Infections of the Respiratory System. Why is this system important? The respiratory system is the...
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Transcript of Infections of the Respiratory System. Why is this system important? The respiratory system is the...
Infections of the Respiratory System
Why is this system important?
The respiratory system is the most commonly infected system
Health care providers will see more respiratory infections than any other type
Overview
The Respiratory System
A major portal of entry for infectious organisms
It is divided into two tracts – upper and lower respiratory tracts
The division is based on structures and functions in each part.
The two parts have different types of infections
Labeling Assignment
Now that you know your respiratory system is divided into 2 parts, the upper and the lower respiratory tracts, label the diagram with the correct components that make up each tract.
Use the following words: Alveolus Throat (pharynx) Bronchus Lung Mouth Larynx Nasal Cavity Wind pipe (trachea) Nose Bronchiole
After labeling each component draw a line where you believe the upper and lower respiratory tracts
The Respiratory Tract
The Upper Respiratory Tract Nasal cavity, nose, mouth, pharynx, Infections are fairly common Usually nothing more than an irritation
The Lower Respiratory Tract Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alveolus Infections are more dangerous Can be very difficult to treat
Respiratory functions
1. supplies the body with oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide
2. filters inspired air
3. produces sound
4. contains receptors for smell
5. rids the body of some excess water and heat
6. helps regulate blood pH
Pathogens of the Respiratory System
Respiratory pathogens are easily transmitted from human to humanThey circulate within a community Infections spread easilyhttp://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/best-sneeze-22258478
Some respiratory pathogens exist as part of the normal flora
Others are acquired from animal source, water, air etc
Fungi are also a source of respiratory infectionUsually in immunocompromised patients
Pathogens of the Respiratory System cont’d
Some pathogens are restricted to certain sites
Legionella only infects the lungOther pathogens cause infection in multiple sites
Streptococcus can cause: Middle ear infectionsSinusitisPneumonia
Defenses of the Respiratory System
The body has a variety of host defense mechanisms
Innate immune response the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner
Adaptive immune It is adaptive immunity because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges
Defenses of the Respiratory System
The respiratory system has significant defenses
The upper respiratory tract has: Mucociliary escalator As air usually enters the body through the nose (a
preferable point of entry) Cilia (fine hairs) protect against dust and other
particles from the air Particles that may slip through the cilia are caught
in the thick, sticky, mucous lining of the nasal cavity
Air is warmed in the nasal cavity and finally moisture is added
Coughing Secretory IgA
The lower respiratory tract has:Alveolar macrophages IgA
Defenses of the Respiratory System cont’d