Jh lkbZ lPpfj= v/;k; 1 xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡ … · 2020. 4. 6. · R;ldks...

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iqjkru ¼iqjkuks½ i}fr vuqlkj Jh gsekM iUr Jh lkbZ lPpfj=dks vkjEHkoUnuk ¼Lrqfr½ }kjk xnZNu~

¼1½ iSys dkeykbZ fufoZ/uiwoZd lekIr ikjsj ¼vkQwykbZ½ ;’kLoh cukmusJhx.ks’kykbZ lk”VkM~x ueLdkj xnZNu~ j- Jh lkbZ uS x.kifr gks HkUnNu~A

¼2½ vfu dkO; jpuk xuZ izsj.kk fnus Hkxorh ljLorhykbZ R;lS xnZNu~ j vkQSysuS vk¶uks thou&laxhr o;ku xnSa jgus Jh lkbZ HkxorhHkUnk fHkUu gquq gqUuHkUnNu~A

¼3½ R;lifN Øe’k% mRifÙk] fLFkfr j lagkjdrkZ czâek] fo”.kq j egs’ojykbZ R;lSxnZNu~A vfu Jh lkbZ j mi;qZDr nsorkg: vfHkUu gquqgqukys ogk¡g: vkQS uSxq: cusj HkolkxjckV ikj xjkbZ fnuqgqUN HkUnNu~A

¼4½ vfu Qsfj dksad.kek izdV gquq Hk,dks vk¶uk dqynsork Jh ukjk;.k vkfnukFkykbZoUnuk xnZNu~A dksad.k R;gh Hkwfe gks tqu HkwfeykbZ Jh ij’kqjkethys leqnzckVfudkysj LFkkfir xuZq Hk,F;ksA R;lifN muh ¼Jh gsekM iUr½ vk¶uk dqydkvkfn iq:”kg:ykbZ n.Mor~ xnZNu~A

Jh lkbZ lPpfj=Jh lkbZ lPpfj=Jh lkbZ lPpfj=Jh lkbZ lPpfj=Jh lkbZ lPpfj= v/;k; 1 v/;k; 1 v/;k; 1 v/;k; 1 v/;k; 1

xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡fifu,dks dFkk rFkk R;ldks rkRi;ZAfifu,dks dFkk rFkk R;ldks rkRi;ZAfifu,dks dFkk rFkk R;ldks rkRi;ZAfifu,dks dFkk rFkk R;ldks rkRi;ZAfifu,dks dFkk rFkk R;ldks rkRi;ZAoUnuk ¼HkkokFkZ :iek½oUnuk ¼HkkokFkZ :iek½oUnuk ¼HkkokFkZ :iek½oUnuk ¼HkkokFkZ :iek½oUnuk ¼HkkokFkZ :iek½

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¼5½ vfu ifN tldks xks=ek vk¶uks tUe Hk;ks rh Hkj}kt eqfuykbZ ueLdkjxnZNu~A R;lifN ;kKoYD;] Hk`xq] ijk’kj] ukjn] osn O;kl] lud] luUnu]luRdqekj] ‘kqdnso] ‘kkSud] fo’okfe=] ofl”B okYehfd] okenso] tSfeuh]oS’kik;u] uo;ksxhUnz bR;kfnykbZ- j R;LrS fuo`fÙk] Kkunso] lksiku] eqDrkckbZ]tuknZu] ,dukFk] ukenso] rqdkjke] dkUgk ujgfj vkfn vk/kqfud lUrg:ykbZoUnuk xnZNu~A

¼6½ R;lifN vk¶uk ckT;s lnkf’koykbZ] firk j?kqukFkykbZ j vk¶uks ckyddkyeSfnoaxr Hk,dh vk¶uh vkekykbZ ifu lk”VkM~x n.Mor~ xnZNu~A vfu QsfjvkQwykbZ ikyuiks”k.k xusZ dkdhykbZ j vk¶uk I;kjk tsBknktqykbZ ifu lk”VkM~xn.Mor~ xnZNu~A

¼7½ ;lifN ikBdg:ykbZ ogk¡g: ,dkxzfpr Hk,j dFkke`r ¼dFkk:ih ve`r½ ikuxuZqgksl~ Hkuh izkFkZuk xnSa ueLdkj xnZNu~A

¼8½ vUrek nÙkk=;dk vorkj j vk¶uks vkJ;nkrk rFkk ̂ ^czâe lR;a txfUeF;k**¼czâeek= lR; gks j ;ks lalkj >wVks gks½ ;ks dqjkdks cks/k xjk,j lelrizk.khg:ek ,mVS czâe O;kIr Hk,dks vuqHkwfr xjkmus Jh lfPpnkuUn ln~xq:Jh lkbZukFk egkjktykbZ lk”VkM~x n.Mor~ xnZNu~A

Jh ikjk’kj] O;kl rFkk ‘kkafMY; vkfndS leku HkfDrdk fofHkUuizdkjg:dks la{ksiek o.kZu xjsj vc xzUFkdkj egksn; fuEufyf[kr ¼ryysf[k,dks½ dFkk izkjEHk xnZNu~A

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xgq¡ fiusdks dFkk%&xgq¡ fiusdks dFkk%&xgq¡ fiusdks dFkk%&xgq¡ fiusdks dFkk%&xgq¡ fiusdks dFkk%&lu~ 1890 ek e ,dfnu fcgku Jh lkbZckckdks n’kZu xuZ elftnek ,¡A R ; g k ¡ d k sfofp= n`’; ns[ksj esjks vk’p;Zdks lhek jgsuA Jh lkbZckck gkreq[k èkks,ifN tk¡rksfiUus r;kjhek ykXuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ys tehuek ,mVk VkVdks Vqdk vksN~;kmuq Hk;ks jR;lekfFk gkrys fiUus tk¡rks jk[uq Hk;ksA ogk¡ys dsgh xgq¡ ukM~yksek f>dsj Y;kmuq Hk;ksj vfu vk¶uks dQuh ¼lk/kq QdhjysA yxkmus fo’ks”k [kqdqyks dqrkZ½ dks ckgqyks QdkZbZeqBhys tk¡rksek x¡gw gkysj O;lykbZ fiUu vkjEHk equZHk;ksA

eSys lksPu ykxsa ^^ckckykbZ tk¡rks fiUukys ds Qkbnk** \ ^^ogk¡dks lkFkek r dksgh ifuNSuA lkFkS vk¶uks fuokZg ifu fHk{kk}kjk uS xuqZ gqUN**A ;ks ?kVuk ?kVsdks le;ek R;gk¡mifLFkr v: O;fDrg:dks ifu R;gh /kkj.kk fFk;ksA rj ogk¡l¡x lks/us lkgl dldksfFk;ks j \ ckckys tkarks fiUuq Hk,dks lekpkj rq:UrS lkjk xkmHkfj QSfy;ks j ogk¡dks;ks fofp= yhyk gsuZdks ykfxa rRdkyS uj&ukjhg:dks HkhM elftnfrj nkSM~;ksA

fruhg:e/;s pkj fuMj LokLuhekfulg: HkhMykbZ fpnS vxkfM vk,j oyiwoZd ckckykbZR;kgk¡okV gVk,j ogk¡dks gkrokV tk¡rksdks gkrks [kkslh ogk¡dk yhykg:dks xku xnS xgw¡fiUu vkjEHk xjsA

ifgys r ckck fjlkmuq Hk;ks] rj Qsfj fruhg:dks HkfDrHkko ns[ksj ogk¡ ‘kkUr Hk,jeqLdqjkmu ykXuq Hk;ksA fiUnk rh LokLuh ekfulg:dks euek ;Lrks fopkj vk;ksA^^ckckdks u r ?kj}kj N] u ogk¡dks dquS oky&cPpk uS Nu~A R;LrS u dquS js[kns[k xusZO;fDr uS NA ogk¡ Lo;e~ fHk{kko`fÙk}kjk uS vk¶uks fuokZg xuqZ gqUNA ;lSys ogk¡ykbZHkkstukfndks ykfx ihBksdks vko’;drk uS fdu N j \ ckck r vR;Ur n;kyq gquqgqUNAgqu lDN ogk¡ys ;ks ihBks gkeh loSykbZ okfMZfnuq gqusN**A f;uS fopkjek Mqcsj xhrxkmnS&xkmnS muhg:ys lcS ihBks fifuldsA R;lifN muhg:ys tkarks gVk,j fiBksykbZpkj cjkcj Hkkxek ckMs j vk&vk¶uk Hkkx fy,j R;gk¡ckV tku r;kj Hk,A vfgyslEe

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‘kkUr ykXuqHk;ksA ^^, LokLuhekfulg: gks! ds frehg: ikxy Hk;kS\ frehg: dldksckcqdks eky gMi xjsj yknSNkS gS\ ds dquS _.khdks eky gks ;ks j ;fr lftykslax mBk,jfy,j tknSNkS \ HkSxks] vc ,mVk dke xjA ;ks ihBks fy,j xbZ xkmadks lhekukekNfjnsvksA**

eSys f’kjMhcklhg:lax okokys vfgys ts dqjk xuZq Hk;ks] R;ldks ;FkkFkZek ds rkRi;Z gksHkuh iz’u xjsaA muhg:ys xkmaek gStkdks izdksi tksjlax Hk,dks N j R;lSykbZ gVkmudksykfx ckckdks ;ks mipkj gks Hkusj eykbZ crk,A vfgys rikbZys ts dqjk fiusdks ns[uqHk;ks R;ks xgwa gksbu] ijUrq gStk uS fFk;ks] R;lSykbZ fiusj iwjS uk’k ikfjfnb;ks A ;ks?kVukifN lkafPpuS gStkdks la_e.k ‘kkUr Hk;ks j xzkeoklh lq[kh gqu x,A

;ks dqjk tkusj esjks izlUurkdks ikjkokj uS Hk,uA esjks dkSrwgy tkXu x;ksA eSysvk¡QSlax iz’u xuZ ykxsaA fiBks j gStk jksxdks HkkSfrd rFkk ikj:ifjd ds lEcU/k N \;ldks lw= dljh Fkkgk ikmus \ ?kVuk cqf)ckV iÙkk ykXus tLrks ykXnSuF;ks A vk¶uksân;dks lurqf”Vdks ykfx ;ks e/kqj yhykdks egRo eSys pkj ‘kCnek vo’; uS izdVxuZqiNZ A yhyk mij fpUru xnkZ esjks ân; izQqfYyr Hk,j mB~;ks j ;ljh ckckdksthou&pfj= ys[udks ykfx eykbZ izsj.kk feY;ks A ;ks dke ckckdks d`ik rFkk ‘kqHkvk’khokZnckV lQyrkiwoZd lEiUu gqu x;ks HkUus dqjk r lcS tukykbZ fofnr uSHk,dks N A

ihBks fiUus dqjkdks rkRi;Z%&ihBks fiUus dqjkdks rkRi;Z%&ihBks fiUus dqjkdks rkRi;Z%&ihBks fiUus dqjkdks rkRi;Z%&ihBks fiUus dqjkdks rkRi;Z%&f’kjMhoklhg:ys ;ks ihBks fiUus ?kVukdks tks vFkZ yxk, R;ks r /ksjStlks Bhd uS N A rjR;ldks vfrfjDr esjks fopkjek dquS vdksZ ifu vFkZ N A ckck f’kjMhek lkBh o”kZlEecLuqHk;ks j ;ks ykeks le;lEe cgk¡ys ;ks ihBks fiUus dke izk;% gjsd fnu uS xuZqHk;ksA fiUuqdks vfHkizk; xg¡qykbZ gksbu] fdUrq vk¶uk HkDrg:dk ikig:] nqHkkZX;g:ekufld rFkk ‘kkjhfjd rkig:ykbZ fFk;ks A ogk¡dk tk¡rksdk nqbZ ikVkek ekfFkdks ikVks

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HkfDr rFkk rydks ikVks deZ fFk;ks A ogk¡ys ts }kjk fiUuq gqUF;ks R;ks tkarksdks gkrks fFk;ksKkuA ckckykbZ tclEe uk’k gqu vR;Ur uS eqf’dy gqus vklfDr] ?k`.kk rFkk vgadkjtLrk izo`fDrg: euq”;dk ân;okV uk’k gqnSuu~ R;gk¡lEe Kku rFkk vkRekuqHkwfrlaHko gqnSu HkUus n`< fo’okl fFk;ks A;ks ?kVukys dchjnklthdks ;LrS fdfledks ?kVukdks la>uk fnykm¡N A dchj nklthysvukt fiUu ykxsdh ,mVh LokLuh ekfulykbZ ns[ksj vk¶uk xq: fu;fr fujTtul¡xHkUu ykXuq Hk;ks &% ^^tLrks izdkjys vukt tk¡rksek fifuUN] R;LrS izdkjys eSys ifuHkolkxj:ih tkarksek fiflu ykxsdks ;krukdks vuqHko xfjjgsdksys e jksbjgsdks NA1ogk¡dks xq:ys ifu u Mjk: tk¡rksdks dsUnzek tks Kku:ih eku ¼chpdks dkB½ N]R;lykbZ tLrks fdfleys eSys lekrsdks nsf[kjk[ksdk NkS] R;ljh uS lekÅ A R;lckVVkS tks lqdS ifu /kwyksfiBks gqUN A

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~ Aeaxy gksvksl~ AA

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xr v/;k;ek xzUFkdkjys vk¶uks ekSfyd xzUFk JhlkbZ lPpfj= ¼ejkBh Hkk”kkek½xzUFk jpuk dk;Z vkjEHk xuZ izsj.kk feysdks dkj.k mij izdk’k ikjsdks fFk, A vc muhxzUFk i

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iq:”kdks thouh ys[us nqLlkgl dljh xuZ lDrN A vorkjg:dks LoHkkodks o.kZuekosng: ifu vk¶uks vleFkZrk izdV xnZNu~ A dquS lUrdks pfj= tkUudks ykfx vkQSuS ifgys lUr gquq vR;Ur vko’;d N A Qsfj e r cgk¡dks xq.kxku xuZdks ykfx loZFkkvk;ksX; uS Nq A lUrdks thouh ys[uq ,mVk egku~ dfBu dk;Z gks A ;ldks rqyukeklkrS leqnzdks xfgjkbZ ukIu j R;LrS vkdk’kykbZ diMkys

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mins’kg:dks o.kZu lqUnj ,oa jkspd

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fnuqHk;ks j eSys ifu vk¶uks vgadkjykbZ ogk¡dk Jh pj.kek lefiZr xfjfn,¡A vfu eSysvc esjks ckVks vR;Ur lftyks gqu x;ks j ckckys eykbZ ;ks yksd j ijyksdek lq[khcukb fnuq gqusN HkUus lkspsaA

e Lo;a ckckdks vkKk izkIr xusZ lkgl xuZ lDrSuFksZ A ;lSys eSys ckckdkvUrjM~ax HkDrg: e/;sdk miuke ^^’kkek** gqus ek/kojkol¡x ;ldks ykfx izkFkZukxjsa A muys ;ks dkedks ykfx Jh lkbZckckl¡x fouez ‘kCnek ;Lrks izdkjys izkFkZukxfjfn, ^^;gk¡ v..kk lkgsc gtwjdks thouh ys[u] vfr mRldq gquqgqUN A rj d`i;kgtwjys e ,mVk Qdhj gq¡ R;lSys esjks thouh ys[us uS ds vko’d;rk N j \ uHkuh fnuqgksyk A dsoy gtwjdks d`ik j vuqefrckV uS ;gk¡ys ys[ulDuq gqusN] vFkok gtwjdkJhpj.kdks iq.; izrkiys uS ;ks dk;ZykbZ lQy cukb fnusN A gtwjdks vuqefr rFkkvk’khokZndks vHkkoek dquS dk;Z ifu ;’k ¼dhfrZ½ fnus gqu lDrSu A ;ks izkFkZuk lqusjckckykbZ n;k vk;ks A ogk¡ys vk’oklu j foHkwfr fn,j vk¶uks ojn&gLr ¼ojfnus gkr½esjks f’kjek jk[uq Hk;ks j HkUuq Hk;ks ^^f;uhykbZ thouh j n`”VkUrg: ,df=r xjsjfyfic) xuZ nsÅA e f;uykbZ lgk;rk xusZN A e vkQSys uS vk¶uks thouh ys[ksjHkDrg:dks bPNkiw.kZ xusZNA rj f;uys vk¶uks ^^vge~** R;kxsj esjks ‘kj.kkek vkmuq iNZA tlys vk¶uks thouek ;l izdkjdks vkpj.k xnZN] R;lykbZ e T;knS /ksjS lgk;rkxNZq A esjks thou&dFkkdks dqjk r lftyks N A er f;uykbZ ?kjek clsj uS vusdizdkjys iqU;km¡nNqA tSys f;udks ^^vge~** iwjkl¡x xSlDusN j [kksTnk ys’k ek= ifuikbus NSu R;frcsyk e f;udks vUr%dj.kek izdV Hk,j vkQSays uS vk¶uks thouhys[usNq A esjks pfj= j mins’kg:dks Jo.k ek=ys uS HkDrg:dk ân;ek J)k tkXux,j lthySl¡x vkRekuqHkwfr rFkk ijekuUndks izkfIr gqu tkus N A xzUFkek vk¶ukserdks izfriknu j v:dks [k.Mu rFkk v: dquS fo”k;dks i{k ;k foi{kek O;FkZdksoknfookn xusZ dqps”Vk gquq gqUu A**

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vFkZiw.kZ mikf/k ^^gsekM iUr** %&vFkZiw.kZ mikf/k ^^gsekM iUr** %&vFkZiw.kZ mikf/k ^^gsekM iUr** %&vFkZiw.kZ mikf/k ^^gsekM iUr** %&vFkZiw.kZ mikf/k ^^gsekM iUr** %&^^oknfookn** ‘kCnys eSys ikBdg:ykbZ ^^gsekM iUr** mikf/k dljh izkIr Hk;ks HkUusdqjkdks o.kZu xusZ Nq Hkuh opu fn,dks lE>uk Hk;ksA vc e R;ldS o.kZu xusZNq AJh dkdk lkgsc nhf{kr j ukuk lkgsc pk¡nksjdj esjk vfr ?kfu”B fe= e/;sdk fFk,Amuhg:ys eykbZ f’kjMh x,j Jh lkbZckckdks n’kZudks ykHk mBkmu vuqjks/k xjs A eSysmuhg:ykbZ opu fn,¡] rj dsgh ck/kk vkmukdks dkj.kys esjks f’kjMh ;k=k LFkfxr gqux;ks A esjk ,mVk ?kfu”V fe=dk Nksjk yksukokykek jksxxzLr Hk, Fks A muys lcS lEHkovkf/kHkkSfrd j vk/;kfRed mipkj xjs rj lcS iz;Ru fu”Qy Hk,A Tojks dquS izdkjysifu de Hk,u A vkf[kjek muys vk¶uk xq:nsokykbZ mldks ¼Nksjkdks½ fljkuekclk,A rj ifj.kke ifgysdks tLrS uS Hk;ks A ;ks ?kVuk ns[ksj tc xq: ,mVk ckyddksizk.kdks ifu j{kk xrZ vleFkZ gqUNu~ Hkus mudks mi;ksfxrk uS ds Hk;ks r \ HkUus fopkjvk;ks eykbZ A vfu tc xq:ek lkeF;ZuS NSu Hkus f’kjMh tkukys ds dke Hk;ks r \;Lrks lkspsj eSys ;k=k LFkfxr xfjfn,¡ A ijUrq tks gqus dqjk N R;ks Hk,j uS NkM~N Aizkarkfèkdkjh ukuk lkgsc pk¡nksdj clbZdks nkSMkgkek tk¡nS fFk, A muh Bk.kkckV nknjiqxsj clbZ tkus xkMhdks izrh{kk xfjjgsdk fFk,k R;lScsyk ckanzk yksdy vkbiqX;ks A;lek clsj muh ckanzk iq.ks j f’kjMh ;k=k LFkfxr xjsdksek eykbZ BkMS iDMsA ukuklkgscdks rdZ eykbZ mfpr rFkk jkezks tLrks ykX;ks j ;lSdks QyLo:i eSys R;gh jkreSf’kjMh tkus fu’p; xjh vk¶uks lkeku ck¡/ksj f’kjMhrQZ izLFkku xfjgkysaA eSys flèkSnknj x,j R;kgk¡ckV euekMdks xkMh ifDMus dk;Zde cuk,¡A ;gh vBksV xjh eSysnknj tkus xkMhdks fMCckek izos’k xjsa A xkMh NqV~uS ykxsdks fFk;ks R;LrSek ,mVkeqlyeku esjks fMCckek vk;ks j esjks lkeku ns[ksj esjks xUrO;LFkku ¼tkus Bkm¡½lkèu ykx;ksA eSys vk¶uks dk;ZØe mlykbZ crkbfn,¡ A mlys eykbZ euekMdks xkMhnknjek [kMk gq¡nSu A ;lSys fl/kS cksjh cUnj Hk,j tkuksl~ HkU;ks A ;fn ;ks lk/kkj.k?kVuk u?kVsdks Hk, e vk¶uks dk;ZØe vuqlkj HkksfyiYV f’kjMh iqXu ulDukdksdkj.kys vusd izdkjdks ‘kadk dq’kadkg:ckV ?ksfjUFksa A rj ;Lrks ?kV~uq fFk,uA HkkX;yslkFk fn;ks j HkksfyiYV 1&10 ctsHkUnk ifgys uS e f’kjMh iqxsa A ;ks lu~ 1890 dks dqjk

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gks] tfgys ijns’kh HkDrg:ykbZ cLudks fufEr lkBsckMk ek=k ,mVk LFkku fFk;ksAVk¡xkckV m=sifN e lkbZckck dks n’kZudks ykfx cMks ykykf;r fFk,¡A R;lScsyk HkDrizoj rkR;k lkgsc uwydj elftnckV QdanS fFk, A muys crk, ̂ ^;fr csyk Jh lkbZckckelftndks eksmek gquqgqUN A vfgys [kkfy ogk¡dks izkjfEHkd n’kZu xuksZl~] vfu QsfjLuku vkfn lekIr Hk,ifN lqfoLrkl¡x HksV xuZ tkuksl~** ;ks lqUuklkFk e nkSMsj x,¡j ckckdks pj.k oUnuk ¼ikmdks

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vkjkel¡x funzkdks vkuUn fyUNu A** ;Lrks fdfleys eSys LorU=rkdks i{k fy,¡ jckyklkgscys izkjC/kdks A muys Hkus&^^tks fof/kys ys[ksdks N R;ks ?kVsjS NksM~N A ;lekmPpdksfVdk egkiq:”kg: ifu vlQy Hk,dk Nu~A dgkor uS N&esjks euek dsgh v:uS N] fof/kdks dsgh v: uSA Qsfj lYykgiw.kZ ‘kCnek Hkus** Hkks Hkkblkgsc ;ks cks> fo}ÙkkNksM~uksl~A ;ks vgadkjys rikb¡ykbZ dsgh ifu lgk;rk xuZ lDrSuA ;l fdfleysnqoSi{kdk [k.Mu&e.Muek yxHkx ,d ?k.Vk foRu x;ks j l/kSadks tLrS dsgh fu”d”kZ¼urhtk½ fuDyu ldsuA ;lSys rax j foo’k Hk,j fookn LFkfxr xuZq iU;ksA ;ldksifj.kkeLo:i esjks ekufld ‘kkfUr Hkax gqu x;ksA lkFkS eykbZ ?kksj nSfgd cqf) jvgadkj ugfVUtsylEe fookn gV~us laHkoS gq¡nSu HkUus vuqHko Hk;ksA okLroHkk ;ksvgadkj uS fookndks tM gksA tqucsyk v: O;fDrg:dks lkFkek e elftn x,¡ R;lSc[krek ckckys dkdk lkgscykbZ lEcks/ku xjsj iz’u xuqZ Hk;ks A ^^lkBsokMkek dspfyjgsdks fFk;ks \ ds fo”k;ek fookn Hk,dks fFk;ks \ Qsfj e frj n`f”V fn,j ;h gsekMiUrys ds Hkus \** HkUuq Hk;ksA ;h ‘kCn lqusj eykbZ cek vkmu ldsuA xfgjks fopkj xjsifN e ;ksfu”d”kZek iqxsa fd dgh e Hkfo”;ek l/kSadks ykfx vfHkeku&’kwU; rFkk fouez gqu tkÅ¡

27

HkUus lkspsj esjks vgadkj pw.kZ ikuZdks ykfx r ckckys ;ks vL=dks iz;ksx xuZq Hk,dksgksbu \ vFkok dgha esjks okd~pkrq;Zdks miy{;ek ;ks esjks iz’kalk r gksbu\Hkfo”;frj utj fnank ckck}kjk ^^gsekM iUr** dks mikf/kys foHkwf”kr xuqZ dLrks vFkZiw.kZj Hkfo”; xkspj ¼ifNdks dqjk ns[kus½ fFk;ks HkUus dqjk Li”V gqUNA dkykUrjek nkeksydjys^^Jh lkbZckck laLFkku** dks izcU/k dLrks lqpk::iys rFkk fo}Ùkkiw.kZ

28

fdu N\** HkUus ;ks iz’udks mÙkj gks HkUus muys lkspsA lkbZ yhyk Hkkx 1 la[;k 5 i`“V47 vuqlkj vc dfgY;S ifu LorU= ;k ijrU= O;fDr vk/;kfRed fo”k;g:dksykfx dLrks fl) gqUN HkUus ;ks fo”k;ek okn&fookn xusZ NSu HkUus dqjk euek fu’p;xjsA fduHkus okLrfod vFkZek ijekFkZykHk dsoy xq:dks mins’k ikyu xuqZek uS jgsdksgqUNA ;h mins’kdks o.kZu ewy dkO;&xzUFkdks ;gh v/;k;ek xfj,dks NA R;lekJhjke] Jh—“.k egku~ vorkjh gq¡nk gq¡nSek ifu vkRekuqHkwfrdks ykfx JhjkeykbZ vk¶ukxq: of’k”Vdks j Jh—“.kykbZ vk¶uk xq: lkanhifudks ‘kj.kek tkuq ijsR;ksA ;ks ekxZekmUufr izkIr xuZdks ykfx dsoy J}k j /kS;Z ;h nqbZ xq.k lgk;d gqUNu~ Hkuh ysf[k,dksNA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~ Aeaxy gksvksl~ AA

29

v/;k; 3

Jh lkbZckckdks Loh—fr] vkKkizfrKk] HkDrg:ykbZ dk;Z leiZ.k]ckckdk yhykg: T;ksfr LrEHk Lo:i]ekr`izse&jksfgykdks dFkk] ogk¡dks e/kqj mins’kA

Jh lkbZckckdks Loh—fr j opu fnuq %&xr v/;k;ek o.kZu xjh lfd, vuqlkj ckckys lPpfj= ys[us vuqefr fnanS HkUuqHk;ks&^^lPpfj= ys[udks ykfx esjks iw.kZ vuqefr NA frehys vk¶uks eu fLFkj xjk,j esjksopuek J}k jk[k j fuHkZ; Hk,j drZO;ikyu xfjjgwA ;fn esjk yhykg: ysf[k, Hkusvfo|kdks uk’k gqUNA R;LrS /;ku j HkfDriwoZd lqUukys nSfgd cqf) gVsj HkfDr j izsedksrhoz ¼tksMnkj½ ygj izokfgr gqusNA vfu tlys ;h yhykg:dks xfgjkbrd [kksthxusZN mlykbZ Kku:ih vewY; jRudks izkfIr gqu tkusNA**

;h opu lqusj gsekM iUrykbZ vR;UrS g”kZ Hk;ks j muh fuHkZ; Hk,A muhykbZ vc dk;Zvo’; uS lQy gqusN HkUus n`< fo’okl gqu x;ksA

ckckys ‘kkekfrj utj fnanS HkUuqHk;ks ̂ ^tlys izseiwoZd esjks ukeLej.k xNZ ¼ukela>UN½e mldks lEiw.kZ bPNkg: iwjk xfjfnusNqA mldks HkfDrek mÙkjksÙkj o`f) gqusNA tlysesjks pfj= j dkeg:dks J}kiwoZd xk;u xNZ mlykbZ e gjizdkjys l/kSaHkj lgk;rkxusZNqA tks HkDrx.k ân; rFkk izk.kokV uS eykbZ pkgUNu~] fruhg:ykbZ esjk dFkkg:lqusj LoHkkoSys izlUurk gqusNA tks dksghys esjk yhykg:dks dhrZu xykZ] R;lykbZijekuUn j fpj lUrks”k izkIr gqusN HkUus dqjkek fo’okl jk[kA esjks ;ks fof’k”Vrk N

30

fd tks dksgh vuU;Hkkoys esjks ‘kj.kek vkm¡N] tlys J}kiwoZd esjks iwtk] fujUrjLej.k j esjS /;ku xusZ R;lykbZ e eqfDr iznku xfjfnUNqA1

tks l/kS uS esjks uke Lej.k j iwtk xjsj esjk dFkkg:dks j yhykg:dks izseiwoZd euuxnZNu~] ;Lrk HkDrg:ek lkalkfjd oklukg: vKku:ih izo`fÙkg: dljh cLulDnNu~\ e fruhg:ykbZ e‘R;qdks cckV cpkbfnUNq**

esjk dFkkg: lqUukys eqfDr gqu tkusNA ;lSys esjk dFkkg: J}kiwoZd lqu j euuxjA lq[k j lUrks”k izkfIrdks ljy ekxZ uS ;gh gksA ;lckV Jksrkg:dks fpÙkek ‘kkfUrizkIr gqusN j tc /;ku izxk< j fo’okl n`< gqu tkusN] vfu pSrU;?kul¡x vfHkUurkizkIr gqu tkusNA dsoy ^^lkbZ** ^^lkbZ** dks mPpkj.k ek=ys uS fruhg:dk lEiw.kZ ikiu”V gqu tkusNu~A

fHkUu dk;Zg:dk ykfx HkDrg:ykbZ izsj.kk %&Hkxoku~ vk¶uk dquS HkDrykbZ efUnj] eB cukmu] dlSykbZ unhdks rhjek ?kkV cukmusj dlSykbZ Hkxor~ dhrZu xusZ vkfn ;LrS fHkUu&fHkUu dk;Z xusZ izsj.kk fnuq gqUNA rjogk¡ys eykbZ ^^lkbZ lPpfj=** ys[us iszj.kk xuqZ Hk;ksA dquS ifu fo/kkdks iwjk Kkuugqukys e ;ks dk;Zdks ykfx loZFkk v;ksX; fFk,¡A ;lSys eSys ;Lrks nq”dj ¼xuZ ulfdus½dk;Z xusZ nqLlkgl fdu xuqZ iF;ksZ\ Jh lkbZ egkjktdks ;FkkFkZ thouhdks o.kZu xusZlkeF;Z dldks N\ ogk¡dks —ikys ek= dk;Z lEiUu gqu lEHko NA-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 vU;kf’pUr;Urkseka ;s tuk% i;qZiklrsA

rs”kka fuR;;kfHk;qDrkuka ;ksx {ksea ogkE;ge~AA xhrk 1&22 tks euq”;g: vuU;HkkoysfpUru xnS eykbZ HkTnNu] fujUrj eek ykxsdk rh HkDrg:dks ;ksx{kse e vkQS pykm¡nNA

31

;lSys tc eSys ys[u izkjEHk xjsa vfu ckckys esjks vgadks uk’k xfjfnuq Hk;ks j ogk¡ysLo;a vk¶uks pfj= jpuk xuqZHk;ksA ;lSys ;ks pfj=dks Js;% cgk¡ykbZ uS N] eykbZ NSuAtUeys czkã.k Hk,j ifu e fnO; p{kq&foghu ¼vykSfdd vk¡[kk uHk,dks½ fFk,¡A ;lSys^^lkbZ lPpfj=** ys[u loZFkk v;ksX; fFk,¡A rj Jh gfj—ikckV ds laHko gq¡nSu\ ykVksifu cksyS;k gqUN] yaxMksys ifu ioZr p

32

Nu~A dsoy rh mij /;ku fnuqdks uS vko’;drk NA dFkk Jo.k j dhrZuckV bfUnz;g:dksLokHkkfod fo”k;k’kfDr uk’k gqu tkUN j HkDr okluk jfgr Hk,j vkRelk{kRdkjfrjvxzlj gqu tkUNA ;gh Qy iznku xuZdks ykfx uS ogk¡ys lPpfj= cukmu yxkmuqHk;ksA HkDrx.k vc lftyksl¡x pfj= gs:u] i;ksl~AeykbZ r dsoy ,mVk fufer ek= uS cuk,bdks gksA

ekr` izse %&xkbZdks vk¶uks ckPNksizfrdks izse loZfofnrS NA mldk Lru l/kSa uS nw/kys Hkfj,dks gqUNAtc Hkksdks ckPNks LrurQZ nkSMsj vkm¡N] R;frcsyk nw/kdks /kkjk vkQSa izokfgr gqu ykXnNAR;ljh uS vkekys ifu vk¶uk cPpkdks vko’;drkdks ifgys uS [;ky jkf[Nu~A Bhdle;ek vk¶uks nw/k [kqokm¡fNu~A muhys ckyddks J`M~xkj /ksjS jkekzsl¡x xnZfNu~A rjckydykbZ ;ddks dsgh ifu Kku gq¡nSuA ckyddks lqUnj J`M~axkj vkfn ns[ksj vkekykbZ[kq’khdks ikjkokj gqnSuA vkekdks izse fofp=] vlk/kkj.k j fu%LokFkZ gqUN] tldks dquSmiek uS NSuA Bhd ;lS izdkjys ln~xq:dks izse vk¶uks f’k”; mij gqUNA ;LrS uS izseckckdks eizfr fFk;ksA mnkgj.kdks ykfx R;ks ¼izse½ fuEu izdkjdks fFk;ksA

lu~ 1916 ek eSys uksdjhckV vodk’k fy,¡A eSys ikmus isUlu esjk ifjokjdks fuokZgdksykfx vi;kZIr ¼viqx½ fFk;ksA R;lS o”kZdks xq: iwf.kZekdks fnuek e v: HkDrg:dkslkFkek f’kjMh x,¡A R;gk¡ v..kk fpap.khdjys vkQSays uS esjk ykfx ckckl¡x ;l izdkjizkFkZuk xuqZHk;ks&^^f;uhekfFk d‘ik xuksZl~A f;uys ikmus isUlu fuokZg ;ksX; NSuAifjokjek o`f) HkS jk[ksdksNA —ik vdksZ dquS uksdjh fnykbZ fnuksl~] rkfd f;udks fpUrknwj Hk,j ;h lq[kiwoZd jgwu~A** ckckys tokQ fnuHkq;ks ^^f;uhykbZ uksdjh feYysNA rjvc f;uys esjks lsokek uS vkuUn fyuq iNZA f;udk bPNk lnSo iw.kZ gqusNu~A f;uysvk¶uks /;ku eizfr vkdf”kZr xjsj v/kkfeZd rFkk nq”V ekfulg:dks laxrckV Vk

33

jguq iNZA f;uys loSl¡x n;k j uezrkdks O;ogkj j vUr%dj.kckV esjks miklukkxuqZiNZA ;fn f;uys ;Lrks izdkjdks vkpj.k xuZ lds Hkus fuR;kuUndk vf/kdkjh gqutkusNu~A**

jksfgykdks dFkk %&;ks dFkk Jh lkbZckckdks lEiw.kZ izk.khekfFk leku izsedks lwpd gksA ,d le; jksfgyktkfrdks ,mVk ekUNs f’kjMhek vk;kA R;ks iwjS vXyks] T;knS cfy;ks rFkk lqxfBr‘kjhjdks fFk;ksA ckckdks izseys eqX/k Hk,j Å f’kjMhek uS oLu ykX;ksA Å vkBS izgjvk¶uks pdksZ j ddZ’k /ofuek dqjku ‘kjhQdk dye ¼fy[kkoV] fyfi½ gj iu~mYVks xkm¡ysg:ykbZ O;aX; ok.kys jksInS ̂ ^muhg:ys vk¶uS dkeek /;ku fnÅu~] jksfgykrQZ/;ku ufnÅu~** HkUuqHk;ksA ckckys muhg:ykbZ ^^jksfgykdh iRuh [kjkc LoHkkodh N]mlys jksfgykykbZ j R;LrS eykbZ T;knS nq%[k fnUNsA rj Å jksfgykdk dyeg:dks¼fyfig:dks½ vxkfM mifLFkr gqus lkgl xuZ lfDruA ;lSdkj.k Å ¼jksfgyk½ ‘kkfUrj lq[kek N HkUuq Hk;ksA okLroek jksfgykdh dquS iRuh fFkbuA ckckdks ladsr dqfopkjizfr fFk;ksA v: fo”k;g:dks vis{kk ckck izkFkZuk rFkk bZ’ojdks vkjk/kukykbZ egRofnuq gqUF;ksA ;lSys ogk¡ys jksfgykdks i{kdks leFkZu xjsj xzkeoklhg:ykbZ ‘kkfUriwoZdFkksjS le;lEe mRikar lgus lYykg fnuq Hk;ksA

34

ckckdks e/kqj ¼ehBks½ ve`rksins’k ¼ve`rtLrks mins’k½ %&,dfnu e/;kâudks vkjrhifN HkDrx.k vk&vk¶uk ?kjfrj QdZnSa fFk,] R;lS csykckckys ry ysf[k,dks T;knS lqUnj mins’k fnuq Hk;ks %&

^^freh pkgs dgha uS cl] ts bPNk ykXN R;ks xj] rj frehys ts tLrks xNkSa R;ks lcSeykbZ Fkkgk gqUN HkUus ;ks dqjk lnSo laf>jgwA e uSa leLr izk.khg:dks izHkq ¼Lokeh½ gq¡j ?kV&?kVek O;kIr NqA esjS isVek lEiw.kZ tM rFkk psru izk.kh vVk,dk Nu~A e uSaleLr czâek.Mdks fu;U=.kdrkZ rFkk lapkyd gq¡ A e uS mRifRr] fLFkfr j lagkjdrkZgq¡A esjks HkfDr xusZg:ykbZ dlSys gkfu iqU;kmu lDrSuA esjks /;kudks mis{kk ¼vigsyuk½xusZ O;fDr ek;kdks iklksek QLu tkUNA leLr tUrq] dfeyk rFkk nsf[kus] cnfyus jLFkk;h fo’o esjS Lo:i gqu~A**

;ks lqUnj rFkk vewY; mins’k lqusj eSys rq:UrS vc Hkfo”;ek e vk¶uks xq:dks flokv: dquS ekfuldks lsok xusZ NSu HkUus n‘< fu’p; xjsaA ^^frehykbZ uksdjh feYus N**HkUus ckckdk ;h opudk dqjk esjks HkfLr”dek ckjckj ?kqEu FkkysA ds lk¡PpS us ;Lrks?kVuk ?kVuk HkUus fopkj vkmu ykX;ksA Hkfo”;dk ?kVukg:ys ckckdk opu lR;fufDy,dks Li”V iknZNu~A eykbZ FkksjS le;dks ykfx uksdjh feY;ksA ;lifN e LorU=Hk,j ,d fpÙkys thou i;ZUr ckckdks uS lsok xnSa jgsaA

;ks v/;k; lekir xuZqHkUnk ifgys esjks ikBdg:l¡x ogk¡g:ys lEiw.kZ ck/kkg:tLrks fd vkyL; ¼vYNhiuk½] eudks papyrk rFkk bfUnz;&vklfDr vkfnykbZ Vk

35

xMsdks /kudks ykfx gjc[kr fpfUrr HkSjgUN] R;ljh uS Jh lkbZckckykbZ vk¶uksân;ek /kkj.kk xuksZl~A vkm¡nks v/;k;ek Jh lkbZckckdks f’kjMh vkxeudks o.kZugqusNA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl Aeaxy gksvksl~ AA

36

lUrg:dks vorkj dk;Z %&Hkxon~xhrk ¼pkSFkks v/;k; 7&8½ ek Hkxoku~ Jh —“.k HkUuq gqUN& ^^tc tc /keZdksgkfu j v/keZdks o`f) gqUN vfu R;ks R;ks c[krek e vorkj /kkj.k xNqZA /keZLFkkiukxuZ] nq”Vg:dks fouk’k rFkk lk/kqtug:dks j{kkdks ykfx e ;qx ;qxek tUe fyUNqA**lk/kq rFkk lk/kqtug:dks j{kkdks ykfx e ;qx ;qxek tUe fyUNqA** lk/kq rFkk lUrHkxoku~dk izfrfuf/k Lo:i gqu~A muhg: mi;qDr le;ek izdV Hk,j vk¶uks dk;Ziz.kkyh}kjk vk¶uks vorkj&dk;Z iw.kZ xnZNu~A vFkkZr~ tc czkâe.k] {kf=; j oS’;vk&vk¶uk drZO;ckV foeq[k gqu tkUNu] tc ‘kwnzg: mPp tkfrg:dks vf/kdkj fNUuykXNu~] tc /keZdk vkpk;Zg: ¼xq:g:½ dks vuknj rFkk fuUnk gqu ykXN] tc /keZdkvkpk;Zg: ¼xq:g:½ dks vuknj rFkk fuUnk gqu ykXN] tc /kkfeZd mins’kg:dksmis{kk gqu ykXN] tc czkâe.kg:ys la/;k vkfn deZ NksfMfnUNu~] tc deZB O;fDrg:dks/kkfeZd —R;ek v:fp mRiUu gqu tkUN] tc ;ksxhg:ys /;ku vkfn deZ xuZNksfMfnuUNu~ vfu tc tulk/kkj.kdks dsoy /ku] lUrku j L=h uS loZLo gks HkUus;Lrks /kkj.kk gqu tkUN j ;ljh tc ekfulg: lR; ekxZckV fopfyr Hk,j v/k%irufrj vxzlj gqu ykXnNu~] Rlcsyk lUr izdV Hk,j vk¶uk mins’k rFkk vkpj.k}kjk/keZdks laLFkkiuk xnZNu~A muhg:ys leqnzdks T;ksfr LrEHk >Sa gkehg:ykbZ mfpr ekxZ

v/;k; 4

Jh lkbZckckdks f’kjMhek izFke vkxeu

lUrg:dks vorkj dk;ZA ifo= rhFkZf’kjMhA JhlkbZckckdks O;fDrRo AxkSyh cqckdks vuqHko A Jh foB~ByizdV gquqA {khj lkxjdks dFkk Anklx.kwdks iz;kx LukuAJhlkbZckckdks f’kjMhek iSyks vkxeu rhuvksVk ckMk ¼/keZ’kkyk½

37

n’kZu xnSa lr~iFkfrj fgM~u izsfjr xnZNu~A ;lS ekxZek vusdkSa lUrg:&fuo`fÙkukFk]eqDrk ckbZ] ukenso] xksjk] xks.kkbZ] ,dukFk] rqdkjke] ujgfj] ujlhHkkb] ltu dlkbZ]lkoarkekyh j jkenkl rFkk dS;kSa lUrg: lR; ekxZdks fnXn’kZu xjkmudks ykfxcsXykcsXyS le;ek izdV Hk,A ;h lcdks ifN f’kjMhek Jh lkbZckckdks vorkj Hk;ksA

ifo= rhFkZ f’kjMh %&vgen uxj ftYykek xksnkojh unhdk rhj T;knS uS HkkX;’kkyh Nu~A f;uek vusdkSalUrys tue fy,j vusdkSays vkJ; ik,A ;Lrk lUrg:ek JhKkus’oj egkjktizeq[k gquqgqUF;ks A f’kjMh] vgen uxj ftYykdks dksij xkm¡ rkyqdek NA xksnkojh unhikj xjsihN ckVks lks>S f’kjMh tkUNA vkB ekby fgaMsifN tc rikbZ uhe xkm¡ iqUuqgqUNvfu R;gk¡ckV f’kjMh nsf[ku ykXNA d‘“.kk unhdks fdukjkdk v: rhFkZLFkku xk.kxkiqj]ujflag okMh j vkSnEcjdk cjkcjh uS f’kjMh ifu izfl) rhFkZ gksA tljh nkekthyseaxy cs

38

ek= ifu fpUrk fFk,uA ogk¡ fuMj Hk,j okrkZyki xuqZ gqUF;ks] fofHkUu fdfledkekfulg:lax fefytqyh oLrq gqUF;ks] urZdhg:dks vfHku; rFkk ukp gsuqgqUF;ksAxty dCckyhg: ifu lqUuq gqUF;ksA ;frdk lcS dqjk xnSa jgs ifu ogk¡dks lekf/kvfydfr ek= ifu Hkax gq¡nSuF;ksA vYykgdks uke l/kSaHkj ogk¡dks vksBeS fFk;ksA nqfu;k¡tkxk Hk,dks c[kr ogk¡ lqRuqgqU/;ksA tc nqfu;k¡ lqRF;ks vfu ogk¡ tkXuq gqUF;ksA1 ogk¡dks vUrjLdj.k iz’kkUr egklkxj tLrS ‘kkUr fFk;ksA u ogk¡dks vkJedks dlSysfu’p; xuZ lDrF;ks] ;LrS u ogk¡dks dk;Z iz.kkyhdks uS vUr ikmu lDF;ksA HkUukdksykfx r ogk¡ ,d Bkm¡ek cLuq gqUF;ks] rj fo’odk lEiw.kZ O;ogkj j dkedktdksogk¡ykbZ jkezjh Kku fFk;ksA ogk¡dks njokjdks jax uS vukSBks fFk;ksA ogk¡ gjsd fnu vusdkSafdaonUrh ¼mMUrs dqjk½ HkUuq gqUF;ks rj ogk¡dks v[kaM ‘kkfUr dfr ifu fopfyr gqUuF;ksAogk¡ l/kSa elftndks fHkÙkkdks vMsl yxk,j oLrq gqUF;ksA vfu fcgku] fnm¡lks j lU/;kle;ek ysaMh j pkoMhfrj gkok [kku tkuq gqUF;ks rkifu vkRefLFkr uS HkSjguq gqUF;ksAiwjk fl) Hk,j ifu ogk¡ lk/kdg:dks tLrks vkpj.k xuqZ gqUF;ksA mgk¡ fouez n;kyq rFkkvfHkeku&’kwU; gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡ys l/kSa lcSykbZ lq[k fnuq gqUF;ksA ;Lrks gquqgqUF;ks JhlkbZckck tldk pj.k Li’kZ xjsj f’kjMh ifo= cUUk iqX;ksA mldks ¼f’kjMhdks½ egRovlk/kkj.k gqu x;ksA tLrks fdfleys Kkus’ojys vkyanh j ,dukFkys iSB.kdks mRFkkuxuqZ Hk;ks R;gh:i uSa Jh lkbZckck}kjk f’kjMhykbZ izkIr Hk;ksA f’kjMhdk Qwy] ikr]dadM j iRFkj ifu /kU; gqu~ tlykbZ Jh lkbZ pj.kdeydks pqEcu ikmuqdks lkFkSogk¡dks pj.kjt f’kjek /kkj.k xusZ lkSHkkX; izkIr Hk;ksA HkDrx.kdks fufEr f’kjMh,mVk vdksZ iasjtkxsdk gqUNuA vfu lalkjdks mYVks xfr ns[knk :UNu~AA

39

Jh lkbZdks n’kZu xuqZ uS HkDrg:dks ykfx osneU= fFk;ksA tldks ifj.kkeLo:ivklfDr ?kV~F;ks j vkRen’kZudks ckVks lftyks gUF;ksA ogk¡dks Jh n’kZu uS ;ksx lk/kufFk;ks j ogk¡l¡x okrkZyki xukZys lEiw.kZ iki uk’k gqu tkUF;ksA ogk¡dks iknlsou¼ikmdks lsok½ xuqZ uS f=os.kh ¼iz;kx½ Lukudks leku fFk;ksA R;LrS pj.kke`r ikuxukZys ek= uS lEiw.kZ bPNkg:dks r`fIr gqUF;ksA ogk¡dks vkKk gkezks ykfx osn cjkcjSfFk;ksA izlkn rFkk HkLe xzg.k xukZys fpÙk ‘kqf) gqUF;ksA ogk¡ uS gkezk jke] —“.kgquqgqUF;ks tlys gkehykbZ eqfDr fnuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ uS gkezk ijczâe gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡}U}g:ckV vFkkZr~ fplks] rkrks] ‘kksd] eksg vkfnokV Vk

40

muh gjsd o”kZ ckjh ¼ty½ fy,j ia

41

gqcgq fFk;ksA fp= ns[ksj rFkk ckckdks ‘kCn la>sj dkdk lkgscykbZ Bwyks foLe; j izlUurkHk;ksA muhys ,mVk fp= [kqlh lkFk fdusj R;lykbZ vk¶uks iwtkdksBkek LFkkfir xjsA

Bk.kkdk vodk’k izkIr ekeyrnkj Jh ch-gh- nsoys vk¶uks vuqlU/kku}kjk f’kjMh]ia

42

ns[uklkFk uS HkUu ykXuq Hk;ks& ^^f;udk firk esjk ije fe= fFkj ;lSdkj.k eSysf;uhykbZ ;gk¡ cksyk,dks gq¡A f;uys dfgY;S uSos| viZ.k uxjh eykbZ j foBksokykbZ HkksdSekjsA ;lSys eSys f;uhykbZ ;gk¡ vkmu iszfjr xjsaA vc e f;uhykbZ tksM xjsj uS iwtkekyxkbZ fnusNA**

nklx.kwdks iz;kx Luku %&xax j ;equk unhdks laxeek iz;kx ,d izfl) ifo= rhFkZ LFkku NA R;gk¡ LukukfnxukZys lEiw.kZ iki uk’k gqu tkUN HkUus fgUnqg:dks Hkkouk NA ;lSdkj.k izR;sd ioZekgtkjkS HkDrx.k R;gk¡ tkUNu~ j Lukudks ykHk izkIr xnZNu~A ,diVd nklx.kwys ifuR;gk¡ x,j Luku xusZ fu’p; xjsA ;ks fopkjys ckckckV vkKk fyu muh ckck dgk¡x,A ckckys HkUuq Hk;ks& ^^;fr Vkwys] R;lScsyk ckckdk Jhpj.kg:ckV xaxk&;equkdk /kkjk osxl¡x izokfgr gquykxsA ;ks peRdkj ns[ksj nklx.kwdks izse j HkfDr mfyZu iqX;ksA vk¡[kkg:ckV vk¡lqdk/kkjk cgu ykxsA muhykbZ dsgh fHk=h dkO; izsj.kk Hk;ks j mudks eq[kckV Jh lkbZckckdksizkFkZuk&/kkjk Lor% izokfgr gqu ykX;ksA

Jh lkbZckckdks f’kjMhek izFke vkxeu %&Jh lkbZckckdk vkek ckcq] ogk¡dks tUe j tUeLFkkudks Kku dlSykbZ ifu NSuA ;llEcU/kek /ksjS Nkufcu xfj;ks A ckckl¡x j R;LrS v: ekfulg:l¡x ifu ;ksfo”k;ek lks/kiqN xfj;ks rj dquS larks”kizn mÙkj vFkok lw= gkr ykXu ldsuA okLrfod:iek gkehg: ;l fo”k;ek vufHkK NkSaA ukenso j dchj nklthdks tUe v:ekfulg:dks tLrS xjh Hk,dks fFk,uA ogk¡g: ckyd:iek izd‘frdks dk[kek ikbuqHk,F;ksA ukenso HkheFkh unhdks rhjek xksukbZys j dchj HkkxhjFkh unhdks rhjekrekyys NksMsj jkf[k,dks :iek ikbuq Hk,F;ksA Jh lkbZckckdks lEcU/kek ifu ;LrS uSafFk;ksA mgk¡ f’kjMhek uhe o`{keqfu lksg o”kZdks toku r:uks voLFkkek Lo;a HkDrg:dks

43

uS nsf[kuq gqUF;ksA liukek ifu ogk¡ykbZ dquS ykSfdd oLrqdks bPNk fFk,uA ogk¡ysek;kykbZ gVkbfnuq Hk,dks fFk;ks j eqfDr ogk¡dk pj.kek ifYVjgfUFku~A f’kjMh xkm¡dh,mVh o`) LokLuhekful ukuk pksinkjdh vkekys ogk¡dks ckjsek ;lizdkj o.kZu xjsdhNu~& ^^,mVk toku] LoLFk] QqfrZyks rFkk T;knS jkezks ckyd loZizFke uhe o`{kehulekfèkek yhu Hk,dks nsf[ku vk,A muhykbZ fplks rkrksdks vfydfr ek= ifu fpUrkfFk,uA ;fr lkuks mesjek muhykbZ ;Lrks fdfledks dfBu riL;k xnSa jgsdk ns[ksjekfulg:ykbZ Bwyks vk’p;Z Hk;ksA muh fnuek dlSlax HksV xnSauFks j jkrek fuMj Hk,j,dkUrek ?kqEnFksA ;h ;qoddks vkxeu dgk¡ckV Hk,dks gks Hkusj ekfulg: vk’p;Zpfdr Hk,j lks)S fgM~FksA frudks cukoV rFkk vkd‘fr ;fr lqUnj fFk;ks fd ,diVdek= ns[uklkFk uS ekfulg: vkdf”kZr gqu tkUFksA gsnkZ ;qod tLrS nsf[k, rkifu fruhlèkSa uhedks :[kefu cfljgUFks j dlSdks

44

rhu Hkouuhe o‘{kdks vklikldks Hkwfe Jh gfj fouk;d lkBsys fdusj R;ks Bkm¡ek ,mVk BwyksHkou cuk,A R;ldks uke lkBs&okMk ¼lkBs Hkou½ jkf[k;ksA ckfgjckV vkmus ;k=hg:dksykfx R;gh Hkou uS ,mVk ek= foJke xusZ Bkm¡ fFk;ks] tgk¡ lnSo HkhM HkbjgUF;ksA uheo`{kdkseqfu pkjSfrj pkSrkjk cukb;ksA lha

45

ifgys ,mVk lkuks dqVh ifu fFk,u R;gk¡ rhu&rhu Hkoudks fuekZ.k Hk;ksA ;h lceklkBs okMk ifgyks le;ek T;knS uS mi;ksxh fFk;ks A

cxSpkdks dFkk[ okeu rkR;kdks lgk;rkys Lo;a cxSapkdks gsjpkg] f’kjMhckV JhlkbZckckdks vLFkk;h vuqifLFkfr rFkk pk¡n ikVhydks tUrhek Qsfj f’kjMhek QdZuq]nsohnkl] tkudhnkl j xxkfxjl¡x laxr] eksgnnhu rEcksyhl¡x dq’rh] elftnekfuokl] JhMsaxys j v: HkDrg:izfr isze rFkk v: ?kVukg:dks o.kZu vkm¡nks vè;k;eko.kZu xfj,dks NA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~A eaxy gksvksl~AA

36

lUrg:dks vorkj dk;Z %&Hkxon~xhrk ¼pkSFkks v/;k; 7&8½ ek Hkxoku~ Jh —“.k HkUuq gqUN& ^^tc tc /keZdksgkfu j v/keZdks o`f) gqUN vfu R;ks R;ks c[krek e vorkj /kkj.k xNqZA /keZLFkkiukxuZ] nq”Vg:dks fouk’k rFkk lk/kqtug:dks j{kkdks ykfx e ;qx ;qxek tUe fyUNqA**lk/kq rFkk lk/kqtug:dks j{kkdks ykfx e ;qx ;qxek tUe fyUNqA** lk/kq rFkk lUrHkxoku~dk izfrfuf/k Lo:i gqu~A muhg: mi;qDr le;ek izdV Hk,j vk¶uks dk;Ziz.kkyh}kjk vk¶uks vorkj&dk;Z iw.kZ xnZNu~A vFkkZr~ tc czkâe.k] {kf=; j oS’;vk&vk¶uk drZO;ckV foeq[k gqu tkUNu] tc ‘kwnzg: mPp tkfrg:dks vf/kdkj fNUuykXNu~] tc /keZdk vkpk;Zg: ¼xq:g:½ dks vuknj rFkk fuUnk gqu ykXN] tc /keZdkvkpk;Zg: ¼xq:g:½ dks vuknj rFkk fuUnk gqu ykXN] tc /kkfeZd mins’kg:dksmis{kk gqu ykXN] tc czkâe.kg:ys la/;k vkfn deZ NksfMfnUNu~] tc deZB O;fDrg:dks/kkfeZd —R;ek v:fp mRiUu gqu tkUN] tc ;ksxhg:ys /;ku vkfn deZ xuZNksfMfnuUNu~ vfu tc tulk/kkj.kdks dsoy /ku] lUrku j L=h uS loZLo gks HkUus;Lrks /kkj.kk gqu tkUN j ;ljh tc ekfulg: lR; ekxZckV fopfyr Hk,j v/k%irufrj vxzlj gqu ykXnNu~] Rlcsyk lUr izdV Hk,j vk¶uk mins’k rFkk vkpj.k}kjk/keZdks laLFkkiuk xnZNu~A muhg:ys leqnzdks T;ksfr LrEHk >Sa gkehg:ykbZ mfpr ekxZ

v/;k; 4

Jh lkbZckckdks f’kjMhek izFke vkxeu

lUrg:dks vorkj dk;ZA ifo= rhFkZf’kjMhA JhlkbZckckdks O;fDrRo AxkSyh cqckdks vuqHko A Jh foB~ByizdV gquqA {khj lkxjdks dFkk Anklx.kwdks iz;kx LukuAJhlkbZckckdks f’kjMhek iSyks vkxeu rhuvksVk ckMk ¼/keZ’kkyk½

37

n’kZu xnSa lr~iFkfrj fgM~u izsfjr xnZNu~A ;lS ekxZek vusdkSa lUrg:&fuo`fÙkukFk]eqDrk ckbZ] ukenso] xksjk] xks.kkbZ] ,dukFk] rqdkjke] ujgfj] ujlhHkkb] ltu dlkbZ]lkoarkekyh j jkenkl rFkk dS;kSa lUrg: lR; ekxZdks fnXn’kZu xjkmudks ykfxcsXykcsXyS le;ek izdV Hk,A ;h lcdks ifN f’kjMhek Jh lkbZckckdks vorkj Hk;ksA

ifo= rhFkZ f’kjMh %&vgen uxj ftYykek xksnkojh unhdk rhj T;knS uS HkkX;’kkyh Nu~A f;uek vusdkSalUrys tue fy,j vusdkSays vkJ; ik,A ;Lrk lUrg:ek JhKkus’oj egkjktizeq[k gquqgqUF;ks A f’kjMh] vgen uxj ftYykdks dksij xkm¡ rkyqdek NA xksnkojh unhikj xjsihN ckVks lks>S f’kjMh tkUNA vkB ekby fgaMsifN tc rikbZ uhe xkm¡ iqUuqgqUNvfu R;gk¡ckV f’kjMh nsf[ku ykXNA d‘“.kk unhdks fdukjkdk v: rhFkZLFkku xk.kxkiqj]ujflag okMh j vkSnEcjdk cjkcjh uS f’kjMh ifu izfl) rhFkZ gksA tljh nkekthyseaxy cs

38

ek= ifu fpUrk fFk,uA ogk¡ fuMj Hk,j okrkZyki xuqZ gqUF;ks] fofHkUu fdfledkekfulg:lax fefytqyh oLrq gqUF;ks] urZdhg:dks vfHku; rFkk ukp gsuqgqUF;ksAxty dCckyhg: ifu lqUuq gqUF;ksA ;frdk lcS dqjk xnSa jgs ifu ogk¡dks lekf/kvfydfr ek= ifu Hkax gq¡nSuF;ksA vYykgdks uke l/kSaHkj ogk¡dks vksBeS fFk;ksA nqfu;k¡tkxk Hk,dks c[kr ogk¡ lqRuqgqU/;ksA tc nqfu;k¡ lqRF;ks vfu ogk¡ tkXuq gqUF;ksA1 ogk¡dks vUrjLdj.k iz’kkUr egklkxj tLrS ‘kkUr fFk;ksA u ogk¡dks vkJedks dlSysfu’p; xuZ lDrF;ks] ;LrS u ogk¡dks dk;Z iz.kkyhdks uS vUr ikmu lDF;ksA HkUukdksykfx r ogk¡ ,d Bkm¡ek cLuq gqUF;ks] rj fo’odk lEiw.kZ O;ogkj j dkedktdksogk¡ykbZ jkezjh Kku fFk;ksA ogk¡dks njokjdks jax uS vukSBks fFk;ksA ogk¡ gjsd fnu vusdkSafdaonUrh ¼mMUrs dqjk½ HkUuq gqUF;ks rj ogk¡dks v[kaM ‘kkfUr dfr ifu fopfyr gqUuF;ksAogk¡ l/kSa elftndks fHkÙkkdks vMsl yxk,j oLrq gqUF;ksA vfu fcgku] fnm¡lks j lU/;kle;ek ysaMh j pkoMhfrj gkok [kku tkuq gqUF;ks rkifu vkRefLFkr uS HkSjguq gqUF;ksAiwjk fl) Hk,j ifu ogk¡ lk/kdg:dks tLrks vkpj.k xuqZ gqUF;ksA mgk¡ fouez n;kyq rFkkvfHkeku&’kwU; gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡ys l/kSa lcSykbZ lq[k fnuq gqUF;ksA ;Lrks gquqgqUF;ks JhlkbZckck tldk pj.k Li’kZ xjsj f’kjMh ifo= cUUk iqX;ksA mldks ¼f’kjMhdks½ egRovlk/kkj.k gqu x;ksA tLrks fdfleys Kkus’ojys vkyanh j ,dukFkys iSB.kdks mRFkkuxuqZ Hk;ks R;gh:i uSa Jh lkbZckck}kjk f’kjMhykbZ izkIr Hk;ksA f’kjMhdk Qwy] ikr]dadM j iRFkj ifu /kU; gqu~ tlykbZ Jh lkbZ pj.kdeydks pqEcu ikmuqdks lkFkSogk¡dks pj.kjt f’kjek /kkj.k xusZ lkSHkkX; izkIr Hk;ksA HkDrx.kdks fufEr f’kjMh,mVk vdksZ iasjtkxsdk gqUNuA vfu lalkjdks mYVks xfr ns[knk :UNu~AA

39

Jh lkbZdks n’kZu xuqZ uS HkDrg:dks ykfx osneU= fFk;ksA tldks ifj.kkeLo:ivklfDr ?kV~F;ks j vkRen’kZudks ckVks lftyks gUF;ksA ogk¡dks Jh n’kZu uS ;ksx lk/kufFk;ks j ogk¡l¡x okrkZyki xukZys lEiw.kZ iki uk’k gqu tkUF;ksA ogk¡dks iknlsou¼ikmdks lsok½ xuqZ uS f=os.kh ¼iz;kx½ Lukudks leku fFk;ksA R;LrS pj.kke`r ikuxukZys ek= uS lEiw.kZ bPNkg:dks r`fIr gqUF;ksA ogk¡dks vkKk gkezks ykfx osn cjkcjSfFk;ksA izlkn rFkk HkLe xzg.k xukZys fpÙk ‘kqf) gqUF;ksA ogk¡ uS gkezk jke] —“.kgquqgqUF;ks tlys gkehykbZ eqfDr fnuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ uS gkezk ijczâe gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡}U}g:ckV vFkkZr~ fplks] rkrks] ‘kksd] eksg vkfnokV Vk

40

muh gjsd o”kZ ckjh ¼ty½ fy,j ia

41

gqcgq fFk;ksA fp= ns[ksj rFkk ckckdks ‘kCn la>sj dkdk lkgscykbZ Bwyks foLe; j izlUurkHk;ksA muhys ,mVk fp= [kqlh lkFk fdusj R;lykbZ vk¶uks iwtkdksBkek LFkkfir xjsA

Bk.kkdk vodk’k izkIr ekeyrnkj Jh ch-gh- nsoys vk¶uks vuqlU/kku}kjk f’kjMh]ia

42

ns[uklkFk uS HkUu ykXuq Hk;ks& ^^f;udk firk esjk ije fe= fFkj ;lSdkj.k eSysf;uhykbZ ;gk¡ cksyk,dks gq¡A f;uys dfgY;S uSos| viZ.k uxjh eykbZ j foBksokykbZ HkksdSekjsA ;lSys eSys f;uhykbZ ;gk¡ vkmu iszfjr xjsaA vc e f;uhykbZ tksM xjsj uS iwtkekyxkbZ fnusNA**

nklx.kwdks iz;kx Luku %&xax j ;equk unhdks laxeek iz;kx ,d izfl) ifo= rhFkZ LFkku NA R;gk¡ LukukfnxukZys lEiw.kZ iki uk’k gqu tkUN HkUus fgUnqg:dks Hkkouk NA ;lSdkj.k izR;sd ioZekgtkjkS HkDrx.k R;gk¡ tkUNu~ j Lukudks ykHk izkIr xnZNu~A ,diVd nklx.kwys ifuR;gk¡ x,j Luku xusZ fu’p; xjsA ;ks fopkjys ckckckV vkKk fyu muh ckck dgk¡x,A ckckys HkUuq Hk;ks& ^^;fr Vkwys] R;lScsyk ckckdk Jhpj.kg:ckV xaxk&;equkdk /kkjk osxl¡x izokfgr gquykxsA ;ks peRdkj ns[ksj nklx.kwdks izse j HkfDr mfyZu iqX;ksA vk¡[kkg:ckV vk¡lqdk/kkjk cgu ykxsA muhykbZ dsgh fHk=h dkO; izsj.kk Hk;ks j mudks eq[kckV Jh lkbZckckdksizkFkZuk&/kkjk Lor% izokfgr gqu ykX;ksA

Jh lkbZckckdks f’kjMhek izFke vkxeu %&Jh lkbZckckdk vkek ckcq] ogk¡dks tUe j tUeLFkkudks Kku dlSykbZ ifu NSuA ;llEcU/kek /ksjS Nkufcu xfj;ks A ckckl¡x j R;LrS v: ekfulg:l¡x ifu ;ksfo”k;ek lks/kiqN xfj;ks rj dquS larks”kizn mÙkj vFkok lw= gkr ykXu ldsuA okLrfod:iek gkehg: ;l fo”k;ek vufHkK NkSaA ukenso j dchj nklthdks tUe v:ekfulg:dks tLrS xjh Hk,dks fFk,uA ogk¡g: ckyd:iek izd‘frdks dk[kek ikbuqHk,F;ksA ukenso HkheFkh unhdks rhjek xksukbZys j dchj HkkxhjFkh unhdks rhjekrekyys NksMsj jkf[k,dks :iek ikbuq Hk,F;ksA Jh lkbZckckdks lEcU/kek ifu ;LrS uSafFk;ksA mgk¡ f’kjMhek uhe o`{keqfu lksg o”kZdks toku r:uks voLFkkek Lo;a HkDrg:dks

43

uS nsf[kuq gqUF;ksA liukek ifu ogk¡ykbZ dquS ykSfdd oLrqdks bPNk fFk,uA ogk¡ysek;kykbZ gVkbfnuq Hk,dks fFk;ks j eqfDr ogk¡dk pj.kek ifYVjgfUFku~A f’kjMh xkm¡dh,mVh o`) LokLuhekful ukuk pksinkjdh vkekys ogk¡dks ckjsek ;lizdkj o.kZu xjsdhNu~& ^^,mVk toku] LoLFk] QqfrZyks rFkk T;knS jkezks ckyd loZizFke uhe o`{kehulekfèkek yhu Hk,dks nsf[ku vk,A muhykbZ fplks rkrksdks vfydfr ek= ifu fpUrkfFk,uA ;fr lkuks mesjek muhykbZ ;Lrks fdfledks dfBu riL;k xnSa jgsdk ns[ksjekfulg:ykbZ Bwyks vk’p;Z Hk;ksA muh fnuek dlSlax HksV xnSauFks j jkrek fuMj Hk,j,dkUrek ?kqEnFksA ;h ;qoddks vkxeu dgk¡ckV Hk,dks gks Hkusj ekfulg: vk’p;Zpfdr Hk,j lks)S fgM~FksA frudks cukoV rFkk vkd‘fr ;fr lqUnj fFk;ks fd ,diVdek= ns[uklkFk uS ekfulg: vkdf”kZr gqu tkUFksA gsnkZ ;qod tLrS nsf[k, rkifu fruhlèkSa uhedks :[kefu cfljgUFks j dlSdks

44

rhu Hkouuhe o‘{kdks vklikldks Hkwfe Jh gfj fouk;d lkBsys fdusj R;ks Bkm¡ek ,mVk BwyksHkou cuk,A R;ldks uke lkBs&okMk ¼lkBs Hkou½ jkf[k;ksA ckfgjckV vkmus ;k=hg:dksykfx R;gh Hkou uS ,mVk ek= foJke xusZ Bkm¡ fFk;ks] tgk¡ lnSo HkhM HkbjgUF;ksA uheo`{kdkseqfu pkjSfrj pkSrkjk cukb;ksA lha

45

ifgys ,mVk lkuks dqVh ifu fFk,u R;gk¡ rhu&rhu Hkoudks fuekZ.k Hk;ksA ;h lceklkBs okMk ifgyks le;ek T;knS uS mi;ksxh fFk;ks A

cxSpkdks dFkk[ okeu rkR;kdks lgk;rkys Lo;a cxSapkdks gsjpkg] f’kjMhckV JhlkbZckckdks vLFkk;h vuqifLFkfr rFkk pk¡n ikVhydks tUrhek Qsfj f’kjMhek QdZuq]nsohnkl] tkudhnkl j xxkfxjl¡x laxr] eksgnnhu rEcksyhl¡x dq’rh] elftnekfuokl] JhMsaxys j v: HkDrg:izfr isze rFkk v: ?kVukg:dks o.kZu vkm¡nks vè;k;eko.kZu xfj,dks NA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~A eaxy gksvksl~AA

56

xq:dks dj Li’kZ ¼gkrdks Nqokb½ dks xq.k %&tc lnxq: uS MqMkxykbZ f[k;kmus O;fDr gquqgqUN Hkus ogk¡ys fu’p; uS dq’kyrk rFkkljyrkiwoZd ;ks HkolkxjckV ikj xjkbfnuq gqUNA ^^ln~xq: ‘kCn** dks mPpkj.k xnkZ uSeykbZ Jh lkbZckckdks la>uk vkbjgsNA ;Lrks ykXnN fd ekukSa ogk¡ Lo;a esjks vxkfM[kMk gquqgqUN j esjks f’kjek foHkwfr yxkbjguq Hk,dks NA gsuksZl~] gsuksZl~ ogk¡ys vcvk¶uks oj fnus gkr mBk,j esjks f’kjekfFk jkf[k jkf[k jguqHk,dks NA vc esjks ân;vkuUnys Hkfj,dks NA esjk vk¡[kkckV izsekJq cfgjgsdks NA ln~xq:dks djLi’kZ ¼gkrdksNqokM½ dks ‘kfDr Bwyks j vk’p;Ztud NA lalkjykbZ HkLexusZ vfXuckV ifu uk’k xuZulfdus fyax ¼lw{e½ ‘kjhj dsoy xq:dks dj&Li’kZckV uS iyHkjek uS uk’k gqutkUNA vusd tUedk lEiw.kZ iki uk’k gqu tkUNu~A /kkfeZd j bZ’ojh; izlaxg:ek iwjSvfHk:fp Hk,dks O;fDrdks eu ifu fLFkj gqu tkUNA Jh lkbZckckdks euksgj :idksn’kZu xnkZ ?kk¡Vh [kq’khys Hkfj,j vkm¡N] vk¡[kkckV vk¡lqdk /kkjk cXu ykXNu~A vfu tcân; Hkkoukg:ckV HkfjUN] R;lcsyk ¼R;ks ijczâe e uS gq¡½ Hkkodks tkx`fr Hk,jvkRekuqHkodks vkuUndks vkHkkl gqu ykXnNA e j r¡ dk Hksn ¼}SrHkko½ uk’k gqu tkUNj rR{k.k uS ¼R;frcsyk uS½ czâedks lkFkek vfHkUurk izkIr gqu tkUNA tc e /kkfeZdxqUFkg: iuk gqu tkUNA ckck] jke j —”.kdks:i /kkj.kk xjsj vxkfM [kMk gquqgqUN 2 Lo; vk¶uks thou dFkk eykbZ lqukmu ykXuq

jkeuoeh mRlo j elftndksth.kksZ}kj] xq:dks dj Li’kZ ¼gkrdks½Nqokb½ dks efgek] jkeuoeh mRlo]mlZdks ¼dquS eqlyekudks e`R;qfrfFkekeukbus mRlo½ izkFkfed voLFkk j:ikUrj rFkk elftndks th.kksZ}kjA

v/;k; 6

57

gqUNA vFkkZr~ tc e Hkkxordks Jo.k xnZNq R;frcsyk ckckys Jh —”.kdks :i /kkj.k xuqZgqUNA vfu ;Lrks Hk, tLrks ykXN fd ogk¡ uS leLr Hkkxor ;k HkDr:dks dY;k.kkFkZm}oxhrk lqukbjguq Hk,dks NA tqulqdS csyk dlSl¡x okrkZyki xnkZ ifu mi;qDr vFkZla>kmu lDus mnkgj.k fnu lDukdks fufEr ckckdk dFkkg:ykbZ uS vk¶uks euekjk[ksdks gqUNqA R;lcsyk ,d ‘kCn ;k okD;dks jpuk ifu xuZ lfDruA rj tc ogk¡ysLo; —ik xjsj] e }kjk ys[kkmu yxkmuq gqUN] R;fr[ksj Qsfj R;ldks ¼ys[kkbdks½ dquSvUr uS gqnSuA tc HkDrg:ek vgadkj c

58

^^esjk oDrg:dk ?kjek vUu rFkk oL=dks dfgY;S ifu vHkko gqus NSuA ;ks esjkfof’k”Vrk N fd tks HkDr esjks ‘kj.kke vkm¡Nu~ j mUr% dj.kckV uS esjks mikld gqUNu~]frudks dY;k.kdks ykfx e lnSo fpfUre jgUNqA 2 —“.k Hkxoku~ys ifu xhrkek ;ghla>kmuuq Hk,dks NA ;lSys Hkkstu rFkk oL=dks yfx c

59

ykfx ljdkjh vkKk vko’;d fFk;ksA ;ldks ykfx ,d izkFkZuk i= dysDVj dgk¡iBkb;ksA rj xzke dqyd.khZ ¼iVokjh½ ys vkifÙk mBk,dks dkj.kys Loh—fr izkIr gquldsuA ijUrq ckckdks vk’oklu izkIr HkSldsdks uS fFk;ksA R;lSdkj.k Qsfj iz;RuxjsifN Loh—fr izkIr HkS x;ksA ckckdks vuqefrckV jkeuoehdks fnuek esyk HkusZfuf’pr Hk;ksA dsgh fu”d”kZ ¼ifj.kke½ ykbZ /;kuek jk[ksj uS cgk¡ys ;Lrks vkKk fnuqHk,dks gks HkUus ykXNA vFkkZr~ m:l j jkeuoehdk mRlog:dks ,dhdj.k rFkk fgUnq&eqfLye ,drkA Hkfo”;dk ?kVukg:CkkV uS ;ks /;s; iw.kZ:iys lQy Hk;ks HkUus Li”VgqUNAifgyks ck/kk r dquS izdkjys ik; Hk;ksA vc ikuhdks vHkkodks nksJks dfBukbZ [kMk Hk;kAf’kjMh r ,mVk lkuks xkm¡ fFk;ksA ifgysnsf[k uS R;gk¡ ikuhdks vHkko HkbZ uS jgUF;ksAxkm¡ek dsoy nqbZ dqok fFk, tle/;s ,mVk r izk;% lqdsj tkus xF;ksZ j vdkZdks ikuhuqfuyks fFk;ksA ckckys R;lek Qwy gkysj R;ks dqckdks ikuhykbZ ehBks oukbfnuqHk;ksAijUrq ,mVk dqckdks ikuh dfr ekfuldks ykfx i;kZIr gqu lDF;ks j\ ;lSys rkR;kikVhyys ckfgckV ikuh exkmus izcU/k xjsA dkB j ck¡ldk dPpk ily cuk,A lkFkSdq’rhg:dks ifu vk;kstuk xfj;ksA xksiky jko xq¡Mdk ,mVk fe= nkewv..kk dlkjvgen uxjek cLnFksA muh ifu lUrkughu gqukdks dkj.kys nq%[kh fFk,A Jh lkbZckckdks—ikckV muykbZ ifu ,d iq=jRudks izkfIr Hk;ksA Jh xq¡Mys muhykbZ ,mVk /otk fnuHkusA ,mVk /ot tkfxjnkj Jh ukuk lkgsc fueks.kdjys ifu fn,A ;h nqcS /otk Bwykslekjksgdk lkFk xkmckV fudkfy, j vUrek fruykbZ ckckys ^^}kjdkekbZ** HkUusukeys iqdkfjus elftndk dqukek QgjkbZ fnuq Hk;ksA ;ks dk;ZØe vfgys ifu ifgysdS>Sa pfyjgsdks NA

pUnu lekjksg %&;ks esykek ,mVk vdksZ dk;ZØedks ifu Jh x.ks’k Hk;ks] tks pUnuksRlcdks ukeys izfl)NA ;ks dksjgydk ,d eqfLye HkDr vehj lDdj nykydks efLr”ddks lkspkb fFk;ksAizk;% ;l fdfledks mRlo fl} eqfLye lUrg:dks lEekuek uS xfj,dks gqUNA ifgys

60

iz’kLr pUnu nysj] /ksjS uS pUnu&/kwi ¼pUnudks /kwi vFkkZr~ Jh[k.Mdks /kwi] Fkkyhg:ekHkfjUN j yksgoku ¼/kwi½ ckfyUNA vfu vUrek R;lykbZ elftnek iqUt,j tqywllekIr gqUNA Fkkyhg:dks pUnug: j /kwi uhedks :[kek j elftndks fHkÙkkg:ekgkfyfnbUNA ;ks mRlodks izcU/k ifgys rhuo”kZ lEe Jh vehj lDdjys xjs j muhifNmudh /keZ iRuhys xfju~A ;l izdkj fgUnwg:}kjk /otk j eqlyekug:}kj pUnudkstqyql ,d lkFk pYu ykX;ks j vfgyslEe ifu R;ljh uS pfyjk[ksdks NA

izcU/k%&jkeuoeh Jh lkbZckckdk HkDrg:dks vR;Ur uS fiz; j ifo= fnu gksA R;l fnuekdke xuZdks ykfx /ksjS uS Lo;alsod r;kj gqUFks j fruhg: esykdks izcU/kek lfØ;kHkkx fyUFksA ckfgjdks lEiw.kZ dkeg:dks Hkkj rkR;k ikVhyys j fHkUurk dkedks Hkkj JhlkbZckckdh ,d ijeHkDr efgyk jk/kkd‘“.k ekbZys lekfYFku~A ;ks ekSdkek mudksfuoklLFkku ikgqukg:ys HkfjHkjkm gqUF;ks j muys lcS ekfulg:dk vko’;drkdksifu /;ku jk[uqiF;ksZ j lkFkS muhys esykdk lcS vko’;d oLrqg:dks ifu izcU/kxnZfFku~A muys Lo;a [kq’khl¡x xusZ vdksZ dke fFk;ks&elftn~dks lQkbZ xuqZ] pwuyxkmuq vkfnA elftndks IykLVj xjsdks HkwbZ rFkk fHkÙkkg: fujUrj /kwuh cYus gqukysdkyk Hk,dk fFk,A jkrek ckck pkoMhek foJke xuZ tkuq Hk,dks c[krek muh ;ksdke ¼lQkbdks dke½ xusZ xfFkZu~A lcS phtg: /kwuh lfgr ckfgj fudkYuq inZF;ks jlQkb&iksrkb Hk,ifN ifgysdS tLrS xjh ltk,j NksfMUF;ksA ckckdks vR;Ur fiz; dk;Zxjhcg:ykbZ Hkkstu xjkmuq ifu ;gh dk;ZØedks ,d vax fFk;ksA ;ks dkedks ykfxBwyks Hkkstdks vk;kstu xfjUF;ks j vusd izdkjdk feBkbZg: cukbUF;ksA ;ks lc dkejk/kkd‘“.k ekbZdS fuoklLFkkuek uS gqUF;ksA /ksjS /kuk

61

m:ldks jkeuoehdks pkMl¡x leUo; %&loS dk;ZØe ;LrS fdfleys jkezksl¡x pYnSjgw;ks j esykdks egRo foLrkj&foLrkj c~;ksA ;lS le;ek Jh y{e.k jko miukedkdkegktuh iwtkdk lkexzh fy,j elftnfrj tk¡nS fFk,A rh nqbZek fopkj&fofu;e¼NyQy½ gqu ykX;ksA f’kjMhek m:l j esyk Bhd jkeuoehdks fnuek uS gquqekvo’; dquS xw< jgL; jgsdks N HkUus dqjk muhg:ys lkspsA jkeuoeh fgUnwg:dks T;knSfiz; fnu gksA ;fn jkeuoeh mRlo ¼vFkkZr~½ Jh jkedks tUe fnol½ dks ifu Jhx.ks’k xfjfn,ek dLrks csl gqUF;ks\ dkdk egktuhykbZ ;ks fopkj fudS jkezks ykX;ksAvc ;ks ‘kqHk voljek dhrZu j bZ’ojdks xq.kkuqokn xuZ lDus gfjnkl ikmuq eq[;dfBukb fFk;ksA ijUrq Hkh”eys ;ks leL;kdks lek/kku xfjn,A eSys vkQSays cuk,dksjketUedks o.kZu Hk,dks ^^jke vk[;ku** rS;kj HkSldsdks NA e R;lSdks dhrZu xjkSaykAfrehys gkjeksfu;eek lkFk fnuwA lkFkS jk/kkd‘“.kekbZys lqaBoMk ¼lqBks j fpuh fefl,dkspw.kZ½ rS;kj xfjfnus Nu~A

vfu rh nqcS rq:UrS ckckdks Loh—fr izkIr xuZdks ykfx elftnek x,A ckck rvUr;kZeh gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡ykbZ r okMk ¼Hkou½ ek ds ds HkSjk[ksdks N HkUus lcS dqjkdkstkudkjh fFk;ksA ckckys egktuhl¡x ^^R;gk¡ ¼okMkek½ ds ds dqjk HkSjgsF;ks** Hkuh iz’uxuqZ Hk;ksA ;Lrks vkdfLed iz’uys egktuh ?kcMk, j ckckdk ‘kCndks vfHkizk;ula>ukdks dkj.kys muh LrC/k ¼tMhHkwr½ Hk,j [kMk HkSjgsA vfu ckckys Hkh”el¡x ^^dsdqjk gks** Hkuh lks/uq Hk;ksA Hkh”eys jkeuoeh&mRlo eukmus fopkj ckckdks vxkfMjk[ks j Lohd‘fr fnu izkFkZuk xjsA ckckys [kq’khlkFk vuqefr fnuqHk;ksA lcS HkDr[kq’kh Hk,j jketUeksRlo eukmus rS;kjh xuZ ykxsA HkksfyiYV jaxh&fojaxh >.Mkg:ckVelftn ltkb;ksA Jherh jk/kk—“.kekbZys ,mVk Hkksyqaxks Y;k,j ckckdks vkludks

62

vxkfM jkf[kfnbu~ j vfu mRlo izkjEHk Hk;ksA Hkh”e dhrZu xuZ [kMk Hk, j egktuhgkjeksfu;eek muhykbZ lkFk fnu ykxsA R;lScsyk ckckys egktuhykbZ cksykmu iBkmuqHk;ksA ;rk ckckys mRlo eukmus vkKk fnuq gks fd gksbu Hkuh egktuh ‘kafdr fFk,Arj muh ckckdks uxhp iqXuklkFk ckckys muhl¡x iz’u xuqZHk;ks& ^^;ks lc ds gksA ;ks>ksyqaxks ;gk¡ fdu jkf[k,dks gksA** egktuhys ^^jkeuoehdks dk;ZØe izkjEHk HkSlaD;ks];lSdkj.k Hkksyqaxks ;gk¡ jkf[k,dks gks** Hkuh crk,A ckckys [kksikckV nqgVk ekyk f>DuqHk;ksA R;le/;s ,mVk ekyk ogk¡ys dkdkthdks xykek jkf[kfnuq Hk;ks j vdksZ pkghaHkh”edks yfx iBkbfnuq Hk;ksA

vc dhrZu izkjEHk Hkbldsdks fFk;ksA dhrZu lekIr Hk,ifN ^^Jhjktkjke** dks BwyksLojys t;t;dkj Hk;ksA dhrZudks LFkkuek vchjdks o”kZ xfj;ksA lkjkdk lkjk [kq’khysjekbjgsdks c[krek vapkud ,mVk xtZnks /ofu muhg:dks dkuek iU;ksA okLroekvchjdks o”kkZ HkS jgsdks le;ek R;ldks dsgh d.k vuk;kl uS ckckdks vk¡[kkek iuZx;ks vfu r ckck ,dne fjlk,j Bwyks Lojek vi’kCn HkUu j >ikuZ ykXuq Hk;ksA ;ksnq’; ns[ksj lcStuk Mjk,j NViVkmu ykxsA ckckdks LoHkkcl¡x jkezksl¡x ifjfprvarjax HkDrg: ;h vi’kCnykbZ dfgys [kjkc ekUus [kkys fFk, j \ ckckdk ;h ‘kCnrFkk okD;g:ykbZ muhg:ys vkf’kokZn lE>sA vkt jkedks tUe fnu gks] ;lSys jko.kdksuk’kdks lkFkS vgadkj rFkk nq”V izo`fÙk:ih jk{klg:dks lagkjdks ykfx ckckykbZ fjlmB~uq loZFkk mfpr uS gks HkUus muhg:ys lksspsA ;ldks lkFklkFkS tc dquS le;ek ifuf’kjMhek dquS u;k¡ dk;ZØe xuZ ykfxUF;ks] R;ks csyk ckck ;LrS fdfleys dqfir ;k=q} HkSgkYus xuqZ gqUF;ks HkUus dqjk ifu muhg:ykbZ jkezksl¡x Fkkgk fFk;ksA ;lSys muhg:lcS LrC/k ¼tMhHkwr½ uS HkS jgsA ;rk jk/kkd`”.kekbZ ifu dgha ckckys lkuks HkywMMks rrksMQksM xuqZ gqUu Hkusj Mjys daik;eku fFkbu~A ;lSys muys dkdk egktuhl¡x lkuks>yqMMks gVkmudks ykfx Hkfuu~A rj ckckys muhykbZ ;lks xuZ fnuq Hk,uA dsgh le;ifNckck ‘kkUr gquqHk;ks j R;ks fnudks egkiwtk j vkjrhdks dk;ZØe dquS fo?u fouk uSlekIr Hk;ksA rj ckckys v>S mRlo iwjk Hk,dks NSu Hkuh ekx vLohd`r xuqZHk;ksA

63

HkksfyiYV xksikydkyk mRlo eukb;ksA R;lifN ek= Hkksyqaxks mBkmus vkKk fnuq Hk;ksAmRloek ngh&fefJr fpmjk ,mVk ekVkdks Hkk¡Mkek HkqUM;kbfngUN j dhrZu lekIrHk,ifN R;ks Hkk¡Mks QksfjfnbUNA vfu R;ks fpmjk Jhd`”.kys Xokykg:l¡x xjs tLrS xjhizlkndks :iek lcSykbZ ok¡fMfnbUNA jkeuoeh mRlo ;ljh uS fnuHkfj pyh uS jg~;ksAfnudks le;ek nqbZ /otkdks tqywl j jkrdks le;ek pUnudks tqywl oMks /kwe/kkedkslekjksg lkFk fudkfy;ksA ;gh le;ifN m:ldks mRlo jkeuoehdks mRloek ifjofrZrgqu x;ksA

nksJks o”kZ ¼lu~ 1912½ okV jkeuoehdks dk;ZØedks lwfpek o`f) gqu ykX;ksA Jherhjk/kk—“.kekbZys pS=dks izfrink ¼ijsok½ okV uke&lIrkg izkjEHk xfjfnbu~A ¼yxkrkjfnu jkr 7 fnurd Hkxokudks uke fyuqykbZ ^^uke lIrkg** HkfuUN½A lcS HkDr;lek ikySikyksl¡x Hkkx fyus xFksZA muh ifu fcgku lfEefyr gqus xfFkZu~ ns’kdks lcSHkkxek jkeuoehdks mRlo eukbus xfjUNA ;lSys nksJks o”kZ gfjnkl ikmus dfBukbQsfj [kMk Hk;ksA rj mRlodks ifgys uS ;ks leL;k lek/kku gqu x;ksA ik¡p] N fnuifgys uS egktuhdks ckyk cqckl¡x vdjekr~ HksV gqu x;ksA cqck lkgsc ^^vk/kqfudrqdkjke** dks ukeys izfl) fFk,A ;ks o”kZ dhrZudks dke muhykbZ uS lkSfi;ksA rsJks o”kZlu~ 1913 ek Jh gfjnkl ¼lkrkj ftYykdk Jhckyk cqck lkrkjdj½ o‘gn~ fl) doVsxkm¡ek Iysxdks izdksi Hk,dkys vk¶uks xkm¡ek gfjnkldks dke xuZ lDrSuFksA ;ks o”kZmuh f’kjMhek vk,A dkdklkgsc nhf{krys mudks dhrZudks ykfx ckckckV vuqefrizkIr xjsA ckckys ifu fruhykbZ ;Fks”V iqjLdkj fnuqHk;ksA lu~ 1914 ek gfjnkldksdfBukb ckckys l/kSadks ykfx lek/kku xfjfnuQ Hk;ksA ogk¡ys ;ks dk;Z LFkk;h :iysnklx.kw egkjktykbZ lkSfiafnuq Hk;ksA R;lcsyknsf[k muys ;ks dke jkezks rjhdkys lQyrkj fo}rkiwoZd iwjk yxudk lkFk xnSa jgsA lu~ 1912 nsf[k mRlodks voljek ekfulg:dksla[;kek mÙkjksÙkj o`f) gqu ykX;ksA pS= ‘kqDy v”Vehnsf[k }kn’khlEe f’kjMhekekfulg:dks la[;kek ;fr c

64

gqu ykX;ksA xjhcg:ykbZ Bwyks Lrjek Hkkstu xjkbu ykfx;ksA jk/kkd‘“.kekbZdks /kksjifjJedks QyLo:i% f’kjMhykbZ laLFkkudks :i feY;ksA lEifÙk ifu fnu izfrfnuc

65

[kEckg:ykbZ m[ksysj Qkfyfnuq Hk;ks j T;knS fjlkmuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ys rh [kEckg:ykbZm[ksysj Qkfyfnuq Hk;ks j T;knS fjlkmuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ys ,d gkrys [kEck lekrsj R;lykbZm[ksYu ykXuq Hk;ks j vdksZ gkrys rkR;kdks QsVk ¼lkQk½ QqdkYuq HkbZ R;lek vkxksyxk,j [kkMyek Qsafdfnuq Hk;ksA ckckdk vk¡[kk cysdk fQfyM~xk tLrS jkrk Hk,AdlSdks ifu ogk¡frj vk¡[kk mBk,j gsusZ lkgl gqnSuF;ksA lcS ukjkezksl¡x Mjk,j ^^vc dsgqus gks** Hkuh fopfyr gqu ykxsA Hkkxksth f’kUns ¼ckckdk ,d dksjh HkDr½ dsgh lkglxjsj vxkfM cuk vkm¡nStkUN R;ljh uS frudks o.kZu xfjus NA vdksZ v/;k;ek ckck fnUnq gks fd eqlyeku gks;ldks foospuk xfjusNA R;LrS cgk¡dks ;ksx&lk/ku] ‘kfDr j v: fo”k;g:izfr ifufopkj xfjusNA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~Aeaxy gksvksl~AA lIrkg ikjk;.k&izFke foJkeA

66

Jh lkbZckck leLr ;kSfxd fØ;kg:ek ikjaxr gquqgqUF;ksA 6 izdkjdk fØ;kg:dks riwjk tkudkj gquqgqUF;ksA 6 izdkjdk fØ;kg: tlek /kkSfr ¼,mVk rhu bap pkSMk j lkS uS tksM~uq½ jlekf/k vkfn ifu lfEefyr Nu~A ;fn ogk¡ fgUnw gquqgqUF;ks HkukSa Hkus vkd`frckV mgk¡eqlyeku tLrks ykXuq gqUF;ksA mgk¡ fgUnq gquqgqUF;ks ;k eqlyeku HkUus ;ks dqjk dlSysifu fu’p;diwoZd HkUu lDrSuF;ksA ogk¡ fgUnqg:dks HkUus ;k dqjk dlSys ifufu’p;diwoZd HkUu lDrSuF;ksA ogk¡ fgUnqg:dks jkeuoeh mRlo fof/kiwoZd eukmuqgqUF;ks j lkFkS eqlyekug:dks pUnuksRlo ifuA ogk¡ mRlog:ek dq’rh vkfnykbZizksRlkgu xuqZdks lkFkS ftRusg:ykbZ iz’kLr iqjLdkj fnuq gqUF;ksA xksdqy v”Veh ¼Jhd`”.ktUek”Veh½ ek ogk¡ ^^xksikydkyk** mRlo ifu cMks /kwe/kkel¡x eukmuq gqUF;ksA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1- rkft;k & ck¡ldk dkpksZih Hkfj,dk flBkg: j jaxhu dkxt vkfndkV

cukb,dk bekeglu j beke gqlsudk dcdk vkdkjdk oLrqg: tks dquS[kkl rksfd,dks Bkm¡ek xkfMbUNuA

Jh lkbZckckdks izd‘frA ogk¡dks ;kSfxdfØ;kg:A ogk¡dks loZO;kidrkAdq”Vjksxhdks lsokA [kkiMsZdks NksjkdksIysxA ia

67

bZndks fnuek ogk¡ eqlyekug:ykbZ elftnek uekt i

68

Hkk¡Mkek eq[k xkMsj LorUrkiwoZd [kkUFks] rj ogk¡ys dfgY;S ifu dsgh ifu vkifÙk xuZqHk,uA ;Lrks viwoZ j vn~Hkwr lkbZckckdks vorkj fFk;ksAifgysdk tUeg:dk ‘kqHk laLdkjg:dks ifj.kkeLo:i eykbZ ifu ogk¡dk Jhpj.kg:dkslehi cLus j ogk¡l¡xdks lRlaxrdks ykHk mBkmus lkSHkkX; izkIr Hk;ksA eykbZ tqulq[k j vkuUndks vuqHko Hk;ks R;ldks o.kZu e dqu izdkjys xuZ lDnNq j \ ;FkkFkZekckck v[k.M lfPpnkuUn gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡dks egkurk j vf}rh;rkdks c[kku dks xuZlDnN\ tlys ogk¡dk Jhpj.kdeydks ‘kj.k fy;ks] mlykbZ lk{kkRdkjdks izkfIr Hk;ksAvusd lU;klh] lk/kd rFkk v: eqeq{k ¼eks{k gqu [kksTus½ tu ifu ogk¡dgk¡ vkmusxnZFksA ckck ifu lnSo muhg:dks lkFkek MqYnk&fQnkZ] mB~nk&cLnk muhg:l¡x okrkZykixjsj muhg:dks fpÙk izlUu ikusZ xuqZ gqUF;ksA ^^vYykg ekfyd** ;ks ‘kCn ogk¡dksvksBSek fFk;ksA ogk¡ dfgY;S ifu fookn j erHksnek iuqZ gqUuF;ksA l/kSa ‘kkUr j fLFkjjguq gqUF;ksA rj dfgys&dfgys ogk¡ fjlkmu iqXuq gqUF;ksA ogk¡ lnSo osnkUrdks f’k{kkfnus xuqZ gqUF;ksA okLroek lkbZckck dks gquqgqUF;ks HkUus dqjk dlSys ifu vUrrdtkUu ldsuA vehj rFkk xjhc nqcS ogk¡dks ykfx cjkcj fFk,A ogk¡ ekfulg:dks x`g~;dqjkg: iwjs :iek tkUuq gqUF;ks j tc ogk¡ R;ks xqg~; jgL; izdV xuqZgqUF;ks vfu lcSvk’p;Z pfdr gqu tkUFksA Lo;a Kkukorkj Hk,j ifu ogk¡ lnSo vKkurkdks izn’kZuxusZ xuqZ gqUF;ksA ogk¡ykbZ lnSo vknj lRdkjl¡x v:fp fFk;ksA lkbZckckdks fof’k”Vrk;Lrks fdfledks fFk;ksA gquqgqUF;ks r ogk¡ ‘kjhj/kkjh rj ogk¡dk dkeg:ckV bZ’ojh;rkLi”V >YdUF;ksA f’kjMhdk lEiw.kZ ujukjh ogk¡ykbZ ijczâe uS ekUnFksA

fo’ks”k %&¼1½ ckckdks lkFkSek elftn rFkk pkoMhek lqRus Jh ckckdk ,mVk varjax HkDrEgkylkifrykbZ ckckys ^^esjks tUe ikFkMhZdks ,d czkâe.k ifjokjek Hk,F;ksA esjkekrk&firkys eykbZ okY;koLFkkek uS ,mVk QdhjykbZ lkSafifnuq Hk,F;ks** HkUuq Hk,F;ksAtqucsyk ;ks ppkZ pfyjgsdks fFk;ks R;lScsyk ikFkMhckV dsgh O;fDr ogk¡ vk, j ckckysmuhg:l¡x dksgh ekfulg:dks lEcU/kek lks/kiqN xuqZHk;ksA ¼2½ Jherh dk’khckbZ

69

dkusjdj ¼iqukdh ,d izfl) fonq”kh efgyk½ ys lkbZyhyk if=dk Hkkx 2 ¼lu~ 1934½dks i`“B 71 ek vuqHko ua- 5 ek izdkf’kr xjsdh Nu~ fd ckckdk pekRdkjg:ykbZ lqusjgkehg: vk¶uks czâeonh laLFkkdks i}fr ¼fu;e½ vuqlkj foospuk xjh jgsdk fFk;kSaAfookndks fo”k; fFk;ks& Jh lkbZckck czãoknh gquqgqUN ;k okeekxhZ HkUusA dkykUrjektc e f’kjMhek x,¡ R;lcsyk eykbZ ;l lEcU/kek vusd fopkj mfBjgsF;ksA eSyselftndk fla

70

ifu ogk¡dks egkurkdks vUr ikmu ldsuA ogk¡dks dhfrZ Vk

71

ckck ;kSfxd fØ;kg: %&ckckykbZ lEiw.kZ ;kSfxd iz;ksx j fØ;kg: ¼;ksx xusZ rjhdkg:½ dks tkudkjh fFk;ksArhue/;s [kkfy nqgVkdks ek= ;gk¡ mYys[k xfj,dks NA

¼1½ /kkSfrfØ;k ¼vkUnzk lQk xusZ rjhdk %&rhu rhu fnuek ckck elftnckV fudS VkS ifu ok¡fpjgsdk Nu~A muhg:ys ;kslR;dks ijh{kk ifu xjsdk fFk,A

lk/kkj.k /kkSfrfØ;k ,d fnu bUp pkSMk j lk¡Sa â”Viq”V j LoLFkns[ksj muhykbZ cMks vk’p;Z ykxsNA fruykbZ vfxYyks fnuek ns[ksdks n`’; dgha liuk rfFk,u HkUus ykX;ksA

72

ckck ckyddkynsf[k uS ;kSfxd fØ;k xusZ xuqZ gqUF;ks j ogk¡ykbZ tks voLFkk izkIrHkSaldsdks fFk;ks R;ldks lk¡pks Kku dlSykbZ ifu fFk,uA mipkjdks ukeys ogk¡ys dlSl¡xiSlk ifu Lohdkj xuqZ Hk,uA vk¶uks mRre yksdfiz; xq.kg:dks dkj.kys ogk¡dks dhfrZVk

73

dq”V jksxhdks lsok %&ek/ko jko ns’k ik.Ms}kjk ckckdks gkr iksafyu x,dks lekpkj ik,j Jh uku lkgscpk¡nksjdj] cacbZdks lqizfl) MkDVj Jh ijekuUndks lkFkek vkS”kf/k] ysi] fyUV ¼?kkmHkuZ jkf[kus uje diMk½ rFkk iVVhg: vkfnl¡xS fy,j fNVksl¡x f’kjMhek vk,A muysckckl¡x MkDVj ijekuUnykbZ gkr tkPu j iksysdks Bkm¡ek vkS”kf/k yxkmu fnu vuqefrekaxsA ;ks izkFkZuk vLoh—r Hk;ksA gkr iksYu x,ifN ,mVk dq”V jksx&ihfMr HkDrHkkxksth flafn;kys ogk¡dks gkrek l/kSa uS iVVh ck¡}FksA gjsd fnu iksysdks Bkm¡ek ?;w ?kLuqj R;lekfFk ,mVk ikr jk[ksj iVVhg:ys R;lykbZ Qsfj ifgysdks >Sa dlh ck¡fNfnuq uSmldks dke fFk;ksA ?kkm fNVVS uS Hkfj;ksl~ HkUukdks ykfx ukuk lkgscys iVVh NksMh Mk-ijekuUnl¡x tk¡p j mipkj xjkmu ckckl¡x ckjEckj vuqjks/k xjsA ;gk¡lEe fd Mk-ijekuUnys uS ifu vusd iVd izkFkZuk xjsA rj ckckys dsoy ^^vYykg** uS esjks MkDVjguqgqUN] ;gh HkUnS Vkfjfnuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ys gkrdks tk¡p xjkmu ekUuq Hk,uA Mk- ijekuUndksvkS”kf/kg: f’kjMhdks ok;qe.Myek u [kqYu lds] u frudks mi;ksx uS gqu lD;ksA rjifu MkDVj lkgscdks Bwyks HkkX; fFk;ks tlys xnkZ muhykbZ ckckdks n’kZudks ykHk Hk;ksAHkkxksthykbZ vkS”kf/k yxkmus vuqefr feY;ksA dsgh fnuckV ?kkm Hkfja,ifN lcS HkDrlq[kh Hk,A rj dsgh nnZ ck¡dh fFk;ks fd fFk,u HkUus dqjk dlSykbZ Fkkgk gqu ldsuAizfrfnu fogkj lcsjS ?;wys gkrdks ekfyl xusZ j Qsfj ck¡/ksj iVVh ck¡/us R;gh Øe JhlkbZckckdks lekf/klEe ifu ;LrS fdfleys pfy uS jg~;ksA jh lkbZckck tLrks iw.kZfl}ykbZ okLroek ;ks mipkjdks ifu dsgh vko’d;rk uS fFk,uA rj HkDrg:dksizsedks o’kek gqus ogk¡ys Hkkxksthdks ;ks lso ¼vFkkZr~ mikluk½ fuckZ/k:iek ¼dsghckèkk uS uxjh½ Lohdkj xuqZ Hk;ksA ckck ys.Mh tk¡nk Hkkxksth Nkrk fy,j ogk¡dks lkFkeStkUFksA gjsd fnu fcgku losjS ckck /kwuhdks uftdS vkluek fojkteku gquqgq¡nk HkkxksthR;gk¡ ifgys uS mifLFkr Hk,j vk¶uks dke xfjlDnFksA Hkkxksthys iwoZ tUeek vusdkSaiki deZ xjsdk fFk,A ;lSdkj.k muh dq”V jksxys ihfMr fFk,A mudk vkSaykg: lfMldsdkfFk, j ‘kjhj ihi vkfnys Hkfj,dks fFk;ksA R;lckV nqxZU/k vkm¡n’;ksA gqu r ckfgjhnqf”Vys muh vHkkxh tLrk ykXnFks rj ckckdk eq[; lsod gqukdks ukrkys okLroek

74

muh uS cSa lQk gqu tkusNA**;lks HkUnS ogk¡ys dejlEeS vk¶uks dQuh mBkmuq Hk;ksA R;gk¡ mifLFkr lcS tukykbZQqy ¼v.Mk½ cjkcjdks pkjoVk xk¡Bk ns[kk,j HkUuqHk;ks& ^^gsj] eSys vk¶uk HkDrg:dksykfx dfr d”V mBkmuq iNZA muhg:dks d”V esjks gksA** ;ks fofp= rFkk vlk/kkj.k yhykns[ksj lurg:ykbZ vk¶uk HkDrg:dks ykfx dljh d”V lguq gq¡nks jgsN HkUus fo’oklekfulg:ykbZ Hk;ksA lUrg:dks ân; eSuHkUnk ifu uje rFkk fHk= ckfgj ukSuhtLrks dksey gqUNAmuhg:ys fcuk dkj.kS HkDrg:ykbZ izse xnZNu~A j muhg:ykbZ vk¶uk futh lEcU/khla>UNu~A

ia

75

ukuk lkgsc pk¡nksjdj ckckdks ijeHkDr fFk,A muh [kkuns’kek uanwj ckjdk rglhynkjfFk,A mudks iaus ia

76

ckckdk dFkkg: vuUr Nu~A v: fo”k;g: tLrks fd&ekuo tUedks egRo] ckckdksfHk{kko‘fÙkek thou fuokZg] ck;tkckbZdks lsok R;LrS v: dFkkg:ykbZ vxkfMdks v/;k;idks ykfx ck¡dh jk[ksj vc eSys ;gk¡ foJke xuqZ mfpr gqUNA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~Aeaxy gksvksl~AA

77

v/;k; 8

ekuo tUedks egRo] Jh lkbZckck dsfHk{kko`fÙk] ck;tkckbZdks lsok ‘kwJw”kk]JhlkbZcckdks ‘k;u d{k ¼lqRus dsBk½][kq’kky pUnz mij izse

x,dks vè;k;ek Hkfu,dks HkSa vc Jh gsekMiUr ekuo thouA ¼euq”;dks thou½ dksegRoykbZ foLr`r:iek la>m¡Nu~A Jh lkbZckck dLrks izdkjys fHk{kk dekmuq gqUFk;ksvFkkZr~ izkIr xuqZ gqUF;ksA ck;tkckbZys ogk¡dks dLrks fdfleds lsok&’kqJw”kk xkfFkZu~ ogk¡elftnek rkR;kdksrs j Egkylifrdks lkFkek dljh lqRuqgqUF;ks vfu [kq’kky pUnmij ogk¡dks dLrs Lusg fFk;ks ;h lc dqjk vxfM o.kZu xfjusNA

ekuo tUe ¼euq”; tUe½ dks egRo%&;ks fofp= lalkjek bZ’ojys yk[kkSa izk.khg: ¼fgUnw’kkL= vuqlkj 84 yk[k ;ksfudk½ykbZ mRiUu xjsdk Nu~ ¼tlek nsork] nSR;] xUèkoZ] thotUrq j euq”; vkfn lfeEfyrNu~½ tks LoxZ] ujd] i`fFkoh] leqnz rFkk vkdk’kek cLnNu~ j csXyS&cSXys èkeZ ikyukxnZNu~A ;h izk.khg:ek tldks iq.; izcy N rh LoxZek clsj vk¶uk lqdeZdks QyHkksXnNu~A iq.; flf)uklkFk Qsfj rYYkksLrjek vkm¡Nu~A vfu iki ;k dqdeZ xusZ tksizk.kh Nu~ fruhg: ujdek tkUNu~ j vk¶uk dqdeZdk Qy HkksXnNu~A tqucsyk muhg:dksiki j iq.; cjkcj gqu tkUN vfu fruhg:ybZ euq”; tUe rFk eks{k izkIr xusZ volj¼ekSdk½ izkIr gqUNA tc ii j iq.; nqoS uk’k gqu tkUN vfu muhg: eqDr gqu tkUNu~Avk¶us deZ rFkk izkjCèk vuqlkj uS vkRekg:ys tUe fyUNu~ j ‘kjhjek izos’k xNZu~A

78

euq”; ‘kjhj vueksy%&;ks lR; gksfd] lcS izk.khg:ek vkgkj] funzk] Hk; ¼Mj½ j eSFkqu ;h pkj dqjk ,dleku Nu~A euq”; izk.khykbZ Kku ,d fo’ks”k nsu N tldks lg;rkys uS mlys bZ’ojn’kZuxuZ lDrN] tqu dqjk v: dquS ;ksuhek lEHko gq¡nSuA ;gh dkj.kys uS nsorkg: ifueuq”; ;ksfulk¡x bZ”;kZ xnZNu~ j muhg:ykbZ vkf[kjek eqfDr izkfIr gksl~ HkUukdksykfx i`fFkohek euq”; tUeèkkj.k xuZdks ykfx lnSo ykykf;r gqUNu~A

dlS dlSdks ekuo&’kjhj vfr nks”k&;qDr N HkUus ;ks ifu er NA ;ks —fe ¼dhjk½]eTtk ¼eklh½ j dQys ifjiw.kZ fNuHkjek uk’k gqus jksx xzLr j uk’koku~ uS NA ;ks dqjkvkaf’kd:iek lR; N HkUus dqjkek dquS ‘kadk NSuA rj ;frdks nks”kiw.kZ gq¡nk&gq¡ns ifueuo&’kjhjdks ewY; èksjS c

79

mlykbZ Kkudks fo’ks”k lqfoèkk iznku xjsA euq”; mudks yhyk] vn~Hkqr jpuk j R;LrSKkuykbZ oqHku lDus ;ksX; N HkUus ns[ksifN ek= ek= muhybZ T;knS g”kZ j lUrks”k Hk;ks¼Hkkxor Ldèk 11&9&28 dks vuqlkj½ ;lSys euq”; tUe ikmuq cMks lkSHkX;dks lwpdgksA mPp czã.k dqyek tUe fyuq rk ije lkSHkkX;dks y{e.k gksA rj JhlkbZ pj.kdeyekizse j ogk¡dks ‘kj.kkxfr izkIr gquq ;h lcS dqjkek T;knS uS Js”B gksA

euq”;dks iz;Ru%&;ks lalkjek euq”; tUe vfr uS ikbulDuq NA gjsd ekfuldks e`R;q r fuf’pr uS NAmlys ekfulykbZ dquS fNuek ifu vaxkyksgkYu lDNA ;LrS uS èkkj.kk fy,j gkehysvk¶uks è;s;dks izkfIrek lèkS uS rRij jguq iNZA tLrks izdkjys gjk,dks jktdqekjdks[kkstek jktkys lEHko gquslEe mik; iz;ksx iz;ksxek Y;km¡Nu~] R;LrS fdfleysdfÙk ifu foyEc uxjsj gkehys vk¶uks vHkh”V flf)dks ykfx ‘kh?kzrk xuqZ uS vR;Urmfpr gksA ;lS dkj.k gkehys iw.kZ yxu j mRlqdrkiwoZd vkyL; j funzk R;kxsj vk¶uksè;s; lèkSa bZ’ojdks uS è;kuek jk[uq iNZA ;fn gkehys ;lks xuZ ldsukSa Hkus r gkehysvkQwykbZ i’kqdS Lrjek laHkuq iusZNA

dljh ykXus\c

80

¼papy uHkS n`< Hk,j jgus iu½] oSjkX;] nku rFkk ijksidkfjrk ¼vdkZdks midkj xusZHkkouk½] ekuo ‘kjhjdks fu;=a.k ¼euq”; ‘kjhjykbZ lRdeZdks ykfx o’kek jk[uqA]vgadkj ‘kwU;rk ¼cMIiu ugquq½ vkfn xq.k tqu rjhdkys ;h ifo= eaxy foHkwfr}kjkO;ogkjek vkm¡Nu~] frudks izR;{k n’kZu HkDrtug:ykbZ mudks lRlax}kjk gqUNA;lckV efLr”ddks tkx`fr gqUN j mÙkjksÙkj vkè;kfRed mUufr HkS uS jgUNA JhlkbZckck ;LrS fdfledks ,d lUr ;k lr~xq: gquqgqUNA ckfgjh:ickV ogk¡ys ,mVkQdhjdks vfHku; xuqZ gqUF;ks rkifu okLroek ogk¡ lèkSa uS vkRekyhu Hk,j jguqgqUF;ksAcgk¡ys lcS izk.khg:l¡x izse xuqZ gqUF;ks j fruek Hkxor~&n’kZudks vuqHko xuqZgqUF;ksAogk¡ykbZ ua lq[kdks dquS vkd”kZ.k fFk;ks u vkifÙkckV fopfyr gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡dks ykfxèkuh] xjhc nqoS ,dS:iys cjkcj fFk,A tldks dsoy —ikckV fHk[kkjh ifu jktk cUulDnF;ks] R;S O;fDr ogk¡ f’kjMhek

81

yxkmuq gqUF;ks Hkus dquS fnu ckgcts lEe ifuA ogk¡ys tEek xfj,dks Hkkstu ,mVkBwyks Hkk¡Mksek [kU;kmuq gqUF;ks tgk¡ dqdqj] fcjkyk j dkx vkfn LoLU=kiwoZd HkkstuxFksZA ckckys fruhg:ykbZ dfgY;S èkikmuq Hk,uA elftnek dqpks yxkmus ,mVh LokLuhekfulys ifu n’k&ckg Vqdk mBk,j vk¶uks ?kjek yStkUFkhA rj dlSys dfgY;S ifumlykbZ jksdsuA tlys liukek ifu fcjkyk j dqdqjg:ykbZ ifu dfgY;S nqRdkjsjèkik,u R;Lrks ogk¡ys fu%Llgk; xjhcg:ykbZ jksVhdk dsgh Vqdk mBkmus dqjkek fdujksd yxkmuq gqUF;ksA ;Lrks egku~ iq:”kdks thou èkU; gksA f’kjMhoklh r ifgys ifgysogk¡ykbZ dsoy ,mVk ikxy uS la>UFks j ogk¡ f’kjMhek ;lS ukeys fo[;kr ifu gquqHk,dks fFk;ksA tks fHk{kkdks dsgh Vqdkys uS fuokZg xnZF;ks R;L;ks O;fDrykbZ dlSys dljhvknj xF;ksZA rj ogk¡ r mnkj ân;dls] R;kxh j èkekZRek gquqgqUF;ksA ckfgjckV papyj v’kkUr tLrks ykxs ifu fHk= vUr%Ldj.kckV n`< j xEHkhj gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡dks ekxZ¼ckVks½ xgu ¼iÙks ikbulDuq½ j xw< ¼xksI;re½ fFk;ksA R;klks Hk, ifu xkm¡ek dsgh;Lrk J)koku~ ¼J)k Hk,dk½ j lkSHkkX;’kkyh ¼lkSHkkX; Hk,dk ¼O;fDr fFk,] tlysogk¡ykbZ ifgpkus j ,d egku~ iq:”k ekusA ;Lrs uS ,mVk ?kVuk ry fnbUNA

ck;tkckbZdks lsok%&rkR;kdksrsdh vkek] tldks uke ck;tkckbZ fFk;ks] eè;ksgudks le;ek ,mVk VksdjhekjksVh j rjdkjh fy,j taxyek tkus xfFkZu~A muh taxyek dkslkSa Vkuk ckckykbZvk¶uks vkf[kjh {k.krd jgh uS jg~;ksA mudks lsokdks [;ky xjsj ckckys mudks NksjkykbZèksjS ykHk iqU;kmuq Hk;ksA vkek j Nksjk nqoS tukdks uS Qdhj ¼ckck½ mij n`

82

dgysdkgh muhg:ykbZ HkUus xuqZ gqUF;ks&^^Qfdjh uS ¼xjhch uS lPpk vehjh ¼èkuk

83

jkgrk fuoklh [kq’kky pUn%&f’kjMhdk x.kir rkR;kdksrsykbZ ckck T;knS eu ijkmuq gqUF;ksA ogk¡ jkgrkdk ekjokMhlsB Jh pUnzHkkuqykbZ ifu T;knS I;kj xuqZ gqUF;ksA lsBth dks nsgkUr Hk,ifN ckckysfrudks Hkfrtk [kq’kky pUnzykbZ ifu T;knS izse xuqZ gqUF;ksA ogk¡ frudks dY;k.kdksjkrfnu fQdh xuqZ gqUF;ksA ogk¡ vk¶uk T;knS uftddk fe=g:dk lkFkek jkgrk tkusxuqZ gqUF;ksA ckck xkm¡dks ewy

84

x,dks v/;k;dks vUrek ;fÙk ek= ladsr xfj;ks fd QdZus le;ek tlys ckckdkvkns’kdks ikyuk xjs fruhg: ldq’ky ?kj QdsZ j tlys vigsyuk xjs fruhg:ysnq?kZVukg:dks lkeuk xuqZiT;ksA ;ks v/;k;ek ;ks Hkukbdks iqf”V xusZ v: dS;kSa ?kVukg:v: fo”k;g:l¡x foLrkjiwoZd Li”V ikfjus NA

f’kjMh ;k=kdks fo’ks”kr %&f’kjMh ;k=kdks fo’ks”krk ;ks fFk;ks fd ckckdks vkKk fcuk dksgh ifu f’kjMhokV izLFkkuxuZ lDnSuF;ksA ;fn dlSys xU;ks Hkus mlys vusdkSa d”VykbZ fueU=.k fn;ks Hkus tLrksgqUF;ksA rj ;fn dlSykbZ f’kjMh NksM~us vkKk Hk;ks Hkus r Qsfj mlys R;gk¡ cLus dqjk gquSlDnSuF;ksA HkDrx.k QdZus le;ek ckckykbZ

85

rkR;k dkSrs ikVhy %&,d le;ek rkR;k dksrs ikVhy Vk¡xkek clsj dksij xkm¡dks cktjek tk¡nS fFk,A muhfNVks&fNVks xjh elftnek vk,A ckckykbZ

86

Vk

87

nksJks n`f”Vdks.k %&iUplwuk& ¼ik¡p iki j frudks izk;f’pr½ Hkkstu lkexzh r;kj xnkZ ;k HkkUlk r;kjxnkZ x‘gLFkkJehg:ykbZ ik¡p izdkjdks dke xuZq iNZ HkUus dqjk lcSykbZ Fkkgk Hk,dSdqjk gksA rh gqu~ ¼1½ fiUus ¼2½ nYus ¼3½ Hkk¡Mk iqNus ¼4½ ek¡Tus] /kqus ¼5½ pqyksek vkxkslYdkmusA

;h dkeg: xnkZdks ifj.kkeLo:i vusd dhVk.kqg:dks rFkk thog:dks uk’k gqUN j;lys xnkZ x‘gLFkkJehg:ykbZ iki ykXNA ;h ikig:dks izk;f’pr Lo:i ‘kkL=g:ysik¡p izdkjdks ;K xusZ vkns’k fn,dk Nu~A rh gqu~ ¼1½ czge;K vFkkZr~ osndks v/;;u¼2½ fir‘ ;K ¼vFkkZr~ fir‘g:dks ykfx riZ.k] lhnk vkfnzdks nkuA ¼3½ nso;K vFkkZr~nsorkg:dks ykfx cfy ¼4½ Hkwr;K vFkkZr~ izk.khg:ykbZ nku ¼5½ euq”; ;K vFkkZr~vfrfFkg:ykbZ nkuA

;fn ;h deZg: fof/kiwoZd ‘kkL=ys crk, oeksfte xfj;ks Hkus fpÙk ‘kq) Hk,j Kku jvkRekuqHkwfrizkfIr lftyksl¡x gqu tkUNA ckck

88

Hkxoku~ dq”.kys xhrkek HkUuq Hk,dks N& ^^tlys eykbZ HkfDriwoZd dsoy ,d i=¼ikr½] Qy] Qwy ;k ty uS ifu viZ.k xnZN Hkus e R;ks ‘kq) vUrLdj.k gqus HkDrckVviZ.k xfj,dks oLrqykbZ lg”kZ ¼[kq’kh lkFk ½ Lohdkj xnZNqA**1

;fn dquS HkDrys Jh lkbZckckykbZ dsgh migkj fnu pkgsj ifu ifN fclZu x,N Hkusckckys mlSykbZ ok mldks fe=}kjk R;ks viZ.k xfjus oLrqdks la>uk xjkmuq gqUF;ks jR;ks oLrq fnudks ykfx HkUuq gqUF;ksA vfu R;ks migkj izkIr xjsj mlykbZ vk’kh”k fnuqgqUF;ksA ry dsgh ;LrS ?kVukg:dks o.kZu xfjusNA

r[kZM ifjokj ¼ckcq Nksjk½ %&Jh jkepUnz vkRekjke miuke ckck lkgsc r[kZM ifgys izkFkZuk lekth fFk,A rj ifumuh ckckdk ijeHkDr fFk,A mudk iRuh j Nksjk r ckckdk vuU; HkDr fFk,A ,diVdmuys Nksjk j Nksjkdh vkekys xehZdks NqVVh f’kjMheS fcrkÅu~ HkUus fu’p; xjsA rjNksjk okUnzk NksM~u lger Hk,uu~A ckcq izkFkZuk&lekth gq¡nk ckckdks iwtk vkfnekmfpr è;ku jk[u ulDus laHkkouk gqukys ?kjek ckckdks iwtk fofo/kiwoZd gqu ulDusN HkUus dqjkdks muhykbZ Mj fFk;ksA rj iwtk ;Fkkfof/k uS Hkbjgus N HkUus vk’okluckcqys fn,dkys vkek j Nksjkys ,d ‘kqØckjdks jkrek f’kjMhdks ykfx izLFkku xjsA

HkksfyiYV ‘kfuokjek Jheku~ r[kZMys czàeeqgwrZek mBsj Luku vkfn xjh iwtk izkjEHkxuqZ vfx ckckdks vxkM lk”VkM~x n.Mor~ xjsj Hkus ^^gS ckck! e esjks Nksjkys tLrksfdfleys xnS jgsdks N Bhd R;ljh uS gtwjdks iwtk xnZ jgusNqA

rj —ik xjsj ;lykbZ ‘kkjhfjd ifjJelEe uS lhfer ujk[uq gksyk**A ;Lrks Hkusjmuys iwtk vkjEHk xjsj feJhdks uSos| viZ.k xjs tqu e/;kâudks Hkkstudks le;ekizlkndks :iek ck¡fMfnb;ksA

89

u;k izsjkxzkQ R;ks fnudks la/;k rFkk HkksfyiYVdks vkbrckj ifu dquS fo/u uijhfcR;ksA

lkseckjek muhykbZ vfQl tkuq fFk;ks rj R;ks fnu ifu dquS fo/u uijh foR;ksA Jhr[kZMys ;Lrks izdkjys vk¶uks thouek dfgY;S iwtk xjsdk fFk,uu~A NksjkykbZ fn,dkscpu vuqlkj iwtk ;FkkØe lUrks”kiwoZd pfyjgsdks N HkUus dqjkys mudks ân;ek vfrlarks”k Hk;ksA Hkksfy¶YV eaxyckjek l/kSadks >Sa muys iwtk xjsj vfQlek x,A e/;kâuek ?kj QfdZ,ifN [kkudks ykfx cLnk Fkkyhek izlkn uns[ksj muys vk¶uks HkkUNsl¡x;lckjs lks/ksA vkt fclsZj muys uSos| viZ.k xuZ >qysNu~ Hkuh mlys crk;ksA

;ks dqjk lqusj muh rq:UrS vk¶uks vkluckV mBs vfu ckckykbZ n.Mor~ xjh {kekekXu ykxsA lkFkS ckckl¡x mfpr iFk&izn’kZu uxjh iwtkykbZ [kkfy ‘kkjhfjd ifjJerduS lhfer jk[ksdksek f’kdk;r xjsA muys ?kVukvks lEiw.kZ fooj.k NksjkykbZ i=}kjk[kcj xjsj muykbZ ¼NksjkykbZ½ R;ks i= ckckdks Jh pj.kek jk[kh muh ¼ckcq r[kZM½ ;ksvijk/kdks ykfx {kekizkFkhZ Nu~ HkUuq Hkuh vuqjks/k xjsA ;ks ?kVuk ckUnzkek yxHkx e/;kâuek Hk,dks fFk;ksA

R;gh le;ek f’kjMhek e/;kâudks vkjrh gqus&gqus le;ek ckckys Jherh r[kZMl¡xHkUuqHk;ks] ^^vkek] e dsgh Hkkstu ikmus fopkjys rikbZdks ?kj ckUnzkek x,FksaA suA rj uftdS [kMk HkSjk[ksdk mudk NksjkysckUnzkek iwtkek dsgh uS Hkus ifu cqVh Hk;ks HkUus dqjk cq>sA ;ldkj.k muys ckckl¡xQdZus vuqefr ekXu ykxsA rj ckckys vkKk fnuq Hk,u j R;gh uS iwtk xusZ vkns’k fnuqHk;ksA mudks ¼Jh r[kZMdks½ Nksjkys f’kjMhek ts Hk;ks R;ks lcS i=ek ys[ksj ckcqykbZ

90

iBk, j lkFkS Hkfo”;ek iwtkek lko/kku gqu fouez vuqjks/k xjsA nqcS i= Mk¡d}kjkHkksfyiYV nqcSi{k dgk¡ iqX;ksA ds ;ks ?kVuk vk’p;Ziw.kZ NSu \

Jherh r[kZM %&,d le; Jherh r[kZMys rhu pht vFkkZr~ ¼1½ Hkfjr ¼HkqrkZ vFkkZr~ elyk felk,jrkjsdks Hk.Vk j ngh½ ¼2½ dkp;kZ ¼xksy Vqdk cuk,j ?;wek rkjsdks HkUVk½ j ¼3½ isMk¼feBkb½ ckckdks fufEr iBkbu~A ckckys rh phtykbZ dljh Lohdkj xuqZHk;ks R;ks vcgsjkSa %&

okUnzkdk Jh j?kqohj HkkLdj iqjUnjs ckckdk ijeHkDr fFk,A ,d le; muh f’kjMh tk¡nsfFk,A Jherh r[kZMys Jherh iqjUnjsykbZ nqboVk HkUVk fnbu~ j f’kjMh iqxsifN ,mVkHkUVkdks HkqrkZ j vdkZdks dkp;kZ cuk,j ckckykbZ p

91

xfju~ rj [kkfy ,mVk isMk flok; dsgh ikb,uA R;ks isMk ifu puk Hk;ks j muh T;knS uS yfTtn Hk,j ckckl¡x {kek ekXu ykxsA muhnkSMsj rq:UrS QdsZj isMk Y;k,j ckckdks vxkfM jkf[kfn,A ckckys rq:UrS isMk [kkuqHk;ksA ;ljh Jherh r[kZMdks lkSxkr ckckys Lohdkj xuqZHk;ks j ^^HkDr e ekfFkfo’okl xNZ ;lSys e Lohdkj xNZq** ;ks Hkxoku~dks opu fl) Hk;ksA

ckckdks lUrks”kiwoZd Hkkstu %&,d le; Jherh r[kZM f’kjMh vk,dh fFkbuA e/;kâudks Hkkstu rS;kj tLrS HkSldsdksfFk;ks j Fkkyg:ek ifLdu ykfxlfd,dks fFk;ksA R;lScsyk R;gk¡ ,mVk Hkksdks dqdqjvk,j HkqDu ykx;ksA Jherh r[kZM rq:Ur mfBu~ j muys jksVhdks ,d Vqdk dqdqjykbZjkf[kfnbu~A dqdqjys oMks ehBksl¡x R;ks [kk;ksA

la/;k le;ek tc muh elftnek x,j oflu~ vfu ckckys muhykbZ HkUuqHk;ks]^^vkek! vkt rikbZys eykbZ cMks izseiwoZd [kqckmuq Hk;ksA esjks Hkksdks vkRekykbZ cMkslkURouk feysdks NA l/kS uS ;LrS uS xnSa jguksl~A rikbZykbZ dquS u dquS csyk ;ldks

92

mÙke Qy vo’; gqusNA ;ks elftnek clsj e dfgY;S vlR; oksfYnuA l/kS uS e ekfFk;LrS vuqxzg xnSa jguqgksl~A ifgys HkksdksykbZ [kqckmuq gksl~ vfu ifN vkQwys Hkkstu xusZxuksZl~A**

ckckdk ‘kCndks vFkZ muys cq>u lfdUu~A ;lSys muys iz’u xfju~ ^^gksbu] eSys dljhHkkstu xjkmu lDNq jA e vk¡QS ifu r vekZekfFk fuHkZj Nq j rh O;fDrykbZ iSlk fn,jHkkstu izkIr xnZNqA**

ckckys HkUu ykXuq Hk;ks] ^^R;ks jksVh xzg.k xjsj esjk ân; r‘Ir gqu x;ks j vfgyslEeeykbZ Mdkj vkbjgsdks NA Hkkstu xuqZ vxkfM rikbZys tqu dqdqj ns[uqHkks j tlykbZrikbZys jksVhdks Vqdk fnuqHk;ks R;ks ;FkkFkZek esjS Lo:i fFk;ksA ;lSxjh v: izk.kh¼fcjkykg:] lqaxqjg:] ek[kkg: xkbZ vkfn½ ifu esjk uS Lo:i gqu~A e uS fruhg:dksvkdkjek gfYyjk[ksdks NA tks ;h lc izk.khg:ek esjks n’kZu xNZ] R;ks O;fDr eykbZvR;Ur I;kjks gqUNA ;lSys }Sr ;k HksnHkko cq>sj rikbZ esjks lsok xuZs xuksZl~A

;ks ve‘r tLrks mins’k xzg.k xjsj muh lyyy ifXybu~ j mudk vk¡[kkckV vk¡’kqdk/kkjk cgu ykxs] ?kk¡Vh jksfd;k j mudks g”kZdks ikjkckj Hk,uA

f’k{kk %&^^lEiw.kZ izk.khg:ek bZ’oj n’kZu xj** ;gh ;l v/;k;dks f’k{kk gksA mifu”kn~] xhrk jHkkxordks ;gh mins’k gks fd ^^bZ’kkokL;afena loZe~** vFkkZr~ ^^lcS izk.khg:ek bZ’ojdksckl N] ;ks dqjkykbZ izR;{k vuqHko xj**1

93

v/;k;dks vUrek crkb,dks ?kVuk rFkk v: v¡>s ys[u ck¡dh jgsdk ?kVukg:}kjkdljh mifu”kn~g:dks f’k{kk vkpj.kek Y;kmuq iNZ HkUus dqjk ckckys Lo;a izR;{kmnkgj.k izLrqr xjsj ns[kkmuq Hk,dks NA;LrS fdfleys Jh lkbZckck ‘kkL=&xzUFkg:dks f’k{kk fnus xuZq gqUF;ksA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~Aeaxy gksvksl~AA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1- ;ks eka i’;fr loZ= loZ p ef; i’;frA

rL;kga u iz.k’;kfe l p es u iz.k’;frAA xhrk v- 6 ‘yksd 30tks ;ksxh eykbZ leLr HkwroxZek rFkk leLr HkwroxZykbZ e ek ns[nN]R;lnsf[k e vizR;{k NSu] ensf[k ifu R;ks vn‘’; NSuAA

94

izkjEHk %&Jh lkbZckckykbZ l/kSa uS izseiwoZd la>uqgksl~ fduHkus ogk¡ l/kSaHkj vdkZdks dY;k.kdksykfx rRi rFkk vkReyhu jguqq gqUF;ksA ogk¡dks Lej.k xuqZ uS thou j e‘R;qdks leL;klek/kku xuqZ gksA lk/kukg:ek ;ks T;knS Js”B rFk lftyks lk/kuk gks] fdufd ;lekdquS nzO; [kpZ gq¡nSuA [kkfy ekewyh ifjJeys uS Hkfo”; T;knS Qynk;d gqUNA bfUnz;g:iwjk cfy;k HkbUtsylEe fNufNuek ;ks lk/kukykbZ vkpj.kek Y;kmuq iNZA v: lcSnsoh&nsork r Hkzeek ikusZ ek= gqu~A [kkfy xq: ek= bZ’oj gks gkehys ogk¡ys ogk¡dSifo= pj.kdeyek J)k jk[uq iNZA ogk¡ r gjsd O;fDrdks HkkX; fo/kkrk ¼HkkX;cukmus½ j izsee; izHkq gquqgqUNA tlys vuU;Hkkoys ¼,dRo :iys½ ogk¡dks lsokxnZNu~ rh O;fDrys ^^HkolkxjckV fu’p; uS eqfDr ikmu lDrNu~A U;k; vFkokehekalk ;k n’kZu’kkL= ih mij fo’okl jk[nNkSa] R;gh izdkjdks fo’oklgkehys HkolkxjckV ikj gqudks ykfx ln~xq:ekfFk xuqZiNZA ln~xq:ys r [kkfy HkDrg:dksHkfDrHkkofrj uS gjsj muhg:ykbZ Kku j ijekuUndks izkIr xjkgZ fnuqgqUNA

v/;k; 10

Jh lkbZckckdks jgu&lgu] lqRus Qysd]f’kjMhek fuokl] ogk¡dks mins’k]ogk¡dks uezrk] lqxe iFk ¼ckVks½

95

x,dks v/;k;ek ckckdks fHk{kko‘fÙk] HkDrg:dks vuqHko rFkk v: fo”k;dks o.kZuxfj,dks NA vc ikBdx.kys Jh lkbZckck dLrks rjhdkys cLuq gqUF;ks] lqRuqgqUF;ks jf’k{kk iznku xuqZ gqUF;ks HkUus dqjk lquwu~A

ckckdks vukSBks fcN~~;kSuk %&ifgys gkehys ckck dljh lqRuq gqUF;ks HkUus dqjk gsusZNkSaA ,diVd Jh ukuk lkgscMsxysys ,d pkj gkr ykeks j ,d gRdsyk tfr pkSMk dkBdk Qysd Jh lkbZckckykbZlqRudks ykfx Y;k,A Qysd ry drS jk[kh R;lekfFk ulqrs j iqjkuk >q=kdk Vqdkyselftndk nfyuek R;lykbZ >wyk tLrks xjh ck¡/ksj ek= R;lekfFk lqRu FkkYuq Hk;ksA

>q=kdk Vqdkg: ,dneS ikryk j detksj gqukys ekfulg:ykbZ R;ldks >wyk cukmuq,mVk leL;k tLrS cU;ksA >q=kdk Vqdkg:ys [kkfy Qysddks cks> ek= ifu /kkUulDnSuFksA fruSys v> ckckdks ‘kjhjdks Hkkj dljh /kkUu lDus gksyk\ tljh uS gksl~ ;ksdqjk r jke uS ukuwu~] rj QkVsdk >q=kdk Vqdkg:ys Qysd j ckckdks cks> /kkfujk[uqpkfga ckckdks ,mVk yhyk uS fFk;ksA Qysddks pkjS dqukek cÙkh jkrHkj cfyjgUFksAckckys QysdekfFk clsdks ok lqrsdks ns[uq nsorkg:dk fufEr ifu nqyZHk n`’; fFk;ksAckck QysdekfFk dljh pu~&>u~c

96

czãdks lxq.k vorkj %&ckfgjh nqf”Vys Jh lkbZckck lksdks tLrks nsf[kuq gqUF;ksAogk¡ dfgys izse n`f”Vys gsuqZ gqUF;ks Hkus dfgys

97

o”kZlEe jguq Hk,ifN Qsfj dsgh le;dks ykfx vUr/kkZu gquqHk;ksA dsgh dkyifN ogk¡vkSjM~xkckndks uftd ¼futke LVsV½ ek izdV gquqHk;ks j pk¡n ikVhydks cjkrdkslkFkek Qsfj f’kjMh vkmuq Hk;ksA R;lc[kr ogk¡dks vk;q chl o”kZdks fFk;ksA ogk¡yxkrkj 60 o”kZlEe f’kjMhek cLuq Hk;ks j 1918 ek egklekf/k fyuq Hk;ksA ;hrF;g:dks vk/kkjek ogk¡dks tUe frfFk lu~ 1838 dks yxHkx fFk;ks Hkuh gkeh HkUulDnNkSaAckckdks /;s; j mins’k %&l=kSa ‘krkCnh ¼1608&1681½ ek lUr jkenkl izdV Hk,j muys eqlyekug:ckV xkbZj czkg~e.kg:dks j{kk xusZ dke /ksjS lheklEe lQyrkiwoZd xjsA ijUrq nqbZ ‘krkCnhfcrsifN fgUnq j eqlyekug:ek oSeuL; cxMkxNkSa\ vKkuh ckydg: gks! nqcS tkfrg: ,drkek ck¡fN,j ,dSlkFk feyhtqyh clA‘kkUr fpÙkys cl j ;ljh jkf”Vª; ,drkdks /;s; izkIr xjA >xMk j fookn O;FkZ NA;lSys >xMk uxj rFkk vkilek izk.k fyus ucuA l/kSaHkj vk¶uks fgr rFkk dY;k.kdksfopkj xjA Jhgfjys frehg:dks j{kk vo’; xuqZ gqusNA ;ksx] oSjkX;] ri] Kku vkfnbZ’ojdks uftd iqXus okVks gqu~A ;fn freh dquS rjgys lQy lk/kd cUu ldsukS Hkusfrezks tUe O;FkZ NA dlSys frezks dfr uS fuUnk fdu uxjksl~] frehysx R;ldksizfrdkj uxjA ;fn dquS ‘kqHk deZ xuZs bPNk N Hkus l/kSa uS vdkZdks Hkykb xj1-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1- v”Vkn’k iqjk.ks”kq O;klL; opu};e~A ijksidkjk% iq.;k; ikik; ijihMue~AA

vBkj iqjk.k uS rh cukmus egf”kZ O;kldk f’k{kk :idks Hkukb nqbVk ek= Nu&vdkZykbZ midkj xuqZ uS iq.; gks j vdkZykbZ nq%[k fnuq iki gksA vdkZdks vlyxuqZHkUnk /keZ vdkZs] NSu] vdkZykbZ nq%[k fnuq HkUnk uhp dke vdksZ NSuA^^ijfgr lfjl /keZ ufga HkkbZA ij ihMk lEe ufga v/kekbZ** rqylhnkl

98

mi;qZDr dFkukuqlkj vkpj.k xukZys HkkSfrd rFkk vk/;kfRed nqoS {ks=ek frezks izxfrgqusNA** ;gh gks la{ksiek Jh lkbZckckdks mins’kA

lfPpnkuUn ln~xq: Jh lkbZukFk egkjkt %&xq: r vusd Nu~A dquS xq: ;Lrk Nu~] tks gkrek oh.kk j djrky fy,j vk¶uksèkkfeZdrkdks izn’kZu xnSa

99

rh f’kjMhoklh /kU; gqu~] tlys Jh lkbZckckykbZ bZ’oj :iek mikluk xjsA lqRnk&mB~nk][kk¡nk&fim¡nk] Hkou ;k [ksr ;k [ksr rFkk ?kjg:ek v: dke xnkZ ifu rh f’kjMhoklhg:lnSo ogk¡dks Lej.k rFkk xq.kxku xnZFksA lkbZckckHkUnk vdksZ nksJks dquS bZ’ojykbZmuhg: ekUnS ekUnSuFksA f’kjMhdk ukjhg:dks izsedks ek/kq;Zckjs r HkUuq uS ds N jAfruhg: fcydqyS Hkksyk Hkkyk fFk,A muhg:dks izsedks muhg:ykbZ xkzeh.k Hkk”kkekHktu jPus izsj.kk lnSo fnbjgUF;ksA muhg: f’kf{kr uHk, ifu muhg:dks ljy Hktug:ek okLrfod dkO;dks >yd fFk;ksA ;ks dquS fo}rk fFk,u ijUrq muhg:dks lPpk izseuS ;l fdfledk dforkvks izsjd ¼iszj.kk xusZ½ fFk;ksA dfork r lPpk izsedks izdfVrLo:i uS gks] tlek prqjk Jksrkx.kys uS okLrfod n’kZu ;k jfldrkdks vuqHkoxnZNu~A loZlk/kkj.k turkykbZ ;h yksdxhrg:dks cMks vko’;drk NA lk;n Hkfo”;ekckckdks d‘ikys dquS HkX;’kkyh Hk>ys HkDr&xhr laxzg xusZ dke vk¶uks gkrek fy,j;h xhrg:ykbZ lkbZyhyk if=dke ok iqLrd:iek izdkf’kr xjkbnsyku~A

ckckdks fou;’khyrk %&Hkxoku~ek N izdkjdk fo’ks”k xq.k gqUNu~ HkUnNu~] rhu gqu~%& ¼1½ dhfrZ ¼2½ Jh ¼3½oSjkX; ¼4½ Kku ¼5½ ,s’o;Z ¼6½ mnkjrkA Jh lkbZckckek ifu ;h lcS xq.k fo|ekufFk,A ogk¡ys HkDrg:dks bPNkiwfrZdks fufeÙk lxq.k vorkj fyuq Hk,dks fFk;ksA ogk¡dks—ik ¼n;k½ cMks fofp= uS fFk;ksA ogk¡ HkDrg:ykbZ Lo;a vkQwdgk¡ vkdf”kZr xuqZgqUF;ksA uHk, ogk¡ykbZ dlys dljh tkUu ikm¡F;ks\ HkDrg:dks ykfx ogk¡ vk¶uksJheq[kckV ;Lrks opu HkUuqgqUF;ks tldks o.kZu xuZ ljLorh ifu lkgl xuZlfDrufFku~A fruS e/;sckV ;gk¡ ,d jkspd uewuk fnbUNA ckck vfr fouezrkl¡x;ljh cksYuq gqUF;ks&^^nklkuqnkl e frezks _.kh Nq] frezks n’kZu ek=ys eykbZ lkURoukfeY;ksA tks frezks pj.kdks n’kZu eykbZ izkIr Hk;ks] ;ks e mij frezks Bwyks midkj gksAfrezks n’kZu xjsj e vkQwykbZ /kU; lE>UNqA dLrks fouezrk gks\ ;h okD;ykbZ izdkf’krxfjfnukys Jh lkbZckckdks egkurkek vk¡p iqX;ks Hkusj dlSys lksPnN Hkus e ;ldks

100

ykfx {kekizkFkhZ NqA lkFkS ;ldks izk;f’pr Lo:iek e lkbZ ukedks dhrZu rFkk tixusZ xNZqA

ckfgjh n‘f”VckV ckckys fo”k;&inkFkZg:dks miHkksx xuqZ Hk, tLrks ykXF;ks rkifuogk¡ek R;ldks vfydfr ek= ifu xU/k fFk,u] u ogk¡ykbZ frudks miHkksxdks Kku uSfFk;ksA ogk¡ iDdS uS [kkuq r gqUF;ks rj ogk¡dks ftHkzksek dsgh Lokn fFk,uA ogk¡ vk¡[kkysgsuqZ gqUF;ks rj R;ks n‘’;ek ogk¡ykbZ dquS :fp fFk,uA dke&Hkksxdks lEcU/kdk ogk¡guqeku~ ljgdS v[k.M czâekpkjh gquqgqUF;ksA ogk¡ykbZ dquS oLrqek vklfDr fFk,uAogk¡ R;Lrks ‘kq) pSrU; Lo:i gquqgqUF;ks tgk¡ leLr bPNk] vgadkj j v: fdfledkps”Vkg:ys ikfu foJke ik,dk fFk,A NksVdjhek ogk¡ LokFkZjfgr] eqDr iw.kZczge gquqgqUF;ksA;ks HkukbykbZ oqHkudks ykfx ,mVk jkspd dFkkdks mnkgj.k ;gk¡ fnbUNA

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gqurk ckfgjh n‘f”VckV Jh lkbZckckdks vkpj.k lkekU; ekfulg:dks tLrS fFk;ks]rj ogk¡dks dkeg:ckV ogk¡dks vlk/kkj.k cqf)eÙkk j prqU;kbZ Li”V uS >YdUF;ksAogk¡dks lcS dke HkDrg:dks Hkykbdks fufeÙk uS gqUFksA ogk¡ys dfgY;S ifu vk¶uk

101

HkDrg:ykbZ dquS vklu ;k izk.kk;kedk fu;eg: vFkok dquS miklukdks vkns’kdfgY;S fnuq Hk,u] u rk muhg:dk dkuek dquS eU= uS QqDuq Hk;ksA ogk¡dks lcSykbZ;gh Hkukb fFk;ks fd prqU;kbZ R;kx xjsj lnSo ^^lkbZ lkbZ ;gh Lej.k xjA ;Lrksfdfleys vkpj.k xukZys lEiw.kZ cU/kug: NqV~u tkUNu~ j frehykbZ eqfDr izkIr gqutkusNA iapkfXu] riL;k] R;kx] Lej.k] v”VkM~x ;ksx vkfn lk/; gquq [kkfyczkâe.kg:dks ykfx uS laHko N] v: o.kZg:dk ykfx NSuA

eudks dke fopkj xuqZ gksA fopkj uxjh Å ,dfNu ifu jgu lDrSuA ;fn frehysmlykbZ dquS fo”k;ek yxkbfn;kS Hkus Å R;lSdks fpUru xuZ ykXus NA vfu ;fnmlykbZ xq:ykbZ viZ.k xfjfn;kS Hkus Å xq:dks lEcU/kek uS fpUru xfjjgusNAikBd! rikbZag:ys cgqrS /;kuiwoZd lkbZdks egkurk j Js”Brkdks Jo.k xjh uS lDuqHk;ksA ;ks LokHkkfod Lej.k j iwtu uS lkbZdks dhrZu gksA lUrg:dk dFkkdks Lej.kxuqZ ekfFk o.kZu xjh lfd,dk v: lk/kukg: xuqZtLrks dfBu NSuA ;h dFkg:yslkalkfjd MjykbZ fueZwy xjk,j vk/;kfRed ckVksfrj p

102

fLFkj jgus ‘kkfDr izkIr gqu tkUN j vk/;kfRed mUufr lqyHk gqu tkUNA ;fn rikbZaysuke Lej.k] iwtu ;k HkfDr tLrk bR;kfn dquS lk/ku xuqZ gqUu ijUrq vuU;Hkkoys[kkfy lUrg:dks uS ‘kj.kkxr gqu tkuqHk;ks Hkus ogk¡ys rikbZg:ykbZ lftySl¡x Hkolkxjikj xfjfnuq gqusNA ;lS dkedks fufeÙk uS lUrg: fo’oek izdV gquqgqUNA xM~xk];equk] xksnkojh] d`”.kk] dkosjh vkfn ifo= unhg: tlys lalkjdks leLr ikig:ykbZ/kksbfnUNu~] fruS ifu dksgh ekgkRekys vk¶uks pj.k&Li’kZys gkehykbZ ifo= x:u~ HkuhlnSo bPNk xnZNu~ lUrg:dks izHkko ;Lrks NA forsdk tUeg:dks ‘kqHkdeZdk QyLo:i%uS Jh lkbZ pj.kdks izkfIr laHko nAe lkbZdk eksg& fouk’kd pj.kg:dks /;ku xjsj ;k v/;k; lekIr xnZNqA ogk¡dksLo:i dLrks lqUnj j euksgj NA elftndks fdukjkek [kMk gquq Hk,dks ogk¡ lcSHkDrg:dks dY;k.kdks ykfx mnh ¼foHkwfr½ forj.k xusZ xuqZgqUNA tks ;ks fo’oykbZ >wVksekusj l¡/kS vkRekuUnek ¼vkRekdks vkuUnek½ Mwfcjguq gqUF;ks] R;Lrk lfPpnkuUn JhlkbZ egkjktdk pj.k deyg:ek esjks ckjEckj ueLdkj NA

Jh ln~xq: lkbZukFkek viZ.kgksl~ Aeaxy gksvksl~AA

103

;ks v/;k;ek vc e Jh lkbZckckdks lxq.kczãe Lo:i] ogk¡dks iwturFkk rRog: mij fu;U=.kdks o.kZu xusZNqA

lxq.k czâe Jh lkbZckck %&czãdk nqbZ Lo:i Nu~&fuxqZ.k j lxq.kA fuxqZ.k fujkdkj N j lxq.k lkdkj NA gqurkrh nqCs ,dS czgedk nqbZ :i gqu~ rkifu dlSykbZ fuxqZ.k dlSykbZ lxq.k miklukek euykXus gqUN] tLrks fd xhrkdks ckgkSa v/;k;ek o.kZu xfj,dks NA lxq.k mikluk ljyj Js”B NA euq”; Lo;a vkdkj ¼’kjhj&bfUnz; vkfn½ ek NA ;lSys mlykbZ bZ’ojdkslkdkj mikluk LoHkkoSys lftyks NA tclEe dsgh le; lxq.k czgedks miklukxfjUu rclEe izse j HkfDrek o`f) uS gq¡nSuA lxq.kksiklukek tfr tfr gkezks izxfrgq¡nS tkUN] vfu gkeh fuxqZ.k czâefrj vxzlj gq¡nS tkUNkSaA ;lSys lxq.k miklukckV uSJh x.ks’k xuqZ vfr mÙke NA ewfrZ] osnh] vfXu] izdk’k] lw;Z] ty rFkk czkâe.k vkfnlkr miklukdk oLrqg: Hk,ifu ln~xq: uS ;h lcSek Js”B gqu~A

oSjkX;dks izR;{kewfrZ rFkk vuU; ‘kj.kkxr ¼,dRo:iys ‘kj.kek ijsdk½ HkDrg:dksvkJ;nkrk Jh lkbZdks Lo:i vk¡[kkdks vxkfM Y;kmuqgksl~A ogk¡dks ‘kCnek fo’oklfyuq uS vklu gksj ogk¡dks iwtudks ladYi xuqZ uS lEiw.kZ bPNkg:dks R;kx gksA

lxq.k czâe Jh lkbZckck] MkDVjiafMrdks iwtu] gkth fln~nhd Qkyds]rRog: mij fu;U=.kA

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104

dksgh dksgh Jh lkbZckckdks x.kuk Hkkxon~HkDr vFkok ,d egkHkkxor ¼egku~HkDr½ek xnZFks ;k xnZNu~A ijUrq gkehg:dks ykfx r ogk¡ bZ’ojdS vorkj gquqgqUNA ogk¡vR;Ur {kek’khy] ‘kkUr] ljy j lUrq”V gquqgqUF;ks] tldks dquS miek uS fnu lfdUuAogk¡ ‘kjhj/kkjh gquq gqUF;ks rkifu okLrfod :iek fuxqZ.k] fujkdkj] vuUr 2 fuR;eqDr¼l/kSa mUeqDr½ gquqgqUF;ksA xM~xk unh leqnzfrj tk¡nk tk¡nS ckVkek xzh”e ¼dMk xehZ½ ysihfMr vusdkSa izk.khg:ykbZ ‘khryrk iqU;k,j vkufUnr xnZfNu~] Qlyg: o`{kg:ykbZthounku fnfUNu~ rFkk izk.khg:dks Hkksd ‘kkUr xfNZu~ R;ljh uS Jh lkbZckck lUr&thouO;rhr xnkZ xnSa ifu v:g:ykbZ lkURouk j lq[k iqU;kmuq gqUNA Hkxoku~ Jh —“.kysHkUuqHk,dks N ^^lUr uS esjks vkRek gksA Å esjks thfor izfrek j esjks uS fo’kq} :i gksAe Lo;a mgh gw¡A ;h vo.kZuh; ‘kfDrg: ;k bZ’ojdk ‘kfDr tks lr~ fpr~ j vkuUn gqu~f’kjMhek lkbZ :iek vorh.kZ Hk,dk fFk,A Jqfr ¼rSrjh; mifu”kn~½ ek czâeykbZvkuUn Hkfu,dks NA vfgyslEe ;ks dqjk [kkfy iqLrdg:ek if

105

dgk¡ iBkbfnuq Hk;ks] tgk¡ mudks jkezks Lokxr Hk;ksA vfu nknkHkV j Mk- iafMr ,dSlkFkiwtkdks ykfx elftn iqxsA nknkHkVys ckkdks iwtk xjsA ckckdks iwtk r izk;% lcSys xusZxFks rj vfgyslEe ogk¡dks ‘kqHk&eLrdek pUnu yxkmus lkgl dlSys ifu xjsdksfFk,uA dsoy ,mVk Egkylkifrys uS ogk¡dks xykek pUnu yxkmus xFksZA Mk- iafMrysiwtkdks FkkyhckV pUnu fy,j ckckdks f’kjek f=iq.mkdkj yxk,A ckckys ,d ‘kCn ifucksYuq Hk,uA ekfulg:ys vk’p;Zl¡x gsjsA lU/;k le;ek nknkHkVys ckckl¡x lks/ks^^ds dkj.kys gks fd gtwj v:ykbZ r f’kjek pUnu yxkmu fnuqgqUuA ijUrq MkDVjiafmrykbZ gtwjys dsgh ifu HkUuq Hk,uA ckckys HkUuqHk;ks ^^Mk- iafMrys eykbZ dkdkiqjkf.kddks ukeys izfl) vk¶uk xq: Jh j?kqukFk egkjkt /kksis’ojdj leku uSlaf>,j vk¶uk xq:ykbZ muh tLrks fdfleys pUnu yxkm¡Fks R;gh Hkkoukys uS muyseykbZ pUnu yxk,A vfu e dljh jksDu lDFksa** nknkHkVys Mk- iafMrykbZ lks}k eSysckckykbZ vk¶uks xq: dkdk iqjkf.kddS leku lE>sj tLrks fdfleys e vk¶uks xq:ykbZl/kSa yxkmus xFksZ R;ljh uS ckckykbZ f=iqaMkdkj pUnu yxk,dks gw¡ HkusA

ckckys HkDrg:ykbZ muhg:dks bPNk vuqlkj uS iwtk xuZ fnuqgqUF;ksA rj dfgys dfgysHkus ogk¡dks O;ogkj fofp=uS gqutkUF;ksA dquScsyk tc ogk¡ys iwtkdks Fkkyh Qsadsj:nzkorkj /kkj.k xuqZuqUF;ks] R;frcsyk ogk¡dks uftd tkus lkgluS dlSdks gqu lDrSuF;ksAdfgys ogk¡ HkDrg:ykbZ Mk¡V~uq gqUF;ks j dfgys eSuHkUnk ifu uje Hk,j ‘kkfUr rFkk{kekdks ewfrZ tLrS ykXuq gqUF;ksA dfgysdkgha ogk¡ fjlkmuq Hk,dks voLFkkek dk¡IuykXuq gqUF;ks j ogk¡dk jkrk vk¡[kk pkjSfrj ?kqEu ykXnFksA rj ifu ogk¡dks vUr%dj.kekizse j ekr~&Lusgdks L=ksr ogh uS jgUF;ksA HkDrg:ykbZ cksyk,j ogk¡ muhg: mijdfgys fjlkmuq Hk;ks HkUus dqjk ogk¡ykbZ dsgh ifu Fkkgk NSu HkUus xuqZgqUF;ksA ;fnvkekg:ys vk¶uk ukuhg:ykbZ vukLFkk xjs j leqnzys unhg:ykbZ QdkZbfn, Hkus ek=ogk¡ys HkDrg:dks dY;k.kdks ifu mis{kk xuZlDuq gqUF;ksA ogk¡ r HkDrg:dks uftd uSjguq gqUF;ks j tc HkDrg:ys ogk¡ykbZ iqdkjk xnZFks vfu ogk¡ rq:UrS mifLFkr gquqgqUF;ksAogk¡ r lkSa HkDrg;dks izsedks Hkksdks gquqgqUNA

106

gkth flnnhd Qkyds %&Jh lkbZckckys vk¶uks HkDrykbZ vk¶uks —ikik= dfgys cukmuq gqUN HkUus dqjk dksghHkUu lDrSuF;ksA gkth flnnhd Qkydsdks dFkk ;lSdks mnkgj.k gksA flnnhd Qkydsuke xjsdk dY;k.k fuoklh ,mVk eqlyeku eDdk ‘kjhQdks gt xsjifN f’kjMh vk,Amuh pkoMhek mÙkjrQZ cLu ykxsA muh elftndks vxkfM [kqyk vk¡xuek cLusxnZFksA ckckys fruhykbZ ukkS efguklEe u elftnek iLus vkKk fnuq Hk;ks u elftndksfla

107

la>us N HkUus tokQ fy,j QdsZA ;ks mÙkj ik,j ckck mÙksftd gquqHk;ks j ogk¡ys vk¶uksgkrys ekVksdks Hkk¡Mks ¼ikuhdks xkxzks½ mBk,j QS¡fdfnuq Hk;ks j vk¶uks dQuh mBkm¡nSlks>S gkth dgk¡ iqXuqHk;ksA ogk¡ys muhykbZ HkUu ykXuqHk;ks ^^O;FkSa uekt fdu i

108

vk;ks j ckfgj fuLduq Hk;ksA elftndks uftdS [kMk Hk,j ogk¡ys cknyrQZ utj yxkbZxtsZdks ‘kCnek HkUuq Hk;ks ̂ ^cl] ‘kkUr gksvks**A dsgh le;ifN uS o”kkZdks tksj de Hk;ks]gkok eUn Hk;ks j vk¡/kh ifu ‘kkUr Hk;ksA vkdk’kek pUnznso mnk,A vfu lcStuk T;knSizlUu Hk,j vk¶uk vk¶uk ?kj QdsaZA

¼2½ ,d vdksZ ekSdkek e/;kâudks le;ek /kwuhdks vkxks ;Lrks izp.M Hk,j cYuykX;ks fd R;ldks TokykekfFk NrlEe iqXu ykX;ksA elftnek clsdk ekfulg:dksle>ek ikuh gkysj vkxks ‘kkUr xfjfnus fd vFkok vdksZ dquS mik; dkeek yxkmusHkUus dquS Bksl fopkj vkm¡nSuF;ksA ckckl¡x lks/us lkgl dlSys xuZ lfdjgsdks fFk,uA

rj ckckys rq:UrS ifjfLFkfr tkUuq Hk;ksA ogk¡ys vk¶uks NMh mBk,j vxkfMdks [kEckektksjl¡x izgkj xuqZHk;ks j HkUuqHk;ks& ^^ry vksfyZ;] ‘kkUr gksÅ**A NMhdks izR;sd pksVekjk¡dks de gqu ykX;ks j dsgh feusVeS /kwuh ‘kkUr HkS ifgydks tLrS Hk;ksA Jh lkbZbZ’ojdks vorkj gksA tks ogk¡dks vxkfM >qDnN] ogk¡dks ‘kj.kkek inZN] R;lekfFk ogk¡vo’; d`ik xuqZgqUNA

tks HkDrys ;ks v/;k;dk dFkkg: gjsd fnu J)k j HkfDriwoZd ikB xusZ N R;lykbZpk¡MS uS nq%[kg:ckV NqVdkjk feYus NA [kkfy ;fr ek= gksbu mlykbZ lnSo Jh lkbZpj.kkg:dks Lej.k HkbZ uS jgus N j FkksjS le;ek uS bZ’oj&n’kZu izkIr Hk,j mldkslEiw.kZ bPNkg: iw.kZ gqu tkus Nu~A vfu ;ljh Å fu”dke ¼bPNk uH

Jh lkbZ lPpfj= v/;k; 1 xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡ … · 2020. 4. 6. · R;ldks...

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Transcript of Jh lkbZ lPpfj= v/;k; 1 xgq¡ fiUus ,d vn~Hkqr lUr] oUnuk&xgq¡ … · 2020. 4. 6. · R;ldks...