Mapping UK Sea Space
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Transcript of Mapping UK Sea Space
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Mapping UK Sea SpaceMapping UK Sea Space
J h PJohn Pepper
Principal Consultant
John Pepper Consultancy Ltd
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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A Few Facts…Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is
covered by water but less than 1% has
been seen or explored by humans
Globally, only 10% of coastal states
have more than 50% of waters
(depth < 200m) surveyed to modern
standards
Demand for knowledge of our seas
outstrips the ability of Nations to
capture and map the information!
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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Historic perspectiveHistoric perspective• Reliance on paper charting to represent• Reliance on paper charting to represent
the real world
• Accuracy and precision a challenge
• Limited understanding of oceans
• Lack of source information
• Selected detail shown (<5%)• Selected detail shown (<5%)
• Cartographic interpretation
• Served the mariner well over time
But things are changing and fast!…
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Why do we need a map?y p• Charts represent an interpretation of the
l ld d f freal world to aid safety of navigation
• Increasing use of the seabed ‐ bottomIncreasing use of the seabed bottom trawling, hydrocarbon extraction, sand and gravel extraction, cable and pipelineand gravel extraction, cable and pipeline laying, wind and wave power generation (Asset Management)(Asset Management)
• Spatial planning requires a sound base‐bi i fl hmap combining seafloor topography,
geology and habitat information (D i i M ki )(Decision Making)
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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THE CHALLENGE SOURCE FROM PRODUCTTHE CHALLENGE – SOURCE FROM PRODUCT
Source: GB ENC Source: SeaZone HydroSpatial
For many feature types the paper chart is the only source and is not legitimate
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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Areas to be mappedpp• Coastal zone ‐ from the shore to the 12 nautical mile limit Complex and expensive to map needmile limit. Complex and expensive to map ‐ need small boats, hovercraft, aircraft. Most data available but with gapsavailable but with gaps
• Shelf ‐ from the coastal zone to the shelf edge. An area of high activity (fisheries minerals)An area of high activity (fisheries, minerals). Some data exists but not all is available
• Deep sea beyond the shelf edge to the• Deep‐sea ‐ beyond the shelf edge to the territorial limit. An area of increasing exploitation of oil, gas and fish. Easier and p , gcheaper to map than other areas but little available for non military mapping
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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Example of what can be achieved from a specific Mapping Projectpp g j
Images courtesy of Federal State f M i USAof Maine; USA
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Technological Developmentsg p• Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC’s)
• High Resolution Digital Survey Bathymetry (Multibeam & LiDAR)
• “Ping to Chart” Technology
• Visualisation tools – Augmented Reality
• Global Geospatial Data standards (ISO/OGC /S‐100)
R l Ti O Ob i S (• Real Time Ocean Observing Systems (e.g. GOOS)
• Data storage and processing power• Data storage and processing power
• Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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Civil Hydrographic Programme /Chart Data – Orkney Islands
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Legislative DriversLegislative Drivers o EU and UK Marine Legislation
• Marine Conservation & Governance
• Marine Spatial Planning
• Marine Management Organisation / Marine• Marine Management Organisation / Marine Scotland
– Fisheries management
– Commercial development
– Climate Change
– Habitatsab tats
• Flooding
• Water Quality
• Emergency Planning & Response / Disaster Mitigation
… to achieve clean, safe, healthy, productive and biologically diverse oceans
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Governance Drivers • Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in Europe (INSPIRE)– Metadata
– Data Sharing & Exchange
– Interoperability
– Network Services
– Monitoring
• UK Location Programme• UK Location Programme– we know what data we have, and avoid
duplicating it
f d t– we use common reference data
– we can share location‐related information
– we have the appropriate skills among geographic professionals and those who usegeographic professionals and those who use location information
– we have strong leadership and governance to drive through changeg g
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R d l i i &Recent developments in mapping & visualising the marine environmentvisualising the marine environment
Coastal Mapping and Analysis
Land‐Sea Interoperabilityp y
Digital Terrain Modelling
Deep Ocean MappingDeep Ocean Mapping
Land‐Sea DEM’s
Smart Processes – Data Capture to Output Delivery
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Coastal MappingCoastal Mapping• Spatial Planning
• Flooding and Inundation
• Shore‐line management plans (SMP’s)
• Safety of Life / Emergency Response
• Shoreline development
• Leisure activities
• Commercial activities (e.g. dredging)( g g g)
• Renewable Energy
• Ports and Harbours
• Beach Profiling
• LandscapeLandscape
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Land Use
Source: Defra Irish Sea Pilot project ‐ 2006
Economic activity in the Irish Sea and coastal hinterland
Land Use
Tourism
Oil &GOil &Gas
Mariculture
Coastal DefencePorts &Ports &NavigationMilitary A i i iActivities
CultureC tiConservationDredging & DisposalpSubmarineCables
Fishing RenewableEnergy
MarineRecreation
MineralExtraction
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Seabed Character and Bed Form Mapping
BGS/UKHO/SeaZone
Pilot Area
completed end 2008
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To create a map like thismap like this
Rock
Featureless Sand
Sand waves
Sand wave crest lines
Sand and gravel
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MAPS4ALL™ ‐ Where we are now!
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Where we are with a 5m rise in Sea Level
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Combined LiDAR ‐Imagery Coastal Zone oblique of the Scilly Isles‐courtesy of the Environment Agency
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Combined coastal Topo‐Bathy LiDARimage of Watchet, Somerset ‐courtesy of Environment Agency
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Combined estuarine LiDAR, Bathy and aerial imagery DEM of Rivers Taw and Torridge courtesy of the Environment Agency
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Mounts Bay Coastal beach profile mapping to monitor sediment transport
Image courtesy of NetSurvey Ltd
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Surface Model of Eastern Solent based on Digital Survey Bathymetry
Source: SeaZone Solutions: 2006
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DORIS project bathymetric surveyDORIS project bathymetric survey
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Offshore Renewable Capacity Report
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Offshore Renewable Capacity Report
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Ocean MappingOcean Mapping• Safety of Life / Emergency Response• Safety of Life / Emergency Response
• Risk Modelling and mitigation
• Climate Change
• Defence (sub‐marine)
• Hydrocarbons extraction (e.g. Gulf of Mexico)
• Physical Oceanography (e.g. salinity, light attenuation)
• Global Observing Systems
• Seismology• Seismology
• Habitat & Ecosystem Mapping
• Geophysics and Geomorphology
• Deep water infrastructure (e.g.Cables)
• Research & Development
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Deep Ocean Mapping
The Arctic Ocean
The “Darwin Mounds”
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Deep ocean DEM showing fault lines
Courtesy of the Royal Navy
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Channel and ridgeChannel and ridge
D O A l i f DEMDeep Ocean Analysis from DEMCourtesy of the Royal Navy
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MBES Wreck investigationMBES Wreck investigation
HMS REPULSE
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Habitat Mapping using AUV’s/ ROV’sHabitat Mapping using AUV s/ ROV s
• Wide area data sets (multibeam bathymetry Images courtesy of NOC• Wide-area data sets (multibeam bathymetry
and/or sidescan sonar data) for biotic environment
Images courtesy of NOC
• Point- or line-based information (e.g. photo/
video data, seabed samples) for ‘ground-truthing’ of Untouched and trawled Lophelia‐reefs
the substrate and biological information
• A prerequisite for all scientific seabed studies and
an essential tool for the management and
assessment of human impacts
Images courtesy of JNCC ‐ 2010
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Software requirements for bringing land and sea data together
• Hydro data is +ve down, Topo data is +ve up
f d b bl h dl hi
sea data together
– Software needs to be able to handle this
• Land and Sea data is often referenced to different coordinate systemscoordinate systems– Vertical = MSL for Land, LAT for Sea– DEM’s therefore need to be shifted (VORF, VDATUM, ASCII)( )– Or stored in reference to the Ellipsoid– Lat & Long versus OSGB36
• Sea to Shore models need to be created to resolve data gaps in the surf zone
• DEM’s need to be combined– For seamless examination and analysis
To derive continuous vector features e g contours– To derive continuous vector features e.g. contours
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2 Import Sea Data1 Import Land Data
Topo-Bathy DEM Process (1)
2. Import Sea Data1. Import Land Data
3. Create TIN 4. Interpolate Surfaces from TIN
Images courtesy of CARIS
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5. Perform Datum Shift 6. Combine DEM’s
Topo‐Bathy DEM Process (2)
7. Create Contours 8. Interrogate in 3D
Images courtesy of CARIS
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• 90% of Ireland is under the sea
• 80% of UK is under the sea
SSo…
“Wh i 75% f UK ill“Why is 75% of UK sea space still not mapped?”not mapped?
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010
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Thank You
Any Questions
www.johnpepperconsultancy.com
BCS Symposium 11th June 2010