2016/9/25

Learning How to Learn: Powerful mental tools to help

you master tough subjects

Coursera

by University of California, San Diego

資管四甲 402401137 蔡亞芸

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Week 1

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Pomodorot e c h n i q ue

Learning video: http://pomodorotechnique.com/

The Pomodoro Technique

A time management method.

Developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s.

The technique uses a timer to break down work into intervals.

Traditionally 25 minutes in length, separated by short breaks.

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There are six steps in the technique:

1. Decide on the task to be done.

2. Set the pomodoro timer (traditionally to 25 minutes).

3. Work on the task until the timer rings. If a distraction pops into

your head, write it down, but immediately get back on task.

4. After the timer rings, put a checkmark on a piece of paper.

5. If you have fewer than four checkmarks, take a short break (3–5

minutes), then go to step 1.

6. After four pomodoros, take a longer break (15–30 minutes), reset

your checkmark count to zero, then go to step 1.

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In this diffuse mode, the brain makes random

connections in a relaxed fashion.

The focused mode involves a direct approach to solving

problems using rational, sequential, analytical approaches.

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A direct approach to solving problems that you are not

familiar with.

A type of intense concentration you need to work through

a problem, step-by-step.

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Week 2

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Chunks or chunkingChunks can help you understand new concepts.One of fist steps toward gaining expertise in academic topics is to create conceptual chunks-mental leaps that unites scattered bits of information through meaning.Improvising a new sentence in a new language you are learning involves the ability to creatively mix together various complex minichunks and chunks.

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Step 1: Chunking is simply to focus your undivided attention on the

information you want to chunk.

Step 2: Chunking is to understand the basic idea you're trying

to chunk, whether it's understanding a concept such as continental

drift, seeing the connection between the basic elements of the plot

for a story, grasping the economic principle of supply and demand, or

comprehending the essence of a particular type of math problem.

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Serotonin is a third diffuse neuromodulatory system that strongly affects

your social life. 血清素是第三個發送神經遞質系統→他可以影響社交生活The amygdala is part of the limbic system which together with

hippocampus is involved in processing memory and decision making as

well as regulating emotional reactions. 杏仁核是大腦邊緣系統的一部分，他與海馬體共同參與記憶和決策的過程Dopamine signals in relation to unexpected reward

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Deliberate practice. Test yourself frequently. Using little mini-tests to see whether you're actually learning the material, or whether you've been fooling yourself, thinking you're learning when you're actually not. Recall is actually a form of mini-testing. Try to avoid depending too much on highlighting, which can fool you into thinking that the material is going into your brain when it actually isn't. Mistakes are a good thing to make when you're learning. They allow you to catch illusions of competence.

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Week 3

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1. The cue may be something as simple as seeing the first item in your to

do list.

2. The routine. This is your zombie mode. The routine habitual response

your brain is used to falling into when it receives the cue.

3. The reward. Every habit develops and continues because it rewards

us. It gives us an immediate little feeling of pleasure.

4. The belief. Habits have power because of your belief in them.

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Procrastination often involves shifting your focus away from something

you find uncomfortable.

General habits of procrastination can negatively impact many aspect of

your life.

The PRODUCT is what triggers the pain that causes you to procrastinate.

It is perfectly normal to start with a negative feelings about learning a

beginning session.

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It refers to the relaxed state your mind enters when you are

performing common and habitual tasks. Example of zombie

habitual and habitual behavior include riding a bike, getting

dressed in the morning, and being able to back your car out of

the driveway

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Week 4

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Your working memory is centered out of the prefrontal cortex,

although there are connections to other parts of your brain so you

can access long-term memory.

“Spaced repetition” is the technique help with something into

long-term memory. Involves repeating what you are trying to

retain, but what you want to do is to space this repetition out.

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Continuing to study or practice after you’ve mastered what you can in the

session is called overlearning.

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Imposter syndrome involves frequent feeling of.

Several behavours of high-achieving women with impostor syndrome:• Diligence• Feeling of being phony• Use of charm• Avoiding display of confidence