แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแŠแ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€..แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

  แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€• แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ .. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€..แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€… แ€•แ€ แ€œ    ..แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€’แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€•แ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ.. แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.. แ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€.. แ€žแ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ‹แ€แ€Šแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€€แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•..แ€€   แ€šแ€žแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„ แ€”แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€–    แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€–แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚”แ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€› แ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€žแ€„  แ€กแ€แ€„  แŠ แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€†   แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚   .. แ€€แ€…  แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   .แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€œ . แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€œ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€žแ‚ แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€€แŠ แ€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ.

 แ€€แ€… แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™ แ€แ€แ€แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€Š  แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€—   แ€€แ€†แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แŠแ€กแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€  ..แ€กแ€ปแ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€  . .แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€  . แ€‡แ€šแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€œ    . .แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”  .. แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•

แ€Šแ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ . .แ€Š แ€› แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€…แ€€แ€•   แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   (แ€•   แ€ธแ€ผแ€   แ€… แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ‡แ€แŠ แˆแ€ แ€แ€”  ) .แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€‘แ€• แ€™ .. แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€ž      . .แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   .. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌ . .แ€ž แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ

.แ€แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€š แ€œ แ€„   แƒ แ€•   แ€ธแ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€ฑแ€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€  แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ.

 แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€” แ€ธ .. แ… แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ .แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แ€• .แ€กแ€†   แ€•แ€ซ .แ€•   แ€ธแ€ผแ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€Š แ€‘แ€•แ€ž   

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธแ€.. แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€ซ . ..แ€œแ€Šแ€… แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ( แแ‚ )

 แ€•แ€€แ€† (Pepsi) แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š

  แ€‘   แ€™แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„    .. แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€•  แ€   แ‚”แ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€ . แ€กแ€œ แ€•แŠแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„ แŠ แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแŠแ€™แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹แ€ž     แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ . แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€  แŠ แ€™แพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™แ€ แ€… แ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€žแ€Š  . แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€™แ€”แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”

 แ€… แ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€แ€ แ€”แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š . .แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€€  แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€ซ แ€€  แŠ แ€œแ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€„   

.แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

  แ€ž    แ€ปแ€–แ€…แแŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   . .แพแ€€แพแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„  แŠแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€–แŠ แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ

 แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ โ€œแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€™แ€   แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€›แ€”แ€ž  แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ€›แ€ฌ แ€‚แ€› แ€…   แ€€แ€žแŠ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„  แ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ

 โ€œแ€™ แ€™ แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š  แ€šแ€แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€  ..แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€›แŠ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ (แ€šแ€ฌแ€š แ€แ€แ€) แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€

แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€€  .. แ€กแ€‘แ€   แ€€  แ€™แ€ แ€œ  แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€š แ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ  แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  .แ€แ€แ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€

 แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€กแ€ปแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•  . . แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซโ€ แ€Ÿ . แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€   

แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ .. แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ . .แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€”แ‚”    แ€ฑแ€แ€”แ‚•แ€Š แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€›แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€€แ€… แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”    แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€• แ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€

.แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ. แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€” แ€ธ . แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€œแ€€ แ€šแ€•แŠ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ‹ แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

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 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ..แ€™แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ .. แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ ..

 แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ แ€€ . . แ€€แ€…  แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€  ..แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€ . .แ€€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€ฌ (Coke) แ€  

แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”   แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ž แ€€ . .แ€•แ€€แ€† (Pepsi) แ€ . .แ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€   แŠแ€•   แ‚” แ€€แ€† แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€แ€” แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฑ  แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€„ แ€แ€ฌ (Food court/Canteen) แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚•แ€—แ€ฌแ‹

 แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    . .แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€…แฅ  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ..แ€˜แ€š แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™แ€œ

 แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€ แ‚” แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ .. (แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€‚แ€€ แ€ปแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ) แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€”  แ€„ แพแ€€

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€”แ€”  แ€„ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€•แ€™   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚”  ..แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Šแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€„ แฟแ€•แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€•  แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€‘แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€•แ€†  .. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š  แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•.

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€.. แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€• แ€–แ€€ แ€œแ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€™แ€€ แ€… แ€แ€–แ€€ แ€™   แ€ แ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€แ€• แ€แ€Š แ€แ€Š . .แ€€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€–แ€€ แ€€  ...แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚•แ‹

  โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  . .แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€แ€ซ . .แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€œ     แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€”  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ

.แ€ก แ€แ€ฌแ€•..แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ.. แ€ผแ€€แ‚   แ€•  แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแŠแ€†แ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ฑแ€แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ ..(straw) แ€•   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€‘แ€Š   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€œแ€• แ€…แ€แ€…แ€ก แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ‚ แ€ก แ€แ€”   

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€š  แ€•   แ‚” แ€    แ€•   แ‚” แ€€แ€† แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแŠ..แ€’แ€ซแ€€ . . แ€•แ€€ แ€•แ€†  (Pepsi) แ€’แ€ซแ€€ . .แ€€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€ฌ (Coke) แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ.

แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€ก แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ . . แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ แ€€   . . .แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€š.. แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ แ€€ . . แ€€แ€…  แ€™ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ .แ€€  ..แ€แ€š แ€แ€š

. .แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€–    แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€ . .แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•   แ€ธแ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€› แ€ธ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€ฑแ€ปแ‚แต แ€™แ€†แ€Šแ€”  แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ‚แ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแŠแ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€€  ..แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ แ€” แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€€ แ€ž  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€   แ€€   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•..แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€… แ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•  แ€† แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  โ€œแ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ      แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ..แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ‚   แ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€œ    แŠ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€„  

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€”แ‚”   แ€™แ€†  แ€„ แ€   แ€€ แ€…แฅแŠ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€    แ€แ€ธแ‚   แ€™ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌ..แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€› แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ . แ€แ€™แ€„แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€ แ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฌ.

แ€„แ€ซแ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™..แ€˜แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ..แ€’ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€   แ€ผแ€€..แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ‚Š แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€กแพแ€€แ€” แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซ .. แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„

แ‚ แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€‘แŠ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚Šแ€” แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚   แ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ . .แ€„แ€ซแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–    แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ผแ€€.โ€.

  โ€œแ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  . .. แ€แ€šแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€    .. แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€€  ..แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ . .แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€„  แŠ แ‚ แ€…แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”    . แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š   แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€    แ€ผแ€‘   แ€€แ€”..แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘

 แ€‘แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ . .แ€ก..แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ..แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€•แ€›แ€›แŠ แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€” แ‚”   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ผแ€€..โ€

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€•แ€žแ€Š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€• .. แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    . .แ€ก   แ€ฉแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€œ  ..แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€„  .

 แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ แ€€   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€ฌ .. แ€•แ€€แ€† (Pepsi) แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€€   แ€•   แ€€ แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€… แ€• แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ซ.

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 แ€แ€แ€€ แ€แ€แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€•แ€€แ€†  (Pepsi) แ แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  

แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€ฌ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„ ..แ€ฑแ€ก  แ€€แ€” แ‚”  .

 แ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ŠแŠ

  แ€ช . .แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š . . แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š..แŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ.. .. . แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  ..แ€•   แ‚”แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€€   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ ..

 แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„  .. แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€ซ..แ€€ .แ€ž แ€€ แ€แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€•แ€กแ€”  แ€„แ€›แฟแ€• แ€Ÿ แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€€แ€†  (Pepsi) แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€” แ€žแ€Š แ€€  ..

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ€   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ . . แ€ก แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€แ€..แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ‹

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

(แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€•  แ‹ แ‹

 แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  ..แ‚   แ€™ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ..แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซ..

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    .แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€… แ€…แ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€”  แ€„แ€„แŠ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ŠแŠ แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š   แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€†   . .แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€†   แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแŠ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€… แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€กแ€€แ€„   แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€žแ€Š..แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€™แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€”  แ€„ แ€€แ€„  แ€žแ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€žแ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€€   แ€™แ€ผแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€žแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹โ€)

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แ€   แ‚”แ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• . . แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  (---) แ€€ แ€™แธ แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„..แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ E.P (Employment Pass) แ€›แ€€แ€ฌ . .แ€…แ€€แค แ€ฌแ€• แ€ผแ€แ€„. .แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแพแ€€แŠ แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แŠแ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€„  แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   . .แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€   แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”  แ€„แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ผแ€€ แ‚   แ€• แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š  แŠ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ผแ€แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€”  แ€„แ€„แ€ž    แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ..แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ

 แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€…แŠ แ€œแ€„แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แŠ แ€™ แ€™ แ€   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€Šแ€”  แ€„แ€žแ€™ แŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€› แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™แ€Š ..

แ€กแ€แ€แ€”  แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€  แ€•    แ€„ แ€•  แ€„แ€”  แ€„แ€”  แ€„ แ€แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

Eureka

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uRefrwdk Y t&yfrSm

'DvdkyJ&Sdw,f

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ(แ)

  แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€” แ„ แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แแ… แ€™แ€”แ€…แ€กแ€œ  แ€ž   แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€กแ€€แซแ‚Š แ€” แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€œ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€   แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€žแ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„โ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€  แ€’แ€ แ€€   แ€™แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆโ€ 

 แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ‚ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š   แ€™แ€  แ€„ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€โ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€›แ€„โ€ฆ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•โ€ฆ แ€แ€โ€ แ€—แ‚  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€‘ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€†แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€• แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€   แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ‚ แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€„   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€žแ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธ แแˆแ€ แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€กแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€€ แ€… แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  Durbar แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€›  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€   แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„  แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€‘,แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€œ

 แ€™แ€žแ‚  แ€„ แ€Ÿ  แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š  แ€žแ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€   แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€   แ€€

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€€    แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€

 โ€œแ€ž แ€• แ€ แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•โ€ฆโ€แ€Ÿ แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ(แ‚)

  โ€œแ€กแ€Ÿแ€™ แ€ธ..โ€ 

แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€… แ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ แ€€แ€‘ แ€™ แ€กแ€Ÿแ€™ แ€ธแ€†  แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ž แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€โ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€’ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ‚” Durbar แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€›   แ€œ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€แ€ซแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€•  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ/แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€€   แ€š   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”  แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€„   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€œ  แ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ

 แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆโ€ 

  แ€’  โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆโ€ แ€†  แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Š   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”  แ€€   แ€šแ€ž แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€€   แ€š   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”  แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”  แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€š แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€œ  แ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•โ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ  

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€•  แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€šแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€แ€šโ€ฆ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†  แ€  แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ก  แ€  แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€œแ‚Š   แ€ฑแ€™แ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€•โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€•  แ€€   แ€š   แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€’แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€•โ€ฆ แ€กโ€ฆ โ€ 

  แ€œแ€…แ€ฅ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ    แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

 แ‚€แ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กโ€ฆ แ€†  แ€žแ€Š   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€† แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€€

แ€† แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€แ‚•แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€† แ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€šโ€ฆ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€’ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„  แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€€  แ‚   แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€€    แ€ แ€ แ€€แ€€

 แ€œ   แ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€š แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

Page 119: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 119/199volume 8   119

  แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€กแ€€แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€€ แ€…แ€•แ€… แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€Š แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€€โ€ฆ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€   แ‚”  แ€’แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•โ€ฆโ€ 

  แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘  แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€˜แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฆแ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€‘แ€›แ€• แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ(แƒ)

 

 โ€œแ€กแ€Ÿแ€™ แ€ธ..โ€ 

  แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€กแ€Ÿแ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€• แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€‘แ€ผแ€แ€„  โ€œแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€œ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ    แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€Ÿแ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆโ€แ€Ÿ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ธ แ€Ÿ แ€ธ..โ€ แ€Ÿ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€’แ€›แ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€•   แ€€ แ‚  แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€™ แ€ธแ€€

 แ€™แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€Šแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€Šแ‚‡ แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ก แ€• แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ฆ

แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆโ€

  โ€œแ€กแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€’ แ€€แกโ€ฆ แ€กแ€™  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€™  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธโ€ฆ

 แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ‚  แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€   แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„  แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ. แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€แ€… แ€†แ€„  

 แ€‘แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฑแ€’แšแ€แ€„แ€ฆแ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€›แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ก แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแแ€กแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ž แ‚”แ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„  โ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€กแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ฆ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€‘ แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€แ€•

 แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ฆโ€ แ€™แ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€Š แ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€Šแ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€กแ€„ แ€ธโ€ฆโ€ แ€žแ€›แ€Š  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€ฑแ€–แ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€‘แ€„  แ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‹ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€™

แ€’ แ€œ  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€œ แ€„   แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€žแ€„  แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿแ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š    แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿ  แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€

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แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€  แ€žแ‚  แ€™แ€ แ€แ€•แ€›แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ โ€œแ€ฑแ€’แšแ€žแ‚โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ.. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€œโ€ฆโ€แ€Ÿ

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•   แ‚” แพแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แพแ€€แ€   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€€    แ€’ แ€œ   แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆ แ€กแ€แ€†  แ€›แ€„

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€… แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•  (แ„)แ€… แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š.. แ€ž แ€• แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ (แ)แ€… แ€ธ แ€›แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€•   แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€แ€ซแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€กแ€•แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€/แ€•   แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€† แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€€ แ€‘แ€Š  แ€†   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

  โ€œแ€กแ€Ÿแ€™ แ€ธ.. แ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€•แ€ซแ€•โ€ฆ แ€’ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€

แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€แšแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

  โ€œแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„..โ€ แ€™แ€   แ€™แ€›แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€œแ€Š  แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„(แƒ)แ€™

แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€™โ€ฆโ€ 

  โ€œแ€’ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€žแ‚€แ€€แคแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€”แ€กแ€™   แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š โ€ฆ แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€” แ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ แ€”แŠ แ‚   แ€ธแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€’ แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€–  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€•   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€แ‚•แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€š แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซโ€ฆโ€ 

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€   แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€กแ€’ แ€€ แ€…แฅ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€•แ€„ /แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€…แ€› แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ

 แ€… แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€† แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„    แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€…แ€› แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™ แ€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€€แ€™แ€œ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿ  แ€›แ€„ แ€™,แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘  แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€” แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œ

แ€›แ€žแ€Š   แ€œแ€…แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ /แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–แ‚•แ€™

 แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€š แ€™แ€Šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€•แฟแ€•แ‹

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  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€„ แ€‚แ€„ แ€” แ€šแ€ฌแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ‹

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฆแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€•  แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€  

แ€„   แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€Š   แ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€€   แ€•แ€„  ,แ€•แ€„   แ€แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€€   แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‹

  โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€  โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ 

  โ€œแ€’ แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€† แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€šโ€ฆ

แ€’แ€‡แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆโ€ 

  โ€œแ€ก  แ€ฑแ€€โ€ฆ แ€›,แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€€  แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘ แ€แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ แ€š แ€   แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€œโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซโ€ 

  แ€กแ€‚แคแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ก แ€™ แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Š แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€„โ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ.. แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซ แ€ก แ€™แ€แ€” แ€ธ

แ€›แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

  โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€›แ€   แ€œแ€ แ€ก แ€™ แ€œแ€แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œโ€ฆ

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ก แ€™ แ€šแ€ฌแ€… แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€” แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€… แ€…แ€… แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€’ แ€œแ€€แ€”

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€†แ€›แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆโ€

แ€ฑแ€แ€ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€œแ€†  แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Š

 แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ แ€แ€–แ€ แ€–แ€แ€กแ€ž แ€€   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ(แ„)

  โ€œแ€Ÿ  .. แ€žแ‚โ€ฆ แ€žแ‚..โ€ 

  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แšแ€žแ€ž  แ€ž   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธโ€ฆ แ€žแ‚แ€›แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆ

แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€œ แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€”แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” Durbar แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šโ€ฆโ€ 

  โ€œแ€Ÿแ€„โ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€Ÿ แ€Ÿโ€ 

  โ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ.. แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€€

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แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€ แ€‘โ€ฆโ€ 

 

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€€    แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€ แ€‘แ€€ Durbar แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€™   แ€… แ€™   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€… แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ‹ โ€œแ€ชโ€ฆ Durbar แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ  แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€• แ€€  แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€” 

 แ€แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€โ€ฆ

  โ€œแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ.. แ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„โ€ฆ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€   แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธโ€ฆ

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†แ€€แ€„   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„โ€ฆโ€ 

ยฉ ยฉ ยฉ

thanthannaing

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 แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€…แ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ‚•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€Š

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„แ€ แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€™   แ‚”  แ€œแ€žแ€žแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ แ€แ€† แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€Šแ€ฅ  แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ    แ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€…แ€ž แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€…แ€€ แ€   แ‚”แ แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€’แ€ แ€€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„  แ€‚แ€ฌแ€€แ€„แ€กแ€€แ‚Œ  แ€‡แ€… แ€€    แ€กแ€ž แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€†  แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ‚Œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€   แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€Š แ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฅแ€แ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€…แ€€  แ€…   แ€ผแ€… แ€ แ€ผแ€… แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€Šแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€˜แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–  แ€• แ€• แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€แ€…แ€ก แ€•แ‚แ€„   แ€ก แ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‡ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€’แ€Š แ€กแ€–   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€™แ€„แ€šแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€”แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€• แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚ แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€€    แ€… แ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€•แ€… แ€™ แ€แ แ€กแ€œแ€…แ€กแ€„   แ€€ แ€€  

 แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€„ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€ แ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€š  แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌโ€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€ผแ€ แ€ แ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ผแ€› แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™    แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€  

แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€žแ€žแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€Š   แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€†   แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€€  

แ€แ€ธแ€–   แ€–แ€€แ€† แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž . . แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ‹

X X X

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  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€€ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€žแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€ก แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€” แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ . . แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ แ€„  แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€ž แ€€   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ก แ€™ แ€‘ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€’แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€œ  แ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€” แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€›แ€› แ€€    แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€‘แฟแ€• แ€ธ แฟแ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€กแ€œแ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ž แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€ แ€ธแ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€˜แ€› แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€” แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚” แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธ แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„    แ€•  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ‚ แ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€–แ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ…แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ   แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€™   แ‚”  แ€ž   แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€™ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€–แ€กแ€›แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€žแ€œ   แ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€’ แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ž แ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€ธแ€›แ€   แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€– แ€ธแ€  แ‹

 แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€œ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€š . . แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€œ . . .

แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€€   แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€€ แ€” แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€› แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€žแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ . . .

  โ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€โ€ 

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€™แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€›แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€… แ€ž แ€™แ€› แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™ แ€”แ€‚  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€   แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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X X X

  แ€•แ€„  แ€žแ€€  แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•

 แ€•แ€… แ€™ แ€ แ€€   แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€ แ€… แ€ธแ€… แ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ€แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€› แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ    แ€แ€… แ€…แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€… แ€ แฟแ€– แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€œ    แ€… แ€…แ€Šแ€€แ€Šแ€€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€„   แ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€žแŠ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€€    แ€–แ€€แ€† แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€ž แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ‚  แ€„แ‹

  แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€… แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€Š แ€€   แ€ž แ€žแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ก แ€€   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€žแ€Š แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ž แ€™   แ‚”  แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

แ€žแ€แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€  แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€’แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€›  แ‹

แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ แ€” แ€€   แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€€ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™โ€

 โ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€š . . แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€แ€š แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธโ€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€–แ€– แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ž แ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€™แ€€   แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธ แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€– แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€…  แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€› แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ‚”แ€† แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€™แ€š แ€†   แ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ แ€แ€œแ€” 

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€ก   แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€€   แ€€  แ€›แ€šโ€ 

  โ€œแ€กแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ แ€… แ€ธแ€… แ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แ€…   แ€€

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹  แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€„  แ€แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„  แ€แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 

 โ€œแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ . . .โ€ 

  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€–แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€›แ€š . . โ€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€กแ€ž แ€€ แ€†   แ‚”แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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  แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€š แ€   . . .

  แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€  แ€›แ€žแ€Š   แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ . .

แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ‹

  แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„ แ‹

  แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€• แ€แ€…แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ แ€แ€† แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€˜แ€šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€”แ€‚  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€”แ€„  แ€”แ€„  แ€”แ€” แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€€แ€”แฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€”แ€” แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€Šแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹

  แ€• แ‚•แ€ผแ€œแ€„  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€… แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€€   แ€œแ€… แ€œแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€œ   แ€™   แ€œ   แ€™   แ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€… แ€ แ€€   แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€› ..

 แ€… แ€ แ€€   แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ . . . โ€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€šแ€ž แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ แ‚” แ€   แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€” แ€€แ€„   แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€„

 แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€…แ€€    แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

 แ€ผแ€• แ€แ€žแ€•แ€แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€แ€† แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€• แ€‘ แ€• แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ แ€กแ€† แ€šแ€… แ€แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€Š แ€€    แ€แ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™

แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ แ€„  แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€›แ‚• แ€ผแ€›  แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ‹

  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€… แ€ธแ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€–แ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€… แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€€   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€กแ€™แ€กแ€› แ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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  แ€–แ€แ€แ€”แ€ฑ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€–  แ€„   แ€–  แ€„   แ€€   แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€”แ แ€•แ€… แ€‘แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€’  แ€„ แ€ธโ€ 

  แ€กแ€†แ€™แ€แ€” แ€แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™   แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„ แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€กแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘ แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œ แ€…แ€แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€€   แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ แ€œ   แ€™   แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€€แ€š แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€  แ€‘แ€• แ€•แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€’  แ€„ แ€ธโ€

แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€›  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ‚   แ‚” แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚” แ€•   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€‘แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€ž แ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€• แ€‘แ€› แ€€  

 แ€‘แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€€ แ€•   แ€€แ€šแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  โ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ. . . โ€ 

แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ž แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€   แ€ธแ€•แ€…แ€›แ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€†แ€ž   

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แš แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 

 แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€† แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ แ€”แ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‚ แ€” แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€กแ€ž แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€… แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€  แ€œแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€€แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š    แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€”  แ€กแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€”

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€‘แ€žแ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ฑ แ€œแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€™ แ€ธแ€–  แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€–แ€แ€แ€” แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 โ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€š . . . แ€Šแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌโ€

 โ€œแ€€   แ€€   . . แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€Ÿแ€„. . . โ€ 

  แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Šแ‚•แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ . . .

 โ€œแ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ . . แ€€   แ€€   แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ โ€ 

  โ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„. . แ€€   แ€€   . . . แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€„  แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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  โ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€š . . . โ€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ‹

 โ€œแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ . . แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ . . แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„  . . แ€€   แ€€   แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€   แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€

 แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ .. .โ€ 

  โ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€š  . . . แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€€ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™

แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š . . แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€† แ€€ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€‘แ€• แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š . . . แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   . . . โ€ 

  โ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€   แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™ . . แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ . . . โ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€   แ€• แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ž แ‚”แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€•แ‚•แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ โ€œแ€œแ€ฌ . . แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ . . แ€ก แ€• แพแ€€แ€…   แ‚” . . . แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€€   แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€–แ€–

 แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌ . . โ€   โ€œแ€€   แ€€    . . แ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€†  แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ  . . แ€€   แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ 

  โ€œแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€› . . แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ . . โ€ 

  แ€™ แ€ธแ€–  แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€œ แ€ แ€€   แ€• แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

x x x แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€• x x x

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 แ€š   แ€ผแ€œแ€šแ€žแแ€›แ€œแ€’

(แ€ž   แ‚”)

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„"

  แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€”แ‚ˆ แ€ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘  แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€   

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  ..... แ€ช แ€กแ€แ€†   แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌ (แƒ)แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„" แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ฑแ€€แ€•แ€ซ...

  แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€› แ€• แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€ž แ‚” แ€•   แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™

แ€ แ€‘ แ€ป แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€œ    แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€€

แ€แ€… แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€’ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€˜แ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚•...แ‹

  แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„" แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ (แƒ)แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€– แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€˜ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€Šแ€ก   แ€•แ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€   แ€˜แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€™ แ€™แ€€   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€แ€ แ€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€แ€… แ€•   แ€€ แ€ผแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€แ€… แ€žแ€žแ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€™  แ€ž แ‚” แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€•  แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€›แ‚•แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   

แ€ž  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€˜แ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€    แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€    แ€ž  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ 

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€™แ‚ แ€ธแ€Š   แ€™แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ‚”แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

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  แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€   แ€‘แ€• แ€™แ‚   แ€• แ€…แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ  แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€…แ€ฅ

แ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›   แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€   แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€Š   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…,แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แฟแ€• แ€œ  แ‚• แ€‘แ€„แ€   แ€  

 แ€Ÿ  แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธ แ€ แ€กแ€žแ€… แ€แ€–แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€™   แ€œ  แ‚• แ€˜แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€™แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€•แ€Ÿแ€‹แ€†แ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€กแ€›แ€„  แ€ผแ€  แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€    แ€ž แ€€

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„"แ€”แ‚”  แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€  

 แฟแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€  แ‹ แ€’แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„" แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

แ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€žแ€š แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„" แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€   แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธ...

  แ€กแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”  แ€ก แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌ แ€    แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€  แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  "แ€† แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซแ€€ "แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€„แ€ซ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแ€  " แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

  "แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€    แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€›แ€„  แ€ž แ‚” แฟแ€•แ€„ แ€–แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ‚‡  แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธ แ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ, แ€›แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€™แ€œ   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€  "แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€

แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ก   แ€ฉแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€’ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€€แ€ แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›

 แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„   แ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€   "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚”"แ€† แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€(แ‚)แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„  แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€€  แ€œ   แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€  แ€› แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€แ€›แ€  

แ€›แ€œแ€’ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€’แ€ซแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€š แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€กแ€†   แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€™   แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€€     แ€š  แ€˜แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…,แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€šแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€กแ€›แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚  แ€„แ€ แ€™แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€ผแ€› แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€š "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ž แ€• แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•"แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  "แ€กแพแ€€แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ

  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€žแ€ฌ

  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแแ‹

  แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€…  

  แ€กแ€›แ€„  ,แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€

  แ€’ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ

  แ€กแ€˜แ€šแ€˜แ€

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  แ€แ€‹แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

  แ€กแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”,แ€™แ€ž

  แ€กแ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€œ  

แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€•แ€›แ€”แ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€กแ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‹ "

  แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€™  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€™แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€•  ,แ€•  แ€แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜

แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ,แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€™ แ€   แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€•   แ€œ   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€™แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€’ แ€•แ€œ   แ€™แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”

แ€ฑแ€™แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€…แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€”แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€แ€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  " แ€€    แ€แ€… แ€แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€… แ€  แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€” แฟแ€™แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„,แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€    แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€šแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€  

 แ€€   แ€š แ€แ€”แ€›แ€   แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ€™แ€›   แ€   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€žแ€    แ€›  แ€›    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€™  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ผแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€‘แ€• แ€แ€”แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ‹

  แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€… แ€   แ€™ แ€    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€™  แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€”  แ‚ˆแ€„ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€‘ แ€‘แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€™  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ‚•แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ซ แ€•แ€€ แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ    แ€แ€แ‚•แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€แ€œ   แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€›   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€žแ€™  แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™ แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€•   แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€แ€… แ€•แ€’ แ€œ   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

Base On True Story!!!

  แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

  แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€›แ€–

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แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€‚   แ€ธ

 แ€ผแ€ แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ž

 แ€ปแ€™แ€แ‚   แ€ธแ€›แ€ž

แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€”แ‚”

 แ€ผแ€€   แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€›แ‚• แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€

แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

 

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  แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ (แ)

  แ€” แ€‚   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€›   แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€”แ‚”แ€ž

แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€  แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚   แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ แ€  แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ‚   แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€  แ€žแ€œ    แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€˜แ€แ€€  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€แ€†แ€” แ€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

 โ€œแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„โ€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€  โ€œแ€—แ€ฌโ€ แ€†   แ€    แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•..

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™โ€ฆโ€ฆ. แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•  แ€กแ€…แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€œแ€” แ‚”แ‚   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€   แ€  

 แ€™แ€€ แ€  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€แ€›แ‚•แ€›แ€žแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€

แ€žโ€ฆ แ€žแ‚•แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€   แ‚”  แ€Šแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€   แ€    Diary แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€•แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€    Example แ€›แ‚•

 แ€™แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€†  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€žแ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€ 

CELINE DION แ€›แ‚• MY HEART WILL GO ON แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€€ แ€   Pink แ€›แ‚• Donโ€™t

Leave Me แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€žแ€€แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€œแ€€ แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ž แ€€ แ€™แ€›   แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€œ  แ€กแ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€™แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€    แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€   แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€   แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€   แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€ž แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€ž แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€   แ‚” แ€€ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..???แ‹ แ€ž แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แฟแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€   แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€™แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€   แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ž แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€œแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Šแ€Š แŠ แ€กแ€›แ€• แ€›แ€Šแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€ž แ€•   แ€….. แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€žแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„

แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€ธแ€Š   แ€  แ€กแ€› แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€แ€š  (แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ž แ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€™แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€š แ€แ€ แ€

 แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซ)แ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€‘ แ€แ€‘แ€›แ€š แ€แ€ แ€    แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€แ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„  แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™  แ€žแ‚•แ€€    แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ แ€†   แ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ž แ€ แ€แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€กแฟแ€™ แ€•แ‹ แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ

แ€†   แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€†  แ‚•แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€•แ‹ แ€   แ‚”แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แšแ€   แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€   แ‚” แ€ป แ€™แ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ‚   แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€” 

 แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€แ€œ   แ€ธแ€•  แ€กแ€•แ€แ€›แ€ แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แŠ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€†  แ€„ แ€   แ€œแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€˜แ€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€    แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€แ€€แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ‹ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€   แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€š   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€

 แ€   แ‚”แ€”แ‚”แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€” แ‚”  แ€   แ‚”  แ€†  แ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€œ  แ€กแ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€›แ‚• แ€€ แ€…แ€š แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€

Page 134: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 134/199volume 8   134

 แ€…แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€™  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แƒแ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ธแ€    แฟแ€™แ‚•แ‚ แ€… แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€œแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€†   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€

 แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€   แ€    แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ

 แพแ€€แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ผแ€ แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„.. แ€ปแ€™แ€แ‚   แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ผแ€  แ€›แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ‚•แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ (แ‚)

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€†  แ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ‚ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ  แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แพแ€€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚”  แ€†  แ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌ virtual world แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    Online แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€œแ€• แ€  แ€”แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€œ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแฟแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€…แพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€ แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€…แ€• แพแ€€แ€    Online แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€ฌแŠ Forum แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€†  แ€   แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€   แ‚” Forum Chat room แ€‘แ€™แ€แ€„แ€  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€   

แ€†   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แพแ€€แ€™แ€š    Nick Name แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€†   แ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ    แ‚€แ€€แ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€†  แ€   แพแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€    แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€    แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ  แ‚•แ€ แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€

 แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€   แ‚” แ€•  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€€  

แ‚   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€”แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ž แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€กแ€แ€…

แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€€    แ€   แ‚”  แ‚   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€”แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€™แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€›แ‚•แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ‚”แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  

แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€”แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€   แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€ฌแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑ  แ€แšแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€Šแ€™แ€ก แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€Šแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€€    แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€†แ€€แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€”

 โ€œแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€แ€Š   แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜แ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌโ€ แ€œ  แ‚• แ€œแ€ฌแ€† แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€ž แ€€    แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€” 

แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€›  แ€˜แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ผแ€†  แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€แ€… แ€‡แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€  แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€”

 แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

  แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ž  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€‘แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€€ แ€   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€แ€„ แ€ผแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™  

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€•แ€Š  แ€Š   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€

แ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ‚” แ€กแ€’แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€€    แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€ฌแ€  แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€• แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚” แ€   แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€™แ€†  แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€กแ€žแ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€

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แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€    แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  

 แ€•  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ (แƒ)

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€•  แ€†   แ€  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€›แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€›แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€    แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€šแ‹ แ€– แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ž แ€• แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€– แ€ธแ€  แ€€แ‚แตแ€›  แ€€แ‚แตแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ‚ แ€•  แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€–แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€›แ€›

 แ€แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€ผแ€   แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€ แ€  แ€กแ€ž แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€„  แ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€   แ‚” แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€   แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ‚” แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€™แ€œแ‹

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€™แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€  

 แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€–แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€  แ€›แ€„

  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€€ แ€…แ€†  แ€›แ€„

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€แ€… แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€™ แ€™แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€… แ€”แ‚” แ€˜แ€ แ€‘แ€• แ€ แ€™แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”

  แ€แ€ แ€แ€ แ€†   แ€   แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€ž แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ แ€˜แ€แ€€

  แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

  แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€žแ€  แ€›แ€„โ€ฆโ€ฆ..

 แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€˜แ€แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€   แ‚”  แ€†   แ€  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€˜แ€แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€   แ€กแ€… แ€แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€”แ‚• แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€† แ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€š   แ€œ แ€•แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‹

แ€” แ€€   แ€ธแ€œ

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tok b&Sif&J .qE    N

  แ€žแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„  แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ‹ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€› แ€• แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€Š แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€” แ€€ แ€ แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹แ€€แ€„แ€†แ€ฌแ€Ÿ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š.. แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€žแ€Š    แ€˜แ€แ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€€  แ€€แ€„แ€†แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€•แ€แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€—แ€’ แ€š  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€แ€œ    แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€™

 แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แšแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€แ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€œแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€œแ€•  แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š.. แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‘   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€”  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌ

แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€ แ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€œแ€”แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ž   แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ

 แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€”แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€    แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š  แ€Ÿแ€žแ€แ€แ‹ แ€ž  แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€กแ€™แ€Š

แ€ แ€‘ แ€™แ€žแ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€™  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€šแ€ฅ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€œแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ž   แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€แ€” แ€„  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€• แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ‹ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚‹ แ€„ แ€ธแ€•   แ‚” แ€–   แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แพแ€€แ€€แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€„   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€ผแ€  แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€€ แ€Ÿ  แ€‘แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€แ‚‹ แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€ แ€•   แ‚”แ€›แ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€žแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ผแ€› แ€€  แ€žแ€แ‚‹ แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€—แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€žแ€„ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€ž   แ‚”  แ€กแ€• แ€™แ€Šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€Ÿ  แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€€  แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€•  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€”

 แ€šแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ก แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ‚ˆ แ€• แพแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แพแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€žแ€žแ€Š  แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€šแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ‚  แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€€   แ€ธแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€• แ€œแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š  แ€žแ แ€š  แ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž   

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€™แ€€แ‚ แ€ฌแ€–   แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€•แ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š    แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€šแ€žแ€žแ€Š  แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€†   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแฟแ€• แ€Ÿ  แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™  แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€– แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€œแ‹

แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€€แ€€ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€… แ€แ€… แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€ก แ€™

 แ€– แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€š แ€™แ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแฟแ€ แ€– แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€›แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€–แ‚   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€– แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€„

 แ€œแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„   แ€™แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€„แ€ก แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€’ แ€œ  แ‚แ€„   แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€œแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€ แ€™ แ€•แ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€Š    แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€กแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ‚   แ€€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€—แ€’ แ€š   แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€†แ€„  แ‚แ€„   แ€€ แ€™แ€™แ€žแ€Š   แ€•แ€” แ€ธ แ€   แ€ธแ€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€•   แ€™  แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™  แ€ž แ‚” แ€•   แ€€    แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ‚   แ€€ แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€†แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€› แ€•   แ€€  แ‚   แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ž  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€™   แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•   แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚   แ€€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€› แ€–แ€”แ€›แ€แ€ซ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€•  แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€€แ€แ€•  แŠ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ž แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€•  แŠ แ€’ แ€œ  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ‚   แ€€ แ€œ แ€„  แ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€›แ‚ˆ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š   แ€•   แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€• แ€ แ€™ แ€•   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚   แ€€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€•   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ‚   แ€€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹

แ€„   แพแ€€แ€š   แพแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ผแ€† แพแ€€แ€œแ‚Š   แพแ€€แ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ‚ แ€• แ€•แ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€€   แ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแฝแ€

 แ€‘แ€™ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€‘แ€„แ‹ แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€€ แ‚ แ€• แ€•แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€›   .. แ€›แ€„แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•   แ€‘

แ‚ แ€• แ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ก   แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

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 แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€†แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€‚แ‚‹แ€œ แ€…แ€€แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€„   แ€š  แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€™แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€Šแ‹

 แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€˜แ€šแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™  แ‹ แ€žแ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแฟแ€‚แ‚‹แ€œ แ€…แ€€แ€ž   แ‚” แ€•  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ‚   แ€€แ€›แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€™แ€œ แ€ž แ€… แ€™แ€   แ€–   แ‚”แ€žแ€„  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚   แ‚” แ€™   แ‚” แ€ž แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€Š

แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€œ  แ€ž แ€™  แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€…แ‹ แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•   แ€‘ แ€•แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€“แ€ซแ€  แ€•  แ‚   แ€€แ€  แ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘   แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ‚”แ€žแ€Š  แ€ž แ€Ÿ แ€แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•   แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€’แ€ซ

แ€žแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ€ž แ€€ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ‹

 

แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€‘   แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€€แ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€ แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚” แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€œ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€œ

 แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€– แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€Š แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘   แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•   แ€กแ€š แ€œแ€˜แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€™ แ€œ แ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€–   

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€€แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–   แ‚”  แ€‘แ€• แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€€  แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€€แ€กแ€†แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ

แ€กแ€–   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†แ‚แตแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Š  แ€ž แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€žแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ‚   แ€€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

(แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ž  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€žแ€ฌ) แ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ‹

  แ€‘  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€†   แ€œ แ€„   แ€Ÿ  แ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ธแ€‘ แ€• แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€œ  แ€„ แ€…แ€„ แ€•  แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€†  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ€†แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ‚   แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€„ แ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„    แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€ผแ€• แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ‚   แ€€แ€›แ€Ÿ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€„ แ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€‘   แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€œแ€Šแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€•   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€˜แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€ผแ€œแ‹

  แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•   แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€– แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€œ แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€–แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€žแ€Š แ€‘  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™  แ€… แ€แ€’   แ€ธแ€’   แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€– แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›แ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€™แ€Š   แ€œ แ€™แ€›   แ€œแ‹

  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€œ แ€„

 แ€“แ€ซแ€ แ€•  แ‚   แ€€  แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ก   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ก   แ€™ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€”แ€œแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„

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แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ‚ แ€ธแ€‘แ€žแ€œ แ€Ÿแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ แ€„  แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ž  แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ โ€œแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€† แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€’ แ€†แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š.. แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€›แ€™ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€• แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€šโ€แ€Ÿ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฆแ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹

  แ€แ€•แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€€ แ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€‘แ€™  แ€แ€” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€žแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ž   แ‚”  แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€

แ€žแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€Šแ‹

 

แแ…-แแ-แ‚แ€แแ‚ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€Š แ€†แ€š   แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š..

Nay Dune

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cspfolrodcJ haomt&l;wpfa,mufta}umif;

  "แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€"

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿ... แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€ž แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„  แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€†   แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€  "

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ ... แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แŠ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” Date แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ Ever Ready แ€•"

"แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€”แ€„  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€†   แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ .. แ€Ÿ"

แ€ž แ€™แ€€   แ€™แ€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€€   แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€€ แ€”แ€† แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€šแ€›แŠ แ€แ€แ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€   แ‚” แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€† แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ก แ€• แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€แ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€ผแ€  แ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€œแ€… แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š   แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€    แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„ แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

 แ€™ แ€ แ€€แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ‚  แ‚ˆแ‚•แ‚  แ‚ˆแ‚•แ€‘  แ€„แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

"แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แŠ แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€›แ€€    แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€š"แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™

แ€—แ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€• แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€  แ€žแ‹

แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€™  แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€€  (แ‚แ‚)แ‚ แ€…แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€… แ€แ€€แŠ แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€†แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€… แ€แ€€แ€”

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€›แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚ แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š  แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€›แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€…  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€…  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€€   แ€š แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€• แ€แ€Šแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€†แ‹

**********

  "แ€Ÿ .. แ€Ÿ .. แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€   แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธ"

  "แ€Ÿแ€ฌ... แ€„แ€ซแ€›แ‚• แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ... "

  "แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ แ€˜แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€"

  "แ€Ÿ .... แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€”แ‚”แŠ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€› แ€ฌแ€Ÿ"

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€ก แ€™แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†แ€Š แ€ผแ€• แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ‚   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ‹

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€ผแ€•   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€Š แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€™แ€ก แ€•แ€˜  แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€–   

 แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ป แ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€แ€ผแ€œ  แ€œ   

 แ€€แ€”แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ก   แ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„  แ€•   แ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€  แ€„ แ€• แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€€แ€”   แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œแ€€แ‚แ€„    แ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ก แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ

แ€ž แ€™แ€ก แ€™ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€˜แ€š แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€€    แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€•แ€„  แ€™แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ‹ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€• แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

 แ€‚ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”แ‚แ€„   แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€’แ€šแ€แ€žแ€Š แ‚แ€„    แ€แ€… แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แฟแ€•แ€€ แ€€แ€”  แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€แ‚  แ€„แ‚   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€แ€… แ€œ แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€œ แ€แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š   แ€€   แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ‚แ€„  

 แ€€ แ€แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ.... แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ.. แ‚   แ€• แ€…แ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€™   แ‚” แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€™ แ€" แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€

 แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ แ€แ€† แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€• แ€™ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€  แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  

 แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€žแ€แ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ

"แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€› แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€„แ€ซ ... แ€ก แ€œ   ..แ€ก แ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซ..." แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š   แ€€  

แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€–แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

" แ€”แ€„ แ€™แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   ... แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   .. แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€œ แ€™แ€…  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

แ€   แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€™แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€—แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€—แ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€„   แ€™ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€Šแ€… แ€•แ€ แ€€แ€ฌ

แ€› แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€˜  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€„  แ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€’แ€š  แ€ แ€ธแ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€†แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€แ€„

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 แ€  แ€„ แ€• แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€—แ€Ÿ   แ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

*********

  "แ€”แ€„ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ"

  "แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€œ แ€Ÿแ€š... แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•" แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€

 แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€แ€œ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ‚   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿ

แ€ž แ€€แ€œ แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑ แ€”แ€–   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€€แ€žแ€”แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€œ แ€˜แ€š แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€œ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•

แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€† แ€‘   แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ .. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ .. แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ฌ.. แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€ฌ .. แ€€แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€œ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฆ แ€ธ" แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€œแ€” แ€แ€š แ€› แ€€ แ€™   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ‚แ€„  

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€‘   แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

" แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ ... แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€œ แ€Ÿแ€š ... แ€กแ€ แ€œ   แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ

 แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ" แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€    แ€†แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•   แ€ธแ€”แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€€

"แ€กแ€™  ... แ€ฑแ€žแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€แŠ Message แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€•   แ‚” แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€˜  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

แ€แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€šแพแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€แ€”แ€›แ€แ€šแŠ Video call แ€   แ‚”  Voice message แ€   แ‚”แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€†แ€›แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹"แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€   แ€   แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€†แ€š แ€€แ€‘แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„.."

  "แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€€    แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€ แ€  แ€กแ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€†แ€š แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ แ€™

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ"

  "แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€œ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€   แ€€แ€กแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€Ÿ ... แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€œแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แŠ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€‚   แ€œ แ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ผแ€†   แ€แ€แ€›แ€™แ€š"

"แ€œ   แ€‚   แ€™แ€ผแ€†   แ€แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€œ แ€’ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€™   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€– แ€แ€ฑแ€แšแฟแ€•แ€„ แ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€€แ€› แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€›  แ€”แ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€…   แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€   แ€žแ€แ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€แ€š แ€›แ‚•แ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

"แ€Ÿ .. แ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€š แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€‚แคแ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€• แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแŠ Sorry แ€• แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€šแŠ แ€”แ€„   แ€ผแ€•  แ€€   แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ.. แ€Ÿ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ŸแŠ แ€แ€š แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€” แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

Page 143: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 143/199volume 8   143

  แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€€ แ€ แ€แ€† แ€ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€   แ€แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แฟแ€– แ€ผแ€ แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿ ... แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ‚•แ‚ แ€… แ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€’แ€” .. แ€แ€” แ‚” .. แ€แ€”"

"แ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ŸแŠ แ€’แ€” .. แ€แ€” แ‚” .. แ€แ€” แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ"

  " แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ  ... แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€œ แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„  แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ... แ€แ€…

.. แ€แ€…" แฟแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ    แ€› แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  

แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€แ€แ€›แ€Šแ‚แ€„    แ€แ€š แ€› แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ‚ แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ แ€€

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€    แ€› แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€„ แ€• แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€† แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€œแ‚Š  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€ž   แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ก   แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ ... แ€™แ€žแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€• แ€ž   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• .. แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ"

"แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ  แ€›แ€• แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ.. แ€Ÿ"

  "แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™  แ€กแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แŠ แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€œ    แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€œ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€›   แ€แ€š  แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€”แ‚”แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€œ  แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€™ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€œ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแŠ แ€งแ€€แ‚ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚ แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€กแ€ฌ ... แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€€แ€›แŠ แ€ผแ€–.. แ€ผแ€– แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€›แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•"

"แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€†  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแŠ แ€”แ€„  แ€’แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€‘  แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€—แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€œ แ€™แ€”แ‚”แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€• แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€› แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€› แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌ"แ€™แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™ แ€แ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ€แ€ฌ"

  "แ€”แ€„ แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แŠ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€”แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ‚•แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€กแ€™ ... แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ"

"แ€„แ€ซ ... แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€€    แ€š   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธแ€€  

 แ‚€แ€€แ€– แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

"แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ป แ€™แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ก   แ€ธ .... แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€’ แ€แ€’ แ€ แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€• .. แ€ .. แ€" แ€แ€š แ€› แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€… แ€แŠ แ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ Mode แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿ  แŠ Feeling แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€€ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€š  แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ€›  แ€›แ€„

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€”แ‚” ... แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€” แ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€œ   แ‚” 

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ .. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ.. แ€š   แ€แ€š แ€š   แ€แ€š แ€š   แ€แ€š แ€š   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€”แ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€– แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€”แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ... แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€’ แ€œ  แ€†   แ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ"

Page 144: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 144/199volume 8   144

  แ€’ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„  แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™  แ€™แ€–   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

"แ€’ แ€œ   แ€Ÿ .... แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„แ€แ€›แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

แ€†แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€• แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š"

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ ... แ€™ แ€ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€ Day แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€”แ€„ แ€€ Distance แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€’ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

"แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ ... แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€€ แ€›   แ€œ แ€™ แ€†แ€š  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

**********

  แ€†แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€žแ€Š  แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€–   

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€™   แ€…แ€› แ€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€”แ‚แ€„   แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   

แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚” แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€œแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€›แ€šแŠ แ‚ แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€กแ€… แ€€  แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€‚แ€… แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ‚ แ€„    "แ€œ แ€• แ€ป แ€•แ€™แ€š  แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”" แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€”แ€ฑแ€แšแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€แ€žแ€œ    แ‚ แ€…แ€›แ€€ แ€™แ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚แ€„  แŠ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„  แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€  

แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š    แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ž  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€‘แ€•แ€›   แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚แ€„   แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ‚   แ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€™ แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€•แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€’แ€ซ แ€‘   แ€€แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ž แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€แ€” แ€‘แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€ž แ€•  แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€• แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ŠแŠ Style Pant แ€กแ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ปแ€–แ‚ แ€„  

 แ€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€Šแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š แ€กแ€… แ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แŠ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€Š แ€™ แ€กแ€„แ€šแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ ..... "

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™   แ€ธแฟแ€ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ž  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€… แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€แ€… แ€€   แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธ

 แพแ€€แ€€แ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€   แ€›แ€„แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€œ  แ‹

"แ€Ÿ  ... แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€–แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€•  แ€กแ€… แ€€  แ€ฑแ€› ... แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€‡ แ€ แ€€แ€แ€ฌ"

Page 145: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 145/199volume 8   145

  "แ€กแ€™ ... แ€˜แ€ฌ ... แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Ÿแ€„"

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€‘แ€… แ€‘แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€„แ€ซแ‚แ€„   แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€€   แ€ž แ€€

แ€กแฟแ€•แ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

"แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แšแ€œ แ€œ   แ‚”"

"แ€›แ€” ... แ€™   แ€ธ .. แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œ  แ€™แ€ แ€แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€” 

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€… แ€แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌ"

  "แ€Ÿ แ€"

แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€„   แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€€   แ€€ แ€• แ€€แ€ฌ 'แ€Ÿ แ€' แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€”  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€… แ€œ

 แ€‘แ€• แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€œ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€‘ แ€•แ€ซ

 แ€ผแ€…   แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€   แฟแ€• แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€€ แ‚   แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€Šแ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€ž แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€œ   แ€€ แ€   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€  แ€   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€•  แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ  แ‹

แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Š  แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€–   แ€ผแ€–  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ‚แ€„    แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ผแ€–  แ€›แ€ฌแ€™  แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€†แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€ก แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€… แ€€แ€š แ‚แ€„   แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  'แ€œ แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€   แ€Ÿ แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ' แ€†   แ€   แ€กแ€ž แ€ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ธแŠ

'แ€งแ€€แ‚ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ' แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแŠ'แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€› แ€ž แ€€ แ€„แ€ซ แ€‘แ€€  แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€†แ€š  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ' แ€†   แ€    แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”

แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

**********

 

แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•

แ€แ€€แ€แ€แ€€แ€ แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€›  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ž   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ‚   แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž แ€€    แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€ž แ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€œ   แ€€แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Ÿ   แ€Ÿ  แ€’แ€’  แ€œ   แ€€แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ 'แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ.. แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•

แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€  แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜' แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€ผแ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€‘แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ 'แ€Ÿแ€™.. แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ' แ€ž แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„  แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

'แ€’ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ' แ€€ แ€ แ€™แ‚  แ€„แŠ แ€แ€™แ€›แ‚แ€„   แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€„   แ€€ แ€…   แ€€ แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ ..

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"แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ" แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€แ€” แ€€ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแŠ แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€   แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€žแ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€ž แ€™แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€• แ€–แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€–แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€—แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€”แ€› แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธ"

"แ€˜แ€ฌ .. แ€˜แ€ฌ.. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ"

 แ€€   แ€š แ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ‚   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€… แ€แ€กแ€แ‚แ€„   แ€™แ€œ   แ€™แ€œแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€ž แ€œ   แ€€แ‹

**********

 แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€œ แ€„  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€€ แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ 'แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ แ€ผ  .. แ€ แ€ผ  .. '

แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€œ  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ž แ‚”แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€žแ‚แ€„    แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€†   แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€•แ€„  แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€

แ€˜แ€„แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€• แ€ผแ€–  แ€ฑแ‚•แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ  แ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„   แ€ž แ€™แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ ... แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€†แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€€แŠ แ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€แ€” แ€แ€ แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ‚ แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€… แ€ แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  

แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€™   แ‚” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€›แ€„แ€แ€” แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€›แ€Š แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ ... แ€Ÿ แ€แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€„แ€ซแ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€˜ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€š""แ€กแ€„.. แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ"

  "แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€œแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ .... "

  **********

  แ€’  แ€„ แ€šแ€ฌแ€› แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ   แ€ธแ€…  แ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€Š แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€•แ€žแ€™แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€‘แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€•แ€„  แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ‚•แ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€ก แ€  แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€€ ...

'แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแŠ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€ž แ€•แŠ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€ž แ€•แŠ แ€ž แ€•  แ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€šแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€†    แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธ

แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ... แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ

แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€… แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€  แ€†   แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€ แ€€แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ  

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•'

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แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€–แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€™แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„  แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€แ€” แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™  แ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€œ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€› แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

**********

  "แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

"แ€กแ€ฌ... แ€˜แ€š แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€ แพแ€€ แ€แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ"

  "แ€Ÿแ€ฌ ... แ€”แ€„   แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€แ€œ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแŠ แ€ž แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ก แ€… แ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€– แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

"แ€กแ€ฌ... แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ก แ€œ   แ€™ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€‘แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€„แ€ซ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ"

แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€–แ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€ .. แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€œ แ€™   แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•  แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ .. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ"

แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š    แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‚แ€… แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€”แ‚แ€„   แ€กแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Š    แ€•   แ€™ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ก แ€™ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€™แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€”แ€ผแ€†   แ€€แ€ฌ Cat Walk แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š   Mode

แ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แŠ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€แ€šแ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ  แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€ž แ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€˜แ€แ€™

แ€Šแ€Šแ€Šแ€ฌแ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€† แ€•แ€„ แ€€    แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€™  แ€… แ€แ€กแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€š แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€šแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  

แ€žแ€… แ€ผแ€œแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€žแ€Š    แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€–   แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€Š แ€ž แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€€   แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€… แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

**********

  "แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€”แ€„ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€•แ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ"

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ"

"แ€’แ€ซแ€†  แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€”แ€†แ€” แ€ž แ€™แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ผแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€Ÿแ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ... แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€†  แŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€œ แ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€†แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›   แ€  

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€œ แ€€    แฟแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€›แ€„   แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€œ

แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแฟแ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”  Supporting

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€ แ€‘แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€€ แ€   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€„แ€ซ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€šโ€

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€ แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€   แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€€ แ€› แ€• แ€™แ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€™แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€–แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€€   

"แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ 

"แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€ผแ€€ แ€™ แ€€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•"

"แ€กแ€™" แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ผแ€€ แ€™ แ€€ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ ... "

  " แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ... แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€ แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€แ€… แฟแ€™แ€ฑแ‚•แ€•แ€ซ แŠ แ€กแ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€š  

 แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€œ" แ€ผแ€€ แ€™ แ€€ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€…แ€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€™แ‚แ€„   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ‹

"แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€žแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€•

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€”แ€„แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚•แ€›แ€œ   แ‚” แ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€œ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌ" แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€›

 แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€…แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€€    แ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€„  แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€œแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”  Great Wall แ€ฑแ€•แš

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ... แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™   แ‚”  แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€  English Speaking แ€žแ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€‘แ€€ แ€€    แ€แ‚ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€€  

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€” แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€†  แŠ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€• แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›  แ€ฑแ€” แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€กแ€™แ€กแ€› แ€–แ€™ แ€ธแ€† แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•"

**********

  แ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€Š    แ€‘แ€€ แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€žแ€Š    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ แ€แ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ  

แ€ž แ€™ แ€กแ€…แ€ฅแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€…   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ

แ€กแ€…แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€œ แ€•แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€–  แ‚•แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€… แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€   แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œ แ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ‚   แ€ธแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แฝแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ‚   แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

แ€กแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€  แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š   แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€” 

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€’ แ€แ€’ แ€แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†   แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€šแ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ‹

แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€…แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿ  แ€žแ€žแ€šแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ‹

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€™แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€• แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€„แ€ซ แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•"

Page 149: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 149/199volume 8   149

  "แ€Ÿแ€š" แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€‹ แ€แ€žแ€กแ€†   แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€œ แ‚แ€ผ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€”แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ž แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€š"

"แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€ แ€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแŠ แ€แ€†   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แฟแ€•"

"แ€”แ€„ แ€กแ€’แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

"แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€†  แ€„แ€› แ€œ   แ‚” แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€” แ€™  แ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€„แ€ซ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š   แ€œ แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€• แ€„แ€ซ แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€แ€…แ€˜แ€แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€žแ€…แฅ แ€ฌแ€›  แ€›  แ€” 

แ€แ€…แ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€„แ€”แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š   แ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•" แ€€แ€œ แ€œ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌ แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ผแ€แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€แ€†   แ€†แ€š  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€”แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€แ€… แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€   แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซ

 แ€™แ€’ แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚   แ€• แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€š"

"แ€Ÿ แ€ธ... แ€”แ€„   แ€™แ€œแŠ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š"

"แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ  แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€šแ€„แ€ซ แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆ

 แ€™แ€›  แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€แ€œ   . แ€   แ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€›แ€„ ... แ€แ€แ€”  

แ€ แ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€š.... แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€š  ... แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€š  .. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ " แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•แ€„ แ€Ÿแ€” แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€™แ€š  

แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ€šแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€€แ€   แ€กแ€แ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€  

 แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ""แ€กแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€žแ€œ   แ€™ แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€แ€… แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š   แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ ... "

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€š แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ€šแŠ แ€”แ€„   แ€œ   แ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€แ€… แ€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ"

"แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€œ แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€š"

  "แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธ"

  "แ€ž แ‚” แ€œ   แ€™ แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€    แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š   แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€œ    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•

 แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€ผแ€ แฝแ€” แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€†    แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Š  

แ€แ€š แ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฌแ€”  แ‚” แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ปแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ‚Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€‘ แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€Ÿ" แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘

 แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€”แ€€  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€™  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™  แ€™แ€Ÿแ€”แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€‘   แ€ธแ€ก แ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ก แ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€   แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€› แ€€   แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ แ€ฌแ€š แ€™   แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€†แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€ผแ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€œแ€€  แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ

Page 150: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 150/199volume 8   150

 แ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แพแ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€€    แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€Šแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€™แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€‘แ€„แ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ‚แ€„   แ€•แ€„ แ€แ€’ แ€แ€’ แ€แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€€ แ€–   

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€šแ€›แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€   แ€   แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€œ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€ก แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌ แ‚  แ€„ แ€ แ€Šแ€แ€…แ€Šแ€€   แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€›แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€’  แ€„ แ€šแ€ฌแ€› แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€” 

 แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€…แ€•แ€   แ€   แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€•แ€’ แ€€   แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ž แ€™ แ€กแ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€•แ€ซแ€˜แ€” 

แ€แ€• แ€   แ€ธแ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

" แ€›แ€„แ€แ€” แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†  แ€›แ€„ 

แ€„แ€ซ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€œ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ

 แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” 

แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š..... แ€„แ€ซ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€’แ€›แ€€ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌ ...

 แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€  แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€€

แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ ....

 แ€•  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” .....

 แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธ .....

  'แ€แ€ผแ€œแ€• แ€แ€ผแ€œ แ€•'แ€†   แ€   

แ€„แ€ซแ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€ž แ€ž  แ€ž   แ€€   

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€†แ€แ€†แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€„แ€ซแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ‚ แ€… แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ 

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ‹ ""

**********

Page 151: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 151/199volume 8   151

  แ€œ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€แ€กแ€แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แŠ แ€žแ€แ€… แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€…  แ€กแ€แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…

 แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€œแ€• แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€›   แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€–แ€”แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™  แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€    แ€ แ€€แ€    แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ แ€ฌแ€š  แ€™แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€†  แ‚  แ€„ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€    แ€ผแ€–แ‚•แ‚แ€ผแ€ฑแ‚•แ€–แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€…  แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ‹ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•

 แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€… แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€†   แ€‘แ€• แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€†แ€• แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€›แ€š แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€†  แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€™

แ€†  แ€„ แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€ž  แ€›  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„  .... แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€

แ€’  แ€„ แ€šแ€ฌแ€› แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€… แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•   แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€™

แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€–แ€ฌแ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€   แ€ž แ€™แ€›

แ€กแ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€™   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ž แ€€ แ€•   แ€•   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€„แ‚•แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€  

 แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™ แ€žแ€ž แ€ผแ€€   แ€ผแ€€   แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ‹ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€–   แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแ‚•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€• แ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ผแ€†  แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ‹ แ€กแ€œแ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€•  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„    แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€    แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€… แ€…

แ€’ แ€แ€… แ€… แ€œ แ€… แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€…   แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€‘   แ€…   แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ ...

แ€ž แ€™แ€œแ€€ แ€€   แ€ผแ€  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š   แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€†   แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€– แ€™แ€  แ€žแ€œแ‹ แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›  แ‹ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š

แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แ€    แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€™ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€•  แ€› แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€œ  แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€œแ€แ€†แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€„แ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œ แ€™แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ‹

 แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ž แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

'แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ... แ€แ€š แ€›แ‚•แ€† แ€€แ€•'

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ ... แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ"

  "แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š   แ€€   แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€† แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”  แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€†   แ€™แ€œแŠ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€† แ€• แ€€แ€™ แ€•

แ€†   แพแ€€แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

**********

 

Page 152: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 152/199volume 8   152

  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„    แ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€† แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€   แ‚”  แ€œแ€„ แ€™แ€šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€ผแ€œ แ€š แ€แ€€

แ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€† แ€•แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€†   แพแ€€แ€™แ€Šแ‹ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€›แ€„

 แ€แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚แ€„  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š    แ€แ€š แ€›แ‚•แ€‘แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€ผแ€‚ แ€™ แ€ผแ€‚ แ€™

แ€ฑแ€แšแพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€„แ€ซ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ŸแŠ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ŸแŠ แ€แ€€แ€แ€™ แ€•"

แ€ฑแ€’แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€š แ€›แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  

แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š  แ€แ€„ แ€ผแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€˜ แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแŠ แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€ž   แ€ธแ€†แ€šแ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธ แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€€    แ€‚แ‚ แ€™แ€…   แ€€แ€˜ แ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ‚แ€„  

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€แ€ซแ€” แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€œ แ€ แ€   แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€„แ€ซ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€†แ€š แ€‘ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€•  แ€„แ€›แ€™ แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€Ÿ   แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€€ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”"

**********

  แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€Š แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€ž แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€–   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚แ€„  

 แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€…แ€ฅ  แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€€    แ€แ€•แ€ž แ€แ€ž แ€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€…   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  

 แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ผแ€ž แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ‚”  แ€›แ€• แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€†  แ‚•แ€กแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€›แ€ž แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ธแ€…แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€’แ€” แ€ธ แ€›แ€„แ€แ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ž แ€™แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€” แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€•  แ€› แ€• แ€•  แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š  แ€ก   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€แ€•แ€ซแ€ธ

 แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†แ€š  แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œ   แ€•แ€„  แ€žแ€•แ€›แ€•แ€  แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€†แ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€    แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€›แ€ฌ แ€   แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€•แ€„ แ€ž แ€™แ€€แ€”แ€›แ€…แ€แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€›แ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€š แ€› แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š   แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€Ÿ   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€œ"

"แ€„แ€ซ แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”"

"แ€Ÿ แ€แ€แ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€›แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€›แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ" แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€•   แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€Ÿ  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€™แ€€  แ€„ แ€™

 แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€›แ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€›แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•"

แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€ แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

'แ€™   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€„   แ€… แ€ แ€€    แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธ ... แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€œแ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€šแ€”แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€•   แ€•แ€€ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚”

 แฟแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€š' แ€€   แ€š   แ€… แ€ แ€€   แ€€   แ€šแ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€”

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€›แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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  "แ€Ÿ  .. แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€‘ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€  แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ Pressure แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€š"

"แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ .... " แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€‘แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€™ แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ Shock แ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ž แ€™แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€• แ€žแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€Š แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€   แ€• แ€•แ€›แ€› แ€–   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€แ€ แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€žแ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€šแ€›แ€„ แ€žแ€   แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€†   แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„ แ€œ แ€„  แ€ž แ€™แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Š  

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€ก   แ€แพแ€ž แ€žแ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•แ€„  แ€ž แ€™แ€กแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€” แ€™  แ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€™แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ€™ แ€™แ€ž แ€œ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€€แ€šแแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€›  แ€   แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ž แ€™

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„แ€žแ€Š   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ‚•แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

""แ€แ€…แ€žแ€ฑแ€› ...... แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€… แ€    แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€†    แ€›แ€„แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€…แ€   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€•  แ€„แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ‚  แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€”แ€• แ€   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€   แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ€€แ€” แ€  แ€กแ€‘  แ€€แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ€ž แ€œ   แ€€แ€˜  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€ แ€กแ€แ€… แ‚ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›  แ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€š""

********** rd  k;Zufi,fi,f

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แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ - แ

  "แ‚แ€ผ แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚   แ‚”แŠ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€™แ€” แ‚”แŠ แ‚   แ‚”แ€†แŠ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€ŠแŠ แ€› แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฅ แŠ แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€– แ€™แ€….. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€š แ€–   แ‚” แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™  .. แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธ" แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ป แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€€ แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€œ   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™

 แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€  City Mart แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ‹ "แ€ฑแ€กแ€™.." แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแ€’แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€€แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€   แ€ธแ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š  แ€™แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€˜แ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ "แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€› แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€žแ€ แ€ผแ€œแ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”" แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€   แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€† แ€€

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€ป แ€•แ€ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ "แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š

 แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€ แ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ  แ‚•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™ แ€  แ€กแ€   แ€€

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ.. แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

  "แ€Ÿแ€š.. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€’ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€•..."

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€Ÿ.. แ€„แ€ซ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š.. แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  "

"แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€–แ€– แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€™แ€€  แ€„ แ€แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€˜แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€œ.. แ€’แ€ซ

แ€”แ€„  แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€’แ€ซ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธ แ€"

 แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ "แ€”แ€„  แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€

แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€˜แ€šแ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€›  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œ"

Page 155: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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"แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€œแ€ธแ€œแ€†   แ€ž   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€Ÿ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€†แ€š แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€   แ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š.

แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€€  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ"

  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€€   แ€™แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ "แ€„แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€€  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ.

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”  แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š.. แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€†แ‚แตแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€–แ€€แ€ž แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€†แ‚แตแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š.

แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•... แ€Ÿ   แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€” 

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚Š แ€ แ€‚  แ€˜แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š.. แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€„  แ€ซแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.. แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ.

แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ"

  "แ€ž แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ.. แ€ž แ€€ แ€”แ€‚  แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€  แ€›แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€ž

 แ€œ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€•แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›

แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€– แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€   แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€Ÿแ€š" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€”แ‚”  แ€™ แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€

 แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ‚ แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€– แ€’แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€”แ€„ แ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€„แ€ซ แ€™แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”"  "แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€• แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ"

  "แ€กแ€™แ€šแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€… แ€  แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€„แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€• แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ.. แ€’แ€ซแ€†    แ€’ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”  แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š.. แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€„แ€ซ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€š

แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š"

  "แ€„แ€ซแ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€….. แ€„แ€ซแ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ€š"

  "แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€’แ€ซแ€™แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€›แ€„   แ‚€แ€€แ€žแ€œ    แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ.. แ€€แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ.. แ€”แ€„   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€‘ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ "แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€  แ€†

แ€แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ.. แ€€.. แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ.. แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  "แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฑแšแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ซแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” 

"แ€”แ€„  แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€œ แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€„  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

  "แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿ แ€ž แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€œ.. แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œ.

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€   แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€”แ€„  แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€†   แ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€€  

 แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€œ   แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€ก  แ€ฑ แ€›แ‚•แ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€•.. แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€• แ€œ   แ€€.."

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

"แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แƒแ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€”แ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿ.. แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€”แ€„   แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ" แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€–แ€œ แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€

"แ€€.. แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€†    แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€›แ€„   แ€กแ€” แ€   แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ.

แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€   แ€€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธ"

  "แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€"

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ-แ‚

  แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€›แ€™   แ€ธแ€แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€   แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€€ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€šแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ก แ€™แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ก แ€™แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ก แ€™

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€œ    แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€›   แ€  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ    แ€ž แ€•แ€แ€… แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ€•แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€žแ€œ    แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€แ€„แ€กแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€š แ€œ  

 แ€šแ€†แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†   แ€ฑแ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€† แ€€

แ€แ€… แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ  แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž

 แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€  แ€กแ€„ แ€‚แ€„ แ€” แ€šแ€ฌแ€œ  แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€  แ€€   แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ž แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›   แ€แ€šแ‹

Page 157: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 157/199volume 8   157

  แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž  แ€ก แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€”  แ€™แ€™แ€”  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€”แฟแ€•แ€†  "

  "แ€กแ€ฌ... แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€› แ€ฌแ€› แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€•  แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€™  แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€Ÿแ€ฌ"

  "แ€กแ€™แ€š.. แ€”แ€„ แ€€แ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธ"

  "แ€กแ€…  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€แ€› แ€„ แ€แ€€ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚• แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€‚ แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š

แ€„แ€ซ แ€•แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธ"

  "แ€˜แ€ฌแ€†  แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€„แ€ซแ€˜แ€€ แ€œแ€Š   แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€• แ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€™ แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€”แ€„  แ€˜แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œ แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€… แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ  

แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ"

  "แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€›   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š  แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€    แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚•แ€™แ€›แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€™แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€• แฟแ€– แ€ธแฟแ€– แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ" แ€  

  "แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œ แ€„แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€€แ€แ€š"

  "แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€œแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ€Ÿ"

  "แ€’แ€ซ แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€œ  แ‚•"  "แ€กแ€š แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•"

  แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€† แ€€ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™

แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ‚”แ€† แ€€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€ก   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€… แ€ แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ    แ€แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•

แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€œ   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€Ÿ.. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•

 แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€ปแ€• แ€ธ แ€’แ€ซแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ  แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š  แ€”แ€„  แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€„แ€ซ แ€€  แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€… แ€แ€žแ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š" แ‚ แ€• แ€แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€–   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€šแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€… แ€แ€ แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€™แ€š"

Page 158: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 158/199volume 8   158

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ - แƒ

  แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ž แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€   แ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€ แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€แ€† แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ.

แ€ก   แ€œ   แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€‘แ€€ แ€ž  แ€แ€… แ€   แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ก   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ‚”  แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ

 แ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€… แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ž  แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€œแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€žแ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€™แ€‚แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€–  แ‚•แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€•  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ž  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€† แ€ฑแ€€แ€”

แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚•แ€›แ€™  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž  แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”  แ€•  แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€˜แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแฟแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€ แ€  แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แพแ€žแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€  แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€’ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” 

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”  แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€…  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ‹

  "แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€•  แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€€  แ€ž แ€€   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€†  แ€‘แ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ  

แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€œ   แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€œแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

"แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€” แ€แ€›แ‚• แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€ แ€™ แ€•  แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€š  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€šแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™   

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ก แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€™แ€š"

  "แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€   แ€•แ€ซ แ€กแ€” แ€.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€šแ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™

แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ" แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แฟแ€„ แ€™   แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€™แ€กแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ แ€‘ แ€™แ€€ แ€… แ€‘แ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

Page 159: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 159/199volume 8   159

  แ€กแ€ แ€ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ‚   แ€• แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€Ÿแ€š แ€œ  "

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œ"

  "แ€”แ€„  แ€€  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€”แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑ แ€žแ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€š  แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€€

 แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€”แ€„   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ž  แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€”แ€„

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€–   แ‚”  แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€„  แ€ซแ€€   แ€•แ€ซ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€ แ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€š  แ€ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€   แ€  

แแ€แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€‘แ€• แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€”แ€„ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€œ.. แ€”แ€„

แ€„  แ€ซแ€€   แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€™แ€ž แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€„แ€ซ แ€€ แ€กแ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€–  แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€„  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€„แ€ซแ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€„แ€ซ แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ€’ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€‘แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€›  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซ แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซ

แ€กแ€ แ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ"  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ผแ€‚แ€แ‚   แ€€"

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ - แ„

  "แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€œ แ€ แ€ธแ€ž แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€š" แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€•   แ‚” แ€…แ€› แ€•แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€•แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€… แ€€

แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‚แ€ซแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€กแ€™แ€š แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€แ€š แ€™   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€… แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€•"

  "แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ก แ€™ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€• แ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€™แ€… แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€”

แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•  แ€’ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ แ€‘  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€’ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•" แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€› แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 160/199volume 8   160

  "แ€€แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€กแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€   แ€ธ"

  "แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌ"

  "แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€™แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€—แ€œแ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.

 แ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ แ€  แ€† แ€œแ€ฌ" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€„แ€ซ แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€„แ€ซ แ€žแ€žแ€œ   แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑ แ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€žแ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š"

  "แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€”แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแฟแ€•" แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€  แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€€ แ€˜แ€แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ แ€•  แ€กแ€œแ€ฌ

 แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€กแ€š  แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€š แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€… แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ" แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” 

 แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€†   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•.. แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ.. แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€š"

  "แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ.. แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€†แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€  "

แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€  แ‚•แ€€   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ธแ€–   แ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€Ÿแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ก   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ‚แ‚Š แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€ก   แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€€แ€” แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•... แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€–แ€šแ€ž แ€• แ€–   แ‚” แ€• แ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€€แ€†  แ€กแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž แ€• แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™

แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€– แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€„  แ€› แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€•  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€žแ€œ    แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€žแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€แ€š แ€œ   

แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€•.. "แ€แ€€ แ€แ€šแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›แ€š  แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„   แ€€    แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘  แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•..

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™  แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€™แ€œ.. แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ‹

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ โ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฑแ€–แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€š แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€Ÿแ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ แ‚   แ€ธแ€€แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€œ   แ‚”"

Page 161: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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  "แ€”แ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€œแ€แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” 

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€‘ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€กแ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€›แ€…แง แ€ฌแ€”แ‚  แ€” 

 แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€”แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€   แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ‹

แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€– แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€„  แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

  โ€œแ€’แ€ซแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€žแ€›แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€” แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€†แ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ€– แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€™   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€– แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แšแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

  "แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€  แ€„ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™   แ€€ แ€แ€š.. แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅแ€›  

แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•

 แ€แ€€แ€šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌ"

  "แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€™แ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€”แ€„ แ€แ€™แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€™แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€Ÿแ€ฌ"

  "แ€™แ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€ก    แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•โ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ‚ แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•โ€ฆ แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ‚Š แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธ"

"แ€กแ€™แ€š แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ" แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€€   แ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ€… แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ‚ แ€• แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€› แ€›แ€š แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ‹

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ - แ…

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€€  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€‘แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€กแ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€ แ€™แ€š  แ€กแ€€แ‚Œแ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€†   แ€ธแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ‹ แ€œแ€€ แ€€  แ€„แ€ก แ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€–แ€”แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€š แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™แ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€กแ€ แ€‘ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€ผแ€แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

 แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œแ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€œ    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€™แ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€แ€… แ€… แ€แ€ฑ

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹

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  "แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€™แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€’ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•" แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€กแ€žแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€žแ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€›แ€™แ‚Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€† แ€  แ€–   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€€ แ€€  แ€„แ€ก แ€ แ€‘ แ€‘แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™   

แ€› แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œ" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

  "แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€€แ€• แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€Šแ€Š แ€ธแ€œ แ€œ   แ‚” แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ... แ€แ€€แ€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ž แ€ก   แ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ€ก   แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š" แ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€ แ€ แ€œ แ€œ" แ€œ   แ‚” แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€† แ€€   แ€œแ€€ แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ "แ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌ แ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€• แ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€€ "แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธ แ€„  แ€ซแ€€  .. แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€š  แ€„แ€ซ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€š" แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ    แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€”แ‚”  แ€’ แ€œ  แ€กแ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€™แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€– แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€‘

 แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€  แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ.. แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ"

  "แ€กแ€ฌ.. แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€•โ€ฆ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ"

  "แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€œ  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™.. แ€’ แ€œแ€” แ‚”  แ€’ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•.. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€”แ€„   แ€€  

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€‘แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€

แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€•โ€ฆ แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€•  แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Šแ‚  แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€แ€” แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ"

  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€  แ€„แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€žแ€› แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€”

 แ€ผแ€   แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€€ แ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™  แ€ž แ€€ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€– แ€ธแ€žแ€œ    แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  

แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก   แ€œ  แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

Page 163: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 163/199volume 8   163

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€’แšแ€›   แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  

แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ   แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž   แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€   แ€•  แ€žแ€แ€›แ€แ€š แ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ž แ‚”แ€† แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š" แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ

 แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€   แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€   แ€€แ€กแ€ แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚” แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€€  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€” แ‚”  แ€…แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€•แ€แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™   

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€œแ€† แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€˜แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ โ€ฆ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€” แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€

แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€€    แ€™   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€–แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ‚ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€€

 แ€แ€€แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€• แ‹ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€›แ€„แ€˜แ€ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€„   แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€žแ€œ   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€š "แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›แ€š" แ€ก   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€• แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ผแ€› แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€„   แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€† แ€• แ€‘แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€    แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€กแ€„ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€… แ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€  แ€„  แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€กแ€

แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‚   แ‚” แ€™   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€†    แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€„   แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€•   แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€… แ€ แ€• แ€€แ€” แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€›แ€„  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€  แ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€„ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€แ€€แ€š แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€ž แ€แ€š แ€Ÿ แ€กแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€Š แ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซแ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€”แ‚•แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ž  แ€†แ€…แ€’แ€” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€   แ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€€แ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ‹ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€  แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ  แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€ แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€  

แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€แ€€แ€š แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€„   แ€€   แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€™ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซ" แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€€   แ€žแ€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ‚ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ   แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€™   แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€  แ€„แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€‘ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ก  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€š แ€™ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€€

 แ€€ แ€แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€แ€… แ€œแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€† แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€€

 แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€› แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œ  แ‚• แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ‚   แ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

แ€ก  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€š แ€  แ‹ แ€ก  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€€  แ€› แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€• แ€–   แ‚” แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€€    แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€–แ€– แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ป แ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€• แ€ผแ€•   แ€€    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€„ แ€ แ€แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€€    แฟแ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€†  แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€กแ€žแ€”

 แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€›แ€€ แ€…แ€€แ€  แ€ž แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€แ€Š แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ž

แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  "แ€Ÿ แ€  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€…แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚• แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ.. แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€”แ‚”.. แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„   แ€€    แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€•  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€   แ€ปแ€–แ€†   แ€  แ€”แ€„  แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€šแ€ž   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€Ÿ   แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€’แ€˜แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€กแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€กแ€…   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€•แ€ซ.. แ€ž แ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ฑ แ€แšแพแ€€แ€แ€š..

แ€žแ€› แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€› แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

  "แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€š" แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แšแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€š  แ€ž แ€€   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€•แ€ž แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€€.. แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€   แ€š  แ€™แ€œ   แ€™แ€œแ€” 

 แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€™  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€€    แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€–แ€”แ€™ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€  แ€กแ€€แ‚Œแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€‘ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€•  แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€€   แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€… แ€ธแ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

"แ€”แ€„ แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š"

"แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.. แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ"แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ แ†

  แ€’แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€†   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ

แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€  แ€„แ€” แ‚”แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€œ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€–   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€›แ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ

Page 165: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 165/199volume 8   165

  "แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œ แ€ผแ€œแ€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€•  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€œ   

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ž แ€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€   แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€แ€… แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚• แ€„แ€ซแ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€€ แ€žแ€›แ‚•แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€‡แ€” แ€ธ

 แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ก  แ€’แ€ซแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€‘แ€   แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€š"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅ แ€€    แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ž  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™  

 แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€” แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•"

  "แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€Ÿแ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€… แ€   แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ž แ€•โ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ.. แ€„แ€ซ

 แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แพแ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„"

  "แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€‡แ€ฌแ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€…แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ€™แ€แ€„แ€›แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ

แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ž แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž  แ€ž แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€•โ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€    แ€’ แ€ แ€ฑแ€šแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•   แ‚” แ€แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ก

 แฟแ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€  แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘ แ€ธแ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ‚ˆแ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€€ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€š"

  "แ€’แ€ซแ€†   แ€”แ€„แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  "แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€œ แ‚แ‰ แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œโ€ฆ แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š"

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€… แ€แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š.. แ€’แ€ซแ€” 

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€œ แแ…แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€•  แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€ก  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธ"  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€š แ€‘   แ€ธแ€…แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ก   แ€™แ€  แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž แ€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€› แ€„ แ€•   แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™  แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€™แ€š" แ€œ   

แ€  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†แ€ฑ  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€  แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€   แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ - แ‡

  "แ€Ÿแ€š แ€œ  "

  "แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€• แ€”แ€„  แ€† แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œ   แ‚”โ€ฆ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ก แ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”"

  "แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€”แ€„แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€™แ€œ   แ‚” แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ"

  "แ€žแ€™ แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œโ€ฆ แ€”แ€„  แ€† แ€€   แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ž แ€Ÿแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€š"

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  "แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€š  แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€

แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€•แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ€…แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”"

  "แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แฟแ€•แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ แ€•  แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€š"

  "แ€กแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€€ แ€ก   แ€œ   แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€™แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œ   แ€แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€• แ€Ÿแ€ฌ"

  "แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌ"

  "แ€™แ€žแ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แฟแ€• แ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ" แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€› แ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€กแ€แ€แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€‘ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ‹ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€… แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€–แ€”แ€•แ€กแ€…แ€ฌ

 แ€–แ€”แ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€… แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€Ÿ  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€…   แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ‹

  แ€™แ€”แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€•   แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€š    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€แ€

 แ€€แ€ แ€แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€’ แ€œ   แ€• แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€”แ‚” แฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€”แ€„ แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„ แ€แ€š" แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€œ   แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€แ€žแ€›แ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€”แ€„  แ€Ÿ  แ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”" แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€†    แฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€  

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€€แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ  

  "แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€Ÿ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€› แ€’แ€˜แ€€ แ€€  " แ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แšแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€Š แ€œแ€€แ€Šแ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€Š  แ‚ แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€…แฅแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€แ‚• แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€–แ€ฑแ‚•แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€€แ€” แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€–   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„ แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” 

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌโ€ฆ แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€žแ€› แ€”แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ‚”"

"แ€กแ€™แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€•... แ€”แ€„ แ€€ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€˜แ€šแ€›แ€™แ€œ"

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€„แ€ซแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€€แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€š" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€†  แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 

 แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€‘แ€„ แ€™ แ€แ€˜

แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€† แ€€    แ€แ€Š   แ€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€ แ€™   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€” 

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ€” แ€™แ€›แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€œ   แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€† แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ   แ€– แ€™ แ€  แ€กแ€›  แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•  แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹

  "แ€”แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€™แ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€” แ‚”  แฟแ€„ แ€™ แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€˜

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€€   แ€… แ€แ€แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธ" แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ

  "แ€ แ€.. แ€ แ€.. แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€ก   แ€ผแ€–.. แ€™แ€„  แ€” แ‚”  แ€˜แ€šแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€„แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ" แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚• แ€œแ€Š   แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

 แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€’แ€ซ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

"แ€กแ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„   แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€ปแ€แ€… แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€‘แ€„ แ€แ€šแ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€•   แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€š

 แ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€™แ€š"

แ€  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€•  แ€œแ€€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€žแ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€   แ€šแ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™   

แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ž แ€œ   แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€™ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€‚แ‚ แ€™แ€…   แ€€ แ€™แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€œแ€€ แ€€แ€กแ€ แ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€žแ€œ  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€†แ€€แ€† แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€›แ€„แ€˜แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€•  แ€”แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›แ€šแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†  " แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€€ แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š  แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„โ€ฆ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€ธ แ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

แ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€  แ€„แ€”แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€† แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€œ   แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€€แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€›  แ€”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€• แ€€  

 แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€’ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€   แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€  แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€†แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹  "แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ"

  "แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌ"

  "แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚”แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€”แ€„ แ€’แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ€›แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€…แฅแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€œ   

แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธโ€ฆ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€„แ€ซ แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€™ แ€แ€š แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€”แ€„  แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ‚  แ€„แ€›   แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

  "แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€„แ€ซแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€”แ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ"

  "แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ... แ€”แ€„ แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

  "แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€•

แ€”แ€„  แ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซแ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€•แ€‘แ€™ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€šโ€ฆ แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€„แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€–   แ‚”  แ€™แ€‘   แ€€ แ€แ€”แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€„แ€ซ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€•แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€€  

 แ€™แ€แ€„แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€ก  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€„แ€ซ แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€™

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แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€”แ€„แ€” แ‚”แ€„แ€ซแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€œ   แ€• แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ   แ€•  แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ.. แ€€.. แ€„แ€ซ แ€”แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€™

แ€”แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚•แพแ€€แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€„แ€ซ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌ"

  แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€€   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€   แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€›แ€š... แ€„แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€–แ€˜แ€แ€‘ แ€€    แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€› แ€  แ€žแ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ‹ แ€”แ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€แ€… แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚• แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€แ€–แ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€… แ€œแ‚แ‚ˆ  แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€แ€‘แ€€  

 แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€”แ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€ž แ€€    แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™

แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€™แ€แ€„  แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€„แ€ซแ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€”แ€„แ€กแฟแ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€”แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€™  แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€„แ€ซ

แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ‹

   April 99

 

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แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ-แ€€)

"แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™.. แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€’ แ€› แ€™ แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€‘แ‚   แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€• แ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€   แ€Ÿแ€š แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š.. แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

  แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ แ€•แ€†แ€ฌแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ‚แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€… แ€แ€ก   แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแแ€–แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ

 แ€•แ€   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€   แ€Šแ€„แ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€† แ€• แ€€  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ..

"แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€š.. แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€   แ€กแ‚ แ€• แ€€   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€™แ€›  แ€˜ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ˆแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ"

  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€• แ€•  แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ‚ แ€•  แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€„   แ€™   แ€™  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€žแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€› แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€   แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€† แ€€   แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€–แ€–.. แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ‚ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€™แ€œ  แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ"

  แ€œแ€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž  แ€–แ€แ€„แ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

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 แ€™แ€แ‚•แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ผแฝ แ€แ€ฌแ€… แ€…แ€…  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€กแ€•   แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€™แ€Š    แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€…   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  * * *

แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€•แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ธแ€”แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€„แ€šแ€„แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…  (แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€„แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€.. แ€žแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แŠ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚แ€„   แ€Š แ€™) แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€€แ€š   แ€€  

แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€‘แ€ธแฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€™แ€˜แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€†  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€œแ€”  แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€žแ€แ€›แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  

แ€แ€… แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€  แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€”แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€กแฟแ€™แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€žแ€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€†   แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€•แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€แ€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ป แ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ"

แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€•แ€žแ€Š  แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€•แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™ แ€™แ แ€กแ€€แค   แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜แ€€แ€ก แ€ แ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‘แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€แ‚ แ€…แ€ก แ€ แ€€    แ€‘ แ€ แ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€ แ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–แ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…   แ€ผแ€แ‚   แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•  แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.... ....

แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ..

 แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€›แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€›แ€š ....

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€…แ€ฌแ€€   แ€–แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€€   แ€žแ€แ€›แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€Ÿ   แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€„แ€šแ€˜แ€แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ‚)

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€แ€€    แ€€   แ€šแ€ž แ€€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€š แ€…แ€ฅ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€„  แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€แ€ แ€” แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€› แ€  แ€€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ แ€†แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ฑแ€•แ€—แ€’แŠ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€—แ€’แŠ แ€žแ€แค แ€ฌ แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€˜แ€€  แ€กแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›

 แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€ แ€šแ‚ แ€… แ€แ€€แ€ แ€” แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€†แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€ž แ€•แธ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€•   แ‚”แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€œ แ€•แ€˜แ€แ€™   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€™ แŠ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€

แ€ก แ€™ แ€™  แ€‘แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€‘แ€Š   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€†    แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€€  

(แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€œ  แ€กแ€œ แ€ผแ€œแ€”) แ€ปแ€–แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€…   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€š  แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ

 แ€‘   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€œ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€… แ€  แŠ แ€™แ€แ€… แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ‚แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แ€›แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€›แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€.. แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€… แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€žแ‚แต  แ‚’แ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ‚แ€„    แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€šแ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€†  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€• แ€  แ€ก แ€แ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€‚ แ€ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„    แ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€˜ แ‚”แ€›แ€šแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€ฌแ€€   แ€กแ€•แ€ แ€แ€€ แ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€žแ€„ แ€š แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แƒ)

  แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚แ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€€ แ€™แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€   แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แ€ผแ€† แ€ แ€• แ‚•แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

Page 172: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 172/199volume 8   172

  แ€‘  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ แ€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™ แ€  (แ‰) แ€˜แ€ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™  แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Š  

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€•แ€œแ€ แ€…แ€แ€… CASIO แ€œแ€€ แ€•แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€

(แ€ผแ€˜ แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€) แ€™  แ€แ€„แ แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€•แ€ž แ€แ€ž แ€  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ‚ แ€™แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„

แ€กแ€€แ‚Œ แ€œแ€€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€˜ แ€€    แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™ แ€€    แ€œ แ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ  แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Š แ€€    แ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€„ แ€‘แ€„

แ€žแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ   แ€•แ€„  แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   

 แ€™แ€ž แ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€•แ€€ แ€แ€„ แŠ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€™แ€œ   แ€€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€›  แ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก แ€€  แ€˜แ€€ แ€€  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   

แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€•แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„   แ€™แ€Šแ€ž   แ‚” แ€™  แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€† แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ    แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Šแ‹

"แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€… แ€™ แ€แ€š" แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€กแ€€แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€– แ‚”แ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ แ€– แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

 แ€‘  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€…แ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€›แ€„แ€žแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€– แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ‚แ€„    แ€ก แ€€  แ€˜แ€€ แ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ก แ€€  แ€ž   แ€ธแ€‘แ€• แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€› แ€ฌแ€•  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€€แ‚Œแ‚แ€„    แ€‘แ€˜ แ€€    แ€แ€แ€†แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€žแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€..

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€›.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€’แ€กแ€€แ‚Œ แ€” แ‚” แ€‘แ€˜ แ€• แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ แ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€„แ€   แ€ธแ€›แŠ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ž

 แ€แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€"

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™..

Page 173: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 173/199volume 8   173

"แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€Ÿ แ€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.. แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œ"

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€› แ€€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ž  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แŠ (Botany) แ‚ แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€—แ€’แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€œ   แ€€ แ€ผแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ.... แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€€ แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€ธ....

  แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€…   แ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€    แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ž  แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€˜แ€ แ€… แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‚ แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†  แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†  แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€™แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ .... แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ .... .... แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ .... .... .... แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†  แ€žแ€Š  

แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€†  แ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€žแ‚แ€„   แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€” แ€กแ€†แ€„   แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ แ€›แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€˜แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€žแ€Š   แ€‘แ€€ แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€› แ€

 แ€แ€” แ€‘ แ€• แ€แ€” แ€•   แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€Š แ€€   แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€™แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ

แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€...."แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ.... แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€› แ€ แ€€   แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€   แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€™   

แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€ แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ธ แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ"

"แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ  แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚” แ€€   แ€‘   แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€›แ€š แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” 

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€   แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ"

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ‚แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€›แ€žแ€œ    แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€แ€„ แ€ž แ€™   แ‚” แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€†แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ€•แ€‘แ€™แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ)

 แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

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แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ„)

  แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ แ€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ    แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€›แ€   A-34 แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€™แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€œ  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€  แ€›แ€   แ€แ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›.. แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€›แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”..

"แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„  .. แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.. แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€• แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ RC (Recreation Centre) แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€…   แ‚”"

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ.. แ€แ€‡แจ แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š"

"RC แ€†  แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€™   แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€…แ€’แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™   แ€ธแ€™แ€…  แ€˜  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€›แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€   แ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€แ€‡แจ แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€„แ€ซ แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€šแ€†    RC

 แ€‘ แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€• แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š"

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€   แ€šแ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€ RC แ€€   แ€• แ€œ   แ€€แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€™   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‚•แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€แ€˜แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” RC

แ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€–แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€  แ€œ แ€…แ€แ€”  แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž

 แ€ผแ€…   แ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€ผแ€…  แ€ฑแ€”แŠ แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  (แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ....) แ€ž แ€•แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”....

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„.. แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•แ€ผแ€€.. แ€กแ€’ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•"

แ€กแ€…แ€™แ€›   แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€™แ€›  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€ แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ..

"แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ.. แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€"

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ แ€„  แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€› แ‚•แ‹

"แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.... แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€™แ€š.. แ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€…   แ‚”"

แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€„แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ‹

  แ€’ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€ก แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€‘ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€–   แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€… แ€แ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€’แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€™แผ แ€ฌแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

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  แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€  RC แ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€‡แจ แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€‘ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”  แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ A-26 แ€‘ แ€€    แ€แ€„แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ‚•แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€€    แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘  แ€„แ€   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€....

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„.. แ€กแ€’แ€ซ แ€แ€ แ€šแ‚ แ€…  แ‚ แ€€แกแ€ฑแ€—แ€’แ€กแ€‘ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€š แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€• แ€ผแ€€"

  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑ  แ€•แ€ฌ แ€›แ‚Šแ€„แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š.... แ€แ€…แ€ก แ€• แ€™แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€‘แ€Šแ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€ แ€ธแ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„ แ€™แ€„  แ‚  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€›

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€   แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€›แ‚•แ‹ แ€ž แ€™แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€ "แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„"แ‹ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€  แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ž แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€„   แ€กแ€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ž แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ....

"แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ.... แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€•แ€แ€ฌ "

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ‚” แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€   แ€œแ€€แ‚แ€„   แ€ž   แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€™แ€žแ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ…)

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€ แ€…แฅ  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€  แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ แ€€    แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€แ€”แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„   แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ

 แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€™ แ€ แ€™แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€„   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ฑแ€™แ€”แ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ.... แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€€   แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€    แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„   (แƒแ€€/แแแ†แ€) แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€žแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€‚แ‚ แ€แ€…   แ€€

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€แ€   แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š   แ€แ€… แ‚€แ€€ แ€™แŠ แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ‚€แ€€ แ€™ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ แฟแ€•แ‹

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€  

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 แ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€œแ€ฌแ€•   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€› แ€• แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แŠ แ€žแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€† แ€€   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€   แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

   แ€‘   แ‚”แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ€ธแ แ€   แ€ธแแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€†แ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€›  แ€žแ€Š  

แ€žแ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€แ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€   แ€œแ€€  แ€™ แ€ แ€™แŠ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

(แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€‘  แ€žแ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ (Chain Reaction) แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™ แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š)

  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€‘  แ€„แ€›แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•   แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€•   แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€กแ€›แ€„แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€›แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แพแ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ (Attendance แ€›แ€š แพแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ)

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€šแ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€™ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ž แ‚” แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž  แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„ แ€แ€ แ€    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แฟแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€˜แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€›    แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  * * *

  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ†)

  แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†    แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€แ€… แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€ผแ€… แ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€†   แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€ แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€แ€Šแ€› แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€    แ€แ€… แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ‹ แ€Ÿ แ€ธ...

 แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€… แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€š แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€™แ€š แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ‹

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€”แ€”แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ (แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แŠ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ)

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€   แ€šแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€   แ‚” แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€•.. แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ"

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€ แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚” แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€š..

"แ€„แ€ซแ€›แ‚• แ€Š แ€™แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€€   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€„   แ€š แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ‚” แ€Š แ€™แ€€   แ€ฑแ€™แ‚ แ€ฌแ€„   แ€š แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.... แ€ฑแ€™แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€–แ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€” แ‚”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

 แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ"

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 177/199volume 8   177

 แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ผแ€•   แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€šแ€˜แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€€ แ€แ€‡แจ แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€„ แ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€€   แ€šแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€” แ€ธ

 แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แš แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ซแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€•

แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿแ€ฌ.. แ€ฑแ€žแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.... แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€• แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€• แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€€   แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ‚”แ€Š แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธ"

  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€   แ€€แ€†  แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€›แ€•   แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€€ แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€ แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€€   แ€š แ€   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€Š แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€€   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ "แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

 แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›   แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ....

"แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแŠ แ€  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•"

"แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€€    แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€œ    แ€„แ€ซแ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€”แ‚”  แ€•แ€แ€žแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€ธแŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Š แ€•แ€€ แ€    แ€œ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€ž แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€€แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€… แ€แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แŠ แ€ผแ€… แ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€Š แ€™แ€€    แ€•   แ€ธแ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€š แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€žแ€œ   แ€ฑแ€กแ‚ แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€š แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ"

"แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€Š แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€™ แ€แ€Š แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€ผแ€€"

Page 178: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 178/199volume 8   178

"แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€›แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€™แ€”แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€แ€”แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œ.... แ€กแ€•แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€… แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€•"

  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌ แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…   แ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€™แŠ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€• แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š    "แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€™ แ€แ€Š แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€š แ€ผแ€€"

แ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€ž แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แŠ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ "แ€„แ€ซ แ€€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ž  แ€ป แ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„" แ€†   แ€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€€   แ€ แ€ แ€แ€† แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ‡)

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ.. แ€› แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแŠ แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€š"

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€€   แ€š   แ€€    แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แšแ€œ   

แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€ (แ€กแ€žแ€…) แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€ แ€ก แ€แ€  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแ€กแ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€•แ€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€„ แ€€    แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€œแ‚ˆ  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€” แ‚” แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€   แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€€   แ‚แ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€€   แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แŠ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ธแ‹

  แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€แ€กแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€†   แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€˜แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€›แ€…แ€’แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€แ€ก แ€แ€”แ€› แ€€    แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€™   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€แ‚” แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แฟแ€•แ‹ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€€  

 แ€ฑแ€แ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€œ    แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ผแ€   แ€แ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€    แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€› แ€ฌแ€  

แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ‹

  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€’แ€ซแ€žแ€Š  แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แ€œ   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€•แ‹ แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€กแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” 

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™  แŠ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แŠ แ€แ€… แ€…   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€… แฟแ€•แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„  แ€€   แ€šแ€˜แ€š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€œ   

แ€›แ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€œแ‹ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€   แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€Šแ€กแ€€แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€ "แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€" แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

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แ€กแ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€›แ€ฌแ‹

  แ€Ÿ แ€ธ.... แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ    แ€แ€” แ€แ€” แ€šแ€„ แ€šแ€„  แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€– แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„

แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€† แ€€    แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€… แ€‘แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€„   แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€   แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ แ€ฌแ€š แ€™แ€žแ‚  แ€„ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ"

"แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแŠ ( ) แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€•แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ"

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€€แ‚ แ€• แ€œ   แ€• แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€แ€… แ€แ€šแ€—แ€ฌ"

  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€กแ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แพแ€€แ€Š แ€œแ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚แ€„    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€™ แ€„ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€” แ€ธแ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™แ€ธแ€Šแ‚‡แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€แ€… แ€™   แ€… แ€™   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€”แ€„แ€š แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚•

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€… แ€แŠ แ€ž แ€™แ€„แ€š แ€… แ€ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€œ   แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€ แ€‘ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€† แ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€แ€… แ€…   แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€„   แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€›แ€” แ€แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€€  

 แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€šแ€˜แ€€แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€„ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€“ แ€•แธ แ€ฌแ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€–แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€œ   แ€Ÿ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€† แ€€   แ€…   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€†แ€€ แ€œ แ€• แ€œ   แ‚” แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€แ€แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ..

"แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ   แ€€   แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซ"

 แ€œ   แ‚” แ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€   แ€€

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€„ แ€•   แ€™   แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€„ แ€…   แ€€ แ€‘ แ€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€žแ€žแ€žแ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€” แ€˜แ€š  แ‚ แ€š แ€œ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€”

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 แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€› แ€•แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€    แ€ผแ€†  แ€ฑแ€แšแ€œ   แ‚”  "แ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.

 แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†  แ€„  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„" แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แ€… แ€†  แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€•แ€„แ€ก  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›

แ€กแ€› แ€•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€˜  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€›แ€Šแ€†  แ€„ แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แˆ)

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€Šแ€กแ€… แ€™แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€ž   

แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€„แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ‚แต แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€› แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€š.. แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€š"

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ผแ€Ÿแ€” แ€ธ.. แ€œ แ€•   แ€€   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€›แ€Šแ€”แ€•แ€›แ€Š แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œ  แ€” แ‚” แ€ก แ€ แ€ แ€•แŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€แ€š แ€  แŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แ€€ แ€แ€… แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†  

แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

  แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€› แ€€ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€แ€Š แ€ แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€…แ€ฌแ€ž แ€• แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€•   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€€    แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€ž แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€˜แ€šแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€€   แ€™แ€†    แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€•  แ€ แ€ แ€€แ€€แ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€œ   

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แšแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›   แ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ"

  แ€แ€„แ€ž แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€š.. แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ.... แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€ แ€” แ€‘ แ€ž แ€›แ€Š แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แŠ แ€ก.

 แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ.... แ€ก แ€œ   แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€… แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ฑแ€…"

แ€กแ€žแ€€แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€ธแ€…แ‚แต แ€ฌแ€€ แ€กแ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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"แ€Ÿ  .. แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€œ.... แ€ž แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€€    แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ"

"แ€ก.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ"

 แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€    แ€œแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แŠ แ€™แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€–แ€€แ€Šแ€žแ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€กแ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€”แ€ฑ แ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”

แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚” แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"You will never be perfect in your rst time."

  แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€• แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ  แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€Œแ€ฌแ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แกแ€†แ€›แ€ฌ L.J แ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€†   แ€œ  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€š แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€• แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€•   แ€ผแ€œ  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€แ€… แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€€   แ€š   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  

 แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€แ€„ แ€™แ€„แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€กแ€ แ€™  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€† แ€€    แ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€› แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€–   

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแ‹

  * * *

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แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ‰)

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™ แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•   แ€™   แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€Š แ€€    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ‹

แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฅแ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แซแ‚Š แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›แ€›  แ€žแ€œ  

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€กแ€‘  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€แ€แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‚แ€„    แ€กแ€Š  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ    (แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ) แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€…แ€ แ€แ‚ แ€… แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€…แ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ (แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ  แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€†แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹) แ€ž แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€†แ‚แตแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€…แ€ฑ  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ‚  แ€„แ€   แฟแ€•แ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ    แ€แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑ แ€”แŠ

แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ผแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ‚แ€„  

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€†  แ€ฑแ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚”  แ€ก แ€™ แ€‘ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ‚แ€„    แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€ผแ€แ€„

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ‚   แ€ธแ€€ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€” แ€œ แ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€ผแ€€"

  "แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€€  .. แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ  แ€‘แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ž   แ€ธแ€ผแ€…  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€    แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›

แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€€    แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”  แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚”  แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€

 แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€   แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ก แ€™แ€ž แ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแŠ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€   แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ  แ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€–แ€ฌ แ€…แ€• แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€    แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€š แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„

แ€กแ‚แ€›แ€ฌแ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€• แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌ"

"แ€แ€›แ€…แง แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€  แ‚”"

"แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€กแ€” แ€€แ€š.. แ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ผแ€  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ž แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€œ   แ€  แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” 

 แ€‘แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แŠ แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚”  แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€แ€ฌ แ€–แ€” แ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€    แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€  

 แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   (แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›แ€œแ€’แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€Š แ€™ แ€›  แ€žแ€Š แ€€  )

แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†   แ€ฑแ€šแ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€   แ€žแ€€แ€›  แ€žแ€ แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ (แ€€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€แ€œ   แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซ

แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„) แ€›แ‚• แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€—แ€’แŠ แ€แ‚แถ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€€แ€” แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€€    แ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

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แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›   แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•"

  "แ€žแ€แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€•   แ€แ€š แ€™แ€›    แ€†   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€œ    แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€    แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›   แ€™แ€›    แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€ปแ€• แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌ

 แ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€„ แพแ€€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฅแ€•แ€™แ€ฌ แ€กแ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€‘แ€€ แ€    แ€กแ€€   แ€€แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€    แ€กแ€€ แ€… แ€•แ€›แ€„  nonsteroida

anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs) แ€   แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€ž   แ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

 แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ž แ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€“แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌ แ€€แ€™แ‚ˆ แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€Š  แ€กแ€† แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€™แ‚ˆแŠ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€กแ€” แ€™แ‚ˆ

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€€ แ€… แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€   Reye syndrome แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€‚แ€ซแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ‚แ€„  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€€  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€” แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€   แ€€ แ€•แ€€ แ€… แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€›   แ€    แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€ แ€™แ‚ˆ

แ€›แ€œแ€’แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€€   แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€แ‚•

 แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€  แ‚  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„   แ€กแ€€ แ€… แ€•แ€›แ€„  (ASPIRIN) แ€€    แ€กแ€žแ€€  (แแ†) แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€  แ€œแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„

แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€…แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  แŠ แ€‘แ€   แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€    แ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€ แ€š แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š

แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€แ€„แ€—แ€ฌ"

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿ.. แ€แ€š แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™   แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€… แ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€” แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

แ€ž  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€แ€™แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€™  แ‚  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€Š แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€กแ€–

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€†แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  "แ€กแ€” แ€€แ€š แ€   แ‚”  แ€—แ€’แถแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€… แ€แ€›แ‚• แ€œแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ผแ€– แ‚” แ€…แ€Š แ€ธแ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€ผแ€œแ€”แ€ แ€  แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธ แ‚แ…แ€แ€ แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€ฌแ€กแ€”แ‚

 แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€กแ€”แ‚แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€—แ€’แถแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€…แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€ แ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€…แ€€  

แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€  แแ‰ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แŠ แ‚แ€ แ€›แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€™   แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€ž แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ"

  "แ€Ÿแ€ฌ.. แ€กแ€” แ€€แ€š แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ.. แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€แ€€แ€แ€”แ€€แ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€ž แ€•แธ   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€” แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•  แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€ แ€ แ€€แ€€ แ€™แ€ž แพแ€€

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Š แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ"

"แ€ก.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌ.แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ"

  แ€กแ€‘แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€–แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž แ€   แ‚”  แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€• แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

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แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€”แ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ž   แ€ธแ€žแ€• แ€™ แ€    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ‚• แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€€แ€แ€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™   แ‚” แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€›  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€   แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ..

  "แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›.. แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€” แ€ แ€   แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€›   แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€€   แ‚”แŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แค แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€  

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€•แŠ แ€ž  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แคแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ‚ แ€…แ€” แ‚”แ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€” 

แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ‚ แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€  แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ž แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€™แ€ธแŠ

แ€กแ€… แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›   แ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ‚ แ€™ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€š"

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆแ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€แ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ก แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€Š แ€™แŠ แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€ฑแ€€แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  

แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€… แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€  แ€ž แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ก แ€™ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ  แŠ แ€‚แ‚ แ€™แ€…   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€œ  

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ก แ€™ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€…   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แแ€)

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ€แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€œแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€„ แ€… แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€›แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€…แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ  แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€   แ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€™   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€… แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแแ‹ แ€… แ€แ€›   แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€› แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แพแ€€แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€€แ€šแแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แ€ž   แ‚”  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€กแ€› แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ž แ€• แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ž แ€• แ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ‚  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€€แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€›   แ€™  แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€›  แ€žแ€Š

 แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ผแ€แ€„    แ€›  แ€žแ€ŠแŠ แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€–แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€กแ€†แ€„    แ€†แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘ แ€™  แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€™แ€Š  

 แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€†  แ‚  แ€„แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€žแ€Š

Page 185: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 185/199volume 8   185

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€แ€›แ€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ "แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€žแ€€  (แ‚แ…) แ‚ แ€… แ€™   

แ€„แ€šแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€š.. แ€†แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ" แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€žแ€›  แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€ แ€กแ€žแ€€ (แƒแ‚) แ‚ แ€… แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€€ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š  

แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€žแ€€แ€Šแ‚‡ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€  แ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€š แ€แ€›แ€  แ€ž แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€™แ€”แ€•   แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž  แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€” 

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€กแ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€™แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€   แ€€แ‚   แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ

แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฅแ€” แ‚”  แ€กแ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€แ€• แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•   แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€•แ€™  แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…

 แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€  แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€”  แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€šแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€– แ€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€…แ€ฌ แ€•   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€” แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€™แ€ŠแŠ แ€žแ€€แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€Œแ€ฌแ€”แ€™ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š  แ€ž แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€…แ€žแ€Š.

 แ€…แ€žแ€Š    แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€” แ€…แ€”แ€…แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€™  แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€š แ€– แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฑแšแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š แ€Ÿ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„.. แ€œแ€€แ€›  แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚” แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ"

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ    แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€ŠแŠ แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ผแ€œ แ€šแ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€

แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™ แ€™ แ€œแ€€ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ฑแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„   แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€…   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€แ€€แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ  แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€แ€แŠ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘  แ€กแ€›แ€”แ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š  

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€แŠ แ€กแ€…แ€…แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€€แ€” แ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€Š

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œแ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€… แ€œแ€€ แ€™ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š แ€™ แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€•  แ€„แ€†  แ€„ แ€  

 แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฅแ€…แฅ แ€ฌแ€†   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ‚  แ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€  แ€ฑ แ€›แ‚Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€›แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€›   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€ แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€… แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Šแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ‹ แ€ž  แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€› แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚   แ€ธแ€€   แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€”....

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"แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€…   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€€แ€” แ€€แ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€š

แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€›แฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„"

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€แ€€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€‚แ€แ€” แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€€  

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ....

"แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€š.. แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€•แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€›แŠ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€›   แ€    แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€

 แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚”แ€กแ€  แ€œแ€€ แ€แ€ แ€œแ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€›แ€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€” แ‚”แ€†    แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ   แ€แ€ฌแ€‘แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™ แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€แ€š แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแŠ

 แ€Ÿ แ€ แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌ.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„"

แ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ผแ€‡ แ€แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  "แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ‚•.. แ€˜แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แ€œแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌแ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚” แ€€   แ€š แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ"

"แ€Ÿแ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€Ÿแ€„  แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.. แ€™แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€€แ€š แ€œ แ€• แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•.. แ€ž แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

"แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.... แ€€   แ€š แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ"

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€‘ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€” แ‚” แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€กแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  .."แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€š    แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€”แ€€  แ€†แ€šแ€”แ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€  แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€€    แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ แ€”

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€† แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€ธแ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€…   แ‚”"

 แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Ÿ แ€ธ"

 แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€œ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€žแ€€ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€…แ€›แ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€š.... แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€”แ‚” แ€˜แ€š แ€œ   แ€œ แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€€   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€แ€… แ€žแ€˜แ€แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€แ€” แ€‘ แ€• แ€แ€” แ€•   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€…แ€™แ€Š    แ€€ แ€…แฅแŠ แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฅแ€…แฅ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แŠ แ€›แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€ž แ€•แ€แ€… แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ž แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€   แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€œ  

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แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€ž แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™  แ€   แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€  แŠ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€  แ€ฑ  แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”

 แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แแ)

  แ€›แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€   แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€›แ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€…แ€” แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€แ€แ€†แ€ฌแ€†แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€›แ€›แ€„  แ€แ€” แ‚” แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€Š แ€    แ€กแ€œ แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ‚•แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€„   แ‚€แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€žแ‚ แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€กแ€“ แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€  แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ผแ€˜ แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€€

แ€†แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€Š แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€›

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€œแฟแ€•แ‹

"แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€š.. แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€™แ€ธ แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™แ€€แ€Š แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”" แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ž แ€ฑแ€…แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ก   แพแ€žแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€แ€…แ€†แ€„    แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€€ แ‚ แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  "แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€   แ€˜แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€‘แ€แ€… แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€šแ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š   แ€€  แ€ž แ€•แ€แ€… แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€แ€… แ€žแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€›แ€Šแ€ผแ€› แ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€Š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™  .. แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ"

  "แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€€แ€Š แ€™แ€š   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€€    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€  แ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ‚•แ€‚ แ€แ€ž แ€€แก แ€ฌแ€€    แ€‘แ€   แ€€แ€žแ€œ  

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€›แ€„ แ€™แ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ž  แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ

แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฅแ€…แฅ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›แ€š แ€แ€ แ€แŠ แ€กแ€ผแ€œแ€š แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ แ€

แ€ž แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„  แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€™แ€œ   แ€™แ€œ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€€แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€€แ€•แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€€  

 แ€‘แ€Š   แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€š"

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€แ€… แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€กแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€กแ€€แ€š แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€€   แ€ผแ€œ  แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

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"แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€€แ€Š แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€šแŠ แ‚   แ‚” แ€™   แ‚”แ€›แ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ แ€™   แ€™แ€šแŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™แŠ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†   แ€ธแ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€š"

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€…แ€กแ€…แ€ฅ แ€€   แ€†แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€ž แ€•แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€›แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌ

แ€›  แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€œ   แ€•  แ‚   แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€ แ€”

 แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€–   แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚• แ€€แ€› แ€„แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€‘แ€€

 แ€•   แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ‚   แ€ธแ€• แ€แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ซ แ€†แ€€ แ€   แ€€  แ€…แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š แŠ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„ แ€… แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„  แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

 แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€š.... แ€€   แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š"

  แ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€„    แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€•แ€ซ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€  แ€˜ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ž  แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€€   แ€šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€žแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€€    แ€กแ€‘แ€„ แ€ผแ€œแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€™แ€Š แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€”

แ€กแ€›แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€แ€œแ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€   แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€   แ€š   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€   แ€€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€›แ‚•แ€€ แ€กแ€“ แ€•แ€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€›แ€›แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€    แ€…แ€” แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ผแ€•แ€„  แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑ  แ€ผแ€€แ€€แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€€แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€…แ€” แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€•  แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แพแ€€แ€ผแ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€Š แ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€†   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€€แ€ฌ

 แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€… แ€ แ€‘ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€›แแ‹

  * * *

  แ€ฑแ€…แ€”แŠ แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ‚ แ€…แ€›แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  

 แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€™แ€†แ€€แŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€˜ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€”แ€œแค แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”  แ‚   แ€ธแ€†แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚” แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€    แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€… แ€ แ€€   แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ‚” แ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€€    แ€แ€… แ€žแ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€˜แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€• แ€•  แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€š แ€–   แ‚”  แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แŠ แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€‘แ€•แ€แ€„ แ€    แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Š แ€€   แ€™แ€š แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แ€š"

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7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 189/199volume 8   189

แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€ซแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.... แ€กแ€’ แ€œ   แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€”แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€š"

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธ แ€แ€… แพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€€ แ€” แ‚”  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ€˜แ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€ แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€กแ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€กแ€ แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€

 แ€™แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ž แ€• แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€‘แ€Š   แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฆ แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™แ€œแ€„   แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€€   แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธ"

  แ€€   แ€š แ€ฑแ€กแ€œแ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€€แ€ฑ แ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€Š แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€   แ‚” แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€™  แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€š แ€€แ€ฌ แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€•.... .... แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€Š แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€แ€›แ€„

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ‚”แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€  แ€‘แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€…แ€™แ€›  แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.... .... แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€…   แ‚”"

แ‚ แ€ แ€แ€›แ€€ แ€€   แ€š แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€€   แ€•แ€„ แ€™แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Šแ€›แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€” แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแแ‹

(แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€†  แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Š แ€€   แ€™แ€šแ€˜แ€ฑ แ€”แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ผแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€แ€… แ€žแ€˜แ€แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€ แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘ แ€กแ€€แ€• แ€™แ€€  แ€„แ€žแ€„  แŠ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธ)

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€€    แ€€   แ€š  แ€†   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ.... แ€กแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€€   แ€š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฑ แ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ‚• แ€… แ€ แ€“แ€ฌแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€›

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€”แ€€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€šแŠ แ€€   แ€š   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ‚   แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€” แ‚”  แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€˜แ€แ€€  

แ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แŠ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€™ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแ€Ÿแ€„"

แ€ฑ  แ€ฑแ€žแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€žแ€Š  แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€ แ€€    แ€แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š  แ€†  แ€žแ€Š    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„

 แ€™แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€  แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€ แ€€    แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€ฌแ€šแ€™ แ€ธแ€œ   แ‚” แ€ป แ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€   แ€š แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Š    แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Š    แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€€แ€กแ€Š แ€™แ€ธแ€€    แ€œ   แ€ธแ€

 แ€œแ€€ แ€™แ€ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€   แ€š  แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€•แ€ธ แ€กแ€ž แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ‚แ€„   แ€€   แ€š แ€• แ€™   แ‚” แ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แŠ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ž แ€€   แ€š   แ€€  

แ€ž แ€€แ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ แฟแ€•แ€†   แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€–   แ‚” แ€™แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€กแ€™แ€” แ€แ€€แ€šแ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„   แ€ž แ€•แ€แ€… แ€›แ€    แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€ž  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€€   แ€š  แ€žแ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€‡แ€ฅ แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

Page 190: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 190/199volume 8   190

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€    แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ป แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ‹

 แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›   แ€    แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€€   แ€š แ€ป แ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€œ    แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€€    แ€ฑแ€ผแ€„แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธ

 แ€•แ€…แฅแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฅแ€…แฅ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€ป แ€–แ€Š  แ€†แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€    แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ (แ€แ€… แ€žแ€กแ€†แ€„   แ€‘แ€€ แ€•   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€แฟแ€™ แ€”แ€ฑแ€…แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€œ แ€” แ€€ แ€œ   

แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€œแ€”   แ€กแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€  แ€›แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ) แ€กแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€ แ€ผแ€œแ€”  แ€กแ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ธ  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ž  แ€กแ€„ แ€™แ€แ€”  แ€…   แ€ธแ€› แ€™ แ€‘ แ€ แ€œแ€” แ‚” แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€ž แ‚” แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€œ   แ€ปแ€„แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€”แ แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚ แ€„   แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€ž แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€   แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”แ แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€กแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€”แ€žแ€Šแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€œ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„แ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€žแ€Š  แ€žแ แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€กแ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แแ‹

แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€กแ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€”แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€แ€… แ€…   แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ (แ€กแ€แ€… แ€… แ€)

แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€€ แ€‘ แ€•แ€†   แ€ธแŒแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€€    แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€˜แ€แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€แ€›แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€กแ‚  แ€„ แ€š แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€žแ€Š  แ€‘   แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€€  แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€‘  แ€กแ€แ€ซ

แ€žแแฟแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€ แ€‘  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€€    แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แ€Š แ€€แ€ฌ แ€‘   แ€ธแ‚ แ€€ แ€   แ€€แ€   แ€€แ€žแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€‘  แ€ž แ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€†   แ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€†  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€”แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€• แ€€แ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€žแ€›แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแฝแ€”แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ‚”แแ€žแ€™  แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€„

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€›   แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™  แ€ฑแ€› แ‚”แ€†   แ€–แ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„แ€  แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘  แ€„แ€ฑแ€”แ€   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€† แ€€    แ€… แ€แ€กแ€ฌแ‚   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

 แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€  แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€ แ€€  

 แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€แ€ซแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€ฌแ€šแ€™ แ€ธแ€œ     แ‚” แ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€™ แ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ž แ‚”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€ แ€€    แ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€€   แ€š  แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€ แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹

แ€„  แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€ฑแ€…แ€ผแ€ แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€€   แ€š  แ€™แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€… แ€ แ€€    แ€™แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ แ€ผแ€œแ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€แ€… แ€œแ€€ แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ‹

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€   แ€€   แ€š แ€†   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€แ‚  แ€„แ€†   แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š   แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”....

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  .. แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€ปแ€•แ€•แ€ซ"

Page 191: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 191/199volume 8   191

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ แ€แ€†แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„   แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ž แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ผแ€€  แ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€แš แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€†   แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ Khalil Gibran

แ€›แ‚• แ€”แ€ฌแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌ   "The Prophet" แ€†   แ€    แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€‘ แ€€ แ€แ€…แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€žแ€„   แ€    แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€ผแ€–  แ‚”แ‚แ€ผ แ‚” แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•   แ€€    แ€ž แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ผแ€œ แ€ แ€œแ€• แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€‘  แ€„แ‚  แ€„ แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€

 แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€แ€… แ€–แ€€ แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€› แ€• แ€ฑแ€€แ€…แ€žแ€œ    แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  

 แ€€แ€—แ€ฌแ€กแ€šแ€กแ€†แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€†แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€ž แ‚ แ€… แฟแ€แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"Let there be spaces in your togetherness, And letthe winds of the heavens dance between you. Love

one another but make not a bond of love: Let it rather be a moving sea betweeen the shores of of

your souls.Fill each other's cup but drink not from one cup. Give one another of your bread but eat not

from the same loaf. Sing and dance together and be joyous, but each one of you be alone, Even as the

strings of a lute are alone though they quiver with the same music. Give your hearts, but not into each

other's keeping. For only the hand of life can contain your hearts.And stand together, yet not too near

together: For the pillars of the temple stand apart, And the oak tree and the cypress grow not in each

other's shadow."

  แ€˜แ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ‚แ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€” แ€œแ‚ˆ แ€•แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™แ€œแ‚Š   แ€ฑแ€™แ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€… แ€€    แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚”แ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€™   (แ€†   แ€ธแ‚แ‚ˆ   แ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Š แ€™   แ‚”) แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€ธแ€”แ€… แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  

แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ผแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€… แ€œแ€€ แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€    "แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€แ€…แ€แ€žแ€Šแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ แ€€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„

แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€…แ‚  แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ"แ‹

  * * *

  แ€žแ€” แ‚” แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€   แ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€€   แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€€ แ€žแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€€ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€•แ€žแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€†   แ€ธแ€™แŠ แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌแ€„   แ€–แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Š แ‹ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€Š

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€    แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€… แ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€€    แ€แ€” แ€–   แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€แ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€Š แ€ธ

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€žแ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€… แ€แ€›แ€Š แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€… แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€” แ€•แ€ซ แ€‘แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚”

 แ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

Page 192: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 192/199volume 8   192

  แ€€   แ€š   แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€€ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ž  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„  

แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€œแ€Šแ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œแ‹ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€… แ€แ€žแ€”แ‚”แ€ฑ  แ€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€ซแ€ธแ€ž แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ   แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€œ แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š  แ€ž

แ‚ แ€…แ€ž แ€™   แ€™แ€Š  แ€žแŠ แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€… แ€แ€Šแ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ก แ€™ แ€€    แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•

 แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€”แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ก แ€™ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚”..

"แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌ.. แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€›แ€œแ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€    แ€แ€€แ€šแ€แ€… แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€žแ€†   แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ž แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€•แšแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€› แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ž  แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€œแ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„

 แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซ"

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ..

"แ€œแ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•.. แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€แ€Š แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ‚” แ€… แ€แ€Šแ€… แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€€   แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•

 แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œ   แ€•.. แ€‘แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€ปแ€•แ€” แฟแ€•แŠ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„.. แ€„แ€ซ แ€… แ€แ€Šแ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ.. แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ.. แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ"

"แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ธ.. แ€’แ€ซแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ CHIVAS Whisky แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€„แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌ แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แ€™แ€š แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

แ€†  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€™ แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€   แ€œแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€    แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€šแ€†   แ€†แ€›แ€ฌแ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แ€   แ€œแ€”แ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œ     แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€

แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ‚ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€ผแ€€  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™แ€š  แŠ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€•แ€™แ€š    แ€„แ€ซ

แ€กแ€›แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€.. แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ"

  แ€žแ แ€ฑแ€™แ€€แ€”แ€• แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€€แ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€  แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแŠ

แ€กแ€†แ€„ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธ แ€žแ แ€แ€… แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€•แš แ€šแ€™ แ€ธแ€•   แ€™ แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€€  แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌ แ€œ   แ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ผแ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€ž  แ€กแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€„แ€š  แ€… แ€แ€žแ€€แ€žแ€ฌแ€›แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™   แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€†   แ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€‘แ€• แ€ฑแ€…แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแพแ€žแ€ฌ.. แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€„แ€ซแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€•  แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€ก.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ธ"

Page 193: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 193/199volume 8   193

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แฟแ€• แ€ธ..

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€  แ€แ€ฑ  แ€แ€’แ€”แ€ฌแŠ แ€›แ€„ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€  แ€”แ€ฌแ€€แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€  

แ€กแ€›แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ฌแ€€ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแŠ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€™ แ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€•  แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€€แ€แ€„ แ€… แ€

 แ€™แ€›  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€˜ แ€ธแ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ.... แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€  แฟแ€™แ‚•แ€‘แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€กแ€ฌแ€„แŠ แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ก แ€œแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€”แ€  

 แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€†  แ€„ แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€™แ‚Šแ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€•  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€… แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ แ€„แ€ซ แ€ž แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌแŠ แ€œแ€ฌ.. แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€…   แ‚”"

  * * *

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ  แ€” แ‚” แ€Šแ€˜แ€€ แ€€   แ€š แ€ก แ€™ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€แ€…แ€แ€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€œ   แ‚” แ€‘แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ‚•

แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€ก แ€•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€งแ€Š  แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€   แ€ผแ€‘แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  "แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€€  แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€œแ€ฌแ€‘  แ€„แ€ฆ แ€ธแŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แฅ แ€แ€…แ€

แ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€’ แ€œ   แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›.... แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€›แ‚• แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ ( ) แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แก แ€œ แ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€    แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€… แ€… แ€œ   แ€ธ แ€กแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€กแ€•  แ€„

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„แŠ แ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแ€…   แ€…แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€† แ€€  

 แ€–แ€” แ€ธแ€†แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€”แ‚”  แ€ž แ‚”แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€€แ€” แ€  

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€–แ€€แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€†   แ€  แ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€แ€…แ€  แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€š  แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€  แ€„ แ€•แ€„ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅแ€แ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€„ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€”แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€Šแ€…แ€ฌแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€†   แพแ€€แ€–   แ‚” แ€œแ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€แšแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š

แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•   แ‚” แ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š.. แ€œ   แ€€แ€   แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€œ   แ‚”  แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€– แ€ แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€ แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€… แพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€–แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€

แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€กแ€€  แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€กแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€” แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ž แ€€ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€ฑแ€กแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธ

แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€   แ‚”"

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™  แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€€   แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

แ€†  แ€žแ€Š   แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€ปแ€–แ€„   แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€– แ€แ€… แ€œแ€Š  แ€†แ€€แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ.. แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแฟแ€™ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€   แ€œ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แŠ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€›แ€   แ€แ€ฌแ€•แŠ แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ‚   แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€• แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€”แ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„

 แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€†แ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

Page 194: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 194/199volume 8   194

แ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„   แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแŠ แ€™แ€Ÿแ€ฌแ€ž แ€•แธ  แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แŠ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€‚แ€ผแ€˜ แ‚”  (แ€ฑแ€’แ€ซแ€€ แ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”) แ€›แ€›   แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€†   แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ€กแ€‘  แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€†

(Scholarship)แŠ แ€’แ€ซแ€™ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€แ€ฑ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€€ แ€•  แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธ (Stipend) แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€š"

  "แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€ฑแ€›แ€žแ€ธแ€    แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€ฌแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€†    แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แ€›แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€”แ‚”  แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€œ แ€• แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ‚ แ€… แ€ฑแ€€แ€”

แ‚ แ€…แ‚ แ€…แ€กแ€‘ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€€ แ€™แธ แ€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€œ แ€• แ€–   แ‚” แ€€แ€™ แ€ธแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€›   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€™ แ€™แ€˜แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€   แ€š แ‚€แ€€แ€€ แ€  แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€  

แ€†แ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€šแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€„ แ€แ€ฌแ€”แ€€ แ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธ แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€š"

"แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€›แ€„.. แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€šแŠ แ€แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€„  แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€€   แ€š แ€•  แ€„แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€”

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€กแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€ฑ  แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€’แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€ แ€ป แ€–แ€… แ€แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฑแ€–แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€แ€š

แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€” แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ‚”แ€กแ‚€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€›   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑ แ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€’แ€ฑแ€žแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ แ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€š"

"แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€ แ€ฑแ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€š แ€ผแ€€.. แ€’แ€ซแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€žแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€

แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€•แ€ผแ€€แŠ แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€…แ€ฌแ€€    แ€แ€€แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€„ แ€  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€žแ€ฌ แ€›แ€š แ€œ   แพแ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€Ÿแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€Ÿแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

แ€›   แพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€Šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„   แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€  แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€แ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌ แ€แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€€    แ€ปแ€™แ‚‡แ€„   แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแŠ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€Šแ€ฌแ€š แพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€แ€…แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€œแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€†แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€แ€… แ€… แ€ แ€แ€… แ€•  แ€„ แ€ธ

 แ€แ€… แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแพแ€€แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€€ แ€•   แ€€แ€† แ€€   แ€œ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฌแ€š แพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ธแ€ผแ€•  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€•   แ€€แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€„แ€ฑ แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ  แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€ แ€›แ€  แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แ€” แ‚” แ€กแ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€กแ€’แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€Š

 แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€€   แ€แ€€แ€šแ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑ แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€žแ€„แ€แ€›แ€œ   แ‚” แ€˜แ€ฌแ€™ แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€ แ€•แ€ แ€ แ€™แ€แ€ แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€†   แ€แ€ฌ

แ€ž แพแ€€แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™แ€›แพแ€€แ€˜ แ€ธแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€กแ€’ แ€œ    แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ผแ€–แ€„   แพแ€€แ€    แ€Ÿแ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€œ แ€™แ€Šแ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแŠ แ€ž แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€˜

แ€ฑแ€› แ€ฌแ€„แ€› แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌแŠ แ€™แ€แ€€ แ€™แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ"

"แ€แ€€แ€š    แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ‚”แ€กแ€†แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„    แ€กแ€žแ€กแ€™ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€กแ€™แ€Šแ€ฑแ€ผแ€

 แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚”แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€แ€šแŠ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€žแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ

แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€แ€ฌ"

"แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€› แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ ( ) แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ž แ€€   แ€š แ€  แ€„แ€ฑ  แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€€    แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€†แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€–   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€› แ€ธแ€แ€กแ€ผแ€–   แ‚” แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ

Page 195: MCM Journal Volume 8

7/18/2019 MCM Journal Volume 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mcm-journal-volume-8 195/199volume 8   195

 แ€แ€ฌแ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€   แ€– แ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€กแ€›แ€ธแ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€    แ€กแ€แ€€แ€กแ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„แ€›แ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€€แ€Š

 แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแซแ‚Šแ€”แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€   แ€ผแ€€"

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€š   แ€แ€šแŠ แ€„แ€ซแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแ€†  แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€€   แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€š   แพแ€€แ€Š แ€แ€š"

  แ€กแ€žแ€Š แ€œ   แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€€ แ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€กแ€„แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š  แ€” แ‚” แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€›แ€Š แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€แ€แ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€”

แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   "แ€˜แ€š  แ‚ แ€š แ€œ" แ€†   แ€แ€กแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€”แ‚” แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€Š   แ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€™แ€€แ€›แ€Š แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€„   แ€œแ€Š แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹  แ€™แ€˜แ€†  แ€žแ€Š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€žแ€™ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€

 แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ‚แ€„   แ€™  แ€กแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘   แ€ธแ แ€™แ€›แ‚  แ€„ แ€ฑแ€…แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€€   แ€ธแ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ธแ€‡ แ€ธแ€›แ€„แŠ แ€œแ€€แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€†แ€›แ€ฌแŠ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€ผแ€†แ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธแ€ปแ€ฑแ€™แ€žแ€ฌ แ€กแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€•แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹

"แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซ แ€™แ€š แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€™.... แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€š แ€œ   แ‚” แ€€แ€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š"

  * * *

  แ€€   แ€š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€” แ‚”  แ€™ แ€™ แ€แ€ซแ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€… แ€ แ€แ€„ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแŠ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€œแ€€แ€›  

แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€แ€” แ€‘แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€    แ€™แ€ผแ€…แ€” แ‚” แ€œแ‚Š แ€ แ€œ   แ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€’แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ€™    แ€šแ€  แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌแ€•  แ€†แ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€–   แ‚”แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€  แ€†   แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

แ€˜แ€ฑแ€แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€›แ€ธแ€กแ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€แ€€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€  แ€„แ€  แ€„ แ€™แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌ แ€™แ€›  แ‚  แ€„ แฟแ€• แ€™   แ‚” แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€แ แ€™แ€œ แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€›แ€” แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€ปแ€–แ€„  

แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€กแ€™แ€ธแ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   แ‚” แ€ผแ€‘แ€€แ€ผแ€แ€ฌแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€ž แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ‚แ€„   แ€œ แ€™แ€ธแ€€   แ€แ€… แ€ปแ€™แ€แ‚   แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€™แ€›   แ€แ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Ÿ แ€ แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ‹

  แ€™ แ€™แ€›แ‚• แ€„แ€šแ€ผแ€›แ€šแ‚ แ€•แ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแŠ แ€‰แ€ฌแ€ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌ แ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ‚ แ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแŠ แ€ผแ€แ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€ธแ€” แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ผแ€›แ€€ แ€œ แ€• แ€€  แ€„ แ€œ   แ€

 แ€… แ€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€€    แ€‘ แ€‘แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€ž   แ€ธแ€แ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€…แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แ€šแ‚  แ€„ แ€–   แ‚”แŠ แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€ฌ

 แ€ปแ€•แ€„ แ€•แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแปแ€ฑแ€œแ€ฌแ€€แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€š แ€–   แ‚” แ€—แ€Ÿแ€ž แ€แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€…แ€ฌแ€›แ€›   แ€–   แ‚” แ€œ  แ€กแ€•แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€‰แ€ฌแ€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€กแ€ผแ€› แ€šแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€” แ€ธแŠ แ€„แ€š แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€   แ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€’แ€žแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ž   

แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œ แ€œแ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€Š  แ€žแ€„  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€” แ€€แ€”แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€œ แ€•แ€›แ€• แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€œ แ€„

แ€ฑแ€”แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™ แ€™ แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€€แ€Šแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€ฌแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„ แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แกแ€ฆ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€   แ‚” แ€œ  

 แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€œแ€Šแ€กแ€€แ€ธแ€ปแ€• แ€•   แ€•   แ€ธแ‚  แ€„ แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€กแ€…   แ€ธแ€›แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€™  แ€ผแ€‘ แ€€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€œ  แ€กแ€• แ€    แ€กแ€‚แค แ€œ แ€• แ€…แ€ฌ แ€   แ€–แ€š

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(TOFEL) แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€†  แ‚  แ€„แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚”แ€› แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€™ แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธ แ€…แ€…แ€ฑแ€†แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€‚แ€กแ€ฌแ€ก แ€ธ

(GRE) แ€€  แ€ฑ  แ€žแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ แ€€แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€–แ€†  แ‚  แ€„แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€€แ€™แ€ฌแป แ‚”แ€กแ€†แ€„  แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„    แ‚  แ€„แ€„ แ€ปแ€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™

แ€žแ แ€กแ€›แ€Šแ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€Š   แ€™แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€„แ€ผแ€แ€„  แ€ฑแ€œ แ€ฌแ€€ แ€œแ‚Š แ€ฌแ€€    แ€œแ€€แ€แ แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€† แ€€    แ€‘   แ€€ แ€แ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

แ€›แ€›  แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€€ แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€™แ€Šแ€žแ€Š  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™  แ€กแ€œแ€Ÿ แ€ปแ€–แ€…  แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€•แ‹

  แ€žแแ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€…  แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ‚แ€„  แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แŠ แ€กแ€… แ€™ แ€Š แ€™แ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ (Scholarship) แ€›แ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€  

 แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€žแ€ฌแ€‚ แ€ แ€š แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ  "แ€žแ€„แ€šแ€แ€„ แ€ธ.. แ€ผแ€€แ€” แ€‚แ€›แ€€ แ€€แ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€› แ€„ แ€ธ"  แ€Ÿแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€ฌ แ€กแ€€  แคแ€แ€… แ€‘แ€Š

 แ€‚ แ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€œแ€€แ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€Ÿแ€ฌ แ€แ€š แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€…แ€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ธแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€Šแ‚‡แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€ฑ  แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€›   แ€œแ€ฌแ€ แ€” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€… แ€ž แ€€    แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™แŠ แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ "แ€แ€…แ€›แ€แ€ž  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€žแ€ฌ

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€” แ€€   แ€š  แ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€œ แ€„  แ€ž แ€•แ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€ฑแ€œ" แ€†   แ€   แ€ฑแ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€” แ‚” แ€›แ€„ แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€”แ€„  แ€แ€”แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€”แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€ž  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€žแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€–   

 แ€… แ€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€กแ€žแ€Šแ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€ แ€€   แ€™แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€„   แ€€  แ€ฑ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€ปแ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ....

"แ€ฑแ€กแ€ธ.. แ€ž แ€• แ€œ แ€•แ€žแ€„   แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแŠ แ€ž แ€• แ€™แ€” แ€ แ€†   แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€•แ€ซ แ€ผแ€€ แ€ฌ"

  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ก แ€™ แ€€    แ€žแ€Š แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ‚”  (แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ‚”) แ€ฑแ€Šแ€”แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ€šแŠ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€ž แ€€    แ€žแ€แ€›แ€™แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ซแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€” แ€ก แ€™แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€˜แ€€ แ€€ แ€…แ€” แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แ€ผแ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€† แ€ แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€„แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€™ แ€ฌ

แ€กแ€… แ€™แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ž แ€€ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™  แ€…แ€ฌแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ผแ€•   แ€€    แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€€แ€Š แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€•แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ปแ€•แ€” แ€…แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€  แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€€  

 แ€œ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€Šแ‹

"แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€›.... แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€ž แ€   แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€žแ€™ แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€กแ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€™แ€š    แ€แ€”แ€‚แคแ€ฑแ‚แ€ผแ€ฑแ€”แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ

 แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†   แ€ธ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€†   แ€  แ€ฑแ€กแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€€   แ€ž แฟแ€• แ€ธแฟแ€• แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ"

"แ€Ÿ แ€ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€™.. แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€™แ€žแ€›แ€•แ€ซแ€œแ€ฌแ€ธแŠ แ€˜แ€šแ€žแ€”แ‚” แ€œแ€Ÿแ€„.."

"แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€™แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€แ€แ€˜ แ€ธ.. แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€  แŠ แ€กแ€„ แ€ธ.... แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ž แ‚” แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€

 แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€ปแ€„แ€„ แ€ธแ€†แ€” แ€œ   แ‚” แ€™แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„   แ€œแ€€แ€ แ€œ   แ€€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€แ€š แ€Ÿแ€ฌแŠ แ€žแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€•แ€ซแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ...."

  แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€    แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€…แ€” แ€•แ€” แ€ธแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แพแ€€แ€Š  แ€ฑแ€”แ€

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 แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚•แ€™แ€€ แ€œ   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€•แ€ซแฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€›แ€แ€ž  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€š แ€  แ‹

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€แ€… แ€žแ€” แ‚”  แ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€ผแ€  แ€  แ€›แŠ แ€ฑแ€แ€ธแ€  แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€€    แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€แ€›แ€š แ€œ   แ‚”  แ€™แ€• แ€™แ€ž แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€›แ€แ€ฌแ€•แ€ซแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚•แ€†   แ€ธแ‚  แ‚ˆ แ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆ แ€€    แ€‘แ€• แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€กแ€แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€œ   แ€€แ€žแ€œ   แ€ป แ€–แ€…แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€กแ€ผแ€ แ€€แ€ฑ  แพแ€€แ€ผแ€€   แ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ แ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

แ€แ€…แ€›แ€  แ€ž  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„  แ€† แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแŠ แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›แ€ฌแ€€    แ€กแ€†แ€„แ€ฑแ€ปแ€ฑแ€•แ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€šแ€ฑแ€œ แ€†   แ€  

 แ€€   แ€š  แ€›แ‚•แ€… แ€ แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แŠ แ€ฑแ€™ แ€ฌ แ€œแ€„  แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€žแ€Š แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€œแ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ผแ€œแ€„   แ€…แ€ฅแ€ฑแ€•แ€ฌแ€€แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แ-แ€)

แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€•แ€žแ€Š  แ€žแ€ แ€™ แ€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€„  แ€ฑแ€•แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€แ€Š แฟแ€„ แ€™ แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌแ€•แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€…แ€ฅ  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€žแ€Š

แ€’ แ€ แ€šแ€…แ€ฌแ€ก แ€• แ€€    แ€ผแ€–แ€„   แฟแ€• แ€ธแพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•    แ€แ€… แ€•   แ€•แ€ซแ€•แ‹ แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•  แ€›แ€ฑแ‚•แ€€แ€ฌแ€˜แ€€ แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€›แ€ธแ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ แ€…แ€ฌแ€€  

แ€กแ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ‚”แ€›แ€œ   แ‚” แ€–แ€ แพแ€€แ€Š   แ€œ   แ€€ แ€  แ€กแ€แ€ซแ€™ แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ....

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„..

 แ€€แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€›แ€ธ แ€‚แ‚ แ€…   แ€€ แ€•แ€ซ

แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€  แ€แ€… แ€

แ€แ€…แ€‡แ€” แ€ธ..แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€กแ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€กแ€•แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ป แ€•แ€”แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ž แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„แ€† แ€€  แ€›แฟแ€• แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€” แ‚” แ€ฑแ€กแ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€กแ€™แ€€ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€ แ€€   แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ‚” แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ฑแ€… แ€…แ€•แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€šแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

 แฟแ€• แ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ  แ€žแ€”แ‚”  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€€    แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แ€™แ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€„  แ€กแ€ปแ€™แ€”แ€†   แ€ธ แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€™แ€Šแ€†   แฟแ€• แ€ธ

 แ€€แ€ฌแ€šแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚” แ€€   แ€กแ€ž แ€ฑแ€™แ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€žแ€ธแ€˜ แ‚ แ€… แ€–แ€€แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€แ€€ แ€แ€€ แ€แ€„ แ€ธ แ€… แ€…แ€ฅ แ€œ   แ€€ แพแ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ‚” แ€€  แ€แ€… แ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚แ€„   แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€€แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€ผแ€…  แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š  แŠ แ€œ แ€•แ€˜แ€แ€™  แ€€แ€ผแฝ แ€ แ€ผแ€œ แ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š   แ€ž

 แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ‚  แ€„แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ "แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„   แ€€   แ€ž แ‚”แ€ก แ€™ แ€€ แ€กแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚” แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€•แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Š" แ€†   แ€แ€ฌแ€€   แ€แ€™แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€ฌ

แ€แ€… แ€…แ‚   แ€ธแ€€ แ€…แ€šแ€žแ€Š  แ€ฑแ€กแ€”แ€ปแ€–แ€„  แ€ฑ แ€ป แ€•แ€ฌแ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแแ‹ แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™แ€ฑแ€˜แ€ผแ€  แ€  แ€„ แ€ธแ€€แ€Š แพแ€€แ€แ€ฌแ€™   แ‚”แŠ แ€žแ‚•แ€›แ‚•แ€แ€…แ€ž  แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€”

 แ€œแ€€ แ€‘แ€• แ€‘ แ€™ แ€ธแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€™แ€‚แค แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแ€ปแ€™แ€ฌแ€€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€  แ€›แฟแ€• แ€™   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€€แ€”แ€• แฟแ€•แ€ธ แฟแ€•แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ€… แ€ธแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅแ€žแ€Š  ( )แ‚  แ€„แ€„  แ€กแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ปแ€•แ€Šแ€†  แ€„แ€›แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œแ€† แ€• แ€€    แ€†   แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€ แฟแ€• แ€ปแ€–แ€…แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ

แ€ฑแ€œแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฅ แ€™แ€ธแ แ€ฑแพแ€€แ€Šแ€ฌแ€ž แ€€   แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ž แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€™แ€Š   แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ€€  แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€›แ€” แ€ปแ€•แ€„แ€†แ€„ แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€›แ€›  แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„

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 แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€–   แ‚” แ€… แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ‚แถ  แ€ แ€ฌแ€”แ€แ€™ แ€ แ€‘แ€ฌแ€ธแฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€ปแ€–แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * *

แ€กแ€แ€” แ€ธ (แแ‚)

  แ€ฑแ‚แ€ผ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€†แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธ แ€›แ€ฌแ€žแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€€ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ปแ€•แ€ฌแ€„ แ€ธแ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแพแ€€แ€›แ€„ แ€ธแ€ปแ€–แ€„    แ€กแ€ แ€” แ€€แ€ฌแ€œแ€ž   แ€ธแ‚ แ€… แ€€  

 แ€ปแ€–แ€แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€€แ€”แ€†   แ€ธแ€ผแ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€   แฟแ€•แ€ฑแ€œแ‹ แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€”แ€žแ€Šแ‹

  แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„แ€กแ€แ€™ แ€ธแ€กแ€”แ€ฌแ€ธ แ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€•แ€”แ€    แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€›แ‚• แ€•แ€›แ€ แ€ แ€‘แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ผแ€› แ€ฌแฟแ€• แ€ธแ€œ   

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€ แ€แ€ผแ€ž แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€ฑ แ€ป แ€™แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€”แ‚”   แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€ฑ  แ€œแ€ฑแ€กแ€ แ‚” แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€žแ€„ แ€ธแ€• แ€ฑแ‚•แ€”แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€ปแ€™แ€€แ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€™ แ€ฌแ€œแ€Š แ€ธ

 แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€€แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€แ€„ แ€œ   แ‚”แŠ แ€žแ€… แ€•แ€„แ€ฑแ€•แšแ€€ แ€žแ€…แ€ผแ€› แ€€ แ€… แ€™ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€แ€† แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€™   แ€ธแ€ฑแ€›แ€…แ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€œแ€ธแ€ฑแ€ผแ€  แ€ผแ€  แ€œแ€   แ€œ   แ€ผแ€† แ€ แ€• แ‚•แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€…แ€›แ€ฌ แ€ปแ€™แ€„ แ€ผแ€€แ€„ แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€œแ‹

  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€  แ€”แ€Š แ€ธแ€œแ€™ แ€ธแ€แ€€แŠ แ€™ แ€” แ€™แ€” แ€€แ€” แ€€แ€” แ‚€แ€€แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€™แ‚ˆแ€ฑแพแ€€แ€ฌแ€„    แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€‚แ€ผแ€˜   แ‚” แ€€    แ€‘ แ€ธแ€แ€ผแฝแ€” แ€ผแ€… แ€ฌ

แ€ฑแ€กแ€ฌแ€„ แ€ปแ€™แ€„แ€›แ€›  แ€  แ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€” แ€†แ€€ แ€œแ€€ แ€œ แ€•แ‚  แ€„ แ€•แ€ซแ€›แ€” แ€žแ แ€œแ€€แ€›   แ€•แ€Šแ€ฌแ€žแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€žแ€Š   แ€แ€€แ€ž   แ€œ แ‚€แ€€ แ€ธแ€™ แ€ฌแ€•แ€„

แ€žแ€ฑแ€แ€žแ€”แ€กแ€›แ€ฌแ€›  แ€›แ€ฌแ€‘ แ€ธ (Research Ofcer) แ€กแ€œ แ€• แ€€   แ€›แ€›  แ€   แฟแ€• แ€ธ แ€™แพแ€€แ€ฌแ€แ€„ แ€œ แ€•แ€„แ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€แ€„แ€ž   แ‚” แ€แ€„แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ‹

"แ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„.. แ€˜แ€ฌแ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€…แ€ฅ แ€ธแ€…แ€ฌแ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€แ€ฌแ€œแŠ แ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€œ.. แ€Ÿ   แ€™ แ€ฌ แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€–แ€–แ€” แ‚”แ€ฑแ€ฑแ€™แ€™แ€   แ‚” แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€“แ€ฌแ€ แ€•  แ‚   แ€€ แ€–   แ‚”แ€ฑ แ€…แ€ฌแ€„  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€แ€š"

  แ€™แ€˜แ‚ แ€… แ€•แ€ซแ€ธแ€กแ€•แ€ซแ€กแ€แ€„  แ€ž แ‚”แ€กแ€… แ€™แ‚แ€„    แ€Š แ€ฑแ€™แ€œแ€ธแŠ แ€แ€…แ€‡แ€” แ€ธแ€   แ‚” แ€œแ€Š แ€ธ แ€žแ แ€ผแ€˜  แ‚”แ‚แ€„ แ€ธแ€žแ€˜แ€„ แ€แ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›แ€”

แ€ฑแ€›แ€ฌแ€€แ€›  แ€ฑแ€”แพแ€€แ€•แ€ซแ€žแ€Šแ‹ แ€แ€…แ€‡แ€” แ€ธ แ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€ แ€ฑแ€€แ€แ€ฌ แ€ป แ€™แ€” แ€™แ€ฌแ€ปแ€•แ€Š แ€ป แ€•แ€” แ€™แ€œ   แ€€แ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€˜  แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ‚แ€„  

แ€กแ€แ€ฑแ€”แ€›แ€…แ€  แ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€ฌแ€šแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€žแ€ฌ แ€ก แ€™แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€   แ‚ แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€แ€กแ€ แ€…แ€แ€„ แ€แ€Šแ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„ แพแ€€แ€ฑแ€›แ€แ€ฌ แ€™แ€Šแ‹

  แ€กแ€แ€†    แ€ž แ‚”แ€›แ‚•แ€˜แ€แ€œแ€€ แ€ผแ€แ€ฑแ€–แ€ฌ  แ€แ€…แ€‡แ€” แ€ธแ€™แ€ฌแ€œแ€ฌแ€ฑแ€™แ€ฌแ€„แ€”แ‚”แ€กแ€  แ€แ€… แ€ปแ€แ€„ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€™แ€ แ€ฌแ€€    แ€ฑแ€กแ€ปแ€แ€ แ€  

 แ€™แ€žแ€ฌแ€ธแ€… แ€แ€…แ€ แ€€    แ€‘แ€ฑแ€‘แ€ฌแ€„แ€›แฟแ€• แ€™   แ‚”  แ€ฑแ€›แ‚•แ€†แ€€แ€›แ€™แ€Š      แ€˜แ€แ€แ€› แ€ธแ€€  แ€ฑแ€ผแ€ แ€ธแ€›แ€„ แ€ธ แ€žแ€” แ€ธแ€ผแ€‘แ€” แ€ธแ€แ€…แ€ฑแ€šแ€ฌแ€€

แ€ฑแ€€แ€”แ€• แพแ€€แ€Šแ‚ แ€ธแ€ฑแ€”แ€™ แ€•แ€ซแ€ฑแ€แ€ฌแ€žแ€Šแ‹

  * * * * * Eureka

Page 199: MCM Journal Volume 8

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Desig - Gold Dust 

Proof Reading - thanthannaing