Izoba
1
Izobara:: p=const Gej-Lisakov 1 1 = 2 2 ; q 12 = c p (T 2 – T 1 ) 12 = p(v 2 – v 1 ) = R(T 2 – T 1 ) ; t12 = 0 ; ∆h = q 12 ∆u = c v (T 2 – T 1 ) ; ∆S = mc p n 2 1 vodena para: q 12 = h 2 – h 1 ; 12 = p(v 2 – v 1 ) U 12 = h 2 – h 1 - p(v 2 – v 1 ) ; t12 = 0 Izohora:: v=const Šarlov 1 1 = 2 2 ; q 12 = c v (T 2 – T 1 ) ; 12 = 0 ; t12 = v (P 1 - P 1 ) ∆h = c p (T 2 – T 1 ) ; ∆u = q 12 ; ∆S = mc v n 2 1 vodena para: q 12 = u 2 – u 1 ; 12 = 0 U 12 = h 2 – h 1 - v(p 2 – p 1 ) ; t12 = - v(p 2 – p 1 ) Izoterma:: T=const Bojl-Marioto 1 2 = 2 1 ; q 12 = p 1 v 1 n 2 1 = RT n 1 2 12 = q 12 ; t12 = q 12 ; ∆h = 0 ; ∆u = o ∆S = 12 = R n 1 2 vodena para: q 12 = T(s 2 – s 1 ) ; 12 = q 12 - U 12 U 12 = (h 2 – p 2 v 2 ) – (h 1 – p 1 v 1 ) ; t12 = q 12 – (h 2 – h 1 ) pV = mRT ; pv = RT ; pV = nRT Izentropa , Adijabata :: q 12 = 0 ; pv k = con. Tv k-1 = const ; p 1-k T k = const 2 1 = ( 1 2 ) ; 2 1 = ( 2 1 ) − 1 ; 2 1 = ( 1 2 ) −1 ; k = ∆ℎ = - t12 = c p (T 2 – T 1 ) ; t12 = k ∙ 12 = t12 = c p (T 1 – T 2 ) 12 = −1 (T 1 – T 2 ) = 1 −1 [1 - ( 2 1 ) −1 ] 12 = 1 1 −1 (1 – 2 1 ) = c v (T 1 – T 2 ) ; ∆ = 0 ; ∆ = - 12 vodena para (samo izentropa): q 12 = 0 ; 12 = - u 12 U 12 = (h 2 – p 2 v 2 ) – (h 1 – p 1 v 1 ) ; t12 = h 1 – h 2 Politropa:: pv n = const 2 1 = ( 1 2 ) ; 2 1 = ( 2 1 ) − 1 ; 2 1 = ( 1 2 ) −1 n = ( 2 1 ) ( 1 2 ) ; − 1 = ( 2 1 ) ( 2 1 ) ; c p – c v = R c n = c v − − 1 ; c v = − 1 ; c p = k ∙ c v q 12 = c n (T 2 – T 1 ) ; ∆ = c v (T 2 – T 1 ) 12 = −1 (T 1 – T 2 ) ; 12 = −1 (T 1 – T 2 ) t12 = n 12 = −1 (T 1 – T 2 )
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oba
Transcript of Izoba
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Izobara:: p=const Gej-Lisakov 1
1=
2
2 ; q12 = cp (T2 T1)
12 = p(v2 v1) = R(T2 T1) ; t12 = 0 ; h = q12
u = cv (T2 T1) ; S = mcp n2
1
vodena para: q12 = h2 h1 ; 12 = p(v2 v1)
U12 = h2 h1 - p(v2 v1) ; t12 = 0
Izohora:: v=const arlov 1
1 =
2
2 ; q12 = cv (T2 T1) ; 12 = 0 ; t12 = v (P1 - P1)
h = cp(T2 T1) ; u = q12 ; S = mcv n2
1
vodena para: q12 = u2 u1 ; 12 = 0
U12 = h2 h1 - v(p2 p1) ; t12 = - v(p2 p1)
Izoterma:: T=const Bojl-Marioto
1
2 =
2
1 ; q12 = p1v1 n
2
1 = RT n
1
2
12 = q12 ; t12 = q12 ; h = 0 ; u = o
S = 12
= R n
1
2
vodena para: q12 = T(s2 s1) ; 12 = q12 - U12
U12 = (h2 p2v2) (h1 p1v1) ; t12 = q12 (h2 h1)
pV = mRT ; pv = RT ; pV = nRT
Izentropa , Adijabata :: q12 = 0 ; pvk = con.
Tv k-1 = const ; p 1-k Tk = const
2
1 = (
1
2) ;
2
1 = (
2
1)
1
; 2
1 = (
1
2)1 ; k =
= - t12 = cp (T2 T1) ; t12 = k 12 = t12 = cp (T1 T2)
12 =
1(T1 T2) =
1
1[1 - (
2
1)
1
]
12 = 11
1(1
2
1) = cv (T1 T2) ; = 0 ; = - 12
vodena para (samo izentropa): q12 = 0 ; 12 = - u12
U12 = (h2 p2v2) (h1 p1v1) ; t12 = h1 h2
Politropa:: pvn = const
2
1 = (
1
2) ;
2
1 = (
2
1)
1
; 2
1 = (
1
2)1
n = (
21
)
(12
) ;
1
=
(21
)
(21
) ; cp cv = R
cn = cv
1 ; cv =
1 ; cp = k cv
q12 = cn (T2 T1) ; = cv (T2 T1)
12 =
1(T1 T2) ; 12 =
1(T1 T2)
t12 = n 12 =
1(T1 T2)
