Il biochar secondo Irene Criscuoli
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heated to temperatures between 300 and 1000ºC, under low (preferablyzero) oxygen concentrations. stable carbon compound
Charcoal is produced for heating and barbequeBiochar for sequestering C in soils and improving soil quality
aromatic structure graphitic structure
(JRC, 2010)
Fairhead J, Leach M 2009
village
active midden kitchen gardenand seedling
agroforest
• ~ no research on ADE
• Few exception: • in Cote d’Ivoire and Togo: savannas forest and fertile
soils:– infiltration, – more pores from worm, ants and termite activity, – change in soil bacteria – augmented phosphorous and calcium – more productive ecosystem
(Mitja 1990, and Mitja and Puig, 1991, Mondjannagni, 1969, Guelly et al. 1993, O'Neill et al. 2006)
Ghana• Charcoal production soil physical properties in the
forest–savanna transition zone • Increase in:
– water conductivity, – porosity – infiltration, – soil pH – exchangeable mineral (available Potassium up by 329%)
• Decrease in:– organic C and total N by 9.8% and 12.8% – clay fraction of the soil
(Oguntunde et al. 2003, 2008)
Treatment
Increase in maize grain yield as compared to soils without charcoal and without fertilizer
Charcaol sites + fertilizer 276%Charcaol sites without fertilizer 91%soils without charcoal + fertil izer 78%
(Oguntunde et al, 2003)
(Oguntunde et al. 2008)
(Bailey, 1999)
Lobell, 2011
Present growing-season averagetemperature
impacts of 1°Cwarming on maize yield
impacts of 1°Cwarming on maize yield in case of drought
Most vulnerable areas to climate change: tropical Africa, Asia and America(UNFCCC, 2007)
International Biochar Initiative + Cornell University for the World Bank: > 150 projects in 43 developing countries (June 2011)
Thea Whitman, 2009
globalregionallocal
Voluntary carbon credits or CDM
Stove-Energy SME spin – off
Fuel cost and production
Socio-economical issues
Climate changeLand degradationOutdoor air pollution
Indoor air pollutionEnvironmental issues
Veneto e il FriuliVenezia Giulia
UK, Belize, the Maldives, Mozambique, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Nevada (USA) and Brazil.
Sostanza secca totale
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
16/02/2009 08/03/2009 28/03/2009 17/04/2009 07/05/2009 27/05/2009 16/06/2009 06/07/2009data
s.s
(g/m
2)
B3B6C
Esperimento di campo con grano duro (Triticum durum L.), Pistoia 2009
Sost
anza
secc
ag/
m²
• 80-90% di Carbonio organizzato in una strutturaaromatica : stabilità : non viene trasformata in CO2
100
50
10
1 32
Bio-char
Un-charred organic matter
4 5Years
Carb
on re
mai
ning
(%)
B
Lehmann e Rondon,2006
Tempo medio di residenza delCarbonio nel suolo :
• Materia organica del suolo in media : 26 – 40 anni
• Biochar : 2000 anni
Glaser et al., 2007
N2O Em iss ion
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
118 132 154 161 190
GG
N 2O fl
uxes
mg
m-2
day
-1
CB3B6
Flus
siN
2O m
g/m
2 /g