Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo)
-
Upload
yudi-prasetyo -
Category
Documents
-
view
1.341 -
download
3
Transcript of Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo)
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 1/29
Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel
Baja Khusus & Paduan SuperBaja Khusus & Paduan Super
0806455950
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 2/29
Alloy Steel Definisi: Baja yang dipadukan dengan unsur lain dengan
jumlah total 1%-50% wt untuk meningkatkan sifat-sifatmekaniknya.
Pembagian alloy steel: Low-alloy steel
menurut Smith and Hashemi = 4%
menurut Degarmo = 8%High-alloy steel
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 3/29
Alloy Steel (Cont’d)
Unsur paduan yang umum digunakan: manganese
(unsur yang paling banyak digunakan), nickel,chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron.
Unsur paduan yang jarang digunakan: aluminum,
cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium,tungsten, tin, zinc, lead, and zirconium.
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 4/29
Alloy Steel (Cont’d)
Sifat-sifat pada alloy steel yang meningkat
apabila dibandingkan dengan carbon steel:strength, hardness, toughness, wear
, , .
Untuk mencapai peningkatan sifat tersbutmaka logam juga membutuhkan heattreating
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 5/29
Low-Alloy Steel
Low Alloy Steel merupakan kategori dari
material ferrous yang memperlihatkan sifatmekanik yang lebih unggul dibandingkan
.
Pada medium to high carbon level, low-alloysteel cenderung sulit untuk dilas.
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 6/29
Low-Alloy Steel (Cont’d)
Peningkatan weldability dan formability
terjadi pada kadar karbon 0.1%-0.3% (high-strength low-alloy class).
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 7/29
Principal Low-Alloy SteelsSAE designation Composition
13xx Mn 1.75%
40xx Mo 0.20% or 0.25% or 0.25% Mo & 0.042% S
41xx Cr 0.50% or 0.80% or 0.95%, Mo 0.12% or 0.20% or 0.25% or 0.30%43xx Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50% to 0.80%, Mo 0.25%
44xx Mo 0.40% or 0.52%
46xx Ni 0.85% or 1.82%, Mo 0.20% or 0.25%
47xx Ni 1.05%, Cr 0.45%, Mo 0.20% or 0.35%
48xx Ni 3.50%, Mo 0.25%
50xx Cr 0.27% or 0.40% or 0.50% or 0.65%50xxx Cr 0.50%, C 1.00% min
50Bxx Cr 0.28% or 0.50%
51xx Cr 0.80% or 0.87% or 0.92% or 1.00% or 1.05%
51xxx Cr 1.02%, C 1.00% min
51Bxx Cr 0.80%
52xxx Cr 1.45%, C 1.00% min
61xx Cr 0.60% or 0.80% or 0.95%, V 0.10% or 0.15% min
86xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.20%
87xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.25%
88xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.35%
92xx Si 1.40% or 2.00%, Mn 0.65% or 0.82% or 0.85%, Cr 0.00% or 0.65%
94Bxx Ni 0.45%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12%
ES-1 Ni 5%, Cr 2%, Si 1.25%, W 1%, Mn 0.85%, Mo 0.55%, Cu 0.5%, Cr 0.40%, C 0.2%, V 0.1%
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 8/29
Principal Effects of Major Alloying
Elements for SteelElement Percentage Primary function
Aluminium 0.95–1.30 Alloying element in nitriding steels
Bismuth - Improves machinability
Boron 0.001–0.003 A powerful hardenability agent
Chromium0.5–2 Increases hardenability
4–18 Increases corrosion resistance
Copper 0.1–0.4 Corrosion resistance
Lead - Improved machinability
Manganese
0.25–0.40om nes w su ur an w p osp orus o re uce e r eness. so e ps o
remove excess oxygen from molten steel.
>1Increases hardenability by lowering transformation points and causing
transformations to be sluggish
Molybdenum 0.2–5 Stable carbides; inhibits grain growth. Increases the toughness of steel
Nickel2–5 Toughener
12–20 Increases corrosion resistance
Silicon0.2–0.7 Increases strength2 Spring steels
Higher percentages Improves magnetic properties
Sulfur 0.08–0.15 Free-machining properties
Titanium - Fixes carbon in inert particles; reduces martensitic hardness in chromium steels
Tungsten - Also increases the melting point.
Vanadium 0.15Stable carbides; increases strength while retaining ductility; promotes fine grain
structure. Increases the toughness at high temperatures
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 9/29
Perbandingan Karakteristik Baja
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 10/29
Steel making process
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 11/29
Steel making process (Cont’d)
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 12/29
Heat Treatment Low Alloy SteelTujuan dilakukan perlakuan panas
Mempersiapkan material logam sebagai produk setengah jadi agar layak
diproses lanjut (pelunakan) Meningkatkan umur pakai material logam sebagai produk jadi
(pengerasan)
Meningkatkan ketahanan aus (Surface heat treatment)
Secara khusus perlakuan panas terhadap low alloy steel ditujukan untuk
meningkatkan sifat mekanis dan mengoptimalkan nilai kekerasan & keuletan.
Seperti diketahui bahwa untuk menghasilkan material dengan ketahanan ausyang tinggi maka dibutuhkan nilai kekerasan dan ketangguhan yang tinggi.
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 13/29
Pelunakan TermalBertujuan untuk meningkatkan machinability dan nilai ketangguhan
baja paduan
Jenis proses pelunakan termal
Homogenising
Normalizing Full annealing
Spherodising
Stress relieving
Process and recrystallisation annealing
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 14/29
Pelunakan Termal
911°C Austenite( γ)
Full-Annealing (A)
Normalising (N)
Homogenising (H)
A
γ + Fe3C
Recrystallisation annealing
Stress-relief annealing
723 °C
T e m p e r a t u r e
Ferrite(α)
0.80 1.4
Eutectoid
Carbon %2.0
A3
Hypoeutectoid
Hypereutectoid
(H) (N) Full (A)
Temp. *** ** *
Metoda -- udara dapurpendinginan
Wkt. Proses *** * *
Karakteristik
Rendah * Tinggi***
α + Fe3C
A1
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 15/29
Pengerasan TermalBertujuan meningkatkan hardenability baja paduan dengan membentuk strukturmartensit/bainit
Terdiri dari 3 proses
QUENCHINGBATH
HEATINGFURNACE
TEMPERINGBATH
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 16/29
Pengerasan Termal
Transformasiα→γ
Baja menyusut
Baja sangat lunak - σu << ,struktur: γ + karbida(sisa)
Baja keras dan mulai tangguh :struktur: M(temper+sterssed)
+ γsisa + Karbida(sisa) + lainnya
Holding
Transformasiα→γ
Baja memuai
Baja keras tapi rapuh ,struktur: M(stressed) + γsisa
+ Karbida(sisa) + lainnya
Ketangguhan lebih baik :struktur: M(temper)
+ Karbida + lainnya
WAKTU
Temper 1Temper 2
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 17/29
Surface Heat TreatmentBertujuan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan material (ketahanan aus) melaluipembentukan lapisan keras pada permukaan (surface hardening)
Jenis surface heat treatment
Pengerasan Nyala api (Flame hardening)
Pen erasan Induksi Induction hardeninTermal
Nitridisasi (Nitriding)
Nitrokarburisasi (Nitrocarburising)
Karburisasi (Carburising)
Karbonitridisasi (Carbonitriding)
Termokimia
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 18/29
Strukur Mikro Low Alloy Steel
Cementite ProeutectoidFerrite
ru ur ar ow oy ee a a
Bainite dengan ditandai oleh adanyadaerah cementite dan ferrite yanghalus. Jika dilakukan sperodizing makaakan muncul cementite proeutectoid yang bulat.
Atau mungkin dapat terbentukMartensite Temper jika dilakukanQuenched dan Temper
1% carbon, 0.2% silicon, 0.2%manganese and 0.2% vanadium
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 19/29
Klasifikasi Low-Alloy
(Elemen paduan < 8%)
Baja yang digunakan untuk low alloy steel:• Low Carbon (< 0,2% C)• Medium Carbon (0,2-0,5% C)• High Carbon (> 0,5% C)
Berdasarkan komposisi kimia (karbon)
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 20/29
Klasifikasi Low-Alloy (Cont’d) Berdasarkan kombinasi elemen paduan
Carbon-manganese cast steelsManganese-molybdenum cast steels
Manganese-Nickel-Chromium-molybdenum cast steels
Nickel cast steelsNickel-chromium-molybdenum cast steels
Chromium-molybdenum cast steels
Copper Bearing cast steelsHigh strength cast steels
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 21/29
C-Mn cast steels Komposisi paduan
Mn = 1-1,75% Mn C = 0,20-0,50% C
Seri 1300 (mediummanganese steels) : 1,6-1,9% Mn
Sifat
- nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan ↑
- baja paduan yang relatif tidak mahal
Heat Treatment
- single normalizing
- normalizing & tempering heat treatment
Aplikasi
Struktural dan peralatan permesinan
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 22/29
Mn-Mo cast steels KomposisiKomposisiKomposisiKomposisi paduanpaduanpaduanpaduan
C = 0,20 & 0,35%
- Seri 8000 (1-1,35% Mn & 0,1-0,3% Mo)
- Seri 8400 (1,35-1,75% Mn & 0,25-0,55% Mo)
- sifat mekanisnya setara dengan medium-manganese steels
- yield strength ↑ pada peningkatan temperatur
- rasio YS terhadap TS ↑ pada temp. ruang
- nilai kekerasan ↑
Aplikasi
Peralatan permesinan
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 23/29
Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo cast steels Komposisi paduan
Seri 9500
Sifat
Element Mn Ni Cr Mo
Composition, % 1.30-1.60 0.40-0.70 0.55-0.75 0.30-0.40
- kekerasan ↑
Heat Treatment
Ketebalan produk 27 mm (5 in.), di kuens dan temper untuk mendapatkan struktur fullmartensit.
Aplikasi
Peralatan permesinan dan konstruksi industri hulu
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 24/29
Nickel cast steels Komposisi paduan
C = 0,20 & 0,35%
- Seri 8000 (1-1,35% Mn & 0,1-0,3% Mo)- Seri 8400 (1,35-1,75% Mn & 0,25-0,55% Mo)
- tensile strength ↑
- elastic limit ↑
- good ductility
- excellent resistance to impact
Aplikasi
Peralatan permesinan
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 25/29
Ni-Cr-Mo cast steels Komposisi
Seri 4700
(Ni 1.05%; Cr 0.45%; Mo 0.20%)
Sifat
-
- imun terhadap temper embrittlement
Aplikasi
Peralatan permesinan dan konstruksi industri hulu
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 26/29
Cr-Mo cast steels Komposisi
Cr = 1% Cr→ penambahan meningkat seiring peningkatan temperatur aplikasi
Seri 5100→ 0.7-1.1% Cr
Sifat
tahan terhada korosi
Molybdenum meningkatkan kekuatan dengan meningkatnya temperatur.
Heat Treatment
AplikasiChromium-molybdenum steels are widely used in the oil and gas industries and in fossilfuel and nuclear power plants
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 27/29
Copper Bearing cast steels Komposisi
Cr = 1% Cr→ penambahan meningkat seiring peningkatan temperatur aplikasi
Seri 5100→ 0.7-1.1% Cr
Sifat
Heat Treatment
age-hardening
Aplikasi
Peralatan permesinan
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 28/29
High strength cast steels Komposisi
Seri 4300
(Ni 1.80%; Cr 0.5-0.80%; Mo 0.25%)
Sifat
- -
Heat Treatment
liquid-quenching techniques dan tempering pada temperatur rendah
Aplikasi
Peralatan permesinan dan konstruksi
5/11/2018 Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel (0806455950 - Yudi Prasetyo) - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-alloy-wear-resistant-steel-0806455950-yudi-prasetyo 29/29
Referensi Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2007), Materials and Processes in
Manufacturing (10th ed.), Wiley, ISBN 978-0-470-05512-0.
Groover, M. P., 2007, p. 105-106, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials,Processes and Systems, 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, ISBN 978-0-471-74485-6.
, . , ,
(4th ed.), McGraw-Hill, p. 394, ISBN 0-07-295358-6
ASM Metals Handbook, Vol 01
ASM Metals Handbook, Vol 15
Slide Kuliah, Nofrijon Sofyan, Ph.D, Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering, DepartemenTeknik Metalurgi dan Material FakultasTeknik Universitas Indonesia.