Government Engineering College,

Bhavnagar.

Uploded by : Mayank OzaMaterials of Sewer

Brick •This Material is used particularly for construction of large diameter combined sewer or particularly for storm water drains. • Advantage-

Can be constructed to any required shape and size • Disadvantage-

higher cost Slow work progress Larger space requirement

• To prevent ground water infiltration

The pipe are plaster outside surface with mortar using sulphate resistant cement to Avoid entry of tree roots and ground water through brick joits.

Inside surface mortar + high alumina cement or polyurea coating.

Concrete • Advantages

– Relative ease with which required strength may be provided

– Wide range of pipe sizes

– Rapid trench backfill • Disadvantages

– crown corrosion by sulphide gas

– mid depth water line corrosion by sulphate

– outside deterioration by sulphate from soil water

PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE OR REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

•Strong in tension as well as compression.

•Resistant to erosion and abrasion.

•They can be made of any desired strength.

•The carrying capacity of the pipe reduces with time because of corrosion.

Precast concrete• Commonly used for branch and main sewers • Two types

– Non-pressure pipes • used for gravity flow (sewers running partially full) • Plain (I.D. 80mm-450mm; thickness: 25mm-35mm) • Reinforced (I.D. 80mm-2600mm; thickness: 25mm-215mm)

– Pressure pipes • used for force mains, submerged outfalls, inverted siphons and for gravity sewers where absolute water-tight joints are required. • Reinforced (I.D. 80mm-1200mm; thickness: 25mm-120mm) • Length : 2-3m • These pipes have plain ends or spigot and socket ends.

Stoneware or Vitrified Clay• These pipes are used for house connection as well as lateral sewers.

•The size of the pipe available is 5cm to 30cm internal diameter with length 0.9 to 1.2m.

• Skilled labour required for caulking the joints with yarn soaked in cement mortar and packing in the spigot and socket joints

ADVANTAGES

•Resistant to corrosion ,hence fit for carrying polluted water such as sewage.

•Interior surface is smooth and is hydraulically efficient.

•The pipes are highly Impervious.

•Strong in compression.

DISADVANTAGES

•Heavy,bulky and brittle and hence ,difficult to transport.

•These pipes cannot be used as pressure pipes,because they are weak in tension.

•These require large number of joints.

Asbestos Cement• usually used in sizes ranging from 80 mm to 1000 mm in diameter • Advantages

– Non corrosiveness to most natural soil conditions, .– good flow

characteristics, – light weight, – ease in cutting, drilling and fitting with specials, – ease of handling, – tight joints and – quick laying and backfilling are to be considered

• Disadvantages – subject to corrosion by acids, highly septic sewage and by highly

acidic or high sulphate soils – Cannot stand high super imposed loads and may be broken

easily

Cast Iron • Available in diameters from 80 mm to 1050 mm and are covered with protective coatings • supplied in 3.66 m and 5.5 m length. • Classified as LA, A and B according to their thickness.

• Application: Cast iron pipes with a

variety of jointing methods are used for pressure sewers, sewers above ground surface, submerged outfalls, piping in sewage treatment plants and occasionally on gravity sewers where absolutely water-tight joints are essential or where special considerations require their use.

• Advantage: long laying lengths with tight joints, ability when properly designed to withstand relatively high internal pressure and external loads and corrosion resistance in most natural soils.

• Disadvantage: – corrosion by acids or highly septic sewage

and acidic soils

• Inside coating shall be by Cement mortar and outer coating shall be coal tar

Steel• Pressure sewer mains, under water river crossings, bridge crossings, necessary connections for pumping stations, self-supporting spans, railway crossing and penstocks are some of the situations where steel pipes are preferred • Advantages

– withstand internal pressure, impact load and vibrations much better than CI pipe.

– more ductile and withstand water hammer better. • Disadvantage

– cannot withstand high external load – main is likely to collapse when it is subjected to

negative pressure – susceptible to various types of corrosion

• Inside coating by high alumina cement mortar or polyurea and outside by epoxy.

Ductile Iron Pipes• made by a metallurgical process, which involves the addition of magnesium into molten iron of low sulphur content. • The ductile iron pipes are usually provided with cement mortar lining at the factory by centrifugal process to ensure a uniform thickness throughout its length • available in the range of 80 mm to 1000 mm diameter, in lengths of 5.5 to 6 m • Advantages

– excellent properties of machinability, – impact resistance, – high wear and tear resistance, – high tensile strength and ductility – corrosion resistance. – strong, both inner and outer surfaces are smooth, – These pipes are approximately 30 % lighter than

conventional cast iron pipes UPVC Pipe (unplasticized polyvinylchloride )

– resistance to corrosion, – light weight for

transportation, – toughness, rigidity, – economical in laying,

jointing, and maintenance and – easy to fabricate .

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes• Advantages

– Offer smooth interior surfaces and

– relatively higher resistance to corrosion

– they are available in solid wall

– When laid in straight gradients without depressions, they can easily offer longer life cycle • Joints are usually fusion welded or flange jointed depending on straight runs fittings.

Plastic Sewers (PVC Pipes)Plastic is recent material used for sewer pipes. These are Used for internal drainage works in house.

These are available in size 75 to 315 mm external diameter and used in drainage works.

They offer smooth internal surface.

The additional advantages they offer are resistant to corrosion,Light weight of pipe,economical in laying.

Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipes

This martial is widely used where corrosion resistant pipes are required.

Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) can be used as a lining material for conventional pipes to protect from internal or external corrosion. It is made from the composite matrix of glass fiber, polyester resin and fillers.

These pipes have better strength, durability, high tensile strength, low density and high corrosion resistance.

These are manufactured up to 2.4 m diameter and up to 18 m length (IS:12709-1989).

Lead Sewers

They are smooth, soft and can take odd shapes.

This pipe has an ability to resist sulphide corrosion.

However, these pipes are very costly.

These are used in house connection.

Thank You