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tuT nryTj; jpl;l ciu - 2016

mwpKfk;

1. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; 20 MtJ epjp

mikr;rh; vd;w tifapy; 2016 Mk; Mz;bd; tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpid Kd;

itg;gjw;Ff; fpilj;jikahdJ vdf;Ff; fpilj;j nfsutk; khj;jpuky;yhky; ngUk;

ghf;fpakhfTk; fUJfpd;Nwd;. mjp NkjF [dhjpgjp ikj;jphpghy rpwpNrd

mth;fspdJk;> nfsut gpujkh; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f mth;fspdJk; jdpj;Jtkhd

jiyikj;JtKk; kw;Wk; topfhl;lYk;> midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ntw;wpapidf;

fhzf;$ba tuT nryTj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Kd; itg;gjw;F top tFj;Js;sJ. ehd;

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak;; xUkpj;j xw;Wikahd Njrpa murhq;fj;jpy; ,yq;if

Rje;jpuk; mile;jjd; gpd;dUs;s fhyg;gFjpapy; mikjpahd R+o;epiyapy; ,lk;

ngw;w Njh;jypd; xj;Jiog;GlNd xUkpj;j xw;Wikahd Njrpa murhq;fnkhd;wpw;F

toptFj;jikapdhy;> 2016 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd ,t;tuT nryTj;jpl;lkhdJ> ,yq;if

tuyhw;wpy; kpfTk; tpN~lkhd xU mwpf;ifahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. NkYk;> 2016 Mk;

Mz;bw;fhd,t;tuT nryTj;jpl;lkhdJ>rfy ,yq;ifaUf;Fk; Gjpa nghUshjhu>

kw;Wk; r%f xOq;Ffis cUthf;ff;$baJ.

2. “E}W ehl;fspd; Gul;rp” vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l 2015 [dthp khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp

Kd; itf;fg;gl;l tuT nryTj; jpl;lg; gpNuuizfs;> rpukq;fSf;Fk;>

,ilA+WfSf;Fk; Kfq;nfhLj;j ngUk;ghyhd ,yq;if kf;fspd; nghUshjhur;

Rje;jpuj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F toptFj;Js;sJ. vd;dhy; Kd;dh; Kd;

itf;fg;gl;l mt;tpilf;fhy tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; toq;fpa rYiffs;

kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; njhlh;ghf ehd; tpsf;fkspg;gjw;F tpUk;ghjNjhL> vjph;tUk;

Mz;bw;F tpNtfKs;sJk;> xj;jpirthdJkhd nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffis

cgNahfpg;gjd; %yk; ehl;L kf;fspd; ed;ik fUjp NkYk; rYiffis

toq;Ftjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.

3. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs>nfsut ikj;jpupghy rpwpNrd mth;fis ,yq;ifapd;

rdhjpgjpahf;Ftjw;fhf rfyUk; xd;wpize;J mth;fsJ rdehaf chpikfis

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jkJ cWjpahd jPh;khdj;jpid toq;fpa ,yq;if

kf;fSf;F ehd; jiy tzq;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhf cs;sNjhL> fle;j Ml;rpf;

fhyj;jpy;> Jd;gq;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;j kf;fSf;F eyd;fis Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhLg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf nghUshjhu nrhy;yhl;rpfspd; njhlh;r;rpahd miyfspd;

%yNk vkJ fhJfs; epug;gg;gl;likapid vk;khy; epidT $uf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs>vkJ Njrj;jpd; 2>500 Mz;LfSf;F Nkw;gl;l

fyhr;rhu> Njrpa ghuk;ghpa chpikfSf;fhd jpUg;GKidahf 2015 [dthp 8 Mk;

jpfjp ,lk; ngw;w Njh;jiyf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. 2015 Mf];l; khjj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;w

kw;WnkhU mt;thwhd rdehaf nghJj; Njh;jy; xd;wpd; %yk; kPz;Lk; mt;tuj;jpid

xg;Gtpg;gjd; %yk; ,yq;if kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;gpid ikakhff; nfhz;l Njrpa

murhq;fnkhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd tha;g;nghd;wpid toq;fpAs;sdh;. nfsut

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udpy; tpf;fukrpq;f mth;fspd; fUj;njhUkpj;j murpay;> khw;wkilahj nfhs;if

xd;wpw;fhd mh;g;gzpg;G Mfpadtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l

jiykj;Jtj;jpd; ,af;ftpay;; %yk; ,yq;if kf;fSf;F njhlh;r;rpahd rdehaf

ntw;wpfis miltjw;F toptFj;jJ.

4. fle;j gj;Jkhj fhy FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy;> ,yq;ifapd; r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk;

murpay; Jiwfspy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l khw;wq;fisf; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU tplakhff;

Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. kpf Nkhrkhd “Nghyp Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; Nfe;jpuq;fs;” kPz;Lk;

cUthf;fg;glhjthW cilj;njwpag;gl;Ls;sNjhL> gaq;fukhd “nts;is thd;

KiwikAk;” mopj;njhopf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL> mUtUg;ghd FLk;g thjk; mbNahL

vLj;njwpag;gl;lJ. ,d;W> ,yq;ifapd; ruhrhp kf;fs; fth;r;rpfukhd nghUshjhu

ed;ikfspypUe;J gad;fis mDgtpg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk; Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhLf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ khj;jpuky;yhky; fle;j Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; fdnthd;whff;

fhzg;gl;l rdehaf Rje;jpuj;jpidAk; mDgtpg;gjid ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;

mkh;e;Js;s rfyUf;Fk; njhpe;j cz;ikahFk;. mur eph;thf Nehf;fpy;> fle;j gj;J

khj fhyg; gFjpahdJ flg;gjw;F kpfTk; fbdkhd xU fhy fl;lkhf tpsq;fpaJ.

neUf;fbf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhuk;> mjpf msptyhd ghugl;rq;fs; kw;Wk;

ehl;bd; rpWghd;ik mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;l murpay; Ml;rpnahd;wpw;Fs; ehk; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ntw;wpAk;> kw;Wk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f iky;fw;fSk; Gjpa

,yq;ifnahd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F topje;Js;sJ.

5. vf;ld; gpuG mth;fspd; gpugy;ak; tha;e;jJk;> fth;r;rpfukhdJkhd trdq;fshd

“mjpfhuk;Coy; epiwe;jjhFk;. KOikahdmjpfhuk;Coiy Kw;WKOjhf;fp

tpLfpd;wJ” vd;gij gpujpgypf;Fk; xU Ml;rpapd; J~;gpuNahfq;fs; thiog;go

Fbauir ,yq;ifapy; cUthf;fpapUe;jJld; mt;thl;rpf; fhyj;jpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lj;jpy;

,yq;ifgy el;G ehLfspdhy; xJf;fg;gLk; xU epiyikf;F js;sg;gl;lJ.

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;> xU Njrj;jth; vd;w hPjpapy; ehk; vkJ nfsutj;jpid

,oe;Js;sNjhL> gy;NtW ehLfshy; toq;fg;gl;l [Pv];gP (GSP+) trjpaspg;gpd; fPohd rYiffs; KbTWj;jg;gl;lik> INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpw;fhd kPd;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs;

jil nra;ag;gly; Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; Kfq; nfhLf;f Nehpl;lJ.

fle;j rpy khj fhyq;fshf ehk; tp[ak; nra;j ehLfspy; vkf;Ff; fpilj;j

tuNtw;ghdJ kpfTk; rhjfkhf mike;jNjhL> mit vk;khy; kPz;Lk; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l

rpwe;j rdehaf gpd;dzpapd; fhuzkhfNt fpilf;fg; ngw;wd.

6. 2015 [dthp khjj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ vd;dntd;why;> xU neUf;fbf;F mz;kpa

kuGhpikahFk;. ,e;neUf;fbahdJ> nghUshjhunkhd;Wf;F khj;jpuky;yhky; ntspehl;L

mYty;fs;> eyd;Ghp tplaq;fs;> ey;yhl;rp> rl;lKk; MizAk; njhlh;ghd nfhs;ifg;

gpur;rpidfisAk; Nehf;fp tphpthf;fg;gl;lNjhL> ,e;epiyikahdJ njhlh;e;J

fhzg;gLkhapd; me;epiyikahdJ ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk;> vjph;fhyg; guk;giuf;Fk;>

ghjfkhd tpisTfisf; nfhz;L te;jpUf;ff; $Lk;. ehk; kpFe;j jpwikAld;

neUf;fbahd epiyikf;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sNjhL> ,dp NkYk;> mt;thwhd

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rthy;fSf;F ijhpaj;JlDk;> jd;dk;gpf;ifAlDk; Kfq;nfhLf;f KbAk; vd;gJ

vdJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> “E}W ehl;fspd; Gul;rpahdJ” vkJ eilghijapy; vjph;kiwahd epiyikfis rhjfkhd epiyikf;F khw;WtJk;

neUf;fbahd epiyikia epth;j;jp nra;Ak; KiwikiaAk; rpj;jhpf;fpd;wJ.

7. fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhuf; nfhs;;iffs; mbg;gilapy; Njhy;tpaile;jjhfNt

fhzg;gl;lJ. jhq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbahj fld; Riknahd;iw ,g;nghUshjhuk;

nfhz;bUe;jpUe;jJ. murpiw tUkhdk; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; tPjkhf 1990

Mk; Mz;bd; murpiw tUkhdj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;> miug;gq;if tpl

tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. NkYk;>cw;gj;jpj; jpwdw;w KjyPLfs; murhq;f epjpf;

fl;likg;gpid gytPdg;gLj;jpAs;sJld;> tpidj; jpwdw;w muRilik

njhopy;Kaw;rpfSlDk;> kw;Wk; Coy; epiwe;j ngWifr; nrad;Kiwfs;> Kiwaw;w

ntspehl;Lf; fld; ngWiffs;> xg;ge;jq;fspd; toq;fy;fs; Nghd;wd ey;yhl;rpf;Fk;>

ntspg;gilj; jd;ikf;Fk; Nfypf; $j;jhf mike;Js;sJ. xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhuk;

jtwhf topelhj;jg;gLk; NghJk;> jtwhd Kiwapy; ifahsg;gLk; NghJk;> me;ehl;bd;

vjph;fhyk; mghafukhd Mgj;Jf;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f NehpLtNjhL> fle;j Ml;rpf;

fhyj;jpd; Nghjhd nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifAk; mt;thwhd

gaq;fukhd tyankhd;Wf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jpUe;jJ.

8. ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;iffs; FiwghLfisf; nfhz;L fhzg;gl;lNjhL>

ehk; fLk; nghUshjhuj; jilfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;ba epiyikf;Fk; cs;shf

Ntz;bapUe;jJld; Kd;dh; vkf;F Mjutspj;j ehLfs; $l tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

cjtpfis toq;fNt Kide;jikapdhy;> ehk; vkJ nghUshjhur; nraw;ghLfisj;

jdpahfNt Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba epiyik Vw;gl;lJ. murhq;f nfhs;ifahdJ

tPz;tpuak; kw;Wk; Coy; vd;gd Kd;G mwpe;jpUf;fg;glhj kl;lq;fis vl;lf;$bathw

mghafukhd tpisTfis jUtdthf ,Ue;jJld; vjph;kiwahd nrad;Kiwfs;

ngUk;ghYk; rl;lj;Jf;F Kuzhd gpd;dzpnahd;wpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

tWikia xopg;gjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; murpay; hPjpahf Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;lNjhL>

me;ed;ikfs; tWikapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j kf;fisr; nrd;wilatpy;iy. ehl;bd;

rl;lKk;> rkhjhdKk; Nfhj;jpu Afnkhd;wpw;;F khw;wg;gl;L te;jNjhL> ,e;ehL

gbg;gbahf epyg;gpuGj;Jt Kiwikf;Fk; khw;wkile;J te;jJ. ,uh[gf;~

eph;thfkhdJ ,yq;ifapy; epytpa neUf;fb kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpid xopg;gjw;F

mh;g;gzpj;jpUe;jJ. mtu;fs; gilapdupd; cjtpAld; jha;ehl;bid gaq;futhj

gaj;jpypUe;J tpLtpg;gjpy; ntw;wp ngw;wpUe;jikf;fhf mtu;fis ehk; ghuhl;bahf

Ntz;Lk;. vt;thwhapDk; ,j;jifa epiyikfis Kw;WKOjhf khw;wpaikj;j

fhuzpiaAk; ehk; kwe;J tplf;$lhJ. 2001 ,d; ,Wjpg; gFjpahdJ ,yq;iff;F

vjph;kiwahd nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp> Aj;jr; r+oy;> kw;Wk; nghUshjhu

Nfe;jpu];jhdq;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs; fhuzkhf kpf neUf;fbahd xU fhy

fl;lkhfNt tpsq;fpaJ. Ml;rpf;F te;j gpujkh; nfsut uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f mth;fs;

cs;slf;fpa murhq;fj;jpdJ ,iaghd nfhs;iffs; fhuzkhf Nkw;gb nghUshjhu

rupT jLj;J epWj;jg;gl;lJld;nghUshjhuk; tsh;r;rpia Nehf;fp vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ

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khj;jpuky;yhky; Kg;gilapdhpdJk;> kw;Wk; nghyP]hhpdJk; Aj;j eltbf;iffSf;F

mtrpakhd Aj;j cgfuzq;fs;> MAjq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW tifahd uitfspd;

NjitfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;af; $bajhf ,Ue;jikahdJ> mth;fsJ ijhpaj;jpw;F

kWkyh;r;rpaspg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ. ehk; “vjpu;g;gpid vjpu;g;gpd; %yk; xopf;f KbahJ>

khwhf fUizapd; %yNk xopf;f KbAk;” vDk;; nfsut N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fs;;

nrd; gpuhd;rp];Nfh efuj;jpy; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;ba jk;k gjj;jpypUe;jhd trdq;fis

epidT $wy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thh;j;ijfs; vkf;F vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhdjhfNt

cs;sJ. gaq;futhjj;jpid xopj;jhYk; $l> ,yq;ifapd; rfy kf;fspdJk;

,jaq;fisAk; cs;sq;fisAk;; mth;fshy; ntw;wp nfhs;s Kbahky; Nghapw;W.

vkJ murpd; Nehf;fk; vkJ fhyQ;nrd;w jiyth; $wpaJ Nghy fUizia

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L epge;jidfs; mw;wthW rfy kf;fspdJk; cs;sq;fis

ntw;wpg; ngWtjhFk;.

9. ehk; rdehafj;ij khj;jpuk; epiyg;ngw nra;ahJ> gak; kw;Wk; mePjp mw;w

Rje;jpuj;jpd; Gjpa ghpkhznkhd;iwAk; nfhz;L te;Js;Nshk;. nfhs;iffisAk;

kWrPuikj;Js;Nshk;. murpay; mikg;gpd; 17 MtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J

ePf;fg;gl;l gpujhd Vw;ghLfs; 19 MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; kPsf; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.

mjd; gpufhuk;> murpayikg;Gr; rigfs; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL> RahjPd Mizf;

FOf;fSk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;ifapd; rfy r%fq;fSk; czuf; $ba

tifapy; “ey;yhl;rp” ,d; ed;ikfis nghJkf;fSf;Ff; fpilf;fg; ngwr;nra;tNj

vkJ Fwpf;NfhSk;> vjph;ghh;f;ifAkhf cs;sNjhL> mjid mt;thNw

epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk; cWjp g+z;Ls;Nshk;.

10. NkYk; thdtpy; Nghd;W gpufhrpf;ff; $ba nghUshjuhur;; nropg;Gs;s

mgptpUj;jpaile;j xU ehlhf vkJ ehl;il khw;wpaikg;gNj vkJ fdthFk;. vkJ

Njrk; rhjfkhdJk;> kpf cah;thdJkhd kfpo;r;rpr; Rl;nlz;izf; nfhz;bUj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. vkJ Njrk; ew;Fzj;ijAk;> ey;nyz;zj;ijAk;; Vw;gLj;Jtjd;; %yk;

nropg;ghd xU ehlhf kpspu Ntz;Lk;. vkJ vjph; fhyr; re;jjpapdh;

mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspd; tpisTfis mDgtpf;ff; $ba tifapy;> ehk; nghUshjhur;

Rje;jpunkhd;wpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gJ vkJ nghWg;ghFk;. Nky;; eLj;ju tUkhdg;

nghUshjhunkhd;wpid Nehf;fp khw;wkiltjw;fhd Fwpf;Nfhs;fSld; FWfpa>

eLj;ju> kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy cghaq;fis ikakhff; nfhz;L fl;likf;fg;gl;l

mgptpUj;jpr; rthy;fis fUj;jpw; nfhz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l ,yf;FfisAk;>

Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk; miltNj vkJ vjph;ghh;g;ghFk;. ehk; xU rpy NfhB];tuu;fSf;F

khj;jpuk; jsj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjid Nehf;fkhff; nfhs;stpy;iy. kpy;ypad;

NfhB];tuh;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd topia Vw;gLj;JtNj vkJ Nehf;fkhFk;.

11. ,e;epiyikapd; fPo;> nfsut gpujk mikr;rhpdhy; 2015 etk;gh; khjk; 05 Mk; jpfjp

,r;rigapy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l nfhs;iff; $w;W 2016 Mk; mz;bw;fhd tuT

nryTj;jpl;lj;jpw;F mbj;jskhf mike;jJ. mjd; %yk; gpd;tUk; ,ilf;fhy

cghaq;fs; Kd; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

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m) xU kpy;ypad; Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy;.

M) tUkhd kl;lq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

,) fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;.

<) fpuhkpa kw;Wk; Njhl;lj; JiwfspYk;> eLj;ju tFg;igr; rhh;e;jth;fspdJk;

kw;Wk; murhq;f Copah;fspdJk; Mjd chpikia cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

c) gue;j kw;Wk; cWjp tha;e;j eLj;ju tFg;gpdiu cUthf;Fjy;.

12. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,f;nfhs;iff; $w;whdJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xd;whf

tpsq;FtNjhL> ,t;tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd mbg;gilahfTk; mike;Js;sJ.

,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ePz;l fhy rhjfkhd ngWNgWfisf; nfhz;L tuf;;

$ba Njrpa uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tphpthd nfhs;iffisAk;

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. nghUshjhu kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis miltjw;fhd

rhpahd nghUshjhu mbj;jsnkhd;wpd; Njitapid ,jd; %yk; njspthff;

fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. mt;thwhd cWjpahd mbj;jsnkhd;wpd; Clhf khj;jpuNk

Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;FfisAk;> Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk; milaf; $bajhf cs;sJ. vdNt

jhd;> ntw;wpfukhd Kd;Nehf;fpa gaznkhd;wpid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l nghUshjhu

,yf;nfhd;Wf;F gpujhd NtWghLfis Nkw;nfhs;;tjhdJ> ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;

vd;gJ ,g;nghUshjhuf; $w;wpd; %yk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;lf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

13. vdNt> vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifahdJ> re;ijfspy; Rje;jpukhfr;

nraw;gLtjw;fhd jilfis ePf;Ftjid ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nfhs;iff;

$w;wpd; rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; ,f;$w;wpy; gpujhd ,lj;ijg; ngWfpd;wd. Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s

rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; jdpahh; Jiwapd; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffSf;F Mjutspg;gJ

khj;jpuky;yhJ KOikahd nghUshjhur; nrad;Kiwapy; mth;fspd; gq;ifAk;

cWjpg;gLj;JtjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

14. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l ,f;nfhs;ifahdJ rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; Clhf tpN~lkhf gy

Mz;Lfshf topfhl;lypd;wp xJf;fg;gl;bUe;j muRlik njhopy;Kaw;;rpfs; kw;Wk;

rh;tNjr th;j;jfk; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspd; kPJ tpN~l ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

,yq;ifapd; th;j;jfr; r%fj;jpd; kPJ Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j

fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l kuG KiwfspypUe;J ntspNa tUtjw;Fk;

,r;rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. nghUshjhu

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; vjph;T $w Kbahj xOq;fw;w nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffSk;>

xOq;fw;w eilKiwfSk; Kd;ida ,uh[gf;~ Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpapy;

fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jNjhL> Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s rPh;jpUj;jq;fSk;> xOq;fhd

nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffSk; vkJ murhq;fj;jpid mt;thwhd vjph;kiwahd

nrad;KiwfspypUe;J efu;tjw;F cjtpd.

15. ,t;thwhd rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; Clhf cs;ehl;Lg; Nghl;bj; jd;ik> rh;tNjr th;j;jfk;>

KjyPLfs;> jpwd;fs; kw;Wk; vkJ ehl;L kf;fspd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;tjd; %yk; rh;tNjr nghUshjhuj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpfs; njhlh;ghf ftdk;

6  

nrYj;jg;gLk;. NkYk;> vkJ mwpit ikakhff; nfhz;l r%f re;ijg;

nghUshjhukhdJ r%f ePjpf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; kPJ eph;khzpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

16. nghUshjhuj; Jiwapy; khj;jpukd;wp murpay;> r%f> fy;tp> kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; Nghd;w

Vida gy JiwfisAk;> gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nghwpKiwnahd;wpid

];jhgpg;gJTk; vkJ jpl;lkhFk;. vdNt jhd; nfsut gpujkh; mth;fshy;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; ,t;tplaq;fs; midj;Jk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

17. Rje;jpuj;jpypUe;J mike;jpUe;j Ml;rp mjpfhuq;fshy; filgpbf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhu

nfhs;iffspid kPsha;T nra;tJ MNuhf;fpakhdjhf mikayhk;. rkfhy

epiyikfSf;F toptFj;j Neu;f;fzpa kw;Wk; vjpu;f;fzpa mk;rq;fis Gs;sptpgu

mbg;gilapy; ntspg;gLj;JtNj nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

18. ehq;fs; vkJ ehl;bd; gpujhd Kaw;rpahz;ikahd tptrhaj;ij ikakhf; nfhz;Nl

njhlh;r;rpahf eltbf;iffis vLf;fTs;Nshk;. vkJ nghUshjhuk; fhyk; fhykhf

tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ. ehk; MrPh;thjk; ngw;w xU

Njrj;jpduhf cs;Nshk;. Nkd;ikjq;fpa rdhjpgjp ikj;jphpghy rpwpNrd mth;fspd;

tptrha Jiw kPjhd Gjpa mZFKiwahdJ ,yq;if czTg;; ghJfhg;giltJ

khj;jpuky;yhky; tptrha cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis Vw;Wkjpia ehbAk; vLj;Jr;

nry;fpd;wJ. mg;NghJ vkf;F ,yq;ifia tuyhw;wpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s gb “fpof;fpd;

jhdpaf; fsQ;rpak;” vd miof;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. vkJ mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp

mth;fspd; njhlh;r;rpahd mh;g;gzpg;ghdJ ,yq;ifapd; tptrhag; nghUshjhuj;jpy;

,yhgq;fis mDgtpg;gjw;F toptFf;Fk;.

2016 tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzp

19. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,t;tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpid Kd;

itg;gjw;Fmbg;gilahf mike;j gy tplaq;fs; kPJ cq;fs; ftdj;ij<u;f;f

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. 1948 Mk; Mz;by; Rje;jpuk; mile;jjpypUe;J ,d;W tiu

Kjyhspj;Jtthj> Nrhrypr thj eyd;Ghp nghUshjhug; Nghf;Ffis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd;; Clhf ehk; khwp khwp

gazk; nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;;.

Rje;jpuk; mile;jjpypUe;J 1977 Mk; Mz;L tiu

20. 1948 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;if gphpj;jhdpah;fsplkpUe;J Rje;jpuj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;likahdJ xU kpUJthd khw;wkhf fhzg;gl;lJ vd;gij tpsf;Ftkhf

,Ue;jhy; vkJ nghpa tuyhw;Wg; Nguhrphpah;fSs; xUtuhd Nf.vk;. B. rpy;th

mth;fs; vkJ ehl;il “cWjpg;ghL> rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; mikjpf;fhd xU G+Q;Nrhiy” vd;W th;zpf;FksTf;F vkJ ehL mikjpahd xU ehlhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. MapDk;>

,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh;> Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhfg; Nghuhba mt;thwhd Vida

gy ehLfspd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd Nghuhl;lkhdJ td;Kiw mopTfs; epiwe;jitahfNt

mike;jpUe;jd.

7  

21. ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tuyhw;wpy;> jw;Nghija xd;wpize;j Njrpa murhq;fj;jpw;F

Kd;dh; ,t;thW cUthf;fg;gl;l xd;wpize;j xNu Njrpa murhq;fk; vkJ

Njrj;jpd; je;ij fhyk;nrd;w nfsut B.v];. Nrdhehaf;fh mth;fshy; rpq;fs kfh

rgh kw;Wk; jkpo; fhq;fpu]pd; MjuTld; xd;wpize;J cUthf;fg;gl;l Njrpa

murhq;fj;jpidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mf;fhyj;jpy;;> ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ> r%f

re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l xU tptrhag; nghUshjhukhf

fhzg;gl;lNjhL> Njapiy> ,wg;gh;> kw;Wk; njd;id Mfpad gpujhd cw;gj;jpg;

nghUl;fshfTk;> kw;Wk; gpujhd Vw;WkjpfshfTk; tpsq;fpd. ,ul;ilg; nghUshjhu

KiwikahdJ mf;fhyj;jpy; ehl;L kf;fspd; Njitg;ghLfis Nghjpa mstpy;

g+h;j;jp nra;af; $ba mstpy; czTg; gaph;fisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; <Lgl;lJ.;;

mf;fhy fl;lj;jpd; gpujhd nghUshjhur; Rl;bfshf 120 If;fpa mnkhpf;f

nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;j jyh tUkhdj;jpidAk;> xU gpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f

nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;j nghUshjhuj;jpidAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;lf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

22. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpd; NghJ nghUshjhu xOq;F tpjpfs; kpff; Fiwthf ,Ue;jNjhL>

me;epiyikahdJ> jpwe;j xU re;ijg; nghUshjhuk; cUththjw;F toptFj;jhYk;>

rh;tNjr th;j;jfj;jpw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j kl;lq;fspyhd

Vw;WkjpfSk;> eyd;Ghpj; jpl;lq;fs; kPjhd njhlh;r;rpahd <LghLk; mtw;wpd; jhq;fpf;

nfhs;s Kbahj nrytPdKk; vkJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpidNkhrkhd Kiwapy;

ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shf;fpAs;sJ. murpaypdhy; ce;jg;gl;l eyd;Ghpj; jpl;lq;fs; nghUshjhu

RgPl;r milTfis vjpu;kiwahd Kiwapy; ghjpj;Js;sNjhL> Njrpathj

gpur;rpidfs; gy;NtW tsq;fSk; jpl;lkplg;glhJ Njrpakakhf;fg;gLtjw;F

toptFj;Js;sJ> nghUshjhuf; nfhe;jspg;Gf;fisAk; ngUfr; nra;jpUe;jJ.

23. vOgjhk; Mz;Lfspd; Muk;gk; %lg;gl;l> fl;Lg;ghLfSldhd> gq;fPl;Lg;

nghUshjhunkhd;wpidj;; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. mt;thwhd nghUl;fSf;fhd jilfs;

epytpa fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;fs; mjid epidT $Uk; NghJ mjid “muprpj;

jilf;fhyk;” (vLj;Jr; nry;yf; $ba mhprpapd; msT tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jik)

“ghz; tupir” (ghzhdJ gq;fPl;Lf;F cl;gl;bUe;jNjhL> ml;ilfspd; %yk;

toq;fg;gl;lik)> vd;Nw epidT $Wtu;. mJ khj;jpuky;yhky;> Jzpfs; kw;Wk;

Vida mbg;gilj; NjitfSk; gq;fPl;L tiuaiwf;;Fs; ikag;gLj;jg;gl;L

,Ue;jikapdhy; kf;fs; nghUshjhur; Rje;jpuj;jpid miltjpy; rpukk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

mf;fhyg;gFjpahdJ gy;NtW Efh;Tg; nghUl;fis efh;j;Jtjpy; jilfs; epuk;gpa

xU fhykhff; fhzg;gl;lNjhL> fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l me;j AfkhdJ> 1997 Mk; Mz;by;

,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryp]f; Fbaurpd; KjyhtJ epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjpahd

fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fs;pd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo; “jpwe;j

nghUshjhuf; Nfhl;ghLfis” mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rPh;j;jpUj;jq;fis cs;slf;fpa

fhyg;gFjpAld; epiwT ngw;wJ.

24. 1977 Mz;lstpy; vkJ nghUshjhukhdJ 4.1 gpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyh;fisAk; 294

I.m. nlhyh; jyhtUkhdj;ijAk; nfhz;l xU rpW nghUshjhukhFk;. ,e;j Kg;gJ

8  

tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; jyh tUkhdJ ntWkNd 174 I.m. nlhyh; mjpfhpg;igf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ.

1977: Gjpa rpe;jid

25. 1977 Mk; Mz;by; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd; ngUk; ntw;wpAld; 1977 Mk; Mz;lhdJ

nfhs;ifg; Gul;rpnahd;wpw;F toptFj;jNjhL> ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ>

ngUk;ghYk; xNu ,utpNyNa jpwe;J tplg;gl;lNjhL> mt;thwhd xU Gul;rpia

Nkw;nfhz;l xNu xU Mrpa ehlhfTk; ,yq;if tpsq;fpaJ. fl;Lg;ghLfsw;w jpwe;J

tplg;gl;l nghUshjhu Nehf;fhdJ> ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;F cw;gj;jpj; jpwd;

tha;e;j fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;fhd tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jNjhL>

mf;fhyj;jpy; epytpa Nrhryp] tiuaiwfis ePf;fp ,yq;if cs;Nehf;fpa

nghUshjhu KiwikapypUe;JtpLgl;L cah;e;j mstpyhd nghUshjhu

tsh;r;rpnahd;wpid Nehf;fp efu;e;jJ.

26. ,wf;Fkjpf; fl;Lg;ghLfisf; Fiwj;jy;> fld; re;ijfis tpLtpj;jy;>

xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l nryhtzp tpfpj Kiwikfspd; mwpKfk;> mur epWtdq;fspdhy;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s tu;j;jf jdpAupikfis ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;> tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;L

Kiwikfis ePf;Fjy;;> kw;Wk; muRlik njhopy; Kaw;rpfis jdpahh;kag;gLj;jy;

Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;ditfNs ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jPtpukhd

rPh;jpUj;jq;fshFk;. ,g;nghUshjhu rPh;jpUj;jr; nrad;Kiwapd; gpujhd

vz;zf;fUthf “ve;jnthU murhq;fKk; tpahghuk; nra;tjw;fhd tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl

KbahJ” vd;gijAk;> xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapd; nghwpKiw jdpahh;

Jiwahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; gpujhdkhff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

27. Nkd;ik jq;fpa fhyQ;nrd;w N[.Mh; [ath;jd mth;fspd; mikr;ruitahdJ>

Nkd;ik jq;fpa fhyQ;nrd;w uzrpq;f gpNukjhr mth;fs;> nfsut nuhdp b nky;

mth;fs;> fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut fhkpdp jprhehaf;fh mth;fs;> vdJ nrhe;j

topfhl;bAk;> FUTk; fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut yypj; mJyj; Kjyp mth;fs; kw;Wk;

vOgJfspy;; tsh;e;J tUk; xU murpay; el;rj;jpukhf tpsq;fpa jw;Nghija gpujkh;

nfsut uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f Nghd;w gy Kf;fpa murpay; Gs;spfis

cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. ,t;tpN~l murpay;thjpfs; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpid

rpwe;j topapy; vLj;Jr; nrd;wNjhL> nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp Ntfj;jpid Rkhh; 6 rjtPj

ruhrhp epiyikf;F miltjw;F khj;jpuky;yhky; ntspehl;L cjtpahdJ> ghhpa

mstpyhd KjyPLfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tsh;r;rpapid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;

cl;gl;bUe;jJ.

28. 1983 Mk; Mz;by; cUf;nfhz;l cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk;> nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp Ntfj;jpd;

gpd;dilTf;F XusTf;F toptFj;jNjhL> If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;fj;jpd;

nghUshjhu tpUj;jpfs; 1994 Mk; Mz;L tiu njhlug;gl;lJ. 1994 Mk; Mz;L

Nkd;ik jq;fpa jpUkjp re;jphpf;fh gz;lhuehaf;fh FkhuJq;f mth;fs; “kf;fs;

Kd;dzp”apy; ,yq;ifapd; Kjy; [dhjpgjpahf njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

9  

1994 – 2001 : “kf;fs; Kd;dzpapd; Ml;rpf; fhyk;”

29. 1994 Mk; Mz;L Ml;rpf;F te;j Gjpa murhq;fk; Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpd; jpwe;j

nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffis njhlh;r;rpahf vLj;Jr; nrd;wNjhL> muRlik

njhopy;Kaw;rpfis jdpahh;kag;gLj;Jk; nrad;KiwiaAk; Jhpjg;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;

cs;ehl;Lf; fytuj;jpd; tphpthf;fKk;>Fwpg;gpl;l nghUshjhu ,yf;Ffspd; kPJ

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jPtputhjpfspd; jhf;fq;fs; nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wj;jpidj;

jLj;jNjhL> nghUshjhuj;jpd; ftdj;jpid NtWgf;fk; jpUg;gpaJ. ,jw;Fg; gpujhd

fhuzk; nghUshuj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;tjy;yhky; gaq;futhjj;ij xopg;gjpy;

murhq;fj;jpd; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;JtjhFk;. 2000 Mk; Mz;lstpy;;> ,yq;ifapd; jyh

tUkhdk; 869 If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fis nfhz;l Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijf;

nfhz;l nghUshjhukhff; fhzg;gl;lJld; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp 16.6 gpy;ypad;

If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> Ntiyapd;ikahdJ 10 rjtPjj;Jf;Ff;

fpl;ba ngWkjpapidf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Rje;jpuk; mile;jjpypUe;J Kjy; jlitahf

tsh;r;rp NtfkhdJ 2001 Mk; Mz;by; vjph;kiwahd tsh;r;rp tPjnkhd;wpidg; gjpT

nra;jJ.

2001 – 2004 Xu; ,U tUl kPs; jpUg;gk;

30. jw;NghJ gjtpapYs;s gpujkh; nfsut uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f mth;fspd;

jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPohd If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;ff; fhyg;gFjpapy;

,t;ntjph;kiwahd Nghf;fpid khw;wpaikj;J kPz;Lk; xU Kiw rhjfkhd

tsh;r;rpnahd;wpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ. ,t;turhq;fj;jpd; njhiyNehf;F gy;NtW

njhopy;Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F tpN~l tha;g;Gf;fis toq;fpaNjhL> Gjpa KjyPLfs;

gytw;iw nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ey;yhl;rpAlDk;> ntspg;gilj;jd;ikAlDk; Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhLj;jJ. Vw;fg;gl;l nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; %yk; gy;NtW cau; ed;ikfis

kf;fSf;F toq;fpaNjhL> kPz;Lk; xU Kiw ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;ij rhjfkhd

tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;fpw;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wJ.

31. ,t;thwhd ijhpakhd mZFKiwfspd; Clhf gpd;jq;fpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Gjpa

cj;Ntfnkhd;wpid toq;fpaNjhL> fle;j Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; Nghjhd ke;jg;

Nghf;Fila nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis rpwe;j epiyikf;F Jhpjkhf khw;Wtjw;F

xU Gjpa mZFKiw <LgLj;jg;gl;lJ. MapDk;> ,f;fhyg;gphptpd; Muk;gj;ij

gpd;tUk; vjph;T$wy; %yk; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

“,yq;if fLk; nghUshjhu neUf;fbapYs;sJ. mjd; cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> vkJ

Mokhd gLfld; RikNa ,e;neUf;fbf;Ff; fhuzkhf cs;sJ. NkYk;>

nghUj;jkhd eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;glhtpl;lhy;> ,yq;ifapd; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdh;

Ntiyapd;ikf;Fk;> Fiwe;j tUkhd kl;lj;jpw;Fk; Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;bNaw;glyhk;.

vdNt> ,yq;ifia mopTg; ghijf;F ,l;Lr; nry;y toptFf;fhJ ghJfhg;gjw;fhf

epjhdj;JlDk;> GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l njhiyNehf;FlDk; nray;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. NkYk;

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s nray;Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;w KbahJs;sNjhL>

nghUshjhuj;jpid rPh;jpUj;j Ntz;bAKs;sJ”.

10  

32. nfsut rghehafh;mth;fNs> vdJ $w;wpid kw;WnkhU gf;fk; jpUg;Gtjw;F cq;fs;

mDkjpapid Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;. Vnddpy;> md;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;litfs; ,d;iwf;Fk;

nghUj;jkhfTs;sJ vd;gij fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;bajdhyhFk;. mjpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;gjq;fspd; fUj;Njhl;lk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Muhag;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;gJ vd;gJ vdJ vz;zkhFk;.

33. 2001 Mk; Mz;by; Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fk; ,uz;liu tUl Ml;rpapy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f nfhs;if khw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; tpN~l rl;lq;fs;

rpytw;iw mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. mit murpiw Kfhikj;Jt (nghWg;Gr;)rl;lk;>

Efh;Nthh; tptfhu mjpfhu rigr; rl;lk;>njhopyhsu; rl;lj;jpy; Ntiy KbTWj;jy;

kPjhd epYitapYs;s jpUj;jq;fs;, njhopy; gpzf;Fr; rl;lk;> ngz;fs;> ,s tajpdh;>

rpWtu;fs; kw;Wk; njhopypy; mkh;j;Jk; rl;lk;> eyNdhk;G gpujpcgfhur;

rl;lk;Nghd;wdthFk;.NkYk;> Gul;rpfukhd gpNuuizfshf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Gjpa

kj;jpa tq;fpr; rl;lk;> kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp Kfhikj;Jtr; rl;lk; Mfpa

,uz;L rl;lq;fSf;Fk; mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dNu ,t;turhq;fkhdJ

fiyf;fg;gl;lJ.

34. mur Jiw rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; Clhf nghUshjhu tiuaiwfis

,Wf;fkw;wjhf;Ftjid ikakhff; nfhz;L ntspehl;L KjyPLfisf; fth;tjw;Fk;

kw;Wk; khw;wPl;L eltbf;iffspd; Clhf nghUshjhuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

35. ,k;Kw;Nghf;fhd gbKiwfs; murpay; hPjpahf gpugy;ak; tha;e;jitahf

,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> murhq;fk; fl;Lg;ghlhd epjp xOq;FfisAk;> re;ijf;F el;Gwthd

nfhs;iffisAk; Ngzf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FWfpa fhyg;gphptpy; vkf;Fg;

gy;NtW ntspehLfSld; ,ize;J mth;fsJ xj;Jiog;igAk; cjtpfisAk;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;L nghUshjhu tpUj;jpnahd;wpw;fhd Gjpa njhiy Nehf;nfhd;iw

cUthf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf> nghUshjhukhdJ fpilf;fg; ngw;w

KjyPLfspd;; fhuzkhf tpUj;jpAw;w cw;gj;jpj; jpwdpd; fhuzkhfNt kPz;Lk;

tsh;r;rpaile;jNjhL> nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp NtfkhdJ 6 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpg;gjd;

%yKk;> gztPf;fk; 2 rjtPjkhfTk; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. MapDk;> 2004 Mk; Mz;L

Vg;uy; khjk; ,lk; ngw;w murhq;f khw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l

tsh;r;rpiaAk;> nghUshjhu kWkyh;r;rpiaAk; mila Kbahky; NghdJ.

2005 – 2014 ,uh[gf;~ Ml;rpf;fhyk;

36. 2005 ,ypUe;J 2014 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpahdJ tuyhw;wpy;> kf;fspd;

vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; kpfTk; cr;r epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lhYk; mitfspd; miljyhdJ

rhjhuz kl;lj;ijAk; milatpy;iy.

37. 2009 Mk; Mz;L Aj;j KbTld;>%d;W jrhg;jq;fshf ehl;by; fhzg;gl;l Aj;j

R+o;epiyAld; $ba midj;J jug;gpduhYk; fz;bf;fg;gl;l gaq;futhj eltbf;iffs;

KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. ,yq;if kf;fs; midtUk; nropg;ghd kw;Wk;

11  

re;Njh~khdnjhU vjph;fhyj;ij vjph;ghh;j;jdh;. Aj;jj;jpd; cr;r fl;lj;jpy; ehl;L

kf;fSf;F jkJ tapw;iwf; fl;bf; nfhs;Sk; gb Ntz;bf; nfhz;l Ml;rpahsh;fs;

fl;il mtpo;g;gjw;F vt;tpj khw;wj;ijAk; nra;atpy;iyvd;gJ njspT. mjpfhpj;J

te;j fld; Rikapd; fhuzkhf ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> ehSf;F ehs; kpfTk;

,f;fl;lhd epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Ml;rpahsh;fspd; ifahl;fspdhy;

tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gl;l Nfhagy;]; epahaj;jpD}lhf nghUshjhur; nrhy;yhl;rpfs;

Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lJky;yhky;> Ml;rpahsh;fspd; Gfo;ghLgth;fspd; %yk; ,yq;if

vDk; ehL Kd;Nehf;fpr; nry;y KbahJ gL ghjhsj;Jf;Nf nrd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk;>

[dthp 8 Mk; jpfjp ,f;Fkpop ntbj;J khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

38. 2009 Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyg;gFjpahdJ ehl;by; midj;J kf;fsplj;jpYk; ,d>

kj> kw;Wk; rhjp NtWghLfs; mfd;W kf;fs; midtUk; xw;wikAld; md;dpNahd;a

ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; el;Gld; $ba xU fhyg;gFjpahf vOr;rp ngWk; vd

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ.mj;Jld; nghUshjhu kPl;rpAk; vjpu;T $wg;gl;lJ.

39. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ehl;il kpfTk; Nkhrkhd

gaq;futhjpfspypUe;J kPl;nlLj;j Kg;gilapdUf;Fk;; khpahij nrYj;JtJ vdJ

Kjw;fz; flik vdf; fUJfpNwd;. Kg;gilapdh; mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdh; kw;Wk;

ez;gh;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpahfq;fs; vd;Wk; ehk; kwNthk;. mth;fshy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpahfq;fis mth;fSf;fhf vj;jid epidTj; J}gpfs; my;yJ

Qhgfhh;j;j epidTfis Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; mjid <L nra;a KbahJ. mth;fspdhy;

ngw;Wj;jug;gl;l rkhjhdk; vDk; ghpir ghJfhg;gJ vkJ flikahFk;. ehk;

ntd;nwLj;j Rje;jpukhdJ epiy epWj;jg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

vt;thwhapDk;> ehk; thOk; cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fs; njhlh;ghf kpfTk;

ftdkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mNj Nghy; gaq;futhjj;jpd; khWgl;l Njhw;wk;

njhlh;ghf kpfTk; fupridNahL cs;Nshk;. jdpahh; nfhs;iffSf;Fg; gjpyhf

gaq;futhjj;ij vjph;nfhs;tjw;F vkJ may; ehLfs; kw;Wk; cyfshtpa el;G

ehLfSld; cgha mZF KiwAld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. ehl;bd; ghJfhg;ig

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; etPd njhopy;El;gkhdJ Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ehd; kPz;Lk;

typAWj;Jfpd;Nwd;> ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G vd;w tplaj;jpy; tpl;Lf; nfhLg;Gf;fSf;F xU

NghJk; ,lk; fpilahJ.

40. xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> Ml;rpahsh;fs; njhlh;gpy; ntWk; thh;j;ij [hyq;fs;

kw;Wk; Gfo;ghLiffspd; Kfhik nra;a KbahjjhFk;. ehl;bd;

Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ>Kd;Ndw;wkilaj; njhlq;fpaJ. KjyPl;lhsh;fs; ehL njhlh;ghf

rhjfkhd Kiwapy; cw;W Nehf;fp kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp te;jdh;. jdpahh; kw;Wk; nghJj;

Jiw KjyPLfSf;F rh;tNjr %yjdr; re;ijapy; Gjpa re;jh;g;gq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld.

MfNt> ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpahdJ Jhpj fjpahf Kd;Ndw;wkile;jJ. ,J

,yq;ifahdJ eLj;ju tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l nghUshjhuk; vd;w me;j];ij

miltjw;F toptFj;jJ. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; njd; gFjpiar; Nrh;e;j jkf;Fr; rhjfkhd

gpuNjr murpay;thjp jdJ ifahl;fSld; Nkw;nfhz;l ehrfhu eltbf;ifapd;

fhuzkhf ehl;bd; ew;ngaUf;F fsq;fk; Vw;gl;lNjhL> Rw;Wyh Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j

12  

,uz;L Rw;Wg; gpuahzpfSf;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jhf;FjypD}lhf ehl;bd;

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;Fk; <L nra;a Kbahj ,og;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mNj Nghy;> ePq;fs;

midtUk; mwptPh;fs;> vf;fhuzKk; ,d;wp> rl;l eltbf;iffs; ,Oj;jbf;fg;gl;ld.

,jdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; ehl;bd; murhq;fkhdJ jiyapl;L rl;l

eltbf;iffs; JHpjg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

41. 2009 ,w;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyg;gFjpapy; fle;j Ml;rpapd; nghJ nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpg;

Nghf;fhdJ Jhpjkhf tsh;r;rpaile;jJ vdf; fhl;lg;gl;lJ. vt;thwhapDk;>

,t;tpyf;fq;fs; gpujpgypg;gijg; Nghd;W ehl;bd; ruhrhpg; gpui[fs; ed;ikaile;jjhf

njsptpy;iy. XU Gjpa nghUshjhu iky;fy;iy miltjw;fhd gpujhd RNyhfkhf

fhz;gpf;fg;gl;l tplak; vd;dntdpy;> 2016 Mk; Mz;by;> eLj;ju tUkhdk; vd;w

me;j];ij miltjhFk;. Mdhy;> rh;tNjr fz;ldq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf;

nfhs;if kw;Wk; murpay;thjpfspd; tha;g;Ngr;Rf;fshdJ rh;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;glhikapdhy; fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,yq;ifahdJ> KjyPl;lhsh;fspd;

cupa tpUg;gj;Njh;thf ,Uf;ftpy;iy ,jdhy;> ,yq;ifahdJ tpahghuk; nra;tjw;F

rhjfkhd ehLfspd; gl;bay; jug;gLj;jypy; gpd;js;sg;gl;lNjhL epiyikAk;

ghjpg;gile;jJ. ehl;bd; mikr;ruit cWg;gpdh; xUth; If;fpa ehLfs; rig

fhupahyaj;jpw;F Kd;G rhFk; tiu cz;zh tpujk; ,Ug;gjhf mr;RWj;jiy

Nkw;nfhz;lijAk; mtuJ cz;zhtpujj;ij KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;F Kd;dhs;

jiytu; ,sePiu nfhz;L te;jijAk; ehl;L kf;fs; fz;L nfhz;ldh;. mJkpfr;

rpwe;j murpay; ehlfkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy;>mjd; %yk; ehL kpfTk;

ghjpg;gile;jJ. vjph;ghh;j;j ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; milag;gltpy;iy kw;Wk; el;G

ehLfspdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l [P.v];.gP (GSP+) Nghd;w rYiffSk; ePf;fg;gl;ld.

ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> nkJthf Xu; ,Uz;l epiyf;F ,Oj;Jr;

nry;yg;gl;lNjhL> rh;tNjr nghUshjhuj; jilfSk; FWfpa J}uj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ld.

42. Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpw;F ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpiaj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

mtrpakhd cupa rPh;jpUj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd mhpa re;jh;g;gnkhd;W

fhzg;gl;lJ. rhpahd J}u Nehf;F> murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu topfhl;lypD}lhf

ehlhdJ cah; eLj;ju tukhd me;j];ij miltjw;F chpa topfhl;liy

ngw;wpUf;Fk;. Mdhy; gpioahd nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; Clhf top

elhj;jg;gl;l murpaypdhy; ,yq;ifahdJ> gy th;j;jfg; gq;fhspfspdhy; kw;Wk;

KjyPl;lhsh;fspdhy; iftplg;gl;lJ. ,J jpiwNrhpf;F NkYk; Rikia

mjpfhpj;jNjhL> gy;NtWgl;l Ngupdg; nghUshjhu rkkpd;ikiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

43. ehq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> fle;j murhq;fkhdJ

ehl;bd; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshd tPjpfs;>JiwKfq;fs;> kw;Wk; tpkhd

epiyaq;fis Nkk;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffis Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jw;fhf fle;j

murhq;fkhdJ> mjp cah; tl;bapy; fld;fisg; ngw;W mur ngWiffs; njhlh;ghd

tpiy kDf;Nfhuy;fspd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l topfhl;ly;fs; kw;Wk; tiuaiwfis

kPwp xg;ge;jq;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs>

cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; Fwpg;ghf epjp Kfhikj;Jtk;> eph;thfk;>

13  

kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk;

NghJ ,it ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij fLikahf jhf;fpd.

44. fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; jpl;lkplg;glhj cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshd mjp Ntfg;ghijfs;>

JiwKfq;fs;> kPJ rPdhtplk; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l mjp $ba tl;bapyhd

gLfld;fs; ehl;bw;Fg; ghhpa gLfld; Rikia Vw;gLj;jpaJ khj;jpuky;yhky;> ghhpa

mstpyhd gLfld; jPh;g;gdTfisAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j mjp nryT $ba

gLfld;fshdJ Kjph;r;rpailAk; gLfld;fis jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jtjw;Fg; gjpyhf

ePz;l fhy KjyPLfshdJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lNjhL> rpy KjyPLfs; vt;tpj

tUkhdj;ijAk; ciof;fg; Nghjpajhf ,y;iy. ,t;tifahd KjyPLfshdJ

,yq;iff;F khj;jpuk; nghJthd mdhtrpakhd KjyPLfs; vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

Vndd;why;> mt;turhq;fj;jpd; fPo; mikf;fg;gl;l tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; cs;Sh;

tpkhdq;fs; $l> jiu ,wf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. `k;ghe;Njhl;il JiwKfk; $l

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;lJ Nghy fg;gy; Jiw eltbf;iffs; njhlh;ghf

kj;jpag;gLj;jg;gl;ljpy;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. mj;JiwKfj;jpw;F

tUk; fg;gy;fspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; FiwT vd;gJ ehk; mwpe;j cz;ikahFk;. vJ

vt;thW ,Ug;gpDk;> mj;JiwKfk; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiyaj;ij epu;khzpg;gjw;F

jPh;khdj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j mur jiyth;fspd; ngah;fshdJ ngUk;ghyhd

re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtw;iwg; ghh;itapl mq;F Rw;Wyh nry;gth;fSf;F khj;jpuNk

fhzf;fpilf;fpd;wJ.

45. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkf;Fj; njhpe;j tifapy; fle;j murhq;fj;jpy;

Fwpg;gpl;l xU FOtpdNu gyd;fis mDgtpj;jdh;. mjhtJ murpay; ez;gh;fs;

kw;Wk; jiythpd; Gfo; ghbath;fSf;F tpN~l rYiffs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfs; nra;J

nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> gy;NtWgl;l mjpfhug+h;tkhd kw;Wk;

cj;jpNahfg;gw;ww;w %yq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhz;lit kpfTk;

nfhQ;rkhFk;;. ,it kPjhd tprhuiz nrad;KiwahdJ kpfTk; ePz;l fhyk;

nry;yyhk;. Mdhy; fhzg;gLk; rhl;rpfshdJ ahuhYk; kWjypf;f KbahJs;sJ.

Njrg;gw;Ws;s midj;J ehl;Lg; gpui[fsplKk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why;>

ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Fw;wthspfspd; Fw;wq;fs; ep&gpf;fg;gl;L cz;ik

epiyehl;lg;gLk;; tiuapy; nghWikahf ,Uf;Fk; gb Ntz;LfpNwd;. NkYk;> ehd;

,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; jha;ehl;bd; gpui[fsplk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;tnjd;dntd;why;>

ntspehLfspy; ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; gzq;fis ,q;Nf KjyPL nra;Aq;fs;.

,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ehlhdJ> mj;jifa gzj;jpd; mtrpaj;ij Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ.

46. fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; NghJ ehl;bd; thp tUkhd tPjkhdJ> nkhj;j cs;ehl;L

cw;gj;jpapd; tPjj;jpy; njhlh;r;rpahf Fiwtile;J mJ nkhj;j cs;ehl;L

cw;gj;jpapd; tPjj;jpy; 10.2 rjtPjj;ij mile;J ,yq;ifia ,j;jifa nkhj;j

cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpAld; xg;gpLifapy; kpfTk; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l

ehLfspy; xd;whfg; gbg;gbahf khw;wpaJ. ,d;W vkJ thp tUkhdkhdJ Nritfs;

nfhLg;gdTfisf; $l Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. Mdhy; ehq;fs;

Mrpahtpd; Mr;rh;akhf jpfo tpUk;gpNdhk;. Mk; ehk; eilKiwg; nghUshjhu

14  

epiyikfs;> kw;Wk; cz;ik epiyikfspy; ,Ue;J tpyfp nghUshjhuk; Kw;whf

epiyFiye;jJ vdyhk;. NkYk;> ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why;> fle;j

murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhu tpw;gdh;fs; vt;tifahd nghUshjhuf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; fPo;

nraw;gl;lhu;fs; vd;gjhFk;.

47. vq;fSf;F cWjpahf mtjhdpf;ff; $bajhfTs;sJ vd;dntd;why;> rpy

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhuj;

jPh;khq;fspD}lhf fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa kf;fSf;F chpa gyd;fs; vjph;ghh;j;jijg;

Nghd;W nrd;wila tpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. kf;fspd; tho;f;if kl;lk; kw;Wk; ehl;bd;

kpfTk; ngWkjpahd tsq;fspd; tsh;r;rpahdJ fle;j jrhg;j fhyj;jpy; vjph;ghh;j;j

mstpy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. tUkhd Vw;wj;jho;T Fwpfhl;bahd fpdpf; FzfkhdJ

ehl;bd; tUkhdj;jpd; ngUk; gFjpahdJ xUFwpg;gpl;l rpyhpilNa Fkpe;jpUg;gijf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

2015: Njrpa If;fpa murhq;fk; - murpaypy; ,yq;ifapd; Gjpa gupzhkk;

48. 2015 rdtupapy; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp ikj;jpupghy rpwpNrd mtu;fspd; njupT kw;Wk;

nfsut gpujk uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fspd; ftu;r;rpfukhd jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; fPo;

I.Nj. fl;rpapdhy; jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;l Gjpa Njrpa murhq;fk; xd;W

jhgpf;fg;gl;lik ,yq;ifapd; r%f nghUshjhu tuyhw;wpYk; rkfhy murpaypYk;

Gjpa mj;jpahak; xd;wpid cUthf;fpaJ. 2009 ,y; ehk; Nkw;nfhz;l tplaq;fSk;

mjid Nghd;w Vida re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; ehk; ,d;ndhU Kiw jtwtplg;glhj

re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Kd;du; vjpu;fhy RgPl;rj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F cupa

nghUshjhu cghaq;fSld; ehl;bd; eyDf;fhd rpwe;j tha;g;Gfis

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid Vw;gLj;jp nfhLj;jJ. kiwe;j jiytu; N[hd;

vg;. nfd;dbapd; “ehl;Lf;fhf ePq;fs; vjid nra;a KbAk; vd;gij ghUq;fs; ehL

cq;fSf;F vd;d nra;fpd;wJ vd;gij ghu;f;fhjPu;fs;” vd;w gpugykhd $w;wpidg; gw;wp ehk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba jUzk; ,JthFk;.

49. ehk; njupT nra;ag;gl;lJld; r%fj;jpYs;s gy;NtW FOf;fsplk; ,Ue;J vk;ik

Nehf;fp te;j gy;NtW Nfs;tpfSf;F ehk; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ. vkJ

jyh tUkhdk; eLj;ju tUkhdk; ngWk; ehL vd;w me;j];jpid milfpd;w

msTf;F kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLfpwJ vdpd;> ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; Vd; ,d;Dk;

Jd;gq;fis mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;? cau; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp

fhzg;gLkhapd;> mj;jpahtrpa nghUl;fspd; tpiyfs; Vd; ehSf;F ehs;

khw;wkiltJld; ehshe;j tho;tpid rpukj;Jf;F cs;shf;fpAs;sJ? ru;tNjr

re;ijapy; vz;nza;apd; tpiyfs; tPo;r;rp mile;J ,Uf;Fkhapd;> Vd;

vupnghUSf;fhd tpiy vjpu;ghu;j;j msT Fiwtila tpy;iy? vkJ FWfpa fhy

Ml;rpapy; ehd;fhtJ Kiwahf rhjfkhd tpiyf; Fiwg;gpid ehk; Kfhik

nra;Js;s NghjpYk; rpy Nfs;tpfs; tpil fhzhJ njhlu;e;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

15  

50. Gs;sp tpguq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW nghUshjhuk; tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sjhapd;> Vd; vkJ gps;isfs; njhopy; tha;g;G mw;wtu;fshf ,Ug;gJld; ntspehLfSf;F

mjidj; Njbr; nry;fpd;wdu;? nghUshjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; vt;tpj tpistpidAk;

ngw;Wj; juhj nghUj;jkw;w ,lq;fspy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l ngUe;njUf;fs; kw;Wk;

tpkhd epiyaq;fspd; gad;jhd; vd;d? kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L fLikahf ciof;Fk;

eLj;ju tFg;igr; Nru;e;j FLk;gk; rpwpa fhu; xd;wpid nfhs;tdT nra;tJ vt;thW?

nghUshjhuk; tsu;r;rpailtjhapd; tup tUkhdk; tPo;r;rpailtJ Vd;? RUf;fkhf>

,yq;if nghUshjhuj;jpd; cz;ikahd epiy vd;d? vd;gJ r%fj;jpy;

ngUk;ghyhdtu;fspd; fupridahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

51. ehk; Kd;ida murhq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J kuGupikahf vjidg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;Nwhk;

vd;gNj ,q;F vOfpd;w Nfs;;tpahFk;. nghUshjhuj;jpid nghWj;jtiuapy; ehk;

kuGupikahf ngw;wpUf;fpd;w gytPdq;fs; kw;Wk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; vz;zpylq;fhjit.

,it fle;j fhyq;fspd; NghJ vLj;J fhl;lg;gl;l tsu;r;rp njhlu;ghd Gs;sp

tpguq;fSf;F khw;wkhf njhlu;e;Jk; vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; fl;likg;gpy; Mokhf

Nt&d;wpAs;sJ. nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpahdJ gpujhdkhf tu;j;jfky;yhj Jiwfspdhy;

Vw;gLtJld; epiyahd tsu;r;rp %yq;fspdhy; Vw;gLtjw;F gjpyhf

murpiwj;Jiwapy; gpujhd fl;likg;G gytPdq;fis kiwf;fpd;w “tpaf;fj;jf;f

murpiw” tsu;r;rpfSf;F khw;wkhf mjpfupj;J tUk; nefpo;r;rpaw;w kPz;nlOk;

nrytpd mu;g;gzpg;GfSf;fika kdpj %yjd mgptpUj;jpf;fhd KjyPlhf ePz;lfhy

cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;> tpidj;jpwdw;w ts xJf;fPL vd;gd fhuzkhf tUkhd kl;lj;jpy;

rkkpd;ik fhzg;gl;ljpdhy; jiyf;Fupa tWikr;Rl;bahdJ mjpfupj;jJ.

52. nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;thdJ ngUk;ghYk; mjpfupj;J fhzg;gl;lJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu;fNs> tuT nryTj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfis cUthf;Ftjw;F kpf mjpfkhd

Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; vk;ik Nehf;fp te;j ngUk;ghyhd Nfs;tpfSf;F

2016 ,w;fhd nfhs;if Mtzk;/ Njrpa tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; jPu;tpid

toq;Ftjw;F ehk; Kaw;rpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

murhq;f epjp kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpd; jw;Nghija epiyik

53. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkf;F Kd; ,Uf;fpd;w gzpia ehd; ,q;F Kd;itf;f

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ ghupa gLfld; Rikapy;

rpf;fpAs;sJld;> cau;e;j tuT nryTj;jpl;l gw;whf;FiwapidAk; vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk; gLfld; kw;Wk; tuT nryTj;jpl;l gw;whf;FiwahdJ vkf;F vt;tpj

rk;ge;jKk; ,d;wp vk;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;lJld;> ,e;epiyikapid vt;tpj epge;jidAk;

,d;wp ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F jahu; ,y;iy vd;gjid ehd; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jid nghUshjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;

khj;jpukpd;wp rKjha murpay; Nehf;fpYk; ghu;g;gJld; Gj;jhf;fk; kpf;f gy;NtWgl;l

kw;Wk; tpistpidj; juf;$bajhd rhjfkhd eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;ba

Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tuT nryTj;jpl;l jpUj;jk; vd;w rhjhuz kuGtop

16  

Kiwnahd;wpd; Clhf nghUshjhu neUf;fb fhzg;gLfpd;w fhyg;gFjpapy;

tpupthf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ghupanjhU gzp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

54. xt;nthU NjrKk; mjd; tUkhdj;jpw;Fs; tho;tJ mtrpakhFk;. ,yq;ifAk; mjw;F

tpjp tpyf;fhdJ my;y. me;jtifapy;> tUkhdk; jpul;Ltjw;fhf tup Nrfupg;G

njhlu;ghd Kaw;rpfis Kd;ndLf;fpd;w epiyapy; ehk; ,y;iy. mNjNghd;W>

epahakhd Nrkpg;G vd;w tplaj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;Fk; tifapy;

ntspg;gilahf nraw;glNtz;bAs;sJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> r%fj;jpd;

ed;ikf;fhd ghupa mf;fiwnahd;Wld; tup nrYj;Jdupd; gzj;jpid ehk; KjyPL

nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w nfhs;ifapid gpd;gw;Wtjw;F ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. fle;j rpy

tUlq;fspd; NghJ tsq;fs; kw;Wk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; tPzhFtjid ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;fpd;w ,e;j nfhs;ifapid gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhd nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;

vLf;fg;gl;ldth vd;gJ njhlu;gpy; Iak; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

55. murpiwj; Jiwapy; fl;likg;G gytPdkhdJ cldbahd ftdj;jpid Ntz;LtJld;

ePz;l fhyj;jpy; epiyahd tsu;r;rp fhzg;glhikahdJ ajhu;j;jkhf ,Uf;f

khl;lhJ. cz;ikaw;w Kd;Djhuzq;fs; fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; Njhd;Wfpd;w

nghUspayhsu;fSf;fhd rpwe;j thrpg;ghf mikakhl;lhJ. murpiwg;

gw;whf;FiwahdJ 2001 ,y; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 10% ,ypUe;J 2014 ,y;

5.7% Mf tPo;r;rpaile;jJld; nkhj;j gLfld; 2002 ,y; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; 102%

,ypUe;J 2014 ,y; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; 72% Mf rpy murpiw tsu;r;rp

,lk;ngw;wpUg;gjid ehk; ek;Gk; tifapy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

56. ehd; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W> kPz;nlOk; kw;Wk; %yjdr; nrytpdk; kPjhd

mjpf tiuaiwapid tpjpg;gjhdJ midj;J murhq;f tUkhdq;fspYk; gLfld;

toq;fYf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. gLfld; Jiwapid tpupthf;Fk; tplaj;jpy;

gLfld; Mw;wy;fs; rpy Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. ntspehl;Lg;

gLfld; epYitapy; tu;j;jf fld;fspd; gq;F fle;j fhyq;fspd; NghJ Mw;wypidg;

ngw;Ws;sJ.

57. jdpahu; Jiw nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfSf;F trjpaspg;gJld; Rje;jpu re;ijfspd;

rpwe;j njhopw;ghl;bw;F Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Uf;fpd;w gy;NtWgl;l jilfis ePf;Ffpd;w

nfhs;ifrhu;e;j ntspg;gilahd re;ij Kiwapid gpdgw;Wtjw;F vkJ murhq;fk;

Kide;Js;sJ. murpiwj;JiwAld; Muk;gkhFk; nghUshjhuj;jpd; midj;J

JiwfSf;Fk; ghupa kWrPuikg;Gfis ,J Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. nghUshjhu

Nghf;fpw;fhd gpujhd Kd;Ndw;wnkhd;wpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Gjpa Kaw;rpnahd;whf

tpahghuj;jpid ,yFthf Nkw;nfhs;sy; Rl;b (Ease of Doing Business Index) ,id Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F ehk; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

58. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;bd; murpiw Kiwik njhlu;ghd rpy jPtpu

gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gLtJld; ,yq;ifau; midtUk; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid

mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tifapy; ,q;F tpupthf rku;g;gpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

,tw;wpid ehk; gy tUlq;fshfTk; fle;j 11 khjq;fSk; fye;Jiuahb tUtJld;

17  

ehL vjpu;Nehf;Fk; murpiw gpur;rpidfspd; cz;ikahd tplaq;fis

fz;lwptjw;Fk; mtjhdpg;gjw;Fkhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid ehd; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;.

,yq;if kf;fspd; ed;ikf;fhf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

,g;gpur;rpidfspid jPu;g;gjw;F ehDk; epjpaikr;rpd; mYtyu;fSk; Mu;tj;Jld;

,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gij kfpo;r;rpAld; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

tup tUkhdk;

59. jpl;lkplg;gl;l mj;jpahtrpa nrytpdq;fis <Lnra;tjw;F Nghjpa tUkhdj;jpid

cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Mw;wypid Vw;gLj;jJfpd;w VNjDk; murpiw Kiwikapid

cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. Jujp~;ltrkhf,yq;ifapy; ,k;Kiwik

fhzg;gltpy;iy.,e;epiyik fle;j jhrhg;jj;jpd; NghJ J}z;lg;gl;lJld; vLf;fg;gl;l

eltbf;iffs; vt;tpj mu;j;jKs;s tpisTfisAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.

60. murpiw tUkhd tPo;r;rpahdJ ehl;bd; ghupa Nguz;l nghUshjhuj;ij

vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;F mjd; Nghf;F Kd;Dupik mbg;gilapy; jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

,yq;ifapd; tup tUkhdk; 1990 ,y; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 19% Mf fhzg;gl;lJld;

2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 10.2% Mf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. 2014 ,y; KO

fhyg;gFjpf;Fk; tup tUkhd tsu;r;rp 4.4% Mf fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J rhjhuz nkh.c.

cw;gj;jp tsu;r;rp tpfpjkhd 7.3% ,id tpl Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;j tifapy;

tup tUkhdk; nghUshjhu tpupthf;fj;jpw;fhd cj;Ntfj;jpid toq;fKbahJ

NghdJld; fle;j tUlq;fspy; Vw;gl;l Nkhrkhd epiyikf;F rhd;whf mike;jJ.

murpiw tUkhdj;jpid mjpfupg;gjw;F Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs;

vJTk; mf;fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l tPo;r;rp epiyapid Nghf;Ftjw;Fj; jtwpaJ. tup

Kiwikapy; Vwf;Fiwa 35 tupfSk; mwtPLfSk; fhzg;gLtJ

ek;gKbahjnjhd;whFk;. ,r;rl;lq;fspy; rpy fhyhtjpahdJld; tup nrYj;JdHfspdhy;

,yFtpy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ fhzg;gl;lJ. mtw;Ws; rpy khj;jpuk; tupr;

rl;lq;fs; gw;wp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAkhff; fhzg;gl;ld.

61. ngWkjp Nru; tupapd; Nrfupg;gpd; tPo;r;rpahdJ fle;j tUlq;fspy; tup tUkhdj;jpy; tPo;r;rpNaw;gLtjw;F gpujhd fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. 2005 ,y; nkhj;j tup Nrfhpg;gpy; 41

rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;l ngWkjp Nru; tup tUkhdk; 2016 ,y; 26 rjtPjkhf

tPo;r;rpAw;wJ. NkYk; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; ngWkjp Nru; tup Nrfhpg;G 2004 ,y; 5.8

rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2014 ,y; 2.7 rjtPjkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. tUkhd tup tPo;r;rpahdJ

2006 ,y; 2.7 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 1.9 rjtPjkhf

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Njrpa tUkhdk; mjpfhpj;j NghjpYk;> mjw;F Neu; tpfpjkhf tup

tUkhdk; mjpfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. tup tUkhdk; tPo;r;rpaile;jjw;fhd fhuzk; gy;NtW

tplaq;fs; njhlHe;J kuGtopahf te;jik vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. tup epu;thf

KiwNfLfs; fhuzkhf ,zf;fg;ghl;by; fhzg;gl;l gytPdk; gpujhd fhuzkhf

mike;jJ. gy;NtW epWtdq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l tup tpyf;fspg;GfSk; tup

epHthfj;jpid Kiwahf nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf mike;jJ.

18  

62. tUkhdj;jpy; ngUk;gFjp kiwKf tupfspypUe;J ngwg;gLtJld; Neub tupfspypUe;J

fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; kpfTk; FiwthdjhFk;. mNjNtis> tup nrYj;Jtjw;F

KbAkhd gyUk; tup nrYj;Jtjw;F flg;ghLilatHfSk; tup Kiwikapy;

KOikahf cs;thq;fg;gltpy;iy. tup Va;g;gpid ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpf;F tup

,zf;fg;ghl;L Kiwikapid Nkk;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;. NkYk; tup epHthfk;

];jpug;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba NjitAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

63. nfsut rghehafH mtHfNs> fle;j rpy khjq;fspd; NghJ tup tpjpg;gdtpy; Gjpa

nraw;jpl;lq;fis filg;gpbg;gjd; %yk; ,g;gpur;rpidfis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;fhd rpy

Kaw;rpfis ehk; Nkw;nfhz;Nlhk;. vt;thwhapDk;> jw;fhypf jPHTfspypUe;J tpyfp

Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd cWjpahd kWrPuikg;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; tup

Kiwikapid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; vLf;fg;gLtJld; Fwpj;j kWrPuikg;Gfs;

ehl;bd; ed;ikf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

eilKiwr; nrytpdk;

64. nfsut rghehafu; mtHfNs> tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd jdpg;gl;l thp

kWrPuikg;Gfs; murpiw tUkhdj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F gq;fspf;fg;

Nghtjpy;iy. ,J chpa Kiwapyhd mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nrYj;jg;gl;l nrytpdf;

Fiwg;G eltbf;iffis mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;jj; Njitapid

vt;thW ehk; czu;e;J nfhs;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gNj vk;Kd; cs;s Nfs;tpahFk;.

mNjNghd;W fle;j Ml;rpapy; nrytpdkhdJ rfy kl;lq;fspYk; mjpfhpj;jpUe;j

Ntisapy; ,lk;ngwf;$lhj tplaq;fspypUe;J ehk; epiwa ghlq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

Ntz;bAs;sJ.

65. epuy; mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; jpizf;fsq;fs; mtw;wpdJ eilKiwr; nrytpd

kl;lj;jpid Fiwj;Js;sd vdehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jid tpkHrduPjpahf

Ma;T nra;tjw;fhd Neuk; te;Js;sJld;> tiuaWf;fg;gl;l Neub thp nrYj;Jeu;;fs;

kw;Wk; r%fj;jpYs;s kpf twpa gphptpdu; cs;slq;fyhf kiwKf tupfspd;

tUkhdk; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tPz; nrytpdq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;

Njitf;fjpfkhd epu;thf nrytpdq;fis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;Fk; mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk;

jpizf;fsq;fspd; nrytpdj; Njitfis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd mtrpak; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

66. Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpid jahupg;gjpy; g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahhpg;G vz;zf; fUtpid ehd; cWjpahf Mjupf;fpd;Nwd;. 2016 tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy;

g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;G vz;zf;fUtpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;Ftjd;

%yk; xt;nthU nrytply; epWtdq;fSk; mtw;wpd; epjp xJf;fPLfSf;fhd

Ntz;LNfhs;fis tpLg;gjw;F Kd;du; mtw;wpdJ tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahhpg;gpid

epahag;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,r;nrad; KiwahdJ ,jd; gpd;duhd tuT nryTj;

jpl;lq;fspYk; fLikahfg; gpd;gw;wg;gLk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs fzf;fPl;Lf;

nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; jahupf;fg;gLk; g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;ghdJ

Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;gpd; NghJ gy;NtW ehLfspy;

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; ,e;j g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;gpid

19  

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; ,t;tsT fhyk; jhkjpj;jJ vdf;F Mr;rupak; mspf;fpwJ.

,e;jtifapy;> nghJj; jpiwNrupahdJ chpa mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSf;fhd

xJf;fPLfis kPsha;T nra;jy; njhlu;gpy; 2016 rdthpapypUe;J gpd;D}l;ly;

eltbf;iffis vLf;Fk;.

67. nghWg;Gf; $wj;jf;f murhq;fnkd;w tifapy; kf;fspd; Jauq;fis njspthf

czu;e;Js;sJld; ehk; rk;gsq;fs; kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpaj;jpid Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT

mjpfupj;jjd; %yk; vkJ cWjpnkhopapid NgZtjw;F KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ.

mNjNtis> murhq;fj;Jiw njhopy;tha;g;ghdJ fle;j gy tUlq;fshf ehd;F

klq;fhf mjpfupj;J ,Ue;jjid vk;khy; czuKbe;jJ.

68. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;j Nkhrhkhd #o;epiyapd; ntspg;gilahd tpisT

rk;gs nrytpdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfupg;gpid Vw;gLj;jpaJld; ,J Mff;$basT

mjpfupf;fg;gLtJld; epahag;gLj;j KbAkhd mstpidtpl mjpfkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.

,e;jtifapy;> murhq;fj;Jiw Ntjdhjpfspd; epiyngW jd;ikapid NgZtjw;fhd

cupa topKiwfis ehk; Njl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,tw;Wld; murhq;fj;Jiw Nrit

toq;fypd; tpidj;jpwd;> gad;tYj;jd;ik kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; vd;gtw;wpidAk;

Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.

69. mNjNghd;W> gbg;gbahf mjpfupj;J ghupa rthyhf tsu;e;JtUk; kw;WnkhU Kf;fpa

tplak; murhq;fj;jpd; Xa;t+jpa nghWg;ghFk;. taJ Kjpu;e;Njhu; rdj;njhif kw;Wk;

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; mjpfupj;JtUk; nghWg;gpid vjpu;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; tsq;fis

mjpfupf;f Ntz;ba Njit vd;gtw;wpid Kfhik nra;tjw;F cupa eltbf;iffis

vLf;Fk; tifapy; fle;j 2005 - 2014 tUlq;fspd; NghJ Xa;t+jpar; nrytpdk; 170

rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jJ. Xa;t+jpak; ngWk; ,yq;ifau;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupg;G

kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpak; kPjhd epjpr; nrytpdk; Mfpad Fiwe;jJ ,e;j kl;lj;jpyhtJ

jPu;f;fg;glhtpl;lhy; rpf;fyhd gy neUf;fbfSf;F cl;glNtz;ba epiyNaw;gLk;.

70. eilKiwapYs;s epjpaspf;fg;glhj jd;ikapyhd Xa;t+jpaj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,ay;gpdhy;

Nkyjpf Neuj;jpid NkYk; mjpfupf;fpd;w nryT vd;gd ghupa nghWg;Gf;fis

Vw;gLj;JtJld; vjpu;fhy tup nrYj;Jdu;fSf;F NkYk; Rikahf mikAk;.

,e;jtifapy;> Xa;t+jpar; nrytpdj;jpid ,e;ehl;bd; kf;fs; jhq;fpf;nfhs;s

KbAkhd xd;whf khw;Wtjw;fhd Gjpa cghaq;fis fz;lwpa Ntz;baJ

mtrpakhFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Vw;fdNt ,isg;ghwpatu;fs; kw;Wk;

jw;nghOJ Nritahw;wpf; nfhz;bUg;gtu;fSf;F vt;tpj tiuaiwAkpd;wp Xa;t+jpar;

nrytpdj;jpid jhq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F murhq;fk; jplrq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ vd;gjid

ehd; cWjpahff; $wpf;nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. Mdhy;> murhq;f Nritf;F Gjpjhf

Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ltu;fspd; Xa;t+jpak; njhlu;gpy; ehk; vt;thW jpl;lkpLtJ vd;gJ

njhlu;gpy; Gjpa cghankhd;wpid cUthf;f Ntz;baJ mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.

me;jtifapy;> Xa;t+jpa Kiwikapid epiyNgwhdnjhd;whf khw;w KbAk;.

71. ,Jnjhlu;ghd kw;WnkhU tplak; khdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; khw;wy;fspd; toq;fy;

vd;Wkpy;yhjthW mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sikahFk;. ,J tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; nkhj;j

kPz;nlOk; nrytpdj;jpy; 21 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Kd;Ndw;wfukhd

20  

,yf;fply; cjTnjhifapidf; Fiwj;jy; vd;gd eilKiwr; nrytpdj;jpid

Fiwg;gjw;F rpwe;j ntspg;gilj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tif$wy;fSld; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba

Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk; mjpfkhd KjyPl;bid r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu

cl;fl;likg;gpw;fhf gad;gLj;j KbAnkd;gJld; cau; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F

mtrpaKkhFk;. mNjNtis> vkJ r%fj;jpy; tpNrl NjitAila kw;Wk; ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd gpuirfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu; vd;gjid ehk;

ed;fwpNthk;. VNjDk; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdtu;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd rpwe;j

topKiwfisAk; mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisAk; fz;lwptJld; njhlu;e;J

xj;Jiog;gpidAk; toq;Fk;.

nghJ KjyPL

72. fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; fhyg;gFjpapy; nghJ KjyPL vd;w tplak; ngUksT

Ngrg;gl;lJld; nghJ KjyPlhdJ ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd kpf Kf;fpa

Njitg;ghlhf khwpapUe;jJ. nghJ KjyPlhdJ jdpahu; KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F

ehl;Lf;F kpf Kf;fpakhdnjhd;W vd;gjid typAWj;jpf;$w ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

,f;nfhs;ifapy; vt;tpj fUj;J Kuz;ghLfSk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. vt;thwhapDk;>

nghJ KjyPl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis ehk; kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; nghOJk; mtw;wpidj;

njupTnra;Ak; nghOJk; epahakhd tpistpid Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tifapy; vkJ

Kd;Dupikfs; kw;Wk; rhj;jpats kjpg;gPLfs; njhlu;gpy; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

73. fle;j fhyj;jpd; NghJ> jdpahu; KjyPlhdJ murhq;fj;jpd; kpif jiyaPL fhuzkhf

ntspj;js;sg;gl;lJ.jdpahu; KjyPlhdJ fle;j tUlq;fspy; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 22

rjtPjkhf njhlu;e;J fhzg;gl;lJld; 2011 ,y; 24 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J gbg;gbahf

ghpzhkk; mile;J tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid khw;wkilar; nra;Js;sJ. 2005 ,y; nkh.c.

cw;gj;jpapy; 4 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;l murhq;f KjyPlhdJ fle;j 10 tUlq;fspd;

NghJ nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; Vwf;Fiwa 6 rjtPjkhf fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;jifa

mjpfupg;ghdJ ghupastpyhd mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; KjyPlhf

,Uf;fKbAkhapDk; cz;ikahd tplak; vd;dntdpy; mj;jifa KjyPl;Lf;fhd

epahag;gLj;j KbAkhd tpistpid ve;jsT Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;.

mz;ikf;fhy nghJ KjyPLfspd; toikahd kjpg;gPlhdJ mjpf tl;b

tpfpjq;fSld; ngUkstpyhd ntspehl;Lg; gLflid nfhz;bUe;j mNjNtis>

gLfld; Rikapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ,Uz;l ke;j nghUshjhunkhd;wpid

Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

nghJg; gLfld; Kfhikj;Jtk;

74. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehq;fs; ahtUk; mwpe;jJ Nghd;W nghJg; gLfld;

Kfhikj;JtkhdJ Ngz;jF epiyapid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,Wf;fkhd

cghaq;fSld; mtruf; ftdj;jpid Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ. jw;nghOJ nghJg;

gLfldhdJ nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; tpfpjkhd Vwf;Fiwa 72 rjtPjkhff;

21  

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ru;tNjr juj;jpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l tpfpjj;jpid tpl

mjpfkhdjhFk;.

75. gLfld; Ngz;jF epiyapid ehk; vt;thW cWjpg;gLj;JNthk; vd;gJ tpil

fhzg;gl Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. murpiw Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy;

fLikahd eilKiwfis Ntz;bepw;fpd;w tuT nryTj; jpl;lg; gw;whf;Fiwapid

Fiwf;fpd;w Mw;wy; kw;Wk; mu;g;gzpg;gpy; ,jw;fhd jPu;T jq;fpAs;sJ vd;gJ

ntspg;gilahdjhFk;. gLfld; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;w Nfhl;ghlhdJ

gLfld; Nritapid jhq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAkhd kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJld; vkJ cghak;

kw;Wk; Nehf;F vd;gd midj;J re;ju;;g;gq;fspYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

mur clikj; njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;

76. gpujhd mur clikj; njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; el;lj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; ,ay;ghdJ Njrpa

tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; ghupa mOj;jj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpaJ khj;jpuky;yhky; ehl;bd;

epjp Kiwik KOtjpYk; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;epiyapid

vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhd Gjpa eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;F Kbahik Mgj;jhd Nghf;F

vd;w epiyapid mila KbAk;. ,e;jtifapy;> el;lj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; njhopy;Kaw;rpfs;

vd;w epiyapypUe;J mtw;wpid tu;j;jfuPjpapy; rf;jpkpf;f njhopy;Kaw;rpfshf

khw;Wtjw;fhd Kd;Dhpik mbg;gilapyhd kWrPuikg;G eltbf;iffspid

mwpKfg;gLj;j Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

77. ,e;j gytPdkhd epiyapid ePf;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Vw;fdNt

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nghJ njhopy;Kaw;rp mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Gjpa mikr;nrhd;wpid

cUthf;fpaik ,J njhlu;gpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l gpujhd eltbf;ifahFk;. murhq;f

njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; Kfhikj;Jt khjpupapid kPs; fl;likg;G nra;tjw;F ehk; ftdk;

nrYj;jpAs;sJld; njupT mbg;gilapy; nghJg; gad;ghLfspy; re;ij mbg;gil

tpiyaply; El;g Kiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jy;> jw;nghOJs;s Copag; gilapd;

cw;gj;jpj; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis gpd;gw;Wfpd;w mNjNtis<

Ml;Nru;g;gpidf; Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiw xj;Jiog;G cs;slq;fyhf murhq;f

njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; tpidj;jpwid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfis fz;lwpjy;

vd;gdTk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

nghUshjhuk; njhlu;ghd mgptpUj;jpfSk; Vida tplaq;fSk;

78. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> xU tUlj;jpw;F Fiwe;j Ml;rpf; fhyg;gFjpapidf;

nfhz;l vkJ fhyg;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f milnthd;whf gztPf;fj;jpid

ntw;wpnfhs;tJ fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 30 tUlj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; Kjw;

jlitahf ,t;tUlk; gzr;RUf;fnkhd;W gjpthfpAs;sJ. ,e;j tPo;r;rpahdJ

vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> fl;likg;G uPjpahd khw;wnkhd;wpid

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;epiy njhlUkhapd; gztPf;fkhdJ ,t;tUlj;jpd;

22  

,Wjpapy; 2 - 3 rjtPjkhf njhlu;e;jpUf;Fnkd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;. eLj;ju

fhyj;jpd; NghJ vkJ ,yf;fhdJ gztPf;fj;jpid fPo; kl;l xw;iw ,yf;fj;jpy;

NgZk; mNjNtis> ,e;j ,yf;fpid mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F kpfTk; Rje;jpukhf

nraw;gLk; tifapy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapid ,ayr; nra;tJk; vkJ ,yf;fhFk;.

79. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;L

tpl;Ltplg;gl;l gpur;rpidfspy; ehk; ,d;Dk; rpf;fpAs;Nshk;. ntWk; thu;j;ijfspid

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nghUshjhu nrayhw;Wif njhlu;ghd mtu;fsJ gpur;rhuk;

mf;fhyj;jpy; cr;r epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lJld; mit ntw;Wg;ghj;jpuk; ghupa rj;jj;ij

Vw;gLj;JtJ Nghd;wjhfNt khj;jpuk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j Mtzj;jpy; Vw;fdNt

Fwpg;gpl;lJNghd;W njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpgutpay; jpizf;fsk; Gjpa nghUshjhu

tsu;r;rpapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Gs;sptpguq;fis ntspapl;Ls;sJld; mit>

Kw;WKOjhf khw;wkhdnjhU Njhw;wj;jpidf; fhl;baJ. cz;ikapy;>

nghUshjhukhdJ 2013 ,y; 3.5 rjtPjj;jpdhYk; 2014 ,y; 4.5 rjtPjj;jpdhYk;

tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; ,it cUkhw;wg;gl;l Gs;sptpguq;fshf ,Ue;jJ

ftiyf;FhpajhFk;. ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> 2015 ,y; nghUshjhu tsHr;rpahdJ Vwf;Fiwa

6 rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fnkd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. vkJ milTfisAk;

ntw;wpfisAk; ehk; tpl;Ltplg; Nghtjpy;iy. Mdhy;> GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l njhopy;

Kaw;rpAld; Nghypfs; ,y;yhjhf;fg;gl;L mLj;j rpy tUlq;fspd; NghJ tUlhe;j

tsu;r;rpapid 7 - 8 rjtPjkhf khw;WtJ vkJ ,yf;fhFk;. ,e;j MtzkhdJ

milag;ngw;w tsu;r;rp kl;lq;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Vw;ghlhf miktJld;

mjw;fhd rf;jpapidAk; toq;Fk;.

80. Ntiyapd;ikr; Rl;bahdJ ehl;by; Copa rdj;njhifapy; Vwf;Fiwa 4.6 rjtPjkhf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; tajpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gFg;gha;thdJ fy;tpfw;w

Ntiyaw;w ,isQu;fs; 20 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk; cz;ikahd

epiyikia ntspf;nfhzu;e;jJ. ,J xU Mgj;jhd epiyikahFk;. ,e;epiyapid

vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F cldbahd khw;W eltbf;iffis ehk; vLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJld;

,e;epiy NkYk; Nkhrkiltjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl KbahJ. ehk; fy;tpapd;

ngWkjpapid czu;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; fy;tp juhjuq;fis

mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F KbAkhd ,isQu;fSf;fhd tha;g;GfisAk; toq;Fjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

81. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

juTfspd;gb tWikr; Rl;bahdJ 6.7 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. vt;thwhapDk;>

,yq;ifapd; tWikr; Rl;bfspy; cz;ikahd kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; gz;ghdJ

ehnshd;Wf;F 2 I.m. nlhyu;fistpl Fiwthd rk;ghj;jpaj;jpid ngUk; kf;fspd;

vz;zpf;if 20 rjtPjj;jpid mz;kpj;Js;sJld; ,jpy; ngUk;gq;F twpa

rdj;njhifapdu; vd;gJ njupate;Js;sJ. mj;jifa epiyFwpj;J ehk; jpUg;jpaila

KbAkh? ,yq;ifapy; gpwe;j midj;J gpuirfSk; czT> ciwtplk; kw;Wk;

MilNghd;w mbg;gilj; Njitfisf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rupahd jPu;Tfis

toq;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpnahd;whf njhlu;Gila gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l

23  

midthpdJk; nghWg;ghFk;. tUkhdg; gfpu;tpy; Vw;wj;jho;T fhzg;gLtJ Fwpj;J ehk;

$baftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.

82. vdNt> nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;ghdJ mgptpUj;jpr; nrad;Kiwapy;

r%fj;jpYs;s twpa gpuptpdu; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kiwik ed;whf

tbtikf;fg;gLjy; Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. ,e;j Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; rpwe;j Kiwapy;

,yf;fplg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; murhq;f epjpf;fhd VNjDk; Njitaw;w Rikapid

Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; mit fz;fhzpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. Ngz;jFepiyf;fhd Gjpa

topfisj; NjLk; r%fj;jpYs;s twpatu;fspy; rpW njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;fhd

tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mit rpWepjp ifj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F rpy

rhjfkhd tha;g;Gfis toq;FtJld; ngUkstpyhd Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhd

ghijapidf; fhl;Lnkd ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

83. MNuhf;fpakhd Njrnkhd;wpid cUthf;Fk; tifapy; ,yq;ifapd; rpWtu;fs; kw;Wk;

jha;khu;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; fLk; Nghrhf;fpd;ikia ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;

mj;jpahtrpakhdjhFk;. Rfhjhu Nritfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; Clhf nghJ

kf;fSf;fhd fy;tpapid toq;Fjy; kw;Wk; NjitAilatu;fSf;F Nghrhf;Fztpid

toq;Ftjw;fhd cWjpahd nfhs;if ,Jnjhlu;ghd Kaw;rpfis cWjpg;gLj;JtJ

mj;jpahtrpakhFk;. vkJ vOj;jwpT kl;lj;jpy; ehk; ru;tNjr juj;jpid

mile;Js;Nshk;;. njw;fhrpa ehLfspd; juTfSld; kl;Lk; vkJ Nghrhf;fpd;ik

Rl;bapid xg;gPL nra;jy;; jpUg;jpfukhdjhf mikahJ. ehk; vkJ juj;jpid

,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F ntspNa ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; xg;gpl;L Nehf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

84. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ cWjpahd nghUshjhunkhd;wpid

nfhz;LtUtJld; vkJ ntspthup epiyikapidAk; nrd;kjp epYit kPjpapidAk;

Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F kpf ePz;l J}uk; gazpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. Vw;Wkjpfis

mjpfupj;jy;> ,wf;Fkjpfisepahag;gLj;jy;;> eilKiwf; fzf;fpw;fhd Vida

cl;gha;r;ry;fis J}z;Ljy; Mfpa nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tJld; Njitahd

kWrPuikg;Gfis chpa eltbf;if gug;Gf;fspD}lhf ,r;nrad; KiwahdJ

mKy;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

85. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;ifahdJ cau; tu;j;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapidf;

nfhz;l ehnlhd;whFk;. vkJ Vw;Wkjpfs; gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rpaile;jJld; jw;nghOJ

nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 14 rjtPjk; vd;w Mgj;jhd epiyf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk;> ,wf;Fkjpfs; mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mit nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 27

rjtPjkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ehl;bd; tu;j;jfg; Nghf;fhdJ nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy;

,wf;Fkjpfs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpfspd; rjtPjk; 2000 fspd; eLg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l

Vwf;Fiwa 60 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 41 rjtPjkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,e;j

tPo;r;rpahdJ fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l FWfpa ghu;itAila

nfhs;iffshy; Vw;gl;lJld; xU jrhg;j fhykhf tpuptile;jJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu;fNs> vkJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhukhdJ jpwe;j nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspypUe;J

J}ukhfpa nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffis nfhz;Ls;sJld; gy tUlq;fshf %lg;gl;l

nghUshjhukhff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; ghjfkhd epiy

24  

Vw;Wkjpfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd Njitapid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld; kpfTk;

Gj;jhf;fkpf;f nrad;Kiwfspdhy; Kiwahf g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

86. ,wf;Fkjp nrytpdj;jpid Ngz;jF epiyahd kl;;lj;jpy; Fiwg;gjw;fhd

rhj;jpag;ghl;bid cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;ghdJ cw;gj;jp

kw;Wk; kPs; Vw;Wkjpf;fhf ,ilepiy> KjyPl;L nghUs; kw;Wk; cau;tUkhd

tFjpapdupd; Njitfs; rhu; ,wf;FkjpfisAk; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ vd;gjid ehd;

mwpNtd;. ,e;epiyikapy;>tpupthd Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijfis mile;Jnfhs;Sk;

Nehf;fj;Jld; vkJ cs;ehl;L jahupg;Gj; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; tptrha

czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpisr;rypid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Njitahd cjtpfs;

nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gNj vkJ mf;fiwahFk;.vkJ ,Wjp Nehf;fk; ahnjdpy;>

Gjpa Vw;Wkjp re;ijfis jpul;bf; nfhs;tJld; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Vw;Wkjp

re;ijfis tpupthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp nghUl;fis gd;Kfg;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis>

czT jd;dpiwtpd; Clhf ehl;bd; czTg; ghJfhg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;JtJkhFk;.

87. ntspehl;L Copa tUkhdk; ehl;bd; nrd;kjp epYit kPjpapy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid

tfpf;fpd;wJ. murhq;fk; vd;w tifapy; vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpid ];jpug;gLj;Jtjw;F

jkJ fLikahd ciog;gpd; %yk; ngWfpd;w tUkhdj;jpid vkf;F

mDg;gpitf;fpd;w ntspehLfspy; gzpahw;Wfpd;w ,yq;ifau;fs; midtUf;Fk;

kpfTk; ed;wp$w flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. mNjNtis> vt;tpj epge;jidfSk; ,d;wp

mtu;fsJ gq;fspg;gpid ghuhl;Lfpd;w mNjNtis> vkJ jha;khu;fs;> rNfhjupfs;

kw;Wk; ngz; gps;isfis jpwikaw;w Copau;fshf kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F

mDg;gpitg;gjid Fiwg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis ehk; Kd;ndLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mj;jifa ,lk;ngau; Copaj; Njitf;fhd khw;Wtopahf vkJ nrhe;j ehl;by;

Ntiytha;g;Gfis cUthf;Fjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

Nehf;fj;jpid mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F midj;J topfisAk; ehk; fz;lwpjy; Ntz;Lk;.

vkJ Copau;fspd; jpwd; Mw;wypid tpUj;jpnra;Ak; Kaw;rpapy; khw;W cghakhf

,yq;iff;F ntspNa njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fhf mjpf Mw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpfisg;

ngw;wtu;fs; kw;Wk; mDg;gpitf;fg;gLtu;. mj;jifa eilKiwahdJ ntspehl;L

njhopy;tha;g;gpid vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk; gyUf;F ngWkjp Nru;g;ghf mikAnkd;gjpy;

vt;tpj re;NjfKkpy;iy.

88. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapid Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT

<l;bj;jUtJld; nghUshjhur; nraw;ghLfis Cf;Ftpj;J ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid ePq;fs; ed;F mwptPu;fs;.

vkJ ehL Rw;Wyh ikankhd;W vd;w tifapy; KOikahd Mw;wy;fisAk;

nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;gjid ehk; czu;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jw;nghOJ ,lk;ngw;Wf;

nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;d vd;gjid ehk; kpfTk; Mokhf Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.

Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpd; rpW gps;isj;jdkhd ntWk; RNyhfq;fs; khj;jpuk; vk;ik

cyf juj;jpw;F cau;j;jf;$ba Rw;Wyh ikankhd;whf khw;Wtjw;F cjt khl;lhJ.

jw;nghOJ ehk; mq;Fkpq;Fk; miye;J jphptjid epWj;jptpl;L ,yq;ifapid “,e;J

rKj;jpuj;jpd; Kj;J” vd;w mbg;gilahd epiyf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhd tplaq;fspy;

25  

ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,j;njhopw; Jiwapid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd rpwe;j

nfhs;if Ntiyr; rl;lfnkhd;wpid ehk; jahupf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak;

fhzg;gLtJld; tuyhw;W Gfo;kpf;f Guhjdr; rpd;dq;fs; kw;Wk; tdg;Gkpf;f

fhl;rpfisf; nfhz;l rpwg;Gkpf;f vkJ ehl;bd; vd;dpylq;fhj Mw;wy;fis fz;lwpa

Ntz;bAs;sJ.

89. ntspehl;L Neub KjyPLfspd; nrayhw;Wif fle;j jrhg;jq;fspd; NghJ

ke;jepiyapy; fhzg;gl;lJld; %d;W jrhg;j cs;ehl;L gpzf;F KbTf;Ff;

nfhz;Ltug;gl;l gpd;dzpapy; $l ehk; vkJ Mw;wy;fistpl fPo; epiyapy;

,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. fle;j gj;J tUlq;fspd; NghJ Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 919 kpy;ypad; I.m.

nlhyiu khj;jpuk; ehk; ngw;wpUg;gJld;> fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; murpay; ,af;fj;jpd;

%yk; ru;tNjr jiytu;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l thu;j;ij [hyq;fspd; %yk;

ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;ifahdJ myq;fupf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,J gy;NtW

fz;Nzhl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; KOikahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahjjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf>

Vw;Wkjp tsu;r;rpf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; mNjNtis> cs;ehl;L Nrkpg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk;

gw;whf;Fiwapd; mbg;gilapy; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapid NgZtjw;F Njitahd

KjyPl;L kl;lj;jpid mjpfupg;gjw;F ntspehl;L KjyPl;L gha;r;rypid

cUthf;Ffpd;w gLfldw;w epiyapid ftu Ntz;bAs;sJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu;fNs> ngUk;ghyhd Mrpa ehLfspd; nghUshjhuq;fs; Fwpg;ghf ePz;lfhy

cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpypUe;J kPz;l ehLfs; ntspehl;L Neub KjyPLfspd; mjpfupg;Gf;

fhuzkhf nghUshjhu RgPl;rj;jpw;fhd ghijapid mikj;jJ. ehk; Vw;fdNt

gpd;jq;fpa ehL vd;w tifapy; jilfis cilj;njwpe;J nghUshjhuj;jpid

cau;j;Jfpd;w KjyPl;lhsu;fis mioj;J nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp tpfpjj;jpid

Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;F jw;nghOJ rpwe;j re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

90. ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lj;Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpia ,t;thW J}z;Ljy; ,yq;ifapd;

me;epar; nryhtzp xJf;Ffis ngUf;Ftjw;F toptFg;gJld; ehza khw;Wr;

re;ijapy; &ghit cWjpg;gLj;jTk; toptFf;Fk;.

91. cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Nkk;ghlhdJ mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis mile;Jnfhs;tjw;F kpf

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Kd;Ndw;w Nghf;fpy; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nritfs;

Jiwfspy; cw;gj;jpj;jpwid mjpfupf;fpd;w mNjNtis> tptrhaj;Jiwf;F tpNrl

ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

92. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ ehl;bd; ntw;wpf;fhd

kpfTk; Kf;fpakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jtifapy; kpf Kf;fpa Jiwapd;

mgptpUj;jpf;F $ba ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

njhopy;Kaw;rp Jiwapd; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpf;fhd gq;fspg;G Vwf;Fiwa 70 rjtPjkhff;

fhzg;gLtJ jpUg;jpfukhf ,Ug;gpDk;;> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F cjTk; tifapy;

,j;Jiwapd;ghy; $ba ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>

fle;j fhyj;jpd; murhq;f epWtdq;fs; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd

njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf toq;fpa xj;Jiog;G Nghjpajhff;

fhzg;glhjJld; jdpahu; JiwahdJ ,j;Jiwapd; tsu;r;rpf;F NghjpasT

26  

xj;Jiog;G toq;fpAs;sjidAk; ehd; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfisg; nghWj;jtiu fle;j murhq;fk; NghjpasT ftdk;

nrYj;jpajh vd;w tplak; njsptw;wjhf fhzg;gLtJld; mj;Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpf;F

kpff; Fiwe;jsT gq;fspg;gpidNa toq;fpAs;sJ.

93. tpijfs; kw;Wk; ehw;Wg; nghUs;fspd;; juk;> Fiwe;j El;gKiw> tpupthf;fy;

Nritfs; fhzg;glhik> mWtilf;Fg; gpd;duhd mjpfupj;j el;lk;> Fiwe;j gz;iz

tpiyfs; mNjNghd;W> fsQ;rpa kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; trjpfs; fhzg;glhik

Nghd;w gpur;rpidfspd; fhuzkhf tptrha cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila

tpisTfs; gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tptrhaj; Jiwapid tpUj;jp

nra;tjw;F cjTnjhiffis toq;Ftjd; %yk; ehl;by; ngUksT KjyPLfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld; Kf;fpakhd Njitfs; kw;Wk; jw;nghOJ epyTfpd;w

FiwghLfis tpQ;Qhd uPjpahf Ma;T nra;a Ntz;baJ kpf Kf;fpakhd

tplakhFk;. mj;jifa nrad;Kiw xd;wpd; %yk; tptrha r%fj;jpd; tho;f;ifj;

juj;jpid NkYk; juKau;j;j KbAk; vd ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

94. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>,yF ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpfspid cau; njhopy;El;g

cw;gj;jpfshf khw;Wfpd;w ngWkjp Nrh;g;gpy; jahupg;Gj; Jiwapd; cau;ju Nkk;ghl;bd;

kPJ epiyNgWila ifj;njhopy; nfhs;ifapid typAWj;j Ntz;ba Njit

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.njhopy;El;gj;jpid gpd;gw;Wjy; mNjNghd;W Gjpa topKiwfis

mwpKfg;gLj;jy; vd;gd Kiwahd Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpapdhy; gyg;gLj;j

Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; ftdpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L ghupa njhopy;Kaw;rpfSld; ,izf;Fk;

tifapy; trjpaspf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. ,J ghupa toq;fy; rq;fpyp %yk;

cs;thq;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. toq;fy; njhlu;

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nfhs;iffs; Nghl;bj;jd;ik

kpf;f epiyapypUe;J mLj;j kl;lj;jpw;F vkJ ifj;njhopy;fis juKau;j;Jk;

tifapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. cupa trjpfis toq;fp cs;ehl;L

Kaw;rpahz;ikfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjd; Clhf cs;ehl;L ifj;njhopy;fis

Kd;Ndw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mtu;fs; ftdk; vLj;Js;shu;.

95. Ez;ghf epjpj; JiwahdJ epjpapay; uPjpahf rpwpa kl;l njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;F

cjtp toq;Ftjw;fhd kpf Kf;fpa nghUshjhu mk;rkhf cUthf;fg;gl

Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpwpa epjpj; JiwahdJ fle;j rpy tUlq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd;

nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;bw;F Ez;epjpj;Jiwapd; gq;fspg;ghdJ tWikiaf; Fiwg;gjpy;

xU Neu;f;fzpa jiyaPl;bid ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; rhjfkhd

mgptpUj;jp NkYk; mjpfupf;Fk; tifapy; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;Dhpik

mbg;gilapy; rpW epjpj; JiwahdJ xOq;FgLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba Njit

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

96. tpNrlkhf re;ij jhuhskakhf;fy; mwpKfg;gLj;jy; rpwpastpyhd gy;NtW

NritfspypUe;J jfty; njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; epjpr; Nritfs; Nghd;w cau; ngWkjp

Nru;f;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; cau; njhopy;El;g Mw;wypidf; nfhz;l cau;e;j

27  

nraw;ghLfspid mwpKfg;gLj;jypd; %yk; Nritfs; Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk;

mjd; jd;ik vd;gd fle;j fhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT khw;wj;jpw;F

cs;shfpAs;sd. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; Fwpg;ghf JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiyaq;fs;

njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfs;> Rw;Wyhj;Jiw> jfty; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly;

Nghd;w Jiwfspy; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;Gfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. kpf

ePz;l fhykhf tpahghu eltbf;iffSf;fhf ntspahu; Nritapid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sy; (Business Process Outsourcing - BPO) vd;w tplak; fhzg;gLtJld;

,j;JiwahdJ tUlj;jpw;F tUlk; tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. MapDk;> ,j;Jiwapy;

vkJ Copau;fsJ cau;e;j Mw;wy; cyf juj;jpd; msTf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT

fhzg;glhjJld; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpf;F ,j;JiwahdJ NghjpasT gq;fspg;gpidAk;

toq;ftpy;iy.

97. Ntiyapd;ikr; Rl;bahdJ njhlu;e;J Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;ljd; mbg;gilapy;

Copa cw;gj;jpj;jpwid mjpfupg;gJk; %yjdr; nrwpit mjpfupg;gJk;

mtrpakhdjhFk;. %yjdr; nrwpit mjpfupf;Fk; nghOJ jdpahu; Jiwapd;

gq;fspg;G kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. njhopypd;ik kw;Wk; Copag; gilapd; gq;Fgw;wy;

vd;gtw;iw Nehf;Fk; nghOJ ngz;fspd; rdj;njhif rkkw;w Kiwapy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdNt> ,e;j rkepiyaw;w ghjpg;Gf;F jPu;thf rpWtu; guhkupg;G

trjpfis mjpfupj;jy; kw;Wk; ek;gf;$ba nghJNghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; Nghd;w

Nritfis toq;Ftjpd;ghy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;ifapd;

nghUshjhuj;jpid tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; toq;Ffpd;w cau;e;j

gq;fspg;G ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk;. MfNt ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij

Kd;Ndw;Wk; Kfkhf vkJ jha;khu; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpfisj; njhlu;e;Jk;

NgZtjw;fhd mtu;fSf;F mjpfgl;r trjpfisr; nra;tjw;F cupa toptiffisf;

fz;lwpa Ntz;bAs;sJ.

98. fle;j If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murhq;fj;jpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; goikahd njhopy;

rl;lq;fs; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;wthW jpUg;jpaikf;fg;gl;lJ. vt;thwhapDk;>

eilKiwapYs;s rl;lk; kw;Wk; r%f jilfspdhy; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; jpwd;fs;

kw;Wk; Njitg;gLk; jpwd;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; mrhjhuz epiy fhuzkhf

njhopy; epfo;r;rpj; jd;ikahdJ fPo; kl;lj;jpNy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fy;tp

kWrPuikg;Gf;fspd; Clhf Gjpa ghltpjhdq;fs; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLtjpD}lhf ,t;

mrhjhuz epiyikfSf;fpilapy; xU ,zf;fg;ghl;il cUthf;Fk; eltbf;iffis

fy;tprhH ty;Ydu;fsplj;jpy; rhl;lg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. mNjNghy; ,yq;ifapd; jfty;

njhopy;El;gj; Jiwapy; mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s Kd;Ndw;wj;Jld; mj;Jiwapy;

Vw;gl;Ls;s vjph;kiw fhuzpfs; njhlu;ghf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

99. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf tpNrl jpwd;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fis njhopy;gilapDs;

cs;thq;Ftjw;fhf ngsjPf cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; kw;Wk; r%fg; nghUshjhu

eilKiwfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Njitg;gLtJ

vd;dntd;why; tpNrl jpwd;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fSf;F epiyahd njhopy;

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tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F mtrpakhd cupa eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;tNj md;wp Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; tpepNahfpg;gjy;y.

100. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ePq;fs; mwpe;jjd; gb Ml;rpapypUe;j midj;J

murhq;fq;fSk; fy;tp njhlu;ghf gy nfhs;iffis mKy;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk;> nghUshjhuj;jpd; tsu;r;rp epiyikia njhlu;e;Jk; epiyahfg;

NgZtjw;F mtrpakhd kdpj tsj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;fhf ,yq;iff; fy;tp

Kiwikapy; KOikahdnjhU etPdkakhf;fy; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp

KiwahdJ rpwhu;fspd; tho;f;ifj;jpwd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhd rpe;jid

rf;jpia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; guPl;iriaf; Nfe;jpukhff;

nfhz;l ghltpjhdq;fSf;F khw;wkhf jifikfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

ghltpjhdq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf rPu; nra;ag;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Fiwe;j trjpfisf;

nfhz;l ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;F rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf

mj;jpahtrpa ghlq;fSf;fhd Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; mg;ghlrhiyfspd;

Jg;guNtw;ghl;L trjpfs; thrpfrhiy kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd Ma;T$lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;

FiwghLfs; njhlu;gpy; Jupj ftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

101. fle;j fhyq;fspy; fy;tpj;Jiw njhlu;ghf mur KjyPlhdJ njhlu;e;Jk;

Fiwtile;J nrd;wik rpwg;ghdnjhU tplaky;y. ,t; vjpu;kiw epiyik njhlu;ghf

kPsha;T nra;tjw;Fhpa fhyk; kyh;e;Js;snjd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu;fNs> khztu;fSf;F khj;jpuky;yhky; tpidj;jpwdhd kw;Wk; nraw;jpwdhd

Nritahsu;fis vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; njhopy; nfhs;NthUf;F chpa khw;wj;ij

cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; vkJ ey;yhl;rp

muRf;F ,aYik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

102. ,isQu;fsplj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; njhopypd;ik kw;Wk; fPo; ciog;G vd;gtw;iwf;

Fiwf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; gl;ljhupfspd; jifikfs; kw;Wk; njhopw;re;ijapd; Njitfs;

vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; rkkpd;ikia ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhf ,yq;ifapd;

gy;fiyf;fof cau; fy;tp fl;likg;Gf;Fk; chpa rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

103. khwptUk; rdj;njhif fl;likg;ghdJ mjpfupj;JtUk; tNahjpg rdj;njhiff;F

mtrpakhd trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNjhL KOikahd Rfhjhu NritfspdJk;

mgptpUj;jpia Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ. ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L

Kjpu;tile;JtUk; kdpjts njhFjpia chpa Kiwapy; ehl;bd; eyDf;F

gad;gLj;jf;$ba Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W cUthf;fg;gLtNjhL mtu;fsJ tpUg;G

ntWg;Gf;fSk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mNjNghy; milahsk; fhzg;glhJ

gutptUk; rpWePuf Neha; Jupjkhf mjpfupj;JtUk; Gw;WNeha; kw;Wk; ngUfptUk;

nlq;F Nghd;w Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cupa eltbf;ifSk; vLf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp mtu;fs; mjpfupj;J tUk; rpWePuf Nehapid

,y;yhnjhopj;J ,e;Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F ,j;Jd;gj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy

mspg;gjw;F mu;g;gzpg;Gld; mauhJ cioj;J tUfpd;whu;.

29  

104. ke;jfjpapy; ,lk;ngw;WtUk; rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp fhuzkhf cUthfptUk; KjpNahu;

rdj;njhifapdhy; Vw;gl;Ls;s rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F ePz;lfhyf;

fz;Nzhl;lj;Jld; Rfhjhu Nritapid etPdkag;gLj;JtNjhL ftHr;rpfukhd

Xa;t+jpa Kiwiknahd;Wk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. jdpahu;

njhopyhsu;fSf;F xU Xa;t+jpa Kiwiknahd;W cUthf;fg;gLtjd; NjitahdJ

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Vnddpy; mjd;%yk; KjpNahu;fs; njhlu;gpy; vjpu;fhyj;jpy;

Vw;glf;$ba gpur;rpidfis Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ vjpu;fhyj;ij

ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; cjTk;.

105. ,yq;if rdj;njhif fl;likg;gpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;Jld; Kjpatu;fs; kw;Wk;

MAl;fhy vjpu;ghu;f;ifapy; Vw;gl;LtUk; mjpfhpg;G kw;Wk; Xa;TngWk; rdj;njhifapd;

Njitfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpa khw;W Kiwikfs;

cUthf;FtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; Fiwe;j tl;b tPjq;fs;

kw;Wk; Xa;t+jpaf;fhuu;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhNdhu; tl;b tUkhdj;ij ek;gpapUg;gjd;

fhuzkhf ,g;Gjpa Kiwikfs; cUthf;fg;gLtij Jhpjkhf Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.

106. rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;LtUk; r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfs; fhuzkhf

fhykhw;wj;NjhL rpwe;j juj;jpyhd tpiyf;F thq;ff;$ba tPLfspd; NjitAk;

mjpfupj;Js;sJ. tpNrlkhf nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; cs;ehl;L Fbngau;T fhuzkhf

,J ngUk; rpf;fyhd epiyikiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpapd;

Kd;ida Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; tpNrlkhf fhyQ;nrd;w uzrpq;f gpNukjhr [dhjpgjp

mtu;fs; kf;fSf;F tPLfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpy; kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj;jpdhu;.

mr;nray; Kiwia kPz;Lk; Muk;gpf;ff; fpilj;jijapl;L kpfTk; kfpo;r;rp

milfpNwd;.

107. eLj;jukl;l tUkhdk; ciog;Nghu;fspd; tPl;Lj; NjitahdJ gy tUlq;fshf

mjpfupj;Jr; nrd;Ws;sJ. mjp$ba tpiy fhuzkhf jdpahu; Jiwapdhy;

mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; tPl;Lj; jpl;lq;fspypUe;J cupa tPLfis ,tu;fshy; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjpy; ,ayhj tplakhFk;. MfNt> eLj;ju tUkhd tFjpapdUf;F trjpnra;J

nfhLf;Fk; Kfkhf fpuaj;ijj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba kl;lj;jpyhd tPl;Lj;

jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; murhq;fj;jpd; jiyaPL ,d;wpaikahjJ. ,J mur

jdpahu; gq;Flikahf mKy;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;.

108. mNj Nghy; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; kpd;rhuk;> FbePu; tpepNahfk;> tbfhyikg;G kw;Wk;

foptfw;wy;> njhiyj;njhlu;G> ,izajs trjpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy; Mfpad

etPd nghUshjhunkhd;W tpidj;jpwdhfTk; nraw;jpwdhfTk; nraw;gLtjw;F

NghJkhdjd;W MfNt> Nky; khfhzj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nkw;$wg;gl;l FiwghLfis

eptu;j;jp nra;A Kfkhf khefuf; Nfhl;ghldhJ ("Magapolis") chpa jPu;thff; fUj

KbAk;.

109. tpidj;jpwdw;w nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiw fhuzkhf Fiwe;j gpuahzpfisf; nfhz;l

jdpahu; thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; thfd neupry; mjpfupj;J

mJ Fbj;njhFjpapy; kw;Wk; KOg; nghUshjhuj;jpdJk; vhpnghUSf;fhd tpuaj;ij

mjpfupj;Js;sNjhL Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd kdpj kzpj;jpahyq;fis tPzhf;Ffpd;wJ.

30  

cau; juj;jpyhd kw;Wk; ek;gfkhd nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J trjp fhzg;glhikapdhy;

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSf;fhf mjp$ba KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; njhlu;e;Jk;

thfd neupry; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt jw;NghJ efug; gpuNjrq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; tPjpg;

Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; Gifapujg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwia Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; cupa

eltbf;ifis vLg;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fle;j

murhq;fj;jpdhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l murhq;fj;jpd; gpujhd mgptpUj;jp

msTNfhyhff; fhzg;gl;l gpujhd tPjpfs; kw;Wk; jhu; ,lg;gl;l tPjp tiyaikg;G

khj;jpuk; ehl;bd; Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpia kjpg;gPL nra;a KbahJ. kpfTk;

gpujhd tplak; vd;dntdpy; jdpg;gl;l thfdq;fspd; ghtidia Fiwg;gjw;F

ehl;bd; midj;J kf;fSk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwik

cUthf;fg;gLtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

110. cgha uPjpahd ,yq;ifapd; miktplk; kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpaile;J tUk; ru;tNjr

njhlu;G vd;gtw;iwf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk; ,lj;J cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis

tpidj;jpwdhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; jdpahu; Jiw tu;j;jf eltbf;iffs;

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtJ ,f;fhyj;jpw;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. fly;fle;J jkJ

Nritfis tpupTgLj;jf;$ba epjp epWtdq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F jdpahu; Jiw

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; jpwd;fisf; nfhz;l njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fs;

cUthf;fg;gLtNjhL mJ nghUshjhu eltbf;ifspd; mjpfupg;Gf;Fk; Mjutspf;Fk;.

mNjNtis> epjpg;gha;r;riy Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; cyfshtpa tu;j;jf

ikankhd;W mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L nraw;gLtjw;F mtrpakhd rl;luPjpahd

trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;. fhytjpahd nghUshjhu Nju;TfspypUe;J tpyfp gy

mgptpUj;jpaile;j kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfspdhy; ntw;wpfukhf

iff;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s Gjpa kw;Wk; El;gkhd Kiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fupa fhyk;

,JthFk;.

111. mgptpUj;jpj; Njitfs; kPjhd fz;Nzhl;lkhdJ Rw;whlYld; ,ize;J nry;yy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,jdbg;gilapNy midj;J cl;fl;likg;G fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; mKyhf;fypd;

Kd; Njitahd cupa Rw;whly; njhlu;ghd mDkjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf rpwe;jnjhU nghwpKiwapid cUthf;Ftjd; mtrpak;

NjitNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. gy ghupa fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; R+oy; kw;Wk; R+oypaay;

gpur;rpidfs; rupahd Kiwapy; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gjw;Fk; ehk; gy cjhuzq;fis

epYitahf itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

112. epiy epw;Fk; mgptpUj;jp nra;Kiw njhlu;gpy; Rw;whlYf;F cfe;jJk;

tpidj;jpwdhdJkhd rf;jp ghtidia Cf;Ftpg;gJk; vkJ typAWj;jyhf

mikfpwJ. kpd;tY Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila Jiwfspy; fzpa vz;nza;

mbg;gilapyhd rf;jp gad;ghl;bw;F gjpyhf etPd njhopy;El;gq;fis gad;gLj;jp

R+upaxsp kw;Wk; capupay; jpz;kf;fopTfs; mbg;gilapyhd rf;jp toq;fiy

gad;gLj;Jtjid mjpfupj;jy; ,d;wpaikahjJ.

31  

Gjpa nghUshjhu xOq;F

113. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,t; murhq;fj;jpw;F Nkw;$wg;gl;l gpur;rpidfis

jPu;g;gjpy; kw;Wk; ,tw;wpy; gytw;iw ehl;bd; vjpu;fhyg; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f

mgptpUj;jpf;FupaxU cWjpahd mbg;gilapid cUthf;FtjpYk; nghWg;gpidf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ij kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ehk;

fLikahf ciof;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. vkJ ,yf;fhdJ njupTr; Rje;jpuj;jpid

nghUl;gLj;jf; $ba tifapy;nghUshjhu rdehafj;Jld; $ba ngWkjp Nru;g;G

kw;Wk; Gjpa tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;.

114. ehq;fs; Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; ru;tNjr Rl;bfspy; ,yq;ifapid

Kd;Ndw;wfukhd epiyapy; gpujpgypf;ff; $baJ. ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd;

epiyia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F tpahghuk; nra;Ak; Rl;b (Doing Business Index)>

cyfshtpa Nghl;bj;jd;ik Rl;b (Global Competitiveness Index)> cyfshtpa GJik

cUthf;Fk; Rl;b (Global Innovation Index)> tiygpd;dy; jahu; epiy Rl;b (Network

Readiness Index) kw;Wk; cyfshtpa nghUshjhu mwpf;if (Global Economic Report)

vd;gtw;wpy; vkJ epiyia Nkk;gLj;JtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

115. Mifahy; murhq;fkhdJ re;ij Nehf;fpa nfhs;iffis gpd;gw;wp jdpahu;Jiw

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffSf;F trjpaspj;jy; kw;Wk; re;ij nghUshjhuj;jpd;

rpwg;ghd nraw;ghl;bw;F ,ilA+whf cs;s gy;NtWgl;l jilfis ePf;FtjpYk;

murhq;fk; KOikahf mu;g;gzpj;Js;sJ. murhq;fj;jpd; Gjpa nghUshjhu

xOq;fhdJ ,e;j tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWtNjhL kw;Wk;

fle;j fhy jtWfs; kw;Wk; gf;fr; rhu;GfspypUe;J tpyfp ,jid g+r;rpaj;ij

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l jsj;jpypUe;J jahupg;gijapl;L kfpo;r;rp milfpd;Nwd;.

116. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehq;fs; gy ,oe;j tha;g;Gf;fisf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. fhyQ;nrd;w nfsut ll;yp Nrdhehaf;f mtu;fs; tlf;ifAk;

njw;ifAk; ,izf;Fk; tifapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F xUghijia epu;khzpg;gjw;Fupa

mgptpUj;jpia nfhz;bUe;jhu;. Mdhy; khw;W topahf kf;fSf;F muprp toq;Ftjid

tpUk;gpapUe;jhu;. 1967 ,y; “Mrpahd;” (ASEAN) mikg;gpy; cWg;Gupik ngWtjw;fhd

tha;g;gpid ,yq;iff;F jl;by; itj;J toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu;fs;> Mrpahd; khehl;by; gq;FngWk; Nehf;Fld; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;j

NghJk; rpy ,lJrhup fl;rpfspd; vjpu;g;gpdhy; mjid iftpl;L jpUk;gpdhu;. gpd;duhd

fhyg;gFjpapy; cau;epiyahd ,e;j gpuhe;jpa mikg;gpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw Kaw;rp

nra;ag;gl;l NghJk; mJ ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ tUe;jjf;fjhFk;. ,t;thW gy

re;ju;g;gq;fis ehd; vLj;J $w KbAk; vd;gJld; ,tw;wpypUe;J ehk; frg;ghd

ghlq;fis fw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.

117. ehq;fs; NkYk; mj;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fis jtwtpLk; epiyapy; ,y;iy. ehq;fs; ,d;W

rku;g;gpj;jitfs; toq;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwhk; vd;gJld; kfpo;r;rpAk;

RgPl;rKk; cila xU vjpu;fhyj;jpid vjpu; Nehf;fpAs;Nshk;. vkJ mu;g;gzpg;ghd

Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gJ vJtpj NtWghLk; mw;wthW rfy ,yq;ifau;fSf;Fk; rpwe;j xU

32  

vjpu;fhyj;jpid toq;FtjhFk;. vkJ jha;ehl;bdJk; vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdJk; eyidf;

fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ehk; ahtUk; xUkpj;J Kd;elg;Nghk;.

118. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s vkJ epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis

Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;F Njitahd jiyikj;Jtj;jpid toq;Ftjw;F vq;fshy;

KbAk; vd;gJld; mjw;F ehk; jahuhf ,Ug;gJld; tpUg;gKk; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. fle;j

fhyq;fis kwe;J ,e;j Kf;fpakhd gzpapy; xd;wpize;J nraw;gLNthk;.

119. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp> nfsut gpujk ke;jpup> Vida mikr;ruit

rfhf;fs; kw;Wk; vkJ murhq;fk; rhu;gpy; ehd; vkJ jhafj;jpid RgPl;rk; Nehf;fpa

ghijapy; Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;F xd;wpidAkhW gy;NtW murpay; fl;rpfspd;

Mjuthsu;fSf;Fk; el;Gf;fuk; ePl;Lfpd;Nwd;. ehd; vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; rupahd

epiyikfis njspTgLj;jpAs;Nsd;. tUlq;fshf epyTk; ,e;j rPuopT epiyapypUe;J

kPSifg; ngWtjw;F ehk; xd;wpidahJ tpbd; ehk; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;tjw;fhd

tha;g;Gfs; Nja;tilAk;. “,Ul;bidr; rgpg;gjid tpLj;J xU nkOFtu;j;jpapid

xspNaw;wp ,Ul;bid tpsf;fp tpLNthk;”.

120. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; fd;dp tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;Ls;s

Kd;nkhopTfis Kd;itg;gjw;F tpUk;GfpNwd;. vkJ murhq;fk; ,d> kj my;yJ

r%f ,ila+Wfis fisAk; murhq;fkhfTk; ,yq;if rdehaf Nrhryprf;

Fbaurpd; ed;dpiyf;fhf xw;Wikahf mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gLk; xU murhq;fkhfTk;

cs;sJ.

   

33  

tuT nryTj;jpl;lg; gpNuuizfs;

rpwpa> eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfis Cf;Ftpj;jy;

121. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehl;bd; Ez;> rpwpa> eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd;

Kf;fpaj;JtkhdJ> mt;tpahghuq;fshdJ Ntiytha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;Fk; NghJk;>

tUkhd tpepNahfj;jpd; Nghjhd gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;T fhzy; Nghd;wdtw;wpd;

NghJk; gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpapd; NghJk;> r%f xd;wpizg;gpd; NghJk; ngUk;

gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,d;W Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Jiw vkJ

nghUshjhu cghaq;fspy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wd. nghUshjhuj;jpy;; ngUk;

gq;iff;; nfhz;Ls;s gpujhd Jiwfshf kuj; jsghlq;fs;> jfty; njhopy;El;gk;> ghy;

rhh;e;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lk;> czTf; ifj;njhopy;> fha;fwpfs;>

goq;fs;> ed;dPh; kPd; tsh;g;G> moFf; fiy> myq;fhu kPd; tsh;g;G Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d

JiwfNs tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

122. Ez;> rpwpa> kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; gq;fspg;G

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jhYk; $l> ,j;njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fs; %yjdj;jpidAk;>

flidAk;> ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfspd; fhuzkhf

,t;tpahghuj;jpid tphptilar; nra;jyhdJ> rpukkhd xU tplakhf cs;sJ. vdNt>

vkJ murhq;fk; ,j;njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fspd; tsh;r;rpapd; NghJ gq;fhsh;fshtjw;F

ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. vdNt> Vw;fdNt vk;khy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;

Kaw;rpahsh;fspd; xl;L nkhj;jg; gpur;rpidfisAk; cs;slf;ff; $ba tifapy; mit

njhlh;ghd nfhs;ifnahd;W jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNeuk; Ez; epjp th;j;jfj;jpid

eph;tfpg;gjw;fhf> ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rl;l %yk; xd;W rkh;g;gpf;fg;glTs;sNjhL>

,j;Jiwapid xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd xOq;F Kiw mjpfhu

rignahd;W ];jhgpf;fg;gLk;. mNj Nghy rfy Ez; epjp epWtdq;fSk; ,t;tjpfhu

rigapd; fPo; xU myFf;F &gh 25>000/= tPjk; tUlhe;jf; fl;lzj;Jf;Fg; gjpT

nra;a Ntz;Lnkdg; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;. nfsut gpujkh; mth;fshy; 2015 etk;gh; khjk; 05

Mk; jpfjp Kd; itf;fg;gl;l nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;lthW rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

mstpyhd tpahghug; gphptpdhy; Kfq; nfhLf;fg;gLk; gpur;rpidfSf;F MNyhridf;

FOnthd;W ];jhgpf;fg;gLk;. mNj Nghy> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd tpahghug;

gphptpd; vjph;fhy eltbf;iffs; mth;fspd; ghpe;Jiufis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;.

123. ,j;Jiwapy; fhzg;gLk; cah;thd eph;thfr; nryT kw;Wk; ,lh; fhuzkhf Ez;>

rpwpa> kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F jw;NghJ cs;s tq;fpfs;

cs;slq;fyhf epjp epWtdq;fspdhy; fld; toq;Fk; NghJ mjpf tpUg;gf; FiwT

fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. mNj Nghd;W jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; epjp epWtdq;fs; gpizia

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L epjpapay; njhlh;ghf mjpf ek;gpf;if itg;gjdhy; Gjpa

njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSk;> jw;NghJ cs;s njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSk; ,g;gpizia

toq;f Kbahj epiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> 2016 Mk; mz;by; murhq;fj;jpdhy;

toq;fg;gl;l &gh 500 kpy;ypad; mbg;gilj; njhifnahd;iw njhpT nra;ag;gl;l epjp

epWtdq;fspd; cjtpAld; Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F

fld; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

34  

,g;gpNuuizj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; flidr; nrYj;j Kbahj re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mbg;gilf;

fld; njhifapy; 75 rjtPjkhd flDf;F cj;juthjkspf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk;

,j;Jiwapy; njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F xg;gPl;lstpy; kypthd ePz;l fhy

epge;jidfspd; fPo; gjpy; epjp epWtdj;jpw;Fg; gpuNtrpg;gjw;fhd trjpfs;

tphpthf;fg;gLk;. ,J njhlh;ghf ,j;Jiwf;F rYif mbg;gilapyhd tl;b tPjj;jpd; fPo;

epjp trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cjtp toq;Ftjw;F If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;

100 kpy;ypad; fld; thpirnahd;W Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F

vkf;F tha;g;Gf; fpilj;Js;sJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpf;F cjTtjw;fhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; nrsghf;a jpl;lk;

kw;Wk; tWik xopg;G Ez;-epjpf; fUj;jpl;lk; Mfpa fld; gpNuuizj; jpl;lq;fs; ghhpa

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd trjpaspg;nghd;whf mjDld; ,izf;fg;gLk;.

124. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F ,d;W

fhzg;gLk; nghJthd xU epjp Kiwahf gpizia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gLfld;

epjpaPl;bidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. MapDk;> tpahghukhdJ kpf tpN~lkhd

mgpg;gpuhaq;fSld; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjdhy;> gpizahf itf;ff; $ba msTf;F

njhl;Lzuf; $ba nrhj;Jf;fs; mth;fsplkpy;iy. vdNt> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;

Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F mtrpakhd gq;Fhpik epjpaPl;L trjpfis toq;Ftjw;fhf tq;fpg;

ghJfhg;Gf; fk;gdp> Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak;> Copah; ek;gpf;if epjpak; kw;Wk;

ntspehl;L epjpia cs;slf;fpa “epjpaj;jpd; epjp” apid ];jhgpg;gjd; Clhf tpahghu

%yjdg; gpuNtrj;jpw;F Muk;gk; xd;wpid toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,q;F

ehd; ,jw;fhd epjp cjtpapid toq;FkhW rh;tNjr epjpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jplKk;> Mrpa

mgptpUj;jp tq;fpaplKk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. mNjNghd;W> jdpahh; Jiw

tpahghuq;fSf;Fk; ,e;epjpaj;jpy; gq;Nfw;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

,e;epjpaj;jpd; Clhf nghWg;G tha;e;j tpahghu %yjdf; fk;gdpfSf;F Fiwthd

jpUk;gnyhd;W fpilf;ff; $ba tifapy; fld; trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. mjd; gpufhuk;>

mt;tpahghuf; fk;gdpfspdhy; ,r;rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd njhopy;

Kaw;rpfSf;F mtrpakhd gq;Fhpik KjyPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,g;gq;Fhpik

KjyP;LfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhd ngWNgWfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F

mtrpakhd tsh;r;rpia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,f;fk;gdpfspdhy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F mtrpakhfTs;s Nritfshd epjpj; jpl;lkply;> jfty;

njhopy;El;gk;> re;ijg;gLj;jy; cghaq;fs; Nghd;wd toq;fg;gLk;. ,g;g+h;thq;f

Ntiyfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd %yjdf; fk;gdpfSf;fhd epWtd tUkhd

thp 5 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F 50 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J

2016 Vg;uy; 01 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;;.

125. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rpwpa ifj;njhopy; g+q;fhf;fis nkhduhfiy> Gj;jsk;>

aho;g;ghzk;> td;dp kw;Wk; mk;ghiw Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; ];jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,r;nraw;ghl;by; ,ize;J nfhs;SkhW jdpahh; JiwiaAk; Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,k;KjyPLfs; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy;

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ,yhgk; ciof;Fk; Mz;bypUe;J 3 tUl fhyg; gphptpw;Fs; Fwpg;gpl;l

thp tPjk; 50 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf>&gh 150

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;.

35  

126. NkYk;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fs; jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis

re;ijg;gLj;Jk; NghJ gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ vdf;Fj;

njhpAk;. re;ijg;gLj;jYf;Fk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jYf;Fk; epjp gw;whf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gjdhy;>

mth;fspd; rpwg;Gr; re;ijfs; kw;Wk; rpy;yiwf; filfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F njhopy;

Kaw;rpahsh;fSf;F mtrpakhd mYkhhpfis epahakhd tpiyf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk;

mth;fSf;Ff; ifnfhLf;FkhW ehd; kpfTk; jho;ikAld; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

tptrhak;

127. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhaj;JiwahdJ> vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; r%f

epiyapYk;> tuyhw;wpYk; mbj;jskhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. MapDk;> fpilf;fpd;w Gs;sp

tpguk; ,j;Jiw gw;wpa NtWgl;l fijnahd;iwr; nrhy;fpd;wJ. vkJ tptrha

,wf;Fkjpfs; Rkhh; 1>000 If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; kpy;ypad;fshFk;. vkJ tptrhapfs;

fhyepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fspdhYk;> ,ilj;jufh;fspd; Ruz;lypdhYk;>

jkJ mWtilfSf;F epahakhd tpiynahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj

neUf;fbahd xU epiyf;F ,d;Dk; js;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,jd; %yk; vkJ

Efh;NthUk; juk; Fiwe;j tptrha cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F epahakw;w tpiyfisr;

nrYj;j Ntz;ba epiyNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> ,g;Nghf;fpw;F cldbahfj; jPh;T

vLf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;jpid ehk; czh;fpNwhk;. ,J njhlh;ghf tphpthd xU

Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;f;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;jpidAk; ehk; czh;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;epiyikapd;

fPo; Gjpa tptrhaf; nfhs;ifnahd;wpid jahhpg;gjw;fhf vkJ Gjpa murhq;fj;jpw;F

jiyikj;Jtj;jpid toq;Fk; mjp NkjF [dhjpgjp mth;fSk;> nfsut gpujkh;

mth;fSk;> mth;fsJ ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;jpAs;sdh;.gaph;fisg; gd;Kfg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy; Mfpadtw;wpd; Clhf 2018 Mk; Mz;lstpy;

vkJ ehL Nrhsk;> mtiu> kpsfha;> cUisf; fpoq;F> kw;Wk; nghpa ntq;fhak;

Mfpadtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwT ngWtjw;Fk;> jq;fpapUf;Fk; tptrha

KiwikapypUe;J tptrha th;j;jfk; tiu tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; 2020 Mk;

Mz;lstpy; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijf;Fs; gpuNtrpf;ff; $ba tifapy; vkJ tptrhaf;

nfhs;if jahhpf;fg;gLk;.

128. NkYk;> tptrhaj; Jiwapd;; mWtilapid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd cfe;j cghaj;jpid

mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiwapd; cWjpahd xUq;fpizg;gpd; kPJ jq;fpAs;sij ehk;

,dq;fz;Ls;sNjhL> mjd; %yk; tptrhaj; Jiwapd; epuk;gy; rq;fpypiag;

gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;af; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,q;F ehk;

jiyikj;Jtj;jpid Vw;gjw;F jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;. tpijfs;> ehw;Wg;

nghUl;fs;> Nghd;wdtw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fSf;F trjpfis mspf;ff;

$ba epjpr; R+oy; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf gad;Lj;jg;glhj> Fiw

gad;ghl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l mur fhzpfis Nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;g toq;FtJ

cs;slq;fyhf gy;NtW nraw;ghLfis vLg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

129. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhaj; Jiwf;fhd KjyPlhdJ> tpN~lkhf cw;gj;jpj;

jpwdpd; tpUj;jp vd;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xU Njitg;ghlhFk;. kpfr; rpwe;j cw;gj;jpj;

jpwndhd;wpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cah; juj;jpyhd tpijfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;

$bajhf cs;sikahdJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mjd; gpufhuk;> cah; juj;jpyhd

tpijfisAk;> ehw;Wg; nghUl;fisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F mur kw;Wk; jdpahh;

36  

Jiwfspd; rpwe;j xUq;fpizg;gpid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;glhj>Fiwthfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l murhq;ff; fhzpfs; ntFkjpahf jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

,jw;fhf>&gh 1000 kpy;ypad; epjpia xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

130. nrhl;L ePh;g;ghrd KiwikfisAk;> gr;ir ,y;y njhopy;El;gq;fisAk;; gad;gLj;Jk;

kw;Wk; cah; tpisr;riyj; juf; $ba tpijfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; fk;gdpfSf;F

miuthrp thp tpLKiw (Half Tax Holidays) toq;fg;gLk.; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhd nghwpKiwg;gLj;jypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid ,dq;fz;L tptrha

,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd; ,wf;Fkjp njhlh;ghd ,wf;Fkjp thpfis

ePf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd;; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

131. mNj Neuk;> xUq;fpize;j gq;Nfw;nghd;Wlhd epuk;gy; rq;fpyp ,izg;Gf;fis

gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tptrha tphpthf;fy; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; mwptpid mth;fsJ

ehshe;j flikfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf jdpahh; Jiwapd; gz;izfspYk;

fl;lznkhd;wpid mwtpLtjd; %yk; toq;Ftjw;F mDkjp toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

132. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jYk;> re;ijg;gLj;jYk; vkJ tptrhaj;

Jiwapy; epytp tUk; gpujhd xU gpur;rpidahFk;. Rkhh; 30 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 40

rjtPjkhfTs;s mWtilf;Fg; gpd;du; Vw;glf;$ba ,og;Gf;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf etPd

njhopy;El;gj;ijf; nfhz;l KOikahd fsQ;rpaq;fis ];jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. tptrha mWtilapd; NghJ tpiy Fiwtile;J nry;tjdhy; Vw;glf;

$ba ghjfkhd tpisTfisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf tptrhapfspd; ney;> Nrhsk;> vs;S>

kpsF> cOe;J Nghd;w gaph;fspd; tpisr;ry;fisAk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jf; $ba tifapy;

tptrhapfSf;F cah; juj;jpyhd fsQ;rpa trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. ,f;fsQ;rpa

trjpfspd; NghJ jkJ mWtilfis fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; NghJ fsQ;rpaj;jpdhy;

toq;fg;gLk; rpl;il th;j;jf tq;fpnahd;Wf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk; tptrhapfs; jkJ

cld; gzj; Njitia fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mWtilfspd; ngWkjpapy; 50

rjtPjk; ngWkjpahd fld; epjpj; njhifnahd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf

,Uf;Fk;. MapDk;> tpiy mjpfhpf;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; tptrhapfs;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s jkJ mWtilfis re;ijapy; epyTk; cah;thd tpiyf;F

tpw;gid nra;af; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,r;nrad;Kiwf;Fs; tptrhap ,ilj; jufh;fspd;

Ruz;lYf;F cs;shfkypUg;gNjhL> gUtky;yhj fhyg;gFjpapy; jkJ mWtilfSf;F

cah;thd tpiynahd;W fpilf;fg; ngWtijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

Vw;fdNt> murhq;fk; mDuhjGuk;> nkhduhfiy khtl;lq;fspy; ,t;thwhd fsq;rpa

trjpfs; eph;khzpj;Js;sNjhL> kd;dhh; khtl;lj;jpy; fsQ;rpankhd;W eph;khzpf;fg;gl;Lk;

tUfpd;wJ. ,k;Kiwikapd; Clhf tptrhapfspd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; ,Wjp

Efh;NthDf;F mDg;Gk; NghJ ,ilapy;; Vw;glf;$ba nryTfs; Fiwtiltjdhy;>

rhjhuz tpiynahd;wpidr; nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;Fk; gaDs;sjha;

mikfpd;wJ. mjd; gpufhuk; nghydWit> fpspnehr;rp> ,uj;jpdGhp (vk;gpypgpl;ba)

khtl;lq;fspy; ,t;thwhd fsQ;rpaq;fis eph;khzpg;gjw;Fk;> kd;dhh; khtl;lj;jpy;

jw;NghJ eph;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUk; fsQ;rpaj;jpd; vQ;rpAs;s Ntiyfis G+h;j;jp

nra;tjw;Fk; &gh 1>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

37  

133. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhapfspd; cw;gj;jpr; nrytpidAk;> Efh;NthUf;F

Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fj;jpidAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> fPhp rk;gh mhprp xU fpNyh &gh 50/=

,w;Fk;> rk;gh mhprp xU fpNyh &gh 41/= ,w;Fk; ehL mhprpapidAk;>Vida tif

mhprpapidAk; xU fpNyh &gh 38/= vDk; mbg;gilapy; ney;ypw;F cj;juthj

tpiynahd;wpid toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; gadhf Efh;Nthh; xU fpNyh

mhprpapid ruhrhpahf 65/= tpw;F ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

134. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;bd; mhprp cw;gj;jp mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Nghrizf;

Fiwg;ghL mjpfKs;s rKh;j;jp gaDfhpfSf;fpilNa ifapUg;gpYs;s mhprpapid

tpepNahfpg;gjD}lhf mjidg; gad;gLj;JNthk;. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l ,j;jpl;lk; Nghriz

kl;lj;ij cah;j;Jk;. ,jw;fhf Vwj;jho 44>000 nkw;wpf; njhd; mhprpia

gad;gLj;jTs;Nshk;.

135. ehk; vkJ mhprpia Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;fhd nghUj;jkhd fhyk; ,g;NghJ

Njhd;wpAs;sjhf ehd; vz;Zfpd;Nwd;. Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijf;Fs; Eioaf;; $ba mhprp

tiffis cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F tptrhapfis Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;. ,yq;if mhprpf;fhd

th;j;jf ,yr;rpidnahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;wpidj;

jahhpg;gjw;Fk; vkJ mhprpf;fhd ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;;fhf Vw;Wkjp

mgptpUj;jpr; rigapid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

136. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Ml;rpf;F te;j xt;nthU murhq;fKk; tptrha

r%fj;jpd; ed;ik fUjp gy;NtW ed;ikfis toq;fpAs;sd. ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy;>

cu khdpak;> fhzp> njhopy;El;g cjtpfs;> tpijfs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW ed;ikfs;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MapDk;> ,d;W vk;kplk; vd;d cs;sJ? tptrhaj; JiwapypUe;J

nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpf;Ff; fpilj;j gq;fspg;G gbg;gbahff; Fiwe;J te;Js;sJ.

xU n`f;NlaUf;F fpilf;fg; ngw;w tpisr;ry; kpff; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy;

fhzg;gl;ljdhy;> vkf;F rh;tNjr hPjpahf Nghl;b Nghl Kbahj epiyik Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

gpujhd ney;Yw;gj;jpg; gpuNjrq;fspy; r%fg; gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;s rpWePuf NehahdJ

mjpf mstpyhd cug; ghtidapd; fhuzkhf Vw;gl;Ls;snjd;gJ tpthjj;Jf;F

toptFj;Js;sJ. mNj Nghd;W> ePh; kw;Wk; kz; khRgLtjw;Fk; toptFj;Js;sNjhL>

mjd; %yk; Rfhjhug; gpur;rpidfs; gytw;wpw;Fk; Rw;whly; mopTfSf;Fk; mit

fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd. ehk; ,d;W Kfq; nfhLj;Js;s ,g;gpur;rpidahdJ vkJ

tptrhaf; nfhs;ifapd; vjph;fhyj;jpidj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F ve;j mstpw;F jhf;fj;jpid

Vw;gLj;Jk;? cug; ghtidf;Fk;> ney;Yw;gj;jpapd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDf;Fk; ,ilapy;

Neubahd Neu; kiwahd njhlh;G ,y;iynad;gJ Ma;Tfspd; %yk;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ney; tptrhapfSf;F ve;j msTf;F cjtpfs;

toq;fg;gl;lhYk; $l> mth;fs; vkJ ehl;by; ,d;Dk; jq;fpapUg;Nghhpdplj;jpy; thOk;

xU gphptpduhfNt cs;sdh;. mNj Nghy> Efh;NthUf;Fk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l ed;ikfs;

fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy. tptrhafSf;;Nfh my;yJ Efh;NthUf;Nfh vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l

ed;ikfs; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy;> tptrhap kw;Wk; Efh;Nthd;; vDk; ,U jug;gpdUk; mjpf

mstpy; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tifapy; vkJ tptrha cghaq;fs;

njhlh;ghf kPz;Lk; rpe;jpg;gjw;F cq;fis ehd; tYg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;. vdNt. jw;NghJ

toq;fg;gLk; cu khdpaj;jpid rpwpa mstpyhd new;nra;ifg; gz;Zk;

38  

tptrhapfSf;F khj;jpuk; toq;FkhW Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd; gpufhuk;> ney;

tptrhapfSf;F xU n`f;Nlah; tiu rpW Nghfk; kw;Wk; ngUk; Nghfk; Mfpa ,uz;L

Nghfq;fSk; cs;slq;ff; $ba tifapy; tUlhe;jk; $baJ 25>000 &ghtpw;F cl;gl;L

fhR ed;nfhil xd;W toq;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; tptrhapfs; jkJ tptrhaj;jpw;F

mtrpakhd cs;sPLfisj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;F ngUkstpyhd Rje;jpunkhd;W fpilg;gNjhL>

mjd; %yk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDk; mjpfhpf;fg;glyhk; vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf>

&gh 37>500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhoptNjhL>

,j;njhifahdJ 2015 Mk; Mz;by; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l &gh 35>000 kpy;ypaid tpl

mjpfkhd njhifahFk;.

goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs;

137. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfSf;Fg;

gpuNtrpf;ff; $ba tifapy; goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpf;ifj;njhopyhdJ Nghjpa

mstpw;F th;j;jf hPjpahf mgptpUj;jpailtpy;iy.

138. ePufw;wg;gl;lJk;> jfuq;fspy; milf;fg;gl;lJkhd goq;fspd; ifj;njhopyhdJ ,d;Dk;

Muk;g fl;lj;jpNyNa cs;sNjhL> ,d;Dk; mgptpUj;jpailahj epiyapYKs;sJ.

,f;ifj;njhopiy Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,f;ifj;njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;s epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;

jdpg;gl;l egh;fs; jkJ ifj;njhopiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf tq;fpfspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l

fld;fSf;F mwtplg;gLk; tl;bapd; 50 rjtPj tl;br; rYifnahd;iw toq;Ftjw;FKd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,f;ifj;njhopYf;F mtrpakhd ,ae;jpuq;fSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjp

thpapypUe;J tpLjiy nra;ag;gLk; vd;gJld; Nja;Tf;F Nkyjpfkhf fzprkhd

nfhLg;gdT fopTk; toq;fg;gLk;.

139. njhopy;El;gk;> cah;e;j mstpyhd tpisr;riyj; juf;$ba ehw;Wg; nghUl;fs;> kw;Wk;

tpijfspd; ghtid> kw;Wk; CLgaph;fspd; Clhf fhzpg;gad;ghl;bid

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. Fiwthfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj murhq;ff; fhzpfis goq;fs; kw;Wk;

fha;fwp tptrhapfspd; Ntz;LNfhs;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Fj;jiff;F

toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

140. Etnuypah> jk;Gs;is> vk;gpypgpl;ba> nfg;gpl;bg;nghy> kw;Wk; jk;Gj;Njfk gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;s nghUshjhu epiyaq;fSf;F mUfhikapy; goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfis

fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jdpahh; Jiw %yk; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; 5 Fspuiwfis

epWTtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; re;ij tpiyfspy; ];jpu epiyia

Vw;gLj;JtNjhL> mWtilf;Fg; gpd;duhd ,og;Gf;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopy;

141. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> re;ijapy; cs;ehl;Lg; ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopypd;

gq;fhdJ kpff; FiwthFk;. cs;ehl;L ghy; cw;gj;jpapid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;>ghy;

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpiaj; jLg;gjw;Fk;> Kd;ida murhq;fj;jpdhy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kaw;rpfis ehk; kjpf;fpd;Nwhk;;. ghy; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf

cs;ehl;L ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fis Cf;Ftpg;gNj murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifahFk;. mjd;

39  

gpufhuk;>cs;ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; 400 fpuhk; ghy;kh gf;fl;LfSf;F $ba

rpy;yiw tpiy &gh 325 /= ,ypUe;J &gh 295/=  tiu Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mt;thW tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; 400 fpuhk; ghy; kh gf;fl;nlhd;Wf;F

murhq;fj;jpdhy; &gh 30/= khdpankhd;wpid cs;ehl;Lg; ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fSf;F

toq;Ftjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 1>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J tho;f;ifr; nrytpidf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ghy; cw;gj;jpahsh;fis

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; cjTk;. 142. ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopy; Jiw %yk; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Ff; fpilf;Fk;

gq;fspg;ghdJ kpfTk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mjid tsh;r;rpAwr;

nra;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt>mur kw;Wk; jdpahh;

Jiwfspd; gq;Nfw;gpd; fPo; th;j;jf mstpyhd ghw;gz;iz Kiwikapid

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf Fiwe;jJ &gh 25>000 kpy;ypad;fSf;F KjyPL nra;gth;fSf;F

Fiwthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ gad;gLj;jg;glhj murhq;ff; fhzpfis

toq;Ftjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> mt;thwhd Fiwthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l

kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj murhq;ff; fhzpfis ntsp tsh;g;ghsh;fs; %yk; cah;

tpisr;riyj; juf; $ba Gy; tiffis tsh;g;gjw;Fk;>mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiwfspd;

gq;Nfw;Gfspd; Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; ; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;>

ghw;gz;izf; ifj;njhopYld; njhlh;Gila ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; kPjhd

,wf;Fkjp thpfisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. 143. ehl;by; jputg;ghy; Efh;thdJ ,d;Dk; cj;Ntfj;jpid milahjjdhy;> jputg;ghy;

Efh;T njhlh;ghf ghhpa xU Nkk;ghl;L epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid kiyehl;L Gjpa

fpuhkq;fs;> Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp mikr;R kw;Wk; Rfhjhu>

Ngh~hf;F kw;Wk; RNjr itj;jpa mikr;R Mfpatw;wpd; <Lghl;Lld; ehlshtpa hPjpahf

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

flw;nwhopy;

144. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehL xU jPthf ,Ue;jhYk; $l> ehk; ,d;Dk;

tUlhe;jk; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 150 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd kPd;fisAk;> kPd;

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fisAk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;fpd;Nwhk; vd;w nra;jpia ftiyAld;

njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. vkJ cs;ehl;L kPdth;fs; gpujhdkhf gUt fhy

epiyikfspd; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; tpiy Vw;wj; jho;TfspdhYk;> gw;whf;Fiwahd

fsQ;rpa trjpfspdhYk;> xOq;F Kiwr; rl;lfq;fspd; khw;wq;fspdhYk;>

gw;whf;Fiwthd epjp trjpfs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ th;j;jfq;fis tphpthf;Ftjw;fhd

Gjpa re;ijfSf;Fg; Eiotjw;Fs;s Fiwthd tha;g;Gf;fs; Nghd;wdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf

,d;Dk; jhf;fq;fSf;F cl;glf;$ba epiyikapNyNa cs;sdh;. 145. kPdth;fspd; njhopy;rhh;e;j ghjpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; jhf;fq;fs; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd r%fg;

ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;gpd;ghy; murhq;fj;jpd; mh;g;gzpg;ghf flypy; mth;fs; re;jpf;Fk;

tpgj;Jfspw;F Rkhh; xU kpy;ypad; &gh ngWkjpahd MAl; fhg;GWjp toq;fg;gLk;.

,f;fhg;GWjp NjLjy; kw;Wk; caph;;fhg;G eltbf;iffSf;fhd nryTfisAk;

cs;slf;Fk;. 146. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j Ie;jhz;L fhykhf vkJ ehl;by; tUlhe;jk;

mz;zsthf &gh 5000 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs;

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ifj;njhopypYs;s tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; kPd;

40  

jfuj;jpyilf;Fk; Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;F jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

,f;ifj;njhopYf;F ntFkjpfis toq;Ftjd; %yk; yf; rnjhr ypkpl;ll;bd; Clhf

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis kPz;Lk; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd nghwpKiwnahd;wpid

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjD}lhf xU jfuj;jpy; milf;fg;gl;l

kPd; 125 &gh vDk; rYif tpiyf;F tpw;f KbAk;. ,J tho;f;ifr; nrytpid

Fiwg;gjw;F cjTk;. ehd; &gh 300 kpy;ypad; yf; rNjhr epWtdj;Jf;F

xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. 147. NkYk; ,e;epiyikapy;> kPd;fs; kw;Wk; kPd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; njhlh;ghd

,wf;FkjpfSf;F tpN~l nghUl;fSf;fhd thpia &gh 50/= Mf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; kPd;gpb tiyfSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPu;itAk;

Fiwf;fg;gLk;. 148. flw;nwhopy; ifj;njhopYf;F trjpaspg;gjw;fhf> Fspuiwfisf; nfhz;l

fsQ;rpaq;fSldhd etPd njhopy;El;g trjpfisf; nfhz;l cs;ehl;L

kPd;gpbj;JiwKfq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> juKah;j;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> rpyhgk;> kphp];]> fy;Kid> ty;ntl;bj; Jiw> fhiuefh; kw;Wk;

Guhznty;y Mfpa ,d;Ndhud;d kPd;gpbj; JiwKfq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf

&gh 750 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,j;JiwKfq;fs;

kPd;gpbg;glFfisj; jpUj;Jtjw;Fk;> jahhpg;gjw;Fkhd trjpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. 149. tptrha kw;Wk; kPd;gpb cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ,lq;fSf;F

mz;ikapy; mjDld; ,ize;jtptrha kw;Wk; kPd; gjg;gLj;Jk; trjpaspg;Gf;fis

cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;trjpaspg;Gf;fisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;tjdhy;

mit fpua tpidj;jpwid cilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk;> mDuhjGuk;> tTdpah kw;Wk;

fpspnehr;rp khtl;lq;fis ,izj;J tptrha fhy;eil kw;Wk; kPd; gjg;gLj;Jk;

g+q;fhf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 100

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. 150. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ed;dPh; kPd; tsh;g;ghdJ czTg; Ngh~hf;fpid

toq;FtNjhL> tUkhdj;jpw;fhd xU %ykhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,j;JiwahdJ

Fiwthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l xU JiwahfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt> kPd;

,dg;ngUf;fj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;atjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Njrpa ePhpay;ts mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigf;F &gh 100

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. 151. NkYk; Rw;whlYf;F ve;j tpj mopTfSk; epfohj gb fiuNahu kPd; tsh;g;gpid

(ePhpay; tsq;fis) mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F rhj;jpakhd jdpahh; Jiw

KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;fhd re;jh;g;gj;ij toq;Ftjd; %yk; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy;

ePhpay; g+q;fhnthd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. th;j;jf hPjpahd

ePhpay; tsr; nraw;ghLfis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Njitia cila epWtdq;fSf;fhd

“KjyPL jahh;” jsnkhd;wpid ,e;ePhpay; tsg; g+q;fh Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;ePhpay; tsg;

g+q;fh mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;glTs;sNjhL> mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; gq;Nfw;nghd;whf ,J

eph;tfpf;fg;gLk;. ,J njhlh;ghd g+h;thq;f eltbf;iffSf;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypad;fis

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. 152. fle;j mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; ,uhy; ifj;njhopyhdJ gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F

Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sNjhL> mit ,d;Dk; jPh;f;fg;glhj epiyapNyNa cs;sd. MapDk;>

,uhy; ifj;njhopypYs;s tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; Kd; nkhopag;gl;Ls;s

41  

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpAldhd rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd

njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd fld; thpirapd; Clhf ,uhy; tsh;g;NghUf;Fk;> ,uhy; FQ;Rg;

nghhpg;gfq;fis nraw;gLj;JNthh; kw;Wk; gjg;gLj;JNthhpd; %yjdk; kw;Wk; njhopy;

%yjdj; Njitg;ghLfis toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,uhy;; gz;izfis

nraw;gLj;jp tUNthUf;F rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd fld; cj;juthjq;fis

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtpAld; toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

153. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpYs;s re;ijfSf;F vkJ kPd;fis Vw;Wkjp nra;tijj; jil

nra;Js;sikahdJ>vkJ cs;ehl;L kPdth;fis Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; ghjpj;Js;sJ.

vdNt> czh;T g+h;tkhd xU murhq;fk; vd;w tifapy;> vkJ rpy kPdth;fs;

vjph;Nehf;fp tUk; rpukq;fs; vkf;Fj; njhpAk;. mjd; gpufhuk;> INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;Jf;F

vkJ kPd;fis Vw;Wkjp nra;tjpYs;s jilapid ePf;Ftjw;Fk; kPz;Lk; mr;re;ijf;Fs;

Eiotjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;fhfTk; murhq;fk; njhlh;r;rpahf

fye;Jiuahly;fis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. murhq;fkhdJ> rh;tNjr

Njitg;ghLfSf;Fg; nghUe;jf; $ba tifapy; kPd;gpbg; glFfSf;F fz;fhzpg;G fUtp

(l;uhd;];nghd;lh;)fisg; nghUj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;sJ. 154. flw;nwhopy; Jiwapdhy; nghUshjhuj; Jiwf;F fpilf;ff; $ba gq;fspg;gpid

cah;tilar; nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; Mo; flypy; kPd; gpbg;gjw;fhd mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis

toq;Fk; Kiwiknahd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;F

vjph;ghh;g;gNjhL> mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; xt;nthU kPdtUk; kPdt

r%fj;jpy; Fiwe;jJ 100 kPdth;fis ,j;njhopw;ghl;by; <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;.

Nfhopg; gz;iz

155. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs;ehl;L Nfhopg;gz;izf; ifj;njhopyhsh;fspd;

cw;gj;jpfspd; juj;jpidAk;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwidAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F mtrpakhd

KjyPLfis tphptilar; nra;jiy ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> ,yq;if gwitf;

fha;r;rypypUe;J tpLjiy ngw;w xU ehlhf tpsq;Ftjdhy; fpilf;Fk; ed;ikahdJ

tpN~lkhf kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfs; cs;slq;fyhf ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfspy;

Eiotjw;Fs;s tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngWk; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd;

Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,J njhlh;ghf g+uz MjuT toq;fg;gLk;.

ngUe;Njhl;lg; nghUshjhuk;

156. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 1992 Mk; Mz;by; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l gpuhe;jpa

ngUe;Njhl;lf; fk;gdpfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l fhykhdJ Vw;fdNt g+h;j;jp nra;Js;sd.

vdNt> rfy gpuhe;jpa ngUe;njhl;lf; fk;gdpfis nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fr; ghpkhw;wr;

re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gl;l fk;gdpfshf khw;wf; $ba tifapy; mtw;iw Kfhikj;Jtk;

nra;af; $ba tifapy; rpW myFfshf kPs;fl;likg;gjd; Clhf Gj;Jzh;r;rp

Cl;Ltjw;fhd fhyk; Njhd;wpAs;sJ. mNj Nghy gpuhe;jpa ngUe;Njhl;lf; fk;gdpfspd;

fhzpfspy; gy;NtW gaph;fis gaphpLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tiuaiwfis

nefpo;thf;Ftjw;Fk;; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. vt;thwhapDk;> kPs; gaph;r;nra;if>

kw;Wk; etPdkag;gLj;jYf;fhd ePz;l fhy KjyPLfSf;F gpuhe;jpa ngUe;Njhl;lf;

fk;gdpfspd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSf;F gpize;Js;s Fj;jiff; fhyj;jpid kPz;Lk;

42  

fUj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;lznkhd;Wld; 50 tUlq;fSf;F

ePbg;gjw;Fk; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;.

Njapiy

157. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> NjapiyahdJ ,yq;ifapd; gpujhd Vw;Wkjpg; gapuhf

,d;Dk; fhzg;gl;lhYk; $l> mjd; ngWkjp Nrh; ngWkhdk;; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l

kl;lj;ij milaf; $ba msTf;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. ,f;ifj;njhopyhdJ>

jw;NghJ rh;tNjr re;ijapy; mjpf mstpyhd gpd;dilnthd;Wf;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sJ.

,J rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd Njapiy gaphpLNthhpd; kPJ jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vdNt> ,g;gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;F mur kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiwia

cs;slf;fpa nraw;FOnthd;iw epakpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Njapiyj; J}shf;fy;

158. ,yq;if> cyfpd; gpujhd Njapiy cw;gj;jpahsuhf cs;sNghjpYk; ngWkjpr;

Nrh;f;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu Lgha; Nghd;w re;ijfis ,oe;Js;sJ. fle;j rpy

khjq;fSf;Fs; Njapiyf; ifj;njhopy; epWtdq;fspdhy; ,yq;iff;Fj; Njapiy

,wf;Fkjpfis nefpo;thf;;Ftjw;fhd cWjpahd xU Ntz;LNfhs;

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> ,yq;if Njapiyf;fhd Nfe;jpu];jhdkhf Njapiyf;

fyg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspd; Clhf Nrh;f;fg;gLk; ngWkjpapid

mjpfhpf;Fk; Nehf;FlDk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Nehf;FlDk;> ,yq;iff;Fj;

Njapiyia ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;fhd xOq;F Kiwr; rl;lfj;Jf;Fs; ,Wf;fkw;wjhf;f

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd; %yk; “Ceylon Tea” vDk; ,yr;rpidg; ngah; khwhJ

itj;jpUg;gjw;fhf ngahpLtjidf; fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

,wg;gh;

159. nfsut mikr;rh; mth;fNs> ,wg;gh; Jiw njhlh;ghd rhj;jpa ts Ma;Tfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,wg;gh; JiwAld; njhlh;Gila gq;Fjhuh;fs; kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lf;

ifj;njhopy;fs; mikr;R xd;wpize;J gpujhd jpl;lnkhd;W (Master Plan) jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf murhq;fj;jpdhy; njhopy;El;g cjtpAk; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf ,j;Jiwapdhy; Kfq;nfhLf;fg;gLk; gy;NtW

gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;T toq;fg;gLtNjhL> vjph;fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba

nraw;ghLfisAk; ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ. mNjNghd;W> ifj;njhopyhsh;fSf;F ,wf;Fkjpia

,Wf;fkw;wjhf;Ftij tpl cs;ehl;L ,wg;giug; gad;gLj;JkhW ehd;

jahhpg;ghsh;fsplk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,j;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F

Mjutspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ngUe;Njhl;lf; ifj;njhopy;fs; mikr;Rf;F &gh 100

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

njq;Ff; ifj;njhopy;

160. njq;Ff; ifj;njhopYk; Vw;fdNt ngWkjpNrh; gpur;rpidf;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sJ.

,jw;fhd fhuzk; Njq;fha; cw;gj;jpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd gq;F czT

jahhpg;gjw;fhf tPLfspy; gad;gLj;JtNjahFk;. njq;Ff; ifj;njhopyhsh;fspd;; Ntz;L

NfhSf;fpzq;f> Fwpg;gpl;l murhq;f epWtdq;fspdhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; Jiwf;Fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l ngWkjpNrh; nraw;ghLfSf;F Njq;fha;fis

43  

,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhoptNjhL> ,t;Tw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; gpd;dh; Vw;Wkjp

nra;ag;gLk;. ,t;thW gpNuhpf;fg;gLk; Njq;fhia ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;fhd mDkjpahdJ

kpfTk; fLikahf Muhag;gl;L Njit mtrpak; fUjpNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

mt;thW njq;F Nkk;ghl;L eltbf;iffs; cs;slq;fyhf njq;Fg; gaph;r;nra;ifapd;

GdUj;jhuz epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

161. Njapiy kw;Wk; ,wg;gh; JiwfSf;fhd rYiffis toq;Ftjw;fhf ,g;ngUe;Njhl;lj;

JiwfspYs;s fk;gdpfSf;F 02 tUl thptpyf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

162. Njapiy> ,wg;gh; kw;Wk; njq;Ff; ifj;njhopypid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf kpfTk;

tphpthd Kiwapy; Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mtrpakhf cs;sNjhL>

mf;fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; thapyhfj; Njapiy Muha;r;rp epWtdk;> ,wg;gh; Muha;r;rp

epWtdk; kw;Wk; njq;F Muha;r;rp epWtdk; Mfpa epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;

mjd; %yk; me;epWtdq;fspdhy; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid mjpfhpj;jy;> gaph;fisg;

gd;Kfg;gLj;jy; Mfpad njhlh;ghf Muha;r;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;Fk; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 200 kpy;ypad;fis 2 Mz;L fhy gphpTf;Fs; xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Vida gaph;fs;

163. ,f;ifj;njhopYf;F cjTtjw;fhf rPdp Muha;r;rp epWtfk;> gid Muha;r;rp epWtfk;

vd;gd tYg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; mjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;a ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

164. murhq;fj;jpd; MjuT fpilf;fhikapdhy; fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; ghf;F cw;gj;jpahdJ

Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt> ,f;ifj;njhopiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Mw;wiyf;

fUj;jpw; nfhz;L th;j;jf hPjpahf ghf;fpidg; gaphpLtjw;F Cf;Ftpg;gNjhL> ghf;fpidr;

Nrfhpf;Fk; tyaq;fisAk; epWTtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

thridj; jputpaq;fSk;> mit rhh;e;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSk;

165. ,yq;ifapd; thridj; jputpaq;fspd; th;j;jf tuyhwhdJ 7 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu

gioikahdJ. MapDk;> ,yq;ifapd; thridj; jputpaq;fspd; th;j;jfk;

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l kl;lj;jpid milahikapdhy; mjd; %yk; ehl;bw;F ngWkjpahd

Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; fpilg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fisAk; ,oe;Js;Nshk;.

166. thridj; jputpaq;fspd; ifj;njhopy; Kfq;nfhLf;fpd;w gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPh;T

fhz;gjw;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; thridj; jputpaq;fs; rigapd; xUq;fpizg;Gld;>

,yq;ifapd; thridj; jputpaq;fs; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; th;j;jf ,yr;rpidnahd;wpid

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;W Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf>&gh 150

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. cw;gj;jpapid mjpfhpf;Fk;

Nehf;FlDk;> mjpfstpyhd Vw;Wkjp tUthapid cUthf;Fk; Nehf;FlDk;

murhq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd gad;gLj;jg;glhj tskhd epyq;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jdpahh; Jiwf;F tpN~lkhf fWth>

kpsF> Vyf;fha;> [hjpf;fha; Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d thridj; jputpaq;fspd;

44  

gaph;r;nra;iff;F Fj;jif mbg;gilapy; fhzpfis toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tpN~lkhf kpsF> [hjpf;fha; Nghd;w thridj; jputpaq;fis gaphpLtjw;fhf

ngUe;Njhl;l xg;ge;jg; gaph;r;nra;iffSld; njhlh;GgLk;gbAk; gpuhe;jpa ngUe;Njhl;lf;

fk;gdpfis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> Vw;Wkjp tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpYs;s fWth

Muha;r;rpg; gphptpid gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

167. cyfr; re;ijapy; 85 rjtPj J}a fWthtpw;F ,yq;ifapy; jdpAhpik ngw;Ws;sJ.

fWthg; gaph;r; nra;ifapd; ngWkjpr; rq;fpyp gy;NtW epWtdq;fspd; fPNo cs;sNjhL>

mjd; %yk; ,f;ifj;njhopypd; tsh;r;rpahdJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> jdpahh;

Jiwapd; gq;Nfw;Gld; ngWkjpr; rq;fpypapd; rfy eltbf;iffisAk; nfhz;L

tUtjw;F fWth mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rignahd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

168. NkYk; fWthf; ifj;njhopYf;Fj; Njitahd jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;

fWthg; gapw;rpg; ghlrhiy tphpthf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

169. fWthf; ifj;njhopypd; ngWkjpr; Nrh;f;ifahdJ kpff; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy;

cs;sjidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd;wj;jpd; %yk; fWthf; ifj;njhopy;

kw;Wk; mf;ifj;njhopy; rhh;e;j eltbf;iffs; njhlh;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

Muha;r;rpfSf;fhf me;epWtdj;jpw;F &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

170. thridj; jputpaq;fspd; Vw;Wkjpapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf kpsF>fpuhk;G> kw;Wk;

[hjpf;fha; Mfpadtw;wpd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nr]; thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

fpuhkpag; nghUshjhu kPnsOr;rp

171. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifapd; iky;fw;fspy; xd;whf

tpsq;FtJ fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,J njhlh;ghf fpuhkpag;

nghUshjhu myFfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf 14>022 fpuhk mYtyh; gphpTfs; 2>500

nfhj;jzpf; fpuhkq;fshf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. mjw;fpzq;f> fpuhkpa kf;fspd;

tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cah;j;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;Fk;

Nehf;Fld; ,f;fpuhkq;fspd; cl;fl;likg;Gf;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd

fUj;jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. tptrhapfSk; mq;fj;jth;fshff; $ba ghhpa

mstpyhd fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; ,t; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gLk;.

,f;fpuhkpa nghUshjhuj;jpid kPl;nlLg;gjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xt;nthU

fpuhkj;jpw;Fk; &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad; tPjk; xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,jw;Fr; nrythFk; nkhj;j epjp &gh 21>000 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.

172. mNjNghy> tTdpahtpy; Gjpa nghUshjhu tyankhd;wpidAk; ];jhgpg;gjw;F Kd;

nkhoptNjhL> mjw;fhf> fpuhkpa nghUshjhu mYty;fs; mikr;Rf;F &gh 200

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

45  

173. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpy; tho;thjhuj;ij toq;Ftjpy;

fpuhkpa tptrhak; typikahd gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. mth;fSila ePh;;g;ghrd

Njitfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;gitahd rpwpa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ePh;g;ghrd fhy;tha;fis

Gduikg;gjw;fhd cldbj;Njit vOe;Js;sJ. vdNt> rpwpa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk;

fhy;tha;fis Gduikg;Gr; nra;J fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf &gh

2000 kpy;ypaid xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Njrpa Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

174. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> midj;J caph;fs; kPJk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

jhf;fj;jpidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mth;fspdhy; 3 Mz;LfSf;fhd

Njrpa Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;W Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; gpujhd nraw;ghLfSf;Fs; td tsq;fisg;

ghJfhj;jYk;> mgptpUj;jp nra;jYk;> Rw;whly; khRgliyf; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk;;> epiyahd

epy Kfhikj;Jtk;> caph; tsq;fspd; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wdTk; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;eltbf;iffSf;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

175. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;ifapy; E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd jhtu ,dq;fSk;>

tpyq;FfSk; cs;sNjhL> mtw;iw ,yq;ifAld; rkkhd gug;Gs;s gy ehLfSld;

xg;gpLifapy; mit Vida ehLfsplkpy;yhj mstpw;F tpN~lj;Jtk;

epiwe;jitfshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. MapDk;> kdpj eltbf;iffSk;> jpwdw;w

Kfhikj;Jt eilKiwfSk; ,t;Taph;fSf;F mr;RWj;jy;fis vw;gLj;jf; $bajhf

mike;Js;sd. vdNt> td tpyq;Ffisg; ghJfhg;gjidAk;> kdpj-ahid

NkhjYf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjidAk; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;l epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F 3

tUl fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; gad;gLj;jf; $ba tifapy; &gh 4>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

myq;fhu kPd; tsh;g;Gf; ifj;njhopy;

176. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; Kd;Ndhbfshf tpsq;Fk; myq;fhu kPd; tsh;g;Gf;

ifj;njhopiy ghhpa mstpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaf; $Wfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ehd; jdpahh; Jiwia> tpN~lkhf ,e;ehl;bd; ,isQh;fis

,f;ifj;njhopypy; <LgLkhW Cf;Ftpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy> ,f;ifj;njhopypy;

tpahghuj;jpid Muk;gpg;NghUf;F rYif mbg;gilapyhd fld; trjpfis

toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,uj;jpdf;fw;fSk;> Mguzq;fSk;

177. ,yq;ifapd; ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; ifj;njhopYf;F 2>500 Mz;LfSf;Fk;

mjpfkhd ePz;l xU tuyhW ,Ue;jhYk; $l> ,f;ifj;njhopypYs;s ,aysTfs;

G+uzkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gpd;dzpapd; fPo; ,f;ifj;njhopiy

tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf> mur ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; gapw;rp epWtdj;jpdhy;

gapYdh;fSf;Fk; gapw;Wtpg;ghsh;fSf;Fkhd gapw;rpg; ghlnewpfis jw;Nghija

Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; nghUe;jf; $ba tifapy; juKah;j;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,e;epWtdq;fspy; ,ize;Js;s gapw;Wtpg;ghsh;fSf;F ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk;

Mguzq;fSld; njhlh;Gila eltbf;iffspyhd ntspehl;L mDgtq;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.

46  

mNj Ntis> ,g;ghlnewpfisj; njhlUk; khzth;fSf;F ,g;ghlnewpfis

ntw;wpfukhfj; njhlh;tjw;fhf Gyikg;ghprpy;fSk; toq;fg;gLk;.

178. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fspd; tpw;gidfis

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cy;yhrg; gpuahzpfisf; fth;tjw;Fk; ,yq;ifapy; xt;nthU

tUlKk; Vg;uy; kw;Wk; mf;Nlhgh; khjq;fspy; “,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> Mguzq;fs; kw;Wk;

ituq;fspd;” Vy tpw;gidfis elhj;Jtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> Rw;Whyhj;

Jiwapdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tifapy; ,uj;jpdGhpapy; jdpahh; Jiwapduhy;

“,uj;jpdf;fy; th;j;jf ];jyk;” xd;wpid ];jhgpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; gpNuhpg;gNjhL> tpkhd

epiyaj;jpYk; jPh;itaw;w ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzf; filfisj; jpwg;gjw;Fk;

,j;Jiwapdiu Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

179. cs;Sh; iftpidQh;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk;

Mguzq;fspd; kPJ 10 rjtPj nr]; thpnahd;W tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

180. ,t;tidj;J MjuTfs; kw;Wk; Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fSld;> 2018 Mk; Mz;lstpy;

,uj;jpdf;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; Vw;Wkjpj;Jiw %yk; 2 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f

nlhyh;fis miltjw;F ehk; vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

jq;fk;

181. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> jq;f Mguzf; ifj;njhopy; Jiw tpiuthd

eltbf;ifia> Kf;fpakhf jq;fj;jpd; tpiy njhlh;ghf vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ehd;

kj;jpa tq;fpf;F Rkhh; 50 ,wf;Fkjp thpr; rYifAldhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis

toq;Fk; jpl;lnkhd;iw Kd;ndLf;FkhW ghpe;Jiuf;fpd;Nwd;.

Muk;gf; ifj;njhopy;fs;

182. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Kjd;ikf; ifj;njhopy;fs; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfspd;

fhuzkhf Vw;glf; $ba tpiy Vw;wj;jho;TfSf;F cs;shfpd;wJ. vdNt>

,f;ifj;njhopypYs;s epGzh;fis cs;slf;fpa Kjd;ikf; ifj;njhopy;

rignahd;wpid (Primary Industry Council) epWTtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

183. nfsut gpujkhpd; nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; $wpaJ Nghd;W> ehl;by; tpN~l tptrha kw;Wk;

kPd;gpb Vw;Wkjp tyaq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. Kd; nkhopag;gl;l tptrha kPd;gpb Vw;Wkjp

tyaq;fis ];jhgpg;gjw;fhf Kjd;ikf; ifj;njhopy; mikr;Rf;F &gh 2>000

kpy;ypad;fs; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gLk;.

nghUshjhuj;jpid b[ply;kag;gLj;jy;

184. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> b[ply;kag;gLj;jy; ,d;W gy ehLfspy;

gpugy;akile;Js;s xU nrad;KiwahFk;. ,J juTfis Nrfhpj;jy;> juTfis

epuw;gLj;jy; Kiwikfspd; Clhf Nkyjpf tUkhdq;fis ciog;gjw;Fk;

re;jh;g;gq;fis cUthf;fpAs;sJ. MfNt> ,r; nray;Kiwapd; Clhf ,yq;ifahdJ

jfty; njhopy;El;gj; Jiwapy; cyfpd; Vida gy;NtWgl;l mgptpUj;jp mile;j

ehLfSf;F xj;jjhfNt njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy;; mLj;j fl;lj;ij miltjw;fhd

epiyapy; cs;sJ. ,j;jifa mgptpUj;jp Kiwikfs; Kiwikfs; kw;Wk;

47  

fl;Lg;ghLfis topg;gLj;JtjD}lhf midtUf;Fk; Neuhd ed;ikfis ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;Fk;. kpf vspikahff; $Wtjhapd; ,izaj;js njhlh;ghdJ ehl;bd;

nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapy; rhjfkhd tpisTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

185. vkJ murhq;fj;jpdhy; thf;fspj;j gb vkJ jfty; njhopy;El;gg; ghpkhw;w cghag;

gphpnthd;whf vk;khy; Vw;fdNt tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,ytr Wifi trjpfs; njhpT

nra;ag;gl;l nghJ ,lq;fspy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mNj Nghd;W> vkJ rfy mur Jiw

gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk;>,ytr Wifi trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. vjph;tUk; %d;whz;L

fhyg;gFjpapy; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba

KOikahd vz;zpay; mgptpUj;jp cghankhd;wpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F

murhq;fk; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ.

186. mjd; gb> 2018 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy;> gpuNjr nrayfq;fs;> khfhz rigfs;> gpuNjr

rigfs;> cg jghy; epiyaq;fs;> nghyp]; epiyaq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf rfy

murhq;ff; fl;llq;fSk; ,yj;jpudpay; hPjpahf ,izf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk;> mth;fspd;

ehshe;j Ntiyfspy; 70 rjtPjj;jpid epiwNtw;wf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

187. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Njrpa vz;zpay; milahs ml;ilfis (NDI)

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwhk;;. mjd; %yk; rfy epjprhh; kw;Wk; epjp

rhuhj vz;zpay; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy;

Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk;. flTr;rPl;L> thpf;Nfhit> Rq;fg;

gj;jpuq;fs;> thfdg;gjpT> thf;fhsh; gjpT> eyd;Ghp gjpTfs;> tq;fpj; jfty;fs; kw;Wk;

nghJg;gad;ghl;L gw;Wr;rPl;Lf;fs; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;ljhf Njrpa vz;zpay; milahs

ml;il jdpj;Jtkhd ,yf;fj;jpid nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;;. ,J thp Nrfhpg;Gf;F

gad;gLtjw;F Nkyjpfkhf Coy;> jhkjk;> tPz; tpuak; vd;gtw;iw Fiwg;gNjhL

tpidj;jpwidf; $l;LtJld; eyd;Ghpf; nfhLg;gdT Nghd;w Vida KiwikfisAk;

rPh;gLj;j cjTk;. (,q;F mkh;e;Js;s midthpdJk; trjp fUjp mbg;gilj;

jpl;lj;jpid VI  ,y; ,izj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;).

188. vkJ vz;zpay; cghakhdJ> Njrpa nfhLg;gdTj; jsnkhd;wpid (NPP)

mwpKfg;gLj;jiy cs;slf;FtNjhL> ,jd; %yk; mth;fsJ Njrpa vz;zpay;;

milahs ml;ilapidg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jdJ ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpapd;

Clhf jhd; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l nghUl;fSf;Fk; NritfSf;Fk; jkJ tq;fpf;

fzf;Ffspd; Clhf gzj;jpidr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;wJ. Njrpa

nfhLg;gdTj; jsj;jpd; Clhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gL;k; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd; %yk;

re;ijapd; gzg; Gof;fKk;> gz kpjg;Gk; Fiwf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; tpidj;jpwid

tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk; murhq;fj;jpw;fhd Nrkpg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;L tu Kbfpd;wJ.

189. njhiyj;njhlh;G tsq;fis tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwapy; gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; kw;Wk;

fhw;wiyfisAk;> kw;Wk; Rw;whliyAk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; jfty; njhlh;ghly;

njhopy;El;g mjpfhu rigapd; fPo; tpN~l Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

fk;gdpnahd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig> tPjp

mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> ,yq;if Gifapujj; jpizf;fsk; cs;slq;fyhf njhiyj;

njhlh;Gf; fk;gdpfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd rfy fk;gp tlq;fSk;> mNj Nghy miy

thpirfs;> njhiyNgrpf; NfhGuq;fs; Nghd;wdTk; ,f;fk;gdpf;Fs; nfhz;L tug;gLk;.

48  

190. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kUj;Jtkid Nritfs;> fhzp tplaq;fs;> rKh;j;jpf;

nfhLg;gdT cs;slq;fyhf nghJ kf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nghJr;

Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; Njrpa vz;zpay;; milahs ml;ilAld; xd;wpizg;gjw;fhd

xNu $iuapd; fPohd vz;zf; fUtpid (Single Window Concept) eilKiwg;gLj;j ehk;

vz;Zfpd;Nwhk;. mur fhzpfis Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;Ak; Kiwik kw;Wk; fhzpf;

Nfe;jpu Kiwik Mfpadtw;iwAk;,d; xNu $iuapd; fPohd vz;zf; fUtpd; xU

gFjpahf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

191. tFg;giwf;Fs; fw;gpf;Fk;> gbf;Fk; nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; jfty; njhopy;El;gq;fis

gad;gLj;Jtjid gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; gy

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,q;F gpujhd eltbf;ifahf 2016 Mk; Mz;by;> 200 ];khh;l;

vz;zpay;; tFg;giwfSk;> 2017 Mk; Mz;by; 1000 tFg;giwfSk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

192. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;fk; “jpwe;j mur gq;Nfw;gpw;fhf” (Open

Government Partnership-OGP), jd;id mh;g;gzpj;Js;sNjhL> Njrpa juTj; jsnkhd;wpid

(National Big Data Platform) eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,yq;iff;F jpwe;j mur

gq;Nfw;gpw;fhd Njitg;ghLfis g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F NkYk; Mjutspf;Fk;.

193. nghUshjhu vz;zpayhf;f Kiwikf;fhf &gh 10>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F ehd; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;.

KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;G

194. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 2014 Mk; Mz;by;> ntspehl;L Neub KjyPL If;fpa

mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 1.7 gpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> ,J re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkpd;wp

tyaj;jpd; rkdhd ehLfSld; xg;gpLifapy; Fiwe;j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

fle;j rpy khjq;fshf vkJ ehl;by; KjyPl;Lg; Nghf;fhdJ Muhag;gl;Ls;sNjhL>

jw;NghJ vkJ KjyPl;Lf; fl;likg;gpid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> kWrPuikg;gjw;Fk;

cgha hPjpahd tiuglj;jpidj; jahhpf;Fk; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

195. ,k;Kaw;rpapy;> vkJ murhq;fk; nraw;ghl;L tpidj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;; kw;Wk;

KjyPLfSf;F trjpaspj;jy; Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d Nehf;fq;fSld; KjyPl;Lr; rig>

Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jpr; rig kw;Wk; ,yq;if Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig

Mfpadtw;iw kPs;fl;likf;fTs;sJ. kPs;fl;likg;Gr; nrad;KiwahdJ KbTWk;

tiu “mgptpUj;jpf;fhd epWtdk;” vd;w ngahpd; fPo; xU epWtdk; ];jhgpf;fg;gLk;.

196. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Gjpa cyf th;j;jf Nghl;bj; jd;ikfSld; ,yq;ifapy;

cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfshtpa KjyPl;lhsh;fis ,izf;f Ntz;ba Njit

Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;W cyfshtpa kl;lj;jpy; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F ngWkjp

Nrh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. cyfshtpa ngWkjp Kiwikapd; %yk; gy;NtW ehLfspy;

gy;NtW %yg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; rpwe;j Kiwapy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,k;Kiwikf;F ,yq;ifapy; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfshtpa KjyPl;lhsh;fSld;

njhlh;GgLj;Jtjw;F ehk; Kaw;rpnaLg;Nghk;.

49  

197. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehL ,g;NghJ th;j;jfj;jpw;fhfj; jpwe;J

tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfsut gpujkh; mth;fspdhy;; ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Kd;;itf;fg;gl;l

$w;wpd; gpufhuk;> ehl;bd; KjyPl;Lr; #o;epiyia tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F mtrpakhd

rl;lq;fs; Vw;fdNt tiuag;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ey;yhl;rpf;fhd vkJ mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspd;

fhuzkhf gpujhd KjyPl;lhsh;fs; ,e;ehl;by; KjyPL nra;tjw;F kpFe;j Mh;tj;ijf;

fhl;bAs;sdh;.

198. If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 2 gpy;ypad;fSf;F mjpfkhd KjyPL fpilf;ff; $ba tpN~l

Jiwfshf gpd;tUk; Jiwfis ehk; ,dq;fz;Ls;sNshk;:

• vz;nza; Rj;jpfhpg;G

• Gj;jhf;fr; rf;jp

• Xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l Nkhl;lh; thfdq;fspd; jahhpg;G

• gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;fhd cUf;Fg; ghyq;fspd; jahhpg;G

• cuk;> l;hpgpy; Rg;gh; ngh];Ngl; jahhpg;G

• nraw;iff;Nfhs; njhopy;El;gk;

• tpkhdq;fspd; jpUj;jq;fSk;> mjDld; njhlh;Gila Vida MjuTr;

nraw;ghLfSk;

• xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rPdpf; ifj;njhopy;

199. ,e;epiyikapy; KjyPLfisf; fth;tjw;Fs;s xU rpy jilfs; gpd;tUkhW:

• ntspehl;lth;fSf;F fhzpiaf; Fj;jifahf toq;Fk; NghJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

thpia ePf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; gpNuhpg;gNjhL> fhzpfs; ifkhw;wy; tiuaiwr;

rl;lj;jpd; Clhf tpjpf;fg;gl;l ,dq;fhzg;gl;l KjyPLfs; kPjhd chpj;jpd;

kPjhd jilfis ePf;FtJ njhlh;ghf ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;> KjyPLfisf; fth;tJ njhlh;ghd fUj;J kpf

Kf;fpakhd Gs;spahFk;. vdNt> gioikahdJk;> fLikahdJkhd nryhtzpf;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rl;lj;jpid ,uj;Jr; nra;tjw;Fk;> KjyPl;Lf;F el;Gwthd

ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kfhikj;Jt rl;l%yj;;jpid (FEMB), mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gpNuhpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; rhh;f; kw;Wk; cyfpd;

Vida ehLfspdhy; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;G

cUthf;fg;glyhk;.

• ntspehl;L KjyPl;L cl;gha;r;ry;fis Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;> cs;Nehf;fpa

ntspehl;L tUthapd; Clhf tjpahNjhh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfspdhy;

gl;bayplg;gl;l gq;Ffspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; KjyPLfspd; kPjhd

gq;fpyhgq;fspypUe;jhd tUkhdq;fs;> tUkhd thpapypUe;J tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk;.

• KjyPl;Lr; rigfSf;Fg; gjpyhf epWtg;gLk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd epWtdk;

ntspehl;L KjyPl;Lf;fhd tpz;zg;gq;fisg; g+h;j;jp nra;J 50 ehl;fSf;Fs;

th;j;jfj;jpid Muk;gpg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk;. KjyPl;L Nkk;ghl;bw;F ,J

re;Njfkpd;wp nefpo;thd xU gpuNtrkhf mikayhk;.

50  

200. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mjpfstpyhd KjyPLfisf; fth;tjw;Fk; jf;f itj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk; jw;NghJ cs;s Vw;;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G tyaq;fis etPdkag;gLj;jy;

mj;jpahtrpakhf cs;sJ. vdNt> ,t;tyaq;fis Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjw;fhf>

Njitahd epGzj;JtKs;s jdpahh; Jiw Kfhikj;Jtf; fk;gdpfSf;F

xg;gilg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. KjyPl;Lr; rigAk; Gjpa Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G

tyaq;fis ];jhgpg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtNjhL> mtw;iw

eilKiwg;gLj;jpajd; gpd;dh; ,g;Gjpa tyaq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jt eltbf;iffSk;

jdpahh; Jiwf; fk;gdpfSf;F xg;gilf;fg;gLk;.

201. mjp $ba Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fSila ifj;njhopy;fis Gj;jsk;> mk;ghe;Njhl;il

kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp Nghd;w njhpT nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fspy; nraw;gLtjw;F trjpfs;

nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

202. ehl;bd; gpd; jq;fpa gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;F mur fhzpfs; kw;Wk; KjyPL

njhlh;ghd thpr; rYiffSk;> ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; murhq;fj;jpd;

nfhs;ifapid ehL KOtJk; rkepiyahd mgptpUj;jpiag; ngWtJ

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,g;gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; KjyPl;lhsh;fs; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tij

Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf ,g;gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 10 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f

KjyPl;il Nkw;nfhs;Sk; (fhzp fl;llk; ePq;fyhf) my;yJ 500 Gjpa njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; (Gjpa Copah; Nrkyhg epjpf; fzf;FfSld;)

KjyPl;lhsh;fSf;F 5 tUlq;fSf;F 50 rjtPj thpf; Fiwg;ig toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ 800 Ij; jhz;Lkplj;J

,t;thpf; Fiwg;ghdJ 8 tUlq;fshf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;. NkYk; gy;NtW kl;l

rYiffSk; epahag;gLj;jg;gLk;.

203. cuha;T ePf;fp (Lubricant) - jw;NghJ cuha;T ePf;fpr; re;ijahdJ xU rpy

fk;gdpfspdhNyNa Kfhik nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt> ehd; cuha;T ePf;fpr;; re;ijia

jpwe;J tpLtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. $ba ngWkjpr; Nrh;g;Gld; mjp$ba

KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhz;L njhopy; Kaw;rpfis cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd;

Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk;> cuha;T ePf;fpapid KjyPl;Lr; rigapd; vjph;kiwg;

gl;baypypUe;J ePf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

204. jhh; (Bitumen) - tPjpfs; kw;Wk; mjpNtf tPjpfspd; Gdh;eph;khzk; kw;Wk; eph;khzj;ij

tpiuTgLj;Jtjw;F Vw;w tifapy; ,jw;fhd re;ijia jpwe;J tpLtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

205. jw;NghJs;s th;j;jf epiyaq;fis tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; etPd kag;gLj;Jtjw;F

,ae;jpuq;fspy; nra;ag;gLfpd;w KjyPl;bw;Fk; Gjpa Ntiy tha;g;G cUthf;fj;jpdhy;

<l;Lfpd;w ,yhgk; 3 tUlq;fSf;F miuthrp thpr; rYifia toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

206. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 2011 Mk; Mz;L 43 Mk; ,yf;fj;ijf; nfhz;l njhopy;

Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; Fiw gad;ghLila nrhj;Jf;fis kPnsOr;rp nra;Ak; rl;lj;ij

kPsha;T nra;J chpa jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,r;rl;lkhdJ fle;j

murhq;fj;jpdhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L gy KjyPl;lhsh;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. ehd; NkYk;>

,t;turhq;fkhdJ mt;thwhd murpay; rhh;ghd tpUk;gj; jfhj ve;jnthU nraiyAk;

51  

Nkw;nfhs;shJ vd cWjpaspj;Jf; $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,t;turhq;fkhdJ ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf

cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsh;fis ghJfhf;ff; $ba Gjpa rl;lq;fis

mwpKfk; nra;Ak;.

207. fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; cgha mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;; rYiffisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fk;gdpfSf;fhf njhlh;e;Jk; mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;. Gjpa KjyPLfSf;fhf

cgha fUj;jpl;l KjyPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf “Gjpa KjyPLfs;” rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gLk;. ehl;bd; ngsjPfj; Njhw;wj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; gbahd khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;Ltuf;$ba

fyg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; KjyPL nra;Ak; jdpahh; Jiw fk;gdpfSf;Fk; thp

Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. MdhYk; Vw;fdNt

rYiffSf;F tpz;zg;gpj;Js;s fk;gdpfSf;F Gjpa rl;lthf;fk; epYitapYs;sgbahy;

,ilf;fhyj;jpw;F rYiffs; toq;fg;gLk;. ehk; rpwg;G ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ mjp <l;l

thpia tpjpj;Njhk;. gy fk;gdpfs; Kiwapl;ld. ,ij xU Kiw khw;wk; nrYj;Jk;

thpahf mwpKfk; nra;Njhk;. vjph;fhyj;jpy; mt;thwhd mjp <l;l thp tpjpf;fg;gl

khl;lhJ vd;gij ,r;rigf;F mwpaj; jUfpd;Nwd;.

208. cs;tUk; khw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; KjyPl;Lg; gha;r;ry;fs; - nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs>

fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; ehl;by; fhzg;gl;l rl;l xOq;;fw;w epiyAk;> Coy;>

ey;yhl;rpapd;ik> vd;gtw;Wld; $ba #oyhdJ ehl;by; tpahghuq;fspd;

nrayhw;Wifia nghpJk; ghjpj;jJ. Ml;rp khw;wj;Jld; ,e;ehlhdJ tpahghuq;fSf;fhf

rhjf epiyiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ ehl;by; murpay; ];jpuj;jd;ik kw;Wk;

ey;yhl;rp epyTfpd;wilahy; gyh; ehl;by; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F jkJ

tpUg;gj;ij njhptpj;Js;sdh;. ,t;thwhd KjyPl;lhsh;fspd; KjyPLfSf;Fk; kw;Wk;

cs;Nehf;fpa khw;wy;fspdJk; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fhg;GWjp

trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;ff; $ba rh;tNjr epWtdq;fSld; njhlh;G nfhs;tjw;F

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghd;W gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhf jkJ epjpfis

ntspehLfspy; itj;jpUf;Fk; ,yq;ifah;fs; jq;fsJ gzq;fis jha; ehl;bw;Ff;

nfhz;L te;J ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;AkhW ehd; Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk; ehza khw;Wf; fl;Lg;ghl;L jsh;j;jYf;Nfw;wthW ntspehl;L

KjyPl;lhsh;fs; KjyPl;il ehl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L tUkhW Nfl;fg;gl;l gpizaq;fs;

KjyPl;L;f; fzf;if ,y;yhkyhf;f ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. chpa tq;fpfspd; Clhf

nfhz;L tug;gLk;NghJ ve;jnthU mur epWtdj;jpdhYk;> Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gl

khl;lhJ. MfNt ,e;j Vw;ghLfisg; gad;gLj;JkhW epWtdq;fis ehd;

Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

209. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mk;ghe;Njhl;ilj; JiwKfj;ij ClWj;Jr;; nry;Yk;

gpujhd fly; topapD}lhf tUlhe;jk; Vwj;jho 35>000 fg;gy;fSk; 4500 vz;nza;j;

jhq;fpf;fg;gy;fSk; nry;fpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk;> vq;fSila vz;nza;f; Fjq;fspd;

Clhf jw;NghJ xU rpy fg;gy;fSf;F kl;LNk tUlhe;jk; vhpnghUs;

toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Mo;fly; vhpnghUs; Fjkply;

ifj;njhopypy; jdpahh;j;Jiwapdh; <LgLtij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. mjw;fhd

mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fs; ntspg;gilahd Nghl;bj; jd;ikAila tpiy kDf;Nfhuy;fs;

%yk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

52  

210. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fg;gy; fl;Ljy;> fg;gy; cilj;jy; kw;Wk; fg;giyj;

jpUj;Jjy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf mk;ghe;Njhl;il kw;Wk;

jpUNfhzkiyapYs;s mur fhzpfis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

211. NkYk; ehk; ehl;by; Kf;$l;L Rgh; nghRg;Ngw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F nghJj;

JiwNahL jdpahh; Jiwia gq;fhsh;fshfhy;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;

%yk; gris ,wf;Fkjp Fiwtiltjdhy; ntspehl;L ehza Nrkpg;G mjpfhpf;fpd;w

Ntisapy; tptrhapfSf;Fk; ,yF tpiyapy; cuq;fis ngwf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjdhy;

ngUk; epthuzk; ngWth;.

Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G

212. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j jrhg;jkhdJ ehl;bd; Vw;Wkjpj; Jiwapid

gpd;Ndhf;fpj; js;spa xU fhyg;gFjpahFk;. murhq;fj;jpd; FWfpa Nehf;fhd

nfhs;iffspdhy; re;ijfis ,of;f Ntz;bNaw;gl;ljpdhy; ehL cah;e;j ghjfkhd

kPjpiaf; nfhz;ljhfpaJ. nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; gq;fpy; 2000 Mk; Mz;by;

33.3 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; th;j;jf hPjpahd Vw;WkjpahdJ 2014 Mk;

Mz;by; 14.1 rjtPjkhff; Fiwtile;jJ. mNj Ntis> cyfr; re;ijapy;

,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpapd; gq;fhdJ 0.09 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 0.06 rjtPjkhfTk;

,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Fiwtile;Js;sJ. ,e;epiyikahdJ> ,U jug;G kw;Wk; gy jug;G

th;j;jf cld;gbf;iffs; %yk; Vw;Wkjpfis gy;tifg;gLj;jp vkJ epiyia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd chpa eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Ntz;b

epw;fpd;wJ. ntspthhpahd cWjpg;ghl;bw;F epiyNgwhd Vw;Wkjpj; Jiw tsh;r;rp

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ehl;bd; KO nkhj;jkhd nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;Fk; kw;Wk;

mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; fPo;tUk; gy Kf;fpa eltbf;iffis vLf;fTs;Nshk;.

213. nfhs;ifj; jPh;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; jlq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; ,ilA+Wfis ePf;ff; $baJkhd xU cah;kl;l epu;thfk; cUthf;fg;gl;L mjD}lhf ehl;bd; Vw;Wkjp

cghaq;fs; ntw;wpfukhf mKy;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL> khj;jpuk; my;yhky; fz;fhzpf;fg;Gk;

nra;ag;gLk;. MfNt> mjpNkjF [dhjpgjpapd; jiyikapyhd nfsut gpujk mikr;rh;

kw;Wk; chpa mikr;rh;fis cs;slf;fpa mikr;rh;fspd; Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jpg; Nguit

cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G> mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; trjpaspg;G

eltbf;iffspy; <LgLk; midj;J gq;fhsh;fspdJk; rf;jpahdJ

xUKfg;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL> epWtdq;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; ,ul;il khjphp Ntiyfs;

ePf;fg;gLtNjhL> Vw;wkjpj;Jiw Kd;Ndw;wk; njhlh;ghf njhlh; fz;fhzpg;G

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; Vw;Wkjpj; Jiwapd; ePz;lfhy kw;Wk; eLj;ju fhy

,yf;Ffis rpwg;ghf mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fisAk; toq;f KbAk;.

214. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;if fl;lhakhf cs;Nehf;fpa cghaq;fs;

khj;jpuky;yhky; ntspNehf;fpa cghaq;fis gpd;gw;wy; Ntz;Lk;. vkJ cs;s+h;

ifj;njhopy; Jiwfshd tq;fpj; Jiw> eph;khzj; Jiw> fy;tpj; Jiw> Nghd;wd

ehlbd; vy;iyfSf;F ntspapyhd Gjpa re;ijfis milaf; $ba ,aysitf;

nfhz;ljhFk;. MfNt> ,t;thwhd re;jh;g;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sf; $ba

Kiwapy; trjpfis nra;J nfhLg;gjw;fhf murhq;fk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd;

gq;fspg;Gld; Muk;g KjyPlhf &gh 25 gpy;ypad; KjyPl;Lld; Vw;wkjp ,wf;Fkjp

tq;fpia (EXIM) cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;Ntw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp

53  

tq;fpahdJ 2016 Vg;hpy; 01 Mk; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J nraw;gLk;. ,J fk;gdpahf

nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; epuy; gLj;jg;gLk;.

215. cs;s+h; jdpahh;j;Jiw fk;gdpfs; Fwpg;ghf kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpAld; njhlh;Ggl;l

fk;gdpfs; jkJ nraw;ghLfis ntspehLfSf;F tphpTgLj;jpAs;sikia ehd; kpfTk;

kfpo;r;rpahff; $wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy;> ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigAk;>

kpd; cw;gj;jp> kpd;khw;wy; kw;Wk; kpd;rhu tpepNahfk; vd;gtw;wpy; jkJ nraw;ghLfis

ntspehLfspy; tpahgpg;gjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. Vw;fdNt gy cs;ehl;L fk;gdpfs;

jkJ nraw;ghLfis cfz;lh kw;Wk; jd;rhdpa Nghd;w ehLfspy; kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp

njhlu;gpy; tpahgpj;Js;sJ.

216. ,yq;if J}Jtuhyaq;fs; Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;gpy; gpujhd gq;fhw;wf; $bad vd;gJ

ehq;fs; midtUk; mwpe;j tplaNk. MfNt> ntspehl;L J}Jtuhyaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;

th;j;jf myif cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,yq;ifj;

J}juhyaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; th;j;jf myif cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,yq;ifj; J}Jtuhyaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; th;j;jf myfhdJ

cs;s+h; tpahghhpfs; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; njhlh;ghf fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; re;ij

topfhl;liyg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gij fl;lhag;gLj;JtNjhL> mit th;j;jfj; jpizf;fsk;

kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jpr; rigapd; ,izaj; jsq;fspy; gpuRhpf;FkhWk; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

217. NkYk;> Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jpr; rigahdJ Vw;Wkjpfis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy;;

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL> ,yq;if Vw;Wkjpg; nghUl;fSf;fhd Gjpa re;ijfis

mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F kpfTk; RWRWg;Gld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjhL Fwpg;ghf

jfty; njhopy;El;gk;> thridj; jputpaq;fs;> khzpf;ff;fw;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs;

vd;gtw;wpd; tu;j;jfehk Cf;Ftpg;G kw;Wk; Gjpa re;ijfis fz;L gpbj;jy; vd;gtw;wpy;

<Lgly; Ntz;Lk; vdTk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

218. ,yq;if Vw;Wkjp fld; fhg;GWjpf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ> Vw;Wkjpf; fhg;GWjp vy;iyfis tphpTgLj;jp Nkk;gLj;Jtjd; Clhf vkJ Vw;Wkjpahsh;fs; Gjpa re;ijfis mile;J

nfhs;tjw;fhd ,aYkhd R+oiy cUthf;f ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. tpN~lkhf

mjhtJ> rh;tNjr re;ijapy; Eioaf; $ba rhj;jpaq;fshff; $ba vkJ rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fsf;F chpa MjuTfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpy; $Ljy;

ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

cj;jpNahf G+u;t xJf;Ffs;

219. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; Kfhik rf;jpia

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ntspehl;L ehza ,Ug;gpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid

ehd; kPz;Lk; topAWj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy vd epidf;fpd;Nwd;. nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

Nritfs; Vw;Wkjpapd; Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; KjyPl;L cs;tUtha;fs; %yk; $ba

mstpyhd ntspehl;L khw;wy; cUthf;fg;gLk;. NkYk;> 2016 Mk; Mz;bd; [{d; khj

Kbtpy; mjpfhu g+h;tkhd ehza ,Ug;ghdJ If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh 10

gpy;ypad;fshf ,Uf;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.

220. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Vw;Wkjpahsh;fs; jkJ ,yq;iff;f ntspapyhd jdJ

Vw;Wkjp tUkhdj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa 30 rjtPjj;jpid my;yJ I.m.nlh. 3 gpy;ypad;fis

ntspehLfspy; epWj;jp itj;J tpl;L Fiwe;jsT tUkhdj;ijNa cs;ehl;Lf;F

54  

mDg;Gfpd;wdh; vd fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ehq;fs; jw;NghJ nefpo;thd ehzakhw;W

tPj nfhs;ifia Nehf;fp Kd;NdwpAs;Nshk;. MfNt> Vw;Wkjpahsh;fs; jkJ Vw;Wkjp

tUkhdj;ij ehl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L tuhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhd vt;tpj fhuzq;fisAk;

$wKbahJ. MfNt> ehd; midj;J Vw;Wkjpahsh;fsplj;jpYk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;tJ

vd;dntd;why;> jkJ KOikahd Vw;Wkjp tUkhdq;fisAk; ehl;Lf;Fs;

nfhz;LtUk;gb Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. murhq;fkhdJ Vw;Wkjpahsh;fspd;

tpahghuq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F mtrpakhd rhj;jpakhd jsj;ij

cUthf;fpAs;sikapdhy; ,jid xU gzpthd Ntz;LNfhshf Kd;itf;fpd;Nwd;.

221. vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F ntspehl;L xJf;Ffis ];jpug;gLj;j

Ntz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid ehd; kPz;Lk; typAWj;jpf; $w Ntz;ba

mtrpakpy;iy. nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; Vw;Wkjp tUkhdk; kw;Wk; mjpfhpj;j

KjyPl;L cl;gha;r;ry;fspdhy; 2016 Mk; Mz;L [_d; khj ,Wjpapy; 10 gpy;ypad;

I.m.nlhyh;fshf mjpfhug+h;t xJf;Ffs; mjpfhpf;Fnkd ehd; vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.

rh;tNjr th;j;jfk;

222. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> jw;NghJs;s ,wf;Fkjp kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr;

rl;lkhdJ mDkjpg;gj;jpu Kiwikia cUthf;fpAs;sJld; mjdhy; ehl;il juk;

Fiwe;j nghUl;fis Ftpf;Fk; jskhf khwpf; nfhz;bUg;gij jLf;f KbahJs;sJ.

jw;NghJs;s rl;l tiuTfis ePf;fp Gjpa rl;lj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;j ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpahsh;fSf;F xU rkepiyahd

jsj;ij toq;FtNjhL> ehl;by; xU nraw;wpwdhd ,wf;Fkjp kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp

KiwikAk; cUthf;Fk;.

223. vkJ rh;tNjr th;j;jff; nfhs;if Ntiyr;rl;lfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;

rh;tNjr th;j;jf Kftuhz;ikia cUthf;Ftjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. If;fpa

mnkhpf;fh> rPdh> njd; nfhhpah> rpq;fg;g+h;> mT];jpNuypah> njd; Mgphpf;fh kw;Wk;

[g;ghd; Nghd;w ehLfSld; Rje;jpu th;j;jf cld;gbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd

rhj;jpaj; jd;ikia fz;lwpAkhW Ntz;bf; nfhs;tNjhL> [P. v];. gP gps];

KiwikapD}lhf INuhg;ghTf;fhd Vw;Wkjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

eltbf;iffisAk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

fhzp

224. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mur fhzpfspd; gad;ghl;il cr;rg;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; mur

fhzpfs; njhlh;ghf Kiwaw;w nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis xopf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;; xU “fhzp

tq;fpia” mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J muRf;F chpikahd

fhzpfs; njhlh;ghd ,yj;jpudpay; juTj; jsj;ijAk; nfhz;ljhFk;.

,e;eltbf;iffSf;fhf ehd; &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

jfty; njhlh;G njhopy;El;g Kftuhz;ik epWtdk; ,yj;jpudpay; juTj; jsj;jpw;F

,j;jfty;fs; cldbahf khw;wg;gLtij cWjp nra;Ak;. mjd; gpd;G ,j;juTj; jsk;

jdpahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fhzpfspd; juTfis cs;thq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

55  

tPlikg;G

225. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,t;turhq;fk; midtUf;Fk; ,Ug;gpl trjpapidg;

ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F cWjp g+z;Ls;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;glhj kw;Wk;

Fiw ghtidAila mur fhzpfs; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.

226. Nrhp tho; kf;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; ntspg;gLj;jg;glhj f~;lq;fis ehd; ed;F

mwpe;jtd;. ,g;gpur;rpidahdJ rhjp> ,dk;> kjk; kw;Wk; nghUspay; vd;gtw;Wf;Fk;

mg;ghy; Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> r%f mgptpUj;jp> vd;gtw;wpy; kl;Lky;yhky; murpaypYk;

jhf;fk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt> ehl;bd; gpui[fshd mth;fsJ gpur;rpidfisAk;

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tJ vkJ flikahFk;. MfNt> vjph;tUk; 5 Mz;Lfspy; mur>

jdpahh; gq;Flikapd; fPo; Nrhp tho; kf;fSf;F 100>000 tPl;L myFfis eph;khzpj;J

toq;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNj Ntis> kPs; Fbakh;j;jypd; NghJ mth;fsJ

tho;thjhuk; kw;Wk; r%f tiyaikg;G ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfhJ vd;gJk; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.

227. jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;Gld; eLj;ju kl;l murhq;f kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiw

Copah;fSf;F 150>000 tPl;L myFfisAk; murhq;fj;jpd; rpNu~;l Copah;fSf;fhf

5>000 tPl;L myFfisAk; epahakhd tpiyapy; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F murhq;fk; jpl

rq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ. ,t;tPLfshdJ nfhOk;G> aho;g;ghzk;> fz;b>khj;jiw>

kl;lf;fsg;G> Gj;jsk; kw;Wk; FUehfy; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; cs;s mur fhzpfspy;

eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. mur Copah;fs; tPLfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf fld; trjpfs;>

nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLtNjhL> jdpahh; Jiw KjyPl;lahsh;fSf;F miu thp tpLKiw

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,t;tPl;L myFfisr; Rw;wp Vida r%f mbg;gil trjpfSk;

nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

228. fpuhkpa kf;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; vkJ murhq;fk; Gjpa fpuhkpa

tPlikg;Gj; jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jk; murhq;fkhdJ nrytpid FbapUg;ghsh;fSld;

gfph;e;J nfhs;Sk;. 500 rJu mb epyg;gug;igf; nfhz;l tPl;ilf; fl;bf; nfhs;tjw;F

murhq;fkhdJ mjpf gl;rkhf &gh 300>000 &ghit fl;lk; fl;lkhf ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;Fk;. murhq;fkhdJ> xt;nthU Njh;jy; njhFjpapYk; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 5>000

tPLfisahtJ eph;khzpf;Fk; . ,jw;fhf &gh 4>500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

229. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl;lisr; rl;lk;> Rth;z g+kp kw;Wk; cjhfk Mfpadtw;wpd; fPo;

fhzp kw;Wk; tPLfis ngw;W mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;Jld; 10 tUlq;fSf;F Nky;

FbapUe;jth;fSf;F mtw;wpd; chpikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; Njitahd

rl;l jpUj;jq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,t;tpjp tpyf;fhdJ 10 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; mur

tPLfs; kw;Wk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw tPLfspy; tho;gth;fSf;Fk; tpupthf;fg;gLk;.

230. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ntt;NtW cs;Suhl;rp rigfs; ntt;NtW tifahd

nrhj;J tupfis mKy;gLj;JtJ tup nrYj;Jgtu;fSf;F kpFe;j ghjpg;gpid

nfhLf;fpd;wJ. vdNt cs;Suhl;rp rigfspd; tup mwtPLfs; tUlhe;j tu;j;jf

ngWkjpapy; 15 rjtPjj;ij kPWjy; $lhJ vd;gjid ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;

tUlhe;j nrhj;J kjpg;G &gha; 500 my;yJ mjw;F Fiwe;jjhf ,Ue;jhy; tup tpyf;F

mspf;fTk; ehd; gupe;Jiuf;fpd;Nwd;.

231. kpd;rf;jp Nrkpg;gpid Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tPl;Lupikahsu;fis R+upa rf;jpia

gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; tupj; NjitfspNy fzprkhd tupf; Fiwg;Gfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Cf;fg;gLj;JfpNwd;.

56  

232. jw;Nghija eilKiwf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tifapy; eilKiwapy; cs;s thlif kw;Wk;

tPl;L Mjdq;fs; kPjhd tiuaiw njhlh;ghd rl;lq;fs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLk;.

233. NkYk; $l;L Mjdq;fspy; KjypLk; ntspehl;ltu;fSf;F cs;Su; tq;fpfspD}lhf

cs;Su; gzj;jpy; Mjdj;jpd; 40 rjtPj ngWkhdKs;s fld;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

eph;khzj; Jiw

234. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs;Sh; eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; fle;j

jrhg;jj;jpy; mth;fspd; nrayhw;Wif njhlh;ghf ghuhl;LfpNwd;. ,f;ifj;njhopy;

JiwahdJ ntspehLfspy; re;jh;g;gq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba mstpy; Kjph;T

mile;Js;sJ. vkJ murhq;fkhdJ ,t;thwhd njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; gq;F

nfhs;tjw;F jplrq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ. MfNt> ntspehl;L re;ij tha;g;Gf;fis ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s KaYk; fk;gdpfSf;F mit ,yq;iff;F ntspapy; ciof;Fk;

tUkhdq;fSf;F ghjp tpfpjk; cl;gl gy thp eyd;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;glTs;sd.

NkYk;> ,yq;ifapd; eph;khzg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf cs;tUk; ve;j xU

ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpAk;; cs;@h; eph;khzf; fk;gdpfSld; fl;lhak; $l;L Kaw;rpia

cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

235. eph;khzj; Jiw ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjp mwtPl;bid ePf;Ftjw;F Kd;

nkhopfpNwd;. ,jd; %yk; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fs;

Cf;Ftpf;fg;ggLtNjhL> midtUf;Fk; rkkhd xU jsk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. Kd;

nkhopag;glTs;s Njrpa tPlikg;G tq;fpahdJ mtrpakhd cj;juthjj;jpid

toq;FtJld; kj;jpag;gLj;jg;gl;l nrayhw;WifapD}lhf eph;khzj; Jiwf;

ifj;njhopYf;F MjuTk; mspf;Fk;.

236. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; JiwahdJ mth;fSf;F fpilf;f

Ntz;ba epYitfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ fLk; rpukq;fis vjph; nfhs;s

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jdhy;> rpwpa epWtdq;fspd; njhlh; nraw;ghLfs; ghjpg;gile;J

tq;FNuhj;J epiyia vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;wJ. MfNt> ehd; nfhLg;gdT cj;juthj

ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;ij Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J mth;fs; epYitfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;F NghJkhd cWjpia mspf;Fk;.

237. eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; JiwahdJ kzy; Nghd;w %yg;nghUl;fs;pd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy;

nghpJk; ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. MfNt eph;khzj;Jiwf;F mtrpakhd jukhd kziyg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; Mo;fly; kziyg; ngw;W mjidf; fOTtjw;F

mtrpakhd ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. mj;jifa

,wf;Fkjpfspd; nrytPdq;fs; ,ul;ilf; fopT ngWk; thpahff; fUjg;gLtjw;F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

238. ,Uk;G> gPq;fhd;> XL> Rfhjhu cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;w fl;ll eph;khzg; nghUl;fs; cah;

tpiy kw;Wk; gw;whf;Fiwia ePf;Fk; Kfkhf ,tw;wpd; ,wf;FkjpAld; njhlh;ghd

fl;lzq;fs; fPo; Nehf;fpr; rPuhf;fk; nra;ag;gLk;. NkYk;> ,yq;if KjyPl;Lr; rigapd;

vjph;kiw epuypy; ,Ue;J gPq;fhd;> XL> $iuj; jfL> kw;Wk; kyry $l cgfuzq;fs;;

ePf;fg;gLk;. ghuk; J}f;fpfs;> nfhq;fpwPl; fyit ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpf;

fl;lzq;fs; ePf;fg;gLk;. NkYk;> mjpf ghuk; $ba eph;khzj; Jiw ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs;

kPjhd ,wf;Fkjp taJf; fl;Lg;ghL jw;NghJ 7 tUlq;fspypUe;J 10 tUlq;fshf

mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;;.

57  

239. &gh 50 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Fiwthd murhq;f ngWif xg;ge;jq;fs; kPjhd rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju eph;khz xg;ge;jq;fSf;fhd Ntiyfis Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd Kw;gzj;ij

mjpfhpg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; mth;fsJ fhRg;gha;r;riy Nkk;gLj;j

KbAk;.

240. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fl;ll eph;khzj; Jiwapy; jpwd; nfhz;l

njhopyhsh;fSf;F cah; Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt> mur jdpahh; gq;Flik

mbg;gilapy; jdpahh; Jiw eph;khzf; ifj;njhopy; epWtdq;fspdhy; njhopy;rhh;

eilKiwg;gapw;rp mspf;fg;gLk; xt;nthU gapw;rpahsUf;Fk; &gh 10>000

murhq;fj;jpdhy; %d;W khjq;fSf;F gapw;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;

fPo; xt;nthU fhyhz;bYk; Nkrd;> jr;R> Foha;> nghUj;Jif kpd;dpay;> kw;Wk;

mYkpdpak; ,izg;Gj; Jiwfs; Rkhh; 7>500 ,isQh;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLth;. ,jw;fhf

&gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfp;d;Nwd;.

Rw;Wyh

241. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; kpfTk;

cWjpahd xU Jiwahf njhlh;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J 2015 Mk; Mz;bd; Kjy; 10

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; 1.5 kpy;ypad; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; tUif gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

2014 Mk; Mz;bd; mNjfhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; ,J 18 rjtPj mjpfhpg;ghFk;.

vt;thwhapDk;> vkJ ehl;il ehk; chpa Kiwapy; re;ijg;gLj;jg;glhikiaapl;L ehd;

ftiyg;gLfpNwd;.

242. ,J njhlh;gpy; fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf ehq;fs; gy Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Lk; mit

VJk; rhj;jpag;gltpy;iy. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghl;bj;jd;ikia fUj;jpw;

nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,yq;if tpUk;gj;jF Rw;Wyhj; jskhf njhlh;e;Jk; Ngzg;gly;

Ntz;Lkhapd; ,yq;ifapy; rpwg;ghf Fwpg;gplg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf> ,yq;if

Rw;Wyh Nkk;gLj;jy; gzpafkhdJ Gjpa re;ijfis fz;L gpbg;gjw;fhf Fwpg;ghf J}u

fpof;F ehLfspd; re;ijiaf; ftUk; tifapy; rpwg;ghd Nkk;gLj;jy; eltbf;iffis

Muk;gpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

243. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapy; jFjpahd MszpapdUf;Fg; ngUk;

jl;Lg;ghL epyTfpd;wJ vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPh;fs;. ,g;gpur;rpidia jPh;g;gjw;fhf

jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;Gld; ,isQh;fSf;F cgrhpg;Gj; Jiwapy; gapw;rpaspg;gjw;F

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. xt;nthU fhyhz;bYk; 3000 ,isQh;fSf;F gapw;rpaspf;Fk;

tifapy; 3 khjq;fs; epiyahd gapw;rpf; fhykhff; nfhz;l xU gapw;rp newpf;F mjp

$ba njhifahf &gh 15000 tiuapy; 50 rjtPj gapw;rpf; fl;lzj;ij murhq;fj;jpdhy;

ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

244. NkYk;> jdpahh; Jiw N`hl;ly;fs; ,j;jifa gapw;rpg; ghlrhiyfis

cUthf;Ftjw;F Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Fk; tifapy; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp Jiwf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s Kk;klq;F fopT thpr;rYifia ,e;epWtdq;fSf;Fk; toq;Ftjw;F

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

245. $l;lq;fs; Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fs;> khehLfSk; fz;fhl;rpfSk; my;yJ (MICE) vd

miof;fg;gLk; Jiwia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf gz;lhu ehaf;fh Qhgfhh;j;j kz;lgk;>

neYk; nghf;Fd muq;F kw;Wk; Gjpa efu kz;lgj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; etPd

trjpfsld; $ba fz;fhl;rpf; $lk; mikf;fg;gLk;. ,J 7000 ,Uf;if trjpfSld;

58  

jdpahh; Jiw gq;fspg;Gld; eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpf;Fk;

Nehf;fpy; MICE Jiwapy; <LgLtjw;fhf tpN~lkhf cUtrhf;fg;gl;l fk;gdpfSf;F

%d;W tUlq;fSf;F 50 rjtPj tpLKiw mspg;gjw;W Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. mj;NjhL

ehd; ,jw;fhf &gh.3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;;Nwd;.

246. Rw;Wyhg; gpuahzpfspdhy; $Ljyhd msT gzj;ij nrytspg;gij

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhfTk; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifia gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Mlk;gug; nghUl; nfhs;tdT

jskhf khw;Wtjw;Fk; cilfs;>,yj;jpudpay;> kw;Wk; kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk;

Vida Jizg; nghUl;fs; kPjhd thpfis rPuhf;fk; nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

247. ehza khw;whsh;fs; - kj;jpa tq;fpapd; mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk;

topfhl;ly;fSf;Fl;gl;L me;epa ehzakhw;W tpahghuj;ij NkYk; ,yFgLj;Jtjw;F

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

248. ,yq;ifahdJ> fyhrhu> kj> R+oypay;> kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj;ij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;l

Rw;Wyhg; gpuahzpfis fth;tjpy; mjp $ba rhj;jpaj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;ljhFk;.

fyhrhu Kf;Nfhz gpuhe;jpak;> fpof;F flw;fiu> Etnuypah> gJis kw;Wk; kiyehL

vd;gd fth;r;rpahd Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fshf khw;wg;gLtjw;F mtrpakhd eltbf;iffs;

vLf;fg;gLk;. jdpahh; Jiw gq;fspg;Gld; nge;Njhl;il> NjJt> kpwp];]> kw;Wk;

nfhOk;Gf; Nfhl;il> vd;gd tpN~l Rw;wyh tyaq;fshf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy;

tpN~l ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLk;. NkYk;> fhyp Nfhl;ilahdJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;L fhyp

efukhdJ tuyhw;W efukhf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;eltbf;fifSf;F &gh 500

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

249. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kUj;Jt Rw;Wyh> Fwpg;ghf vkJ RNjr

itj;jpaj;JiwahdJ ehl;Lf;F Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis ftuf; $ba xU Kf;fpa

fhuzpahFk;. vt;thwhapDk;> cah; juj;jpid guhkhpg;G kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhifahy;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj eilKiwfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ. MfNt> ,j;Jiwia

rhpahd Kiwapy; top elhj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd nghUj;jkhd rl;l tpjpfis

mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

250. Nkhrkhd Kfhik fhuzkhf mur clikahd tpLjpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs;

kpfTk; ghjpg;Gw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. midj;J chpj;jhsh;fisAk; gq;Fjhuhh;fshff;

nfhz;l xU Kfhikj;Jt fk;gdpapd; fPo; ,t;tidj;J Rw;Wyh tpLjpfisAk; nfhz;L

tUtjw;F Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. ,itfs; njhopy; ty;Ydh;fshy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL>

khj;jpuky;yhJ epahakhd tpiyapy; rpwg;ghd trjpfSk; toq;Fk; tifapy;

juKah;j;jg;gLk;.

251. ehk; NkYk; fz;fhl;rp $lk; xd;iw mur jdpahu; gq;fspg;gpD}lhf ghuhSkd;w

fl;blj;jpw;F mUfpy; epu;khzpf;f cs;Nshk;.

252. ehd; NkYk; gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fspy; fUg;G+q;fhf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F

gupe;Jiuf;fpd;Nwd;. mj;Jld; mjw;fhf mur fhzpfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; miuthrp tup

tpLKiwfis 10 tUl fhyj;jpw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J mg;gpuNjrq;fspy;

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffis tpupTgLj;Jtjw;fhd Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; Xa;TNeu

fspg;G nraw;ghLfis tpupTgLj;jy;fs; %ykhd ed;ikfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.

253. ehl;by; jw;NghJ nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfspy; 60 rjtPjkhdit

gjptw;wjhFk;. ,J ehl;by; cgrhpg;Gj; Jiwapy; chpa juq;fisg; NgZtjpy; gy

rpf;fy;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt> 2016 khh;r; 31 mk; jpfjpapy; midj;J Rw;Wyh

tpLjpfSk; Rw;wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigapy; fl;lhak; gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;

59  

vd Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. gjpT nra;ag;glhky; ,aq;Fk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfSf;F vjpuhf

fLikahd eltbf;iffis Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigahdJ Nkw;nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Kd; nkhopfpNwd;.

254. el;rj;jpu tFg;G tifg;gLj;jYf;F mikthf Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs; Gus;tpd; kPJ mjpf

gl;rkhf 3 rjtPjk; fl;lzk; tpjpf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf th;j;jf rigfspd; $l;likg;gpy;

gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs; th;j;jf rk;Nksdj;jpdhy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s

el;rj;jpu tFg;Gf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;litahf mika Ntz;Lk;.

255. tpLjp thfdq;fs;> Rw;Wyhg; glFfs;> ePh;r;rWf;F cgfuzq;fs;> tpirg;glFfs; kw;Wk;

rpwpa Rw;Wyhf; fg;gy;fs; kPjhd ,wf;Fkjp fl;lzq;fis ePf;Ftjw;F

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tq;fp kw;Wk; epjpapay;

nfhOk;G ru;tNjr epjp ikak; (CIFC) 256. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehq;fs; gy tUlq;fshf epjp ikankhd;W njhlu;ghf

fijf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; mJ rhj;jpakhftpy;iy. cyf rdj;njhifapd; ehd;fpy; xU

gFjpia jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s rhu;f; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; vkJ ngsjPf hPjpahd

miktplkhdJ mj;jifanjhU Kaw;rpf;F $Ljy; re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ. epjp

ikakhdJ nghUshjhuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpia J}z;Lk; rf;jpiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J

cz;ikapy; vq;fsplkpUe;J rpy Kjpu;Tfis Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ tpNrlkhf

ngsjpf kw;Wk; vz;zpk fl;likg;G trjpfs; kdpjtsk; xOq;FgLj;jy; kw;Wk; rl;l

epjp cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshFk;. ,t;turhq;fkhdJ rhj;jpakhd tplaq;fspy; gzj;ij

KjypLtjpy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; ehq;fs; nfhOk;G ru;tNjr

epjp ikaj;jpid cUthf;FNthk;.

257. ,f;Fwpg;gpl;l tyak; Lgha; ru;tNjr epjp ikak; kw;Wk; cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspy;

fhzg;gLk; fiufle;j epjp ikaq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,t;tyakhdJ

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l b.Mu; tp[atu;jd khtj;ijf;Fs; cs;slf;fg;gLtJld; 300>000 rJu

mbfisf; nfhz;l fl;blj; njhFjpAk; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. epjp ika xOq;FgLj;jy;

Njitg;ghl;bw;F mika epjpikaj;jpw;Nf cupj;jhd Kiwapy; tu;j;jf uPjpahd

gpzf;Ffis kpf tpiuthfTk; kw;Wk; epaha Kiwapy; jPu;g;gjw;fhf mJ tu;j;jf ePjp

kd;wj;ijAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,k;Kaw;rpahdJ fle;j murhq;fj;jpd; frpNdh

#jhl;l vz;zf; fUtpid xU rpwg;ghd epjp ikankd;w tpahghu Kaw;rpahf

khw;wpAs;snjd;Nw ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;. mJ gy vz;zpf;ifapyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpfis

cUthf;Fk;. ehq;fs; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; rh;tNjr tq;fpfis ,e;epjpaj;jpypUe;J

,aq;FkhWk; ,e;epiyaj;jpd; xU gFjpahf miof;fpd;Nwhk;. 2016 Vg;uy; 1 Mk;

jpfjpapypUe;J mjd; nraw;ghLfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

tu;j;jf tq;fpfs;

258. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 32

tq;fpfisAk; 48 epjpf; fk;gdpfisAk; ehq;fs; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. tq;fpfs; jhq;fshfNt

fpilahd tpupthf;fj;jpy; <LgLtjdhy; ,yq;ifapd; tq;fpj;Jiwapd; CLUtyhdJ

Fwpg;gpLk; gbahf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. jw;NghJ vkJ tq;fpfshdJ jd;dpaf;f fhR

kPsg;ngwy; ,ae;jpu trjpfs; ,yj;jpudpay; tq;fp trjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida tq;fp

60  

trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjdhy; mitfs; tq;fpfis thbf;ifahsu;fspd; fhybapy;

nfhz;L Nrh;j;Js;sd. ehd; tq;fpj; Jiwapdiu mtu;fspd; tpupthf;fj;jpw;fhf

nkr;RfpNwd;. mNjNtis vkJ tq;fpfshdJ gpizapid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

fld; toq;Ftjpy; jk;ik ikag;gLj;jpAs;sNjhL tpahghu khjphpapyhd fld;

toq;fYf;Fg; gpddpw;fpd;wij fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,J ehl;bd; rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; cUthf;fYf;Fj; jilahf cs;sJ.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ tq;fpj; JiwahdJ Kiwikahd

Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd xU rpy tq;fpfisAk; kw;Wk; rpy rpwpa mstpyhd

tq;fpfisAk; nfhz;ljhFk;. tq;fpfs; RNar;irahf ,iztij ehq;fs;

tuNtw;fpd;Nwhk;. Vnddpy; mjd;%yk; cWjpahd Ie;njhifia

cUthf;fyhk;. mJ rpwe;j jug;gLj;jiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNjhL cs;ehl;L

kw;Wk; ntspehl;L re;ijapy; tphpthd EioTf;Fk; toptFf;Fk;. ehd;

kPz;Lk; typAWj;JtJ vd;dntdpy; ,t;thwhd ,izTfspd; NghJ

midj;J juj;jpyhd Copau;fspdJk; njhopy; ghJfhg;G cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp epjpf;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;ijAk; kw;Wk; mur <l;L KjyPl;L tq;fpiaAk; ,izj;J

kpfTk; cWjpahd kw;Wk; nghpa mstpyhd Njrpa tPlikg;G tq;fpiaAk;

yq;fh Gj;u mgptpUj;jp tq;fpia gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpAld;

,izj;J ,yq;if njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapidAk;

cUthf;FtNjhL ,yq;if Nrkpg;G tq;fpahdJ Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fpAld;

,izf;fg;gLk;.

• jptpneFk tq;fpahdJ Vwf;Fiwa &gh 59 gpy;ypad; KjyPl;Lg;

gl;baiyf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,j;jifanjhU njhifia Kfhik

nra;tjw;fhd ,aysT mt;tq;fpaplk; ,y;iy. ,t;tq;fpapy; cs;s

gzj;jpd; chpikahsHfs; vkJ r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; eypthdtu;fshFk;.

MfNt mjidg; ghJfhg;gJ vkJ flikahFk;. MfNt> ,t;tq;fpapYs;s

itg;Gf;fspd; ghJfhg;gpidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;Lk; njhopy; hPjpahd

Kfhikia cWjpnra;Ak; Nehf;fpYk; ,t;tq;fpapid Njrpa Nrkpg;G

tq;fpAld; njhlHGgLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

259. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; ngw;w tu;j;jf tq;fpfs; jkJ gpujhd

eltbf;iffspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Fj;jif tpahghukhdJ tq;fpfspd;

gpujhd eltbf;iffSf;F mopit Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt ,t;tq;fpfs; 2016 a+d; 1

Mk; jpfjpAld; Fj;jif tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLtij epWj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

260. ,d;W tq;fpfs; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; rpy Jiwfs; kPJ fld;

toq;Ftjw;F jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;wd. Mjyhy; ,j;Jiwfspd; Kd;Ndw;wkhdJ

ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. midj;J tq;fpfSk; jdJ fld; gl;baypy; 10 rjtPjj;ij

tptrhaj; Jiwf;Fk;> 5 rjtPjj;ij rpwpa kw;wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;Fk;> 5

rjtPjj;ij ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ,isQu;fSf;F fld;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf

xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. ru;tNjr re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; jq;fj;jpw;fhd tpiyapd; jhf;fk;

fhuzkhf cs;@u; tq;fpfs; kpf tprhykhd eifaPl;L KjyPl;Lg; gl;baiyAk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. ehd; tq;fpj; Jiwaplk; Ntz;bf;nfhs;tJ ahnjdpy;> jdJ fld;

gl;baypy; mlF fld; gl;baiy 5 rjtPjj;jpw;F tiuaWj;Jf; nfhs;SkhWk; NkYk;

61  

tq;fpfs; jkJ thbf;ifahsu;fs; gq;Fr; re;ij eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;F fld;

toq;Ftij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

261. eif mlF gpbf;Fk; rl;lj;ij jpUj;jp mlF tpahghu gjpTf;fhd fl;lzj;ij &gh

25>000 Mf cau;j;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

262. Njrpa nfhLg;gdTfs; Nguit ,J ehl;by; midj;Jf; nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk;

jPh;g;gdTfs; njhlu;ghd jPh;khdk; vLf;Fk; Njrpa mikg;ghFk;. ehl;bd; epjp Kiwik

mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd murhq;fj;jpd; cghaj;jpd; xU gFjpahf

,e;epWtdKk; kPsha;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,JTk; nfhOk;G epjp ikaj;jpid

cUthf;Ftjw;F trjpaspf;fpd;wJ.

263. tq;fpf; fzf;Ffspy; NghjpasT gzkpd;wp Kiwaw;w Kiwapy; tpahghuk; nra;fpd;wdh;.

,jd;NghJ Vw;gLk; kWf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiyfs; vd;gJ xU ghupa rpf;fyhd

gpur;rpidahFk;. xU Neu;ikahd tpahghuf; fyhrhuj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;

thbf;ifahsu;fis ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; kWf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiyfs; xU Fw;wtpay;

rl;lj;jpYs;s jtnwhd;whff; nfhz;L mt;thwhd Fw;wthspfSf;F fLikahd rl;l

eltbf;if vLg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

264. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,uz;L tq;fpfisj; jtpu ve;jnthU cs;@u; tq;fpAk;

ru;tNjr hPjpapy; jkJ nraw;ghLfis tpupthf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; re;ju;g;gq;fNsh

mjpfnkd ehd; ek;GfpNwd; mt;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fis mile;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd

,ayit vkJ tq;fpfs; nfhz;Ls;sd. MfNt jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; tup

Cf;Ftpg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp tq;fpfs; jkJ nraw;ghLfis ntspehLfspy;

tp];jupg;gij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpNwd;.

265. NkYk;> cs;@h; fk;gdpfs; jkJ tpahghu tpupthf;fy; eltbff;ifSf;F mtrpakhd

%yjdj;ij jkJ Ie;njhifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ru;tNjr %yjdr;

re;ijfspypUe;J fldhfg; ngWtij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. flidg; ngWk;

fk;gdpahdJ nryhtzp Mgj;ij jhq;fpf; nfhs;tNjhL flDf;fhd tl;b tpfpjkhdJ

re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; tl;b tpfpjj;Jld; xd;wpize;J nry;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. fld;

jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jy; kw;Wk; tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfshdJ kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy;

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.

266. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ tq;fpfs; jkJ fly;fle;j eltbf;iffis

tpupthf;FtijAk; ntspehl;L nryhtzpfis kj;jpa tq;fpapy; itg;Gr; nra;tijAk;

ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j ehl;bd; mjpAau; ,Ug;gpid cWjpg;gLj;JtNjhL cs;@u;

tq;fpfSf;F tu;j;jf eltbf;ifSf;F mjpf cs;@u; ehzaq;fis

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

267. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tjpty;yhg; gpuirfSf;fhd mur gpizfspd; kPjhd

vy;iy msit jpiwNrup Kwpfs; kw;Wk; fld; Kwpfspd; nkhj;j epYit ,Wg;ig 12.5

rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 10 rjtPjkhf jpUj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk;

cs;@u; KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;F mur gpizfspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;F $Ljy; re;ju;g;gj;ij

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gNjhL tjpty;yhjth;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; jpBH kPsg;ngWjypdhy;

,lk;ngWk; md;dpar; nryhtzp Vw;wj;jho;Tfshd mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; vjph;nfhz;l

mghak; Nghd;wit jLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

268. ehk; kpfTk; etPd kakhd fhR Kfhikj;Jtj;ij Nehf;fp khwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

tq;fpfspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; etPd trjpfspd; fhuzkhf Mgj;Jf;fis

jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy;; fhR Nghf;Ftuj;ij Cf;fkpof;fr; nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;

62  

tq;fpfspypUe;J fhR kPsg;ngwy;fs; kPJ gpd;tUk; tifapy; fl;lzk; mwtpl

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

m. xU kpy;ypaDf;F FiwthdJ: fl;lzk; ,y;iy.

M. xU kpy;ypad; njhlf;fk; 10 kpy;ypad; tiu: 2 rjtPjk;

,. 10 kpy;ypaDf;F Nky;: 3 rjtPjk;

269. tq;fp tiuTfs; kPjhd fl;lzk; xt;nthU tq;fp tiuTf;Fk; &gh 150 I tpQ;rf;

$lhJ.

270. ,Nj fhuzq;fSf;fhf midj;J njhopy; nfhs;NthUk; jkJ njhopyhsu;fs;

midtUf;Fk; tq;fpf; fzf;Ffis Muk;gpf;Fk;gb mwpTWj;jp mth;fsJ rk;gsq;fis

mf;fzf;FfSf;F tuT itf;FkhW Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

271. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> midj;J epjpr;rl;l nfhLg;gdTfisAk;

xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;fhf xt;nthU fk;gdpAk; gpuj;jpNafkhd tq;fpf; fzf;Ffis

NgZjy; Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

272. epjp trjpfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd thfdq;fs; ngWkjp kjpg;gPl;L gj;jpuq;fs; kPjhd fl;lzj;ij 2016 rdtup 1 Kjy; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gLk;. mjdbg;gilapy; Nkhl;lhh;

irf;fps; kw;Wk; Kr;rf;fu tz;b kPJ &gh 2>500 ck; kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhh; fhu; cl;gl

midj;J thfdq;fs; kPJk; &gh 15>000 fl;lzk; mwtpl ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

273. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> efug; gFjpfspy; mjpfstpy; tq;fpfs; fhzg;gl

gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fspy; Fiwe;jsthd tq;fpfNs gpurq;fkhfpAs;sd vd;gjpy;

ePq;fSk; vd;Dld; cld;gLtPh;fs;. ,J epjp miltpy; rkkpd;ikia Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

,r;rkkpd;ikia ,y;yhky; nra;Ak; Nehf;FlDk; mNjNtis nghUshjhu

eltbf;iffis Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpYk; midj;J tq;fpfspYk; gpd;jq;fpa

gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; Gjpa fpisfisj; jpwe;J jkJ fpisfs; tiyaikg;gpid 15

rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

274. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fld; jfty; gzpafkhdJ fld;fSf;fhd milit

mjpfupj;J fld; toq;fypy; cs;s Mgj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tpiyapliy

,ayr;nra;J epjp epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilapy; Nghl;bj;jd;ikia cUthf;fp epjpj;

Jiwapd; rpwg;ghd mgptpUj;jpf;F cjtpnra;fpd;wd. mur gq;Flik mbg;gilapy;

cUthf;fg;gl;lnjhU fld; jfty; gzpafj;jpid ehL Vw;fdNt nfhz;Ls;sJ.

epjpj;Jiwapd; vjpu;fhy tpupthf;fj;jpid fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ jdpahu; JiwAk;

fld; jfty; gzpafnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftij ehk; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,jpy; ,yq;if

kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ xU cupj;jhsuhf ,Ug;gNjhL epjp epWtdq;fs; fhg;GWjpf;

fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; nghJ trjpfis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf FWf;F

njhopw; gq;Fgw;wYld; cUthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf Njitahd rl;l

jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNjNghy; fhg;GWjpf; ifj;njhopYk;

jdpahu; fld; jfty; gzpafj;ij jpwg;gij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

275. mNj Ntisapy; tzpf tq;fpfspy; cwq;F epiyapYs;s fzf;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk;

gzj;jpid mur jpul;L epjpf;F 2016 rdtup 01,y; tuT itf;FkhW ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

epjpf; fk;gdpfs;

276. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; gy epjpf; fk;gdpfs;

neUf;fbfSf;F cs;shfpapUe;jJ cq;fSf;F epidtpUf;fyhk;. ,e;neUf;fbfspd;

jhf;fkhdJ r%fj;jpd; midj;J gpuptpduhYk; czug;gl;lNjhL epjpj;Jiw

63  

epiyNgwhdJ jsk;gYf;F cl;gl;lJ. itg;ghsu;fs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ xOq;FgLj;Jdh; vd;w jdJ

nraw;ghl;bid murpay; kakhf;fypd; fhuzkhf rhpahd Kiwapy;

Mw;wtpy;iynad;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; jdJ eLj;juj; jd;ikapidAk; ,oe;jJ.

277. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> epjp epWtdq;fshdJ kpfTk; gytPdkhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;. murhq;fkhdJ Nfhy;ld; fP epjpf; fk;gdp

itg;ghsu;fSf;F mjpf nrytpy; epthuzq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Js;sijAk; ePq;fs;

mwptPu;fs;. ,g;gpur;rpidfSf;F ePz;l fhy jPh;it ngw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;

mnkhpf;fh ehLfspYs;s jPu;khdq;fs; ek;gpf;if $l;Lj;jhgd Kiwapd; mbg;gilapy;

epjp epWtdq;fs; kWrPuikg;G Kftuhz;ik cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; gytPdkhd

epjpf; fk;gdpfis kPs; %yjdkhf;fy; nra;jy; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa

nrhj;Jf;fis cupa kWrPuikg;Gf;fhf ,k;Kftuhz;ikahy; ifNaw;fg;gLk;. ,e;epjpf;

fk;gdpfspd; itg;GtPjk; kw;Wk; fld; toq;fy; tPjq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapy;

fhzg;gLk; ghhpa ,ilntspahdJ epjpj;Jiwapd; Fiw nrayhw;Wifia

fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,J mjpf fpuaj;jpyhd ,ilj; jufu;fis ehl;bd; nghJ kf;fSf;Fk;

tpahghuq;fSf;Fk; cUthf;fpaJ. murhq;fkhdJ epjp epWtdq;fs; Kftuhz;ikia

cUthf;Ftjw;F &gh 10 kpy;ypad;fis gq;F %yjdkhf toq;Ftjw;F 5 tUl

fhyj;ijf; nfhz;l &gh 25 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd jpiwNrhp KwpfSk; toq;fg;gLk;.

,k;kWrPuikg;G nra;ag;gl;l epWtdq;fs; kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; fLikahd

fz;fhzpg;Gf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk; Nkw;$wg;gl;l Kd;Ndhbahf

itg;ghsu;fSf;F chpa ghJfhg;ig czur; nra;Ak; tpjkhf ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fpahdJ 2016 rdthp Kbtpy; midj;J gjpTnra;ag;gl;l epjpf; fk;gdpfspdJk;

itg;ghsu;fSf;F 100 rjtPj cj;juthjj;ij toq;Fk;.

278. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tq;fpay;yhj epjpj; Jiwapy; mjpf itg;Gf;fspy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtij jtpu;f;Fk; Nehf;fpy; epjpf; fk;gdpfshy; toq;fg;gLk; tl;b

tPjq;fSf;F xU vy;iyia tpjpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. fldl;ilfs; kw;Wk;

Vida jdpg;gl;l tho;f;if Kiw fld;fis ngw;W jpUg;gpr;nrYj;j Kbahikapdhy;

epjp epWtdq;fspd; mjp$ba tl;b tPjq;fis kw;Wk; jz;lg; gzq;fspdhy;

mtjpAWk; nghJ kf;fis ehq;fs; ghJfhg;Nghk;. ,jw;fhf ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fpahdJ ehl;bd; ,aq;Fk; tq;fpfSld; ,ize;J mjdJ fld; MNyhrid

Nritfis tpupTgLj;Jk;. re;Njfg;gl Kbahj fld; ngWeh;fSf;F tiuaw;w mstpy;

mjpf fpuaj;jpyhd fld;fis epjp epWtdq;fs; toq;Ftijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

tifapyhd topfhl;ly;fis ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp toq;Fk;.

rpNu~;l gpui[fspd; epiyahd itg;G

279. jw;nghOJ 60 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l rpNul;l gpuirfspd; 1 kpy;ypad; tiuapyhd

itg;Gf;F tUlj;jpw;F 15 rjtPj tl;b toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;trjpia 55 taij

mile;j gpui[fSf;Fk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; 15 rjtPj tl;bia &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad;

tiuAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;trjpahdJ mDkjpngw;w epjpf;

fk;gdpfshy; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gNjhL 1.5 rjtPj tl;b khdpakhdJ murhq;fj;jpdhy;

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 1>500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. itg;Gf;fs; kPJ ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; cj;juthjkhdJ

itg;ghsu;fspd; ek;gpf;ifia fl;lhak; mjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

64  

xU Nrkpg;G fyhrhuj;ij cUthf;Fjy;

280. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;bd; Njrpa Nrkpg;ig Nkk;gLj;jiy fUj;jpw;nfhz;L

xU Nrkpg;G fyhrhuj;ij cUthf;FtJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;

xt;nthU tUlKk; ghlrhiyf;F mDkjpf;Fk; gps;isfspd; ngahpy; &gh 250 I

itg;gpypl;L xU tq;fpf; fzf;fpid Muk;gpf;FkhW midj;J tq;fpfsplKk; Ntz;bf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. tq;fpfspd; rk;NkskhdJ murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iff;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf

Kd;tUtNjhL murhq;fj;jpd; ,e;jr; rpwg;ghd Kaw;rpf;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf tq;fpr;

r%fj;jpw;F ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,J 2016 rdthp 1 ,ypUe;J Muk;gkhFk;.

tsu;r;rpiaj; J}z;Ltjw;fhd %yjdr; re;ij

281. %yjdr; re;ijahdJ njhlu;e;J gad;ghl;Lf;F tuhj tskhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

mgptpUj;jpaile;j %yjdr; re;ijahdJ tpahghuq;fspd; tsu;r;rp kw;Wk;

tpupthf;fYf;F kpfTk; mtrpakhd Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpyhd ePz;l fhy epjpapid ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;fpd;wJ. vkJ %yjdr; re;ijahdJ tiuaWj;j kl;lj;jpyhd njhopy;El;g

ghtid kw;Wk; NghJkhd kl;lj;jpyhd epu;thfj; jpwikfs; fhzg;glhikapdhy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j 10 Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;

gpizaq;fs; ghpkhw;w Mizf;FOthdJ gq;F ghpkhw;wy; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLk;

re;ij gq;F gw;Wdhplj;jpy; cupa xOf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gjw;fhf fLikahd

tpku;rdj;jpw;F cl;gl;lij ePq;fs; ed;F mwptPh;fs;. vkJ murhq;fkhdJ

,e;epiyikapid rhpnra;tij $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. fle;j rpy khjq;fspy;

KjyPl;lhsu;fspd; ek;gpf;ifahdJ cz;ikapy; cau;tile;Js;sJ.

282. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ ,d;Dk; xU cWg;gpdu;

cilikahd kw;Wk; ,yhgk; ciof;fhj epWtdkhFk;. ahuhtJ cyf gq;Fr;

re;ijfis cw;W Nehf;fpdhy; mitfs; tpLtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL rpwg;ghf

nraw;gLtijAk; fhzyhk;.

283. gq;Fr; re;ij tpLtpg;ghdJ cz;ikapy; epjp ,ilj;jufu;fs; njhlu;gpy; ftdk;

nrYj;Jtij tpl re;ij gq;F gw;Wdh;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;gpy; $Ljy; ftdk;

nrYj;Jk;. ,J ghupastpyhd ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia cWjpnra;tNjhL rpwg;ghd

njhopy;El;g ghtidapD}lhf NkYk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tu;j;jf

fpuaj;ijAk; cWjpnra;Ak;. mNjNghy; midj;J gq;F gw;Wdu;fspdJk; eyd; fUjp

murhq;fkhdJ epahakhd kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd #oiy cUthf;Ftjpy;

mu;g;gzpg;ghf cs;sJ. MfNt nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijia 2016 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ

KOikahf tpLtpg;gjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

284. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;fkhdJ nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ

tpidj;jpwdhfTk; nraw;jpwdhfTk; nraw;glf;$ba xU rpwg;ghd #oiy

cUthf;Ftjpy; jd;id mh;g;gzpj;Js;sJ. gq;Fr; re;ijapd; tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;tjw;F xU rpwe;j xOq;FgLj;jy; Ntiyr;rl;lfk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. MfNt

gq;Fr; re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; xOq;FgLj;jy; FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;Ak; Kfkhf

gpizaq;fs; ghpth;j;jid rl;lkhdJ jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gLk;.

285. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tpahghu eltbf;ifs; tpupTgLj;jg;gl;L Nkk;gLj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lkhapd; mt;tpahghuq;fs; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpyhd ePz;l fhy %yjdj;jpd;

mtrpak; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. fk;gdpfspd; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq;fs;

65  

re;ijahdJ ,yq;ifapy; kpfTk; RWRWg;ghdjhFk;. ,J 2014 Mk; Mz;by; &gh 50

gpy;ypad;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL mJ 2012 Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLifapy; ehd;F

klq;F mjpfkhFk;. MfNt fk;gdpfspd; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq;fs; tphpthf;fj;jpw;F

cWjpaspf;Fk; tifapy; 2016 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;eltbf;iffSld; njhlh;ghd tUkhd

thp kw;Wk; epWj;jp itj;jy; thpapypUe;J tpyf;fspg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

286. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;f gpizaq;fis tpw;gid nra;tjw;fhf tpNrl

tpw;gidj; jsk; vk;kplk; ,y;iy. Muk;gkhf mur gpizaq;fspd; nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy;fSf;fhd Kwpfs; jPu;T epiyaj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J

gpw;fhyj;jpy; epjp cgfuzq;fshd jdpahh; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq;fs; mjhtJ

njhFjpf; fld; ghpkhw;wy;fs; cs;slq;fyhf Vida epjp cgfuzq;fSf;Fk;

tpupthf;fg;glyhk;. Kwpfs; jPu;T epiyakhdJ ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy;

cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,e;epiyakhdJ KOikahf ,aq;Fk; NghJ mJ Rje;jpukhd xU

,af;Fdu; rigapdhy; epWtfpf;fg;gLk;. kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; xU

th;j;jf jsnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

287. mNjNtis> gq;F tpw;gid kw;Wk; nfhs;tdtpd; NghJ tpw;fg;gLk; gq;F nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy; mwtPlhd 0.3 rjtPj mwtPlhdJ ePf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; gq;Fr; re;ij

eltbf;iffs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtNjhL ,J ke;jfjpapy; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

gq;Fr; re;ij nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;JtNjhL gq;Fr; rhd;wpjo; kPjhd Kj;jpiuf;

fl;lzKk; ePf;fg;gLk;.

288. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> gq;Fr; re;ijapy; fhzg;gLk; epiyaw;w jd;ikahdJ

gy gq;F jufu;fsplj;jpy; gy gpur;rpidfis Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. %yjdr; re;ijapd;

ePz;lfhy mgptpUj;jpia cWjp nra;tjpy; gq;Fr; re;ij jufu;fspd; epiyNgwhdJ

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. MfNt gq;Fr; re;ij jufu;fs; RNal;irahf ,iztij ehd;

Cf;Ftpf;fpNwd;.

289. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> th;j;jf kw;Wk; epjpr; re;ijapy; jfty;fspd; cz;ikj;

jd;ikahdJ re;ijapd; rpwg;ghd nrayhw;Wiff;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

toq;fg;gLk; jfty;fspd; ek;gfj; jd;ikia cWjp nra;tjpy; fzf;fpay; kw;Wk;

fzf;fha;T epajpfs; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. gl;bayplg;gl;l kw;Wk; gl;bayplg;glhj

ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; midj;J tpahghu Kaw;rpfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yq;if

fzf;Ffs; kw;Wk; fzf;fha;T epajpfis jahupg;gjpy; <LgLk; fzf;fPL kw;Wk;

fzf;fha;T epajpfs; fz;fhzpg;G rigahdJ ehl;by; cWjpnra;ag;glTs;s gy

epWtdq;fspy; xd;whFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if fzf;fpay; kw;Wk;

fzf;fha;T epajpfs; fz;fhzpg;G rigapd; eltbf;iffshdJ njhopy;El;g

gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; epjp gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; jilg;gl;Ls;sJ. fle;j murhq;fkhdJ

,e;epWtdq;fspd; Njitfis eptu;j;jp nra;tjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jtpy;iy.

,e;epWtdj;jpd; Nehf;nfy;iyia tphpthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; chpa rl;l tpjpfs;

Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl;L kPsha;T nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;epWtdj;ij cWjp nra;tjw;fhf &gh 100

kpy;ypad; xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

290. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Mjd tpw;gid kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpf;F

mtrpakhd %yjdj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; Mjd tpw;gidj; Jiwapy;

tsu;r;rpapd; %yk; rpwpa KjyPl;lhsh;fs; Neubahf ed;ikailtij cWjpnra;Ak;

Nehf;fpy; gl;bayplg;gl;l Mjd tpw;gid ek;gpf;if epjpak; cUthf;fg;gLk;. Mjd

tpw;gidfspy; midj;J nrhj;Jf;fSk; Mjd tpw;gid ek;gpf;if epjpaj;jpw;F khw;wk;

66  

nra;Ak; NghJ 90 rjtPjkhd tUkhdkhdJ Mjd tpw;gid ek;gpf;if epjpaj;jpd;

myFfis itj;jpUg;gthplk; gq;fPL nra;ag;gLtNjhL mth;fs; Kj;jpiu

jPu;itapypUe;Jk; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLtu;.

291. NkYk; rdj;njhif fl;likg;G khw;wj;Jld; “gpd;Nehf;fpa milkhdk;” Kiwikia

mwpKfk; nra;tij rpwe;jnjdf; fUJfpNwd;.

292. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rh;tNjr re;ijapy; ,yq;ifahdJ jw;NghJ

I.m.nlhyh;fspy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;l Kwpfspd; %yk; khj;jpuk; epjpiaj; jpul;Lfpd;wJ.

vkJ fld; epjpfspd; fpuaj;ijf; Fiwf;F Kfkhf rPd Athd;> kw;Wk; RFf; Kwpfs;

cs;slq;fyhf kuG hPjpaw;w Kwpfs; re;ijfisAk; ehk; ghprPyid nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

293. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; gq;Fr;

re;ijapd; xOq;FgLj;jy; Njitg;ghLfis g+h;j;jpnra;a Kbahikapd; fhuzkhf

gl;bayplg;gLtjpy; gy rpf;fy;fis vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;wd. mJ mt;thwhapd;> rpwpa

kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Fiwe;j fpuaj;jpyhd ePz;lfhy %yjdq;fis

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij jLj;J epWj;Jk;. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;

ePz;lfhy epjpapid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf re;jh;g;gq;fis tphpthf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; rpwpa

kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; gl;baypLtjw;fhf Fiwe;j

fl;Lg;ghLfSld; $ba rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd tpNrl tu;j;jf

jsnkhd;iw nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy; cUthf;f Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk;

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; KjyPL nra;Js;s tpahghu KjyPl;L

epWtdq;fSf;F xU nrhFrhd ntspNaW cghaj;ij mspf;Fk;.

294. nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy;

gl;bayplg;gLtij Cf;Ftpg;gjpy; xU rpwg;ghdnjhU gq;ifahw;w Ntz;Lnkd

gpNuupf;fpd;Nwd;. cs;@h; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;G gq;F re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gLnkdpd;

mitfs; ,uz;L tUl tupr; rYiffis ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. mNjNtis>

mf;fk;gdpfs; ntspehl;L gq;Fr; re;ijfshd yz;ld;> rpq;fg;g+h;> nfhq;Nfhq;> Kk;gha;

Nghd;wtw;wpy; gl;bayplg;gl;bUg;gpd; mt;thpr; rYifahdJ %d;W tUlq;fSf;F

ePbf;fg;gLk;. ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gLtij

(nlhyupy; gl;bayply;) ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

295. jw;Nghija re;ij %yjdkhf;fy; &gh 28 kpy;ypadhFk;. Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s

midj;J eltbf;iffs; ClhfTk; re;ij %yjdkhf;fiy &gh 50 kpy;ypadhf

mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehk; vjpHghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

gz;lq;fs; ghpkhw;wk;

296. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Njapiy ,wg;gu; njq;F kw;Wk; tpNrl Vw;Wkjpg;

nghUl;fs; vd;gd vkJ Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; xU Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;.

Mdhy; vk;kplk; gz;lq;fs; ghpkhw;wk; re;ijapy;iy vd;gij ehd; Fwpg;gpl

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. gpizaq;fs; kw;Wk; ghpkhw;wy; Mizf;FOtpdhy; xOq;FgLj;jf;$ba

gz;lq;fs; ghpkhw;W re;ij xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhd rhpahd jUzk; ,Jntd;W ehd;

fUJfpd;Nwd;.

67  

midtUf;Fk; rk tha;gspf;ff;$ba rpwg;ghd njhopw;re;ij

297. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;bd; rdj;njhif fl;likg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; khw;wk;

Kjpu;r;rpaile;JtUk; rdj;njhif vd;gd fhuzkhf ehl;bd; njhopw;gilapd;

tFjpahdJ kpfTk; tpiuthf khwptUfpd;wJ. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; vq;fSf;F ,uz;L

njhpT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vq;fshy; njhopyhsh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;fyhk;.

my;yJ xU njhopyhsUf;fhd ntspaPl;L msit mjpfhpf;fyhk;. ehd; ifj;njhopy;

rq;fq;fSld; Nkw;gl;l fye;Jiuahly;fspd; gb ehd; ,uz;L tplaq;fs; ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ fz;$lhFk;.

298. ehl;by; mjpfhpj;JtUk; KjpNahh; rdj;njhifAld; eilKiwapYs;s Fiwe;j

kl;lj;jpYs;s Ntiyapd;ik kw;Wk; njhopw;re;ij gq;Fgw;wy; kl;lk; vd;gtw;iwf;

fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk; NghJ epue;jukhd njhopypy; fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s 40

kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiynra;a tpUk;ghj Fiwe;j Neuk; Ntiynra;a tpUk;Gk;

jpwd;fisf; nfhz;l njhopyhsh;fspd; Nritfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf gFjpNeu

njhopy; fyhr;rhunkhd;iw cUthf;FtJ nghUe;Jk; vd;W ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;. MfNt

ehl;by; gFjpNeu njhopw; fyhr;rhunkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F rhjfkhd #oy; xd;iw

cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; mur jdpahh; Jiwapdh;

jpwd;fisf; nfhz;l njhopyhsu;fis cs;thq;fp mth;fspd; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk;

Nghl;bj;jd;ikia Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;.

299. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehd; mwpe;jtifapy; murhq;fkhdJ tpahghu nra;Kiw

ntspahh;Nrit (BPO) kw;Wk; mwpT nra;Kiw ntspahu;Nrit toq;fy; (KPO)!

Jiwfisf; ftu;tjw;F ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; goikahd njhopy;rl;lq;fs; ,jw;F

jilahf cs;sikapdhy; murhq;fk; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyia

khw;wpaikg;gjw;F ,JNt jUzkhifahy; murhq;fk;; Njitahd jpUj;jq;fis

mwpKfg;gLj;Jk;.

300. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;by; Ntiyg;gilapy; Mz;fspd; gq;fspg;ghdJ 65

rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLk; NghJ Ntiyg;gilapy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ghdJ 35

rjtPjkhd kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpNy fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy; ,J njhopw;gilapy;

ngz;fspd; gq;Fgw;wiy mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.

301. jw;NghJ xg;ge;j mbg;gilapyhd njhopyhsu;fs; midtiuAk; mtu;fspd;

njhlu;r;rpahd 6 khjfhy Ntiyf;F mku;j;jypd;; gpd; epue;jukhf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij ehd; ed;F mwpNtd;. ,jd;fhuzkhf ngUk;ghyhd njhopy; toq;Feu;fs;

xg;ge;j mbg;gilapyhd njhopyhsh;fis Ntiyf;fku;j;Jtjw;F jaq;Ffpd;wdh;.

,jd;%yk; ,tu;fspy; ngUk;ghyhd ,isQu;fs; mth;fspd; ,sikf;fhyj;jpy; tUkhd

ciog;Gf;fspypUe;J jLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. MfNt mt;thwhd njhopyhsu;fis

epue;jukhf;Ftjw;fhd fhyj;jpid jw;Nghija 6 khjj;jpypUe;J xUtUlkhf

mjpfhpg;gjw;F Njitahd rl;lthf;fq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;j Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

302. jdpahh; Jiwapdh; xU Ie;J ehs; fpoik Ntiyf; fyhrhuj;ij gpd;gw;Wtij ehd; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk; njhopyhsu;fSf;F $Ljyhd Xa;T Neuk; kw;Wk; jkJ

FLkg;gj;jpdhpd; Cjpa Neuj;ijf; fopg;gjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;fpd;wJ. Ie;J ehs;

fpoik Kidg;ghdJ fk;gdpfspd; epWthfr; nryTfis Fiwg;gjw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;Ankd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

303. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,t;turhq;fj;jpdhy; murhq;f Copau;fSf;F &gh 10>000

rk;gs mjpfhpg;G toq;fg;gl;lij ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;. jdpahh; Jiw Copau;fspdJk;

68  

rk;gsj;ij Fiwe;j gl;rk; &gh 2>500 ,dhy; mjpfhpf;FkhW ehd; Ntz;bf;nfhs;tNjhL

mjpy; &gh 1>500 I 2015 Mk; Mz;by; toq;FtNjhL>&gh 1>000 ,id 2016 Mk;

Mz;by; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f KbAk.; ,jw;F njhopy;nfhs;Nthh; rk;Nksdk;

,zq;fpAs;sNjhL Njitahd rl;lthf;fq;fs; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;.

304. njhopyhsu;fSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r rk;gsj;ij cWjpnra;Ak; tifapy; xU njhopy;

Nguit cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,g;NguitahdJ rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; th;j;jf kd;wq;;fspdhy;

Kfhik nra;ag;gLk;.

fy;tpj;Jiw

305. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j fhyj;jpd; NghJ fy;tpapd; kPjhd nghJ

KjyPlhdJ Nghjpajhff; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; vkJ ghlrhiyfs; ePh; kw;Wk;

Jg;GuT Vw;ghL> etPd tFg;giwfs;> Ma;T $lq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fs;

Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; mw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Mrphpah;fisj; jpul;bf;nfhs;sy;

kw;Wk; Ml;Nrh;g;G njhlh;ghd Kiwahd nfhs;iffs; fhzg;glhjjhy; tpQ;Qhdk;

kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk; Nghd;w ghlq;fSf;F gy tUlq;fshf Mrphpah;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fhj

ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;. fy;tpj; Jiwapy; vkJ

cghakhdJ fw;gpj;jy; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; ghlrhiyfspd; cl;fl;likg;G

trjpfis mjpfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy ghltpjhd Nkw;ghh;it Mfpa %d;W Kf;fpa

tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

306. fy;tpj;juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; fw;gpj;jy; juk; Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wJ.

f~;lkhd #o;epiyfspd; fPo; rpwe;j Kiwapy; nrayhw;Wfpd;w Mrphpah;fSf;F vdJ

ghuhl;Lfisj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;;fpd;Nwd;. midj;J Mrphpah;fSf;Fk; njhlu;r;rpahd

gapw;rpapidg; ngWk; tifapy; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd; %yk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lnkhd;iw

jahhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. murhq;f kw;Wk; murhq;f xj;Jiog;G toq;fg;gLk;

ghlrhiyfSf;F Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l midj;J Mrphpah;fSk; njhopypy; ,ize;J 05

tUlj;;jpw;Fs; 02 tUl KONeu Mrphpah; gapw;rpnewp xd;wpid ntw;wpfukhfg; g+h;j;jp

nra;a Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh 1000 kpy;ypaid

xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. vkJ murhq;fk; Mrphpah;fspd; jpwd; tpUj;jpapid

mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf njhlh;r;rpahd gapw;rpapid toq;Ftjw;F Mh;tkhf

cs;sJ.

307. fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpag; ghlrhiyfSf;F tpNrlkhf tpQ;Qhdk;> fzpjk;> jfty;

njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy ghlq;fSf;F Vw;fdNt Nritapy; cs;s Mrphpah;fisr;

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Fwpj;j fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; fy;tp mikr;R nraw;wpl;lk; xd;wpidj;

jahhpf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpag; ghlrhiyfSf;F Mrphpah; tpLjpfs;>

Xa;T miwfs; Nghd;w trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F &gh 2000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

308. vkJ Muk;g kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; gytw;wpy; Kiwahd kyry$l

trjpfs; ,y;iy. 2016 ,d; Kbtpy; midj;Jg; ghlrhiyfSf;Fk; Foha; ePh;

trjpAld; $ba Kiwahd kyry$l trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; mjw;fhf

&gh 4000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

309. kpd;rhu trjpapy;yhj ghlrhiyfSf;F Njrpa kpd; fl;likg;gpd; %ykhfNth my;yJ

#hpa rf;jpapd; %ykhfNth kpd;rhu trjpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf &gh 2000

kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

69  

310. eLj;jufhy eltbf;ifj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; 3577 Muk;gg;

ghlrhiyfspy; midj;J trjpfSlDk; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F &gh.10>000

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.

311. mNjNtis> ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; 1000 ,uz;lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; mtrpakhd

nraw;ghl;L miwfs; Ma;T $lq;fs; ky;hpkPbah miwfs; ,yj;jpudpay; E}yf

trjpfSld; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 15>000 kpy;ypad; xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.

312. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j fhyq;fspy; murhq;fj;jpdhy; vt;tpj cjtpAk;

toq;fg;glhJ Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;;l Vwf;Fiwa 1>360 ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

mt;thW Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l ghlrhiyfspd; trjpfisAk; juj;jpidAk;

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lnkhd;iwr; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh 30>000 kpy;ypad;fis

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

313. NkYk; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapy; 25 ghlrhiyfis rfy trjpfSk; $ba ,uz;;lhk;

epiyg; ghlrhiyfshfj; juk; cah;j;Jtjw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL

nra;fpNwd;.

314. epue;jukhd Ma;T$l trjpfs; mw;w ghlrhiyfspy; tpQ;Qhdf; fy;tpia

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf &gh 450 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.

315. ghlrhiyfspy; gy; Rfhjhu trjpfSf;F Vw;ghL nra;Ak; tifapy; mjw;fhd

cgfuzq;fis Gduikg;gjw;Fk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

316. mr;rplg;gl;l Gj;jfq;fs; rQ;rpiffs; kw;Wk; E}y;fSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPh;itfSf;F

tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk;.

317. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ngUk;ghyhd vkJ ghlrhiyfspy; fhzg;gLk;

fhzpfshdJ KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; cs;sJ. mj;jifa epyq;fis

jdpahh;Jiwg; gq;fspg;Gld; mg; ghlrhiyiaAk; gq;fhsuhf ,izj;J gaph;r;

nra;iffspy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. mjd; %yk; fpilf;Fk;

tUkhdj;ij ghlrhiyAk; KjyPl;lhsUk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk;

ciof;fg;gLk; epjpahdJ fy;tpaikr;rpd; mq;fPfhuj;Jld; ghlrhiyfspd; trjpfis

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtw;wpd; guhkhpg;Gf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

318. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fy;tpj;Jiw kPJ ,t;thwhf mjp $ba Nritia

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ midj;J khzth;fSk; ghlrhiyapy; my;yJ njhopy;fy;tpgapw;rp

epWtdq;fSf;F jkJ fy;tp eltbf;iffSf;fhf 13 tUlq;fs; fl;lhak; nry;tjw;fhd

Vw;ghLfisr; nra;Js;Nshk;.

319. ghlrhiyfspy; rpwe;j #oiy cUthf;Ftjw;F Mrphpah; kw;Wk; khzth;fSf;fpilapy;

rpwe;j fUj;Jg; ghpkhwy;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; tFg;giwapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba

khzth;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia 35 Mf tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

320. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tsq;fspd; rpwe;j gad;ghL kw;Wk; epjp

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; tif $Wk; jd;ik vd;gtw;Wf;F trjpaspg;gjw;fhf xt;nthU

ghlrhiyapNyAk; jdpahd nryTf; $W xd;W cUthf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. ,J %y tsq;fis rupahf gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; epjp

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; tif $Wtjw;Fk; ,jw;fhf jpiwNrhpapd; mwpTWj;jYf;F

mikthf fy;tpaikr;R chpa eltbf;iffis vLf;Fnkd ehd; ek;GfpNwd;.

321. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp N[.Mu; [atu;jd

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,ytr ghlrhiy rPUil KiwikahdJ jw;NghJ murpay;

70  

jiyaPL fhuzkhf rpwg;ghf ,lk; ngWtjpy;iy. MfNt ghlrhiy rPUil

toq;Ftjw;fhf xU gw;Wr; rPl;L Kiwia mwpKfk; nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. 2016

Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; midj;J rpWtu;fSk; ed;ikailtjid

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; tTr;ru;fs; toq;fg;glhj ,lq;fspy; ,ilf;fhy Vw;ghlhf

ghlrhiy rPUilj; Jzp toq;fg;gLk;.

Kd;khjpup gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;

322. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> 2015 cld; xg;gpLifapy; cau; fy;tpf;fhd nkhj;j tuT

nryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPl;bid Vwf;Fiwa 30 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;

vd;gjid ,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

,e;ehl;by; cau;fy;tpapy; Gul;rpnahd;wpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; ,JthFk;.

323. njhopy;El;gj; Jiwapy; cau;jug; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;j khztu;fspd; KjyhtJ

njhFjpapdu; vkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F 2016 ,y; mDkjpf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wdu;

vd;gjid ehd; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; njhopy;El;gj; Jiw

,skhzpg; gl;lj;jpid toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd njhopy;El;g gPlq;fis kdpj

tsq;fs;> cl;fl;likg;G trjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fSld; cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

324. khztu;fs; kw;Wk; tpupTiuahsu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpujhd tplakhf tpLjpfs; kw;Wk;

tPl;L trjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> 2018 ,y; midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk;

mtu;fsJ gy;fiyf;fof fhyk; KOtJk; tpLjp trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. gy;fiyf;fofk; tpupTiuahsu;fSf;F ftu;r;rpfukhdjhf

,Ug;gjw;Fk; mtu;fis gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; njhlu;e;jpUf;fr; nra;tjw;Fk;

mtu;fSf;fhd tjptpl trjpfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

325. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F ehl;bYs;s

jpwikrhypfspy; xUrpyu; khj;jpuNk mDkjpf;fg;gLk; mNjNtis> cs;ehl;L

gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; ghltpjhdq;fs; jdpahu; Jiwf;F ve;jsT gq;fspg;gpid

toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJ tpthjj;jpw;Fupa tplakhFk;. ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> juT tpQ;Qhdk;>

nka; tpQ;Qhdk;> capupay; jfty;Jiw> tpahghu gFg;gha;T> msT mstpay; Nghd;w

Gjpa ghlnewpfis mtw;wpdJ ghltpjhdq;fspy; mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpy

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; eltbf;if vLj;Js;sjid ehd; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

mj;jifa Kd;ndLg;Gfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. fl;blq;fs;>

Ma;T$lq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;w trjpfis toq;FtJk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

326. vkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; rpwe;j tpupTiuahsu;fis njhlu;e;Jk; ,Uf;fr; nra;tJ kpf Kf;fpakhd tplankd;gjid ,g; ghuhSkd;wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj

re;NjfKkpy;iy. gy;NtW ru;tNjr gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; jiyik my;yJ nfsut

Nguhrpupau; gjtp toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,g;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;tpid fz;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd

tpUJfs; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F ngWkjp Nru;f;fpd;w Muha;r;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd

Rje;jpuj;jpid tpupTiuahsu;fSf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt> ehl;bd; cau;fy;tp

Gul;rpapd; gq;fhsu;fshf jdpahl;fs; kw;Wk; fk;gdpfspid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf vkJ

Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fk; mt;thwhd trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

71  

327. ntspehl;L khztu;fis ftu;tjw;fhd Vw;ghlhf tpNrlkhf cs;ehl;Lg;

gy;fiyf;fofq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; gl;lg;gpd;gbg;G gapw;rp newpfSf;fhf mj;jifa

epWtdq;fs; cau; njhopy; jifikfis toq;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ru;tNjr cau;

njhopy; epWtdq;fspd; rhd;Wg;gLj;jypid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjid Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd

vd;wtifapy; mj;jifa epWtdq;fSf;F epjp cjtpapid toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

328. k`hnghy gy;fiyf;fofk; - nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ gpujku; fy;tp

mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jNghJ tu;j;jf mikr;ruhd yypj; mj;Jyj;Kjyp vkJ tuyhw;wpy;

kwf;f Kbahj Nritapid Mw;wpAs;shh; vd;gjid ehd; ,q;F Rl;bf;fhl;Ljy;

Ntz;Lk;. mtuJ k`hnghy Gyikg;ghprpy; jpl;lkhdJ gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fs; jkJ

fy;tpapid ntw;wpfukhf epiwTnra;tjw;F KbAkhf ,Ue;jJld; mjd;%yk; cUthd

gyu; ,yq;ifapYk; ntspehl;bYk; cau; njhopy;fspy; Nritahw;wp tUfpd;wdu;.

,t;thwhd xU kdpjid nfsutg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf khyigapy; k`hnghy

gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;w ngahpy; gy;fiyf;fofnkhd;wpid jhgpg;gjw;F ,g;ghuhSkd;wk;

mq;fPfhuk; toq;Fnkd ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,g;gy;fiyf;fofkhdJ jfty;

njhopy;El;gk;> tpahghuf; fw;iffs;> Mq;fpyk;> Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Vida Gjpa

re;ijf;Nfw;w ghlnewpfspidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

329. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp tha;g;Gf;fis

tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F murhq;fj;jpd; mu;g;gzpg;Gldhf fpspnehr;rpapy; nghwpapay;

gPlj;ijAk; tTdpahtpy; tptrha gPlj;ijAk; mikf;f ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

330. ghyp kw;Wk; ngsj;j fw;iffSf;fhd gl;lg; gpd;gbg;G epWtdj;jpw;F Gjpa

fl;blnkhd;Wld; Njitahd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 500

kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

331. gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fSf;F 3 tUl tl;bay;yhj fld; mbg;gilapy; kb

fzdpfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; midj;J gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk;; ,ytr wi-fi zones trjpfis Vw;ghL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. (,jw;fhf &gh 300 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

332. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpisahl;Lj; Jiwapy; rhjidfisg; gilj;jtu;fs;>

Gjpa nghUs; my;yJ Nritapid fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fs;> Math Olympiad Nghd;w ru;tNjrg; Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;wpatu;fSf;F gy;fiyf;fof mDkjpapd; NghJ Nkyjpf Gs;spfs;

toq;Ftjw;fhd Gjpa eilKiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

333. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpf ePz;l fhykhf vkJ khztu;fspd; ntspehl;Lf;

fy;tpf;fhf mjpfsthd ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ntspr; nry;fpd;wJ. ,g;Nghf;F

khw;wpaikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;;. ,j;Jiwapy; vkJ Mw;wYf;F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jk;

tifapy; ntspehl;L khztu;fis ,yq;ifapy; fw;gjw;F J}z;l Ntz;Lnkd;gJld;

mjd;%yk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp cl;gha;r;ry; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,yq;if fy;tpf;fhd

ikankhd;whf khWtjw;fhd Mw;wypidg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;jtifapy;> kUj;Jtj;Jiw

ePq;fyhf jdpahu; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; gy;fiyf;fof khdpaq;fs; Mizf;FOtpdhy;

epWtfpf;fg;gLk; tifapy; ,yq;ifapy; njhopw;gLtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLk;. vdpDk;

nkhj;j Ml;Nru;g;gpy; 10 rjtPjk; cs;ehl;L cau;jug; guPl;irapy; rpwe;j Kiwapy;

rpj;jpaile;j khztu;fSf;F ,ytrkhf mDkjp toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa

njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; cs;ehl;L gq;fhsUf;F tup Cf;Ftpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

72  

334. gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsu;fs; Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufis rku;g;gpj;jy; cs;slq;fyhf

cj;jpNahfg+u;t gzpfSf;fhf ntspehl;Lg; gpuahzq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ

nrYj;j Ntz;ba gy;NtW nfhLg;gdTfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy vd ehd; mwpe;J

nfhz;Nld;. vdNt> murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J NritfspYs;s epiwNtw;W

mYtyu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l trjpfis gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsu;fSf;Fk;

toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

335. murhq;fk; Nghl;bg; guPl;irfis elhj;Jtjd; %yk; murhq;f Nritf;F gl;ljhupfis

njhlu;e;Jk; Ml;Nru;g;G nra;Ak;. murhq;f Copau;fspd; Mw;wy;fs; etPd rthy;fSf;F

Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; mjpfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> eilKiw njhopy; re;ij

Nfs;tpf;Nfw;w gl;lg;gbg;G fw;if newpfis ikag;gLj;JtjD}lhf Cf;Ftpf;FkhW

vkJ gy;fiyf;fofq;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

336. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

Nkyjpfkhf &gh 6>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp – tha;g;GfSf;fhd jpUg;GKid

337. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tuT nryTj; jpl;l jahupg;Gf; fhyg;gFjpapy; ehl;bYs;s

gy;NtW ifj;njhopy; NguitfSld; fye;Jiuahly;fis elj;jpNdd;. njhopy;

epWtdq;fspdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tplak; ahnjdpy; ehl;by; Muk;g kw;Wk; eLj;ju

kl;lj;jpy; jpwikngw;w gzpahsu;fs; gw;whf;Fiw fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;.

338. njhopy;gapw;rp kw;Wk; jpwd; tpUj;jpapid toq;Ftjw;F ehl;by; 400 ,w;F mjpfkhd

murhq;f epWtdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilapy;

xUq;fpizg;G fhzg;glhjJld; jdpahu; Jiwf;Fk; ,e;epWtdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;

Fiwthd njhlu;Ng fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> epuy; mikr;R>

%d;whk; epiy kw;Wk; njhopy; fy;tp Mizf;FO vd;gtw;Wf;F MNyhrid

toq;ff;$ba gy;NtW ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhd ifj;njhopy; Jiw Nguitfis

tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd;%yk; ehl;by; jdpahu; Jiw

Njitf;fhd njhopw;gapw;rp cghankhd;W cUthf;fg;gLk;.

339. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gtpay; gy;fiyf;fofk;

(UNIVOTEC) kw;Wk; rKj;jputpay; gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;gd Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJld;

ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapid Kbj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;fs; rhd;wpjo;fs;> bg;Nshkh kw;Wk;

gl;lg;gbg;Gr; rhd;wpjopid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd khw;Wtopnahd;W

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt> rKj;jpu caphpay;> rKj;jpu nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk;

JiwKf> fg;gy; fl;ly; xUq;fpize;j fiuNahu ts Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;w Gjpa

gl;lg;gbg;G ghlnewpfspid rKj;jpug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; %yk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

340. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;ehl;by; jpwikkpf;f Copag; gilapid mjpfupf;Fk;

Nehf;fj;Jld; Ie;J gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}hpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; kpf tpiutpy;

gl;ldfyapy; kw;WnkhU gy;fiyf;fofk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl cs;sJ. nghypku;

njhopy;El;gk;> GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp njhopy;El;gk;> ngUe;Njhl;l gapH njhopy;El;gk;>

Clfj;Jiw Nghd;w gapw;rp newpfis cs;slf;Ffpd;w ghltpjhdq;fis

,g;gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eLj;jukl;l njhopy;El;gtpayhsu;fis

cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; njhopy;El;g fy;Y}hpfis gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}hpfspd; me;j];jpw;F

cau;j;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}hpfspy; NVQ 5

73  

kw;Wk; 6 vd;w jifikapid ngw;w khztu;fs; NVQ 7 tiu njhlu;e;J gl;lg;gbg;G

fw;if newpapid njhlu;e;J Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mDkjpf;Fk; tifapy; njhopy;El;g

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; (UNIVOTEC) Gjpa ghlnewpfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

341. gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fSf;F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;Jk; tifapy; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk;

gy;fiyf;fofq;fSld; njhopy;El;g mbg;gil gy;fiyf;fof tshfq;fs; kw;Wk;

njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fisAk; ehk; jhgpf;f cs;Nshk;. ,e;j njhopy;Dl;g mbg;gil

tshfq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fSf;F mDkjp ngWk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk;

ngWk; jpwikahd khztu;fSf;F tTr;ru; Kiwnahd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

342. njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; njhopw;fy;tpapid NkYk; ];jpug;gLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if N[u;kd;

njhopy;El;g gapw;rp epWtfj;jpw;fhd khztH mDkjpapid ,uz;L tUl

fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; 200 ,dhy; mjpfupg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g

xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpdhy; epjpaspf;fg;gl;l fpspnehr;rp njhopy; gapw;rp epiyak;

mz;ikapy; g+Hj;jpaila cs;sJ. vdNt> N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g epWtdj;jpidg;

Nghd;W RahjPd gapw;rp epWtdnkhd;whf ,e;epiyaj;jpid mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

343. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Copar; re;ij> fl;blk; kw;Wk; epu;khzk;> N`hl;ly;

kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw> vspa nghwpapay; kw;Wk; jahupg;Gj; Jiwfs; Nghd;w Jiwfspd;

Nfs;tpapid <Lnra;tjw;F jpwikahd Copag;gilapid cUthf;FtJ njhlu;ghf

,e;j murhq;fk; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. gapw;rp newpfis toq;Fjy; kw;Wk;

gapw;rp newpapid g+u;j;jp nra;jtu;fSf;F rhd;wpjo;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf murhq;f

kw;Wk; jdpahu; gq;fspg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

344. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; epjpf; $w;Wfs;>

tpahghuj; jpl;lq;fis jahupg;gjw;F Njitahd Mw;wy;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy

vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk;. rpwpa kw;Wk; njhopy;Kaw;rpj; Jiwapy; Vw;fdNt

<Lgl;Ls;stu;fSf;F %d;W khj gapw;rpapid toq;Ftjw;F gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

fzf;fha;T epWtdq;fis ehd; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. gapYdu; xUtUf;F

khjnkhd;Wf;F 2>000 &ghtpid fzf;fha;T epWtdq;fSf;F murhq;fk; toq;Fk;.

xt;nthU fhyhz;bYk; 2>500 ,isQu;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLtu; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jw;fhf &gh 30 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

345. NkYk;> Mq;fpy nkhopj; Nju;r;rp kw;Wk; nkd;wpwd; tpUj;jp nra;tJ Copar; re;ijapy;

Nghl;bapLtjw;F mtrpaj; NjitahFk;. Mq;fpy nkhop kw;Wk; nkd;wpwd; njhopy;El;g

gapw;rp epiyaq;fspy; khztu;fSf;F Nghjpg;gjw;F ntspehLfspy;

gapw;Wtpg;ghsu;fSf;fhd gapw;rpapid toq;Ftjw;F tpNrl epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;iwj;

jhgpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> jukhd Mq;fpy nkhop gapw;rp newpfis

toq;Ftjw;F jdpahu; epWtdq;fis ehk; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

346. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh

3>000 kpy;ypaid Nkyjpfkhf xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

74  

,isQH gil Clhf ,isQu;fis tYt+l;ly;

347. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ ehl;by; ,isQu;fs; vjpu;fhyj;jpw;F

topaikg;gtu;fs; Mthu;. ,isQu;fs; jkJ KO Mw;wypidAk; ntspf; nfhzu;tjw;F

mtu;fis mDkjpf;fpd;w tifapy; vkJ ehl;bd; ,isQu;fSf;fhd tha;g;Gfis

toq;Ftjw;F ,e;j murhq;fk; cWjpaspj;Js;sJ. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; Njrpa ,isQu;

gilia Gduikg;gjw;Fk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

348. rhjhuz ju kw;Wk; cau;juj;jpy; ,il tpyfpatu;fSf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fk;

tifapy; njhopy; topfhl;ly;> Ms;rhu; tpUj;jp> jiyikj;Jt gapw;rp kw;Wk; xOf;f

tpOkpak; vd;gtw;wpid ,isQu; gilazpapd; Clhf ,isQu;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk;

mtu;fis njhopy;El;g fy;tpf;fhf njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fSf;F mDg;Gtjw;Fk; ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; ,yq;if njhopy;El;g gapw;rp epWtdk; kw;Wk; njhopypEl;g

gapw;rpAld; rk;ge;jgl;l ,d;Ndhud;d epWtdq;fis Njrpa ,isQu; mzpNahL

,izj;Jtpl Kd;nkhofpd;Nwd;.

349. ,j; jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F NkYk; &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid Nkyjpfkhf xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

350. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,ize;j Mw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw;gapw;rp jpwikfis

gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jkJ vjpu;fhyj;ij tFj;jikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,isQu;fis

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd Neuk; ,JthFk;. fhyhz; tsu;g;G> jsghlf; ifj;njhopy;> kpd;

epiyaq;fs;> czTg; ghJfhg;G> myq;fhu kPd; tsu;g;G> ghw;nghUs; ifj;njhopy;>

NjdP tsu;g;G Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; <LgLtjw;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ Ik;gJ

cWg;gpdu;fis nfhz;l FOnthd;wpYs;s ,isQu;fSf;F fld; toq;Ftjw;F tu;j;jf

tq;fpfSf;fhd eilKiwnahd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tu;j;jf tq;fpfs; mj;jifa fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F tl;b rYiff; fld; mbg;gilapy;

fld; toq;FtJld; mj;jifa njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; tphpthf;fg;gl;L epjp kw;Wk;

tsq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd jifikapid ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;

mstpd; mbg;gilapy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf murhq;ff; fhzpfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ehL KOtjpYKs;s 6>000 fpuhkq;fspypUe;J Mff; Fiwe;jJ

300>000 ,isQu;fs; fye;J nfhs;thnud vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; epWtd nghWg;G

fUj;jpl;lnkhd;W vd;w tifapy; tpNrl fld; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd Vw;ghl;bid

Nkw;nfhs;SkhW Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fpf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.

Rfhjhuk; - etPd Rfhjhug; guhkupg;G

351. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; KjyPL nra;a Ntz;ba Njit

fhzg;gLtjid ,e;j murhq;fk; KOikahf czu;e;Js;sJ. vkJ ehl;bd;

gpuirfSf;F ,ytr Rfhjhu Nritapid toq;Ftjw;F ehk; mu;g;gzpg;Gld;

nraw;gLfpd;Nwhk;. ,e;jtifapy; vkJ cghak; gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Ug;gJld;

kdpjts mgptpUj;jp> nkd; kw;Wk; td; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp

mgptpUj;jpf;F KjyPLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

352. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; milahsq; fhzg;glhj ehl;gl;l

rpWePuf Neha; njhlu;ghd thjg; gpujpthjq;fSk; fye;Jiuahly;fSk;

,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. vdNt milahsq; fhzg;glhj ehl;gl;l rpWePuf

Neha; fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrq;fspy; 1>000 rpWePuf rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fis cldbahf

jhgpg;gjw;F &gh 6>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

75  

353. kpd;Ndhpahtpy; rpWePuf Neha;f;fhd tpNrl itj;jparhiy xd;wpid epWTtjw;Fk;

mjw;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

354. ey;Y}u;> fz;b kw;Wk; khj;jiw Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; %d;W Gw;WNeha;

itj;jparhiyfis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

355. rpwe;j Rfhjhug; guhkupg;gpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F mDuhjGuk;> FUehfy; kw;Wk;

aho;g;ghzk; itj;jpa rhiyfis cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfSld;

juKau;j;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

356. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;by; Rfhjhu ttrjpfis tphpthf;Fk; Nehf;FlDk;>

mtru Njitfspd; NghJ FWfpa Neuj;jpy; Rfhjhu trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjid

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fk; elkhLk; itj;jparhiy vz;zf;fU cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf &gh

200 kpy;ypad; xJf;fg;gLk;.

357. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rpWtu; kw;Wk; tNahjpgu;fis jhf;Ffpd;w njhw;whj

Neha;fspd; mjpfupj;J tUk; rthiy vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F mLj;j 3 tUlq;fspd; NghJ

murhq;fk; Nehapay;> mtru rpfpr;ir> KjpNahu; kUj;Jtk;> Foe;ij kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w

tpNrl Jiwfspy; itj;jpau;fis gapw;Wtpf;fTk; tNahjpgu;fis guhkupf;Fk; jhjpkhu;

kw;Wk; Jiz kUj;Jt mYtyu;fSf;fhd gapw;rp vd;gtw;Wf;F &gh 250 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

358. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehLKOtjpYk; gy;NtW js itj;jpa rhiyfSk;

gpuNjr itj;jpa rhiyfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; itj;jpa rhiyfspy; fl;by; trjp>

gupNrhjid cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfs; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;thwhd itj;jpa rhiyfspy; Kiwahd tjptpl trjpfs; fhzg;glhikapdhy;

itj;jpau;fis njhlu;e;J itj;jpUg;gJ rpukkhdjhFk;. vdNt> fpuhkpag;

gpuNjrq;fspYs;s itj;jpau;fs; kw;Wk; Vida kUj;Jt mYtyu;fspd; tjptpl

Njitapidg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F 2 tUlq;fSf;Fs; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. jdpahu;

murhq;f gq;fspg;gpid Cf;Ftpg;gJld; ,t;thwhd trjpfis epu;khzpj;J guhkupf;fpd;w

jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F murhq;fk; thlifapidr; nrYj;Jk;.

359. mLj;j ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fs; %d;whk; epiy eyd;Ghp itj;jpa rhiyfSld;

,ize;jjhf rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l gj;J khtl;l gf;fthj epiyaq;fis

epu;khzpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhoptJld; itj;jpa rhiyfspy; tpgj;J kw;Wk; mtru rpfpr;ir

Nritfis tpupthf;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh 5>000 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

360. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ Rfhjhuj; Jiw cghaj;jpy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk;

mgptpUj;jp Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. ,j;JiwapYs;s cau; njhopy;Ghpeu;fs; Muha;r;rp

kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpg; gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld; mtu;fsJ fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;F rpwpjsthd

my;yJ vt;tpj xj;Jiog;Gk; murhq;fj;jpypUe;J fpilg;gjpy;iy. 2015 ,y; n[dPthtpy;

,lk;ngw;w fz;Lgpbg;ghsu; ru;tNjr fz;fhl;rpapy; jq;fg;gjf;fk; ntd;wtu;fis ehd;

ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;. “Footie” cgfuzj;jpid fz;Lgpbj;jjw;fhf itj;jpau; J~pjh

f`Jt> Gw euk;G Cf;fp Crpapid fz;Lgpbj;jjw;fhf itj;jpau; mEu tpf;fpukrpq;f

kw;Wk; Fuy;tis Ma;T gw;wpa fhnzhspapid cUthf;fpajw;fhf WFSA

epWtdj;jpdhy; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;l itj;jpau; mDu tpf;fpukrpq;f Mfpa %d;W ,sk;

itj;jpau;fSk; Vw;fdNt ehl;bd; Rfhjhuj;Jiwapd; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jf;$ba

76  

tifapy; Gj;jhf;f fUtpfis fz;Lgpbj;jtu;fis gpd;gw;wpatu;fs;. mtu;fs;

midtiuAk; ehd; kPz;Lk; ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;.

361. Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtjj;jpid czu;e;J

ePupopT Neha;> nlq;F> milahsq; fhzg;glhj ehl;gl;l rpWePuf Neha; kw;Wk; Gw;WNeha;

vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Muha;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpid toq;Ftjw;F Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd;wj;jpw;F

&gh 250 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

362. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> = [atu;jdGu itj;jparhiy GJg;gpf;fg;gLtJld;

jdpahu; JiwAld; Nghl;bapLk; tifapy; tpupthf;fg;gl cs;sJ. mjw;fhf &gh 1>500

kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.mNjNtis> cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;

ntspehl;L re;ijapy; jifikngw;w jhjpkhiu toq;Ftjw;F [atu;jdGu itj;jpa

rhiyAld; ,ize;j jhjpkhu; ghlrhiy tUlnkhd;Wf;F 2>000 jhjpkhUf;F gapw;rp

toq;Ftjw;F Njitahd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSld; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jw;fhf &gh 2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

363. epjpg; gad;ghl;bid tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf fz;fhzpg;gjw;F gzj;jpd; ngWkjpapid

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; xt;nthU itj;jpa rhiyapYk; fz;fhzpg;G mynfhd;wpid

jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

364. ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ehl;bypUe;J ntspNa nry;tjid Fiwg;gjw;F murhq;f

jdpahu; gq;fspg;nghd;whf kUe;Jg;nghUs; tyaq;fisj; jhgpg;gjw;fhd jdpahu;

njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;. murhq;fk; epyq;fis toq;Ftjd;

%yk; ,jw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;. Fwpj;j kUe;Jg; nghUSf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd;

Njitf;Nfw;g nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; njhlu;gpy; cld;ghL

fhzg;gl;Ls;sJld; mit re;ijapy; ,lk;gpbg;gjw;fhd Cf;Ftpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

RNjr kUj;Jtj; Jiwapid Cf;Ftpj;jy;

365. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ghuk;gupa rpfpr;ir KiwahdJ guk;giu guk;giuahf

flj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; Mq;fpy kUj;Jtk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk; tiu ,e;ehl;by;

epiyj;jpUe;jJ.

366. vt;thwhapDk;> ghuk;gupa kUj;Jtk; KOikahf mope;J Nghftpy;iy. Mq;fpy

kUj;Jtj;jpypUe;J vOe;j mf;fiwahdJ ehl;bd; RNjr kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;F Gj;J}f;fk;

toq;fpaJ. vdNt> ,d;W ,yq;if MAu;Ntj Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;F ru;tNjr uPjpapy;

Gfo;ngw;w ,lkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

367. RNjr kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; %ypif kUe;Jg;

nghUl;fs; mUfptUfpd;wik gpujhd gpur;rpidnahd;whFk;. ,e;jtifapy; fLnty;gL>

tp~;Dfhe;jp Nghd;w FWfpafhy %ypifr; nrbfis gapupLtjw;F Cf;Ftpg;G

toq;Ftjw;F 2>000 tptrhapfSf;F mur fhzpfis toq;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhoptJld;

,jw;fhf rYif mbg;gilapy; epjp toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

368. ,j;njhopw; Jiwapd; kjpg;gpid cyf kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJld; mjd; Kiwikfis

xUq;fpizg;gjw;Fk; midj;J MAu;Ntj itj;jpa rhiyfisAk; ehLKOtJk;

fhzg;gLfpd;w k]h[; epiyaq;fisAk; xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd Kiwnahd;wpid

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

77  

nghUshjhuj;ij Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jpa fz;Lgpbg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp

369. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpQ;Qhdk;> njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; Gj;jhf;fk; kPjhd vkJ

KjyPL nkh.c. cw;gj;jp tsu;r;rpapy; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid fhz;gjw;F jtwpAs;sd. vkJ

jahupf;fg;gl;l Vw;Wkjpfis cau; njhopy;El;g ngWkjp Nru;g;Gld; Fiwe;j rjtPjj;jpy;

jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. (mgptpUj;jpaile;j ifj;njhopy; ehLfspy; fhzg;gLk;

50 – 75 tiuahd rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;) kpff;Fiwe;j jahupg;G gq;fspg;G kw;Wk; vkJ nghUsjhuj;jpw;fhd Nritf; ifj;njhopypid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Muha;r;rp

vd;gd vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd ifj;njhopy; Nritapid mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. Gj;jhf;f fz;Lgpbg;gpdhy; Kd;epiyg;gLj;jpa vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpid

Jupj fjpapy; khw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ. 2020 mstpy; vkJ Vw;Wkjpfspy; Mff;Fiwe;jJ

10 rjtPjk; cau; njhopy;El;g Vw;Wkjpahff; fhzg;gLnkd ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;f KbAk;.

370. ,r;nrad; Kiwapid Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Gj;jhf;f tpiuTgLj;Jeu; xUtiu

cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhoptJld; tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk;

Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd xUq;fpizg;G nrayfk;> Njrpa Kd;Ndhb Muha;r;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

kw;Wk; Njrpa tpQ;Qhdg; Nguitapd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;Gj; jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd;

Njrpa Gj;jhf;f epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd NguitahdJ Ngz;jF

epiy> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; r%f ePjp kw;Wk; Rw;whly; juhjuk; vd;gd

njspthd gzpg;Giu toq;Fk; tplaq;fshFk;.

371. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Nkw;Fwpj;j Kd;nkhopTfis tpiuT gLj;Jtjw;F

tpQ;Qhd> njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp mikr;rpd; fPo; Njrpa Gj;jhf;f

epiyankhd;W>Gj;jhf;f Jupjg;gLj;jy; epjpankhd;iw epu;tfpf;Fk; tifapy;

mikf;fg;gLk;. mjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypaid Muk;g %yjdkhf Nkyjpfkhf xJf;fPL

nra;tNjhL NkYk; &gh 3000 kpy;ypaid 3 tUlq;fSf;Fs; toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

372. ,e;jg; Gj;jhf;fq;fs; ,Wjpapy; tu;j;jf tpisTfshf khw;wg;gLtjid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; Mu;tj;Jld; cs;Nshk;. tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;g kw;Wk;

Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd xUq;fpizg;Gr; nrayfk; mj;jifa 25 fUj;jpl;lq;fis

,dq;fz;Ls;sJld; mit tu;j;jf uPjpapy; ntw;wpfukhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f tptrhag; nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;fhd nfhtpned ifalf;f njhiyNgrp

nkd;nghUs; kw;Wk; rf;jp Nrkpg;G Kiwik cs;slq;fyhd rpy Gj;jhf;fq;fs;

,f;ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; Neubj; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld;> epiyahd ,yf;F

JiwfSf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. miuthrp tup tpfpjq;fs;> cau;e;j cgfuzf;

nfhs;tdT vd;gd Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Nja;Tg; ngWkhdj;jpw;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;jik

,e;jg; Gj;jhf;fq;fis gzkhf;ff;$ba VjhtJ xU fk;gdpapid gq;fhsuhf

vLj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tifapid mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L fhzp kw;Wk; Vida trjpfis toq;Ftjd; %yk; murhq;fk; ,t;thwhd

njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F trjpaspf;Fk;.

373. njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikf;fhd gfpuq;f Gj;jhf;f epiyaq;fshf nednry epiyaq;fis

juKau;j;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. nednry epiyaq;fs; Kg;ghpkhz mr;R

,ae;jpuq;fs;> NyrH fl;lh;fs; kw;Wk; nrJf;Fk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jahupg;G

Ma;T$lnkhd;Wf;fhd Vida nkd;nghUl;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; tifapy;

juKau;j;jg;gLk;. vdNt 2016 ,y; njupTnra;ag;gl;l nednry epiyaq;fisj;

juKau;j;Jtjw;F &gh 100 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.

78  

,t;thW juKau;j;jg;gl;l epiyaq;fs; mtw;wpdJ jfty; njhopy;El;g trjpaspf;Fk;

toikahd gzpfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf cs;ehl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpf;F Cf;fk; toq;FtJld;

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;gpidAk; toq;Fk;.

374. ngWkjp Nru;f;fg;gl;l mjpfstpyhd jukhd Vw;Wkjpg; nghUl;fs;> ntspehLfspy;

tpahghug; ngahpidg; gjpT nra;jy; mtrpakhdjhFk;. gjpT nrad;Kiwapid

Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gjpTf; fl;lzj;ij Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ,yq;if cyf Gyikr;nrhj;J

epWtdj;jpd; ru;tNjr gzpafj;jpdhy; epWtfpf;fg;gLk; mikg;nghd;whf kl;wpl;

Kiwikapd; cWg;gpdnuhUtuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J

Fwpj;j ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Ntz;LNfhshf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; tpahghu FwpaPl;L

rl;lj;jpid jpUj;Jtjd; %yk; kl;wpl; Kiwikapid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd

trjpapid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ngsjPf kw;Wk; kdpj tsq;fspid

juKau;j;Jtjw;fhfTk; ,yq;if Gyikr;nrhj;J mYtyfj;jpw;F &gh 100 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.

375. ru;tNjr Mf;f cupikapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,dq;fhzg;gl;l fz;Lgpbg;Gfis

,dq;fhZjy; ru;tNjr Mf;f cupikfspd; ed;ikfs; njhlu;gpy; fz;Lgpbg;ghsu;fSf;F

,ilapy; Cf;Ftpg;G tpopg;Gzu;tpid Cf;Ftpj;jy; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr Mf;f

cupikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G vd;gtw;Wf;fhd

cghankhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F ,yq;if Gj;jhf;Feu; Mizf;FOtpid NkYk;

tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;jtifapy; fz;Lgpbg;ghsu;fspdhy;

cwg;gl;l nrytpdj;jpid Mff;$baJ I.m. nlhyu; 100>000 tiu murhq;fj;jpdhy;

nrYj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

KjpNahu; rdj;njhifapid ghJfhj;jy;

376. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; taJ

Kjpu;e;jtu;fspd; rdj;njhif 2000 ,y; 9.3 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJld;> 2020 ,y; 20

rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. KjpNahu; rdj;njhifahdJ

r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; neUf;fbfis Vw;gLj;JtJld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

Nkyjpf Nfs;tpfisAk; kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l KjpNahu; guhkupg;G Kiw kw;Wk;

mtu;fSf;fhd epjpaspg;G kw;Wk; Nrit toq;fy; vd;gtw;iwAk; Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.

nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> taJ Kjpu;e;j ,yq;ifaupd; tsu;e;JtUk;

gd;Kfj;jd;ik kw;Wk; NritfSf;fhd toq;fy; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp vk;kplk;

njspthd epiyg;ghL fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. mj;jifa Nritfspd; tsu;e;JtUk; Nfs;tp

fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; Vida eLj;ju tUkhdk; ngWk; ehLfspd; kl;lj;Jf;F

,yq;ifapy; tNahjpgu; guhkupg;G mgptpUj;jp milatpy;iy. ,jdhy;> gpd;tUk;

Kd;nkhopTfis cs;slf;fpajhf gy;gf;f cghaq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ:

• tNahjpgu;fSf;fhd Njrpag; Nguit midj;J gq;fhsu;fsplKk;

fye;Jiuahb tNahjpgu;fSf;fhd Njrpaf; nfhs;ifnahd;wpid cUthf;Fk;.

,jw;fhd jpul;L epjpaj;jpypUe;J &gh 10 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;a ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tNahjpgu; guhkupg;G njhlu;ghd cau; njhopy;

Gupeu;fs; ru;tNjr uPjpapYk; mNjNghd;W cs;ehl;bYk; mjpf Nritahw;wp

tUtjidapl;L ehd; ghuhl;Lfpd;Nwd;. me;jtifapy;> tNahjpgu; guhkupg;gpid

,yf;fhff; nfhz;L gapw;rpnewpfs; kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis jdpahu; Jiw

79  

fy;tp epWtdq;fspYk; Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk; Cf;Ftpj;jy;. tNahjpgu;

eyd; njhlu;ghd ru;tNjr uPjpapy; rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghlnewpfis

toq;Ffpd;w jdpahu; fy;tp epWtdq;fs; Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F 50 rjtPj tup

Fiwg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

• tNahjpgu;fSf;fhd tPl;Lj; Njit kpf mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk;

ehl;by; mjw;fhd toq;fy; kpff; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tNahjpgu;fSf;F gpuj;jpNafkhd tPlikg;G trjpfis epu;khzpg;gjpy;

<LgLfpd;w jdpahu; kw;Wk; fk;gdpfSf;F miuthrp tup tpLKiw

toq;fg;gLk;.

• fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpNul;l gpuirfSf;F itj;jpaf; fhg;GWjpfis

toq;Ftjpy;iynad;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpa te;jJ. ,J vkJ r%fj;jpYs;s

xU FOtpdUf;F vjpuhd ghugl;rkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> 75 taJ

tiuf;Fkhd midj;J gpuirfSf;Fk; kUj;Jtf; fhg;GWjpfis toq;Ftjw;F

midj;Jf; fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfisAk; ehd; Ntz;bf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> 65 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l rpNul;l gpuirfs;

midtUk; Njrpa vz;zpk milahs ml;il toq;fg;gLk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid ,ytrkhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

vkJ vjpu;fhy rpWtu;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;

377. rpWtu;fs; epiyahd Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpapd; mbj;jsq;fshFk;. tho;f;ifapd; ,sk;

gUtkhdJ jdp kdpju;fspd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ngsjPf mgptpUj;jpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

Nghd;Nw r%f kw;Wk; czu;T uPjpahd mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jidf;

ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L &gh 7>000 kpy;ypad; my;yJ 50 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyu;

nrytpdj;jpy; murhq;fk; jw;nghOJ rpW guha mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd

fUj;jpl;lnkhd;wpy; ifr;rhj;jpl;Ls;sJ.

378. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> $l;Lf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J rpwpa FLk;gq;fshf khwptUk;

vkJ FLk;g fl;likg;ghdJ mjpfstpyhd njhopy;GupAk; ngw;Nwhupid

nfhz;bUg;gJld; ek;gfkhdJk; rpwe;j juj;jpyhd rpWtu; guhkupg;G fhzg;glhikahdJ

gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. rpWtu;fis Kiwahfg; guhkupg;gjw;F

Njitahd ngsjPf cl;fl;likg;G Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk; rpWtu; guhkupg;G

epiyaq;fs;> rpWtu; guhkupg;Gf;F cfe;jjhff; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gJld;

guhkupg;ghsu;fs; cupa njhopYf;fhd Kiwahd gapw;rpapid ngw;wpUg;gjpy;iy. Njrpa

rpWtu; guhkupg;G mjpfhu rigapdhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;glf; $ba rpWtu; guhkupg;G

epiyaq;fis Muk;gpg;gjw;F jdpahu; Jiwf;F ehd; Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Ffpd;Nwd;. vdNt>

mj;jifa nrytpdq;fis jifik ngWk; nfhLg;gdthf mDkjpg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

379. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fle;j rpy khjq;fspy; khj;jpuk; rpWtu;fs; flj;jg;gl;L>

ghypay; ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l ,sk; rpWtu;fs; gw;wpa

kdij cUf;Fk; nra;jpfs; gytw;wpid ehk; Nfs;tpAw;Nwhk;. rpWtu;fisg;

ghJfhg;gjw;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; mu;g;gzpg;gpid ehd; ,q;F Fwpg;gplhky; ,Uf;f

80  

KbahJ. rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu;ghd ,g;gpur;rpidfis tpyf;fp Nehf;f Ntz;Lnkd

ahUk; fUj KbahJ. vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdiug; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Kd;nkhopTfs;

gpd;tUkhW:

• FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fspd; Njitfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd xOq;FgLj;jy;

Ntiyr; rl;lfnkhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;> rpWtu; guhkupg;G trjpfis

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; r%fj;jpy; rpwe;j guhkupg;ghsu;fis cUthf;Fk;

Nehf;fj;JlDk;; rpWtu; fw;wy; Ntiyr;rl;lfk; kw;Wk; Njrpa rl;lk;> ju

Ntiyr;rl;lfk; vd;gtw;wpid jahupg;gjw;fhd Mizapid Njrpa rpWtu;

ghJfhg;G mjpfhu rig nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy; rpWtu; ghJfhg;G mjpfhu

rigapd; gq;fspg;G fle;j fhyq;fspy; ghupastpy; fhzg;gl;lJ vd;wtifapy;

mJ NkYk; ];jpug;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf jpul;L epjpapypUe;J &gh

100 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• vkJ ehl;by; jpwik kpf;f rpWtu; guhkupg;ghsu;fs; Fiwthff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,J KO r%fj;jpYk; jhf;fnkhd;wpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

rpWtu; guhkupg;ghsu;fSf;fhd rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;l gapw;rpfis toq;Ftjw;F

Muk;gf; fl;lkhf ,yq;ifj; njhopy; gapw;rp mjpfhu rigf;Fk; Njrpa rpWtu;

ghJfhg;G mjpfhu rigf;Fk; &gh 50 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. 380. mNj Ntisapy;> rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu;ghd rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gl;l gapw;rp newpfis

toq;Fk; VNjDk; jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; ,ul;il tup ed;ik fpilg;gjw;fhd tha;g;G

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. jghy; Nritfs;

381. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpd;dQ;ry;> ,izaj;js ghtidapd; fhuzkhf jghy;

NritahdJ cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;fp

tUfpd;wJ. ,d;W vkJ jghy; Nrit $l mt;thwhd rthy;fis vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,e;jtifapy;> mt;thwhd rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;F jghy; Nritapid $upau;

Nritfis toq;Fk; tpahghukhf khw;Wtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; jkJ

Nritfis ,oe;Js;s cg jghyfq;fs; mtw;wpdJ Nritfis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F

epjp xj;Jiog;gpid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. tq;fpfspd; rhu;gpy;

Nrkpg;Gfis Nrfupf;fpd;w gzpapy; <LgLtjw;Fk; mtw;wpid ,yhgk; juf;$ba

epWtdq;fshf khw;Wtjw;fhd Nkyjpf tUkhdj;jpid ngwf;$ba Nritfis

toq;FkhWk; ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

nghJ kf;fs; xOq;F kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G

382. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; ghJfhg;G> rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;fpid

Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F mikr;ru; kw;Wk; nghyp]; kh mjpgUld;

fye;jhNyhrpj;J jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; 428 nghyp]; epiyaq;fis 600 nghyp];

epiyaq;fshf mjpfupg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;tUfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf Nkyjpfkhf &gh 1>000

kpy;ypad; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gLk;.

383. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpf Jaukhd #o;epiyapy; vkJ nghyp]; mYtyu;fs;

gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wdu;. mtru epiyikfspd; NghJ cldbahf nraw;gLtJld; vkJ

kf;fSf;F Njitahd Vida gy;NtW NjitfisAk; mtu;fs; toq;Ffpd;wdu;.

81  

mtu;fs; cs;ehl;bYk;> ntspehl;bYk; etPd thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwik cs;slq;fyhf Kf;fpakhd Jiwfspy; njhluhd gapw;rp toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba

Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ehl;bYs;s Njrpa nghyp]; gapw;rpf; fy;Y}upapid

tYg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 100 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

384. njhiyj; njhlu;G tiyaikg;G cUthf;fkhdJ mtruj; Njitfspd; nghJ nghyp];

cldbahf nraw;gLtjw;Fk; murhq;f epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; kf;fSf;fpilapy;

njhlu;ghlypid mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; ,J mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,k; Kd;nkhoptpid

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.

385. nghyprhhpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Nritfis vkJ murhq;fk; ed;F czu;e;Js;sJ vd;w

tifapy; mLj;j ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fs; nghyp]; Nritapy; fhzg;gLk; rk;gs

Kuz;ghLfis ePf;Ftjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf 50 rjtPjkhd epYitf;

nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

386. NkYk;> rpwe;j epjp eilKiwfis Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; midj;J nghyp];

epiyaq;fSk; jdpahd nrytpd epiyankhd;wpid nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

mur cilik njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;

387. mur cilik njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; ehl;bd; Kf;fpa Jiwfshd kpd;rhuk;> vupnghUs;>

JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiyak; tpkhd Nritfs; kw;Wk; ePu; toq;fs;

Mfpatw;wpy; jdp cupikahfNth my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpLk; gbahd fl;Lg;ghl;ilNah

nfhz;Ls;sjd; fhuzkhf mur nghUshjhu cghaq;fspy; xu Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gq;fpidf;

nfhz;Ls;sd. tUthia mjpfhpf;Fk; topahd ve;j xU mur njhopy; Kaw;rpAk;

jdpahh; kag;gLj;jg;gl khl;lhJ vd murhq;fk; kPs typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jw;F

khw;wkhf mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfis cWjpg;gLj;jTk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhf ,aq;ff;$ba

tifapyhd cghakhd mDFKiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjpy; murhq;fk; ftdk;

nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

388. Kjypy; midj;J mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfSk; murhq;fj;jpw;F cupikahd xU $l;Lf;

fk;gdpapd; Kfhikapd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gLk;. mJ rpq;fg;G+h; njkhnrf; $l;Lf;

fk;gdpfis xj;jjhFk;. ,g;nghJf; fk;gdpahdJ rpwe;j epjpapay; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

re;ij nghUshjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk;. ,j; njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd;

gq;FfshdJ “nghJr; nrhj;J epjpaj;jpw;F” khw;wg;gLk;. jpiwNrupapd; nrayhsh; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fp MSeh; MfpNahh; ghJfhtyuhf ,Ug;gh;. ,e;epjpakhdJ xU ,af;Fdh;

rigapdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk;. ,t; ,af;Fdh; rigahdJ murpay; mikg;G

rigapdhy; epakpf;fg;gLk;. rptpy; r%fk; th;j;jf rk;Nksdq;fs; kw;Wk;

njhopw;rq;fq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,g; nghJr; nrhj;J

epjpakhdJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F tif$wy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J mKYf;F tUk; tifapy;

GjpanjhU mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; rl;lkhf;fg;gLk;.

389. mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; ,af;Feh; rigahdJ njhopy; ty;Ydh;fis epakpg;gjd;

%yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. Kf;fpakhd mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Rje;jpukhf nraw;gl

,lkspg;gNjhL mitfs; Kf;fpakhd nrayhw;Wif Rl;bfspDhlhf (KPI)

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. Kf;fpakhd mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; jug;gLj;jy; Kiwikfis

82  

gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; jkf;Fkj; Njitahd %yjdq;fis

gy;NtWgl;l epjp %yq;fspDhlhf cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L %yjdr; re;ijfspy;

,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;ij mspf;Fk;.

390. Ra ek;gpf;ifAs;s mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; rpwg;ghd

xOq;Fg;gLj;jy; nghwpKiw kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,yq;if nghJ trjpfs;

Mizf;FOtpd; mjpfhuq;fis tpupT gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; mtw;iw

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtrpakhd rl;lthf;fq;fis ,aw;wp Njrpa ePu; toq;fy;

tbfhyikg;G rig kw;Wk; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Mfpatw;iwAk;

nfhz;LtUtjDhlhf ,e;epWtdq;fs; fpuaj;ij gpujpgspf;ff;$ba ntspg;gilahd

tpiyaply; nghwpKiwapid iff;nfhs;s KbAk;.

391. mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; njhlh;ghd murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifahdJ mtw;wpd;

KjyPLfs; nghUshjhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cgha mikitf; nfhz;L topelhj;jg;gLk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; KjyPl;L gl;bayhdJ Kf;fpakhd cghakhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfshd

kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp, khw;wy;> JiwKfq;fs;> ePu; toq;fy; Nghd;wtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

gpujhd mur njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; khj;jpuky;yhky; cghakw;w N`hl;ly;fs;,

itj;jparhiyfs; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; KjyPL nra;Js;sJ. nfsut gpujk mikr;rh;

mth;fs; ,r;rigapy; $wpaijg; Nghd;W cghakw;w Jiwfshd tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

yq;fh n`h];gpl;ly; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l n`hl;ly; mgptpUj;jpf; fk;gdp (nfhOk;G

`py;ld;) `ahl; tjptplk; Nthl;lu;]; vl;[]; fpuhz;l; xupad;ly; N`hl;ly; nrypq;Nfh

n`h];gpl;ly; kw;wk; nkhgpl;ly; epWtdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; mur KjyPLfspy;

gbg;gbahf KOikahfNth my;yJ ghjpastpNyh tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;by;

nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijapy; gl;bayplg;gl;L ,g;gl;bayply; %yk; cUthf;fg;gLk;

gzkhdJ fle;j uh[gf;~ murhq;fj;jpdhy; cah; fpuaj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l

fld;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t; murhq;fj;jpd; cghakhdJ

xUgf;f rhh;ghdjy;y vd;gij typAWj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;. MfNt murhq;fkhd ,t;

cghakw;w nrhj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtjw;F gpd;epw;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. mNjNghy;

murhq;fkhdJ re;ijia mtjhdpj;J ehl;bd; nghUshjhu nfhs;ifAld; xj;Jg;

NghFk; cghafukhd cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;Fk;

gpd;epw;gjpy;iy.

392. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs yq;fh rNjhr epWtdkhdJ re;ijapy; tpiyfisg;

NgZtjw;fhd rpwg;ghdnjhU epWtdkhFk;. MapDk; mJ ,d;W &gh 8 gpy;ypad;fis

jpuz;l el;lj;Jld; nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Fg; gpujhd fhuzk;

tq;fhsNjrpy; ,Ue;J xU fpNyh &gh 75 gb ,wf;Fkjp nra;J &gh 50 ,w;Fg;

tpw;gid nra;jJ Nghd;w tpNtfkw;w murpay; jPu;khhzq;fsht; Vw;gl;ljhFk;. yq;fh

rnjhr MdJ nghJ kf;fspd; tho;ifr; nryitf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd xU Fohahf

gad;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. yq;fh rnjhr epWtdj;ij kPs; fl;bnaOg;Gk; Kaw;rpapd;

Kjw; fl;lkhf mjd; fld;fs; kPs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gLk;. mNjNtis> gq;fPl;L

tiyaikg;ghdJ tp];jupf;fg;gl;L tpw;gid epiyaq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia 500 Mf

mjpfupg;gjw;fhf &gh 1000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

393. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs mjp Ntfg;ghij kw;Wk; fl;Lehaf;f mjpNtfg; ghij

vd;gtw;wpw;F xU tpNrl Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd epWtdk; cUthf;f Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;

tpNrl Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd epWtdj;jpy; (SPV) jdpahh; Jiwapdh; KjyPL nra;tjw;fhf

miof;fg;gLth;. mth;fspd; KjyPLfSf;fhd Fiwe;j gl;r jpUk;gYf;F murhq;fk;

83  

cj;juthjk; mspf;Fk;. ,k;KjyPl;bD}lhf cUthf;fg;gLk; epjpahdJ ehL ngw;Ws;s

fld;fspypUe;J tpLgLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

394. Eiur;Nriy epyf;fhp kpd; epiyaj;jpidAk; gq;F re;ijf;F nfhz;Ltuf;$ba

tifapy; xU tpNrl Nehf;fj;Jf;fhd epWtdk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. ehd; typAWj;JtJ

vd;dntd;why; ,k; kpd;epiyaj;jpd; chpikapy; vt;tpj khw;wKk; Vw;gl khl;lhJ.

Mdhy; ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapd; jputj;jd;ikahdJ NkYk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.

mjd;%yk; mjdJ eltbf;iffis tpupthf;fk; nra;aTk; KbAk;.

395. ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ Vida ,uz;L jdpahh; jhgdq;fspdJk;

xj;Jiog;Gld; jw;NghJ Fiw gad;ghl;by; cs;s jpUNfhzkiy vz;nza; jhq;fp

gz;izia Kfhik nra;tjw;F xU fk;gdp cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,t;trjpahdJ

gpizf;fg;gl;l Rq;f fsQ;rpaq;fshf nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

396. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp kw;Wk; nfsut gpujku; MfpNahhpd;

mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F mikthf mur njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; ,af;Feh; rig mq;fj;jth;fs;

kw;Wk; jiyth;fs; rk;gsq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfs; tiuaWf;fg;gLk;. ,J njhlu;gpy;

,jw;F Kd;du; toq;fg;gl;l mwpTUj;jy;fs; kPwg;gl;Ls;sd. vt;thwhapDk; 2016 rdtup

1 Me; jpfjp jpiwNrupapdhy; ntspaplg;gLk; xOq;Ftpjpfs; fl;lhak; gpd;gw;wg;gLjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

tpkhd Nritj;Jiw

397. murhq;fkhdJ rfha nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wp vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLfSkw;w tpkhdg;

Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritf;fhd jpwe;j Mfhaf; nfhs;ifia Kd;dpWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk;

ru;tNjr tpkhd Nritfs; ,yq;ifia xU tpUg;Gj;jskhff; nfhs;SkhW miog;G

tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.

398. cs;@h; tpkhd Nritfis cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf jpfd> gJis kw;Wk; Gj;jsk;

Mfpa ,lq;fspy; %d;W cs;@h; tpkhd epiyaq;fis mur jdpahh; gq;Flikahf

cUthf;fg;gLk;.

399. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> Mgphpf;fhTf;Fk; fpof;fhrpahTf;Fk; ,ilapy;

Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,J ,d;Dk; 10 tUl

fhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd mstpy; tsu;r;rpailAk;. MfNt ,yq;if Rw;Wyh

Nkk;gLj;jy; gzpafk; rh;tNjr tpkhd NritfSld; ,ize;J ,g;gpuahzpfs; fpof;fpy;

,Ue;J Nkw;fpw;F gazpf;Fk; NghJ ,yq;ifapy; jupj;J nry;yf;$ba tifapy;

mth;fisf; ftUtjw;fhd cghaq;fis cUthf;FkhW ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

400. cs;@h; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwia Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy;> cs;@h; tpkhd epiyaq;fis

gad;gLj;Jk; tpkhd NritfSf;F ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk; gpuahzpfs; ifahy;if fl;lzk;

kw;Wk; Vida fl;lzq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fspf;f Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mth;fs;

tUlhe;jk; &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad; mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzj;ij nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

401. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> 2016 Mk; Mz;bd; rdthp 1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J th;j;jf

tpkhdq;fs; kPjhd Nkyjpf Nritfs; mwtPLfis 20 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpg;gjw;F

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

=yq;fd; tpkhd Nrit

402. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> vkpNul;]; ,lkpUe;J =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritapd;

Kfhikj;JtkhdJ kPz;Lk; ifNaw;fg;gl;l gpd;G mJ kpfTk; Nkhrkhd Kiwapy;

Kfhik nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; jw;Nghija fld;fshdJ &gh 158 gpy;ypad;fshf

84  

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; 72 rjtPjk; fle;j Ml;rpapy; ,Wjp %d;W Mz;Lfspy;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhFk;. ,J gpujhdkhf Coy; FLk;g Mjpf;fk; kw;Wk;

fPo;kl;lj;jpyhd Kfhik vd;gtw;wpdhy; Vw;gl;ljhFk;. ,J ehl;bd; tup

nrYj;Jdu;fSf;F nra;Ak; mePjpahFk;. kw;Wk; mth;fis juf;Fiwthf fUJtJkhFk;.

,f;fld;fspd; %yk; 45>000 g]; tz;bfSf;F 25 rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> 40 rfy trjpfSld; $ba itj;jpa rhiyfs; kw;Wk; 48>000 Gjpa

tPLfisf; fl;Ltjw;F epjpaPl;lk; nra;jpUf;fyhk;. Jujph;~;ltrkhf =yq;fd; tpkhd

Nritapd; kPnsOr;rp nra;Ak; Kiwfs; kpf ke;jfjpapNy ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.

403. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritia kWrPuikg;G nra;J

njhopy;td;ik nfhz;l cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L epGzu;fisf; nfhz;L Kfhik

nra;ag;gl;L ,yhgfukhd nray; ,lq;fSld; gpuhe;jpa tpkhd Nritahf kPs;

,izf;fg;gLk;.

404. =yq;fd; tpkhd Nritapy; vt;tpjkhd murpay; jiyaPLfSk; ,Uf;fhnjd;W ehd;

,g;ghUSkd;wj;jpw;F cWjpaspf;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;epWtdj;ij ehq;fs; ntw;wpfukhf ,yhgk;

ciof;Fk; kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Kd;khjphpahd Njrpa tpkhd Nritahf

khw;wpaikg;Nghk;. murhq;fk; kWrPuikg;G eltbf;iffspy; KO mu;g;gzpg;Gld;

nraw;gLtNjhL midj;J nghWg;Gf;fisAk; ,ja Rj;jpNahL epiwNtw;Wk;.

405. ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk; gpuahzpfs; ifahy;if kw;Wk; czT toq;fy; nraw;ghLfs;

ntt;Ntwhf fk;gdpfshf ,af;fg; ngw;W midj;J tpkhd NritfSf;Fk; Nritfis

toq;Fk;.

kp`pd; yq;fh

406. kp`pd; yq;fh tpkhd NritahdJ fle;j Ml;rpahsu;fspd; ,d;DnkhU epidTr;

rpd;dkhFk;. NkYk; mJ mur jpiwNrhpia cwpQ;rpf; Fbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

ehq;fs; Vw;fdNt kPs; fl;likg;G jpl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;Js;Nshk;. kp`pd; yq;fhthdJ

RUf;fw;w Fiw fl;lz tpkhd Nritahf epiygLj;jg;gLk;. kp`pd; tpkhd

NritahdJ gpujhdkhf jdJ Njitfis cs;@h; topfspy; Nkw;nfhs;tNjhL njupT

nra;ag;gl;l rh;tNjr topfSf;F khj;jpuk; jdJ nraw;ghl;il kl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;.

kj;jis tpkhd epiyak;

407. kj;jis tpkhd epiyakhdJ fle;j murhq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xU mehtrpa

Kaw;rpahFk;. ,t; tpkhd epiyaj;ij eph;khzpg;gjw;fhf ngw;Wf;nfhz;l fldpd;

fhuzkhf ehlhdJ fld; neWf;fb epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. kj;jis tpkhd

epiyaj;jpy; mur jdpahh; gq;Flikapd; fPo; kPnsOr;rp nra;tjpy; murhq;fk; ftdk;

nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd; fPo; tpkhd epiyakhdJ tpkhd Xl;Leh; gapw;rp tpkhd ruf;F

fsQ;rpak; kw;Wk; ruf;Ffs; ,lk; efu;j;jy; Nritfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

408. kj;jis tpkhd epiyaj;ij tpkhdr; ruf;Ffs; ifahy;if kj;jpa epiyakhf

gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf

xU fp.fpuhKf;F 4 rj I.m. nlhyh;fis epiyahd fl;lzkhf mwtpLtjw;F

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

409. kj;jis tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; jdpahh; Jiwapdh; tpkhd Xl;Leh; gapw;rpf; fy;Y}hp

kw;Wk; tpkhd guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; gq;Fghh;j;jy; trjpfis jdpahh; Jiwapdh;

cUthf;Ftij Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

85  

tpidj;jpwdhd r%fg; ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;G

410. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> gy;NtW fhuzq;fspdhy; r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; gytPdkhd

epiyapy; fhzg;gLk; mq;fj;jtu;fis ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,t; murhq;fkhdJ ehl;by;

xU cWjpahd r%fg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; tiygpd;dy; nghwpKiwia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; jplrq;fw;gk; g+z;Ls;sJ. Fbj;njhFjpfSld; njhlHGgl;l mur

khdpaq;fshdJ vg;NghJk; mjpfupj;Jr; nrd;Ws;sJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;by; tuT

nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; &gh 383 gpy;ypad;fshf fhzg;gl;l khdpaq;fs; 2016 Mk; Mz;by;

&gh 420 gpy;ypad;fshf mjpfhpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;Fbj; njhFjpfSld;

njhlHGgl;l khw;wy;fshtJ rKh;j;jp> cukhdpak;> Xa;t+jpak; Mfpa r%fg; ghJfhg;G

KiwikfisAk; cs;slf;fpajhFk;. gadhspfis milahsk; fhzg;gLtjpYs;s

xOq;fw;w jd;ik ,r;r%fg; ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lq;fspy; KiwNfLfs; mjpfhpg;gjw;F

fhuzkhf cs;sNjhL gadhspfs; vz;zpf;ifia kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf

cs;sJ.

411. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis kPsha;T nra;tjw;fhd rhpahd Neuk; ,JthFk; vd ehd;

ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> r%fg; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy;

fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L Kf;fpa rpf;fy;fs; ahnjdpy; nghUj;jkhd gadhspfis

milahsk; fhzy; kw;Wk; jilfsw;w Kiwapy; ed;ikfs; gadhspfisr;

nrd;wiltjhFk;. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; r%f eyr; rl;lj;jpw;Fs; jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

,g;nghwpKiwia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; vkJ r%fg; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy;

cs;thq;fg;glf;$ba cz;ikahd gq;fhspfis murhq;fk; milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhf

r%f tiyaikg;G nghwpKiwf;Fs; fpuhk Nrtfh;fSld; rpNul;l gpuirfs; fpuhk

Kf;fpa];jh;fisAk; cs;slq;fr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jf; nfhLg;gdTfspYk;

ehl;bd; vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; fpisfs; tiygpd;dy; trjpfs; nfhz;L tq;fp Kiwapd;

Clhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,k;KiwahdJ Xustpyhd

ntspg;gilahd KiwikahFk;. ,J eyd;fs; vt;tpjj; jilaPLfs;> ifahly;fs;

kw;Wk; Coyw;w Kiwapy; gadhspfSf;F fpilf;fr; nra;tij cWjpnra;Ak;.

412. vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; ek;gpf;if vd;dntd;why; midj;J R%fg; ghJfhg;G epfor;rpj;

jpl;lq;fSk; cs;ehl;L mYty;fs; mikr;rpd; fPo; xU epWtdj;jpdhy; fz;fhzpg;Gr;

nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

413. ,r;nrad;Kiwapd; Clhf vkJ r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cz;ikahd eype;jth;fSf;F

NkYk; eyd;fis ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F toptFg;gNjhL kuG hPjpahf gytPdh;fshf

fUjg;gLk; mq;ff; FiwghL> RftPdk;> fy;tpf;fhd MjuT kw;Wk; KjpNahh; eyd;

nfhLg;gdT Nghd;wtw;Wf;F Nkyjpfkhf vkJ r%fg; ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;gpy; Gjpa

fhuzq;fshy; Njhd;Wk; mjhtJ njhopy;fis ,oe;jth;fisAk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F

tha;g;G mspf;fg;gLk;.

mur epjp

414. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> midj;J mur nfhs;tdTfs; njhlh;ghfTk; fLikahd

xOq;Ftpjpfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. nfsut gpujkhpdhy; ,r;rigapy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l

nfhs;ifg; gpuflzj;jpd; gb kj;jpa ngWiffs; nrayfk; cUthf;fg;gLk;. ,J

midj;J Nfs;tp kD mspg;Gf;fisAk; Nkw;ghh;it nra;tNjhL Fwpg;gpl;l ngWkjpf;F

Nkyhd midj;J nfhs;tdTfisAk; ifahYk;.

415. fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf gy fUj;jpl;lq;fs; ntspg;gilahd kw;wk; jpwe;j Nghl;b

mbg;gilapyhd ngWif nrad;Kiwf;F khw;wkhf miof;fg;glhj Kd;nkhopTfshfNt

86  

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;epiy fhuzkhf murhq;fkhdJ rpy fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F

mjp$ba fl;lzq;fis nrYj;jNtz;b Vw;gl;lJ. murhq;f tpiy kDf;fSf;F

tpz;zg;gpg;gJ njhlh;ghf jdpahh; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; xg;ge;jf;fhuh;fis

mwpt+l;Ltjw;fhf xU FO mikf;fg;gLk;.

416. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ehd; kPz;Lk; $w tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;why; jpiwNrhp

nrayhsUf;F KOikahfNth my;yJ ghhpastpy; chpj;jhd ve;jNthU fk;gdpAk;

my;yJ mur njhopy;Kaw;rpAk; jpiwNrhp nrayhshpd; vOj;jpyhd mDkjpapd;wp

Jizf; fk;gdpfspy; kw;Wk; ,ize;j fk;gdpfspy; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ.

mNjNghy; ve;jnthU mikr;Rk; my;yJ jpizf;fsKk; jpiwNrhpapd; nrayhshpdhy;

vOj;jpyhd mDkjpapd;wp ve;jnthU fk;gdpapYk; KjyPL nra;a KbahJ.

417. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tpiy kDf;Nfhuy; eltbf;if njhlh;ghd fl;lzq;fspy;

khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

418. mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; jpizf;fsq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gpj;jis nrg;G kw;Wk; ,Uk;G

kw;Wk; ghtpf;fg;glhj midj;J nghUl;fSk; ntspg;gilahd tpiykDf;Nfhuy;

my;yJ Vykply; %yk; tpw;gid nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

419. gy;NtWgl;l murhq;f epWtdq;fspdhYk; tpjpf;fg;gLk; gy;NtWgl;ll fl;lzq;fs;

kw;Wk; mwtPLfis xt;nthU %d;W tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw kPsha;T nra;AkhW

midj;J gpujhd fzf;fPl;L cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; fzf;fPl;L

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fisAk; nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fspYs;s tUkhdf; fzf;fPl;L

mjpfhupfisAk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

420. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> murhq; nrhj;Jf;fshdJ Kiwahf Kfhik

nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy. MfNt mur epjpj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; xU Njrpa nrhj;Jf;fs;

,lhg;G xd;iw NgZtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

421. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tuT nryTj;jpl;l mKy;gLj;jyhdJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;L rdthpapy; ,Ue;J midj;J mikr;Rf;fSk; tuT

nryTj;jpl;l mKyhf;fiy fz;fhzpf;Fk; gb Ntz;bf; nfhs;tNjhL xJf;fPl;Lf;F

Nkyjpfkhf vt;tpj mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhJ vd;gij cWjp nra;J

xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU &ghtpy; ,Ue;J kf;fSf;F mjpfgl;r ed;ikia ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

422. nfsut rghehafu;; mth;fNs> murpiw Kfhikj;Jt (nghWg;Gr;) rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

cj;juthj tiuaiwfis eilKiwapYs;s 7 rjtPj nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapid 10

rjtPkjhf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;> 50 rjtPjj;jpw;F Fiwthd murhq;fg; gq;Flikapidf;

nfhz;l murhq;f jdpahu; gq;FlikfSf;F cj;juthjq;fis toq;Ftjw;F KbAkhf

,Uf;Fk;. fl;lz mbg;gilapy; jpiwNrup cj;juthjq;fis toq;Ftjw;F KbAkhd

tifapy; ,jw;fhd xOq;Ftpjpfs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

jpiwNrhp nraw;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;jy;

423. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehl;bd; tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjpy; ehq;fs;

mh;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gLfpd;Nwhk;. Rq;fk;> fyhy;> cs;ehl;L ,iwthp kw;Wk; tpiykjpg;G

midj;J tUkhdj;Jld; njhlh;G tplaq;fisAk; ghprPyid nra;tjw;fhf jpiwNrhpapy;

tUkhd tpidj; jpwd; kw;Wk; ghprPyid mynfhd;iw ];jhgpg;Nghk;.

424. cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fskhdJ> jw;NghJs;s fl;llj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. ,lg;

gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf jdJ eltbf;iffis tphpthf;fp nraw;gLtjhy; gy

rpf;fy;fis vjph;Nehf;fpAs;sJ. mjid epth;j;jp nra;AKfkhf ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;

87  

fyhy; jpizf;fsk;> jghy; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Njrpanyhj;jh; rig vd;gtw;iw xNu

$iuapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf Xh; etPdkakhd fl;llk; jpUg;Nghyp re;ijapy;

eph;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

425. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murpayikg;gpd; 148 MtJ cWg;Giuapd; gb mur epjp

njhlh;ghd g+uz mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Nf chpajhFk;. gy mur jpuz;l epjpf;F

ntspNa mikr;rh;fs; / jpizf;fsq;fs; kw;Wk; murnjhopy; Kaw;rpfs; gy epajpr;

rl;lky;yh epjpfis cUthf;fp mit jdpg;gl;l epWtdq;fspy; Kfhik

nra;ag;gLtNjhL> mtw;wpd; nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk; ngWtdTfs; njhlh;ghf

ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;iy.

426. midj;J mur epjpfSk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; cs;sJ vd;gij

Vw;fdNt cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s elgb Kiwfspd; fPo; cWjpg;gLj;JKfkhf midj;J

epajpr; rl;lky;yh epjpfisAk; kPsha;T nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhoptNjhL> ,j;jifa

epjpfspy; nkhj;jkhf &gh 80 gpy;ypad;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd kPsha;tpd;

%yk; eilKiwr; r+o;epiyapy; ,j;jifa epjpfspd; ,Ug;G mtrpakh vd;gij mwpe;J

nfhs;syhk;. NkYk;> mt;thwhd epjpfspd; ,Ug;ghdJ ,d;wpaikahjJ vdf;

fhzg;gbd; me;epjpfs; jw;Nghija mtrpak; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; epajpr; rl;lk;

khw;wg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk;> midj;J epjpfspdJk; ngWtdTfs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfs;

ghuhSkd;wf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;.

427. nfsutrghehafh; mth;fNs> 2014 brk;gh; khjk; 31 Mk; jpfjp tiu gy tUlq;fshf

gy;tifahd nghUl;fis nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhfTk;> Nritfis ngw;Wf;

nfhz;ljw;fhfTk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kPjpfs; kw;Wk; jPh;f;fg;glhj Kd;itg;Gf;fs;.

,itfs; 2011 Mk; Mz;L Nghd;w Kd;ida fhyg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J murhq;f

epWtdq;fspdhy; rpwpa mstpyhd eph;khzq;fisAk;> kw;Wk; ghhpa mstpyhd

eph;khzq;fisAk;> nfhz;l cl;fl;likg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd nfhLg;gdTfshff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa nrYj;jg;gl gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba kPjpfspd;

cz;ikj; jd;ikia cWjp nra;AKfkhf Xa;T ngw;w mikr;Rf;fSf;fhd

nrayhsh;fisf; nfhz;lFOnthd;iwcUthf;fmjd; %yk; epYitahfTs;s xg;ge;j

mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; njhlh;ghd ghpe;Jiufis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F epakpf;f Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

428. gy fhuzq;fSf;fhf ntspehl;L epjpfspd; gad;ghlhdJ kpfTk; gpd ;js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nra;Kiw g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;F 5 - 6 khjq;fs; vLf;fpd;wd. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; epjp

mikr;Rf;F NkYk; rl;l hPjpahd cWjpg;ghl;ilngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; Kfkhf rl;lkh

mjpgh; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J %d;W mjpfhhpfis epjp mikr;Rf;F tpLtpf;FkhWk;

rl;lkh mjpghplk; nfsutkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

429. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;ifapy; mur Jiw epjp KiwikahdJ

njhlh;r;rpahf rpf;fyhd tplakhf khwptUfpd;wJ. mur epjp KfhikahdJ

murhq;fj;jpd; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd Kd;Dhpikahf khwp tUfpd;wJ. mur epjpj; Jiw

mjpfhhpfSf;F mtrpakhd Kaw;rpfis mspg;gjw;fhd xU njhopy; hPjpahd epWtdk;

fhzg;glhik xU FiwghlhFk;. ,d;W tiu vkJ ehl;by; mur epjp Kfhikj;Jtk;

njhlh;ghf njhopy;rhh; jifikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F xU rhpahd nghwpKiw

fhzg;glhikahdJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xU FiwghlhFk;. ,jd; tpisthf mur Jiw

epjp Kfhik mjpfhhpfs; jkJ njhopy; hPjpahd jifikfis jdpahh; Jiw epjp

88  

Kfhikahsh;fSf;F gapw;rpaspf;Fk; cah; njhopy;fy;tp epWtdq;fspNy

ngwNtz;bAs;sJ.

430. ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> mur Jiwf; fzf;fhsh;fspd; njhopy;; hPjpahd jifikfis ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;ff; $ba fy;tp epWtfnkhd;iw epjp mikr;rpd; fPo; cUthf;Ftjw;F &gh 50

kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

431. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> jpiwNrhpapd; eltbf;iffs; jw;NghJ tphpthf;fk;

mile;Js;sJ. mjdhy;> tpidj; jpwdhd gq;fspg;Gf;fis nra;tjw;F tpNrl

jpizf;fsq;fs; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. MfNt> ehq;fs; jpiwNrhpapy; %yjdr; re;ij

eltbf;iffis top elhj;Jtjw;Fk;> jdpahh; Jiwkw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpw;fpilapy;

njhlh;gpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; ,uz;L jpizf;fsq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLk;.

432. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehl;bw;F nghUj;jkhd ,l Kfhikj;Jtf;

nfhs;if xd;W vk;kplk; ,y;iy. Mjyhy;> nghJj; Jiw Nrit toq;fyhdJ. nghpJk;

ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mfNt> murhq;f fhhpahyaq;fspy; rpwg;ghd ,l

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf ,l Kfhikj;Jt myfpid

cUthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

nghJ eph;thfk;

433. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,t;turhq;fkhdJ> ehl;bd; murhq;f Copah;fs; Rje;jpuk;

kw;Wk; nfsutk; Mfpatw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F cWjp mspf;fpd;wJ. xU

Rje;jpukhd mur Nrit Mizf; FOnthd;W epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. murpay;

kakhf;fg;gl;l mur Jiw vd;gJ ,we;j fhytplakhFk;.

434. ,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; mur Copah;fSf;F mjp $ba rk;gs mjpfhpg;ghd 10>000 &ghit

toq;Ftjhf cWjp mspj;jpUe;Njhk;. mNj Nghy ehq;fs; mt;TWjpnkhopia

epiwNtw;wpNdhk;. ,J murCopah;fs; jkJ Nritfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd

NeukhFk;. vkJ kf;fspd; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ehd; ftiyAld;

$wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;why;> mur Jiw Nrit toq;fyhdJ> fPo;

kl;lj;jpNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J rPh; nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. cw;gj;jpj; jpwdhdJ

njhlh;e;Jk; rpf;fyhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ ehl;bd; KO nkhj;j nghUshjhu

tsh;r;rpiaAk; ghjpj;Js;sJ. cj;Ntfkhf nrayhw;wf; $ba mur gzpj; JiwNa

vg;NghJk; vjph;fhy nraw;ghlhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

435. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;> Nkyjpf Mszpapdiuf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;J

Copah;fis ngw;W xU mur Copah; FOkk; xd;iw cUthf;fp Copah;fs; FOkk;

xd;iw cUthf;fp Copah;fs; gw;whf;Fiwahd epWtdq;fSf;F tpLtpf;fgg;gLth;.

436. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> murhq;fkhdJ thfdq;fis nfhs;tdT nra;jy; kw;Wk;

guhkhpj;jYf;F ngUksT gzj;ij nryT nra;fpd;wJ. MfNt thfdq;fs; nfhs;tdT

nra;tjw;F gjpyhf nraw;ghl;L Fj;jif mbg;gilapy; thfdq;fis ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd; NghJ Fj;jifapy; guhkhpg;Gr; nryT> fhg;GWjp>

fl;lzk; kw;Wk; thfdk; njhlh;ghd Vida fl;lzq;fisAk; mtNu nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

vt;thwhapDk;> jdJ nrhe;j thfdj;ij ghtpf;f tpUk;Gk; mur Copah;fSf;F mjp

$ba nfhLg;gdthf vhpnghUs; nfhLg;gdtpw;F Nkyjpfkhf khjhe;jk; &gh 50>000

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j Gjpa KiwahdJ tUlhe;jk; &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid

Nrkpf;f cjTk;.

437. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mur Jiw Nrit toq;fyhdJ vt;tpj gaidAk;

jUtjhf ,y;iy. mur epWtdq;fSf;FtUk; fbjq;fs; gjpy; mspf;fg;glhky; gy

89  

khjq;fshf fplf;fpd;wd. MfNt> fpilf;fg; ngw;w fbjq;fSf;F 5 Ntiyehl;fSf;Fs;

njhpag;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J nghJ eph;thf kw;Wk; nghJ Kfhikj;Jt mikr;rpdhy;

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.

438. ntspehLfspy; fhzg;gLk; vkJ J}juhyaq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

,j;J}juhyaq;fs; Nritnra;Ak; Copah;fSf;F tphpthd gapw;rpfis ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy J}Jth; Nrit mjpfhhpfs;

Foe;ijfSf;F fy;tp fw;gpg;gjw;fhd nrytpy; 75 rjtPjj;ij murhq;fk; nghWg;Ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tNjhL> 25 rjtPjj;ij Copah;fs; jhq;fpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. KjyhtJ

Foe;ijapd; ,uz;lhk; epiyf; fy;tpf;fhd KOr;nrytpidAk; ,uz;lhtJ Foe;ijapy;

,Ue;J 80 rjtPjj;ij murhq;fk; nghWg;Ngw;gjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh

150 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.

439. mur Jiw gjtpazpahdJ etPd cyfpy; Kd; itf;fg;gLk; gy rthy;fis Kfk;

nfhLg;gjw;Fj; jahh; ,y;iy vd;gjid ehd; fhz;fpd;Nwd;. MfNt> mur Jiw

gjtpazpahdJ xt;nthU 5 tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; kPsha;T nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;

vd;gJ vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; fUj;jhFk;.

440. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Nkhl;lhul;irf;fpy;fis nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf

Kw;gzk; nrYj;jpa midj;J mur Copau;fSf;Fk; mit ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;

vd;gjid ehd; njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

441. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> [_iy Ntiy gfp~;fhpg;ghsh;fSf;F xU Kiwf;

nfhLg;gdthf &gh 250>000 I toq;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ePjpj;Jiw

442. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ePjp kd;wq;fs; gy tUlq;fshf fhzg;gLk;

tof;Ffspdhy; epuk;gp topfpd;wd. ,e;epiyikahdJ midj;J ePjp kd;wq;fspYk;

fhzg;gLtNjhL> jPh;g;GfSk; fhyjhkjkhfpd;wd. “fhyjhkjkhd ePjp> epuhfhpf;fg;gl;l

ePjpahFk;”;. ehq;fs; th;j;jf ePjp kd;wq;fspd; nraw;ghLfis Jhpjg;gLj;jpNdhk;. th;j;jf ePjp kd;wq;fs; KjyPl;Lr; R+oiy Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; rpwg;ghd gq;fspg;ig nra;Js;sJ.

tof;Ffis Jhpjg;gLj;jp Mff; Fiwe;jJ 6 khjq;fSf;Fs; jPh;g;gpid toq;Ftjw;F

th;j;jf ePjp kd;wq;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j tifapy; nrtpg;Gy

gjpTfisg; gad;;gLj;jp jd;dpaf;f tof;F Kfhikj;jJt KiwikapidAk; ePjpkd;w

epUthfj;jpidAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

443. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> jw;NghJ vkJ ePjpkd;wq;fs; xU ehisf;F ,UKiw

$Lk; Kiwikia nfhz;ljhf ,y;iy. xUehisf;F ,UKiw tof;Ffis tprhhpf;Fk;

Kiwikia mwpKfk; nra;tjd; %yk; Njq;fpf; fplf;Fk; tof;Ffis tpiuthf

jPu;f;fyhk;.

444. jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; rl;lq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba jpUj;jq;fis milahsk;

fhZk;gb ehd; ePjpaikr;ir Ntz;bf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. rl;l kWrPuhf;fq;fSf;fhf &gh

500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;tUfpd;Nwd;.

445. ePjpj;Jiw gapw;rp epWtfj;jpd; ,aysit fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk; ePjpj;Jiw Copau;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;jy; rl;;l

kh mjpgu; fhupahyak;> rl;l tiuTfs; kw;Wk; mur gFg;gha;T jpizf;fsk;

vd;gtw;wpd; ,aysT fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;.

90  

446. ,yq;if xU kj;jpa];j kj;jpa epiyakhf mikg;gjw;F mtrpakhd cl;fl;likg;G

trjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ehd; mjpfhhpfsplj;jpy;

Ntz;bf;nfhs;tJ vd;dntd;why; fhzg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis gad;gLj;jp

gpzf;F jPu;Tfs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa];j nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpa

eltbf;iffis vLf;FkhW Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

Xa;;t+jpa epjpfs;

447. Xa;Tngw;w njhopw;gil mq;fj;jth;fs; mth;fspd; RWRWg;ghd Ntiyf;fhyj;jpy;

mth;fs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F nra;j gq;fspg;ig fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mth;fSila

vQ;rpa tho;f;iff; fhyj;ij kpfTk; re;Njhrkhd #oypy; fopg;gij murhq;fk; cWjp

nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 2014 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ ehl;;by; 168>900 mq;fj;jtu;fisf; nfhz;l

156 mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Nrkyhg epjpfs; kw;Wk; gq;fspg;G nra;Ak; Xa;t+jpa Kiwfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 2014 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapd; NghJ ,tw;wpd; nkhj;j nrhj;Jf;fs;

kw;Wk; KjyPl;bd; ngWkjpahdJ KiwNa &gh 151 gpy;ypad; kw;Wk; 115

gpy;ypad;fshFk;.

448. njhopy; Mizahshpdhy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Nrkyhg epjpaq;fs;

kw;Wk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; Xa;t+jpaj; jpl;lq;fspd; xOq;FgLj;jy; kw;Wk;

Nkw;ghh;itfs; eypthdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy; ,t;thwhd epjpfspd;

mq;fj;jth;fspd; Nrkpg;Gf;fshdJ Mgj;jhd epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt>

,j;jifa epjpfspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;JKfkhf ntspg;gilahd epUthf

juq;fSld;$ba Gjpa Nkw;ghh;it kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;jy; Kiwikfs;

Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy; ,t; Xa;t+jpa epjpaq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;F ,yq;if

xOq;FgLj;jy; epWtfnkhd;wpw;F rhl;l tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. Xa;t+jpa epjpaq;fis

xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd rl;lthf;fq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

449. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> murhq;fj;jpd; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; epjpaspf;fg;glhj

Xa;t+jpa Kiwikapd; fPo; Xa;t+jpaj;jpw;fhd nrytpdk; fle;j tUlq;fspd; NghJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT mjpfupj;Js;sJ. mjpfupj;JtUk; KjpNahu; rdj;njhif kw;Wk;

mjDld; njhlu;ghd mgptpUj;jpfs; ,t;tplaj;jpid NkYk; Nkhrkhf;fpAs;sJ.

,jdhy; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Xa;t+jpaj;jpid kPs; kjpg;gPL nra;a Ntz;baJ

Kjd;ikahdjhFk;. vdNt jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Xa;t+jpa Kiw jw;nghOJ

Nritahw;Wfpd;w Copau;fSf;F njhlu;e;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; 2016 rdtup 1

Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J Gjpjhf murhq;fj;Jiwf;F Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk; Copau;fSf;F

Gjpa gq;fspg;G Xa;t+jpaj; jpl;lnkhd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLtJld; mtu;fsJ

,isg;ghwypd; NghJ Xa;t+jpak; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd gq;fspg;G murhq;f

Xa;t+jpa epjpf;F mDg;gpitf;fg;gLk;.

450. gpujku; mtuJ nghUshjhu nfhs;iff; $w;wpy; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; gpufhuk; Copa Nrkyhg

epjp kw;Wk; Copau; ek;gpf;if nghWg;G epjpak; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; xd;wpizf;fg;gl

cs;sJ. mj;jifa cghankhd;W murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; njhopw; rq;fq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;

,zf;fg;ghL fhzg;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khj;jpuk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gjid

,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F ehd; mwptpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

91  

451. Copau; Nrkyhg epjpaj;jpd; cWg;gpdu;fs; khjnkhd;Wf;F 100 &ghtpid gq;fspg;ghf

nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; mth;fsJ rpWtu;fSf;F (18 taJ tiu) tpgj;J> jPuhj Neha;

kw;Wk; rj;jpurpfpr;ir vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa Rfhjhu fhg;GWjpahf Mff;$baJ

150>000 &ghtpid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

kfspu; tYt+l;ly;

452. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> vkJ rdj;njhifapy; miuthrpf;F mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLk; ngz;fs; Njapiy gwpj;jy;> Mil ijj;jy; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G vd vkJ nghUshjhuj;jpd; gpujhd Jiwfspy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. vdpDk;

vkJ ehl;bYs;s rl;lthf;f rigfspy; mth;fsJ gpujpepjpj;Jtk; kpfTk; Fiwthff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt vkJ murhq;fk; Nju;jy; %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l murpay;

epWtdq;fspy; ngz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij 25 rjtPjkhf mjpfupg;gjw;F

Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ.

tpahghu nrad;Kiw Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; Mw;wypid mjpfupj;jy;

453. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpahghur; nray;Kiw Kfhikj;Jtj; JiwahdJ 2016

,y; Vw;Wkjp tUkhdj;jpid 1 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyuhf nfhz;bUg;gJld; 2020

mstpy; 100>000 Copau;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis> Vw;Wkjp tUkhdkhf 5

gpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyiu nfhz;bUf;Fnkd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if cyf

jug;gLj;jypy; fle;j %d;W tUlq;fshf njhlu;e;Jk; Kjy; 25 MtJ ,lj;jpy;

,Ug;gjhf v.hp Nfu;zp jug;gLj;jpAs;shu;. fhh;l;dh; ,yq;ifapid cyfpy; Kjy; 30

MtJ ,lj;jpypUg;gjhf jug;gLj;jpAs;shu;.

454. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;fpid miltjw;F vkJ ehL jpwikAs;s jfty; njhopy;El;g

njhopy;Gupeu;fs; gyiu Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,e;jtifapy; jfty; njhopy;El;g

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ru;tNjr mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w jfty; njhopy;El;g

fy;tp epiyaq;fSf;F ehd; miog;G tpLg;gJld; mtw;Wf;F tupr; rYiffis

toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,g; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; jdpahu; murhq;f gq;fspg;G

Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; murhq;fk; fhzp kw;Wk; Vida

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis gq;fspg;ghf toq;Fk;.

455. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if jfty; njhopy;El;g> tpahghur; nrad;Kiw

Kfhikj;Jtf; ifj;njhopypid juk; Fiwthf nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gJ

gpioahdjhFk;. vkJ ehL tpahghuk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopypy; cz;ikahd Mw;wypid

ntspg;gLj;jfpd;wJ vd;gij ehk; cyfpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;ba re;ju;g;gk;

,JthFk;. vdNt> jfty; njhopy;El;g Jiwapy; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd tha;g;Gfis

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;F ehL ru;tNjr gpur;rhuk; kw;Wk; Kd;Ndhb nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj;jp rigapd; %yk; &gh 100 kpy;ypaid my;yJ

gpur;rhu eltbf;iffspd; nkhj;jr; nrytpdj;jpy; 50 rjtPjj;jpid toq;Ftjw;F

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNeuk; SLSSCOM NkYk; 100 kpy;ypaid toq;Ftjw;fhd

Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. SLSSCOM mYtyu;fs; kw;Wk; murhq;f mYtyu;fis

cs;slf;fpa Nkw;ghu;itf; FOnthd;W ,r;nraw;ghLfis fz;fhzpg;gjpy; <LgLk;.

456. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Gj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; njhopy;Kaw;rpahd;ik ,d;wp

nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp mila KbahJ. Gj;jhf;f rpe;jidAs;s vkJ ,sk; gl;ljhupfs;

,yq;ifapy; %yjdj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ fbdkhd tplakhFk;. mtu;fspy;

92  

ngUk;ghyhdtu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; tu;j;jf uPjpahd njhopy;Kaw;rpfshf

khw;wg;gLtjpy;iy. vdNt %yjdg; gw;whf;Fiwapid ePf;Ftjw;Fk; gy;fiyf;fof

gl;ljhupfs; jkJ nrhe;jf; fk;gdpfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Cf;fkspg;gjw;fhf

Mff;Fiwe;jJ 1>000 gl;ljhupfSf;F 3 tUlj;jpw;Fs; MnshUtupd;

fz;Lgpbg;nghd;Wf;F Mff;$baJ &gh 1.5 kpy;ypad; tiu fld; toq;Ftjw;F

murhq;f tq;fpfspd; Clhf fld; toq;Fk; jpl;lnkhd;wpid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,f;fld; vt;tpj gpizAkpd;wp tpahghuj; jpl;lq;fSf;F khj;jpuk;

toq;fg;gLk;. gy;fiyf;fof Nguhrpupau;fs;> ifj;njhopy; njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fs; kw;Wk;

murhq;f Copau;fisf; nfhz;l Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G rigapd; fPo; njhopw;gLk;

FOnthd;wpdhy; ,e;j tpahghuj; jpl;lq;fs; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLk;. ,f;flDf;fhd

cj;juthjk; murhq;fj;jpdhy; KOikahf toq;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; tUlnkhd;Wf;F 100

Gjpa njhopy;Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

457. murhq;fk; #oypay; Kiwiknahd;wpid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F mjpf ftdk;

nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd;%yk; cs;ehl;by; njhopw;gLk; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf;

fk;gdpfs;> Kd;Ndhb KjyPl;lhsu;fs; Fwpj;j gl;ljhupfspd; fk;gdpfspy; gq;fhsu;fshf

,Uf;f KbAnkd;gJld; epjp toq;Ftjd; %yk; Vida njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fSk;>

topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf ,ize;J nfhs;gtu;fSk; KjyPl;Lf;fhd rYiffis

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

458. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;jtifapy; murhq;fk; Fwpj;j njhopy; Jiwapy;

gq;fhsuhf ,Uf;Fkh vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. Mdhy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;F

Cf;fkspg;gjw;F jdpahu; Jiwf;fhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLg;gjpy; murhq;fk;

mf;fiw nrYj;jptUfpd;wJ.

cj;Njr rl;lthf;f jpUj;jq;fs;

459. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; r%f ePjpapid

mile;Jnfhs;tJ NtfKk; tpidj;jpwDk; mNjNghd;W rupahd jPu;khdk; vLj;jYk; kpf

mtrpakhdjhFk;. ePjpapid eilKiwapy; gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba Kiwnahd;iw

jhgpg;gjw;F Njitahd kWrPuikg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; vkJ rl;lq;fisAk; rl;l

KiwikfisAk; kPsha;T nra;tjw;F vkJ murhq;fk; mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gl;L

tUfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; gpzf;F jPu;T kw;Wk; rl;l Vw;ghLfs; xUthuj;jpNyh my;yJ

khjq;fspNyh my;yJ tUlq;fspNyh tiuaWf;f KbahjjhFk;. vkJ rl;l

Kiwikfspd; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; vjpu;ghu;g;gJld; mjd; %yk;

Njrpa nghUshjuj;jpw;F cj;Ntfk; toq;fp vkJ mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis

mile;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.

460. vdJ mikr;rhdJ vkJ gzpfSld; njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fis kPsha;T nra;tjw;fhd

eilKiwfis Vw;fdNt Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. ,jpy; ehzar; nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghL> tup

tpjpg;gdT> Rq;fk;> Copau; Nrkyhg epjp kw;Wk; Copa ek;gpf;if epjp> fhzp

(ifkhw;wy; tiuaiw) rl;lk;> nrayhw;Wif Fiwe;j njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; Fiw

gad;ghl;L Mjdq;fspd; kPnsOr;rp rl;lk;> eyd;Gup ed;ikfs; rl;lk;> murhq;f xg;ge;j

rl;lk; vd;gdTk; cs;slq;Fk;. jdpahu; murhq;f gq;Flik njhlu;gpy; Kiwahd

xOq;Ftpjpfs; vk;kplk; ,y;iynad;gij ehd; Rl;bf;fhl;l tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. vdNt

jdpahu; murhq;f gq;Flikf;fhd rpwe;j rl;l Vw;ghLfs; cUthf;fg;gLk; tiu

,ilf;fhy Vw;ghlhf topfhl;ly;fis tpepNahfpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;

ru;tNjr kj;jpa];jq;fSf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf murhq;fk;

93  

ngUkstpy; nryT nra;tjw;F epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thwhd kj;jpa];j

nrad;KiwfSf;fhd nrytpdk; &gh 100 kpy;ypadhFk;. vdNt ePjp mikr;rpd;

topfhl;lYld; ru;tNjr kj;jpa];j epiyankhd;;wpid ,yq;ifapy; jhgpg;gjw;F ehk;

xj;Jiog;G toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. jw;nghOJ ,jidj; jhgpg;gjw;F Njitahd tsq;fis

ehk; Vw;fdNt toq;fpAs;Nshk;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ru;tNjr kj;jpa];j nrad;Kiwfis

KbAkhd msT jtpu;f;FkhW murhq;f epWtdq;fSf;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.

Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw

461. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; JiwahdJ kpf mtrukhd

kWrPuikg;gpid Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ. ve;jnthU thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kfhikj;JtKk;

fhzg;glhikapdhy; vkJ ghijfs; thfd newpry;fspdhy; epiwe;Js;sd.

,j;Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpAld; ve;jnthU xOq;FgLj;Jif KiwikAk;

gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy.

462. Kr;rf;fu tz;bfs;> thlif thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy Ntd;fs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fs;

Vw;Wk; thfdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf Njrpa Nghf;Ftuj;J Mizf;FOtpd;

Nehf;nfy;iyia tpupthf;Ftjw;F rl;lthf;f jpUj;jq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ghij Nghf;Ftuj;J

463. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if Nghf;Ftuj;J rigahdJ Ng&e;J xd;wpidf;

nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F Mff;Fiwe;jJ &gh 4.5 kpy;ypaid nrytpl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J rigapd; gioa mbr;rl;lq;fs; Gjpa Ng&e;Jfs;

jahupg;Gf;fhd fopT ,Uk;ghf tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt Gjpa Ng&e;Jfis vk;khy;

jahupf;f KbAkhapd;> Ng&e;Jfs; nfhs;tdTf;fhd nrytpdj;jpid Nrkpf;f KbAk;.

vdNt cs;ehl;Lf; fk;gdpfspd; gq;fspg;Gld; njhopw;gLtjw;F KbAkhd Ng&e;Jfisj;

jahupg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghLfisf; fz;lwpAkhW ehd; Nghf;Ftuj;J rigaplk; Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,r;nrad;Kiw %yk; Ng&e;J xd;Wf;F Vwf;Fiwa &gh 1.5 kpy;ypaid

Nrkpf;f KbAk; vd;gJld; tUlnkhd;Wf;F &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid Nrkpf;fKbAk; vd

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

464. murhq;f nrhj;Jf;fs; tPz;tpuak; nra;ag;glf;$lhJ vd;w tifapy;> Nfs;tpg;gj;jpu

Kiwapd; %yk; gad;gLj;j Kbahj midj;J thfdq;fisAk; tpw;gid nra;AkhW

mur Jiw epWtdq;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

465. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> xt;nthU ehSk; Kr;rf;fu tz;bfspdhy; Vw;gLk;

tpgj;Jf;fis ehk; Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;Nwhk;. ehl;by; kf;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F Kr;rf;fu

tz;bfs; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jfpd;wjhapDk;> ,tw;iw 280 ,ae;jpuf; nfhs;ssTila

ehd;F rf;fu thfdq;fshf juKau;j;Jtjw;F Cf;fkspf;f KbAnkd ehd; cWjpahf

ek;GtJld; mjw;fhf rYif mbg;gilapyhd fld; jpl;lnkhd;wpid

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

466. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> rf;jpapid Nrkpg;gjw;Fk; Rw;whly; khriltjid

Fiwg;gjw;Fk; Kr;rf;fu tz;bfspid vupnghUspypUe;J kpd;rhuj;jpw;F khw;WkhW mjd;

cupikahsu;fis ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf fl;lz khzp

nghUj;jg;gl;l Kr;rf;fu tz;bfSf;F &gh 150>000 rYiff; flid toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf &gh 50 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;aTk; ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

94  

467. ehl;by; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l xt;nthU thfdj;jpw;Fk; Nkhl;lhu; thfd milahs

Fwpahf;fpapid nghUj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fis

Kfhik nra;tjw;F cjTtJld; jpUl;bypUe;J ghJfhj;J ghJfhg;gpid

mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf &gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Gifapuj Nghf;Ftuj;J

468. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;by; 1>567 fp.kP Gifapujg; ghijfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,tw;Ws; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT ePskhd Gifapujg; ghijfspy; ehnshd;Wf;F xUrpy

Gifapujq;fs; khj;jpuNk gazpf;fpd;wd. vdNt Gifapujg; ghijfis fl;lz

mbg;gilapy; nghUl;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf jdpahu;

Jiwapdu; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjpg;gjw;fhf ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jd;%yk;

ngwg;gLk; tUkhdk; Gifapujg; ghijfis Kfhik nra;tjw;Fk; mjd; cl;fl;likg;G

trjpfis juKau;j;Jtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs>

Gifapujj; JiwahdJ kpfg; ngUkstpyhd Mjdq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;

mit KOikahf gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,e;jtifapy;> gad;ghL Fiwe;j

Mjdq;fspd; tpistpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cghaq;fisf; fz;lwptjw;F

murhq;fj;jpdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l 5 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l “Gifapujj; mgptpUj;jp

Nguit” xd;wpid jhgpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

469. ,yq;if Nghf;Ftuj;J rig gioa Ng&e;J mbr;rl;lq;fis kPsg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F

gpd;gw;Wfpd;w mNj topKiwapid ,yq;if Gifapujj; JiwAk; jkJ gioa

Gifapujg; ngl;bfis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;. ghtidapypUe;j

mfw;wg;gl;l Gifapujg; ngl;bfis fopT ,Uk;ghf khw;Wtjd; %yk; tUlnkhd;Wf;F

&gh 6>000 kpy;ypad;fis Nrkpf;f KbAk;. NkYk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpia ,jd;

%yk; Nrkpg;gJld; cs;ehl;L Gjpa ifj;njhopy; xd;wpidAk;; cUthf;f KbAk;.

470. rdj;njhif Nghf;fpidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L fsdpg; gs;sj;jhf;F Gifapujg; ghij

etPd kag;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL Ntfk; kw;Wk; Ml;fspd; nfhs;tdT msT

mjpfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 1>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

471. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Gifapuj epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; Ng&e;J epiyaq;fspy;

“Park and Ride” trjpfis Vw;ghL nra;tjd; %yk; ehl;by; thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J rpwe;j

Kiwapy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLtJld; gpuahzpfs; nrsfupakhfTk; Fiwe;j nrytpYk;

gazpg;gjw;fhd trjpfs; nra;ag;gLk;. ,jw;fhf Gifapujg; ghijfs; Nkk;ghL kw;Wk;

[hvy> mtp]hnty;y> ghze;Jiw> fltj;ij kw;Wk; gpypae;jiy Nghd;w

njupTnra;ag;gl;l efuq;fspy; Ng&e;Jg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F

Nghf;Ftuj;J mikr;Rf;F &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. “Park and Ride” vz;zf;fU jhgpf;fg;gl;lJld; efuj;jpw;Fs; tUfpd;w

thfdq;fs; Fiwe;jJ 4 gazpfis nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;fg;gLtJld;

mt;thwy;yhj thfdq;fSf;F fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLk;. ,r;nrad; KiwahdJ 2016

nrg;njk;gH ,Wjpastpy; gad;ghl;Lf;F tUk;.

472. nghUl;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid Gifapujj;jpd; Clhf Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk;

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nrytpid Fiwg;gjw;F ehk; Cf;Ftpg;Gfis toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.

95  

473. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> aho;g;ghzk; Gifapujg; ghij> khNfh kw;Wk; tTdpah

ghijfspd; Ntfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjw;fhf &gh 2>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

474. nkhNdhiuy; - ePu;nfhOk;G> fl;Lehaf;f kw;Wk; nfhOk;G> nfhOk;G kw;Wk; fltj;ij

efuq;fis ,izf;Fk; nkhNdhiuy; fUj;jpl;lq;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;F jdpahu; Jiw

gq;fhsu;fSf;F murhq;fj;Jiw Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ePu; khu;f;fq;fspy; Nghf;Ftuj;J

475. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tpNrlkhf ePu; khu;f;fq;fspd; fpilg;gdTf;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;Fk; tifapy; ,e;j tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nghf;Ftuj;J

eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjw;F jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.

476. Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf;F gy;tifg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; kw;WnkhU eltbf;ifahf Nkyjpf

Vw;ghLfspd; Njitfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf ePh;khh;f;fq;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l mjpNtfg;glF ePh;r;rUf;F tpisahl;Lj; Njh;Tfis toq;Ftjw;F jdpahh;

Jiwapdh; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtth;. mt;thwhd glFfs; nfhOk;G – rpyhgk; kw;Wk;

guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuj;jpy; njhopw;gLj;j KbAk;.

477. ehl;by; ePh;topg;;Nghf;Ftuj;jpid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F &gh 250 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

fg;gw;njhopy;

478. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;fpw;fhd fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J ghijapy;

kpf mz;ikapypUf;fpd;w ehL vd;w tifapy; ,yq;ifapd; ,l mikTf;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fp rKj;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ikankhd;wpid cUthf;FtJ

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

479. cyf ngWkjp njhlupid ehk; tsu;f;f Ntz;baJ Kf;fpak; vd;gJld; rKj;jpu

ikakhdJ ngUkstpyhd tha;g;Gfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;jtifapy; ehl;bw;Fs; fg;gy;

chpikahsu;fspid ftu;tjw;fhd #o;epiyapid cUthf;FtJld; mjd;%yk;

rKj;jpug; nghUshjhunkhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F KbAk;.

480. fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J ikankhd;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F fg;gw; njhopw;Jiw kw;Wk;

nfhs;fyd; my;yhj njhopw;Jiwfs; mjpfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jtifapy; 2025

,y; cyfpy; Kjy; 20 MtJ fg;gw; Nghf;Ftuj;J JiwKfkhf khWtjw;F Njitahd

cghaq;fis cUthf;FtJ mtrpakhFk;.

481. fg;gw; js njhopyhsu;fs; fg;gy; cupikahsu;fspy; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;baJld; nghJ

KjyPl;bd; %yk; ,j;Jiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyPl;bid kPsg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;F ,t; tpahghuj;jpid tsu;r;rp milar; nra;a Ntz;ba Njit

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fg;gy; epjpaspg;G> jpUj;j Ntiy> fg;gy; gjpT> Fjg;gLj;jy;>

kj;jpa];jk; kw;Wk; mjNdhL njhlu;ghd Nritfs; Gjpa rl;lq;fspd; %yk;

epWtfpf;fg;gLtJld; mtw;Wf;fhf murhq;fk; Cf;Ftpg;G toq;Fk;. ,j;njhopw;

Jiwf;fhd Nghl;bj; jd;ik gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

482. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if flw;gilahdJ fly; ghJfhg;G

eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;fhd Mw;wypid nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jtifapy; ,yq;iff;

flw;gilAld; ,ize;j njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F Cf;fkspf;f

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

96  

nghUl;nfhs;tdT

483. ,yq;ifapid njhopy; ikankhd;whf gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Nritfis

tpupthf;Ftjw;F tpidj;jpwd;> %yjdk;> mwpT vd;gtw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F

ru;tNjr fg;gw; ruf;Nfw;wy; fk;gdpfs; kPjhd tiuaiwfis murhq;fk; ePf;FtJld;

mjd;%yk; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; Clhf cs;ehl;Lg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F Gjpa

%yjdk;> tpahghuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;tha;g;G vd;gtw;wpid cUthf;f KbAk;. fg;gw;

ruf;Nfw;wy; ikaj;jpw;fhd chpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fis Fwpg;gpLfpd;w xOq;F

tpjpfs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLtJld; ,g;gpuNjrq;fs; KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;G tyaq;fSf;F

ntspNa mike;jpUf;Fk;

ruf;F nghUs; Vw;wy;

484. ru;tNjr ruf;Nfw;wy; njhopw;JiwahdJ ntspehl;L gq;fspg;Gld; Mff;$baJ 75

rjtPjkhfTk;> Mff;Fiwe;jJ 5 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyuhfTk; KjyPL fhzg;gLk;

tifapy; Rje;jpu kag;gLj;jg;gLk;. MapDk; ,f;fk;gdpfs; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 90 rjtPj

cs;ehl;L Ntiytha;g;gpidf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ruf;Nfw;wy; njhopypid

JiwKfq;fSf;F tpupthf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhoptJld; ,yq;ifj; JiwKf mjpfhu

rigAld; njhopw;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. fg;gw; njhopy; njhlu;ghd eltbf;iffspy;

jpwd;tpUj;jp kw;Wk; gapw;rpapid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F ,j;Jiwapy; gapw;rp kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fSf;F tupr;rYif toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd;.

485. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,e;J rKj;jpu mYty;fs; xj;Jiog;G eltbf;iffis

tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F &gh 50 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

486. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhu rig tsTf;Fs; Eiofpd;w

nfhs;fyd; thfdq;fs; gy;NtW eilKiwfSf;F cl;gLfpd;wd vd;gJ vdJ

ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. thfd efu;T nraw;ghLfis vt;tpjf; fl;Lg;ghbd;wp

jpwe;JtpLtJld; thfdnkhd;Wf;fhd tUlhe;j mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; &gh 100>000

Mf mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ifj;njhopw; Ngl;ilfs;

487. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;by; 27 ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,tw;wpd; trjpfs; juKau;j;jg;glhjJld; ifj;njhopw; rhiyfspd; nraw;ghLfs;

mjpfupf;FksT juKau;j;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> ,e;j njhopw;Ngl;ilfis

juKau;j;jy; kw;Wk; Gduikg;G eltbf;iffspw;F Njitahd eltbf;iffis ehk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;Nshk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf `k;ghe;Njhl;il> iufk;> kfh Xah kw;Wk;

jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp tyaq;fis ehk;

jhgpg;gJld; fz;bapy; jfty; kw;Wk; tptrha njhopy;El;g tyaq;fis

cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,f;ifj;njhopy; Ngl;ilfspy; Gduikg;G

kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;w nraw;gHLfspw;F &gh 500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ePu; toq;fy;

488. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Foha;ePH trjp ehl;by; Vwf;Fiwa 44 rjtPjkhNdhUf;F

khj;jpuk; fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;wJ. 2020 mstpy; Foha;ePu; fpilg;gdtpid 60

rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpg;gJ vkJ nfhs;ifahFk;. murhq;fk; ehLKOtjpYk; &gh 94

97  

gpy;ypad; nrytpy; 29 ghupastpyhd ePu; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lq;fspid Nkw;nfhz;L

tUfpd;wJ. mNjNtis> Ie;J gpujhd fopTePufw;wy; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; ,j;Jiw

njhlu;ghd trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nraw;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

489. ehl;by; milahsq; fhzg;glhj rpWePuf Neha; guk;giy jLg;gjw;fhd

Jhpjg;gLj;jg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf Foha; ePh; tpepNahfg;gl Kbahj

gpuNjrq;fSf;F ePh; Rj;jpfhpg;G ,ae;jpuq;fs; (RO) toq;fg;gLk;.

ghij tiyaikg;G

490. nfsut gpujkh; mth;fs; kj;jpa mjpNtfg;ghij eph;khzj;jpw;fhd mbf;fyiy

,t;tUl Muk;gj;jpy; ehl;bdhh;. ,g;ghijapd; ehd;f gFjpfspdJk; gzpfs; xNu

Neuj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtJld; xU gFjpf;fhd xg;ge;jk; cs;ehl;L xg;ge;jf;fhuh;fSf;F

toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

491. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Wtd;Gu mjpNtfg; ghij tpupthf;fy;> ghze;Jiu

tiuf;Fkhd fiuNahug; ghij tpupthf;fy;> jk;Gs;is> nghyeWit> Ky;iyjPT>

aho;g;ghzk; ,izg;G mjpNtfg; ghij epu;khzk;> ghkd;fil> uj;kyhd ghij

tpupthf;fy;> fsdp Mw;Wf;fhd Gjpa ghy epu;khzk;> 25 ghyq;fs; kPs; fl;likg;G

kw;Wk; 3 Nkk;ghyq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ghij tiyaikg;G tpupthf;fYf;F &gh 15>000

kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

492. epu;khzpj;J njhopw;gLj;jp khw;wy; BOT mbg;gilapy; nfhl;lh ghijapypUe;J fLty

tiuf;Fkhd NkYau;e;j ghijapid epu;khzpg;gjw;F ehk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nshk;. ,jw;fhf

murhq;fg; gq;fspg;ghf &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

493. nfhOk;G Nfhl;ilf;fhd milT topapid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F fsdpg; ghyj;jpypUe;J

nfhOk;G Nfhl;ilf;fhd Gjpa Nfhl;il EisTg; ghij epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. mjw;fhf 2

tUlj;jpw;Fs; &gh 4>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tlfpof;F mjpNtfg; ghijapd; %yk; ehl;bid ,izj;jy;

494. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> nfhOk;G> FUehfy; kw;Wk; fz;b Mfpa epiyaq;fis

,izf;Fk; kj;jpa mjpNtfg; ghij gzpfis murhq;fk; Muk;gpf;f cs;sJ vd;gjid

ePq;fs; ed;fwptPu;fs;. ,e;j mjpNtfg; ghijahdJ murhq;f jdpahu; gq;fspg;gpd; Clhf

jk;Gs;is> nghyeWit> Ky;iyjPT kw;Wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpid ,izf;Fk; tifapy;

NkYk; tpupthf;fg;gLk;.

495. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehl;bd; tsu;r;rpahdJ xUq;fpize;j

eilKiwnahd;wpid Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ. cj;Njr mjpNtfg; ghij neLfpYk;

ifj;njhopw; Ngl;ilfis epu;khzpg;gjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;%yk; mjpNtfg;

ghijfSf;fhd ngWkjp Nru;g;G ,lk;ngWk;. ,e;jtifapy; mjpNtfg; ghijfspy;

kUe;Jg; nghUl; fk;gdpfs; cs;slq;fyhd caphpay; njhopy;El;g Ngl;ilfs;> cw;gj;jp

tbtikg;G nghwpapay; jahupg;G> jfty; njhopy;El;g g+q;fh kw;Wk; tptrha> ePupay;

tsq;fs; g+q;fh vd;gtw;wpid cUthf;Ftjw;F cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

496. mjpNtfg; ghijf;fhd fl;lzk; khj;jpuk; mtw;wpid tu;j;jf uPjpapy; tYthdjhf

khw;wkhl;lhJ. mjw;F gpd;Gynkhd;W toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mjpNtfg; ghijnad;gJ

nfhOk;gpypUe;J fz;bf;Fk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fkhd ghij vd;gjy;y khw;wkhf mjpNtfg;

ghijfs; vd;gd cj;Njr tu;j;jf ikaq;fSld; ,ize;jjhf Nehf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

98  

cz;ikapy;> ,e;j mjpNtfg; ghijfs; njhopy;Kaw;rp kw;Wk; Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd

mjpNtfg; ghijfshf fhzg;gLk;

497. cj;Njrf; fk;gdpfspd; gpujhd %yjdkhf 2016 ,y; &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigf;fhd

cj;juthjq;fis toq;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gLtJld; mjpfhu rigahdJ cs;ehl;by;

my;yJ ntspehl;by; fld; epjp Nrfupg;gpy; <LglKbAk;;.

ePu;g;ghrdf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

498. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> cztpy; jd;dpiwtpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd vkJ

nfhs;ifapy; ePu;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; ePu;ts Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jk; ngWtjid

ehk; ed;F mwpfpNwhk;. ,e;jtifapy;> rpwpastpyhd Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fspd;

Gduikg;G kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf Vw;fdNt xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l &gh 2>000

kpy;ypaDf;F Nkyjpfkhf ahd; Xah ePu;g;ghrdf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid Jupjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

NkYk; &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

kpd;tY kw;Wk; rf;jp

499. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> kpd;rhuj; JiwahdJ nghUshjhuj;jpy; ghupasT

KjyPl;bid Ntz;bepw;fpd;w Jiwahf njhlu;e;Jk; ,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ. vdNt

kpd;Dw;gj;jp eltbf;iffSf;fhd KjyPLfs; vt;tpj tiuaiwfSkpd;wp njhlh;e;Jk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

500. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fshd

fhw;whio kw;Wk; #hpa rf;jp kpd;rhuk; vd;gtw;wpd; mjp$ba Mw;wYf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

toq;Fk; tifapy; mt;thwhd tsq;fis gad;gLj;jp cs;ehl;L Njitfis

g+u;j;jpnra;tJld; Nkyjpfkhdij Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak; tifapy; jdpahu; Jiw

gq;fspg;gpid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapidf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

,jd;%yk; vkJ ehL vz;nza;apy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiyapidf; Fiwg;gjw;F KbAnkd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

501. ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l tpUg;Gf;

fbjq;fs; Vw;fdNt toq;fg;gl;L 2015 brk;gu; 31 Mk; jpfjpad;W xU tUlj;jpw;F Nky;

gad;gLj;jg;glhjpUf;Fkhapd; mit njhopw;ghl;bypUe;J epWj;jg;gLtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

khefu kw;Wk; efu mgptpUj;jp

502. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> efu kw;Wk; efiur; rhu;e;j mgptpUj;jpj;

jpl;lq;fSf;fhd Kiwahd jpl;lkply; fhzg;glhik ,e;ehl;by; kpf Kf;fpakhd

tplakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; nfsut gpujk ke;jpup Nky; khfhzj;jpid

khehfukhf khw;Wfpd;w vz;zf;fUtpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;jtifapy;>

murhq;fk; khehfu mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd tpupthd rl;lthf;fnkhd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;j

cs;sJ. ,e;jtifapy; khehfu fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd gpujhd jpl;lq;fs; 2016 ,y;

g+u;j;jpahFk; tiuapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJld; ngUk;ghyhd juj; jpl;lq;fs; jdpahu;

kw;Wk; murhq;f gq;fspg;G mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. mj;jifa efu; rhu;e;j

mgptpUj;jp> efu jpz;kf;fopT Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf &gh 10>000

kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

99  

efu mgptpUj;jp

503. NkYk;> Rj;jkhd FbePu; fpilg;gdtpid Nkk;gLj;jy;> fopT ePufw;wy; Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

efu mgptpUj;jp vd;gtw;Wf;fhf efu tbtikg;G kw;Wk; ePu; toq;fy; mikr;Rf;F &gh

2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

njw;F mgptpUj;jp

504. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> njd; khfhzj;jpypUe;J nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd gq;fspg;G

Vwf;Fiwa 15 rjtPjk; khj;jpukhFk;. vdpDk; mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Kd;Ndw;wg;gl Ntz;ba

gy tplaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. me;jtifapy; JiwKfk;

kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya xj;Jiog;G Nritfs;> tptrha mbg;gil ifj;njhopy;fs;>

tptrha xj;Jiog;G Nritfs; Nkk;ghL> efu trjp Nkk;ghL> fpuhkpa Jg;guNtw;ghl;L

trjpfs; Nghd;w gpujhd Jiwfs; njhlu;gpy; njw;F mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kaw;rpfs;

ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. vdNt> &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid ,jw;fhf xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tlNky; mgptpUj;jp

505. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; FbePu; fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> ePu;g;ghrd

trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy;> kPd;gpb mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w fUj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F

&gh 2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

GGjK nghyeWit

506. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> GGjK nghyeWitf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ mjpNkjF

rdhjpgjpapd; mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;nghd;whFk;. ,J midj;J JiwfspYk;

Gj;Jzu;r;rpa+l;Lk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. Rj;jkhd ePu;

fpilg;gdtpid tpupthf;Fjy;> Rfhjhu ey trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;> Fsq;fisg;

Gduikj;jy;> ghlrhiy cl;fl;likg;G trjp Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; rpwe;j tpisahl;L

trjpfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tpupthf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

fJUnty> itj;jparhiy efuk;> Gjpa efuk; kw;Wk; nghyeWit Guhjd efuk; Mfpa

gpuNjrq;fis xd;wpizj;J etPd efukhf khw;Wtjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kpd;Ndhpahtpy; cj;Njr rpWePuf itj;jparhiyf;fhf xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;l &gh 2>000

kpy;ypaDf;F Nkyjpfkhf &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tlf;F> fpof;F mgptpUj;jp

507. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspYs;s kf;fspd;

Jauq;fs; njhlu;gpy; vkJ murhq;fk; kpfTk; fupriz nfhz;Ls;sJ. fle;j gy

tUlq;fshf mtu;fs; jkJ mbg;gilj; Njitfis Kd;Ndw;wpj; jUkhW

Nfl;LtUfpd;wdh;. murhq;fk; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fis mgptpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f epjpapid xJf;fPL nra;Js;s mNjNtis> tlf;F kw;Wk;

fpof;fpy; Gduikg;G gzpfSf;fhf ,Ujug;G kw;Wk; gy;jug;G Kftu;fsplkpUe;J

xj;Jiog;gpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf 2016 ,y; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsu;fspd;

khehnlhd;wpid elhj;Jtjw;F ehk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;Nshk;.

100  

508. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngau;e;jtu;fspd; gpur;rpidfis cldbahf jPu;g;gjw;F ehk;

Maj;jkhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. vdNt cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngau;e;jtu;fis kPs;

FbNaw;Wtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis cldbahf ehk; vLg;gJld; Vw;fdNt kPs;

FbNawpa FLk;gq;fSf;F tho;thjhu tha;g;GfisAk; mbg;gilj; NjitfisAk;

toq;Ftjw;Fk; eltbf;if vLj;Js;Nshk;. ,jw;fhf Kiwahd Jg;guNtw;ghl;L trjpfs;>

Rj;jkhd FbePu; kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; vd;gtw;Wld; kd;dhh; kw;Wk; Ky;iyjPT

khtl;lq;fspy; 20>000 tPLfis epu;khzpg;Nghk;. neLe;jPT ,wq;FJiw epu;khzk;>

Ntyiz – Cu;fhtw;Jiw ghij Gduikg;G> rpfpr;ir fopT Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwikapid jhgpj;jy; Nghd;wd ,lk;ngWk;. ,jw;fhf &gh 14>000 kpy;ypaid

xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

509. xl;L Rl;lhdpy; tho;thjhu mgptpUj;jpapid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rptg;Gf; fsp

njhopw;rhiynahd;wpid jdpahh; murhq;f gq;Fgw;WjYld; ];jhgpg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G trjp

510. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> 160>000 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l ngUe;Njhl;l njhopyhsu;

FLk;gq;fs; ,d;Dk; gioa yad; miwfspy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. vkJ murhq;fk;

ngUe;Njhl;l r%fj;jpw;fhf Fiwe;j nrytpy; tPLfis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf tPlikg;G

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLg;gJld; mjw;fhf &gh 1>000 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL

nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

cs;@uhl;rp kd;wq;fis tYg;gLj;jy;

511. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis juKau;j;Jtjw;F cs;@uhl;rp

kd;wq;fspd; gad;ghl;bw;fhf &gh 1>500 kpy;ypaid xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tpN~l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

512. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mz;ikapy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l tpN~l

xg;gilg;Gf;fSf;fhd &gh 150 kpy;ypad;fis ehd; xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.

513. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tpN~lkhf ,t;turhq;fkhdJ Njrpa xUkpj;j xU

murhq;fkhf ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; midtUk; Ml;rpg;

nghwpKiwapy; jPtpukhf <LglNtz;Lk; vd;gNj Nkd;ik jq;fpa [dhjpgjp

mth;fspdJk; kw;Wk; nfsut gpujkh; mth;fspdJk; Nehf;fhFk;. Xt;nthU ghuhSkd;w

cWg;gpdUf;Fk; &gh 15 kpy;ypad;fs; tPjk; gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tuT nryTj;

jpl;lj;jpid mjpfhpg;gjw;F mth;fSk; kpf Mh;tkhf cs;sdh;. vdNt>

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 3>375 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

fiy kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk;

514. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; vkJ vjph;fhy re;jjpapdhpd; eyd; fUjp vkJ

fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; Gujhd ,lq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; vk;ik mh;g;gzpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

mNj Ntis> vkJ murhq;fKk; cs;ehl;Lf; fiyfs; kw;Wk; iftpidg; nghUl;fis

101  

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> mj;jpwikfis rh;tNjr hPjpahf fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; jd;id

mh;g;gzpj;Js;sJ.

515. ghlfh;fs;> ebfh;fs;> Nghd;w vkJ tho;f;iff;F kfpo;r;rpiaAk;> th;zj;ijAk; ms;spj;

jUNthh; tpN~lkhf KJik mile;jjd; gpd;dh; kd mOj;j epiyikfSf;F

cs;shtjid ehDk; czh;e;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. vkJ murhq;fk; mt;thwhd

fiyQh;fSf;fhf jdpahh; gq;fspg;G Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lnkhd;;wpid ];jhgpf;f cs;sNjhL>

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 15 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tpisahl;Lj; Jiw

516. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rh;tNjr tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfspy; vkJ

nrayhw;WifahdJ gbg;gbahf rPuope;J NghAs;sJ. ,d;W> vkJ tpisahl;Lj; Jiw

njhlh;ghd epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;;> fofq;fSf;Fs;;> murpay; xOFtjdhy;

nraw;ghl;bid ,oe;Js;sd. vdNt> vkJ ehl;bd; tpisahl;L mgptpUj;jpf;Fj;

jilahfTs;s ,e;epiyikapid khw;Wtjpy; ehk; vk;ik mh;g;gzpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

517. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ ehL rpwpa xU ehlhf tpsq;fpdhYk; $l> vkf;F

tpisahl;Lf;fspy; kfj;jhd jpwikfisf; nfhz;l Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk;;

,Uf;fpd;wdh;. MapDk;> ,sk; tajpid cila jpwik tha;e;j tpisahl;L

tPuu;fisAk;> tPuhq;fidfisAk; ,dq; fhz;gjw;fhd nghUj;jkhd xU nghwpKiw

,y;yhikahdJ vkJ Jujph;~;lkhFk;. ,t;thwhd; jpwd;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk;>

,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk; xU Kiwikapid mwpKfg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd;

vjph;fhyj;jpy; rh;tNjr tpisahl;Lf;fspy; vkJ Njrpa nfhbia cah;j;jf; $ba

tpisahl;L tPuu;fisAk; tPuhq;fidfisAk; cUthf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ehd;

njhlh;Gila Fwpg;gpl;l gq;Nfw;ghsh;fsplk; xd;wpize;J tUkhWk;> ,k;kfj;jhd

gzpia Nehf;fp jkJ gzpiaj; njhlUkhWk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,k;Kaw;rpapy;>

rfy Njrpa ghij> kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lf; fsq;fs;> kw;Wk; rpy mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l njhpT

nra;ag;gl;l rh;tNjr Nghl;bfspy; fye;J nfhs;Sk; xU rpy Vida gug;Gfspd;

tpisahl;L tPuh;fs;> tPuhq;fidfs;> gapw;Wdh;fSf;fhd nkhj;jr; nrytPdKk;

murhq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;fg;gLk;.

518. gpd; jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fs; gapw;rp cs;slq;fshf gapw;rp trjpfis ];jhgpj;Jf;

nfhLf;FkhW jdpahh; Jiwia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F mur fhzpapidAk;;> rYif

mbg;gilapyhd fld; trjpfisAk; xJf;fPL nra;tjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

519. tpisahl;Lf;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l vkJ mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSld;>

vkJ tpisahl;L tPuh;fs; kw;Wk; tPuhq;fidfisg; gapw;Wtpg;gjw;Fk; rh;tNjr ju

epakq;fSf;F Vw;g jkJ jpwd;fis miltjw;Fk; ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rpfspy;

<LgLtjw;F ntspehl;L murhq;fq;fSld; fye;JiuahLkhW Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

520. vdNt> tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,wf;Fkjp thpfis ePf;Fk; mNj

Ntis> NkNy $wg;gl;l gpNuuizfSf;fhf &gh 1>000 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL

nra;fpd;Nwd;.

ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs;

521. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; vjph;tUk; 2 tUlq;fspy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Ntiy

mjpfhpg;G xd;wpid Nkw;nfhs;stpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mNj Nghy> vkJ jpwd;fsw;w kw;Wk;

miuj; jpwd;fis cila Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F Mff; Fiwe;jJ 300

102  

If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fis Fiwe;j khjhe;j Cjpakhfg; ngWtjw;F vkJ

Copah;fSf;F Nfs;tpAs;s ntspehLfSld; fye;JiuahLkhW ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

522. ,yq;ifapd; njhopyhsh;fSf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd Nfs;tp me;j ehLfspy;

fhzg;gLtij ehd; czh;e;jpUf;Fk; mNj Ntis> jpwd; Fiwe;j kw;Wk; jpwDs;s

njhopyhsh;fs; gw;whf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf mf;Nfs;tpapy; 20 rjtPjj;jpid

khj;jpuk; g+h;j;jp nra;af; $ba epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. vdNt> cs;ehl;bYk;>

ntspehl;bYk; ,t;thwhd rpwe;j rk;gsq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba rpwe;j njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tifapy; jkJ jpwd;fis

juKah;j;Jtjw;fhfj; njhopy;rhh; gapw;rp trjpaspg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW

,isQh;fis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwd;.

523. mNj Ntis> njhopyhsh; xUtUf;;F &gh 15>000 Mf ,yq;if Ntiy tha;g;Gg;

gzpafj;jpdhy; Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; njhopyhsp xUtUf;fhd Kfth; fl;lzj;jpid

mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. rfy Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh;fSk;> ehl;il

tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; mth;fisj; njhlh;G nfhs;s Ntz;ba jfty;fSld;

tq;fpf; fzf;F> fhg;GWjp cs;slf;fk; Mfpadtw;wpidAk; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

524. Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F fhg;GWjp nra;tjw;F toq;Fk; fhg;GWjp Kfth;

epWtdq;fisj; njhpT nra;tjw;F ntspg;gilahd> Nghl;b tpiykDr;

nrad;Kiwnahd;iwAk; Vw;FkhW ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

525. ,e;ehl;bw;F kj;jpa fpof;fpw;Fg; Gyk;ngah;ej njhopyhsh;fspd; gq;fspg;gpw;F khpahij nrYj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;fhd gazj;jpid ifahs;tjw;fhf

gz;lhuehaf;fh rh;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; “th;j;jf hPjpahd Kf;fpakhd Ml;fs;” vd;w khpahijAld;; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;fhd gazj;jpid ifahs;tjw;fhf

mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l ,U Fb mfo;T / Fb tuT fUk gPlq;fis nraw;gLj;JkhW ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

epiyNgwhd tsh;r;rpf;fhd cWjpahdnjhU xOq;F Kiwr; rl;lfk;

526. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> th;j;jfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy; ehk; mh;g;gzpg;Gld;

nraw;gLk; mNj Ntis> epahakw;w th;j;jf eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; juf; Fiwthd

nghUl;fspypUe;Jk;> NritfspypUe;Jk; cs;ehl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpahsh;fisAk;> kw;Wk;

Efh;NthiuAk; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Njitia ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;

vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

527. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l moF rhjdg; nghUl;fs;>

,yq;ifapy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; my;yJ re;ijg;gLj;jg;gLk; moF rhjdg; nghUl;fs;

njhlh;ghf jw;NghJ ehl;by; ve;j xU epWtdKk; xOq;FKiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy.

vdNt> gy;NtW ehLfspypUe;J ,wf;Fkjpnra;ag;gLk; my;yJ ehl;bYs;s Neh;ikaw;w

jahhpg;ghsh;fspdhy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; moF rhjdg; nghUl;fis gad;gLj;Jtjpy; fLk;

gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;Js;sdh;. vdNt> moF rhjdg; nghUl;fisAk;> kw;Wk;

rhjdq;fisAk; xOq;F Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F rl;lthf;fk; xd;iw

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,ilf;fhyj;jpy;> MAh;Ntj moF

rhjdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf rfy moF rhjdg; nghUl;fSf;Fk; Mff; Fiwe;jJ

Mq;fpy nkhopapyhtJ rh;tNjr moF rhjd cs;sPLfspd; fiyr; nrhw;fSf;Nfw;g

103  

(Nomenclature Cosmetics Ingrdients (INCI) gad;gLj;Jk; cs;sPLfspd; tpguj;ij

NkYiwfspy; mr;rpLkhW Efh;Nthh; mYty;fs; mjpfhu rig th;j;jkhzp

mwptpj;jiy ntspapl Ntz;Lk;.

528. ghy; kh> moF rhjd cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs;> Nrhg;G kw;Wk; rhk;G Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; juj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;>

njhopy;El;gg; gjtpazpapdiu mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; ,yq;ifj; jueph;zaf; fl;lisfs;

epWtdk;> ifj;njhopy; njhopy;El;gtpay; epWtdk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fs;

Muha;r;rp Ma;T $lq;fs; gyg;gLj;jg;gLk;. Ma;T $l trjpaspg;Gf;fSf;fhf ehd; &gh

200 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fPL nra;fpd;Nwd;.

529. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> epahakw;w VfNghfq;fs;> Ftpg;Gf;fs;> gpuj;jpNaf

njhlh;Gfs;> tpiy eph;zaq;fs; Nghd;w th;j;jfq;fspd; Nghl;bj; jd;ikfSf;F vjpuhd

elj;ijfSf;fhd re;ijia xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Nghl;b mjpfhu

rignahd;wpid ];jhgpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,yq;ifapd; nraw;iff; Nfhs; tpz;ntsp

530. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,J tiu gad;gLj;jg;glhj vkJ nraw;iff; Nfhs;

tpz;ntspahdJ> ntspg;gilahd nrad;Kiwnahd;wpd; Clhf rh;tNjr hPjpahf

xg;ge;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.

MilfSf;fhd rpwg;G tpw;gid epiyak;

531. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,yq;iff;F chpj;jhd Milf; ifj;njhopyhdJ th;j;jf

,yr;rpidnahd;Wldhd Nfhjh xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; xU rpy fk;gdpfSld;

,yr;rpidAldhd th;j;jfg; gazj;jpid Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. ,t;th;j;jfg; gazj;jpid

Kd;Ndhf;fp vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Nehf;Fld;> ngah; gl;baYldhd xg;gplf; $ba

mstpyhd juj;ijf; nfhz;l ,yq;ifapy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; th;j;jf

,yr;rpidia khj;jpuk; nfhz;l jiyapypUe;J fhy; tiuahd rfy ghpkhzq;fisAk;

cs;slf;fpa Milj; jahhpg;Gf;fis toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpaspg;Gf;fSldhd

jahhpg;ghsh;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd th;j;jfr; rhtbfisf; nfhz;l epue;jukhd fz;fhl;rp

epiyak; xd;wpid nraw;gLj;Jk; Njitnahd;W vOe;Js;sJ.

532. ,e;epiyakhdJ cs;s+h; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;tdthsh;fSf;fhd me;j

,lj;jpNyNa nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd trjpfisAk;> kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lr;

re;ijfSf;fhd cj;juTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xd;W $lf;$ba xU jskhf

tpsq;Fk;. vdNt> mur jdpahh; gq;Nfw;nghd;whf &gh 2>500 kpy;ypad; nrytpy;

gpuj;jpNafkhf cs;ehl;L Mil th;j;jfq;fSf;fhd nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw rpwg;G

tpw;gid epiyankhd;wpid ];jhgpg;gjd; %yk; ,t;th;j;jfg; gazj;jpw;F cjTtjw;F

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,jw;fhf murhq;fk; Fiwe;jJ 400>000 rJu mb jsg;gug;gpidf;

nfhz;l rpwg;G tpw;gid epiyaj;jpid eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd Fj;jif epyj;

Jz;nlhd;wpid toq;Fk;.

,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fSf;F vjpuhd fhg;GWjp

533. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle;j 12 khj fhyg;gFjpapy;> Gay;fspypUe;J

nts;sq;fs;. nts;sq;fspypUe;J epyr; rhpTfs; vd ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fis khj;jpuNk

ehk; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. caph;fspd; ,og;Gf;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fspd; Nrjq;fs;> Nghd;wd

104  

Fwpg;gplf;fjf;f mstpy; fhzg;gl;ld. murhq;fk; mt;thwhd ,og;Gf;fSf;fhd

el;l<lhfTk;> ,k;Kaw;rpfis kPs; fl;likg;gjw;fhd MjuthfTk;> tUlhe;jk; ruhrh

&gh 500 kpy;ypad;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhd njhifia nrytspj;Js;sJ. MapDk;>

,g;nghwpKiwapy;> mt;tdh;j;jq;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;Fr; nrYj;jg;gl

Ntz;ba el;l<Lfs; ,d;Dk; nrYj;jg;glhkYk;> kw;Wk; mt;thwhd el;l<Lfis

toq;Fk; nrad;KiwfspypUe;j jhkjq;fs; Nghd;wdtw;wpw;F toptFj;jd. ,t;thwhd

gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;fhf R+whtspfs;> Gay;fs;> nfhe;jspg;Gf;fs;> nts;sk;>

epyr;rhpTfs;> epyeLf;fk;> Rdhkp> kw;Wk; Vida ,aw;if mopTfs; Nghd;w

,d;Ndhud;d ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fSf;F vjpuhf KO ehl;ilAk; ghJfhg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;tpaw;if mdh;j;jf; fhg;GWjp nkhj;jkhf $baJ &gh 10>000

kpy;ypad;fs; tiuapyhd Nrjq;fis cs;slf;FtNjhL> jdpg;gl;litfs; $baJ &gh

2.5 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> MAs; fhg;GWjpahdJ &gh 1 kpy;ypaidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

tpiyapd; ];jpuj;jd;ikia NgZjy;

534. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 2015 Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; 09 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J

,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;wpy; ,Jtiu toq;fg;glhj kl;lq;fspyhd epthuzq;fis

toq;Ftjd; %yk; tho;f;ifr; nryTr; RikapypUe;J ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpa

mNefkhNdhUf;F epthuzk; mspj;J mth;fSf;F Gjpa xU tho;it mspf;ff;

$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy;> ghy; kh> NfhJik kh> rPdp

cs;slq;fyhf 13 mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd

eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. ngw;Nwhy;> kw;Wk; Brypd; tpiyfs; Kd;dh; xUNghJk;

,y;yhj kl;lj;jpw;Ff; Fiwtile;jNjhL> jPh;itiaf; Fiwj;jjdhy;> xU

FLk;gj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd thfdq;fspd; tpiyfSk; tPo;;r;rpaile;jd.

,e;epthuzq;fis fhuzkhff; nfhz;L neLQ;rhiyfs; thfdq;fspdhy;

epuk;gptspe;jjdhy; rpukq;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;jhYk; $l> ,yq;ifapd; FLk;g

nkhd;wpw;F thfdnkhd;wpid nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf kfj;jhdnjhU tha;g;Gf;

fpilj;jJ. tuyhw;wpy; gjpaf; $ba mur Copah;fspd; rk;gs mjpfhpg;G>

mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l r%h;j;jp nfhLg;gdTfSk; kw;Wk; toq;fg;gl;l Vida epthuzq;fs;

,yq;ifah;fs; iffspy; Goq;ff; $bagzj;jpd; mstpid mjpfhpf;ff; $bajhf

,Ue;jJ.

535. NkYk;> nghWg;Gf; $w Ntz;ba murhq;f nkhd;whf kf;fSf;F thf;Ff; nfhLj;jgb>

njhpTnra;ag;gl;l 11 mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> mNefkhd czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfs;

xt;nthU tUlKk; Vida khjq;fSld; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; etk;gh; - brk;gh;

khjq;fspy; cr;rkl;lnkhd;wpw;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpiy Vw;wj;jho;Tfis

Kfhik nra;tjw;fhf fle;j Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; xOq;fhd epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lnkhd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jhikapdhy; ,d;W re;ijapy; mj;jpahtrpa

czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfs; Jhpj Ntfj;jpy; cah;tile;Js;sJ.

,e;epiyikia Kfhik nra;tjd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;F epahakhd tpiyapy;

czTg; nghUl;fs; toq;fg;gLtNjhL> cs;ehl;L tptrhapfisg; ghJfhf;Fk;

Nehf;Fld; cUisf; fpoq;fpw;F jw;NghJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU fpNyh cUisf;

fpoq;fpw;fhd tpN~l th;j;jfg; gz;lq;fSf;fhd thp 75 /= &ghtpw;Fk; 85

105  

/=tpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd tpiynahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F

vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;. mNj Nghy> xU fpNyh nghpa ntq;fhaj;jpw;F

tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpN~l thpia 25 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg;gjd; %yk;; xU fpNyh

nghpa ntq;fhaj;jpid 85 &ghtpw;Fk;> 95 &ghtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd

tpiynahd;Wf;F Efh;NthUf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• NkYk;> gpujhd Efh;Tg; gz;lnkhd;whd cs;ehl;bNyNa cw;gj;j nra;ag;gLk; 400

fpuhk; ghy; kh gf;fl;nlhd;wpd; tpiy 295 &gh tiu Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> mjd; %yk;

cs;ehl;L ghy; kh cw;gj;j;pahsUf;F Vw;gLk; el;lj;jpid <L nra;tjw;fhf

murhq;fj;jpdhy; 30 &gh khdpankhd;wpid toq;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

mNj Nghy> Foe;ijfspd; Nghrhf;Fj; Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L xU fpNyh

ghy; khit 100 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 425 fpuhk; jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd; jfuk; xd;wpd;

tpiyia 125 &gh tiu Fiwg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd; gpufhuk;>

cs;ehl;L jfujj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd; ifj;njhopiyg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf 425 fpuhk;

jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd; jfunkhd;wpw;F 15 &gh khdpankhd;wpid cs;ehl;L

jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l kPd;; jahhpg;ghsh;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,jd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;F epthuzk; mspg;gNjhL> cs;ehl;L jfuj;jpyilf;fg;gl;l

kPd; ifj;njhopiy tpUj;jp nra;tjdhy; cs;ehl;L kPdth;fspd; kPd; tsq;fSf;F

cah;e;j tpiynahd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kw;WnkhU mj;jpahtrpakhd czTg; nghUshd

nej;jypf; fUthLfis jdpg;gl;lth;j;jfh;fspdhy; nghpa tpiy tPr;nrhd;wpw;Fs;

tpw;gid nra;ahjjdhy; Efh;Nthhpdhy; cah;thd tpiynahd;wpidr; nrYj;j

Ntz;ba epiyik Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. yq;fh rnjhr epWtdj;jpdhy; nej;jypf; fUthL

xUfpNyh 380 &ghtpw;F tpw;gid nra;Ak; NghJ> jdpg;gl;l rpy;yiw tpahghhpfs;

nej;jypf; fUthL xU fpNyhit 800 &gh cah;e;j tpiynahd;Wf;F tpw;gid

nra;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;thW ghhpa mstpyhd ,ilj;jufh;fs; ,yhgj;jpid

mDgtpg;gjd; %yk; Efh;Nthiu f~;lj;Jf;Fs;shf;Ftij jLg;gjw;fhf xU fpNyh

nej;jypf; fUthl;Lf;F 410 &ghthd cr;r rpy;yiw tpiynahd;wpid

eph;zapg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• rhjhuz kf;fspd; kw;WnkhU mbg;gil czTg; nghUl;fspy; xd;whd gUg;Gf;;Fk;

,ilj;jufh;fs; nghpaxU ,yhgj;jpid itj;jpUg;gjdhy; Efh;Nthh; cah;thd

tpiynahd;wpid nrYj;j Ntz;bNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ xU fpNyh gUg;gpd;

,wf;Fkjpr; nryT 130 &gh kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lhYk; jpwe;j re;ijapy; xU fpNyh

gUg;G 220 &gh mstpyhd cah;e;j tpiynahd;Wf;F tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

mjd; gb> Efh;NthUf;F epahakhd tpiynahd;Wf;F gUg;ig ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;gjw;fhf xU fpNyh gUg;ig 169 &ghthf cr;r rpy;yiw tpiynahd;iw

eph;zapg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjw;fhf gUg;G kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

tpN~l th;j;jfg; gz;lq;fSf;fhd thpia rk;g+uzkhf ePf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd;

eltbf;ifnaLg;Ngd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fUthL tiffspy; mjpf mstpyhd Nfs;tpnahd;W

fhzg;gLk; xU fpNyh fl;lf; fUthL 1>100 &gh cr;r rpy;yiw tpiynahd;Wf;Fk;>

xU fpNyh rhyf;; fUthL 425 &gh cr;r rpy;yiw tpiynahd;Wf;Fk;

eph;zapg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mjd; %yk; cs;ehl;L fUthl;Lj;

106  

jahhpg;ghsh;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Efh;NthUf;F rYif mbg;gilapyhd

tpiynahd;Wf;F fUthl;bid toq;Ftjw;Fk; vjph;ghh;f;fpd;Nwd;.

• jw;NghJ rpwe;j re;ijapy; xU fpNyh fliyapd; rpy;yiwtpiy 220 &ghthf

cah;thd xU tpiy kl;lj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> mjd; ,wf;Fkjpr; nryT 160

&ghthf Fiwthd kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; gb> Efh;NthUf;F

epthuzj;jpid mspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; xU fpNyh fliyia 169 &gh cr;r rpy;yiw

tpiynahd;wpid eph;zapg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> 12.5 fpNyh fpuhk; tPl;L vhpthA rpypz;lnuhd;wpd; tpiyia

cld; mKy;gLj;Jk; tifapy; 150 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;F Kd;nkhoptnjhL> twpa

kf;fSf;F epthuzk; mspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; xUyPl;lh; kz;nzz;nza;apd; tpiyia

10 &ghtpdhYk; Fiwg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,t;thW twpa kf;fSf;F

epthuzk; mspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; Fiwf;fg;gl;l Vida vz;nza; tiffSld;

fye;J tpw;Fk; Kiwaw;w fijfis jLg;gjw;F mtrpakhd rl;lhPjpahd

nraw;ghLfis vLg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ,jw;fhf murhq;fj;jpw;F &gh 3>000

kpy;ypad;fis nryT nra;a Ntz;bNaw;gLtNjhL> mjw;Fj; Njitahd

xJf;fPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy

murhq;fj;jpdhy;> ,t;thW thpiaf; Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk; cah;e;j rpy;yiw

tpiynahd;wpid tpjpg;gjd; %yk; Efh;NthUf;F toq;f vjph;ghh;f;Fk;

epthuzj;jpid mth;fSf;F mNj khjphp ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Efh;Nthh; mYty;fs; njhlh;ghd jkJ flikfisAk;

tpidj; jpwdhd KiwapYk;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwDs;s tifapYk; epiw xU fpNyh

fl;lf; fUthL 1>100 &gh cr;r rpy;yiw tpiyf;F khw;w Ntz;bAs;sjhfTk;

,r;rigapy; ehd; cq;fSf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

536. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehd; vz;Zfpd;Nwd; ePq;fs; vd;Dld; ,zq;Ftjw;Ff;

fhuzk; ,wf;FkjpczTg; nghUl;fspd; tpiy mjpfhpg;gjw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ

nfhs;if hPjpaw;w ,ilj;jufh;fSk; kw;Wk; epuk;gy; rq;fpypapy; Nkhrkhd Nghf;FkhFk;.

,e;epiyikapid jPh;g;gjw;fhf rnjhr nkhj;j tpw;gid gphptpd; Clhf jdpahh;

epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; th;j;jfq;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpahsuhf eltbf;if vLf;fNtz;Lnkd

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mj;jpahtrpakhd czTg; nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tJ

khj;jpuky;yhky; ehl;bw;F mtrpakhd njhifiaf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;JtJk; rnjhr

epWtdj;jpd; nghWg;ghf cs;sJ. rnjhr epWtdj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fsQ;rpaf;

fl;llj; njhFjpapy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jpAs;s ,Ug;ig ,yhgkhd Kiwapy; jdpahh;

th;j;jfh;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;F eltbf;I vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfis

mj;jpahtrpakhd nghUl;fspd; tpiyfis 20 rjtPj;jpdhy; Fiwg;gjw;F gq;fspg;Gr;

nrYj;jyhk; vd ehd;; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.

fUj;jpl;l fz;fhzpg;G

537. ehl;bd; nfhs;if cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; nfhs;if Ma;Tfs; Kiwikapid

Nkk;gLj;JtjD}lhf mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;iffis tbtikj;jy; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gr;

nra;tjw;fhf> Njrpa nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu mYty;fs; mikr;Rf;F &gh

200 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F tpUk;GfpNwd;.

107  

538. mur jdpahh; gq;Nfw;Gfshf Nkw;nfhs;sg;glTs;s rfy th;j;jf eltbf;iffSk;

Njrpa nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu mYty;fs; mikr;rpdhy; xUq;fpizf;fg;gLk;.

nfhLg;gdTfs;

539. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> vkJ murhq;fj;jpd; thf;FWjpnahd;whd> mur Jiw

Copah;fSf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $ba khjhe;jf; nfhLg;gdthd &gh 10>000 Xa;T+jpaf;

nfhLg;gdTf; fzpg;gPl;bd; NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,e;jf; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;

Kd;G toq;fg;gl;l ,uz;L ,ilf;fhyf; nfhLg;gdTfSk; Xa;TngWk;NghJ Xa;T+jpaf;

nfhLg;gdTf;Ff; fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Coy;fs; mw;w ehL

540. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs vq;fSf;F Gjpa ,yQ;r Coy;fs; Mizf;FO

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yQ;rk;> Coy;fs; Kiwg;ghLfis tprhhpg;gjw;fhd Mizf;FOtpd;

nraw;ghLfs; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLtJ vkJ epUthfj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;. ,jd;%yk;

ehl;bypUe;J Coy;fis Kw;whf mopj;njhopg;gjw;F cWjpahd mh;g;gzpg;ig

toq;fpAs;sJ. MfNt> ehd; ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 500 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ghuhSkd;w mYty;fs;

541. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs vkJ epUthfk; tpNrlkhf Nkw;ghh;itf; FOf;fis

cWjpg;gLj;jp ghuhSkd;w Kiwikapid rf;jp ngwr; nra;tjw;F KOikahf

mh;g;gzpj;Js;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 250 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

542. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fspd; Mw;wy;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf N[.Mh;. [ath;j;jd

epiyaj;jpw;F &gh 50 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

thpf;nfhs;if kw;Wk; tup epUthfk;

543. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> vkJ fd;dp tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd

tplaq;fis ,jd;gpd;du; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. vdJ tuT nryTj;jpl;l ciuapy;

ehd; ,Jtiu Kd;itj;j Kd;nkhopTfspy; epjpj;Jiwf;F Njitahd tUkhdj;jpid

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd cghaKiw mJthFk;. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ePq;fs;

mwpe;jJ Nghd;W> vkJ tup jpwikahdJ fhyhtjpahdJld; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s

KbahjsT rpf;fy;fs; epiwe;jJkhFk;. NkYk; mJ KjyPL kw;Wk; tpahghu

mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;wjhFk;. ,it Njitahd tUkhdj;jpid

cUthf;Ftjw;Nfh kf;fspd; Nrkpg;gpid J}z;LtjhfNth ,y;iy. gy;NtW tupf;

fl;likg;GfSld; $ba msTf;fjpfkhd tupf; Ftpg;ghdJ tup KiwikapidAk; tup

epu;thfj;jpidAk; NkYk; rpf;fyhf;fpAs;sJ. tup nrYj;Jdu;fspd; jd;dhu;t

,zf;fg;ghL ,jd;%yk; Mu;tkpof;fr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. fle;j tUlq;fspy; murhq;f

tUkhdj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp 1990 fspd; Muk;gj;jpy; nk.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 20 rjtPjkhf

,Ue;jJld; 2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 11.3 rjtPjkhf Jupj fjpapy;

Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,e;j tpfpjj;jpid mjpfupg;gjw;fhd mtruj; Njitg;ghlhdJ

murhq;fj;jpdhy; njspthf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJld; 2018 Mk; Mz;lstpy;

tUkhdj;jpid nkh.c. cw;gj;jpapy; 17 rjtPjkhf mjpfupg;gJ vd;gjid ehk;

108  

,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. ,e;jtifapy;> ,e;j murhq;fk; tup Kiwikapy;

KOikahdnjhU kWrPuikg;G mtrpankd;gjid czu;e;Js;sJ.

thp Kiwikapid ,yFgLj;jy;

544. jw;nghOJ tup Kiwikapid rpf;fyhf;fpAs;s gy;NtWgl;l 35 tifahd tupfs;

kw;Wk; mwtPLfspd; %yk; tup tUkhdk; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l

tUkhdj;jpid Nrfupg;gjw;F Kbahj rpy tupfspid xd;whf ,izj;J ehl;bd; tup

tUkhdj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; jw;nghOJ

eilKiwapYs;s vt;tpj njhlu;Gkw;w kf;fSf;F njhy;iyapidf; nfhLf;Fk; rpy

tupfis ,y;yhjhf;fp tup nrYj;Jdu;fSf;Fk; mNjNghd;W tpahghu r%fj;jpw;Fk;

ed;ikapid toq;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,e;jtifapy; tup Kiwikapid

,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhf gpd;tUk; tupfis ePf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

• gq;F nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; mwtPL

• epu;khz ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjpa mwtPL

• nrhFR kw;Wk; miur;nrhFR Nkhl;lhu; thfd tup

• Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mwtPL

tUkhd thp

epWtd tUkhd thp

545. gy;NtW %yq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW JiwfSf;fhd tpyf;fspg;Gfspid mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l epWtd %yq;fs; khw;wy; tpiyaplYf;fhd gpur;rpidahff; fhzg;gLtJld;

kaf;f epiy fhzg;gLtjdhy; nghUs;NfhlYf;fhd tup jpl;lkply; kw;Wk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; epWtd tUkhd tup tpfpjf;

fl;likg;gpid 30 rjtPj cau;e;j kl;lkhfTk; 15 rjtPj juhju kl;lkhfTk; ,uz;L

tpfpj msTfisf; nfhz;ljhf kPs; fl;likg;Gr; nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;lk;> kJghdk;> Gifapiy kw;Wk; tq;fpj;njhopy;> fhg;GWjp kw;Wk;

Fj;jif ifj;njhopy;> tpahghur; nraw;ghLfs; cs;slq;fyhf epjpr; Nritfs; %yk;

fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; kw;Wk; ,yhgj;jpw;F cau; thp tpfpjk; Vw;GilajhFk;. Vida

Jiwfs; rhjhuz ju tpfpjkhd 15 rjtPjj;jpw;F cl;gLk;. vt;tpj nfhs;ifAkpd;wp

toq;fg;gl;l epWtd> ehdhtpj kw;Wk; Vida tpyf;fspg;Gfs; Nghd;w ePz;lfhy

tupr;rYiffs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L jpUj;jg;gLk;.

546. gq;Flikahsu;fs; mtu;fsJ KjyPl;Lf;fhd epahakhd gq;fpyhgq;fis ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F gl;bayplg;gl;l fk;gdpfspdhy; gfpug;gLk;

Mff;Fiwe;j gq;fpyhgk; gfpu KbAkhd ,yhgj;jpy; 15 rjtPjkhf mjpfupf;fg;gLk;.

Gifapiy> kJghdk; kw;Wk; frpNdh kPjhd kpiftup

547. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> epWtd tup jpUj;jq;fspd; %yk; Gifapiy> ypf;fh;

kw;Wk; frpNdh ifj;njhopy;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; vy;iyaw;w gaidj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fk;

Gifapiy> kJghdk; kw;Wk; #jhl;lk;> ge;ja eltbf;iffspypUe;J r%fj;ijg;

ghJfhf;Fk; murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iff;fikthfTk; ,j;Jiwf;fhd tUkhd tupapid 25

rjtPj kpif tupahf tpjpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

109  

MSf;Fupa tUkhd tup

548. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tUlhe;jk; &gh 750>000 ,w;F mjpf tUkhdj;jpidg;

ngWk; Copau;fs; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd tupnahd;whf ciof;Fk; nghOJ nrYj;Jk;

tupapid nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sdu;. Mff;$ba tup tpfpjk; 16 rjtPjkhFk;.

c.ngh.nr. tupapid NkYk; ,yFgLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jld; rpwe;j ,zf;fg;ghl;bid

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; midj;J Copau;fSf;Fk; rkkhd me;j];J toq;Fk;

tifapYk; c.ngh.nr. tupf;F Vw;Gilajhd rl;lj;jpid jpUj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. Copau;fSf;F rYiffis toq;Ftjw;F tup tpLtpg;G tUlhe;j

kl;lj;jpid &gh 2.4 kpy;ypadhf mjpfupg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,k;kl;lj;jpw;F mjpfkhd c.ngh.nr thp 15 rjtPj xU rPuhdjhf mwtplg;gLtJld;

thp tpjpf;fg;glf;$ba tUkhdk; vt;tpj tpyf;fspg;GfSkpd;wp midj;J

rk;ghj;jpaq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpapUf;Fk;. ,e;j tuptpfpj KiwahdJ jw;nghOJ 24

rjtPjkhd Kd;Ndw;wfukhd tpfpjkhf fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; jdpahs; tUkhdk;

ciog;gtu;fSf;F ,aYkhd tifapy; Vw;;Gilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; ,uz;lhk;

epiy Copaj;jpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; tUkhdj;jpw;F vt;tpj tpyf;fspg;Gkpd;wp mNj

tpfpjj;jpy; tup mwtplg;gLk;. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> rpwe;j ehza kw;Wk;

murpiwf; nfhs;iffis gpuNahfpg;gjd; %yk; ,t;tUlj;jpd; NghJ Fiwe;j tl;b

tpfpjj;ij murhq;fj;jpdhy; NgZtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;. rpwe;j ngWNgWfis

juf;$ba tpahghuq;fspy; KjypLtjw;fhd Fiwe;j tl;b tpfpjj;jpy; fld;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F kf;fSf;F ,J ngUksT cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy; tl;b

tUkhdj;jpid vjpu;ghu;j;J ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapy; gzj;jpid itg;G

nra;jtu;fspd; tl;b tUkhdk; Fiwtile;jjdhy; mtu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. vdNt>

2016 rdtup 1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J gz itg;Gfs; kPjhd 2.5 rjtPj epWj;jpitj;jy;

tupapid ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

nghUshjhu Nritf; fl;lzk;

549. murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

mwtPlhf nghUshjhu Nritf; fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;nghOJ ngh.Nr.

fl;lzk; el;lj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; my;yJ tpyf;fspf;fg;gl;l tpaghuq;fSf;F khj;jpuk;

tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tup Nrfupg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; ngh.Nr. fl;lz

tpjpg;gdit epahag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,yhgkPl;Lfpd;w tpahghuq;fs; ,jpy; Nru;j;Jf;

nfhs;sg;gLk;. mNjNtis> Mz;nlhd;Wf;fhd &gh 120 kpy;ypad; Mff; Fiwe;j tup

tpjpg;gdT kl;lk; ePf;fg;gLk;. tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp tpjpg;ghdJ 0.5 tpfpjkhf mikAk;.

NkYk;> Kd;nfhz;Ltug;gl;l kPjpfSf;fhd fhyk; 3 tUlq;fshf tiuaWf;fg;gLk;.

ngWkjp Nru; tup

550. ,yq;ifapy; fle;j tUlq;fspy; mt;tg;NghJ vLf;fg;gl;l vOe;jkhd nfhs;iffs;

gpd;gw;wg;gl;ljdhy; ngWkjp Nru; tup tUkhdk; kpfTk; Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,wf;FkjpfSf;F Fiw ngWkjp tpiyapLjy;> ngWkjp Nru;g;gpy; ifahly;fs; kw;Wk;

ePz;l tpyf;fspg;G gl;bay; vd;gtw;wpdhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;ljid tpl Fiwe;j

tUkhdk; ngwg;gl;lJ. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tUkhdj;jpid mjpfupf;Fk;

Nehf;fj;Jld; rpy tpyf;fspg;Gfis ePf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. jw;nghOJ

fhzg;gLk; xw;iw tup tpfpjk; 3 kl;lq;fspy; 0 rjtPjkhfTk;> epiyahd tpfpjk; 8

110  

rjtPjkhfTk; Nritfs; Jiw 12.5 rjtPjkhfTk; ngWkjp Nru; tupf;fhd

Mff;Fiwe;j kl;lk; tUlnkhd;Wf;F &gh 12 kpy;ypadhf ,Uf;Fk;. nkhj;j kw;Wk;

rpy;yiw tpahghuk; ngWkjp Nru; tupapypUe;J ePf;fg;gLk;.

Njrf; fl;Lkhd tup

551. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ngWkjp Nru; tupf;Nfw;g Njrf; fl;Lkhd tup

kl;lj;jpid Fiwg;gjw;Fk; tup tpjpg;G tpfpj;jpid 4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupg;gjw;Fk;

rpy tpyf;fspg;Gfis ePf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. tpfpj mjpfupg;gpd; %yk;

ngwg;gLk; tUkhdk; jpul;L epjpaj;jpw;F khw;wg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;lk;

552. fle;j tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l frpNdh mDkjpf; fl;lzk;

ePf;fg;gLtJld; #jhl;l tpahghuj;jpw;fhf tpjpf;fg;gl;l tUlhe;j mwtPL U[pNdh

tpahghuk; jtpu;e;j Vidatw;Wf;F 400 kpy;ypadhf mjpfupf;fg;gLk;.

553. ,ilf;fhy tut nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; mwpkfg;gLj;jg;gl;l nfrpNdh ifj;njhopy;

mwtPl;Lf; nfhLg;gdit nrYj;jj; jtWk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; gzpg;ghsh;fSk;>

gq;Flikahsh;fSk; mjw;fhd nghWg;ig Vw;Fk;; tifapy; epjpr;rl;lj;jpidj;

jpUj;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tup Cf;Ftpg;G

554. gy;NtW epWtdq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l vOe;jkhdJk; cw;gj;jp jpwdw;w tupr;

rYiffis mit> njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;fpilapy; Nghl;bj; jd;ikaw;w

epiynahd;wpid cUthf;fpAs;sJ vd;wtifapy; mtw;iw ePf;fptpLtjw;F

murhq;fk; Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ. murhq;fj;jpd; nghJthd murpiwf; nfhs;iff;F

nghUj;jkw;wjhd tupr; #onyhd;wpid ,J cUthf;fpAs;sJ. vdNt> VNjDk;

KjyPl;Lf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l rYiffs; epjp mikr;rpd; fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk;

Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; mikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gLk;

xOq;Ftpjpfspdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;.

Nkhl;lhu; thfd tupfSf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

555. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ehl;by; ,d;W 6 kpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l thfdq;fs;

NritapYs;sjhf mwpf;iffs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; tPjp tpgj;JfSk;

mjpfupf;fpd;wd. vdNt ehk; gazpfspd; ghJfhg;gpid ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; thfdq;fs; gw;wpa Rw;whly; fuprizapidAk; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

thfdq;fSf;fhd cw;gj;jp tup kPjhd myF tpfpjk;

556. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> tup Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fSf;fhd

ngWkjp kjpg;gPLfis Fiwj;Jf; fhl;Ltjd; %yk; tup Nkhrb nra;ag;gLtjhf

mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sjd;; fhuzkhf> KO trjpfSld; $ba jahupg;Gf;fhd

tpiyfis tup mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mz;ikapy; Gjpa kjpg;gPl;L Kiwnahd;W

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Kiwahf tup nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; tUkhd Nrfupg;Gr;

nrad;Kiwapid NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F fd nrd;wp kPw;wupid mbg;gilahff;

111  

nfhz;L cw;gj;jp jPu;itapd; tpfpjj;jpid ,yFthd mynfhd;whf

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Rw;whly; el;G thfdq;fSf;fhd thp Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;

557. ehl;by; J}a;ikahd Rw;whly; xd;wpid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F murhq;fk; eltbf;iffis

vLj;J tUfpd;wJ. #hpa rf;jp> i`w;wId; my;yJ `Pypak; %yk; KOikahf

njhopw;gLk; thfdq;fSf;fhd cw;gj;jpj; jPh;itapid 2.5 rjtPjj;jpdhy;

Fiwg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Nkhl;lhh; thfd chpj;Jr; rhd;wpjo;

558. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> ,t;tUlk; rdthp 29 Me; jpfjp rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l

,ilf;fhy tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lthW tpahghu Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf

Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; ,wf;Fkjpahsh;fSf;fhd Nkhl;lhh; thfd

,wf;Fkjpg; gjpT mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. vt;thwhapDk; ,J xU rPuhd thp vd;gjdhy; ngUkstpyhd

thfdq;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpapd; NghJ kpf mjpfsthd ed;ikapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. Fwpj;j chpj;Jf; fl;lzk; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; xt;nthU thfdj;jpw;Fk;

thfd chpj;Jr; rhd;wpjo; xd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd thfd ,wf;Fkjp

fl;lzk; xd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,r; rhd;wpjohdJ

cs; ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLtJld; thfdk; xd;wpid

,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F fld; fbjk; xd;wpid jpwg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. Nkhl;lhh;

irf;fps; kw;Wk; Kr;rf;fu tz;bfSf;F &gh 2>000> Nkhl;;lhh; fhh;fSf;F &gh 15>000

Vida midj;J thfdq;fSf;Fk; &gh 10>000 Mf thfd chpj;J rhd;wpjo;

fl;lzj;jpid mwtpLtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tUkhd chpkk; kw;Wk; Gifg; ghpNrhjid

559. khfhz rigfspd; tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ghijg; guhkhpg;Gr;

nryT kw;Wk; Rw;whly; nryT vd;gtw;Wf;F mikthf fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; tUkhd

chpkf; fl;lzk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fikthf 100 Kjy; 200

rjtPjj;jpw;F ,ilapyhd Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fSf;fhd tUkhd chpkf; fl;lzj;jpid

mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. Gifg; ghpNrhjid rhd;wpjOf;fhd fl;lzk;

&gh 5>000 ,dhy; mjpfhpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. thfd Gifr; rhd;wpjo;fis

toq;FtJ mjpfkhd Nrit toq;Feh;fs; cs;tUk; tifapy; Nghl;bj; jd;ikf;fhf

jpwe;J tplg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

gjpT nra;ag;glhj thfdq;fisg; gjpT nra;jy;

560. cs; ehl;by; nghUj;jg;gLk; rpy thfdq;fs; gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhd Nkhl;lhh;

thfdj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy vd;gJ vkJ ftdj;jpw;F

nfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;jifa thfdq;fis th;j;jf thfdq;fshapd; &gh

750>000 kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhh; fhh;fSf;F &gh 1 kpy;ypad; nrYj;jp 2016 khh;r; 31 Me;

jpfjpastpy; jkJ thfdq;fis gjpT nra;J nfhs;SkhW thfd

chpikahsh;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

112  

561. ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapid rk;ghjpg;gjw;Fk; ehl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l

thfdq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; mj;jifa thfdq;fis kPs; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;ljd;

gpd;dh;; Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghd;W> ,jd; %yk;

Nkhl;lhh; thfdj; jpUj;jk; njhlh;ghd Gjpa njhopy; tha;g;Gfis

cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,j; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; xt;nthU

Vw;WkjpahshpdhYk; Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLk; xt;nthU 20 thfdq;fSf;Fk; 50 rjtPj

thp tpjpg;gdtpid xt;nthU Nkhl;lhh; fhh; ,wf;Fkjpapd; NghJk; toq;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. gad;gLj;jg;gl;l fhh;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fis

fz;lwpAkhWk; mtw;wpid kPsg;GJg;gpj;jypd; gpd;dh; Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;Fk; Vw;Wkjp

nra;tjw;Fk; jdpahh; Jiwaplk; ehd; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fpd;Nwd;.

562. Vy tpw;gid nra;ag;gl KbAkhd tpNrl thfd ,yf;fj; jfLfis

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

rYif mbg;gil mDkjpg;gj;jpuj; jpl;lk;.

563. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> rYif mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gLk; thfd mDkjpg;

gj;jpuq;fs; murpay; kag;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; gpioahfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J

tUlk; xd;Wf;F 80 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfkhd tUkhd ,og;gpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; cs;slq;fshf gy;NtW jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;l

thfd mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs; midj;ijAk; ,y;yhjhf;Ftjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

NkYk; ,j;jpl;lk; 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpf;F gpd;dh; murhq;f Nritapy; Nrh;j;Jf;

nfhs;sg;gLgth;fSf;F Vw;Gilajhf khl;lhJ. murhq;fj;Jf;fhf nfhs;tdT

nra;ag;gLk; midj;J thfdq;fSk; thp tpjpg;gdTfSf;Fl;gLtJld; mjw;fhd

xJf;fPLfs; tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk;.

fld; ml;ilfSf;fhd Kj;jpiuj; jPh;itapidf; Fiwj;jy;

564. fld; ml;ilapidg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nfhs;tdTf;fhf jw;nghOJ 1.5

rjtPj Kj;jpiuj; jPh;it mwtplg;gLfpwJ. cs;ehl;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

nfhs;tdTf;fhd fld; ml;ilfs; kPjhd Kj;jpiuj; jPh;itapid ePf;Ftjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhoptJld; ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;tdTf;fhd Kj;jpiuj; jPh;it 2.5 rjtPjkhf

mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

khspif thp

565. ,ilf;fhy tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l khspif thp njhlh;ghd

Vw;ghLfs; $l;lhjdq;fs; ePq;fshf njhlh;e;Jk; mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;.

Rq;fj;jPh;itf; fl;likg;gpidf; Fiwj;jy;

566. jw;nghOJ Rq;fj;jPh;itahf 4 mwtPl;L kl;lq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit; 0

rjtPjk;> 7.5 rjtPjk;> 15 rjtPjk;> 25 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; epiyahd cah; tpfpjk;

vd;gdNt mitahFk;. Vwf;Fiwa 7>000 ,iaG Kiwf; FwpaPLfspy; 50 rjtPjkhd

nghUl;fs; 0 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; 2 rjtPjk; khj;jpuk; 7.5

rjtPjkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. thpf;fl;;likg;gpid NkYk; ,yFgLj;Jtjw;F 7.5

rjtPj kl;lj;jpid ePf;Ftjw;Fk; 25 rjtPj kl;lj;jpid 30 rjtPjkhf

mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. me;j tifapy; ,yq;if 0 rjtPjk;> 15

113  

rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 30 rjtPjk; Mfpa 3 Rq;fj;jPh;it fl;likg;gpid khj;jpuk;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

JiwKfk; kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mwtPL

567. eph;khzk;> ghw;gz;iz kw;Wk; tptrhaf; ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; jtpu Vidatw;Wf;fhd JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd

epiya mwtPl;bid 5 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 7.5 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

kJghdk; kPjhd thpfs;

568. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> kJghd thpapypUe;J ngwg;gl;l tUkhdk; 2015 &gh

100 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. rl;l hPjpaw;w kw;Wk; fs;sr; rhuhaq;fspd; %yKk;

cw;gj;jp tUkhdj;jpid mstpLtjpy; fhzg;gLk; jtWfs; fhuzkhfTk; ,t;thwhd

njhifnahd;W murhq;fj;Jf;F fpilf;fhky; NghdJ. cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l

kJghdj;jpw;F Vw;Gilajhd mNj eilKiwapid ntspehl;by; ,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp

nra;ag;gl;l kJghdj;jpw;Fk; gpuNahfpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,g;Nghf;fpid

XusTf;F ntw;wp nfhs;s 2005 ,y; vk;khs; KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ. mj;jifa rl;l

hPjpaw;w kJghd ghtidapid vk;khy; Fiwf;f KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ vd;w tifapy;

NkYk; &gh 100 gpy;ypaidr; Nrfhpg;gJ njhlh;gpy; ftdk; nrYj;j KbAk;. ,e;

Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tpNrl ];hpf;fh;

569. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> thp nrYj;jg;gl;l xt;nthU kJghd Nghj;jYf;Fk;

tpNrl ];hpf;fh;fs; xl;Ltjd; %yk; mj;jhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. thp nrYj;jg;gl;l

kJghd Nghj;jy;fis ,zq;fhd;gjw;F kJthp mYtyh;fSf;F ,J cjtpahf

,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j ];hpf;fh; jahhpg;ghsh;fs; murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;tdT eltbf;iffis

gpd;gw;Wtjd; Clhf rh;tNjr Nfs;tpg;gj;jpuk; NfhUtjd; %yk; njhpT nra;ag;gLth;.

,e;j ntspg;gilahd eltbf;;ifapid mKy;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; xOq;F

tpjpfSf;Fl;glhj rl;l hPjpaw;w kJghdq;fs; Efh;NthUf;F nry;tjid jLf;f

KbAk;.

kJghd jahhpg;G chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid mjpfhpj;jy;

570. tbrhiy xd;Wf;fhd tUlhe;j jahhpg;G chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid &gh 150

kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk;

Nghj;jy; xd;Wf;fhd chpikf; fl;lz KiwahdJ rpf;fyhff; fhzg;gLtjdhy;

kJghdj; jahhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhd tUlhe;j chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid &gh 150

kpy;ypad; vd;w xw;iw fl;lz Kiwnahd;wpid tpjpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd;. kJghdj;jpw;fhd cw;gj;jpj; jPh;it ,d;W ey;yputpypUe;J

jpUj;jg;gLk;.

chpkk; toq;fy; jpl;lj;jpid ,yFgLj;jy;

571. jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; rpf;fyhd chpkk; toq;Fk; jpl;lk; ,yFgLj;jg;gLtJld; rpy

NghJ tpw;gidf;F Vw;Gilajhd tiuaiwfs; ePf;fg;gLk;.

114  

nrYj;jNtz;ba Mff; Fiwe;j kJthp

572. tbrhiyfs; kw;Wk; kJghdj; jahhpg;ghsh;fsplkpUe;J khjk; xd;Wf;F Mff;

Fiwe;jJ &gh 200 kpy;ypaid kJthpahf Nrfhpg;gjw;F Njitahd Vw;ghLfis

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpahf kJthpf; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

kJghdk; kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPh;itapid mjpfhpj;jy;

573. ,t;tUlj;jpd; nrg;njk;gh; khjj;jpy; kJghdj;jpw;fhd tpiy Nghj;jy; xd;W &gh 40 - 60 ,dhy; mjpfhpj;jJ. mj;jifa mjpfhpg;gpid xj;jjhf ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l

ntspehl;L kJghdq;fs; kPjhd thpAk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tifapy;

cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l kJghdj;jpd; tpiy mjpfhpg;Gf;Nfw;g ntspehl;L

kJghdq;fs; kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l <ijapy; kJghdk; midj;jpw;Fkhd

thpfis mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l ntspehl;L kJghd chpkk;

574. jw;nghOJ cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l kJghdk; 10 njhif yPw;wh;fs; khj;jpuk;

vLj;Jr;nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s mNjNtis> ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l

kJghdq;fis vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F vt;tpj tiuaiwAk; mKy;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

vdNt ,t;tplaj;jpy; cs;ehl;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l kJghdj;jpw;F Vw;Gilajhd mNj

eilKiwapid ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l kJghdj;jpw;Fk; gpuNahfpg;gjw;Fk; ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

gPb ,iyfs; kPjhd Rq;fj;jPh;it

575. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> 1990 fspd; Muk;gj;jpy; tUlhe;j cs;ehl;L rpful;

Efh;T 5>500 kpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. vt;thwhapDk; fhyj;jpw;F

fhyk; rpful; tpiy mjpfhpj;jJld; Rfhjhuj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; Mgj;Jj; njhlh;ghd

tpopg;Gzh;T nghJ kf;fsplj;jpy; mjpfhpg;gjdhYk; jw;nghOJ tUlhe;j rpful;

ghtid 3>000 kpy;ypadhf tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. ,jw;F khw;wkhf gPb ,iyfspd;

,wf;Fkjp gPb cw;gj;jpapy; tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. rpful; tpiyfs;

xt;nthU tUlKk; mjpfhpj;j NghjpYk;> gPb tpiy mjpfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Gifapiyg; ghtidapid Cf;fk; Fd;wr;nra;Ak; tifapYk; Mff; Fiwe;j

tpiyapid jhgpg;gjw;Fk; gPb tpiyfs; kPjhd Rq;fj; jPh;itapid mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; gPb jahhpg;G mDkjpg;gj;jpu fl;lzk; &gh 1>500

,ypUe;J &gh 5>000 Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

gazpfs; mwtPl;bid mjpfhpj;jy;

576. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> gazpfs; mwtPl;bid 25 I.m.nlhyhpypUe;J 30

I.m.nlhyuhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. ,J fg;gy; kw;Wk; tpkhdg;

gazpfSf;Fk; Vw;Gilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. jpul;L epjpaj;jpw;fhd gazpfs; mwtPl;L

tUkhdj;jpd; gq;fspg;gpid jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; %d;wpy; xd;wpid %d;wpy;

,uz;lhf mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

115  

flTr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk;

577. flTr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk; mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; jpUj;jg;gltpy;iy. MapDk;

flTr;rPl;Lfis mr;rpLtjw;fhd nrytpdk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,jw;fikthf xU

ehs; Nrit tpz;zg;gj;jpw;fhd fl;lzj;jpid &gh 7>500 ,ypUe;J &gh 10>000 Mf

mjpfhpg;gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk; ,ul;ilg; gpurh chpikf;fhd

tpz;zg;gf; fl;lzj;jpid &gh 250>000 ,ypUe;J &gh 300>000 Mf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;

njw;fhrpa ehLfSf;fhd tPrhf; fl;lzj;jpid 20 I.m. nlhyuhf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;

ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

tjptpl tPrhtpid mwpKfg;gLj;jy;

578. ntspehl;L KjyPl;bid Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf %d;W tUl fhyg;gFjpf;F tjptpl

tPrhtpid toq;Ftjw;F 250>000 I.m. nlhyhpid fl;lzkhf mwtpLtjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhoptJld; mikr;ruitapd; mq;fPfhuj;Jld; ntspehl;lth;fSf;fhd epue;ju

tjptpl tPrhtpid toq;Ftjw;F 5 kpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyhpid mwtpLtjw;Fk; ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

njhiyj;njhlh;Gfs; njhopy; kPjhd thp

579. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs rh;tNjr njhiyj;njhlh;Gfs; ,af;Fdh; fl;lzkhdJ

cs;tUk; rh;tNjr miog;Gf;fs;kPJ epkpl mbg;gilapy; xU epkplj;jpw;F I.m.

nlhyh;fs; 09 rjq;fs; fl;lzkhf mwtplg;gLk;. mj;njhifapd; xU epkplj;jpw;fhd

I.m.nlhyh; 03 rjq;fis khj;jpuNk ,af;Fdh;fs; jpul;ba epjpf;F toq;Ffpd;wdh;.

rh;tNjr njhiyj; njhlh;Gfs; ,af;Fdh; fl;lzj;ij I.m.nlhyh; 09 rjj;jpypUe;J

12 rjq;fshf mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;> mt;tjpfhpf;fg;gl;l KOj;njhifiaAk; jpul;ba

epjpaj;jpw;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;;.

Vw;Wkjpf; fk;gdpfspd; cs;ehl;Lr; re;ij tpw;gid

580. Vw;Wkjpapid ikakhff; nfhz;l KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;Gr; rigf; fk;gdpfs; mtw;wpd;

nkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; 5 rjtPjj;jpid khj;jpuk; cs;ehl;Lr; re;ijapy; toq;fy;

nra;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

fk;gdpg; gjpTf; fl;lzj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jy;

581. gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ngUk;ghyhd fk;gdpfs; njhopw;gLtjpy;iy vd;gJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. mj;jifa fk;gdpfis njhopw;glf; $badthf khw;Wtjw;F>

gjpT nra;ag;gl;l fk;gdpfs; midj;Jk; khjk; xd;Wf;F gjpthshpdhy; mwtplg;gLk;

fl;lzkhf 7>500 &ghtpid nrYj;Jtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;. NkYk;;

jd;dhh;tf; fiyg;gpid J}z;lhjpUg;gjw;fhf fk;gdpfspd; jd;dhh;tf fiyg;gpd; kPJ

&gh 500>000 ,id mwtpLtjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

582. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;l midj;J njhopy; Kaw;rpfSk;

jkJ cs;@uhl;rp rigfSld; tUlnkhd;Wf;F 100 &gh vd;w rhjhu fl;lzj;jpid

nrYj;jp gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Gjpa tpahghu njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; kpd;rhuk;

kw;Wk; ePh; ,izg;Gfs;> tq;fpfspypUe;J fld; trjpfspid ngwy; vd;gtw;Wf;F ,g;

gjpthdJ Kd; Njitg;ghlhf nfhs;sg;gLk;.

116  

njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlf mwtPL

583. ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fpyk; ,izg;G nkhop vd;w tifapy;> jkpo; njhiyf;fhl;rp

ehlfq;fs;> jpiug;glq;fs; kw;Wk; tpsk;guq;fSf;F jw;nghOJ toq;fg;gl;Ls;s

tpyf;fspg;G Mq;fpy njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fs;> jpiug;glq;fs; kw;Wk;

tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk; tifapy; tphpthf;fg;gLk;.

thp eph;thf kWrPuikg;Gfs;

cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;

584. ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; thp eph;thfj;jpd; jw;Nghja epiyapidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L> thp

eph;thf kWrPuikg;G kw;Wk; Njitahd etPd kag;gLj;jy; eilKiwfs;

vd;gtw;Wf;F thpf;nfhs;if kWrPuikg;ghf thpKiwik ,yFgLj;jg;gl

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,g; gpd;dzpapy;> tpguj; jpul;Lf;fspid g+uzg;gLj;Jjy;> thpf;

nfhLg;gdTfs; Nghd;w Nritfis jd;dpaf;f ,iza trjpfspd; %yk;

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf tUkhd eph;thf Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwikapd; (RAMIS)

Kjw;fl;lk; 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J gad;tYg; ngWk; tifapy;

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

585. thp Nrfhpg;gpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf midj;J tpahghuf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspYk; thp

nrYj;Jeh; milahs ,yf;fk; (TIN) my;yJ tpahghu gjpT ,yf;fk; (BRN)

vd;gtw;wpid fl;lhakhf cs;slf;f Ntz;Lnkd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

586. thp tpjpg;gdT Mizf;FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLtJld;

eilKiwapid ,yFgLj;Jjy;> tphpthd thp mbg;gilapid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l

Fiwe;j thp tpfpjq;fspd; gpuNahfk; vd;gd kPsha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa

tplaq;fshFk;.

587. ehl;bd; vy;iyfSf;fpilapy; rl;lhPjpaw;w tpahghu eltbf;iffs; mjpfhpj;Js;sjd;

fhuzkhf> js mhpg;G kw;Wk; ,yhgkhw;wy; (BEPS) fhuzkhf ehl;bw;F rl;lhPjpahff;

fpilf;f Ntz;ba tUkhdj;jpid ghJfhf;Fk; rthypid murhq;fk;

vjph;Nehf;fpAs;sJ. cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; khw;wy; tpiyaply; gphpT

gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l mYtyh;fs;> juTj; jsk; kw;Wk; khw;wy; tpiyaply; njhlh;ghd

gpur;ridfisj; jPh;g;gjw;F mtrpakhd Vida tplaq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

Njitaw;w tPz; tpuaq;fisj; jtph;g;gjw;F cs;ehl;L khw;wy; tpiyaplypid

eph;tfpj;jy; ,yFgLj;jg;gLk;.

588. gpuNjra nrayf kl;lj;jpy; tUkhd Nrfhpg;gpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

eltbf;iffSk; vLf;fg;gLk;.

589. Mz;nlhd;Wf;F &gh 25 kpy;ypaDf;F mjpfkhd thp nrYj;Jk; jdpg;gl;l thp

nrYj;Jeh;fSf;F> tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; tpNrl gpuKff; fUkgPlk;> murhq;f

epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;; itj;jparhiyfspy; Kd;Dhpikf; ftdpg;G> mur

epfo;TfSf;fhd tpNrl miog;gpjo;fs;> nfsut rdhjpgjp kw;Wk; nfsut

gpujkUld; tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw ghuhl;L epfo;Tfs; Nghd;w tpNrl rYiffs;

toq;fg;gLk;. cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; thp nrYj;Jeh;fSf;F kjpAiu

Nritfs; toq;fg;gLtJld; jpwikahd mYtyh;fspd; %yk; rpwe;j cjtpf;

fUkgPlq;fs; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk;.

117  

590. tUkhd thp tpguj;jpul;L xUgf;f Mtzkhf ,yFgLj;jg;gLtJld; thp

nrYj;Jeh;fSf;F ,yFthd Kiwapy; g+uzg;gLj;Jtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uj;jy;

cah;e;j thp ,zf;fg;ghl;Lf;F fhuzkhf mikAk;.

591. thp njhlh;ghd rl;l Vw;ghLfis J~;gpuNahfk; nra;jy; kw;Wk; gpioahd

nghUs;Nfhly; vd;gtw;wpid jtph;f;Fk; tifapyhd rl;l Vw;ghLfs; Njitahd thpr;

rl;lq;fspy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

• Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;lzk;; fhg;GWjpj; njhopw;Jiwf;F tiuaWf;fg;gLtJld;

jpwj;jth;fSf;Fr; nrYj;jg;gl;l Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;lzk; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLjYk;

Ntz;Lk;.

• thpNrfhpg;G kw;Wk; thp nrYj;Jeh; ,zf;fg;ghL kw;Wk; thp

cj;jpNahfj;jh;fis tYg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpd;

jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLfpd;w Fw;wtpay; njhlh;ghd fl;likg;G ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;sg;gLk; tifapy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; jpUj;jq;fSk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

• Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nrytpdq;fspy; %d;W klq;F Fiwg;ghdJ

njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; tpisT mgptpUj;jp fhzg;gLkhapd; khj;jpuk;

mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

• ntspehl;Lf; fld;fSf;fhd tl;b tpyf;fspg;G ntspehl;L tq;fpfs; my;yJ

epjp epWtdq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l fld;fspd; tl;bkPJ tiuaWf;fg;gLk;.

• thp tpLKiwf; fhyk; Kbtile;jjd; gpd;dh; gq;F yhgk; kPjhd rpy

tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePf;fg;gLk;.

• VNjDk; thpkjpg;gPl;L Mz;Lf;F kPsspg;Gf; Nfhhpf;if fhzg;gLkhapd;> mJ

njhlh;gpy; %d;W tUlq;fSf;Fs; cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;

jPh;khdpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwpd;Nwy; mj;njhifahdJ vjph;fhyj;jpy;

nrYj;j Ntz;ba thpf; nfhLg;gdTf;nfjpuhf gjptspg;G nra;ag;gLtjw;F

mDkjpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

thpr; rl;lq;fspd; kPs;tiuT

592. ehl;by; jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; thpr; rl;lq;fs; ghuk;ghpa gphpj;jhdpa nfhs;iffis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l vspjpy; ifahsKbahj rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; thpf;nfhs;if xd;wpid nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

jilfshf rpf;fy; epiwe;;j thpr; rl;lq;fs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;ls;s. ,J gy;NtW

rpf;fy;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJld; thpf; nfhs;ifapid mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F

Kl;Lf;fl;ilahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> njspthdJk; Kuz;ghlw;wJkhd

,yFthd thpr; rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F Vw;w tifapy; thpr; rl;lq;fis kPs

tiua Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. etPd thpKiwikf;F Njitahd

tplaq;fisf; nfhz;ljhd ,r; rl;l kWrPuikg;G thp nrYj;Jeh;fs; ,yFthf

tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F cjtpahf ,Ug;gJld; rl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; kaf;f

epiyikapdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s Xl;ilfis ,y;yhjhf;Fk; mNjNtis thp

epUthfj;jpidAk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e; Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf

rh;tNjr ehza epjpaj;jpypUe;J njhopy;El;g cjtpfis ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJld;

2016 ,d; ,Wjpastpy; ,f; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid epiwT nra;tjw;F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

118  

thpNkd;KiwaPl;L Mizf;FO

593. thpNkd;KiwaPl;L Mizf;FOtpd; RahjPdj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if

vLf;fg;gLtJld;> Nkd;KiwaPl;L eltbf;iffs; ,aw;;if ePjpf; Nfhl;ghl;bid

gpd;gw;Wk; tifapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;.

,yq;ifr; Rq;fk;

594. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhz;ljw;fpzq;f ,yq;ifr;

Rq;fkhdJ nkhj;j mur tUthapy; 60 rjtPjj;

ij Nrfhpf;fpwJ. vdNt Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;ijg; gyg;gLj;JtJ gpujhd

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngWfpwJ. mj;NjhL ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk; rh;tNjr th;j;jfj;Jf;F

trjpaspg;gjpy; gpujhd ebgq;if tfpf;fpwJ. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;; Vw;fdNt

,yq;ifr; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; 24 kzp Neu Nrit mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

595. Vwf;Fiwa 80 rjtPjkhd vkJ ,wf;Fkjpg; nghUl;fs; Vw;Wkjpia ,yf;fhff;

nfhz;l cs;ehl;Lf; ifj;njhopYf;fhd cs;sPLfshFk;. ,t;thwhd KjyPl;lhsh;fs;

Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; rpf;fy;tha;e;j Kiwikfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L nghUl;fisAk;

cgfuzq;fisAk; Vida fUtpfisAk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak;NghJ xNu $iwapd;fPo;

Nritfis toq;Fk; epWtdnkhd;iw mikj;J mjD}lhf Njitahd mDkjpfs;>

tpLtpg;Gfs;> xg;ge;jq;fs; midj;ijAk; mtw;wpD}lhfr; nra;J nfhLg;gjw;fhd

xw;iw tiuTj; jsq;fs; epWtg;ggLk;. ,f; fUkq;fis tpiuTgLj;Jtjw;fhf chpa

jpizf;fsq;fspd; jfTila mjpfhhpfs; mjhtJ Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;

jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;iff; fl;lisg; gzpafk;> Efh;Nthh; mjpfhurig> cs;ehl;L

,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;> th;j;jfj; jpizf;fsk;> fk;gdpfs; gjpthsh; jpizf;fsk;

Nghd;wit xNu $iwapd; fPo; epWtg;gLk;.

596. NkYk; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J nghUl;fis tpLtpf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk;

Nrjq;fisf; Fiwj;J nraw;wpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Gjpa ];fhd; ,ae;jpuq;fs;

Rq;fj; jpizf;fs tpLtpg;G gFjpfspy; nghWj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ek;gfj; jd;ikia

Nkk;gLj;Jk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj re;NjfKkpy;iy.

597. 2016 Mk; Mz;L [{d; khjj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rq;f eltbf;iffspy; kdpj <Lghl;bidf;

Fiwg;gjw;fhfTk; th;j;jf trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;. ,wf;Fkjpr; Rq;fg;

gpufldq;fs; ,yj;jpudpay; Clhfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;L [{d; khjk;

1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J jfT toq;Fk; mur Kftuhz;ikfs; Neubahf ,yq;ifr;

Rq;fj;Jld; njhlh;G gLj;jg;gLk;.

598. midj;J Rq;f tpLtpg;G ikaq;fspYk; CCTV fkuhf;fy; nghUj;jg;gl;L

mjD}lhf ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;JtNjhL Coy; NkhrbfisAk;

xopf;f KbAk;. 2016 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J mKYf;F tUk;

gpizf;Fl;gl;l fsQ;rparhiyfs; Fiwe;jJ 50>000 rJu mbfisf; nfhz;ljhff;

fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ Ngzg;gLk; fsQ;rparhiyfs; Nkw;gb

Njitg;ghLfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; tpahgpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

599. 2016 Mk; Mz;L rdthp khjk; 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; tifapy;

Gjpa kjpg;gPl;L Kiwnahd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jp mjD}lhf thfd

cjphpg;ghfq;fisAk; uah;fs;> jiuNahLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ngWkjpia Kiwahf

kjpg;gpLtjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

119  

600. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J ,yq;if juk; Fiwe;;j nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp

nra;Ak; ,lkhf (Dumping ground) khWtjidj; jLg;gjw;fhf ghtpf;fg;gl;l

ryit ,ae;jpuq;fs;> ghtpf;fg;gl;l njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfs; kw;Wk; ghtpf;fg;gl;l

ifj;njhiyNgrpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjpypUe;J Kw;whfj; jil

nra;ag;gLk;.

601. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe;J Rq;fj; jpizf;fs eltbf;;iffis

xUKfg;gLj;jTk; tUthiaj; jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; midj;J tsikahd

,wf;fkjpahsh;fSk; Rq;fj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

602. jPh;itaw;w filj;njhFjpfis JiwKfq;fspYk; tpkhd epiyaq;fspYk;

elhj;JNthh; ntspehl;Lg; gq;fhsUld; Nrh;e;J mtw;iwf; nfhz;L elhj;Jjy;

Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gb cs;ehl;L th;j;jfh;fs; ,t;thwhd tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl tpUk;gpd;

ntspehl;Lg; gq;fhsUld; Nrh;e;Jk; ntspehl;lth;fs; cs;ehl;L gq;fhsUld; Nrh;e;Jk;

nraw;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

603. Vw;Wkjp kw;Wk; nfhs;fyd; khw;wpVw;wy; tpahghuj;jpYk; <LgLNthhpd; trjpfis

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ghJfhg;ghd> tpiuthd> Kiwahd trjpfis mjpfhpg;gjw;fhfTk;

gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s ehLfspd; Rq;f mjpfhhpfis vkJ Rq;f mjpfhhpfNshL

ifNfhh;j;J nraw;gLkhWk; ehd; miog;G tpLf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l

ehLfSf;fhd Vw;WkjpAk; nfhs;fyd; khw;wp Vw;Wk; eltbf;;iffSk;

Jhpjg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

604. ,d;iwa rh;tNjr th;j;jf eltbf;iffspd; Njitg;ghLfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L

eilKiwapYs;s Rq;ff; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa Rq;fr; rl;lnkhd;W

tpiutpy; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;glTs;sJ.

tPjp tpgj;Jf;fSf;fhd fl;lzq;fs;

605. tPjp xOf;fk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. tPjp tpgj;Jf;fspd; Clhf Vw;gLk; caph;

,og;GfSk; nrhj;J ,og;GfSk; ehl;Lf;F kPsspf;fg;glhj gy gpy;ypad; &gha;fis

fpuakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e; epiyapy; tPjp tpgj;njhd;W Vw;gLk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy;

nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l ,og;Gf;fhd el;l<l;Lf;F Nkyjpfkhf 10>000

&ghtpid jz;lg;gzkhf tpjpg;gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd;Nwd;.

Kjd;ik cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;

606. 2018 Mk; Mz;bid v];ng];u]; $iwj; jfLfis Kw;whfj; jLf;Fk; Mz;lhf

mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp Vw;fdNt gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. vdNt 2018 Mk; Mz;lhFk;

NghJ Rw;whly; el;Gf; $iwj;jfLfisf; fz;Lgpbg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. vdNt rptg;G

fspkz; XLfisj; jahhpf;Fk; njhopw;Jiwf;F miuthrp thptpLKiw %d;WtUl

fhyj;jpw;F toq;fg;gLk;.

ijj;j Milfs; kw;Wk; ghjzpfSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjp thp

607. th;j;jf ehkk; Ngzg;gLk; cw;gj;jpfSf;Fk; cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpfSf;Fkpilapy;

rkepiyiag; NgZtjw;fhf ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l my;yJ cs;ehl;by; cw;gj;jp

nra;ag;gl;L re;ijf;F tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; ijj;j Milfs; kw;Wk; ghjzpfSf;F

cs;ehl;L Vw;Wkjp Nehf;fpa fk;gdpfSf;F nghJthdnjhU thptpfpjk;

Vw;GilajhFk;.

120  

tpN~l Efu;Tg; nghUs; mwtPL

608. cs;ehl;L jahupg;Gf; ifj;njhopiy ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; kuf;fwp vz;nza;f;F

Vw;Gilajhd tpN~l Efu;Tg; ngUs; mwtPl;L tup Fiwf;fg;gLk;.

gd;;Kfg; gzpapyPLgLk; mYtyh;fs;

609. gpuNjr nrayfq;fspy; gzpGhpAk; gl;ljhhpfs; gd;Kfg;gzpapy; <LgLk;

mYtyh;fshf gzpf;fkh;j;jg;gLth;. mth;fs; gpuNjr nrayf kl;lj;jpy; murhq;f thp

Nrfhpg;ghsu;fshf tpNrl gzpfspy; <LgLj;jg;gLtu;.

fld; ngWiffspd; tiuaiwfs;

610.  mtrpakhd murpiwr; rl;lf ,izg;G IV ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;bd;

xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;l %yj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s 2016 Mz;bd; epjpahz;Lld; njhlh;Gila

fld; ngWiffspd; tiuaiwfs; ,izg;G II ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

KbTiu  611. vkJ ehl;by; cUthd Njrpa If;fpa murhq;fj;jpd; fd;dp tuT nryTj;jpl;l

ciuahdJ ey;yhl;rp kw;Wk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;> Njrpa

nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifapy; xU Gjpa jpUg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vkJ Nehf;fq;fs;

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; cau; eLj;ju tUkhdg; nghUshjhuk; xd;iw cUthf;;Ftjw;fhd

vjph;fhyf; nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; mike;jitahFk;. ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfspd;

eyd; xU rpyUf;F khj;jpukd;wp ,yq;if kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; gue;J nry;Yk; vd

ehd; cWjpahf ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. rdthp 29 Mk; jpfjp rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l “E}W ehs;

Gul;rp” Kd;nkhopthdJ NkYk; vkf;F nfsutj;ij Nrh;j;Js;sJld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

milTfisAk; vl;bAs;sJ.

612. ehk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; ele;jtw;iw kwe;Jtpl;L vjph;fhyj;jpid Nehf;fp gazpf;f

Ntz;bAs;Nshk;. Gjpa ghpzhkq;fSlDk; cj;Ntfj;JlDk; ehk; vkJ Njrj;jpidf;

fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;F ,lkpy;iy. mt;thW nra;tjw;fhd

J}u Nehf;fpid ehk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Njrj;jpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;w J}u

Nehf;fhdJ xNu rPuhdjhFk;. mJ gue;Jgl;ljy;y. vkJ Kaw;rpfs; ehisa

vjph;fhyj;jpid rikg;gjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjpNjF rdhjpgjp nfsut

ikj;jphpghy rpwpNrd> nfsut gpujkh; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f> vdJ mikr;ruit rf

ed;gh;fs; epjp mikr;rpd; nrayhsh; fyhepjp Mh.vr;.v];. rkuJq;f kw;Wk; mtuJ

mYtyh;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;j tuTnryTj;jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfspid epiwT nra;tjw;F

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j Vida midtUf;Fk; ehd; vdJ ed;wp ghuhl;Ljy;fisj;

njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfs; r%fj;jpYs;s midj;J

JiwapdUf;Fkhd ed;ikfisAk; tha;g;GfisAk; juf;$ba ,jw;F Kd;dh;

vd;Wkpy;yhjthwhd Gj;jhf;ff; nfhs;iffis nfhz;Ls;sJ.; gy;NtWgl;l

jdpahl;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW ngWkjpahd

Kd;nkhopTfspid ehk; ,j;Jld; ,izj;Js;Nshk;. mj;Jld; mth;fs; ,jw;Ff;

fhl;ba rhjfkhd mf;fiwf;F ehd; ghuhl;Ljy;fisj; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

jw;nghOJ ehk; ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfs; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

mh;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;glNtz;bAs;sJ.

121  

613. NkYk; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp> nfsut gpujkh;> nfsut rghehafh;> vdJ mikr;ruit

rf ed;gh;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; midtUf;Fk;

,g;ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,d;iwa jpdk; r%fkspj;jjw;fhf ed;wpfisj;

njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

vkJ jha; ehl;bw;F Kk;kzpfspdJk; MrPh;thjk; cz;lhtjhf.!

122  

gpd;dpizg;G I

tUkhdKd;nkhopTfs; - 2016

Kd;nkhopTfs; &gh.kpy;.

1  gq;Fg; gwpkhw;wy; ; mwtPl;bid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; (2,500)

2  epu;khdifj;njhopy; cj;juthjepjpamstPl;bid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; (1,800)

3  ciof;Fk; NghJnrYj;Jk; tupkw;Wk; jdpegu; tUkhdtupapidj; jpUj;jy; (4,000)

4  jhgdtupapidj; jpUj;jy; (6,000)

5  tl;bkPjhdgpbtupapidePf;Fjy; (8,000)

6  Kj;jpiutupapidjpUj;jy; (3,500)

7  ng.Nr. tupapidjpUj;jy; (25,000)

8  Nj.f. tupapidjpUj;jy; 90,000

9  fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk; mwtPLfistpjpj;jy;/jpUj;jpaikj;jy; 75,000

10  nrhFRkw;Wk; miur; nrhFRthfdtupapid ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; (1,500)

11  J.tp.e.m. mwtPl;bidj; jpUj;jy; 30,000

12  Rq;fj; jPu;itkw;Wk; nr]; tupapidj; jpUj;jy; 10,300

13  kJghdj; jahupg;Gcupkk; fl;lzj;jpidj; jpUj;jy; 3,000

14  Nkhl;lu; fhu;fSf;fhdcw;gj;jpjPu;itapy; myFtpfpjq;fismwpKfg;gLj;Jjy; 20,000

15  tpkhdNkwy; mwtPl;bidj; jpUj;Jjy; 2,000

16  njhiyj; njhlu;GmwtPl;bidj; jpUj;Jjy; 4,000

17  kpd;rhu>kpd;dpay; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpurhjdq;fSf;fhfJ.tp.m.mwtPl;bidf;

Fiwj;jy;. (2,000)

18  Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fSf;fhf Gif ntspapLjy; fl;lznkhd;wpidmwpKfg;gLj;Jjy; 18,000

19  kJrhuk;>Gifapiykw;Wk; nfrpNd; vd;gdtw;wpw;fhf 25 %mjpAau;

tupnahd;wpidtpjpj;jy;. 2,000

20  nghUshjhuNritf; fl;lzj;jpidj; jpUj;Jjy; 7,000

21  kJghdk;; kPjhdcw;gj;jptupjPulitapidj; jpUj;Jjy; 16,000

nkhj;jk; 223,000

%yk; :murpiwj; jpizf;fsk;

123  

gpd;dpizg;G II 

nrytpdKd;nkhopTfs; - 2016

   Kd;nkhopT &gh.kpy;

1  tpij cw;gj;jpapid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; 1,000 2  Rpwpa Fsq;fs; >ePu;ghrd fhy;tha;fis Gduikj;jy; 2,000 3  fsQ;rparhiyfis fl;Ljy; 1,000 4  Fsp&l;b miwfis epu;khzpj;jy; 2,000 5  kPd;gpb JiwKfq;fis tpupTgLj;Jjy; 750 6  Tptrha fhy;;eilfs; kw;Wk; kPd; gjdply; epiyak; 100 7  cs;ehl;L ghy; kh jahupg;ghsu;fSf;F trjpfis toq;;fy; 1,000 8  kPPd; tsu;g;G epiyaq;fisf; fl;Ljy; 100 9  kPd;; tsu;g;G trjpfis mjpfupj;jy; 100 10  yf; rNjr Clhf jfuj;jpy; milf;fg;gl;l kPPdpid rYif tpiyapy; toq;Fjy; 300 11  ,wg;gUf;fhd gpujhd jpl;lj;jpid nraw;gLj;Jjy; 100 12  njq;Fr; nra;ifapid kWrPuikj;jy; 250 13  Njapiy> ,wg;gu;> njq;F Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;jy; 200 14  rPdp kw;Wk; gid Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;jy; 100 15  thridg; nghUl;fisj; jug;gLj;Jjy; 150 16  fWth Muha;r;rp myF 50 17  fWth mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig 50 18  fWth gapw;rpg; ghlrhiy 50 19  Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd;wk; 50 20  2500 nfhj;jzpf; fpuhkq;fs; epfo;r;rpj jpl;lk;.(; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;fhf

gd;Kfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tuTnryT xJf;fPL cs;slq;fyhf) 21,000

21  nghUshjhu tyaq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;. 200 22  Njrpa Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 2,000 23  td rPtuhrpfs; ghJfhg;G 1,000 24  Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;junjhopy; Kaw;rpahsu; fld; cj;juthj epjpak; 500 25  Kjd;ikf; ifj;njopy;fs; 2,000 26  nghUshjhuj;jpid b[ply; kag;gLj;Jjy; 10,000 27  Epy tq;fpapid jhgpj;jy; 500 28  Fpuhkpa tPlikg;G 4,500 29  ifj;njopy; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp epu;khzk; 500 30  Rw;Wsh jpwd; mgptpUj;jp 100 31  vk.I.rP.<khehl;L kz;lgk; 3,000 32  ghuk;gupa efuk; vd;w tifapy; fhyp Nfhl;ilapid mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 500 33  Epjp epWtd kPs;fl;likg;G epWtdj;jpw;fhd rk gq;F %yjdk; 10 34  rpNu~;l gpuirfSf;fhd tl;b khdpak; 1,500 35  ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L kw;Wk; fzf;fha;T juhjuq;fs; ehza rigapid gyg;gLj;Jjy; 100 36  Kwp tpLtpg;G epiyankhd;wpidj; jhgpj;jy; 500 37  Mrpupau; gapw;rpepfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;. 1,000 38  Mrpupau;fspd; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; 2,000 39  ghlrhiyfSf;fhd Jg;guNtw;ghl;L trjpfs; 4,000 40  ghlrhiyfSf;F kpd;rhuk; toq;Fjy; 2,000 41  Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfis juKau;j;Jjy; 10,000 42  1000 ,uz;lhe; jug; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf trjpfis toq;Fjy; 15,000 43  1360 ghlrhiyfSf;F mbg;gil trjpfis toq;Fjy;. 30,000 44  ngUe;Njhl;;lg; ghlrhiyfs; 25 ,id juKau;j;Jjy; 250 45  ghlrhiyfspy; tpQ;Qhdf; fy;tpapid Nkk;gLj;jy; 450 46  gw; Rfhjhu trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy; 250 47  k`hnghy gy;fiyf;fofj;jpidj; jhgpj;jy; 3,000 48  Wifi trjpfs; kw;Wk; kbf;fzzp nfhs;tdTf;fhd cjtp 300 49  ngsj;j>ghyp gl;l Nkw;gbg;G epWtfk; 500 50  gy;fiyf;fof cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp 6,000 51  fzf;fha;tpay; jpwd; mgptpUj;jp 30 52  njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp 3,000 53  ,isQu;fis tYT+l;;Ljy; 3,000 54  FUjp Rj;jpfupg;G epiyaq;fs; 6,500 55  nghyd;eWitapy; rpWePuf kUj;Jtkid 2,000 56  03 Gw;WNeha; kUj;Jtkidfisj; jhgpj;jy; 3,000 57  mEuhjGu>aho;ghzk; kw;Wk; FUzhfy kUj;Jtkidfis juKau;j;Jjy; 3,000 58  Rfhjhu cj;jpNahfj;ju;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy; 250 59  [atu;jdGu kUj;Jtkidapid jpUj;jpaikj;jy; 1,500 60  [atu;jdGu kUj;Jtkid jhjpau; glrhiyapid Nkk;gLj;jy; 2,500

124  

   Kd;nkhopT &gh.kpy;

61  gf;fthj Neha;;; rpfpr;iraspg;G epiyaq;fis mikj;jy; 5,000 62  Gw;WNeha>; rpWePuf Neha; kw;Wk; nlq;F njlu;ghd Muha;r;rp 250 63  Gj;jhf;f KLf;fpapid cUthf;fy; 100 64  Edry epiyaq;fisj; juKau;j;Jjy; 100 65  Gyikr; nrhj;J cupikfs; 100 66  KjpNahUf;fhd Njrpa Nguit 10 67  Njrpa rpWtu;; ghJfhg;G mjpfhu rig 100 68  rpWtu guhkupg;ghsu; gapw;rfis mq;fPfupj;jy; 50 69  nghyp]; epiyaq;fisj; jhgpj;jy; 1,000 70  Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; nghyP]hUf;fhd gapw;rpfs; 100 71  nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; rk;gs Kuz;ghLfs; ePf;Fjy; 3,000 72  tiyaikg;G njhlu;ghly;fs; nghyp]hUf;F toq;Fjy; 250 73  yf; rNjr tpepNahf tiyg;gpd;dypid Nkk;gLj;jy;; 1,000 74  cs;ehl;L ,iwtup>kJtup>jghw; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; Njrpa nyj;ju; rig

vd;gdtw;wpw;fhf Gjpa fl;llk; 2,000

75  Mur Jiw fzf;fhsu;fSf;F njhopw;jifikfistoq;Fjy; 50 76  tpNrl nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd mikr;Rf;fhd xJf;fPL 150 77  ntspehl;L JhJtuhz;ik NritapYs;s cj;jpNahfj;jufsJ gps;isfspd; fy;tpf;F

trjpaspj;jy; 150

78  A+iy NtiyepWjjw;fhuu;fSf;fhd xl;Lnkhj;jf; nfhLg;gdT 500 79  ePjpkd;w epUthfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jy; 500 80  rl;l kWrPuikg;Gf;fs; 500 81  ePjpj;Jiw gapw;rp epUtdq;fis tYg;gLj;Jjy; 500 82  jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpid jutifg;gLj;Jfpd;w epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 100 83  Kr;rf;fu tz;bfis vupnghUs; ghtidapypUe;;J kpd; ghtidf;F

epiykhw;Wtjw;fhd tl;b khdpak; 50

84  Nghf;Ftuj;J FwpaPlhf;fpfis mwpKfg;gLj;;Jy; 500 85  nfhOk;G-mtrhnts;s Gifapujg; ghij 1,500 86  g]; kw;Wk; Gifapujg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpid tpupTgLj;Jjy;> 1,000 87  aho;g;ghz Gifapujg; ghijapid Nkk;gLj;jy; 200 88  ,e;J rKj;jpu fly; tptfhu $l;Lj;jhgdk; 50 89  ifj;njhopw; Ngl;ilfs; kw;Wk; tptrha njhopy;El;gtpaypid Nkk;gLj;jy; 500 90  tPjp tiyaikg;gpid mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 15,000 91  Nfhl;lh - fLtiy tPjpapid cau;j;jg; ngw;w tPjpahf;fy; 10,000 92  Nfhl;il EisT tPjp 4,000 93  tlf;F-fpof;F neLQ;rhiy 1,000 94  ePu; topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J 250 95  ahd; Xah fUj;jpl;lk; 1,000 96  Khefu kw;Wk; Nky; khfhz mgptpUj;jp 10,000 97  efu;Gw mgptpUj;jp 2,500 98  njd; khfhz mgptpUj;jp 1,000 99  tlNky; khfhz mgptpUj;jp 2,500 100  GGjK nghyd;eWit epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 10,000 101  tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F mgptpUj;jp 14,000 102  Njhl;l cl;fl;likg;G mgptUj;jp 1,000 103  cs;Suhl;rp rigfis gyg;gLj;jy; 1,500 104  fiyQu;fSf;fhd gq;fspg;G Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd Muk;g %yjdk; 25 105  vf;]pk; tq;fpf;fhd Muk;g %yjdk; 50 106  tpisahl;Lf;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 1,000 107  ,yq;if juhjuq;fs; epWdk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; njhopy;El;gtpay; epWtdk;

vd;gtw;iw gyg;gLj;jy; 200

108  ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fSf;nfjpuhd fhg;GWjp 300 109  nfhs;if tFg;G kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T 200 110  ,yQ;r Coy; Mizf; FOtpw;fhd trjpfs; 500 111  ifj;njopy; tyaq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; 700 112  el khLk; kUj;Jtkidfs; 200 113  N[.Mu;; [atu;jd kj;jpa epiyak; - nfhs;jpwd; mgptpUj;jp 50 114  ghuhSkd;w mYty;fis kPs;fl;likg;G nra;jy; 250

   nkhj;jk; 253,325 Mf;fk; - Njrpa tuT nryTj;jpl;l jpizf;fsk;

125  

gpd;dpizg;G III

nkhj;jfld;ngWifNjitg;ghLfs; - 2016

(fzf;fPl;LnfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;fhdVw;ghLfs;)

tplak; &gh.gpy;.

nkhj;jtUkhdngWifNjitg;ghLfs; - 2016 2,005

kPs; nfhLg;gdTfs; cs;slq;fyhfnkhj;jnfhLg;gdTfs; 3,389

Kw;gzf; fzf;Fnjhopw;ghLfSf;fhdVw;ghLfs; 5

ngWiffs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfspy; fzf;FNtWghLkPjhdMgj;JVw;ghL 80

murcliknjhopy; Kaw;rpIe;njhifkPs;fl;likg;Gf;fhdKwpfs; toq;fy; 120

vjpu;ghuhg; nghWg;Gf;fs; 30

murhq;fg; gpizaq;fspd; Gj;jf/fhRg; ngWkjpjpUj;jk; 80

murhq;ffzf;Ffspy; gjpag;glNtz;bankhj;jfld; Njitg;ghL 1,699

mtw;wpd; nkhj;jgLfld; nfhLg;gdT 649

%yk; - NjrpatuTnryTj;jpl;ljpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; jpiwNrupnraw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;

126  

gpd;dpizg;G IV

tuTnryTj;jpl;lRUf;fk; (2012-2016)1,2

&gh.gpy;.

tplak; 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

t.nr.jpl;lk;

nkhj;jtUkhdKk; khdpaq;fSk; 1,118 1,204 1,264 1,478 2,047 nkhj;jtUkhdk; 1,102 1,188 1,254 1,468 2,032 tuptUkhdk; 909 1,006 1,050 1,284 1,584 tUkhdtup 173 206 198 249 233 nghUl;fs; Nritfs; kPjhdtup 520 572 616 786 993 ntspehl;Ltu;j;jfk; kPjhdtup 217 228 236 248 358

tupay;yhjtUkhdk; 143 132 145 126 378 khfhz rig tupgq;FfSk; tUkhdkhw;wy;fSk; 50 51 59 58 70

khdpaq;fs; 16 16 9 10 15 nkhj;jnrtpdk; 1,607 1,720 1,855 2,153 2,787

kPz;nlOk; 1,181 1,256 1,382 1,648 1,928 kh.rigfs; cs;slq;fshfrk;gsq;fSk; $ypfSk; 386 432 486 615 658 kh.rigfs; cs;slq;fshf Vida nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; 135 104 141 163 313 tl;b 408 444 436 492 520 cjTnjhiffSk; khw;wy;fSk; 251 276 318 378 437

murhq;fKjyPL 444 481 487 517 868 fy;tpAk; RfhjhuKk; 46 56 78 98 210 cl;fl;likg;G 398 425 408 419 658

Vida -18 -17 -14 -12 -9 tUkhdkpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-) -80 -68 -128 -180 104 Muk;gkpif (+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-) -80 -72 -155 -183 -220 t.nr.jp.kpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw (-) -489 -516 -591 -675 -740 nkhj;jepjpaspg;G 489 516 591 675 740

nkhj;jntspehl;Lepjpaspg;G 181 68 212 156 183 ntspehl;LngWiffs; Njwpa 365 179 329 453 519 fUj;jpl;lkw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lfld;fs; 235 187 246 258 309 ntspehl;Ltu;j;jfk; 130 -8 83 195 210

gLfld; kPs;nfhLg;gdT -184 -111 -118 -297 -336 nkhj;jcs;ehl;Lepjpaspg;G 308 448 380 519 557 tq;fpapy;yhjepjpaspg;Gfs; 71 95 252 110 275 jp.Kwpfs;>jp.cz;bay;>ntspehl;LKjyPL 106 56 1 90 100 tq;fpfld; ngWiffs; 132 297 127 319 182

tUkhdk; kw;Wk; khdpak;/nkh.c.c.(%) 12.8 12.6 12.3 13.1 16.4 nkhj;jtUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%) 12.6 12.4 12.2 13.0 16.3 tuptUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%) 10.4 10.5 10.2 11.4 12.7 tupapy;yhtUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%) 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 3.0 kh.r.tUkhdgfpu;Tkhw;wg;gl;ltUkhdk;/nkh.c.c. (%) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

khdpak;/nkh.c.c.(%) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 nrytpdk;/nkh.c.c. (%) 18.4 17.9 18.0 19.1 22.3 eilKiwr; nrytpdk;/nkh.c.c. (%) 13.5 13.1 13.4 14.6 15.4 tl;bapy;yhjit/ nkh.c.c. (%) 8.8 8.5 9.2 10.2 11.3 tl;b/ nkh.c.c.(%) 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.2

murhq;fKjyPL/nkh.c.c.(%) 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.6 6.9 tUkhdkpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)/nkh.c.c.(%) -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -1.6 0.8 Muk;gkpif (+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)/nkh.c.c. (%) -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 -1.6 -1.8 t.nr.jp.kpif(+)/gw;whf;Fiw(-)/nkh.c.c. (%) -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -6.0 -5.9 %yk; : murpiwj; jpizf;fsk;

1. khfhzrigfSf;fhdkhw;wy; tUkhdq;fSk; nrytpdq;fSk; cs;slq;fyhf. 2. cj;NjrtUkhdk; kw;Wk; nryptdk; cs;slq;fyhf.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

127  

njhopy;El;gf; Fwpg;Gfs;

tuTnryTj; jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfs; 2016 – thp eilKiw

tUkhd thp ( 2006k; Mz;L 10Mk; ,yf;f cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpw;fhd

jpUj;jq;fs;)

rYif tPj thp

1.1.1 tptrhak;

fk;gdpapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tpijfs; kw;Wk;

ehw;Wf;fspd; mgptpUj;jp :

cs;Shhpy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l tpijfs; kw;Wk;

ehw;Wf;fspy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ nrYj;jj;jF

thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

[ gphpT 16 M jpUj;jg;gLk;]

nrhl;L ePHg;ghrdk;> gr;ira tPl;Lj; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk;

caH tpisr;ry; tpijfs;:

nrhl;L ePHg;ghrdk;> gr;iratPl;Lj; njhopy;El;gk;kw;Wk;

caH tpisr;ry; tpijfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; fkgdpfspd;

tptrha ,yhgj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50%Fiwg;G 5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gr;iratPl;Lj; njhopy;El;gk;> nrhl;L

ePHg;ghrdk; kw;Wk; caH tpisr;ry; tpijfs;

tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

goq;fs; kw;Wk; kuf;fwpf; ifj;njhopy; :

goq;fs; kw;Wk; kuf;fwpfis jfug; nghjpg;gLj;jYf;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,ae;jpuk; njhlHgpy; Kw;gLj;jg;gl;l

Nja;khd tpLnjhif toq;fg;gLk;.

gphpT 25 kw;Wk; 34 jpUj;jg;gLk;.

1.1.2 Ez;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopw;Kaw;rpfspd; mgptpUj;jp

128  

nfhOk;G gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapd; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

njhopy;Kaw;rpr; rigapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfisNkk;gLj;jk; nghUl;L

tHj;jfj;ijf; nfhz;L elhj;Jk; kl;lk; tiuapy; epjp

toq;Fk; jdpahH chpikg; gq;F epjpak; my;yJ $l;L

Kaw;rp %yjdf; fk;gdpfSf;F me;epjp toq;fspy;

,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fspy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50%Fiwg;G 5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

Fwpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;w

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;fhd (jw;NghOJ

,Uf;Fk; fk;gdpiag; gphpf;fhJ my;yJ kPl;fl;likg;G

nra;ahJ) nfhj;jzpia cUthf;Fk; rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfspd; nraw;ghLfspy; ,Ue;J

tUk; ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G

3 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfrpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rp

kw;Wk; ‘$l;L Kaw;rp %yjdf; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; chpikg;

gq;F epjpaj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis milahsk;

fhzy;’Gxqk<Kjvg<gh<hMl</!

1.1.3 ce;Jiff;Fhpa ifj;njhopy; Cf;Ftpg;G:cs;Shhpy; jahhpf;fg;gLk;

nrk;kz; $iu XLfspy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ nrYj;jj;jF

thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G 3 tUl fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

1.1.4 Vida JiwfSf;fhd rYiffs;

ahNuDk; egnuhUthpdhy; fPo;tUk; nraw;ghLfs; nfhz;L

elhj;jg;gLk; nghOJ mjpypUe;J vOk; ,yhgj;jpd; kPJ

nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G 5 tUl fhyq;fSf;F

toq;fg;gLk;.

i. KjpNahH my;yJ Foe;ijg; guhkhpg;igNehf;fpw; nfhz;L

rHtNjr rhd;wopf;fg;gl;l fw;if newpfis my;yJ gapw;rp

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis toq;Ffpd;w VNjDk; fy;tp

epWtdq;fshf ,Uj;jy;.

ii. KjpNahUf;fhd tPl;L trjpfs; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; <LgLgtHfs;

iii. mur NritahsHfSf;F> muRld; ,ize;J tPl;L

myFfis epHkhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid nra;jy;.

$l;lq;fs;> Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;> fUj;juq;Ffs; kw;Wk;

fz;fhl;rpfs; (MICE) vd;gtw;Wf;fhf tpNrlkhf

$l;bizf;fg;gl;l ahNjDk; fk;gdpnahd;wpdhy; mj;jifa

eltbf;ifapypUe;J <l;lg;gLk; ,yhgq;fspd; kPJ

nrYj;jj;jF thpapy; 50% Fiwg;G> mf;Fwpj;j fk;gdpapd;

tzpfr; nraw;ghL Muk;gpj;jjpy; ,Ue;J 3 tUl

fhyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

129  

VyNtAs;s njhopw;rhiyia etPdkag;gLj;jy; Clhf

Vw;gLk; tphpthf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf 1.4.2016k; jpfjpapy;

,Ue;J xU tUl fhyj;jpw;Fs; Ntiytha;g;ig

cUthf;ff;$ba fk;gdpfSf;F> me;j ,iaghd

,yhgg;gFjp %d;W tUlfhyj;jpw;F miuthrp thp

tpfpjj;jpy; thp tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf tiuaiwfs; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLk;

vkJ Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F Muha;r;rpapy;

gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F toq;fg;gl;l mwf;nfhilfs;

Clhf>ehl;bd; caH fy;tpapy; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;

gq;fhspahtjw;FMl;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nghUl;L>

Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F fhzg;gLk;

Kf;fopg;gdTfs; vkJ Njrpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F

toq;fg;gLk; mwf;nfhilfSf;Fk; ePbf;fg;gLk;.

epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy; eilKiwapy; cs;s Nja;khd

tpLnjhiff;F Nkyjpfkhf fly; kz;iz

Jha;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd ,ae;jpuj;jpd;

iff;nfhs;sy; fpuar; nrythdJ> jfikf;nfhLg;gdthf

mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;G

1.2.1 Gjpa me;epar; nryhtzp Kfhikj;Jtr; rl;lk;:

ntspehl;L %yjdq;fis trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L Gjpa

rl;lnkhd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;. Njitahdtplj;J cs;ehl;L

,iwthpr; rl;lk;> mk;KjyPLfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L me;epar;

nrythzp cs;tUtjw;Fk; tUkhd thp tpyf;fspg;G

toq;Ftjw;F trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L jpUj;jg;gLk;.

1.2.2 gpui[ my;yhjtHfspdhy; my;yJ ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfspdhy;

cs;tuT mDg;Gifapd; Clhf gl;bayplg;gl;l fk;gdpfspy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; KjyPLfspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; gq;fpyhg

tUkhdq;fs; thp tpyf;fspg;Gf;Fl;gLk;.

1.2.3 gpd;jq;fpa gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;fhd KjyPl;Lr; rYif :

2015k; Mz;by; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l jw;Nghija rYiffSf;Fg;

gjpyhf Gjpa rYiffs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;;

Fiwe;jgl;rk; mnkhhpf;f nlhyH 10 kpy;ypaid KjyPlhff;

nfhz;l my;yJ 500 Gjpa njhopy;tha;g;Gffis (Gjpa C.Nr.ep

,yf;fq;fSld;) cUthf;ff;$ba cw;gj;jpapy; (kJghdk;

my;yJ Gifapiy jtpHe;j) my;yJ Nrit toq;Fjypy; <LgLk;

xH Gjpa fk;gdp (jw;NghOJ ,Uf;Fk; fk;gdpiag; gphpf;fhJ

my;yJ kPl;fl;likg;G nra;ahJ) gpd;jq;fpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;

cUthf;fg;gLkhapd;> mjd; tpahghu eltbf;if Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l

jpdj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 tUl fhyg;gFjpfSf;F nrYj;jj;jF thpapy;

130  

50% Fiwg;gdT nra;ag;gLk;.

NkYk; njhopy;tha;g;G 800I tpQ;Rkhapd; Fwpj;j rYif 8

tUlq;fSf;Fk;>mJ fUj;jpl;l g+q;fhthapd; 10 tUlq;fSf;Fk;

ePbf;fg;gLk;.

[gphpT 59I> 59X kw;Wk; 59X tpd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s thp

rYiffs; thpj; jpUj;jk; fhuzkhf mtrpakw;witapdhy;

ePf;fg;gLk;.].

1.2.4

gq;F ghptHj;jid rigapy; gl;baypLtjw;F> cs;ehl;L ,iwthp

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhzg;gLk; 50% Fiwg;G njhlHghf jw;NghJs;s

,Wjpj;jpfjpahd 01 Vg;gpuy; 2017 fPo;tUkhW ePbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. :

(i) nfhOk;G gq;Fg;ghptHj;jid rigapy; gl;baypLtjw;F 2

tUlq;fs;; my;yJ (ii) ntspehl;L gq;F ghptHj;jid rigapy; gl;baypLtjw;F 3

tUlq;fs; [gphpT 59< jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.2.5 mur gq;Ffs; fhzg;gLk; ngUe;Njhl;lf; fk;gdpfspd; Njapiy

my;yJ ,wg;gH gapw;nra;ifapy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk;

tUkhdk; 01.04.2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J 2 tUl fhyg;gFjpfSf;F

thp tpyf;F mspf;fg;gLk;.

1.2.6 thp tpLjiyAk; tpyf;fspg;GfSk;

cghakhHf;f mgptpUj;jpr; rl;lkhdJ> mj;jifa

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rYiffs; fhzg;gLfpdw jw;Nghija

fk;gdpfSf;F gaDWjptha;e;j tifapy; njhlUk;. Gjpa

KjyPLfs; njhlHgpy; cghakhHf;fr; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf

;Gjpa KjyPl;Lr; rl;lk;’ ,aw;wg;gLk;.

VNjDk; KjyPLfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; rYiffs; epjp

mikr;rhpd; Nkw;ghHitf;Fk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;Fk;

kpfj;jPtpukhf cl;gLtJld;> mikr;rpdhy;

tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk; xOq;Ftpjpfspdhy; ghpghypf;fg;gLk;.

KjyPl;Lr; rig kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsk;

vd;gd toq;fg;gl;l thpr; rYiffspd; mKyhf;fk; kw;Wk;

trjpaspj;jy; vd;gd jtpu Gjpa thp tpLKiwfis

toq;fkhl;lhJ.

Vida khw;wq;fs; / jpUj;jq;fs;:

1.3.1 fhg;GWjp ifj;njhopw;Jiwf;Fk; Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;lzk;

tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

131  

1.3.2 Ma;T kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nryTf;fhd Kf;fopg;gdT njhopy;El;g

Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; tpisr;ry; mgptpUj;jp vd;gd epUgpf;fg;gLk;

gl;rj;jpy; khj;jpuk; mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

[gphpT 25 kw;Wk; 92 vd;gd jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.3

ntspehl;Lf; fld;fspd; kPjhd tl;b tpyf;fspg;ghdJ>

ntspehl;L tq;fpfspy; my;yJ epjp epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;J

ngwg;gl;l fld;fSf;F khj;juk; tiuaWf;fg;gLk;.

[ gphpT 9 jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.4

thp tpLjiyf; fhyj;jpd; gpd;duhd gq;fpyhgk; kPjhd rpy thp

tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePf;fg;gLk;.

[ gphpT 10 jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.5

01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; Muk;gpf;Fk; ahNjDk; thp

kjpg;ghz;Lf;fhd thp kPsspg;Gf; Nfhhpf;ifahdJ Fwpj;j

kPsspg;G Nfhhpf;ifapy; ,Ue;J 3 tUl fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; ,Wjpj;

jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;tpjk; ,Wjpj;

jPHkhdk; vl;lg;glhjtplj;J Fwpj;j kPsspg;G vjpHfhy Fwpj;j

thpg; nghWg;Gf;F vjpuhf vjphPPL nra;ag;gLk;.

[rl;lj;jpd; chpa Vw;ghLfs; jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.6 ‐ thp nrYj;JdHfs; kw;Wk; thpj; njhopy;GhpAdHfspd; thp

Nrfhpg;G kw;Wk; thp ,zf;fg;ghL vd;gtw;iw

gyg;gLj;jtjw;fhfTk;: kw;Wk; ‐ ‘khw;wy; tpiy’ chpa mKyhf;fj;jpw;fhfTk;

jz;lid Vw;ghLfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.

1.3.7 tUkhd epHthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwikia

mKy;gLj;jtjw;F chpa jpUj;jq;fs; (mtrpakhd ,lq;fspy;)

$l;bizf;fg;gLk;.

1.3.8

AAT cWg;gpdHfisr; NrHj;jjd; %yk;gphpT 107,d; Njitf;fhf

tphpthf;fg;gl;l ‘mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l fzf;fhsH’ vDk; gjk; ‘&gh 100 kpy;ypaid tpQ;rhj Gus;T’ vd fzf;fha;T

gug;ngy;iyia tiuaWg;gjd; %yKk; mj;Jld;> eilKiwapy;

cs;s nghUj;jkhd xOq;FgLj;jy; KiwikAld; xj;jpirthf>

cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gzpfis Kd;ndLj;jr;

nry;tjw;F mtrpakhd Gyikia njhlHGila mj;jdpegH

ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhH vd jpUg;jpg;gl;lthwhf cs;ehl;L

MizahsH ehafj;jpdhy; mq;fPfhuk; toq;Ftjw;fhd

Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; kPs;Nehf;fg;gLk;.

132  

[ gphpT 107 jpUj;jg;gLk;]

1.3.9 cs;ehl;LnfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; kPjhd khw;wy; tpiy epHthfk;

,yFgLj;jg;gLtJld;>,ize;j nryTfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sikia

ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L gug;ngy;iyia tiuaWj;Jtplaq;fs;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLk;.

[ gphpT 104 kw;Wk; 104 m jpUj;jg;gLtJld;> chpa tHj;jkhdp

mwptpj;jy; ntspaplg;gLk;.]

1.3.10 &gh 25 kpy;ypad; my;yJ mjw;F Nky; thp nrYj;Jk;

jdpegHfSf;F tpNrl tug;gpurhjq;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.

mt;thpg;gpurhjq;fs; njhlHgpy; xH tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypd;

Clhf xOq;FgLj;jg;gLtJld;> Njitahd rl;l Vw;ghLfs;

$l;bizf;fg;gLk;.

1.3.11 tq;fp kw;Wk; epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; xUq;fpizg;Gr;

nrad;Kiwapd; fPo;> fopg;gdT Vw;fdNt nrythf

fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy;> tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjpf; fk;gdpfspd;

iff;nfhs;sy; my;yJ ,izTf; fpuaj;Jld; njhlHGila

MFnryTfs; kPJ jifikf; nfhLg;gdT epthuzk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;likahdJ ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.  

[gphpT 34 gpd;Ndhf;fpj; jpUj;jg;gLk;.]

tUkhd thp eilKiwia ,yFgLj;jy;

tUkhd thpf; fl;likg;ig ,yFgLj;Jk; nghUl;L fPo;tUk; Vw;ghLfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

(i) thp tPjf; fl;likg;ghdJ ,U thp tPjq;fSf;F

tiuaWf;fg;gLtJld; epak tPjk; 15% tPjkhfTk; kw;Wk; caH

tPjk; 30% tPjkhfTk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(m) gpd;tUk; ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; tUkhdk; kPJ caH thp tPjk;

(30%) gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;fJ>:

- ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;lk; - kJghdk; - Gifapiy - fhg;GWjp> epjpf; Fj;jif kw;Wk; njhlHGila

nraw;ghLfs; cl;gl tq;fpapay; kw;Wk; epjpj;Jiw. - kbiiqh<H!nz<zK!Osju!upr<gz<!kuqIf<k!olik<k!lx<Xl<!

sqz<zjx!uqbiihvl< Vida midj;Jj;JiwfSk; epak tPjkhd 15% tPj

thpf;Fl;gLk;;

(M) thp tpLnjhif tUlnkhd;wpw;F &gh 2.4 kpy;ypadhf

(khjhe;jk; &gh 2>00>000) mjpfhpf;fg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf jdpegH kPJ

gpuNahfpf;fg;glf;$ba tpUj;jpKiw thp ePf;fg;gLk;. mj;Jld;>

kpFjpj; njhifapd; kPJ epak thp tPjkhd 15% tPjk;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;;

133  

(,)Nkw;Fwpg;g;gpl;l thp Kiwik ciof;Fk; nghOJ

nrYj;Jk; thpia nrYj;Jtjw;Fhpa CopaHfSf;Fk; kw;Wk;

RanjhopyhsHfSf;Fk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

(<) Gjpa thp tpLnjhif FWkl;lj;ijf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L>

jdpegHfs;> jHk jhgdq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; epajpr; rl;l tUkhdk;

kw;Wk; thpkjp tUkhdk; vd;gdtw;wpy; ,Ue;J

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fopg;gdTfs; ePf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdpDk;>

tHj;jfk;> tpahghuk;> caHnjhopy; my;yJ tho;f;ifj;njhopy;

vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; el;lq;fs; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;ljhf

fopg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLk;;

(c) gpd;tUtdtw;iwj; jtpHe;j cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lj;jpd;

gphpT 8,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ,yhgq;fs; kPjhd thp tpyf;fspg;G

ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ:

- murhq;f CopaHfSf;F jpul;ba epjpaj;jpy; ,Ue;J

toq;fg;gLk; ,isg;ghw;wy; ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; xa;T+jpaf;

nfhLg;gdTfs;; - ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;gpd; %yk; <l;lg;gLk; me;epar;

nrythzpapyhd ciog;G. mJ ,yq;iff;F

mDg;ggg;gLkhapd; khj;jpuk;; - ntspehl;L Jhjufq;fs; kw;Wk; ,uh[je;jphpfSf;fhd

tpyf;fspg;G; - ,isg;ghwypd; NghJ tpLtpf;fg;gLk; Nrkyhg epjp kPjp. - epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;ljhf njhopy; ,og;G el;l<L

Vida midj;J gzk; kw;Wk; gzky;yhj ed;ikfs

(Copa ed;ikfshf fUjg;gl;lit) thpaw;w tpLnjhifia

tpQ;Rkhapd; tUkhd thpf;Fl;gLk;.

(C) xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l CopajUehpd; fPo; njhopy;GhpAk;

CopaHfspd; mk;Nkyjpf Copa tUkhdk; 15% tPjj;jpy; thp

tpjpg;Gf;Fl;gLk;.

(v) gq;FlikahsH kPjhd thpAk; ,jw;fikthf

rPuhf;fg;gLk;.

(V) jw;NghJ tq;fp my;yJ epjpapy; epWtdq;fspdhy; gz

itg;GfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; tl;b kPJ mwtplg;gLk; 2.5% tPj

epWj;jp itj;jy; thp mfw;wg;gLtJld;> mJ me;egHfspd;

epajpr;rl;l tUkhdkhff; fUjg;gLk;.

(I) rpNu];l gpui[fSf;F(60 tajpw;F Nky;) tq;fp my;yJ epjpapy;

epWtdq;fspdhy; gz itg;Gf;fspd; kPjhd tl;bf;F

toq;fg;gl;l thp tpyf;F khw;wkpd;wpf; fhzg;gLk;

(x) rl;lj;jpd; gphpT 95d; gb ehl;bw;F ntspNaahd

134  

jdpegHfsJ itg;gpy; ,Ue;jhd tl;b tUkhdj;jpd; kPJ 15% tPj epWj;jp itj;jy; thp gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;. vt;thwhapDk; >

,yq;if muRld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,ul;il thp jtpHg;G

xg;ge;jk; xd;W fhzg;gbd; mt;nthg;ge;j tPjk;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii) gphpT 7,d; fPo; rpy mikg;Gf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l thp

tpyf;Ffs; kw;Wk; gphpT 13,d; fPohd gy;ypd thp

tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePf;fg;gLk;.

epWtd hPjpahd thp tpyf;fspg;Gfis mfw;Wjy;:

- rHtNjr epWtdq;fspd; ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;

kPjhd thp tpyf;fspg;G VNjDk; fl;lz mwtPL my;yJ

VNjDk; NtW tifapyhd nghJ kf;fspd; gq;fspg;G

vd;gtw;wpy; ,Ue;J vOk; %yq;fspy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgq;fs;

kw;Wk; tUkhdq;fs; jtpHe;j Vida ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk;

tUkhdj;jpw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.;

- mur jpizf;fsq;fs;> ntspehl;L muRfs;> gy;fiyf;

fofq;fs;> $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fs;> ehzar; rig

cs;slq;fyhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> jHk jhgdq;fs;

(epge;jidfSf;F mika) kw;Wk; mur cjtp ngWk;

ghlrhiyfs; jtpHe;j Vida cs;ehl;L epWtdq;fSf;F

jw;NghJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; thp tpyf;fspg;ghdJ ePf;fg;gLk;.;

hz<zqe!uqzg<gtqh<Hgtqe<!fQg<gz<:

gQp<uVl<!uqzg<gtqh<Hgt<!fQg<gh<hMl<:

- -zr<jgbqEt<! WOkEl<! KjxLgk<jk! fqIli{qg<Gl<!

WOkEl<! okipqz<Lbx<sqobie<xqje! dVuig<Gl<! okipqzqz<!

-Vf<K!yV!NTg<G!wPl<!-zihl<!lx<Xl<!uVliel</!

- VNjDk; xU MSf;F tpisahl;L ikjhdk;> muq;fk;

my;yJ tpisahl;Lg; gy;njhFjp vd;gtw;wpd;

epHthfj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOk; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;.

- ahNjDk; ,yhgq;fSf;F ,ul;il thp tpjpg;G epthuzj;ij

toq;Ffpd;w> ,ul;il thpj; jtpHg;G xg;ge;jj;ij

,yq;iff;Fk; kw;iwa ehl;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy; me;j

kw;iwa ehl;by; nrYj;jj;jF thpapd; kPJ my;yJ

mj;jifa ,yhgq;fs; my;yJ tUkhdj;jpy; mk;kw;iwa

ehl;by; thpiar; nrYj;j Njitaw;w> tYtpy;

nfhz;buhj,yq;iff;F ntspNa ,Ue;J VNjDk; xU

fk;gdp> gq;Flik; my;yJ Ml;fs; FOkk;

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l =yq;fd; vaH yad]; my;yJ

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l kpfpd; yq;fh jdpahH epWtdk;

vd;gtw;wpd; tpNrl Ntz;LNfhSf;F mika mj;jifa

epWtdq;fSf;F ahNjDk; fzzp nkd;nghUs;

135  

gad;gLk; njhlHgpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ahNjDk;

nfhLg;gdtpy; ,Ue;J vOk; ,yhgk; my;yJ tUkhdk;.

- ,yq;ifapy; cs;s VNjDk; JiwKfj;jpDs;> ahNuDk;

Ms; my;yJ gq;Flikahy; VNjDk; tpahghuj;ij

mj;jifa JiwKfj;jpDs;nfhz;L elj;Jk NghJ>

toq;fg;gLk; VNjDk; Nritapy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgk; kw;Wk;

tUkhdk;.

- ,yq;ifapd; VNjDk; JiwKf Kidapd;

nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd VNjDk; njhopy;Kaw;rpapy; ,Ue;J

ahNuDk; MnshUtUf;F vOk; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;.

ngWkjp NrH thp (2002k; Mz;L 14k; ,yf;f ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl;lj; jpUj;jq;fs;)

!

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s xw;iw thp tPjk; fPo;tUkhW 3 thp fl;l

tPjq;fSf;F khw;wg;gLk;.g+[;[pa tPjk;0%> epak tPjk; 8%> caH tPjk;12.5%.

nghUs; Vw;Wkjp;> ntspehl;L ehzaq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ehl;Lf;F

ntspNaahd NritfSf;fhd Vw;ghL– 0%

Nritj;Jiw – 12.5%

h{<mk<!kbiiqh<H!nz<zK!-xg<Glkq!.!8% (8% tPj cs;sPl;L thp

tiuaWj;jYld;)

njhiynjhlHghly; cgfuzq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> nrk;G tlk; cs;slq;fyhf

njhiynjhlHghly; Jiwf;fhd caHnjhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fs; ,wf;Fkjp

nra;jy; njhlu;gpy; jw;NghJ eilKiwapy;; thp tpyf;fspg;G ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw tpahghuk; (jahhpg;ghsH my;yJ ,wf;FkjpahsH

jtpHe;j)ngWkjp NrH thpapy; ,Ue;J jtpHf;fg;gLk;.

FWkl;lhdJ xH fhyhz;Lf;F &gh 3 kpy;ypad; my;yJ xU tUlj;jpw;F &gh

12 kpy;ypadhf kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp [2009k; Mz;L 09k; ,yf;f Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;

thpapd; jpUj;jq;fs;]

3

.

1

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s Njrjijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp 4% tPjkhf

kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

3

.

2

fPo;tUtUk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; njhlHgpy; jw;nfhOJ fhzg;gLk;

tpyf;fspg;Gfs; ePf;fg;gLk;

‐ njhiynjhlHG Nritfs;

‐ kpd;rhu toq;fy;

‐ cuha;T ePf;fp vz;nza;

‐

3

.

jw;NghJs;s FWkl;lk; &gh 3 kpy;ypadhf kPs;jpUj;jg;gLtJld;> cs;ehl;by;

nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l tpw;gidf;F jahHgLj;jg;gLk; tptrha cw;gj;jp

jtpHe;j jw;NghJ Vidatw;Wf;F toq;fg;gl;l tpyf;fspf;fg;gl;l

136  

3 fhyhz;Lf;fhd FWkl;lkhd &gh 25 kpy;ypad; ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gq;Fg; ghptHj;jiz thp [ 2005k; Mz;L 5k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp IIjpUj;jg;gLk;]

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gq;F ghptHj;jiz thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjpa thp [2005k; Mz;L 5k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd;

gFjp III jpUj;jg;gLk;]

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy; cj;juthj epjpaf; thp

ePf;fg;gLk;.

nrhFR kw;Wk; miur; nrhFR thfd thp [1995k; Mz;L 16k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd;

gFjp II jpUj;jg;gLk;]

01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J nrhFR kw;Wk; miur; nrhFR thfd thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;l thp (1988k; Mz;L 40k; ,yf;f ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;l thpj;

jpUj;jq;fs;)

(i) frpNdh fspahl;l tpLjpf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ jw;NghJ nrYj;j Ntz;ba

jdpegUf;fhd EioTf; fl;lzk; mnkhpf;f nlhyH 100 ePf;fg;gLk;.

(ii) &[pNdh tpisahl;L tpahghuj;ijf; nfhz;L elhj;Jifapy; jw;NghJ

tUlnkhd;Wf;fhd tpjpg;gdT &gh 200 kpy;ypad; &gh 5 kpy;ypadhf

Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(iii) frpNdh tpahghuj;ijf; nfhz;L elhj;Jifapy; jw;NghJ tUlnkhd;Wf;fhd

tpjpg;gdT &gh 200 kpy;ypad; &gh 400 kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(iv) ,ilf;fhy tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l xU jilt khj;jpuk;

nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;bapUe;j nfrpNdh ifj;njhopy; tapidr; nrYj;jhik

my;yJ nrYj;j jtWif njhlu;gpy; VNjDk; nraw;ghnlhd;W njhlu;gpy;

mt;tpahghuj;jpd; ,af;Feu;fs; my;yJ gq;Fjhuu;fis jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy;

nghWg;gpd; fPo; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf epjpr; rl;lj;jpidj; jpUj;Jjy

nghUshjhur; Nritf; fl;lzk; [2006k; Mz;L 13k; ,yf;f nghUshjhu Nritf;

fl;lzj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;]

(i) ,yhgkPl;Lk; tpahghuq;fSf;fhd jw;NghJ toq;fg;gl;Ls;s thpj; jtpHg;G

ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(ii) jw;Nghija tUlj;jpw;fhd caHe;jgl;r nghWg;ghd &gh 120 kpy;ypad;

ePf;fg;gLk;.

(iii) thp tPjk; 0.25% tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 0.5% tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(iv) 01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J VNjDk; tUkhd thpf;F vjpuhf vjphPL

nra;ag;gLtjw;fhd nghUshjhu Nritf; fl;lzj;ij Kd;nfhz;L nry;yy;

fhykhdJ 5 tUlq;fspy; ,Ue;J 3 tUlq;fshf Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

137  

[ nghUshjhu Nritfs; fl;lzj;jpd; chpa Vw;ghLfs; jpUj;jg;gLk;.

kJthpj; jPHit

kJghd jahhpg;G mDkjpg;gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; jPHit tPjq;fs; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

kJthpj; (tpNrl jPHitfs;) jPHit

rYiffs; kw;Wk; thpffs; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

Rq;fj; jPHit

jw;Nghija 4 miythpir ,Wg;gdTf; fl;likg;ghd 0%, 7.5%, 15% kw;Wk; 25% vd;gd 0%, 15% kw;Wk; 30% Mf jpUj;jg;gLk;.

fPo; tUk; tplaq;fSf;fhf Rq;fj; jPu;it jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gLk;:

- gPb ,iyfs;> gPb> ijj;j Milfs;> ghjzpfs;> gpaH> itd;> tp];fp kw;Wk;

vjNdhy;

- Tptrha kw;Wk; ghw;gz;iz ifj;njhopw;Jiw ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk;

cgfuzq;fs;>kw;Wk; kPd;gpb tiy

- tpisahl;L cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; rq;fPj cgfuzq;fs;

- cy;yhrj; Njhzp> ftpif tz;b> fly; rWf;fy; cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk;

cy;yhrg; gazg; glFfs;.

kiw gl;baypy; cs;s rpy nghUl;fs; (jiuNahL> ntz;fsp nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

Fspayiw kw;Wk; kyry$l rhjdq;fs;) ;

njd;dhrp ahtpd; Rje;jpu tu;j;jf cld;gbf;ifapy; jPu;it tup tpyf;fspg;G Kjw;fl;lk;

,yq;ifapdhy; 2015 etk;gu; khjk; 21 Me; jpfjp Kjy; G+uzg;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ

njd;dhrp ahtpd; Rje;jpu tu;j;jf cld;gbf;ifapy;,yq;if2015 etk;gu; khjk; 21

Me; jpfjp tiu Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba jPu;it tup tpyf;fspg;G ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;

2015 etk;gu; khjk; 21 Me; jpfjp Kjy; G+uzg;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ

(20 etk;gH 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp ngWk; tifapy; tPj khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;L

chpa tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; ntspaplg;gLk;).

JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lzk; [ 2011k; Mz;L 18k; ,yf;f JiwKf

kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lzr; rl;lj; jpUj;jq;fs;]

(i) JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpf; fl;lzk;; 5% tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 7.5% tPjkhf

mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii) cy;yhrg; gazpfspd; nryT nra;jiy Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F rpy kpd;dpaj;jpudpay; kw;Wk;

kpd;rhug; nghUl;fspd; thp tPjq;fs; 5% ,Ue;J 2.5% tiu Fiwf;fg;gLk;.

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(iii) rpy ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fSf;fhf jw;NghJ gad;ghl;bYs;s 5%ePf;fg;gLk.;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l thp tPj khw;wq;fs; njhlHghd chpa tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy; ntspaplg;gLk;

Rw;WyhmgptpUj;jp thp ePf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld;> N`hl;lfspd; tifg;gLj;jypd; mbg;gilapy;

jPHitnahd;W 1% tPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3% tPjj;jpw;F me;j N`hl;ly;fspd; Gus;tpy; tpjpg;gdT

nra;ag;gLk;.

!

tpNrl EfHTg; gz;lq;fs; thp

cs;ShH ifj;njhopiy Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nghUl;L kPd; kw;Wk; kPd; cw;gj;jpfs;

,wf;Fkjp kPJ tpNrl EfHTg; gz;l thp tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

rpy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l EfHTg;nghUl;fSf;fhd thp tPjk; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l thp tPj khw;wq;fs; njhlHghd chpa tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy;

ntspaplg;gLk;

nr];

nr]; thpia ePf;fy;: ngWkjp NrH nghUl;fspd; Vw;Wkjpia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf

fWth> kpsF> Vyk; kw;Wk; rhjpf;fha; vd;gtw;wpd; ‘Vw;Wkjp nr];’ ePf;fg;gLk;.

nr]; tpjpg;gdT: cs;ehl;L ifj;njhopw;Jiwia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf Mguz

,wf;Fkjp kPJ 10% tPj nr]; thp tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy;

rpy milahsk; fhzg;gl;l %jyPLfSf;fhd fhzp chpik khw;wy; fl;Lg;ghL

ePf;fg;gLk;.

fhzp Fj;jif kPjhd thp ePf;fg;gLk;.

[2014k; Mz;L 38k; ,yf;f fhzp ifafg;gLj;jy; rl;lj;jpd; chpa Vw;ghLfs;

jpUj;jg;gLk;.]

Kj;jpiuj; jPHit [2007k; Mz;L 12k; ,yf;f rl;lj;jpd; (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;)]

139  

(i) cs;ehl;L fld; ml;ilg; gad;ghl;ilf; fUj;jpy;nfhz;L> fld; ml;ilg;

gad;ghL kPjhd jw;Nghija 1.5% Kj;jpiuj; jPHit (xt;nthU &gh 1000w;Fk;

my;yJ mjd; gFjpf;F &gh 15/-) ePf;fg;gLk;.

(ii) ntspehl;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fld; ml;ilg; gad;ghL kPjhd Kj;jpiuj;

jPHit (xt;nthU &gh 1000w;Fk; my;yJ mjd; gFjpf;F &gh 25/-) 2.5%tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(iii) 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J ‘gq;Fr; rhd;wpjo;’ tpyf;fspf;fg;gLk;.

[ chpa thp tPj khw;wq;fs; tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypy; ntspaplg;gLk;; 01 [dthp 2016k;

jpfjp my;yJ mjw;F gpd;dH gpuNahfpf;fg;gLkhW chpa thp tPj khw;wq;fs; tHj;jkhdp

mwptpj;jypy; ntspaplg;gLk;]

khspif thp [ 2015k; Mz;bd; 10k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp VIII jpUj;jg;gLk;]

(i) $l;lhjd myFfs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fj;jF khspif thp mfw;wg;gLk;.

khspif thpapd; Kjyhk; jtizf; fl;lzk; 31 khHr; 2016k; jpfjpf;F Kd;dH

nrYj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

[2015k; Mz;bd; 10k; ,yf;f epjpr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp VIII jpUj;jg;gLk;]

njhiyj;njhlHghly; tpjpg;gdTfs;

(i) cs;tUk; miog;Gfs; kPjhd rHtNjr njhiyj;njhlHghly; ,af;FdHfs;

tpjpg;gdTfs; If;fpa mnkhhpf;f nlhyH 9 ,y; ,Ue;J If;fpa mnkhhpf;f

nlhyH 12Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(ii) xU njhiynjhlHG NfhGunkhd;Wf;F tUlnkhd;wpw;F & 50>000/-Rw;whly; fl;lzk; mwtplg;gLk;.

(iii) midj;J njhiynjhlHG gad;ghl;bYk; xsp miyf; fl;lisf; fl;lzk; 10%tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(iv) rHtNjr njhiynjhlHG ghptHj;jid miog;Gf; fl;lzkhd 2% tPj nr];

fl;lzk; tpyf;fspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

(v) Nfgps; njhiyf;fhl;rpf; fl;lzk; 30% tPjkhf kPs;jpUj;jg;gl;lJ.

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp ngWk;.

Vida tpjpg;gdTfSk;; fl;lzq;fSk;

(i) gPb jahhpg;Gf;fhd mDkjpg; gj;jpuf; fl;lzk; &gh 1,500/- ,Ue;J

140  

&gh 5,000/-khf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii) tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J ntspNaWif fl;lzk; I.mnk.nlhyH 25

,Ue;J I.m.nlh 30-Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(iii) xx

flTr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk; kPs;Nehf;fg;gLk;.

- xU ehs; Nrit – taJ te;jtH &gh 10,000/- - xU ehs; Nrit – rpWtH - &gh 5,000/- - toikahd Nrit – taJ te;jtH &gh 3,000/- - toikahd Nrit – rpWtH &gh 2,000/-

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp ngWk;.

(iv) ,ul;ilg; gpu[hThpikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tpz;zg;gf; fl;lzk;

&gh 250>000 ,Ue;J &gh 300>000khf mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJld;> rhHf;

(SAARC) ehLfSf;fhd tprh fl;lzk; I.mnk.nlhyH 10 ,Ue;J

I.m.nlh 20Mf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(v) ntspehl;L KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ntspehl;ltHfSf;F Gjpa

tjptpl tPrh fllzk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;:

- 3 tUl fhyj;jpw;fhd tjptpl tPrh fl;lzk; I.m.nlhyH 250>000

kpy;ypad; MFk;. kw;Wk; - epue;ju jq;Fkpl tPrh fl;lzk; I.m.nlhyH 5 kpy;ypad; MFk;.

(vi) fk;gdp gjpTf; fl;lzk;: fk;gdp gjpthsH jpizf;fsj;jpy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l xt;nthU fk;gdpAk; tUlhe;j mDkjpg;gj;jpuf;

fl;lzj;jpw;Fl;gLtJld;> ,f;nfhLg;gdT fk;gdp gjpthsH

ehafj;jpw;F nrYj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

- jdpahH fk;gdp &gh 60>000

- gl;bayplg;gl;l nghJf; fk;gdp &gh 500>000

- Vidait &gh 100>000

( ,af;fj;jpy; ,y;yhj fk;gdpfs; cl;gl) kw;Wk;

(vii) fk;gdp gjpTf; fl;lzk;: 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjp

ngWk; tifapy; jw;Nghija tPjk; kPs;jpUj;jg;gLk;.

(viii) fk;gdpapd; Ra fiyg;G : fk;gdpapd; Ra fiyg;gpd; kPJ &gh 250>000

tpjpg;gdT Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

(ix) chpa cs;Shuhl;rp rigfspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l midj;J tpahghu

epWtdq;fSf;Fk; tUlhe;j ngaustpyhd fl;lzk; &gh 100

tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

141  

(x) kpifthp: VyNt 40% tPjk; tUkhd thp tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j

Gifapiy> kJghdk; kw;Wk; ge;jak; kw;Wk; #jhl;lk; tpahghuj;jpy;

,Ue;J tUk; ,yhgj;jpd; kPjhd tUkhd thpg; nghWg;gpd; kPJ 25%kpifthp 01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;Fk; VNjDk; thp

kjpg;ghz;by; ,Ue;J tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

(xi) tPjp tpgj;JfSf;fhd mguhjf; fl;lzk;: tPjp tpgj;Jfs; njhlHgpy;

tPjp tpgj;Jf;F nghWg;ghd egH kPJ &gh 10>000 mguhjf; fl;lzk;

tpjpf;fg;gLk;. mj;Jld; mur clikf;F (ahNjDk;) Nrjk;

tpistpj;jpUg;gpd; mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gLjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

(xii) thfd kjpg;gPl;Lr; rhd;wpjo; fl;lzk;: 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy;

,Ue;J>epjp trjpaspj;jYf;fhd kjpg;gPl;Lr; rhd;wpjiog;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd fl;lzk;

- Kr;rf;fu tz;b/ Nkhl;lhH irf;fpy; - &gh 5>000/- - Vida thfdq;fs; - &gh 25>000/-

(xiii) gjpTnra;ag;glhj thfdq;fis 31.03.2016k; jpfjpf;F Kd;dH

gjpTnra;tjw;F: mj;jifa thfdq;fis Nkhl;lhH Nghf;Ftuj;J

jpizf;fsj;jpw;F fPo;tUk; tifapy; nfhLg;gdT nra;tjd; %yk;

gjpTnra;a KbAk;.

- fhH/Ntd; - &gh 1 kpy;ypad; - Vida thfdq;fs; - &gh 0.75 kpy;ypad;

(xiv) thfd chpik toq;fy; fl;lzk;: Nkhl;lhH thfd ,wf;FkjpahsH; gjpTf; fl;lzj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J

mKYf;F tUk; tifapy;> fld;tuT Mtzj;ijg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;dH> cs;ehl;L MizahsH ehafj;jpw;F

fl;lznkhd;W gpd;tUk; tPjq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

tif thfdj;jpw;fhd fl;lzk;

- Kr;rf;fu tz;b/ Nkhl;lhH irf;fpy; - &gh 2>000/- - Vida thfdq;fs; - &gh 15>000/-

(xv) ,yf;fj; jfl;il VynkLj;jy;: jdpj;Jtkhd tho;ehs;

KOtjw;Fkhd ,yf;fj;jfl;Lf;fhd xNu Kiwf; fl;lzk; &gh 2.50

kpy;ypad;.

(xvi) thfdg; Gif thp –

3 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; goiktha;e;j xt;nthU thfdj;jpd; tUlhe;j

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ijg; GJg;gpj;jypd; NghJ gpuNjr nrayfj;jpy; &gh

5000 nrYj;jj;jf;fjhFk;.

(xvii) 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjp Kjy; Nkhl;lhH thfd mDkjpg;gj;jpuf;

fl;lzk; kPs; jpUj;jg;gLk;.

142  

(xviii) ijj;j Milfs; kw;Wk; ghjzp kPJ ,wf;Fkjp thpfs;

(i) Vw;WkjprhH fk;gdpfs; (ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl;lj;jpd; gphpT

22(1)it ghHf;f) %yk; cs;ShH re;ijfSf;F tpw;gid

nra;ag;gLk; ijj;j Milfs; kPJ Rq;f thapypy; jw;NghJ

tpjpf;fg;gLk; ,ize;j thp Jz;nlhz;wpw;F &gh 200/- Mf

mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

(ii) Vw;WkjprhH fk;gdpfs; %yk; cs;ShH re;ijfSf;F

tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; ghjzp kPJk; mNj tPjk;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;.

(iii) Jzp kw;Wk; ntl;Lj; JzpfSf;F jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk;

tpw;gid tPjk; mt;tpjNk fhzg;gLk;.

(iv) Vw;Wkjp rhH KjyPl;Lr; rig fk;gdpfspdhy; cs;ShH

re;ijfSf;fhd Vw;Wkjpj; juj;jpyhd nghUl;fspd;

tpw;gdTthdJ nkhj;j tpw;gdtpy; 5% tPjj;jpw;F

tiuaWf;fg;gLtJld;> NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l thp tPj

tplaj;jpw;Fl;gLk;.

(xix) tpkhd gazpnahUtUf;F rHtNjr tpkhdr; rPl;L tpw;gidapd; NghJ

tpkhdr; Nrit kPJ I.m.nlhyH 2 tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

njhopy;El;g jtWiffisj; jpUj;JjYk; kw;Wk; epHthf Vw;ghLfSk;

2006Mk; Mz;L 10k; ,yf;f cs;ehl;L ,iwthpr; rl;lk;> 2002Mk; Mz;L 14k; ,yf;f

ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl;lk;> 2009Mk; Mz;L 9k; ,yf;f Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thpr;

rl;lk;> 2006Mk; Mz;L 13k; ,yf;f nghUshjhu Nritfs; fl;lzr; rl;lk;> epjp kw;Wk;

epjp (jpUj;jk;) rl;lq;fs;> 1988Mk; Mz;L ge;ja kw;Wk; #jhl;l thpr; rl;lk;> 2010Mk;

Mz;L 16k; ,yf;f jtWifapy; cs;s thp (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) rl;lk;> 2011Mk; Mz;L

21k; ,yf;f njhiyj;njhlHG mwtPl;Lr; rl;lk;> 2011Mk; Mz;L 18k; ,yf;f JiwKf

kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jp mwtPl;Lr; rl;lk;> 2011Mk; Mz;L 23k; ,yf;f thp

Nkd;KiwaPl;L Mizf;FOr; rl;lk;> 1969k; Mz;bd; 1k; ,yf;f ,wf;Fkjpfs; kw;Wk;

Vw;Wkjpfs; (fl;Lg;ghl;L) rl;lk;> 2014k; Mz;L 38k; ,yf;f fhzp ( ghuhjPdg;gLj;jy;

kPjhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;) 2008Mk; Mz;L 14k; ,yf;f cghakhHf;f mgptpUj;jpf;

fUj;jpl;lr; rl;lk; Nghd;w rl;lq;fspd; njhlHGila Vw;ghLfspy; cs;s njsptpd;ikfs;

kw;Wk; vjpHghuh tpisTfs; (nkhopngaHg;G NtWghLfs; cl;gl) Kjypatw;iw

rhpnra;tjw;Fk; ,iwthp epHthfj;ij rPuhf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk; mtrpakhd jpUj;jq;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Kd;nkhopTfspd; gad;tYj; jpdq;fs;

NtW tiffspy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy vdpy; Kd;nkhopTfs; fPNo cs;sthW

nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;:-

tUkhd thp kw;Wk; nghUshjhur; Nritfs; fl;lzk; 2016 Vg;gpuy; 1k; jpfjpapy;

,Ue;J gaDWjpngWk;.

ngWkjp NrH thp> Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp>ge;jak; kw;Wk; #jhl;l thp

kw;Wk; fhzp (ghuhjPdg;gLj;jy; kPjhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;) 2016 Idthp 1k;

jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J gaDWjpngWk;.

nr];> JiwKf kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jp mwtPL> Rq;fj; jPHit>

cw;gj;jpj; jPHit (tpNrl Vw;ghLfs;) kw;Wk; tpNrl EfHTg; nghUs; mwtPL

vd;gd cldbahf mKYf;F tUk;.

143