GSP+ jpl;lKk; ,yq;ifapd; kdpj kw;Wk; njhopyhsu; cupikfSk;[p.v];.gp gps]; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;...

GSP+ jpl;lKk; ,yq;ifapd; kdpj kw;Wk; njhopyhsu; cupikfSk;2019 Mtzp

nghJthd Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jy; jpl;lk; ([p.v];.gp.)

[p.v];.gp vd;gJ mnkupf;fh> [g;ghd;> mT];jpNuypah> Nehu;Nt Nghd;w

mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F> mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfs; jq;fs; nghUl;fis

Fiwe;j fl;lzk; my;yJ jPu;itaw;w Kiwapy; Vw;Wkjp nra;a mDkjpf;Fk; xU

tu;j;jf Vw;ghlhFk;. 1970 ,ypUe;J ,yq;if [p.v];.gp.jpl;lk; %yk; ed;ikaile;J

tUfpd;wJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ> mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfspd; tWikiaf;

Fiwf;fTk; Ml;rp kw;Wk; epiyahd mgptpUj;jp nraw;jpl;lj;ij tsu;r;rpailar;

nra;aTk; cjTk; tifapy; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpdhYk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; [p.v];.gp gps]; jpl;lk; vd;why; vd;d?

INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; [p.v];.gp jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; ''[p.v];.

gp. gps];'' kw;Wk; midj;Jk; Mdhy; MAjq;fs; (EBA) elj;Jjy;

vDk; tpNrl Cf;Ftpg;G Vw;ghLfis 2005 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ.

midj;Jk; Mdhy; MAjq;fs; (EBA) elj;Jjypd; fPo; 49 ehLfs;

MAjq;fs; kw;Wk; ntbnghUl;fs;1 jtpu;e;j midj;J nghUl;fisAk;

,ytrkhf mZff; $ba jPu;itaw;w Nfhl;lhf;fisg; ngWfpd;wd.

[p.v];.gp gps];> INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpdhy; 2005 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

[p.v];.gp. gps]; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; njupT nra;ag;gl;l gl;baypy; cs;s

1

[p.v];.gp gps]; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jFjp ngwj; Njitahd jifikfs;

ehLfs; GSP+ ,idg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F> gpuNtrpg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd epge;jidfis vl;Ltjid me;j ehLfs; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;:1

cyf tq;fpahy; "cau; eLj;ju tUkhdj;jpw;F" fPNo tUkhd epiy ,Ug;gjhf

tifg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;

INuhg;gpa re;ijf;F Kd;Dupik mZfiy toq;Fk; NtnwhU Vw;ghl;bypUe;J

(xU Rje;jpu tu;j;jf cld;gbf;if Nghd;wit) ed;ikailaf; $lhJ=

kdpj cupikfs;> njhopyhsu;> Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rp njhlu;ghd

27 rkthaq;fspy; ifr;rhj;jplTk;> ,e;j rkthaq;fis nray;gLj;Jtij

fz;fhzpf;Fk; Mizf;FOTf;F xj;Jiof;fTk; Ntz;Lk;

[p.v];.gp gps]; jpl;lj;jpw;F tpz;zg;gpj;jy;

Mu;tKk; jFjpAk; cs;s ehLfs; [p.v];.gp. gps]; jpl;lj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpw;F tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpz;zg;gpf;fg;gl;lTld; Rkhu; 10 khj

fhy kjpg;gPL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

INuhg;gpa Mizf;FO tpz;zg;gj;ij guprPypf;fTk; Njitahd jFjpfs; G+u;j;jp

nra;ag;gl;lhy; [p.v];.gp. gps]; toq;FtJ njhlu;gpy; Kd;nkhopaTk; 6 khjq;fs;

Njitg;gLk;.

mLj;J INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; fTd;rpy; kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa ghuhSkd;wk; vd;gd

Mizf;FOtpdhy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;l jpl;lj;ij guprPypf;fTk; jPu;khdk; xd;wpw;F tuTk;

2 khjq;fs; Njitg;gLk;.

nghUl;fis> [p.v];.gp gps]; gadhsp ehLfspdhy; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpw;F

Vw;Wkjp nra;a KbAk;. ,J gadhsp ehLfspdhy; Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLk;

nghUl;fSf;F ,wf;Fkjp tupapypUe;J tpyf;fspf;fpwJ. jw;rkak; [p.v];.gp. gps];

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,yq;if> Mu;Nkdpah> nghyptpah> Nfg; ntu;Nl> fpu;fp];jhd;>

nkhq;Nfhypah> ghfp];jhd;> gpypg;igd;]; cs;spl;l 8 ehLfs;2 jFjp ngw;Ws;sd.

2

fz;fhzpj;jy;

27 rkthaq;fspy; ,yFtpy; ifr;rhj;jpl;lhy; khj;jpuk; NghJkhdjy;y. gadhsp

ehLfs; ,e;j rkthaq;fis nraw;gLj;JtJld; ,ize;J nry;yTk; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

27 rkthaq;fSk; gadhsp ehLfshy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtij fz;fhzpg;gjw;F

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; nrad;Kiw xd;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. fz;fhzpg;G nrad;KiwahdJ>

jfty;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;sy;> fye;JiuahlYk; Neub tp[aq;fSk;> rptpy; r%f

FOf;fs;> njhopw;rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; NtW rpyu; cs;slq;fshf rk;ge;jg;gl;l gy;NtW

gq;Fjhuu;fis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. tpz;zg;gjhupf;F [p.v];.gp. gps]; toq;fg;gl;lTld;

INuhg;gpa xd;wpakhdJ 27 rkthaq;fs; njhlu;ghf gadhsp ehLfspd; ,zf;fg;ghL

kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;wk; Fwpj;J ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F xU Kiw mwpf;if xd;iw ntspapLk;.

[p.v];.gp. gps]; kw;Wk; ,yq;if

,yq;if 2005 Kjy; [p.v];.gp. gps]; gadhspahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. vdpDk; ,yq;iff;F

toq;fg;gl;l [p.v];.gp. gps]; ed;ikia 2009 Mk; Mz;L jw;fhypfkhf ,ilepWj;j

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; jPu;khdpj;jJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;> rpWtu; cupikfs; rkthak;> ru;tNjr

rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; cupikfs; cld;gbf;if kw;Wk; Jd;GWj;jYf;F vjpuhd rkthak;

Mfpa %d;W rkthaq;fSld; ,yq;if cld;gl;Lr; nry;yhikapdhyhFk;.

Nk 2017 ,y; ,yq;iff;F [p.v];.gp. gps]; kPs toq;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; jw;rkak;

,yq;ifapy; kuz jz;lidia kPs mwpKfg;gLj;JtJ gw;wpa fijahly;fs;

Muk;gpj;Js;sjd; fhuzkhf> ,e; epiyikfspy; fPo; ,yq;if [p.v];.gp. gps]; rYifia

,of;ff; $Lk; vd INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; vr;rupj;Js;sJ.

3

,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; [p.v];.gp. gps]; ,d; jhf;fq;fs;

,e;j jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,yq;ifapdhy; 6000 cw;gj;jpfis INuhg;gpa re;ijf;F

jPu;itapd;wp Vw;Wkjp nra;a KbAk;. ,J ,ilepWj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisthf> kPs

toq;fg;gl;l Nk 2017 tiu ,yq;if 150-250 gpy;ypad; &gh tUkhd ,og;igr; re;jpf;f

Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> ,yq;if 55 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyu; (&gh

9.625 l;upy;ypad; ) ngWkjpahd ntspehl;Lf; fld; nghwpapy; rpf;f Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ.

,jid NtW tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; xt;nthU ,yq;ifg; gpui[Ak; ntspehl;L

fld; toq;Fdu;fSf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba fld;njhif &gh 437>500 MFk;. 2019

ngg;utup 4 tiu ghupa fld; toq;Fdu;fspy; rPdh (14%)> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp

tq;fp (14%)> [g;ghd; (12%)> cyf tq;fp (11%) MfpNahu; cs;slq;Ffpd;wdu;.

Nk 2017 Kjy; [p.v];.gp gps]; kPz;Lk; toq;fg;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J> INuhg;gpa

xd;wpa ehLfSf;fhd Vw;Wkjp 24 khjq;fspy; 11% ,dhy; mjpfupj;jJ. . Mil

cw;gj;jpfs; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpw;fhd Vw;Wkjpapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 60% Mf ,Ue;jhYk;>

ghuk;gupakw;w Vw;WkjpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ ,J 8% kl;LNk mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

mjpfupj;JtUk; khjhe;j ntspehl;Lf; fld; jtizfis kPsr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf>

me;epar; nryhtzpfis mjpfupf;f Ntz;ba rpf;fyhd epiyf;F ,yq;if

Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sJ. jw;NghJ ntspehl;Lf; fld;fis kPsr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf

NkYk; fld;fis thq;f Ntz;ba epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ntspehLfSf;Fj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;j Ntz;ba njhif mjpfupg;gjd; fhuz-

khf mnkupf;f nlhyUf;F vjpuhd ,yq;if &ghtpd; ngWkjp Fi-

wtiltJld;> czT> ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; kUe;Jg; nghUl;fs; Nghd;w

mj;jpahtrpa ,wf;Fkjpg; nghUl;fspd; tpiyiaAk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;Js;sJ.

4

[p.v];.gp gps]; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jFjpngWtjw;F gadhsp ehLfs; rk;kjk; njuptpf;f Ntz;ba ru;tNjr rkthaq;fspd; gl;bay;

Kf;fpa kdpj kw;Wk; njhopyhsu; cupikfs; I.eh / I.vy;.X rkthaq;fs;

1. ,dg; gLnfhiy Fw;wj;ijj; jLj;jy; kw;Wk; jz;bg;gjw;fhd rkthak; (1948)

2. midj;J tifahd ,d ghFghLfisAk; ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd ru;tNjr

rkthak;

3. rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; cupikfs; njhlu;ghd ru;tNjr cld;gbf;if (1966)

4. nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu cupikfs; njhlu;ghd ru;tNjr

cld;gbf;if (1966)

5. ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd midj;J tifahd ghFghLfisAk;

,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd khehL (1979)

6. rpj;jputij kw;Wk; nfh^ukhd> kdpjhgpkhdkw;w my;yJ ,opthd elj;Jif

my;yJ jz;lidf;F vjpuhd rkthak; (1984)

7. rpWtu;fspd; cupikfs; njhlu;ghd ru;tNjr rkthak; (1989)

8. fl;lha Ntiy njhlu;ghd rkthak;> ,y. 29 (1930)

9. rq;fk; mikg;gjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd cupikiag;

ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd rkthak;> vz; 87 (1948)

10. xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd cupikfs; kw;Wk; $l;lhf Nguk; NgRtjw;fhd rkthak;>

,y 98 (1949)

5

11. rk kjpg;Gila Ntiyf;F Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; njhopyhsu;fSf;F rk Cjpak;

njhlu;ghd rkthak; ,y 100 (1951)

12. gyte;jkhd Ntiyia xopg;gJ njhlu;ghd rkthak; ,y 105 (1957)

13. njhopy; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;ig kjpg;gjpy; ghFghL njhlu;ghd rkthak;> ,y

111 (1958)

14. Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ njhlu;ghd rkthak; ,y 138 (1973)

15. Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu;fspd; Nkhrkhd tbtq;fis mfw;Wtjw;fhd cldb

eltbf;if kw;Wk; jiltpjpj;jy; njhlu;ghd rkthak; ,y 182 (1999)

Rw;Wr;R+oy; kw;Wk; MSif tpjpfs; njhlu;ghd rkthaq;fs;

16. mUfptUk; fhl;L tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fspd; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfk;

njhlu;ghd rkthak; (1973)

17. XNrhd; glyj;ij ghjpf;Fk; gjhu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd nkhd;l;upay; rkthak;

(1987)

18. mghafukhd fopTfspd; vy;iyg;Gw efu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;

mtw;iw mfw;Wjy; njhlu;ghd gh]y; rkthak; (1989)

19. capupay; gy;tifik njhlu;ghd rkthak; (1992)

20 fhyepiy khw;wk; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfs; fl;likg;G rkthak; (1992)

21. capu; ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j fhu;Nl[Pdh rkthak; ( 2000)

22. njhlu;r;rpahd Xu;fhdpf; khRgLj;jy; njhlu;ghd ]Nlhf;N`hk; rkthak;

(2001)

23. fhyepiy khw;wk; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfs; fl;likg;G fpNahl;Nlh rkthak;

(1998)

24. Nghij kUe;Jfs; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfs; jdpr; rkthak; (1961)

25. irf;Nfhl;Nuhgpf; nghUl;fs; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfs; rkthak; (1971)

26. rl;ltpNuhj Nghij kUe;J flj;jYf;F vjpuhd kw;Wk; irf;Nfhl;Nuhgpf;

nghUl;fs; njhlu;ghd If;fpa ehLfs; rkthak; (1988)

27. CoYf;F vjpuhd If;fpa ehLfs; rkthak; (2004)

6

vl;L I.vy;.X (ru;tNjr njhopyhsu; mikg;G) njhopyhsu; rkthaq;fspd; RUf;fkhd fz;Nzhl;lk;

ru;tNjr njhopyhsu; juepiyfs; I.vy;.X.tpd; mq;fj;jtu;fshy; (murhq;fq;fs;>

njhopy; toq;Fdu;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsu;fs;) tiuag;gl;l rl;lf; fUtpfshFk;. mit

mbg;gil tpjpfisAk; njhopy; cupikfisAk; mikf;fpd;wd. mit rkthaq;fshf

,Uf;fyhk; (my;yJ newpKiwfs;)> mit cWg;G ehLfshy; mq;fPfupf;fg;glf;$ba

ru;tNjr xg;ge;jq;fis rl;lG+u;tkhff; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd> my;yJ fl;Lg;gLj;jhj

topfhl;Ljy;fshf nray;gLk; gupe;Jiufshf mikfpd;wd.

gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;> xU rkthak; ehLfis mq;fPfupg;gjd; %yk; nray;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;ba mbg;gilf; nfhs;iffis tFf;fpwJ> mNj rkak; njhlu;Gila gupe;Jiu

vt;thW rkthaj;ijg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gjw;fhd tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fis

toq;FfpwJ. rpy Neuq;fspy; gupe;Jiufs; jdpj;jpUf;fyhk;> mjhtJ ve;jnthU

rkthaj;JlDk; ,izf;fg;glhjpUf;fyhk;.

gyte;jkhd Ntiy njhlu;ghd rkthak;> ,y. 29 (1930)

,e;jr; rkthak; midj;J tifahd tbtq;fspYk; gyte;j my;yJ fl;lha ciog;igg;

gad;gLj;Jtij epWj;Jtjw;fhd cWg;G ehLfspd; flg;ghl;il Kd;itf;fpwJ. jhdhf

Kd;te;J toq;fhj> ve;jnthU eguplkpUe;Jk; jz;lidahf ngwg;gl;l ve;jnthU

Ntiy my;yJ NritAk; gyte;j my;yJ fl;lha ciog;G vd ,e;jr; rkthaj;jpy;

tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. 18-45 tajpw;Fl;gl;l egu;fs; kl;LNk gyte;j my;yJ fl;lha

ciog;G tifg;gLj;jypd; fPo; Fwpf;fg;glyhk; vd;W ,e;jr; rkthak; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ

NkYk; Fwpj;j egu; kUj;Jt rhd;wpjo; uPjpahf gzpf;F jFjpahdtuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mrpupau;fs;> khztu;fs; MfpNahu; ,jpy; tpjptpyf;Ff;Fupatu;fs;.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 05 Vg;uy; 1950 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

7

gpuNahfpf;fg;glf; $ba cs;ehl;L rl;lq;fs;

,yq;ifapd; 1978 murpayikg;G> 2015 Mk; Mz;L tiuahd jpUj;jq;fSld;

jz;lidr; rl;lf; Nfhitapd; gpupTfs;

fil kw;Wk; mYtyf gzpahsu;fs; (Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; Cjpak; xOq;FgLj;jy;) -

rl;lk; (1954 ,d; ,y 19)

njhopw;rhiyfs; (xOq;FgLj;jy;) rl;lk; (2002 ,d; ,y 19)

Ntiyahl;fs; tpLKiw rl;lk; (1959 ,d; ,y 6)

rq;fk; mikg;gjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd cupikiag; ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghd rkthak;> vz; 87 (1948)

,e;jr; rkthak;> Kd; mq;fPfhukpd;wp jq;fSf;F tpUg;gkhd epWtdq;fspy; Nru njhopy;

toq;Fdu;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsu;fs; ,Utupd; cupikfs;> tpjpfs; kw;Wk; ahg;Gfis

cUthf;Ftjw;fhd mikg;Gfspd; cupikfs;> mjpfhupfSf;F thf;fspj;jy; kw;Wk; mur

mjpfhupfspd; FWf;fPL ,y;yhky; epu;thf nray;ghLfis xOq;fikj;jy; Mfpatw;iwf;

Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 15 nrg;lk;gu; 1995 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

8



njhopw;rq;f fl;lisr; rl;lk;> 1935

njhopw;Jiw Kuz;ghLfs; rl;lk;> 1950 kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs;

njhopw;Jiw Kuz;ghLfs; (tprhuizfs; kw;Wk; nray;Kiwfis jPu;khdpj;jy;) (tpNrl

gpupTfs;) rl;lk; (rl;l ,y 2003 ,d; 13)

kj;jpa];jk; rl;lk; (1995 ,d; ,y 11)

Ntiyahl;fspd; rigr; rl;lk;> 1979 (1979 ,d; ,y 32) kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs;

njhopw;rq;fq;fs; fl;lis (1935 ,d; ,y 14) kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs;

njhopw;rq;fq;fs; xOq;FgLj;jy;> 1935.

njhopw;rq;fq;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; (Njhl;lq;fSf;Fs; Eiojy;) rl;lk; (1970 ,d; ,y 25)

xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd cupikfs; kw;Wk; $l;lhf Nguk; NgRtjw;fhd rkthak;> ,y 98 (1949)

,e;jr; rkthak; njhopy; toq;Fdu;fspd; ve;jtpj jiyaPLkpd;wp RahjPdkhf

xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd njhopw;rq;f cWg;gpdu;fspd; cupikfis cWjp nra;fpwJ.

Ntiyahl;fs; njhopw;rq;fj;jpy; ,izjYf;F vjpuhd ghFghLfspypUe;Jk; Fwpg;ghf

njhopw;rq;fj;jpy; ,iza njhopy; toq;Fdu;fs; epge;jidfis tpjpj;jy;> gzpePf;Fjy;

my;yJ VNjDk; njhopw;rq;fj;jpy; ,iztJ gw;wp my;yJ njhopw;rq;f eltbf;iffspy;

<LgLjy; gw;wp jg;ggpg;gpuhak; nfhs;jypypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. "epjp my;yJ NtW VNjDk; topfspy;" njhopw;rq;fq;fspy; Ntiy

toq;Fdu;fs; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jtij ,J jLf;fpwJ.

$l;lhf Nguk; NgRtijg; nghWj;jtiu> $l;lhf Nguk; NgRtjd; %yk; Ntiytha;g;G

tpjpKiwfisAk; epge;jidfisAk; xOq;FgLj;j njhopyhsu; mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk;

njhopy; toq;Fdu; FOf;fspilNa jd;dhu;t Ngr;Rthu;j;ijf;F ,ae;jpuq;fspd; KO

tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; gad;ghl;il rl;lk; Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij rkthak; Ntz;LfpwJ.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 13 brk;gu; 1972 cy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

9


,yq;if [dehaf Fbaurpd; 1978 murpayikg;G> 2000 Mk; Mz;L tiuahd

jpUj;jq;fSld;


njhopw;Jiw Kuz;ghLfs; rl;lk;> 1950 kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs;

rk kjpg;Gila Ntiyf;F Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; njhopyhsu;fSf;F rk Cjpak; njhlu;ghd rk-thak; ,y 100 (1951)

,e;jr; rkthak; mq;fj;Jt ehLfs; rk kjpg;Gila Ntiyf;F Mz; kw;Wk; ngz;

njhopyhsu;fSf;F rk Cjpak; toq;Ftij cWjpg;gLj;j NfhUfpwJ. ,J Cjpaj;jpd;

msit ghy;epiy mbg;gilapy; ghFghbd;wp epu;zapg;gij Fwpf;fpwJ.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 1 Vg;uy; 1993 ,y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.


Cjpa rigfs; fl;lis 1941


rl;lk; (1954 ,d; ,y 19)

Ntiyahl;fSf;fhd Njrpa Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpa rl;lk; 2016

10

fl;lha Ntiyia ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; rkthak; > ,y 105 (1957)

mq;fj;Jt ehLfs;> murpay; tw;GWj;jy;> fy;tp my;yJ epWtg;gl;l xOq;if

vjpu;f;Fk; murpay; fUj;Jf;fs; my;yJ fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUj;jy; my;yJ

ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jz;lidahf ve;jnthU fl;lha ciog;igAk; gad;gLj;jf;

$lhJ vd;Wk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapd; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf> njhopyhsu; xOf;fj;jpd;

topKiwahf> NtiyepWj;jq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd jz;lidahfTk;> ,d> r%f> Njrpa

my;yJ kj ghFghl;bd; topKiwahfTk; ciog;igj; jpul;Ltjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jf;

$lhJ vd ,e;j khehL $WfpwJ.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 07 [dtup 2003 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.



jz;lidf;Nfhit> 1885 kw;Wk; mjd; mbikj;Jtj;ij xopj;jy; fl;lisfs; jpUj;jq;fs;

(1844 ,d; ,y 20)

,yq;ifapd; Njrpa Fbngau;jy; nfhs;if

njhopy; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;ig kjpg;gjpy; ghF-ghL njhlu;ghd rkthak;> ,y 111 (1958)

,dk; my;yJ epwk;> ghypdk;> kjk;> murpay; mgpg;gpuhak;> Ntiytha;g;gpy; Njrpa my;yJ

r%f Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; rk tha;g;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rl;lq;fis uj;Jr;

nra;jy; cs;spl;l ve;jnthU mbg;gilapYk; midj;J ghFghLfisAk; tpyf;ifAk;

jilnra;Ak; rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;w cWg;G ehLfis ,e;j khehL NfhUfpwJ.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 27 etk;gu; 1998 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

11


murpayikg;gpd; (1978) cWg;Giufs; 12> 12(2)

kfg;NgW ed;ikfs; fl;lisfs;> 1939


rl;lk; (1954 ,d; ,y 19)

nghJ epu;thf Rw;WepUgk; 1988 ,d; ,y 3

r%f ghJfhg;G rig rl;lk; 1996

Njrpa Rfhjhu nfhs;if 1996

jz;lidr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs; 1995

ngz;fs;> ,isQu;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; Ntiytha;g;G rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fs;

kfspu; rhrdk; (1993)

12

Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ njhlu;ghd rkthak;> ,y 138 (1973)

rpWtu;fis njhopYf;F mku;j;Jtij ,y;yhnjhopg;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhf

tbtikf;fg;gl;l xU Njrpaf; nfhs;ifiaj; njhluTk;> ,s tajpdupd; cly; kw;Wk;

kd tsu;r;rpf;F Vw;w mstpw;F Ntiytha;g;G ngw my;yJ Ntiyapy; ,iztjw;fhd

Fiwe;jgl;r taij cau;j;JkhW cWg;G ehLfis typAWj;Jtij ,e;j rkthak;

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJld; fl;lha ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; Fiwe;jgl;r

taij tpl Fiwthf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;Wk; ve;jnthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; 15 taJf;F

FiwahJ vd;Wk; ,e;j rkthak; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 11 ngg;utup 2000 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.


ngz;fs;> ,isQu;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; Ntiytha;g;G rl;lk; (1956 Mk; Mz;bd; 47

tJ ,y)

njhopw;rhiyfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; (1942 Mk; Mz;bd; 45 MtJ ,y)

Copau; Nrkyhg epjp rl;lk; (1958 Mk; Mz;bd; 15 MtJ ,y)


rk;gs rig fl;lis rl;lk; (1941 ,d; 27 Mk; ,y)


rl;lk; (1954 ,d; ,y 19)

13

Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu;fspd; Nkhrkhd tbtq;fis mfw;Wtjw;fhd cldb eltbf;if kw;Wk; jiltpjpj;jy; njhlu;ghd rkthak;> ,y 182 (1999)

,e;jr; rkthak; 18 taJf;Ff; fPo;g;gl;ltu;fis rpWtu;fshf tiuaWf;fpwJ. mj;Jld;

mq;fj;Jt ehLfs; Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu;fspd; Nkhrkhd tbtq;fis mfw;Wtjw;Fk;

jiltpjpg;gjw;Fk; cldb eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd $WfpwJ.

,e;jr; rkthak; gpd;tUtdtw;iw Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu;fspd; Nkhrkhd tbtq;fshf

Fwpf;fpwJ.

Foe;ijfspd; tpw;gid kw;Wk; flj;jy;> fld; mbikj;jdk; kw;Wk; gyte;j

my;yJ fl;lha ciog;G Nghd;w mbikj;jdj;jpw;F xj;j midj;J tifahd

mbikj;jdk; my;yJ eilKiwfs;> MAj Nkhjypy; gad;gLj;j Foe;ijfis

gyte;jkhf my;yJ fl;lhakhf Ml;Nru;g;G nra;tJ

rpWtu;fis tpgrhuj;Jf;F gad;gLj;jy;> Mghrk; my;yJ Mghr epfo;r;rpfSf;F

gad;gLj;jy;

rl;ltpNuhj eltbf;iffSf;F rpWtu;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> Fwpg;ghf njhlu;Gila

ru;tNjr xg;ge;jq;fspy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sgb Nghij kUe;J cw;gj;jp kw;Wk;

flj;jy;

mjd; ,ay;G my;yJ mJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; R+o;epiyfshy;> rpWtu;fspd;

cly;eyk;> ghJfhg;G my;yJ xOf;fj;jpw;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; Ntiy

,e;j I.vy;.X. rkthak; ,yq;ifapdhy; 1 khu;r; 2001 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

14

njhlu;Gila cs;ehl;L rl;lq;fs;

ngz;fs;> ,isQu;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; Ntiytha;g;G rl;lk; 1956

fil kw;Wk; mYtyf gzpahsu;fs; (Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; Cjpak; xOq;FgLj;jy;)

- rl;lk; (1954 ,d; ,y 19)

mghafukhd njhopy; tpjpKiwfs; 2010

15

Photo credits: Valerii Iavtushenko / Shutterstock.com / maatram.org

1 https://www.un.org/ldcportal/new-european-union-report-on-the-effects-of-its-trade-schemes-on-promoting-development/

2 http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2019/may/tradoc_157889.pdf

3 http://www.dailynews.lk/2018/08/20/business/160103/sl-suffers-rs-150-250-bn-loss-due-gsp-withdrawal

4 Sri Lanka’s debt-ridden independence, www.ft.lk/dinesh-weerakkody/Sri-Lanka-s-debt--ridden-independence/5-672066

5 http://www.ft.lk/opinion/GSP-Plus-impact/14-661186

6 ibid

REFERENCES

,e;j gjpg;G N[Hkdp Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) mYtyfj;jpd;

cjtpAld; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j gjpg;gpy; cs;s cs;slf;fq;fs; ahTk; Democracy Reporting International,d; VfTupik nfhz;ljhFk;. ,t; cs;slf;fq;fs; N[Hkdp Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) mYtyfj;jpd; vz;zq;fis gpujpgypg;gjhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;glf;

$lhJ.

16

gw;wp

Democracy Reporting International (DRI) vd;gJ gf;fr; rhHgw;w>

RahjPdkhd> ,yhg Nehf;fj;jpw;F mw;w n[Hkdpapd;> ngHypdpy; gjpT

nra;ag;gl;l epWtdkhFk;. gpui[fspd; murpay; gq;Fgw;wy;> mur

mq;fq;fspd; nghWg;Gilik> kw;Wk; tpNrlkhf [dehaf epiykhw;wj;ij

vjpHnfhz;bUf;Fk; ehLfspy; [dehaf epWtdq;fspd; mgptpUj;jp

vd;gtw;iw Kd;dpWj;jp DRI nraw;gLfpd;wJ. GSP+ njhlHgpy; ftdk;

nrYj;Jk; ntFrpy rHtNjr nraw;ghl;lsHfspy; xd;whf DRI cs;sJ.

Fwpg;ghf> kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; [dehaf jpUj;jj;jpw;F Mjutspg;gjw;F

mjd; epge;jidfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. GSP+ jpl;l Cf;Ftpg;gpd; Clhf

gue;jsT gq;FjhuH gq;Fgw;wiy cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapy;

[dehaf xUq;fpizg;gpidAk;> KOikahd rHtNjr mDgtj;ij kw;Wk;

,e;j jpUj;j nraw;ghL Fwpj;J mwptpg;gjw;Fk; vd ,uz;bw;Fk; ,e;j

nraw;wpl;lk; ,yf;F itj;Js;sJ.

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