呼吸系统 Respiratory System. The General Description Composition Nose Pharynx upper respiratory...
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Transcript of 呼吸系统 Respiratory System. The General Description Composition Nose Pharynx upper respiratory...
The General Description Composition
NosePharynx upper respiratory tract
Larynx
Trachea lower respiratory tract
Bronchi
Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi
II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum
Little region
Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi
II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum
Little region
Two parts:
Nasal vestibule 鼻前庭 Proper nasal cavity
固有鼻腔Lateral wall
Nasal conchae 鼻甲Nasal meatus 鼻道Sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝
Remove the middle nasal conchae
Semilunar hiatus
半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum
筛漏斗 Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 Nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管
Frontal sinus 额窦
Ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦 Sphenoid sinus
蝶窦
Maxillary sinus 上颌窦
III.The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose
Section 2 The Larynx 喉
Position - situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6
I.Layngeal cartilages
(I)Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage
Laryngeal prominence
(II)Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Complete ring of cartilage
(shaped like a signet ring)
(III)Arytenoid 杓状软骨 Paired, pyramid shaped
(IV)Epiglottic cartilage
会厌软骨 leaf-shaped elastic
cartilage
II.Laryngeal joints
• Thyrohyroid membrane 甲状舌骨膜• cricothyroid joint 环甲关节• cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节
• Quadrangular membrane
方形膜• Conus elasticus 弹性圆
锥– vocal ligament
– Median cricothyroid ligment
• Cricotracheal ligament
环气管韧带
III.Muscles of larynx IV .Laryngeal cavity
(I)Aperture of larynx 喉口 bounded by upper border
epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch
Structure features• Two folds :
– Vestibular folds
– Vocal folds
• Two fissures
Rima vestibulithe
Fissure of glottis
Intermembranous part Intercartilagrnous part
(II)Three parts• Laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭• Intermedial cavity of larynx 喉中间腔
– Ventricle of larynx• Infraglottic cavity 声门下腔
Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi
Position• Structure features
– Consists of about 16- 20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages
– Carina of trachea
I.Trachea
Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi
Position• Structure features
– Consists of about 16- 20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages
– Carina of trachea
I.Trachea
II.Bronchi 支气管Right principal bronchus
Shorter, wider, and more vertical
Left principal bronchus
Narrower, longer, and more horizontal
Section 4 The Lungs 肺
PositionGeneral features• Cone-shaped• An Apex of lung• A Base of lung• Three surfaces• Three borders
• Medial surface– Hilum of lung– Root of lung
• Order of structures
From before backward: V.A.B. From above downward:
»R. - B. A. V. »L. - A. B. V.
Lobes and Fissure
• Right lung– Two fissures :
horizontal and oblique
– Three lobes
• Left lung– One fissure : oblique
– Two lobes
Section 5 The Pleura胸膜
General features• Serous membranes
forming closed sacs• Two layers
– Visceral pleura -adheres to lung
– Parietal pleura -lines the thoracic cavity
pleural cavity: Two pleural layers continue
with each other at root
of lung formed a closed
potential space
– Contains a small amount of pleural fluid
– Subatmospheric pressure in it
Named parts of parietal pleura
• Cupula of pleura
• Costal pleura
• Mediastinal pleura
• Diaphragmatic pleura
Pleura recesses 胸膜隐窝• Costodiaphragmatic recesse 肋膈隐窝 They are the slit-like intervals and the lowest points of pleural cavities
• Costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝
The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae
Lower border
Midclavicular lines
Midaxillary lines
Sides of the vertebral column
Lungs 6th rib 8th rib 10th rib
Pleura 8th rib 10th rib 12th rib