NG PHP TING NHT1) ng t Lch s Vn tt / / 2) Tr t : 3) Tr t 4) Tr t 5) Tr t : _____________ _________ _____________ _________ . Danh t (1) + + danh t (2) 6) Tr t : dng lit k ton b 7) Ch th t: , , (phi kt hp vi danh t) 8) Ch th t: , , (y, y, kia i danh t cho ngi, vt) 9) Tr t : trnh by thi gian hoc khng gian bt u mt hnh ng hay mt s vic (ngha l t) 10) Tr t : trnh by thi gian hoc khng gian kt thc mt hnh ng hay mt s vic (ngha l n) hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh tng lai m h qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh _____________ _________ hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh tng lai m h tng lai m h ph nh qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh

/ tng lai m h ph nh

11) Phn nhm & cch chia ng t Nhm 1: tn cng bng , , , , , , , , (phi l , , ) Chia: , , , , , , , , + vi = hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh

Nhm 2: tn cng bng v Chia: b ui ri kt hp ging nhm 1 Ngoi ra, c mt s ng t v , nhng li chia ging nhm 1 () Nhm 3: ch c 2 ng t v Chia: b , sau , ri kt hp ging nhm 1 12) Tr t : trnh by i tng ca ng t 13) Tr t : trnh by hng di chuyn, hng tin 14) Tr t : trnh by ni chn tin hnh ng tc hoc xy ra hnh ng 15) Tr t : trnh by thi gian (lc, vo.) 16) Tr t : trnh by phng tin, phng php (bng) 17) Tr t : trnh by mc ch ca ng tc ( .) * ng t + + ng t di chuyn = . * Danh ng t + + ng t di chuyn = . 18) Tr t : trnh by ch th ca hnh ng 19) Hnh thc : trnh by s thi thc * ng t +

21) Mi r: ... +... cng nhau nh 22) Cng nhau tho lun: * ng t + 24) Tnh t (): * Ph nh lch s: * Ph nh vn tt: Tnh t + Tnh t +

+ Khi b ngha cho danh t, tnh t s dng th nguyn mu (29) * Qu kh xc nh (34): * Qu kh ph nh (34): 25) Tnh t (): * Ph nh lch s: * Ph nh vn tt: Tnh t + Tnh t + hoc Tnh t + Tnh t +

(lu , nhiu tnh t , tn cng bng ) + Khi b ngha cho danh t, phi kt hp vi (30) * Qu kh xc nh (35): + Lch s: + Vn tt: Tnh t + Tnh t + 10 10 * Qu kh ph nh (35): + Lch s: + Vn tt: Tnh t + Tnh t + / 28) Mu cu: ______ + = th no? (hi cm tng, n tng)

31) Tnh t () hnh thc ni tip: Tnh t + + tnh t khc / mnh , 32) Tnh t () hnh thc ni tip: Tnh t + + tnh t khc / mnh , 33) Mu cu: _________ s dng yu cu thuyt minh, gii thch 36) Mu cu: ______ + = () th no? S dng hi v n tng hoc cm tng v s kin qu kh. 37) ng t Lch s Vn tt 39) Tr t : trnh by ni chn hin hu ca vt, ngi, ng vt 40) ng t Lch s hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh tng lai m h tng lai m h ph nh qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh tng lai m h tng lai m h ph nh qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh

38) Mu cu: ______ + = c ni v s hin hu ca vt

Vn tt 42) Mu cu: ni v ni chn tn ti

tng lai m h tng lai m h ph nh qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh hin ti xc nh hin ti ph nh tng lai m h tng lai m h ph nh qu kh xc nh qu kh ph nh

41) Mu cu: ______ + = c ni v s hin hu ca ngi & ng vt

____________ ____________ 43) Chia ng t hnh thc ni tip: Nhm 1: tn cng bng , , , , , , , , Loi 1: , , V d: , , Loi 2: , , V d: , , Loi 3: , , V d: , , Nhm 2: tn cng bng v , b ui ri + V d: , Ngoi ra, c mt s ng t v , nhng li chia ging nhm 1 c bit ng t

Nhm 3: ch c 2 ng t v 44) ng t th / + = ang 45) Mu cu / + = Xin hy (yu cu hay mnh lnh lch s) 46) Tr ng t : s dng nu s suy on (c v, dng nh) ng t th + Tnh t + Tnh t () + * Th qu kh + (i) (na) 47) Tr ng t t gia cu b ngha cho ng t hoc danh t * B ngha cho ng t: * B ngha cho danh t: 48) Mu cu: ng t th / + = D cng c / + = D cng c phi khng? (yu cu cho php, hoc mt vic d thc hin cng khng sao) (ng ca cng c ch?) (ung ru cng c) 49) Mu cu: ng t th / + / = khng c (khng c n cng ty mun) 50) Tr ng t : i thnh i thnh

ng t th / + = th 51) Mu cu: ng t th / + + = xin hy th . 52) Mu cu: ng t th / + + = D th cng c ng t th / + + = D th cng c ch? 53) Tr t : trnh by nguyn nhn, l do v nhn mnh kin ca mnh v mt s vic no . C ngha l: V nn Mnh pha sau thng th , , , ng t + , Tnh t () + , Tnh t () + / + , Danh t + / + , 54) Tr t : trnh by nguyn nhn, l do. C ngha l: V nn ng t + , , Tnh t () + , Tnh t () + , Danh t + + , 55) Tr t : lin kt 2 mnh nghch nhau. C ngha l: nhng * __________________ ______ = nhng , 56) Tip tc t : s dng trong trng hp thm vo nhng s vic c xem nh l ging nhau. C ngha l: Hn na , v li

* __________________ = hn na cng . 57) Tip tc t : s dng trong trng hp ni mt cch th t nhng s vic nh trong u. C ngha l: Sau * ____________ = sau . , 58) ng t th : s dng trnh by mt nguyn vng, mun, thch. C ngha l: Mun ng t th + = Mun ng t th + / = Khng mun 59) Mu cu: ng t th + = c mun () 60) Mu cu: ng t th / + = Mun th 61) Tnh t (): trnh by mun s hu mt ci g (khng dng vi ngi th 3) * ______= Mun c 62) Mu cu trnh by s suy on, c on: () ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = Ngh rng Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () + Danh t + 2 63) Mu cu trnh by kin, cm tng: () ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = Ngh rng Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt

Tnh t () + Danh t + 64) Mu cu trnh by s suy on khng chc chn: ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = C l Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () Danh t 65) Mu cu trnh by mt cch lch s s suy on, phng on ca ngi ni chuyn: ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = C l phi khng? Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () Danh t 66) Mu cu trnh by s suy on, phng on khng chc chn: ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = Ngh rng c l Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () Danh t , 10 V cui nm ng ng nn ti ngh rng c l t Tokyo n Nikko mt khong 10 ting

. .

Ti ngh rng Nht c l tai nn giao thng xy ra nhiu. V ng s hp.

. Cn phng bn cnh trong cn h cho thu ca ti c v chng tr ang sng. Ti ngh rng c l l mi va kt hn

67) Mu cu trnh by s nghi vn so snh 2 vt, s vic * ____________, ______ 68) Mu cu trnh by s so snh hn: (A>B) * ___A______B_________ + Ngoi ra cn dng mu cu (B>A) __A____B______ 69) Mu cu trnh by s so snh nht: + tnh t 70) Mu cu trch dn nhng s vic ngi khc ni hoc chuyn li mt tin tc no : () * ng t hin ti & ph nh vn tt + = ni rng * ng t qu kh * Tnh t hin ti & qu kh * Danh t + * Danh t + Anh Yamada ni rng hm nay s ngh lm

Anh Kimu ni rng khng ung ru

Anh Sumisu ni rng anh Kim v nc

Anh Chin ni rng hc ch Kanji khng th v

Anh Chin ni rng phim hm qua rt th v

Anh Chin ni rng ngy mai l ngy ngh

JFK

Anh Chin ni rng JFK l phim rt hay

71) Mu cu trnh by mt kinh nghim tng tri qua: * ng t qu kh vn tt + = tng. 72) Mu cu trnh by mt s vic i khi xy ra: * ng t nguyn mu & ph nh vn tt + = Cng c khi. * ng t nguyn mu & ph nh vn tt + = Cng c khi. 73) Mu cu: ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + / = C l Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () + & vn tt Danh t + * thuyt minh tnh hnh, tnh trng V ti i cng tc Osaka * thuyt minh t m, chi tit hoc hi thm t m chi tit Anh i my ngy? * truyn ti ngi ni chuyn cm tng, n tng, tin tc. Thm vo s cm thn , Ti hc mi ngy, nhng hon ton vn cha tr nn gii * Thuyt minh tnh hnh, tnh trng yu cu mt s ha hn, cho php , V ti c cng vic ring mt cht nn hm nay ti v sm c c khng ? 74) Mu cu khuyn nh, khuyn co: ng t qu kh vn tt + = Tt hn nn ng t ph nh vn tt + = Tt hn ng , Khi b bnh tt hn nn i n bnh vin ngay lp tc

Trong bui hc ting Nht tt hn ng s dng ngn ng quc gia mnh

75) Mu cu yu cu, thnh cu mt ch th, hng dn: ng t () + = (Nu) th c? (m cui ng t c chuyn t hng sang hng ) (i u th c?)

76) Mu cu trnh by phng php tt nht, n gin, d dng nht: ng t () + = (Nu) th c , Mun gii ting Nht, (nu) hc chm ch hng ngy th c 77) Mu cu trnh by mt s gii thiu, ngh: ng t nguyn mu + = (Nu) th tt , Khi mt mi, nu nghe nhc m du th tt 78) Chia ng t hnh thc kh nng: Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + V d: , * Ch c mt s ng t ngoi l chia ging nhm 1 * 2 ng t c bit: , Nhm 2: b , ri kt hp vi V d: , Nhm 3: , . Em gi ti c th i xe p. Ti khng th i c. 79) Cch dng tnh t () lm trng t (cho ng t): Tnh t + + ng t 80) Cch dng tnh t () lm trng t (cho ng t): Tnh t () + + ng t 81) Cch dng tr t () danh t ho ng t i trc n: Ni ting Nht bng in thoi th kh 82) Cch dng tr t (): trnh by, lit k l do, cn c c xem nh ging nhau, c ngha l v li, hn na: * ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = V li, hn na * Tnh t ()nguyn mu & vn tt * Tnh t () + * Danh t + + Cng thng dng hnh thc sau

______ ________, _____________ . , Hc ting Nht rt kh. Vn phm cng kh, v li s lng ch Kanji cng nhiu 83) Cch dng ng t hnh thc /: + Lit k th t ca s vic, hnh ng, ng tc , + Trnh by nguyn nhn, l do , + Trnh by phng php, phng tin , + Trn thut, k li , , 84) Cch dng ng t trnh by d nh: + Th vn tt Nhm 1: chuyn thnh V d: , * Ch c mt s ng t ngoi l chia ging nhm 1 V d:: , , Nhm 2: b , ri kt hp vi V d: , Nhm 3: , Ti nh mn () tin ca bn + Th lch s: th vn tt + , trn thc t ng t ( - xem 63) thng c chia thnh ) 85) Cch dng danh t : trnh by mt vic ln k hoch, mang tnh ch quan: * ng t nguyn mu + = D nh, d tnh Ti d nh s thi vic cng ty ang lm 86) Cch dng danh t (): trnh by mt d nh mang tnh khch quan: * ng t nguyn mu + = D nh, d tnh 10 My bay d nh xut pht lc 10h 87) Cch dng lin ng / : s dng trong trng hp mt s vic tht s khng bit s nh th hay khng, nhng c ngh rng s nh th (kh nng): * ng t / tnh t / danh t + / = khng bit chng l, c l l

Ngy mai c l thi tit s xu 88) Cch dng tr t : trnh by 2 hnh ng c tin hnh cng mt lc: * ng t th + = Va va . Ti va c bo va ung caf 89) Cch dng danh t : s dng trong trng hp ko di mt s vic hoc trng thi no m khng thay i. Mt trng thi khng bnh thng. C ngha l: y nguyn: * ng t qu kh vn tt + = y nguyn, vn Hm qua ti nguyn TV (bt) i ng 90) Cch dng danh t (): trnh by mt s vic hoc mt trng thi xy ra mt thi im no , trong mt khong thi gian hoc thi k no . C ngha l: trong lc, trong thi gian , trong khi , Th k pha tr trong khi gim c ni li cho hi 91) Cch dng danh t (): trnh by mt s vic hoc mt trng thi xy ra trong sut mt thi gian no . C ngha l: trong sut thi gian , Anh Yan ng trong sut thi gian my bay bay 92) Cch dng danh t (): trnh by mt s vic hoc mt hnh ng trc khi lm mt vic g . C ngha l: trc khi * ng t nguyn mu + = Trc khi , n sng nh trc khi n cng ty 93) Cch dng mu cu: trnh by mt mt mnh b ngha cho danh t ng sau. * ng t nguyn mu / ph nh vn tt / qu kh vn tt + Danh t Nht bn c nhiu ni ti mun i 94) Cch dng tr ng t : s dng khi truyn t li nhng iu c trn bo, nghe trn i, xem trn TV. C ngha l: Nghe ni * ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + / = Nghe ni * Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt * Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt * Danh t + & th vn tt ca , , Hm nay xem TV, nghe ni M xy ra ng t Nghe ni anh Tanaka rt kho 95) Cch dng tr ng t : s dng trong trng hp suy on nhng iu nhn thy, nghe thy. C ngha l: C v nh, dng nh, ging nh

* ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + / = Dng nh * Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt * Tnh t () + * Danh t + n ng Nht dng nh khng lm cng vic nh cho lm Tt c nhng ngi kia dng nh rnh ri 96) Cch dng tr ng t t gia cu b ngha cho ng t hoc danh t * B ngha cho ng t: i thnh Cng vic nhiu nh ni * B ngha cho danh t: i thnh C mu da ging nh hoa anh o 97) Cch dng tr ng t : s dng trong trng hp suy on nhng iu nhn thy, nghe thy, nhng c cn c xc thc. Tr ng t c s dng v c chia ging nh tnh t (i). C ngha l: C v nh, dng nh * ng t nguyn mu & vn tt + = Dng nh, c v nh * Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt * Tnh t () * Danh t . Dng nh anh Trn ngh lm. Anh Tanaka ni nh th. 98) Cch dng mu cu: trnh by mt s vic no c tin hnh c xem nh l mt trch nhim, s cn thit hoc mt ngha v. + Cch 1: kt hp vi / Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + / V d: / * Ch : nu tn cng bng m th i thnh V d: / Nhm 2: b , ri kt hp vi / V d: / Nhm 3: / / ,

Tun ti visa ca ti ht hn, nn ti phi i ci mi + Cch 2: kt hp vi / Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + / V d: / * Ch : nu tn cng bng m th i thnh V d: / Nhm 2: b , ri kt hp vi / V d: / Nhm 3: / / Trong nh my ny phi i m bo h 99) Cch dng mu cu: trnh by mt s vic khng cn thit. y l hnh thc ph nh ca /+ * ng t ph nh vn tt + = D khng cng c Nghe ni ch Kanji ny khng thuc cng c 100) Cch dng tha ng t & t ng t: a) Tha ng t: ________ + tha ng t , V bn cnh l cng trng ang xy dng, n o nn ti ng ca s b) T ng t: ________ + t ng t , V cnh ca ng, nn hy ch 101) Cch bin i tha ng t thnh t ng t: * Tha ng t th / + = t ng t + Trnh by mt s vic ang tn ti mt trng thi no trn tng c treo bc tranh + Trnh by mt s vic c chun b xong Khch sn Osaka t xong 102) Cch dng tr ng t (chia theo cch chia ng t): * ng t th / + = sn, trc a) S dng trong trng hp lm vic g chun b cho mt vic khc.

, Trc khi hi ngh hy c k trc t liu b) S dng trong trng hp khng lm thay i mt s vic, trng thi no v y nguyn nh th. C ngha l: y nguyn V lnh nn xin hy l si bt y nguyn nh th 103) Cch dng tr ng t (chia theo cch chia ng t): a) trnh by hnh ng c tin hnh trc khi i: , Ngy mai khi (i) n nh anh Tanaka ti s i mua ru (wine) b) trnh by cch thc i , Mi sng ti i b t nh n cng ty c) trnh by trng thi khi i , Khi i du lch bao gi ti cng mang my chp hnh i d) trnh by hnh ng ri xa ngi ni chuyn C Guri vo phng gim c 104) Cch dng tr ng t (chia theo cch chia ng t): a) trnh by hnh ng trc khi n: , , Sng nay khi n trng ti mua t bo nh ga b) trnh by cch thc n Mi sng ti p xe t k tc x n trng hc c) trnh by trng thi khi n , Sng nay tri lnh nn mc o khoc n d) trnh by hnh ng hng gn n ngi ni chuyn C Guri ri khi phng hi ngh 105) Cch dng tr ng t (chia theo cch chia ng t): a) trnh by hi tic, nui tic mt ci g hay mt s vic no . C ngha l mt ri:

* ng t th / + = mt ri Ti nhm ln mt gi hi ngh b) trnh by mt s vic c tin hnh xong ht. C ngha l ht (ton b): * ng t th / + = ht (ton b) Cng vic hm nay xong ht ton b 106) Mu cu: ng t / tnh t th ph nh vn tt + , a) trnh by nguyn nhn, l do hoc lit k th t hnh ng, s vic, ngha l V nn , V ba tic hm nay khng c c Suzuki nn tht l bun a) lit k th t hnh ng, s vic, ngha l Khng , , Khch khng vo nh hng khng ngon, t tin 107) Mu cu: ng t ph nh vn tt + + = khng , ... (s dng khi khng lm mt vic g thng thng, m lm mt vic khc) , . , . Ngi phng bn cnh l sinh vin i hc nhng dng nh khng hc hnh g c. Khng i n trng i hc, ch lm cng vic ngoi gi thi. , Trong cng ty, ti khng s dng ting m m ch ni chuyn ting Nht 108) Mu cu trnh by mt mnh lnh hay mt yu cu ph nh lch s: ng t ph nh vn tt + = Xin vui lng ng . . Xin vui lng ng xe ch ny. Xe xin vui lng ng kia 109) Mu cu trnh by mt mnh lnh vn tt (dng vi ngi ngang hoc di mnh): ng t ph nh vn tt + = Xin vui lng ng + Cch 1: Nhm 1: chuyn thnh V d: , , , , (ngoi l) , , Hy i mt cht Hy vit bo co

Nhm 2: chuyn thnh V d: , , Nhm 3: Hy lm nhanh ln + Cch 2: ng t th + = Hy * Lu : ng t khi kt hp thng lc b () Hy i mt cht Hy vit bo co Hy lm nhanh ln Hy gi in thoi n cng ty

Hy gi in thoi n cng ty 110) Mu cu: ng t nguyn mu + : trnh by s cm on hoc mnh lnh ph nh vn tt. Hnh thc ny ch nn ni vi bn b hoc ngi di. Khng c ht thuc y Khng c chp hnh y

111) Mu cu: ng t nguyn mu + : trnh by a) khi s vic th nht xy ra tt nhin s vic th hai s xy ra; b) mt tp tnh, tp qun, thi quen; c) khi thuyt minh th t cch s dng my mc, tc dng, hiu qu ca thuc , Nu n ci nt ny th chung s reo , Nht, nu sinh con th nhiu ph n ngh lm vic , Ci my ny, nu n ch ny th np s m ra 112) Mu cu: ng t qu kh vn tt Tnh t () qu kh vn tt Tnh t () qu kh vn tt Danh t a) S dng khi a ra mt gi thit nu pht sinh mt tnh trng hay mt s vic no trnh by nguyn vng, ch, hng ca mnh hoc khuyn bo, nh cy ngi khc. , + = Nu th / Khi th

Cng vic ny nu kt thc trong ngy hm nay th ti tnh s tham gia chuyn du lch ca cng ty vo ngy mai. , Ngy mai nu rnh th n ti chi nh. b) Trnh by sau khi xy ra mt s vic no tng lai hoc sau khi lm mt vic g th s lm mt vic khc. , Khi v nc th ti mun gp bn b c) Trnh by mt s gi thit ngc li vi s thc. , Nu ti tr hn na th ti mun i du hc M. d) Trnh by sau khi mt hnh ng no c tin hnh th c mt s vic khc xy ra ngoi d on. , 1 3 Nu mi sng chy b th trong 1 thng s gy i 3kg. 113) Chia ng t hnh thc gi nh: + = Nu th . a) Trnh by iu kin t c mc tiu ca nguyn vng hoc iu kin gii quyt mt vn no . , Nu ni chuyn mi ngy vi ngi Nht th ting Nht s gii. b) Trnh by iu kin cn thit quan trng nht hoc iu kin tha nhn , Nu xem catalogue th s bit gi c 114) Chia tnh t () sang hnh thc gi nh: * Tnh t + = Nu th a) Trnh by iu kin t c mc tiu ca nguyn vng hoc iu kin gii quyt mt vn no . , Nu cch s dng d dng th ti s mua b) Trnh by iu kin cn thit quan trng nht hoc iu kin tha nhn , Ngy th 7 nu khng tin th chng ta i ngy ch nht 115) Chia tnh t () v danh t sang hnh thc gi nh (cch dng nh tnh t ) * Tnh t / danh t + = Nu th

(Thng thng hay lc b i) (), Nu thao tc iu khin n gin th ti s mua 116) Danh t * ng t nguyn mu + = Khi (Biu th thi k, thi gian mt s thay i, di chuyn, ng tc, hnh ng cha hon tt hon ton) , cng ty ti, khi ng nghip chuyn cng tc th mi ngi s tng qu k nim * ng t qu kh vn tt + = Khi (Biu th thi k, thi gian ngay sau khi s thay i, bin i, di chuyn, ng tc, hnh ng hon tt) , Khi bn b kt hn th ti mang qu chc mng n nh 117) Tr t : trnh by hnh ng ca iu kin trc, sau khi bin i th tin hnh s vic sau, hoc l s vic sau xy ra. * ng t th / + = Sau khi , Ti lun lun sau khi ra tay mi n cm 118) Tr t : trnh by mt s vic khng bit r s nh th no. ng t nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () nguyn mu & vn tt Tnh t () Danh t Anh c bit cng ty kia tin lng cao nh th no khng? Ti khng nh sng nay c kho ca s hay khng. 119) Tr t : trnh by nhn mnh cm gic nghi vn. Thng c s dng hnh thc hoc . Ti khng bit tn ny c nh th no th c 120) Cch s dng ng t knh ng & cu knh ng: (ni chuyn vi ngi trn hoc khi ni chuyn kinh doanh) a) Cch 1: + = nh th no, hay khng

Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + * c bit, nu tn cng bng m th i thnh V d: , * Ngoi l: V d: , Nhm 2: / + V d: , Nhm 3: ng hc ting Nht u vy ? b) Cch 2: ngoi ra, phi thuc nhng ng t knh ng c sn Gim c c ng kia c) Cch 3: + ng t +

Thy gio c sch 121) Mu cu trnh by mt mnh lnh hay mt yu cu xc nh & knh ng. * + ng t + Xin ng vui lng hy i vo cn phng ny 122) Cch s dng ng t khim nhng & cu khim nhng: (ni chuyn vi ngi trn hoc khi ni chuyn kinh doanh) a) Cch 1: v d: b) Cch 2: / + ng t + /

Anh Tanaka xch hnh l ca gim c 123) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi mnh hoc nhng ngi c xem nh l cng nhm vi mnh tng ngi khc ci g . C ngha l: Tng Anh tng anh Yamada ci g? 124) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi ngi khc cho mnh hoc nhng ngi c xem nh l cng nhm vi mnh ci g . C ngha l: Cho Anh Yamada cho anh ci g vy? 125) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi mnh hoc nhng ngi c xem nh l cng nhm vi mnh nhn ci g t ngi khc. C ngha l: Nhn Anh nhn qu t ai? 126) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi mnh cho ngi di mnh ci g , hoc cng c khi dng khi mnh cho ng vt thc n. C ngha l: Cho Ti cho em trai ci v 127) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh hoc nhng ngi thn vi mnh c ngi khc lm cho vic g . * ng t th / + = c / nh Ti c bn ngi Nht dy cho bi ht Nht 128) Mu cu: s dng khi ngi khc lm cho mnh hoc ngi thn vi mnh mt vic g . * ng t th / + = cho (mnh) Ngi ca cng ty dy ting Nht cho ti 129) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh hoc ngi thn vi mnh lm cho ngi khc mt vic g . * ng t th / + = cho Ti dy cho anh Chari ting Nht 130) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh lm mt vic g cho ngi di mnh. * ng t th / + = cho Ti mua cho con trai chic ng h

131) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi mnh, nhng ngi thn hay c xem nh cng nhm vi mnh biu ngi trn, cp trn mt vt g . C ngi l Biu Ti biu trng ban tr Trung quc 132) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi ngi trn hoc cp trn cho mnh, ngi thn ca mnh, hay c xem nh cng nhm vi mnh mt vt g . C ngi l Cho Gim c cho anh Tanaka chic ng h eo tay. 133) Cch dng ng t : s dng khi mnh, ngi thn ca mnh, hay c xem nh cng nhm vi mnh nhn ca ngi trn, cp trn mt vt g . C ngi l Nhn Anh trai ti nhn chic ng h t tin t gim c. 134) Mu cu: s dng khi c ngi trn lm cho mt vic g . * ng t th / + = c Em gi ti c gim c dy cho bi ht Nht 135) Mu cu: s dng khi ngi trn lm mt vic g cho mnh (hoc ngang hng vi mnh). * ng t th / + = cho (mnh) Thy gio dy cho ti bi ht Nht 136) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh, ngi thn hoc c xem nh cng nhm vi mnh lm mt vic g cho ngi trn hoc cp trn. * ng t th / + = cho Ti pha tr cho khch hng 137) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh mun nh ngi khc lm mt vic g . C ngha l C th nh c khng ? / C th c c khng ? * ng t th / + = C th nh c khng ? Ti c th nh anh trao h s ny cho ng Tanaka c khng ? 138) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh nh cy, yu cu ngi trn mnh lm mt vic g . C ngha l C th nh c khng ? / C th c c khng ? * ng t th / + = C th nh c khng ? Ti c th nh ng trao h s ny cho ng Tanaka c khng ?

139) Chia ng t sang hnh thc sai khin (Bt , cho ): Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + * c bit, nu tn cng bng m th i thnh V d: * Ngoi l : V d: , Nhm 2: / + V d: Nhm 3: Trnh by p buc, cng ch Cp trn bt cp di vit bo co Trnh by cho php, chp thun Trng ban cho ti v nh sm Trnh by kt qu mt hnh vi, hnh ng no nh hng n ngi khc , V ti tng tng phm nn lm bn ti vui mng 140) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh xin php ai c lm mt vic g . C ngha l Xin vui lng cho php ti c * ng t (sai khin) th / + = Xin vui lng cho php ti c Xin ng vui lng cho php ti c chp nh 141) Mu cu: s dng khi mnh xin php ngi trn mnh hoc cp trn cho php mnh lm mt vic g . C ngha l Ti mun c ng cho php ti c . / ng c th cho php ti c * ng t (sai khin) th / + = Ti mun c ng cho php ti c . * ng t (sai khin) th / + = ng c th cho php ti c . Ti mun ng cho php ti c chp nh, c c khng?

Cng vic xin ng c th cho php ti c lm? 142) Chia ng t sang hnh thc th ng (B , c ): Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + * c bit, nu tn cng bng m th i thnh V d: * Ngoi l : V d: , Nhm 2: / + V d: Nhm 3: Trnh by mt hnh vi, hnh ng, nh hng, nhn t ngi khc Ti c bn ti mi d tic Trnh by mt s b gy phin phc, phin h, gy kh khn cn tr Hm qua ti b mc ma Trnh by thng tin v mt s vic, s kin no Bi ht ny thng c ht trong karaoke 143) Chia ng t sang hnh thc va sai khin va th ng (B bt, c cho ): Nhm 1: chuyn thnh + * c bit, nu tn cng bng m th i thnh ri kt hp vi V d: * i vi ng t tn cng bng th i thnh ri kt hp vi : V d: * Ngoi l : V d: , Nhm 2: / + V d:

Nhm 3: Ti b thy gio bt ngi pha trc Anh trai b bc s bt b thuc l v ru Ti b mi ngi bt ht Anh Yamada b cp trn bt n cng ty d l ngy ch nht 144) Mu cu: trnh by s hnh ng ly kt qu tt lm mc tiu, hoc phng mt trng thi khng mong mun. C ngha l * ng t nguyn mu & ph nh vn tt + = , Ti ang hc ting Nht s dng ting Nht trong cng vic , Ti hc ch Kanji c th c bo 145) Mu cu: trnh by mt s vic lun c ch v ht sc lu . C ngha l Lun c gng * ng t nguyn mu & ph nh vn tt + = Lun c gng Khi ni chuyn ting Nht ti lun c gng suy ngh bng ting Nht 146) Mu cu: s dng khi chuyn mt mnh lnh hoc ch th ca ngi th 3 cho ngi ni chuyn: * ng t nguyn mu & ph nh vn tt + = Ni rng Trng phng ni rng hy np bo co sm 147) Mu cu: trnh by mt s nh cy, yu cu ngi ni chuyn chuyn mt mnh lnh hoc ch th n ngi th 3: * /t ng/mu & ph/nh v/tt + = Xin vui lng chuyn li () * /t ng/mu & ph/nh v/tt + = Xin vui lng hy ni () , Xin vui lng ni vi anh Tanaka ngy mai mang bo co n

148) Cch dng danh t : a) trnh by mc ch. C ngha l: (cho) /t ng/mu & ph/nh v/tt + = Danh t + , Ti ang chun b cho hi ngh tun ti b) trnh by nguyn nhn, l do. C ngha l: V nn /t qu kh v/tt + = Tnh t Danh t + , V bn ti n thm nn ti tr mt gi hn 149) Cch dng tr ng t : trnh by s thay i t khi bt u, tip tc ko di n hin nay. Hay ni cch khc, trnh by mt s thay i dn dn, nhng s kt thc: * ng t th / + , Con sng ny v nc bn nn s lng c gim xung 150) Cch dng tr ng t : trnh by s thay i t nay v sau. Hay ni cch khc, trnh by s thay i dn dn, nhng vn cn ko di: * ng t th / + Ti ngh rng dn s trn th gii t by gi tr i cng vn gia tng 151) Mu cu: trnh by s thay i nng lc v cch suy ngh, quan nim, hnh thc sinh hot, hnh ng. Trc y khng lm hoc khng th lm c, nhng by gi lm hoc c th lm c. C ngha l: Dng nh * /t ng/mu + = Dng nh Dng nh ti c th thc dy sm bui sng 152) Mu cu: trnh by s thay i nng lc v cch suy ngh, quan nim, hnh thc sinh hot, hnh ng. Trc y lm hoc c th lm c, nhng by gi khng lm c hoc khng th lm c na. * /t ph nh vn tt + = khng na , gn nh ti, v nc sng b bn, nn c khng th sng c na 153) Cch dng tr t /, c ngha l: Cho d nhng cng a) ng t:

Nhm 1: Loi 1: tn cng bng , , i thnh + , , Loi 2: tn cng bng , , , , Loi 3: tn cng bng , , i thnh , , * Ngoi l (ui nhm 2 chia nh nhm 1) : V d: Nhm 2: / + V d: Nhm 3: b) Tnh t : i thnh ri kt hp vi , c) Tnh t + , , d) Danh t + * S dng khi a ra mt s vic tm thi qua s suy ngh ca mnh nhng kt qu khng ph hp theo nh trong thc t , Cho d l ngy ch nht, nhng cng phi lm vic * S dng khi s suy ngh mt vic no , mnh ni ra mt s vic khc c tin hnh, nhng kt qu khng ng nh trong thc t , Cho d tin lng c t mt cht, nhng ti mun lm cng vic th v * S dng khi a ra mt trng hp c bit, nhng trng hp khc l chuyn ng nhin , , V bn rn nn cho d l ngy ch nht, nhng cng phi n cng ty 154) Cch dng tr t : s dng trong trng hp kt ni 2 mnh . Trnh by nguyn nhn, l do mnh trc v kt qu ngc li khng ng nh thng thng. /t ng/mu & vn tt + = Mc d . nhng

Tnh t () ng/mu & vn tt Tnh t () + Danh t + 10 , Anh Ri d sng Nht 10 nm, nhng khng th ni mt cu ting Nht