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à H$a U n mMd oà H$a U n mMd oà H$a U n mMd oà H$a U n mMd o

g m am §e , { Z îH $f© d { eg m am §e , { Z îH $f© d { eg m am §e , { Z îH $f© d { eg m am §e , { Z îH $f© d { e \\\\ $m a e r$m a e r$m a e r$m a e r 5 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 1 gm agm agm agm a m§em§em§em§e

_mZdr OrdZmMm {dH $m g hm {ejUmV yZ hmoV mo . {ejU ho gd©ì` mnr A gë` m_wio OrdZmV rb gm_m{OH$, amOH $s` , Ym{_©H$, A m{W©H$, gm§ñH¥ ${V H$ d {ejU{df ` H$ {d{dY A §J m§Mm g_mdoe {ejU ` m g§H$ënZoV Pmbobm A mho . {ejUmMo à_wI Ü` o` åhUOo ì` º $sMm {Ì{dY {dH$mg H$aUo . hm {dH$mg hmoUo A mdí` H$ A mho . H$moUË ` mhr g_mOmMm X Om© Ë ` m g_mOmbm {_i Um è` m {ejUmda A db§~yZ A gV mo . CƒñV a g_mO, Ë ` mMm {ejU K oÊ` mMm H$mbmdYr _moR > m A gV mo . {ejUmV g§ñH¥ $V r g§ajU, g§dY©Z A m{U g§H«$_U H$aÊ` mMo H$m_ H$amdo b mJ V o . _mÜ` {_H$ {ejUmMm H$mbmdYr hm _hÎd mMm A mho . ` mM H$mbmdYrV _wbm§Mm {d{dY J moï > tH$S > o nmhÊ` mMm Ñ{ï> H$moZ V ` ma hmoV mo . _Z , eara, ~wÓr, g§doXZm, ^mdZm, OrdZ_yë` o ` m§Mr OmUrd ` mM {ejUmV yZ hmoV A gV o .

{ejUmH$S y > Z g_mOmÀ` m A no jm dmT > V AgV mV . g_mOmÀ` m J aOm nyU © H$aÊ` mgmR > r {ejUm{ e dm` V aUmonm` Zmhr. _mÌ gm_m{ OH$ g_ ñ` o_wio d A m{W©H$ g_ñ` o_wio A ZoH$ {ejU{df ` H$ ` moOZm A S > MUrV ` oV mV . CXm. bmoH$g§» ` m

bmoH$g§» ` oMm àñ\$moQ > Pmbm A mho . gd©M joÌmV OrdK oUr ñ nYm© gwê $ A mho . A mnë` m joÌmV hr ñn Ym© gwê $M A mho . _m Ì V wbZoZo {ejH$ hmoUo gmono A gë` m_wio {ejH$s ì` dgm` ñdrH$maÊ` mg BÀ Nw > H$ A gUmè` m§Mr g§»` m Iyn _moR > r A mho . Ë ` mVyZ à{ejU d ZmoH$a r ` m§Mm g§~§ Y Zmhr V a Ë ` mH$S > o \$º $ kmZmË _H$ nmV irda nmhUo A mdí` H$ A mho Ago H$m` XoeraÑî Q > çm {ZpíMV Pmë` mZo {ejUem ó _hm{dÚmb` m§Mr g§» ` m {Xdg|{Xdg dmT > V A mho . Ë ` mV yZ AZoH$Xm J wUdÎmm ZgV mZm {ejH$ hmoV A gV mZmMo {MÌ {XgV A mho . hdr V r ZmoH$ar Z {_ imë` m_wio ` m ì` dgm`mV A mbobo bmoH$ g_mYmZr A gV rbM A go Zmhr. nU g_mOm À` m J aOm nyU© H$aÊ` mgmR > r H$V ©ì`Xj, g j_ d n[a Um_H$maH $ {ejH$mMr J aO ^mgUma A mho . A Ü` mnZ g j_

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d n[ aUm_H $maH$ hmoÊ` mgmR > r A gm {ejH$ {Z_m© U H$ aV m A mbm nm{hOo V aM V mo {dÚmÏ` mªÀ` m_Ü` o {dH$mgerb A gm ~Xb K S >dyZ A mUy eH$V mo .

"Tell me what you are like and dislike and I will tell you what you are."

åhUyZ H$moUV ohr H$m_ ñ drH$maV mZm Ë ` mZo Ë ` mÀ`m A mdS > rZo ñdrH$mabo nm{hOo . A go H$m_ H$aV mZm V mo A mZ§Xr, gwIr d g_mYmZr A gV mo . åhUyZ ñdV :Mo H$m_ CË gmhmZo H$arb V goM V mo _wbm§À` m gwá JwUm§Zm dmd XoÊ` mMm à` ËZ H$arb.

_mÜ` {_H$ emim§_Ü` o A ZoH$ A mìhmZm§Zm gm_moao OmÊ` mgmR > r Ë ` mMo ì` {º $_Îd CÎm_ hdo . CÎm_ ì` {º $_ÎdmMm {dÚmÏ` mªÀ` m A Ü`` Zmda à^md nS > V mo . VgoM V mo A Ü` mnZmV g j_ hdm. V a Ë` mMo A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H $maH$ hmoB©b. ho gd© hmoÊ` mgmR > r {ejH$mbm ì` dgm` g_mYmZ hdo . ` m gd© J moï >r nS > V miyZ nmhÊ` mgmR > r g§emo YH$mZo àñV wV g_ñ` m {ZdS > bobr A mho .

5 . 1. 25 . 1. 25 . 1. 25 . 1. 2 g§emo YZ g_ñ` m e rf ©H$g§emo YZ g_ñ` m e rf ©H$g§emo YZ g_ñ` m e rf ©H$g§emo YZ g_ñ` m e rf ©H$

""gm§J br {OëømV rb dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ gj_V m, n[aUm_H$m aH$V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mm ghg§~§ YmË _H$ Aä` mg .''

5 . 1. 35 . 1. 35 . 1. 35 . 1. 3 _hÎd mÀ` m g§km§ À` m ì` m» ` m_hÎd mÀ` m g§km§ À` m ì` m» ` m_hÎd mÀ` m g§km§ À` m ì` m» ` m_hÎd mÀ` m g§km§ À` m ì` m» ` m

1 .1 .1 .1 . _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $_m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $_m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $_m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $

dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb B. 5 dr V o B. 1 0 dr n` ªV À` m dJ m©bm A Ü` mnZ H$aUm ar ì` º $s.

2 .2 .2 .2 . ì` {º $ _Îdì` {º $ _Îdì` {º $ _Îdì` {º $ _Îd

eara aMZm, dV ©Z{deof, H¥ ${V j_V m, A {^d¥Îmr, A mË _{dídmg , {ZU©` eº $s, gO©ZerbV m, gmhg` wº $ O~m~Xmar, emar[aH $ d _mZ{gH$ ñdm ñW, g_m` moOZ j_V m d Xwgè` mda N > mn nmS > Ê` mMr eº $s.

3 .3 .3 .3 . g j_V mg j_V mg j_V mg j_V m

{dÚmÏ` m©§Mo Mm§J bo A Ü` ` Z hmoÊ` mgmR> r {ejH$m§À` m A §J r A gmì`m bmJ Umè` m {dd{jV nmV irn` ªV À` m j_V m.

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4 .4 .4 .4 . n [ aUm _H$m an [ aUm _H$m an [ aUm _H$m an [ aUm _H$m a H $ A Ü` mnZH $ A Ü` mnZH $ A Ü` mnZH $ A Ü` mnZ

Oo A Ü` mnZ {dÚmÏ` mªÀ` m_Ü` o {eH$Ê` m~Ôb A mdS > {Z_m©U H$aV o , A Ü` ` Zmg MmbZm XoV o, g_ñ` m§Zm V m|S > XoÊ` mg àd¥Îm H$aV o d dJ m©V rb A m§V a{H« $` m ` mo½` àH$mao K S > dyZ A mUV o A m{U {df ` A mH$bZmg Á` m_wio gmonm OmV mo A em A Ü` mnZmbm n[a Um_H$maH $ A Ü` mnZ åhUV mV .

5 .5 .5 .5 . ìììì ` dgm` g_m YmZ` dgm` g_m YmZ` dgm` g_m YmZ` dgm` g_m YmZ

ì` º $s H$arV A gboë` m H$m_m_Ü` o A m{U V o Wr b _mZdr d ^m¡{V H$ n[ap ñWV r~m~V {V bm g _mYmZ d A mZ§X dmQ > V A gob V a Ë ` mbm ì` dgm` g_mYmZ åhUV mV .

6 .6 .6 .6 . _m Ü` {_H $ emim_m Ü` {_H $ emim_m Ü` {_H $ emim_m Ü` {_H $ emim

dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb B. 5 dr V o B. 10 dr qH $dm B. 8 dr V o B. 10 dr n` ªV Mo dJ © A gUmar emim.

7 .7 .7 .7 . I mI mI mI m OJ r emimOJ r emimOJ r emimOJ r emim

Á` m _mÜ` {_H$ emim§Mo ì` dñWmnZ Im OJ r {e jU g§ñWo_m\© $V Ho $b o OmV o A em dmidm V mbwŠ` mV rb emim.

8 .8 .8 .8 . X rK © A Zw ^dr {ej H$X rK © A Zw ^dr {ej H$X rK © A Zw ^dr {ej H$X rK © A Zw ^dr {ej H$

dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb Á` m _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mm A Ü` mnZ AZw ^d 5 df m©no jm OmñV A mho A go {ejH$.

9 .9 .9 .9 . A ë n A Zw ^dr { ejH $A ë n A Zw ^dr { ejH $A ë n A Zw ^dr { ejH $A ë n A Zw ^dr { ejH $

dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb Á` m _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mm A Ü` mnZ AZw ^d 5 df m©no jm H$_r A mho Ago {ejH$.

5 . 1. 45 . 1. 45 . 1. 45 . 1. 4 g§emo YZmMr C{Ôï > og§emo YZmMr C{Ôï > og§emo YZmMr C{Ôï > og§emo YZmMr C{Ôï > o

1. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m ì` {º $_ÎdmMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

2. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_V oMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

3. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$ V oMm Aä` mg H$aUo .

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4. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

5. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§Mm ghg§~§ YmË _H$ Aä` mg H$aUo .

6. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$mMo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ n[ aUm_H$m aH$V m ` m§Mm ghg§~§ YmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

7. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$mMo ì ` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mm ghg§~§ Y emo YUo .

8. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V oMm ghg§~§Y emo YUo .

9. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm ghg§~§ Y emoYUo .

10. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$V oMm d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm ghg§~§ Y emoYUo .

11. A Zw ^dr d A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À ` m ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V oMm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

12. A Zw ^dr d A ën A Zw dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH $m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_V oMm d A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V oMm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

13. A Zw ^dr d A ën A Zw dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH $m§À` m A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V oMm d ì`dgm` g_mYmZmMm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

14. A Zw ^dr d A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À ` m g j_V oMm d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

15. A Zw ^dr d A ën A Zw dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH $ m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d n[aUm_H $maH $V m ` m§Mm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

16. A Zw ^dr d A ën A Zw dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH $ m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

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5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1. 5555 g§emo YZmÀ` m n[ aH$ ënZ mg§emo YZmÀ` m n[ aH$ ënZ mg§emo YZmÀ` m n[ aH$ ënZ mg§emo YZmÀ` m n[ aH$ ënZ m

1. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd A m{U A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` m_Ü` o ghg§~§ Y A gV Zmhr.

2. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m A m{U n[aUm_H $maH$V m ` m_Ü` o ghg§~§ Y Zmhr

3. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$ mÀ` m g j_ A Ü` mnZmMm d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm ghg§~§ Y ZgV mo .

4. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$mMo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d n[a Um_H$maH $ A Ü` mnZ ` m§Mm ghg§~§ Y ZgV mo .

5. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$mMo ì` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm ghg§~§ Y ZgV mo .

6. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` { º $_Îd, g j_ A Ü` mnZ , n[a Um_H$m aH$ A Ü` mnZ A m{U ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§À` m_Ü` o ghg§~§ Y ZgV mo .

5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1. 6666 g§emo YZmMr J a Og§emo YZmMr J a Og§emo YZmMr J a Og§emo YZmMr J a O

g§emo YH$ dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb {ejH$-à{ejU _hm{dÚm b` m_Ü` o 20 df m©nmgyZ d[að > àmÜ` mnH$ åhUyZ H$m_ H$ arV A mho . {ejH$-à{ejU _hm{dÚmb` mV H$m_ H$a rV A gV mZm XaamoO nmR > {ZarjUmgmR > r emioV Omdo bmJ V o . Ë ` mdoir A ZoH$ _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$, {e{j H$m ` m§À` mer OdiMm g§~§ Y A mbm. Ë ` mÀ` mer MMm© Ho $ë` mZ§V a A go bjmV Ambo H$s, H$mhr {ejH$ no emMr A mdS > A mho åhUyZ ` m noemV A mbo . A ZoH$OU XwgarH$S > o H$moR > o O_bo Zmhr åhUyZ ` m noemV A mbo . H$mhr {ejH$m§À` m K aMr M g§ñWm A mho V oìhm ~r. ES ² > . H$ê $Z A mnë` mM g§ñWoV _mbH$ åhUyZ BV am§H$S y > Z H$m_ H$adyZ K oUo gmono hmoV o . H$mhr {ejH$ ` mbm n { dÌ noem _mZyZ V Z -_ZmZo H$m_ H$aV mZm {X gbo . _mÌ H$mhr {ejH$ H$m_ H$am` Mo åhUyZ H$aV mV . emioV rb H$moUË ` mM H¥ $V rV V o V i_irZo ^mJ K oV ZgV mV . \$º $ nmQ > çm Q > mH$Ê`mMo H$m_ H$aV mV .

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_mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$mMo ì` {º $_Îd Mm§J bo hdo . ì`{º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV rb nañn ag§~§ Y H$gm A mho ? EZ . gr. Q > r. B© . Zo {Xboë` m j_V m {ejH$mZo {H$V nV gmÜ` Ho $boë` m A mhoV ? VgoM Ë ` mMo A Ü` mnZ g j_ d n[a Um_H$maH $ A mho H$m` ? ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm _H$maH $V oMm H$moUV m g§~§ Y A mho ? V mo ì` dgm` mV {H$V nV g_mYmZr A mho ? ` m Mmahr ~m~tMm (K Q > H$m§Mm) nañnag§~§ Y n mhÊ` mgmR > r g§emo YH$mZo hr g_ñ` m {ZdS> bobr A mho.

5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1. 7777 g§emo YZmMo _hÎdg§emo YZmMo _hÎdg§emo YZmMo _hÎdg§emo YZmMo _hÎd

` m g§emo YZmMm Cn` mo J _mÜ` {_H$ emim§Mo _w» ` mÜ` mnH$ V goM àmMm` mªZm hmoB©b. A mnë` m emioV rb {ejH$, g_mO, amï ´ > , A m§V aamï ´ > r` ñV amdarb {d ÚmWu {dH$mg H$aÊ` mgmR > r ` mo½` ì` {º $_ÎdmMo A mhoV H$m` ? A mOÀ` m ñnY}À` m OJ mV V mo g j_ A m{U n[a Um_H$maH $ A mho H$m` ? Ë ` mbm ì` dgm` g_mYmZ A mho H$m` ? V mo A Ü` mnZ g j_nUo H$aV mo H$m` ? ho OmUyZ K oD$Z Ë` mda Cnm` ` moOÊ` mgmR> r gXaMo g§emo YZ Cn` moJ r nS > ob.

` m g§emo YZmMm Cn` moJ _mÜ` {_H$ emim§Mo g§ñWmMmbH$, ì` dñWmnZ d àemgZ nmhUmè` m ì` º $s¨Zm hmoB©b. emioMr àJ V r, {dÚmWu J wU dÎmm hr {ejH$m§À` m j_V m d J wUdÎmoda A db§~yZ A gV o .

` m g§emo YZmMm Cn` moJ {ejUV Ákm§Zm A ä` mgH«$_mMr aMZm H$aV mZm d A ä` mgH« $_mMr C{Ôï > o R > a{dÊ` mgmR > r hmoB©b.

` m g§emo YZmMm Cn` moJ {ejH$-à{ejU _hm{dÚmb` mV rb d {dÚmb` mV rb A {Yì` m» ` mË` m§Zm hmoB©b. V goM {ejU joÌm_Yrb Y moaU R > a{dUmè` m§Zm, godm§VJ ©V à{ejU XoUmè` m g§ñW m, amï ´ >r` e¡ j{UH$ {Z` moOZ d àemgZ g§ñWm, H| $Ðr` _mÜ` {_H$ {ejU _§S > i, nmR > çnwñV H$ {Z{_©V r d A ä` mgH« $_ g§emo YZ _§S > i d amÁ` nmV irdarb g§ñWm d _§S > io ` m§Zm ` m g§emo YZmMm Cn` moJ hmoB©b.

5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1. 8888 g§emo YZmMr ì` márg§emo YZmMr ì` márg§emo YZmMr ì` márg§emo YZmMr ì` már

g§emo YH$mZo gm§J br {OëømV rb dmidm V m bwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mm g§emo YZm_Ü` o g_mdoe Ho $bobm A mho . dmidm V mbwŠ `mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, n[aUm_H$m aH$V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m Mmahr K Q > H$m§À` m nañna g§~§ YmMm {dMma Ho $bobm A mho .

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g§emo YH$mZo A mnë` m g§emo YZmV dmidm V mbwŠ` mV rb gd© A ZwXm{ZV d {dZmA ZwXm{ZV _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mm g_mdoe Ho $bobm A mho .V goM EZ . gr. Q > r. B© . Zo {Xboë` m 10 g j_V m joÌmn¡H$s dJ m© Ü` mnZmer g§~§{YV g j_V oMm {dMma Ho $bobm A mho .

A mnë` m g§emo YZmV gd© _amR > r _mÜ` _m§À` m _mÜ` {_H$ emim§Mm g_mdoe Ho $bobm A mho .

{ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H $maH$V o_Ü` o e¡ j{UH$ d ì` mdgm{` H$ nmÌV m, A Ü` mnZ j_Vm, A Ü` mnZ gw{dYm, A Ü` ` Z d A Ü` mnZ nyaH$ gm{hË ` , {df` kmZ , embo` n[aga, _mZdr K Q > H$mVrb ghg§~§ Y, ì` dgm` {Zð > m d A Ü` mnZmV rb H$mhr gd` r ` m ~m~tMm {dMma Ho$bm A mho .

{ejH$m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZmV H$m_mMo ñ dê $n, nJ ma, ñW¡` © , ~T > V rÀ` m g§ Yr, g§ñWoMo {Z` moOZ d g§ñWoMo YmoaUm{df ` rMo g_m YmZ , H$m_ H$a Ê` m{df ` rMo H$_©Mmè` m§Zm ñdmV §Í` d A {YH$ma ` m§Mm {dMma g§emo Y H$mZo Ho $bm A mho .

àñV wV g§emo YZmV g§emo YH$mZo ì` {º $_Îdmda n[aU m_ H$aUm è` m K Q > H$m§Mm {dMma Ho $bobm A mho .

5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1.5 . 1. 9999 g§emo YZmÀ` m _` m© Xmg§emo YZmÀ` m _` m© Xmg§emo YZmÀ` m _` m© Xmg§emo YZmÀ` m _` m© Xm

1. g§emo YH$mMo g§emo YZ ho Ho $di dmidm V mbwŠ ` mnwaV oM _` m©{XV A mho .

2. gXaMo g§emo YZ dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _amR > r _mÜ` _mV yZ A Ü` mnZ H$aUmè` m {ej H$m§nwaV oM _` m©{XV A mho .

3. àñV wV g§emo YZ ho _mÜ` {_H$ ñV amnwaV oM _` m©{XV Amho .

4. àñV wV g§emo YZ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, n[a Um_H$maH $V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmnwaV oM _` m©{XV A mho .

5. àñV wV g§emo YZmV {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ H$ m H$_r A mho ? ` m H$maUm§Mm {dMma H$aU ma Zmhr.

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6. àñV wV g§emo YZm_Ü` o g§emo YH$mZo EZ . gr. Q > r. B© . Zo {Xboë` m 10 g j_V m joÌm§n¡H$s "" dJ m© Ü` mnZ '' (Classroom Teaching) ` m g j_V m joÌmMmM {dMma Ho $bobm A mho . BV a j_V m§Mm {dMma Ho $bobm Zmhr.

7. àñV wV g§emo YZmV g§emoYH$ _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH $m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V oda H$m¡Q w > §{~H$ K Q > H$m§Mm n[a Um_ hmoV A gob V a Ë` mMm {dMma H$aUma Zmhr .

8. àñV wV g§emo YZmV dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb B§J «Or d CXy© _mÜ` _m§À` m emim§Mm {dMma H$aUma Z mhr.

9. g§emo YH$ ì` {º $_Îdm_Ü` o earaaMZm, O¡{dH$ ag m` Zo , {d{dY j_V m, Hw $Q w> w >§~, emim, g_mO, ^m¡J mo{bH$ n[apñWV r, {_Ì n[adm a B. K Q > H$m§Mm {dMma H$aUma A m ho . _mÌ {df _ g_m` moOZÀ` m H$maUm§Mm {dMma H$aUm a Zmhr.

5 . 25 . 25 . 25 . 2 g§~§{ YVg§~§{ YVg§~§{ YVg§~§{ YV gm{hË ` mMm A mT >md m d g§emo YZmMo _h Îd gm{hË ` mMm A mT >md m d g§emo YZmMo _h Îd gm{hË ` mMm A mT >md m d g§emo YZmMo _h Îd gm{hË ` mMm A mT >md m d g§emo YZmMo _h Îd

g§emo YZ à{H« $` oMo _hÎdmMo A§J åhUOo g§~§{YV gm{hË ` mMm A mT > mdm hmo` . g§emo YH$mZo g§~§{YV gm{hË ` mMm A mT > mdm XjV mnyd©H$ K oUo A mdí` H$ A mho . åhUyZ _m{hV rMr BV a gmYZo ` m§Mm A mT > mdm K oUo _hÎdmMo AgV o . g§emo YZmMm nm` m ^¸$ _ H$ aÊ` mgmR > r g_ñ` obm A Zwgê $Z g§~§{YV gm{hË ` mMm A mT>mdm ¿` mdm bmJ V mo . V goM {ejUmMr d¡{eî Q > ço , _hÎd, {ejUmMm A W© , ì` m» ` m, _mÜ` {_H$ {ejUmMr Ü` o` o , {ejH$s ì` dgm` mMr d¡{eî Q > ço , A mMmag§{hV m, {d{dY V Ákm§À` m _V o {e jH$m§Mr J wUd¡{eî Q > ço {Xbobr A mhoV . Ë ` mV àm_w» ` mZo H$mb© am°Og© , âb°S > a, ` wZoñH$moZo 1968 _Ü` o {Xbobr E . Eg . ~ma ` m§Mr J wUd¡{eî Q > ço {Xbobr A mhoV . V goM 1) {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d Ë ` mda n[ a Um_ H$aUm ao K Q > H$ V goM ì` {º$_Îd {dH$mgmV rb à_wI K Q > H$mMr ` mXr {Xbobr A mho . Ë ` mM~amo~a 2) A Ü` mnZ g j_VoMm A W© , g j_V oÀ` m EZ . gr. Q > r. B©. Zo gwM{dboë` m 10 g j_V m, ì` m» ` m d A W© {Xbobm A mho . 3) {ejH$ n[a Um_H$maH $V m, ì` m» ` m, A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$maH$ hmoÊ` mgmR> r A mdí` H$ Aer J wUd¡{eî Q > ço , Medley Amitzal (1959) ` m§Zr {ejH$mÀ` m n[ aUm_H$ maH $V oMo à{V _mZ gwÓm Z_yZ Ho $bobo A mho . 4) {ejH$mMo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ì` m» ` m

235235235235

A m{U à ^mdr d A à ^mdr qH$dm n [aU m_H$maH $ d A ën n[ aUm_H $maH$ {e jH$ ` m§À` m{df ` r Ho $bobo g§emo YZ d Ë ` mV rb R > iH$ d¡{eî Q > ço {Xbobr A mhoV . ì` dgm` g_mYmZ H$moUË ` m J moï > rda A db§~yZ A gV o ` mg§~§ YrMm Aä` mg àH$aU XmoZ _Ü` o Ho $bobm A mho .

5 . 35 . 35 . 35 . 3 g§~§{ YV g§emo YZmg§~§{ YV g§emo YZmg§~§{ YV g§emo YZmg§~§{ YV g§emo YZm Mo g_ rj UMo g_ rj UMo g_ rj UMo g_ rj U

g§~§{YV g§emo YZmÀ` m A mT > mì` mMo _hÎd gm§J yZ g§emo YH$mZo nydu Or g§emo YZo Pmbobo A mhoV Ë ` mMm _mJ modm K oVbobm A mho . ` m_Ü` o EHy $U 21 g§emo YZo A mhoV Ë` mMm A mT > mdm {Xbobm A mho . V r nwT > rbà_mUo -

1. EH$mpË _H$ {dH${gV gm_mÝ` A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d Ë` m§Mm n[a Um_H$maH $ \$ aH$ A ä` mgUo .

2. emim H${_Q > rÀ` m H$m` © j_ dmV mdaU A m{U A Ü` mnZ g j_V o_Ü` o {ejH$mÀ` m n[a Um_H$maH $V oMm A ä` mg .

3. ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ~m§{YbH$s, V Ý_` V m A m{U n[a Um_H$maV m hr _w¸$m_r A m{U amhÊ` mMr gmo` Zgboë` m emioV rb H${_Q > r dmV mdaUmMm d {ejH$m§À ` m g j_V oMm A ä` mg .

4. {ejH$mÀ` m H$m` © j_ V oda A mYm[aV {e jH$-à{ejU A ä` mgH« $_.

5. emar[aH $ {ejH $ A Y` m nH$ _hm{d Úmb` mV rb n[a Um_H$maH $ K Q > H$m§Mm A ä` mg .

6. A study of poential techers effectiveness their Educational Attitude in relation to their report with the students and their survival and job satisfaction in the profession.

7. emioV rb {ejH$m§À` m ì`dgm` g_mYmZmMm Aä` mg .

8. nXdr _hm{d Úmb` mV rb {ejH$m§Mr {ZV r_yë` A m{U ì` dgm` g_mYmZ

9. ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d {ejH$m§Mm {dÚmÏ` m©~Ôb H$b ` m§Mm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg .

10. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ H$m` © j_V oMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

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11. {ejH$-à{ejU H$m` ©H« $ _mMr n[aU m_H$maH $V m - EH$ A ä` mg .

12. A Ü` mnZmV rb n[aUm_H $m aV m A m{U {dÚmWu _yë` _mnZ .

13. A Ü` mnZmV rb {V Ýhr ñV amdarb ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm A ä` mg .

14. àmW{_H$ {ejH$ m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ gm_mÝ` X²{dK Q > H$ {gÓm§V - EH$ MmMUr.

15. J ¥hemó {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d¡` {º $H$ ì` dgm` A m{U g§K Q> ZmË _H$ d¡{eî Q> çm§Mm ì` dgm` g_mYmZmer A gUmam g§~§ Y nmhUo .

16. àmW{_H$ d _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg .

17. gmobmnya ehamV rb àmW {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$V oMm ghg§~§ YmË _H$ A ä` mg H$aUo .

18. emar[aH $ {ejU {ejH$ d gm_mÝ` {ejH$ ` m§À` m ì` {º $_Îd d¡{eî Q > çm§Mm V wbZmË _H$ A ä` mg .

19. A {bJ S > {OëømV rb ` eñdr (n [aUm _H$ma H$) _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m ì` {º $_Îd Z_wÝ` m§Mm A ä` mg .

20 . A Comparative Study of Male and Female Secondary School Teachers with respect to their personality, traits competency and teaching - effectiveness.

21. _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ : EH$ A ä`mg .

5 . 45 . 45 . 45 . 4 g§emo YZ nÓV r d gm YZog§emo YZ nÓV r d gm YZog§emo YZ nÓV r d gm YZog§emo YZ nÓV r d gm YZo

g§emo YH$mZo g§emo YZmgmR> r dU©ZmË _H$ g§emo YZ nÓV r_Yrb embo` gd} jU nÓV rMm dmna Ho $bobm A mho .

g§emo YZ gmYZog§emo YZ gmYZog§emo YZ gmYZog§emo YZ gmYZo

g§emo YH$mZo ` m g§emo YZm_Ü` o S> m° . gr. àH$me e_m© (EZ . A ma. B© . gr.)

H$m°boO IwOm© (CÎm aàXoe) ` m§Zr {dH${gV Ho $bobr "ì` {º $_Îd g_m ` moOZ MmMUr', S > m° . ~r. Ho $. nmgr A m{U E_. Eg . b{bV m ` m§Zr à_m{UV Ho$bobr "{ejH$ gd©gm_mÝ` g j_V m MmMUr', S > m° . à_moXHw $_ma d S > m° . S > r. EZ . _w Wm

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` m§Zr {dH${gV Ho $bobr "{ejH$ A Ü` mn Z n[aUm_H $maH$ Mm MUr' d S > m° . à_moXHw $_ma d S>m° . S > r. EZ . _w Wm ` m§Zr {dH${gV Ho $bobr "{ej H$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ MmMUr' ` m§Mm dmna Ho $bobm A mho .

Z_wZm {ZdS >Z_wZm {ZdS >Z_wZm {ZdS >Z_wZm {ZdS >

g§emo YH$mZo dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ emioV rb gd© {ejH$ Z_wZm {ZdS > åhUyZ KoV bobo A mhoV . (B` Îmm 5 dr Vo B` Îmm 10 dr n` ªV Mo )

5 . 55 . 55 . 55 . 5 A W© {Zd©MZ d {de XrH $aUA W© {Zd©MZ d {de XrH $aUA W© {Zd©MZ d {de XrH $aUA W© {Zd©MZ d {de XrH $aU

EHy $U 59 3 à{V gmXmH$m§Zr {Xboë` m ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ MmMUr, A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $ V m MmMUr d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ MmMUr ` m dê $Z {_imboë` m _m{hV rdê $ Z J wUm§Mo A W©{Zd©MZ H$aÊ` mgmR > r g§» ` memór` _Ü` _mZ , n«_mU {dMb Z (S.D.), n rA agZ ghg§~§ Y J wUH$ d 't' n[ a{ jH$m ` m§Mm dmna H$aÊ` mV A mbm A mho .

5 . 65 . 65 . 65 . 6 {Zî H $f ©{Zî H $f ©{Zî H $f ©{Zî H $f © (Findings)

g§emo YH$mZo dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, n[a Um_H$maH $V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m g§emo YZmgmR > r à_m{UV MmMÊ` m dmnê $Z àmá Pmboë` m _m{hV rMo {díbof U H$ê $Z g§emo YZmÀ` m C{Ôï > mZwgma nwT > rbà_mUo {Zî H$f © H$mT >Ê` mV A mbobo A mhoV .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 1. 1. 1. 1 _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ (ó ró ró ró r ---- n wéfn wéfn wéfn wéf) ` m§À` m ì` {º $_Îd g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©` m§À` m ì` {º $_Îd g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©` m§À` m ì` {º $_Îd g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©` m§À` m ì` {º $_Îd g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ (ór- nwé f) {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ Mm§J bo A mho .

2. S > m° . gr. àH$me e_m© ` m§À` m à_m{UV MmMUrdê $ Z A go {XgyZ ` oV o H$s, 29 {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd 4.9% BV Ho $ A Ë ` ën A mho . Ë ` mMà_mUo 32 {ejH$ m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd à_mU 5. 4% BV Ho $ qH${MV OmñV A mho . 73 {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd à_mU 1 2. 3% BV Ho $ A mho . 224 {ej H$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd à_mU 37 .8% BV Ho $ V a Cd©[aV 2 35 {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd à_mU 3 9.6 % BV Ho $ A mho . 593 {ejH $m§n¡H$ s 22 4 {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd à_mU Mm§J bo A mho V a 235 {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd à_mU CÎm_ A mho .

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3. A ën A Zw ^dr ór {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd g_mYmZH$maH$ A mho V a A ën A Zw ^dr nwéf {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd IynM Mm§J bo A mho .

4. XrK © A Zw ^dr ór {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd Mm§J bo A mho V a XrK© A Zw ^dr nwéf {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd CÎm_ A mho .

5. d` moJ Q> mZwgma ór-nwéf {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd A à ^mdr hmoV OmV o .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 2. 2. 2. 2 _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ (((( órórórór ---- nwéfnwéfnwéfnwéf ) ) ) ) ` m§À` m A Ü` mn Z n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m ` m§À` m A Ü` mn Z n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m ` m§À` m A Ü` mn Z n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m ` m§À` m A Ü` mn Z n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©g§~§{ YMo {Zî H$f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo (ór-nwéf) A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $ Zmhr.

2. S > m° . à_moXHw $_ma d S > m° . S > r. EZ . _ w Wm ` m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m à_m{U V MmMUrdê $Z A go {XgyZ ` oV o H$s, 28 {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[aU m_H$maH $V m 4.7% BV H$s A {V AË ` ën A mho . 55 {ejH$m§Mr 9 .3 % V a Cd©[aV 510 { ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$m aH$V m 86% A gyZ V r 20 V o 40 J wUm§À` m Xaå` mZ A mho . åhUyZ ho à_mU A Ë ` ën A mho .

3. d` moJ Q> mZwgma _mÜ` {_H$ nwéf {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m H$_r A mho V a _mÜ` {_H$ ór {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$V m nwéf {ejH$m§no jmhr H$_r A mho .

4. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ ór {ejH$m§ Mr A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m H$_r A mho V a _mÜ` {_H$ nwéf {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$V m {ó` m§À` m V wbZoV ~ar A mho .

5. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ`{_H$ ór {ejH$m§M r A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m A g_mYmZH$maH$ A mho V a XrK © A Zw ^dr nwéf _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H $maH $V m H$_r A mho .

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5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 3. 3. 3. 3 _m Ü` {_H $ {ej H$ _m Ü` {_H $ {ej H$ _m Ü` {_H $ {ej H$ _m Ü` {_H $ {ej H$ (((( órórórór ---- nwéfnwéfnwéfnwéf ) ) ) ) ` m§ À` m§ À` m§ À` m§ À ` m ì` dgm` g_m YmZH $m aH$V m ` m ì` dgm` g_m YmZH $m aH$V m ` m ì` dgm` g_m YmZH $m aH$V m ` m ì` dgm` g_m YmZH $m aH$V m g§~§{ Yg§~§{ Yg§~§{ Yg§~§{ Y Mo {Zî H$f ©Mo {Zî H$f ©Mo {Zî H$f ©Mo {Zî H$f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf) {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ Mm§J bo A mho .

2. S > m° . à_moXHw $_ma A m{U S > m° . S> r. EZ . _w Wm ` m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZH$maH$V m ` m à_m{UV MmMUrdê $Z A go {XgyZ A mbo H$s, 21 {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ 20-40, 31 {ejH$m§Mo 40-6 0, 88 {ejH$m§Mo 60- 80 V a Cd©[ aV 4 35 {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ J wU 80 V o 100 X aå` mZ A mhoV . ` mdê $Z _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf ) {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ Mm§J bo A mho .

3. d` moJ Q> mZwgma (ór-nwéf ) {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ Mm§J bo A mho . _mÌ 5 0 df m©Z§V a V o H$_r H $_r hmoV OmV o . Ë ` mMà_mUo ór` m§À` m ~m~V rV gwÓm hmM {Zî H$f © A mbobm A mho.

4. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_ H$ ór d nwéf {ejH $m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ Mm§J bo A mho .

5. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ (ór d nwéf ) {ejH$ m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ CÎm_ A mho .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 4. 4. 4. 4 _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $ (ó ró ró ró r ---- n wéfn wéfn wéfn wéf) ` m§À` m A Ü` m nZ gj_V o` m§À` m A Ü` m nZ gj_V o` m§À` m A Ü` m nZ gj_V o` m§À` m A Ü` m nZ gj_V o g§~§{ Yg§~§{ Yg§~§{ Yg§~§{ Y Mo {Zî H$f ©Mo {Zî H$f ©Mo {Zî H$f ©Mo {Zî H$f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf ) {ejH $m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m g_mYmZH$maH$ A mho .

2. S > m° . ~r. Ho $. nmgr d S >m° . E_. Eg . b{bV m ` m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_V m à_m{UV MmMUrdê $Z A go {XgyZ A mbo H$s, 85 {ejH $m§Mo A Ü` mnZ g j_V m J wU 20-40 A mhoV , 20 7 {ejH$m§Mo J wU 40-60, 25 9 {ejH$m§Mo J wU 60-8 0 V a 42 {ejH$m§Mo J wU 8 0 V o 100 Xa å` mZ A mhoV . ` mdê $Z A go {XgyZ ` oV o H$s, 593 { ejH$m§n¡H$s 25 9 {ej H$m§Mo A Ü` mnZ g j_V m JwU 60-80 Xaå` mZ A mhoV . ` mdê $Z A Ü` mnZ g j_V m n[aUm_H$m aH$ A mho ho _mÝ` H$amdo bmJ V o .

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3. d` moJ Q> mZwgma _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf ) {ejH$m§ Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m dmT> V OmV o .

4. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf ) {ejH$m§ Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m A g_mYmZH$maH$ A mho .

5. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ ór {ejH $m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ~ar A mho V a XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ nwéf {ejH $m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m Mm§J br A mho .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 5. 5. 5. 5 _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV r b {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV r b {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV r b {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV r b ghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Y ` ` ` ` m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§ Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y H$_r XOm©Mm A mho . V mo r = 0.025 52 BV H$m A mho .

2. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV rb ghg§~§ Y H$_r XOm©Mm A mho . V mo r = 0.0 206 3 BV H$m A mho . hm ghg§~§ Y Xwb© j H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

3. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m§À` mV rb ghg§~§ Y A ën A mho . V mo r =0. 03 326 BV H$m A mho . hm ghg§~§ Y Xwb© j H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 6. 6. 6. 6 _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d A Ü` mnZ n [aU m_H $maH $V m ` m_ Yrb {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d A Ü` mnZ n [aU m_H $maH $V m ` m_ Yrb {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d A Ü` mnZ n [aU m_H $maH $V m ` m_ Yrb {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d A Ü` mnZ n [aU m_H $maH $V m ` m_ Yrb ghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Y ` ` ` ` m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§ Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y H$_r A mho d V mo F$U A mho . V mo r = -0.0 15 73 BV H$m A mho . hm ghg§~§ Y Xwb© j H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

2. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$ma H$V m ` m§À` mV rb ghg§~§Y ~am A mho . V mo r =0.2 201 BV H$m A mho .

241241241241

3. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$ma H$V m ` m§À` mV rb ghg§~§Y ~am A mho . V mo r = 0.035 08 BV H$m A mho . V mo Xwb© j H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 7. 7. 7. 7 _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d ì` dgm` g_m YmZ ` m_Y rb _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d ì` dgm` g_m YmZ ` m_Y rb _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d ì` dgm` g_m YmZ ` m_Y rb _m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì` {º $ _Îd d ì` dgm` g_m YmZ ` m_Y rb ghg§~§ Y ` mghg§~§ Y ` mghg§~§ Y ` mghg§~§ Y ` m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§ Mo ì` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y H$_r A mho . V mo r = 0.17 466 BV H$m A mho . V mo ~am A mho .

2. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§À` mV rb ghg§~§ Y ~am A mho . V mo r = 0. 27 43 BV H$m A mho .

3. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§À` mV rb ghg§~§ Y A Ë §V H$_r A mho . V mo r = 0.150 6 BV H$m A mho .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 8. 8. 8. 8 ____ m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì`dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` mn Z g j_V m ` m_Y rb m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì`dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` mn Z g j_V m ` m_Y rb m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì`dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` mn Z g j_V m ` m_Y rb m Ü` {_H $ {ejH $m§Mo ì`dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` mn Z g j_V m ` m_Y rb ghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Y ` ` ` ` m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m {df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m_Ü` o ghg§~§ Y ~am A mho . V mo r = 0.26 47 5 BV H$m A mho .

2. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m `m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A {V A ën A mho . V mo r = 0.08 611 BV H$m A mho . V mo Xwb© j H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

3. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë ` ën A mho . V mo r = 0.00 76 01 BV H$m A mho . V mo Xwb© j H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

242242242242

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 9. 9. 9. 9 _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ _m Ü` {_H $ {e jH$m§M r {e jH$m§M r {e jH$m§M r {e jH$m§M r A Ü` m nZ g j_V m d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m A Ü` m nZ g j_V m d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m A Ü` m nZ g j_V m d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m A Ü` m nZ g j_V m d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ maH $V m ` m_ Yr b ghg§~§ Y` m_ Yr b ghg§~§ Y` m_ Yr b ghg§~§ Y` m_ Yr b ghg§~§ Y ` ` ` ` m{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©m{df ` rMo {Zî H $f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_Vm d n[ aUm_H$ maH$V m ` m_ Yrb ghg§~§ Y A ë n A mho . V mo F$U A mho . V mo r = - 0.0 73 91 BV H$m A gyZ Xwb©{jV H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

2. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d n[aUm_H $maH$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë` ën d F$U A mho . V mo r = -0.061 41 BV H$ m A mho .

3. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d n[aUm_H $maH$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë` ën d F$U A mho . V mo r = - 0.056 96 BV H$m A mho . V mo Xwb©{jV H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

5 .5 .5 .5 . 6666 . 1 0 _mÜ` {_H$ { ejH $m§Mo ì` dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ ma H$V m . 1 0 _mÜ` {_H$ { ejH $m§Mo ì` dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ ma H$V m . 1 0 _mÜ` {_H$ { ejH $m§Mo ì` dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ ma H$V m . 1 0 _mÜ` {_H$ { ejH $m§Mo ì` dgm` g_m YmZ d A Ü` m nZ n[ aU m_H$ ma H$V m ` m_ Yr b ` m_ Yr b ` m_ Yr b ` m_ Yr b ghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Yghg§~§ Y ` ` ` ` m{df ` rMo {Zî H$f ©m{df ` rMo {Zî H$f ©m{df ` rMo {Zî H$f ©m{df ` rMo {Zî H$f ©

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm _H$ma H$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë ` ën A mho . V mo F$U A mho . V mo r = - 0.0 39 19 BV H$m A gyZ V mo Xwb©{jV H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

2. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m a H$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë §V H$_r XOm©Mm A mho . V mo F$U A mho . V mo r = - 0.0 68 7 6 BV H$m A mho . hm ghg§~§ Y Xwb©{jV H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

3. XrK © A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ d A Ü` mnZ n[aUm _H$ma H$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë ` ën A mho . V mo F$U A mho . V mo r = - 0.03 14 BV H$m A mho . hm ghg§~§ Y Xwb©{jV H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mho .

243243243243

5 . 75 . 75 . 75 . 7 { e{ e{ e{ e \\\\ $ma er$ma er$ma er$ma er

g§emo YH$mZo à_m{UV Mm MUr× mam àmá Ho $ boë` m _m{hV rMo {díbof U H$ê $Z g§emo YZmÀ` m C{Ôï >m§Zwgma nwT > rb {e\$maer H $aÊ` mV A mboë` m A mhoV .

1. A ën A Zw ^dr ór {e jH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd Mm§Jbo hmoÊ` mgmR > r Mm§J ë` m ì` {º $_ÎdmMo K Q > H$ A mË _gmV H$aÊ` mgmR > r à_m{UV ì` {º $_Îd MmMÊ` m {Xë`m nm{hOoV .

2. 50 d` moJ Q > mÀ` m nwT >o _mÜ` {_H$ ór-nwéf m§Mo ì` {º$_Îd A à ^mdr hmoV OmV o åhUyZ V o à ^mdr hmoÊ` mgmR > r {deof CnH« $ _ hmV r K oV bo nm{hOoV . CXm . ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ dJ © qH$dm godm{Zd¥ÎmrMo d` H$_r H$a Uo A mdí` H$ A mho .

3. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mo (ór-nwéf , A ën XrK © A Zw ^dr) A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $ Zmhr. Ë ` mgmR > r {eH${dbobo _wbm§Zm Mm§J bo A mH$bZ hmoÊ` mgmR > rÀ` m àJ V {ejH$ H¥ $V r Ho $ë` m n m{hOoV . V goM ` mg§X^m©V V Ákm§À` m _mJ ©Xe©ZmImbr H¥ ${V gÌo A m` mo{OV H$amdrV . VgoM A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $ hmoÊ` mgmR > r A Ü` mnZmV e¡ j{UH$ gmYZo , ZdZdrZ A Ü` mnZ nÓV r A me` mg A Zwgê $Z nÓV r {ZdS > Uo A mdí` H$ A mho . V goM A Ü` mnZmV _wbm§Mm gh ^mJ (empãXH $ d H¥ $ {V ` wº $)

dmT > {dUo A mdí` H$ A mho .

4. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb XrK © d A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf ) {ejH$m§Mo ì` dgm` g_mYmZ CÎm_ A mho . _mÌ d` df } 50 À` m nw T > o Vo H$_r H$_r hmoV Om V o . V o ì` dgm` g_mYmZ dmT > rg bmJ Ê` mgmR > r ~T> V rÀ` m g§ Yr {Z` _mZwgma Cnb ãY H$ê $Z X` mì` mV . Ë ` m§Mr godmOoð >V m S> mdby Z` o .

5. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ (ór-nwéf ) {ejH $m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m g_mYmZH$maH$ A mho . V r Mm§J br hmoÊ` mgmR > r COmim dJ © , CX²~mo YZ dJ © , n[ag§dmX, MMm©gÌo A m` mo{OV H$amdrV .

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6. A ën A Zw ^dr _mÜ` {_ H$ (ór- nwéf ) {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m A g_mYmZH$maH$ A mho . Ë ` m§Mr g j_V m dmT > {dÊ` mgmR > r {Z` {_V doVZ d godmemídV r XoUo A mdí` H$ A mho .

7. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§ Mo ì` {º $_Îd d A Ü` mnZ g j_V m ` mV rb ghg§~§ Y H$_r XOm©Mm A mho . V mo dmT> {dÊ` mgmR> r à`ËZ Ho $bm nm{hOo . ` m_mJ rb H$maUm§Mm emo Y K oUo A mdí` H$ A mho.

8. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§ Mr A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m d ì` {º $ _Îd ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë ` ën A mho . V mo dmT > {dÊ` mgmR > r ì`{º $_Îd gw YmaUm CnH« $ _ A m` mo{OV H$amdoV .

9. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§ Mo ì` {º $_Îd d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ H$_r A mho . V o H$_r A gÊ` mMr H$maUo emo YyZ V mo ghg§~§ Y dmT> {dÊ` m{df ` r à`Ë Z Ho $bo nm{hOoV .

10. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_Vm d n[a Um_H$m aH$V m ` m_Yrb ghg§~§ Y A Ë ` ën A mho . V mo dmT> {dÊ` mgmR > r Cnm` emo YUo A Ë ` mdí` H$ A mho.

5 . 85 . 85 . 85 . 8 n wT > rb g§emo YZmgmR > r {df `n wT > rb g§emo YZmgmR > r {df `n wT > rb g§emo YZmgmR > r {df `n wT > rb g§emo YZmgmR > r {df `

dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb Cƒ _mÜ` {_H$ ñV amdarb {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, n[aU m_H$maH$V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mm ghg§~§ YmË _H$ A ä` mg .

1. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _hm{dÚm b` rZ {ejH$m§À` m ì` {º $_ÎdmMm, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, n[aUm_H$maH $ V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm ghg§~§ YmË _H$ A ä` mg .

2. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb àmW{_H$, _mÜ` {_H $, C ƒ _mÜ` {_H$ d _hm{dÚmb` rZ ` m ñV amdarb A Ü` mnZ g j_V oMm A ä` mg .

3. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _mÜ` {_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ` {_ H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_VoMm Aä`mg H$aUo .

245245245245

4. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _hm{dÚmb` rZ {ejH $m§À` m ì` dgm` g_mYmZmMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

5. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb àmW{_H$ d _mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§À` m A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d n[aUm_H$maH $V oMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

6. dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb {V Ýhr ñV amdarb {ejH $m§À` m A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V oMm A ä` mg H$aUo .

5 . 95 . 95 . 95 . 9 àñV wV g§emo YZ d nyd©g§emo YZ MMm©àñV wV g§emo YZ d nyd©g§emo YZ MMm©àñV wV g§emo YZ d nyd©g§emo YZ MMm©àñV wV g§emo YZ d nyd©g§emo YZ MMm©

Fuller, F. F. and Brown, O. H. (1975) "Becoming a Teacher" ` m nwñV H$m_Ü` o {ejH$ ~Z Ê` mÀ` m à{H« $` oMo {d{dY g§X © ñnï > Ho $bobo A m hoV . V o nwT > rbà_mUo -

1 .1 .1 .1 . d¡` {º $H$/ì` º $ sJ V g§X ©d¡` {º $H$/ì` º $ sJ V g§X ©d¡` {º $H$/ì` º $ sJ V g§X ©d¡` {º $H$/ì` º $ sJ V g§X ©

` m_Ü` o i) ghOàd¥Îmr, ii) gm_m{OH $ Mbo , iii) _mZ{gH$ j_V m, iv) emar[ aH$ g§X ©

2 .2 .2 .2 . { ejH${ ejH${ ejH${ ejH$ ---- {ejH $mMm g§X ©{ejH $mMm g§X ©{ejH $mMm g§X ©{ejH $mMm g§X ©

i) {ejH$-{ejH$mÀ` m {dM mamMm, {dídmgmMm n[a Um _

ii) {ejH$-à{ejH$mÀ` m e¡ j{UH$ V ÎdkmZmMm à ^md

iii) {ejH$-à{ejH$ A m{U { ejUemó _hm{d Úmb`

iv) {dÚmÏ` mªÀ` m g§X^m©V rb A Zw ^d

v) {ejH$-à{ejU H$m` ©H« $ _mda ` oUmè` m _` m©XoMm n[aUm_

3 .3 .3 .3 . { ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo J «mhH $ g§X ©{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo J «mhH $ g§X ©{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo J «mhH $ g§X ©{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo J «mhH $ g§X ©

i) {dÚmWu J «mhH$mÀ` m y{_ Ho $V

ii) emim J «mhH$mÀ` m y{_Ho $V

iii) nmbH$ J «mhH$mÀ` m y{_Ho $V

iv) g_mO J «mhH$mÀ` m y{_Ho $V

v) amï ´ > J«mhH$mÀ` m y{_Ho $V

246246246246

4 .4 .4 .4 . { ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo g§emo YZ g§X ©{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo g§emo YZ g§X ©{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo g§emo YZ g§X ©{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mgmR > rMo g§emo YZ g§X ©

{ejH$mbm X¡Z§{XZ OrdZ mV A ZoH$ g_ñ` m ` oV A gV mV . Ë ` m emór` nÓV rZo gmoS > {dUo J aOoMo A mho . ` m g_ñ` m ñdV :, {d ÚmWu, emgZ , g_ mO, g§ñWo{df ` rÀ` m g§X^m©V rb A gV mV . åhUyZ {ejH$ V ` ma H$aV mZm {ejH$ m§À` m

y{_H$m§Mm {dMma H $amdm bmJ V mo . V goM {ejH$mÀ` m H$mhr A no jm A gV mV . Ë ` m nwT > rbà_mUo -

1) g_wnXoeH$, 2) ì` dñWmnH$, 3) {d eof rH$aU, 4) H$_rV H$_ r doimV A {YH$ H$m_, 5) _mJ ©Xe©H$, 6) àemgH$

g§emo YZm_YyZ A gUmar A no jm

1 . {ejH$mÀ` m ì` {º $J V g§X^m©Mm emo Y K oUo .

2. J «mhH$m§À` m A no jm§Mm emoY K oUo .

3. {ejH$-à{ejUmV Mmb Umè` m CnH« $_m§Zm {d{d Y àmË ` {jH$m§Mr n[a Um_H$maH $V m nS > V miyZ nmhUo , V r gw YmaÊ` mÀ` m Ñï > rH$moZmV yZ A mYma {_i{dUo �

{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mMr à{H« $` m g_ OmdyZ Xo Um ar g§emo YZo{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mMr à{H« $` m g_ OmdyZ Xo Um ar g§emo YZo{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mMr à{H« $` m g_ OmdyZ Xo Um ar g§emo YZo{ ejH$ hmo Ê` mMr à{H« $` m g_ OmdyZ Xo Um ar g§emo YZo

{ejH$ V ` ma hmoÊ` mMr à{ H« $` m hr H$ï > gmÜ` d XrK ©H$mbrZ à{H« $` m A mho . ` m_YyZ {ejH$m§Mm ~mo Ym Ë _H$, ^mdmË _H$ d {H« $` mH$m¡eë` mË _H$, ì` mdgm{` H$ H$m¡eë` o A em j_V m§Mm {dH$mg hmoUo A no{jV A gV o . {ejH$mÀ` m y{_H$m H$mbmZwH« $_o ~XbV A gë` m V ar hr à{H« $` m nwT> rb A dñWm_YyZ K S > V A gV o.

1 .1 .1 .1 . ñ dßZmiy A dñ Wmñ dßZmiy A dñ Wmñ dßZmiy A dñ Wmñ dßZmiy A dñ Wm

` m_Ü` o {ejH$ nydu {Zp íMV Ho $bobr C{Ôï > o J mR > Ê` mgmR > r A ZoH${dY à` Ë Z H$aV mo . ` m à`Ë Zm_Ü` o C{Ôï > J mR > Ê` mgmR > r gV V V mo H$m` ©_¾ A gV mo .

2 .2 .2 .2 . A pñV Ë dmM r A dñWmA pñV Ë dmM r A dñWmA pñV Ë dmM r A dñWmA pñV Ë dmM r A dñWm

` m A dñWo_Ü` o V mo {ejH$s noem_Ü` o ~è` mn¡H$s p ñWamdV mo d g_ñ` m§Zm gm_moao OmV mo . ` m_Ü` o Vmo H$mhr à_mUmV ñdV :Mo _V _m§S >V mo . {ZU©` à{H« $` oV gh ^mJ r hmoV mo . Ë ` m_wio O~m~Xmar dmT > V o .

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3 .3 .3 .3 . à wÎd mdñ Wmà wÎd mdñ Wmà wÎd mdñ Wmà wÎd mdñ Wm

` m A dñWoV {ejH$mMo AÜ` mnZ , A me` , H$m¡eë` o ` mÑï > rZo V mo g_W©nUo H$m` © H$aV mo . {ejH$ A mnë` m y{_H$m_Ü` o à wÎd g§nmXZ H$aV mo .

4 .4 .4 .4 . p ñWV r erb A d ñWmp ñWV r erb A d ñWmp ñWV r erb A d ñWmp ñWV r erb A d ñWm

` m A dñWoV {ejH$mg_moa XmoZ eŠ ` V m ` oV mV .

1. {ejH$ A mnë` m ì` dgm` mV g_mYmZr A gV mo . Ë ` m_wio V mo Zd{Z{_©V r d ñd` § A Ü` `ZmMo g_rjU H$aV mo d { dYm` H$ Ñï > rZo H$m` © H$aV mo .

2. qH$dm ` m A dñWoV V mo A mnë` m ì` dgm` mV A g§V wï >, A g_mYmZr A gV mo . Ë` m_wio Ë ` mMr d¥Îmr ZH$mamË _H$ hmoD$Z V mo ZH$mamË _H$ ~ZV mo . ` m_wio H$mhrdoim V mo ì` dgm` gwÓm ~XbV mo.

darb g§emo YZ g§X © ho {ejH$ ~ZÊ` mMr à{H« $` m (Becoming

Teacher) ` m nwñV H$mV yZ K oV bobo A mhoV .

àñV wV g§emo YZmgmR > r g§emo YH$mZo gd} jU nÓV r Mm dmna Ho $bobm A mho . dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb _amR > r _mÜ` _m§À` m EHy $U 9 2 emim A mhoV . ` m gd© emim§_Yrb {ejH$ Z_wZm åhUyZ {ZdS>bobo A mhoV . àË ` oH$ emimV rb _w» ` mÜ` mnH$m§Zm oQ y > Z g§emo YZ {df ` d hoV y , g§emo YZ H$a Ê` m_mJ rb y{ _H$m ` m§Mr _m{hV r {Xbr. Ë ` mM~amo~a _w» ` mÜ` mnH$m§Zm {dZ§V r nÌo {Xbr. _mÜ` { _H$ {ejH$m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m a H$V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m à_m{UV MmMÊ` m§Mo _amR > r ^mf m§V a Ho $boë` m MmMÊ` m àË` oH$r nmM V Ákm§H$S y > Z V nmgyZ KoV ë` m. àË ` oH$ emioV rb _w» ` mÜ` mnH$m§Zr {ejH$m§H$S y > Z MmMUr ^ê $Z K oÊ` mg n admZJ r {Xbr . Ë ` mZwgma àË ` oH$ {ejH$mg ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ MmMUr, A Ü` mnZ n[aUmn_H $ma H$V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m à_m{UV MmMÊ` m ^amd` mg {Xë` m.

dmidm V mbwŠ ` mV rb EHy $U 14 05 _mÜ` {_H $ {e jH$m§Zm {V Ýhr MmMÊ` m ^ê $Z XoÊ` mgmR > r {Xë` m. Ë ` mn¡H$s 5 93 à{V gmXH$ {ejH$m§H $S y > Z MmMÊ` m 1 df © 4 _{hZo ` m H$m bmdYrV ^ê $Z { _imë` m. A Ü` mnZ g j_V m MmMUr ^aUogmR > r ñdV : g§emo YH$mZo {ejH$m§Mo nmR > {ZarjU Ho $bo bo A mhoV . EH$m {Xder \ $º $ 8 V mgm§Mo {ZarjU H$aV m A mbo . ø mgmR > r n` ©do jH$

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d {ejH$m§Mo Mm§J bo ghH$m` © {_imbo . àË ` oH$ nmR > 30 {_{ZQ > m§Mm hmoV m. doimnÌH$mV bd{MH$V m R > odbr hmoV r. Á` m {ejH$m§Zr ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ MmMUr, A Ü` mnZ n[a Um _H$maH$V m MmMUr d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ MmMUr ^ê $Z {Xbr . H$mhr {ejH$m§Zr _mÌ ^ê $Z {Xbr Zmhr. V goM H$mhr {ejH$m§À` m à{V gmXH$m§À` m nmR > m§Mo {ZarjU H $aV m A mbo Zmhr. Ë ` m_wio à{VgmXH$m§Mr g§» ` m 59 3 BV H$s A mho .

_mÜ` {_H$ {ejH$m§Mr ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ MmMUrMo , A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$maH $V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ MmMUrMo {Xboë` m {Z` _mZwgma àmám§H$ H$mT>bobo A mhoV .

ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ MmMUr EHy $U 54 J wUm§M r A mho V a A Ü` mnZ g j_V m MmMUr hr 14 7 J wUm§Mr A mho . A Ü` mnZ n[ aUm_H $maH$V m Mm MUr 34 5 J wUm§Mr A mho V a ì` dgm` g_mYmZ MmMUr hr 2 9 J wUm§Mr A mho . darb J wUm§dê $Z àË ` oH$ MmMUrMo àmám§H$ H$mT > bo . Ë ` mZwgma A ën A Zw ^dr nwéf {ejH$ d X rK © A Zw ^dr nwéf {ejH$, V goM A ën A Zw ^dr ór {e{jH $m d XrK © A Zw ^dr ór {e{jH$m ` m§Mr A Zw ^dmVyZ dma§dm[aV m H$mT > br. V goM oUmè` m {ejH$mMr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d n[aUm_H$maH$V m ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ A m{U ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m Mmahr MmMUrMr dma§dm[ aV m H$mT > br. ` m dma§dm[ aV odê $Z _Ü` _mZ , à_mU {dMbZ H$mT > bo . ` mdê $Z A mboI H$mT > bm.

` m J wUm§Mr V wbZm H$ê $Z {ejH$mMo ì` {º $_Îd g_m` moOZ MmMUrÀ` m× mao V wbZm H$ê $Z {ejH$m_Ü ` o CÎm_ ì` {º $_Îd, Mm§Jbo gm_mÝ` d ~ao ì` {º $_Îd A gUmao {ejH$ H$mT > bo .

n[a Um_H$maH $V m MmMUr J wUm§Mr V wbZm H$ê $Z gd© {ejH$m§À` m_Ü o CÎm_ n[ aUm_H $maH $V m, Mm§J br n[a Um_H$m aH$ V m, g_mYmZH$maH$ d H$_r n[a Um_H$maH $V m, \$m a H $_r n [aUm _H$maH $V m A gUmao {ejH$ {ZarjU m dê $Z H$iyZ A mbo .

` m Mmahr MmMÊ` m§Mr nañnam§er V wbZm H$ê $Z ghg§~§ Y H$mT > bm AgV m V mo A ën, ~am, Xwb©{j V H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mbm A mho . hm ghg§~§ Y Mm§J bm ` oÊ` mEodOr Xwb©{jV H$aÊ` mOmoJ m A mbm A mho d F$U ghg§~§ Y A mbm A mho .

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A ën A Zw ^dr nwéf {ej H$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ g j_V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mm ghg§~§ Y A ën A gyZ YZ A mho . V goM ór {e{jH$m§Mr g j_V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mmhr ghg§~§ Y A ën A gyZ V mo YZ A mbm A mho .

V goM ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü`mnZ g j_V m, n[aUm_H $maH$V m d ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mr nañnam§er V wbZm Ho $br. ANOVA H$mT > bm.

gd© {ejH$m§Mr A Ü` mnZ n[a Um_H$maH $V m gmW©H$ A mho . gXa g§emo YZmV A ën A Zw ^dr ór {e{j H$m d XrK © A Zw ^dr ór { e{jH$m A m{U A ë n A Zw ^dr nwéf {ejH$ d X rK © A Zw dr nwéf {ejH$ ` m§Mo ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, A Ü` mnZ n[aUm_H$m aH$ V m A m{U ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mr nañna V wbZm gmW©H$V m ` mMm dmna H$ê $Z A mboI H$mT y > Z Ë `mMo A W©{Zd©MZ Ho $bo Amho . BV a g§emo YZmMmhr A ä` mg Ho $bm A mho . V goM EH${ÌV [aË ` m ì` {º $_Îd, A Ü` mnZ g j_V m, n[aUm_H$maH $V m A m{U ì` dgm` g_mYmZ ` m§Mm A ä` mg Ho $bobm A mho . åhUyZ ho BV a g§emo YZm§no jm doJio d d¡{eî Q > çnyU© g§emo YZ A mho .

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