I A & II A 元素及其化合物
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Transcript of I A & II A 元素及其化合物
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I A & II A
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1 s Li 6.54 s 3 s 2
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lithiumsodiumpotassiumrubidiumcaesiumfranciumberylliummagnesiumcalciumstrontiumbariumradium (generalization)
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(simple substance)
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IA S
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: 2 M(s) + 2 H2O (l) 2 M+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) + H2(g) . : M(s) + 2 H2O (l) M+(aq) + 2 OH(aq) + H2(g)
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Li Li(1)(2)
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Li Be Eq 25 . 3519 kJmol-1 Eq(Be2+/Be) I1 (Be) + I2 (Be) = 2656 kJmol-1
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(flame reaction). (flame reaction)
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4~6 NH3
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::
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CaCl2 (flux) Na Na K CaRb SrCs BaLi BeNa Mgs
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K C K K
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Pk DrGmDrHm766 C890 C KCl NaCl , T DrSmDrGm
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: Na Li K Cs Rb Mg Ca Be Ba Sr : Na K Li Cs Rb Ca Mg Ba Sr Be
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2. Al-Li(3 % ),3. 4. ()1,U-23581340
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0.1%
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. 133Cs (9192631770 s-1) , SI s. ( 1.0 10-9 s )
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70 % -80 % . -. 70 %
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(compound)
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(hydride)
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:O2- > O2- > O22-(O2-)
(O22-)
(O2-)(1) (2) (oxide)MCO3 MO + CO2(g)
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(3) H2O () Na2O2 (oxide)
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s . .
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.Be2+ BeCl2.
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NaClO4 KClO4 Na+K+ClO4 . . . Na+K+ClO4
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M2CO3 MCO3
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MCO3
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. 3. 3Nobel (complex)
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(crown ether) (macrocyclic coordination compound) .K+Na+ 105 :1 (cryptant)
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2.2.1 Na+ 2.2.2 K+
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2 3 (diagonal rule) 2 LiBeB 3 3 MgAlSi 3
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Li+Mg2+
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HBF4 H2SiF6 BBSiSi H3BO3 H2SiO3
15C5