GSM Vs CDMA
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Transcript of GSM Vs CDMA
NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GSM & CDMA Technology Comparison
K. ManojWireless Networks
GSM CDMA Assessment - 2NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Technology Comparison Topics
• Global Technology Coverage Footprint
• GSM Highlights
• CDMA Highlights
• Comparative Assessment– Regulatory and Spectrum– Target and Competitive Market– Infrastructure and Terminal Capabilities and Cost– Features and Supplementary Services Comparisons– Data growth in Asia– 3G Evolution
• GSM-CDMA Roaming
• Conclusions
GSM CDMA Assessment - 3NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Ou
tsid
eC
amp
us
Fixed
Walk
Vehicle
Wit
hin
Cam
pu
s
Fixed/Desktop
Walk
MobilityType
1XE
V-D
O + U
MT
SE
DG
E 802.11a/g Wired LAN
802.11b
The Wireless Access Landscape
Mbps1 11 100+0.1cd
ma2000 1xR
TT
GS
M G
PR
S
54Throughput
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)• Only Works On Licensed Wireless Spectrum • Large Metro/Geographical Coverage Areas• Ubiquitous Public Connectivity• “Always On” Wireless Data Services
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)• Works On Non-Licensed Spectrum• Only Provides Localized Coverage• For Public or Private “Hotspots”• Inexpensive Network Equipment
GSM CDMA Assessment - 4NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Global Technology Coverage
CDMA 200056 Networks in 29 CountriesOver 51 Million Subscribers
Subs growth 3.8 million/month
CDMA 2000CDMA 200056 Networks in 29 CountriesOver 51 Million Subscribers
Subs growth 3.8 million/month
GSM197 Countries / Areas
Over 863 Million Subscribers 70% of World Wireless Market
72% of World Digital Market
GSMGSM197 Countries / Areas
Over 863 Million Subscribers 70% of World Wireless Market
72% of World Digital Market
GSM CDMA Assessment - 5NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
2Mbps384kbps114kbps
TDMA850
CDMA1xRTT
CDMA1xEV-DV
UMTSTDMA
1900
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
1900
CDMAIS-95
CDMA1xEV-DO
HSDPA??
~5 Mbps
Evolved DV ???
?
?
Technology Evolution Paths
Global operators making 3G migration decisions today
OFDM??
GSM CDMA Assessment - 6NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Technology Tension –There is a answer!
Lo
Mob
ility
Bandwidth
Hi
Hi
100Base-TT-1 10Base-T
CDPDGSM /GPRS
Edgecdma2000
1xEV-DO / UMTS
802.11a/HiperLAN2
Bluetooth802.11b
Dial-Up
Mobility optimized
Bandwidthoptimized
Leading
TheEdge
The Future:fully mobile hi bandwidth
TrueMobile
Multimedia
Mobility/bandwidthcompromise
Broadband
GSM CDMA Assessment - 7NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GSM Highlights
• Global Roaming– Mature, world-proven and open standard– Top technology throughout the world; half a billion
customers worldwide
• Wide Terminal Selection– Close to 70% of the wireless market worldwide
• End user services– Well defined standards for core networking and services
GSM CDMA Assessment - 8NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GSM / GPRS Architecture
BSC
GSM MSC
CCS7
Internet
Intranet
Circuit V
oice
Shasta 5000GGSN
Core Network
AAA, DNS, DHCP Servers
Packet Data
HLR
PCU
SGSN
SIG
GSM CDMA Assessment - 9NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GSM Capacity Solutions
• These CAPEX minimizing solutions are available to GSM operators today:– frequency hopping, – Reduced interference, – power control and– discontinuous transmission (DTX).
• In addition to providing standard GSM features Nortel Networks offers unique features such as:– Fractional Frequency Reuse, – Uplink Interference Cancellation, – Concentric Cells– Automatic Cell Tiering– AMR
GSM CDMA Assessment - 10NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Time
Th
rou
gh
pu
t
Mobility
3G
High speed data/Capacity
Per service and user QOS
2.5G2.5G
Always on Packet dataValidate business models
Data only114 kbps EDGEEDGE
2G
Digital voice, CS data, Fax
GSMGSM
UMTSUMTS
GPRSGPRS
GSM Evolution Paths
Data only 473 kbps
2Mbps
GSM CDMA Assessment - 11NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GSM evolution
• GSM players have a choice in evolution technologies– GPRS is a 2.5G solution, with peak speeds of 114kbps.
GPRS is a data-only system that will deliver lower capexcosts.
– EDGE is data-only system today, – W-CDMA and EDGE have the same backbone protocols,
leaving air interface the main technical difference between the two technologies.
Note: GPRS & EDGE do not increase voice capacity
GSM CDMA Assessment - 12NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GPRS data services
• All base applications are supported by GPRS, however it is better suited for the following type of apps:
• Suitable for short but frequent traffic generated by e-mail, MMS and UMS services. – higher raw data rate & requires less set-up time than SMS
• Suitable for Downloads & Uploads– GPRS can accommodate large file transfers efficiently by
theoretically concatenating up to eight radio time slots normally shared among multiple users
GSM CDMA Assessment - 13NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
GPRS Data Rate Constraints
• Limited Cell Capacity for All Users
• Limited available bandwidth due to terminal constraints
• Sub optimal Modulation
• Transit Delays
• No Store and Forward
• Terminal constraints
GPRS Speeds Much Lower in Reality…Nortel Networks provides Industry Best Throughputs at
42kbps with 4+1 mobiles
GSM CDMA Assessment - 14NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
EDGE Evolution
Ø Up to 3x data throughput for equal trafficGPRS
EDGE
GPRS
EDGE
Ø Up to 6.5x traffic for same bandwidth (15 kbps/slot)
DataThroughput
User Capacity
Equal Traffic ModelIncrease Revenue
Equal QoS ModelReduce Capex
HTTP traffic model UMTS 30.03, 4/12 TRX
Or
Significantly improves GPRS PerformanceSignificantly improves GPRS Performanceleveraging existing spectrum and existing Networkleveraging existing spectrum and existing Network
More Users with more Throughput
Ø Peak Throughput of 473kbps - Average Throughput 240 kbpsØ 3 x GPRS Throughput or 6.5 x GPRS traffic, or bit of both
GSM CDMA Assessment - 15NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
CDMA2000 1X Highlights
• Increase Voice Capacity and Spectral Efficiency– Over 2x increase in spectral efficiency over GSM– Offers 163.2 kbps data in Rel 0
• Introduce packet data– No additional carrier / radio for data
• Evolution to 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV– In the same carrier bandwidth offers upto 2.4 Mbps data
• Mobile IP
GSM CDMA Assessment - 16NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
cdma2000 Architecture
DMS-MTX
Internet
Intranet
Circuit V
oice
Shasta 5000PDSN
Core Network
AAA, DNS, DHCP Servers
Packet Data
BSC
CCS7
HLR
GSM CDMA Assessment - 17NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
CDMA2000 1X features
• IS-95/IS-2000 technical standard improvement include:– Fast forward-link power control and variable power control
step sizes– Reverse link pilot– Quick paging channel– Dynamic threshold soft handoff– Supplemental channels– Enhanced Variable-rate Codec (EVRC) and Selectable
Mode Vocoder (SMV)
GSM CDMA Assessment - 18NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
CDMA2000 Data Rates
• CDMA2000 provides Efficient Packet Throughput– Over 150 kbps ADT per sector per 1.25 MHz– Over 600 kbps ADT per sector with EV-DO
• Radio Resource Management algorithm for optimal sharing of capacity– Between voice and data users and amongst data users– Amongst IP applications
GSM CDMA Assessment - 19NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Time
Th
rou
gh
pu
t
Mobility
3G
High speed data/Capacity
Per service and user QOS
2.5G2.5G
Always on Packet dataValidate business models
153 kbps EVEV--DODO
2G
Digital voice, CS data, Fax
ISIS--9595
EVEV--DVDV
1xRTT1xRTT
CDMA Evolution Paths
2.4 Mbps
3 Mbps
GSM CDMA Assessment - 20NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
1xRTT/1xEV Network Architecture
1xRTT BTS1xEV-DO AP BSC
1xRTT BTS1xEV-DO AP
PDSN
MSC
PDN
PSTNCircuit Voice & Data World
Packet DataWorld
PDSN AAAServer
Carrier IP Internet
Nortel Networks 1xRTT Network
• Add 1xEV-DO Module (DOM) to Metro Cell – Multiple T1/E1 & Ethernet backhaul to support high speed data services– Share GPS receiver & antenna, MFRM, radio antenna, duplexer with
Metrocell
• Add 1xEV-DO Radio Network Controller (DO-RNC)– Co-located with BSC– Interface with PDSN via open R-P, share core network elements (I.e.
PDSN AAA server) with 1xRTT network
• Add 1xEV-DO OAMP (DO-EMS)– Co-located with BSC
• AN-AAA – device level authentication
1xRTT Backhaul
Metrocell BTS & 1xEV-DO AP
1xEV-DOModule (DOM)
1xEV DO Backhaul
1xEV-DOEMS
1xEV-DORNC
AN-AAAOptional
NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Comparative Assessment CDMA2000 1X & GSM
GSM CDMA Assessment - 22NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Regulatory and Spectrum
• Operators have to follow country specific telecom policies– Regulatory and license requirements may call for specific
technology deployments– India under mobility license now allows CDMA and GSM for
Cellular services licenses– Western Europe only allows GSM and UMTS for mobile services
evolution– North America allows any technology under the banner of
cellular and PCS services.
• Spectrum availability may allow or restrict specific technology choices– GSM is available at 450, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz bands– CDMA is available at 450, 800 and 1900, 2100 MHz bands– Availability of proper and clean unused spectrum varies country-
by-country
GSM CDMA Assessment - 23NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Competitive Landscape
• Operator business case ultimately dictates technology choice• Top line revenue growth dependent on number of players in the
market with a particular technology– India has 2-5 GSM operators in every market– India has 1-3 CDMA players in different markets
• Different technology may offer some feature and branding differentiators to improve ARPU– GSM may offer global roaming, high end services and a global and
regional coverage lead over CDMA– CDMA may offer a better voice quality or service set for mass market
applications• Bottom-line costs may vary based on subscriber and services growth
expected– Number of vendors offering infrastructure, mobiles and OEM equipment
varies – GSM has larger number of vendors than CDMA– Mobile costs depends upon type of mobiles and number of players –
CDMA slightly lags behind GSM/GPRS in pricing and offerings• Vendor relationships help in meeting business requirements
GSM CDMA Assessment - 24NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
CDMA 2000 1x GSM
1x vs. GSM Link Budget
• Reverse Link limited
• MS Tx Power 23dBm
• Depends on Traffic
• Benefits from Asymmetrical Data Rate
• Benefits from Soft Handover
• No Microcellular deployment
• Reverse or Forward Link limited
• MS Tx Power 33dBm
• Independent on Traffic
• No Benefit from Asymmetrical Data Rate
• No Soft Handover
• Microcellular hotspot deployment
GSM CDMA Assessment - 25NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Infrastructure Costs
• Core Network costs at par with similar voice and data switching requirements on both technologies
• CDMA 1x Data exhibits a 2 dB advantage over GPRS and Voice exhibits up to 8 dB advantage in critical uplink. – In a voice and data mixed service deployment, CDMA still reduces the
cell site requirements– Both technology face similar coverage issues due to urban terrain.
Difference in urban deployment is reduced.
• Spectral efficiency in GSM provides:– Up to 40 Erlangs/sector with 5MHz spectrum with full rate vocoder– Additional capacity can be gained by Microcellular underlay
deployments to cover hotspots.– The use of AMR Half Rate codec modes allows for an increased Erlang
level per radio delaying the need for additional equipment on the network.
• Spectral efficiency in CDMA2000 1X provides:– Up to 104 Erlangs/sector with 5MHz spectrum and MCTA
GSM CDMA Assessment - 26NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Mobile Capabilities
• Ease of subscriber provisioning– Use of SIM cards in GSM is a huge advantage to service
provider for easy & fast provisioning of subscribers– CDMA “R-UIM” is in testing/trial stages
• Limited number of mobiles are being introduced in the market• No change to infrastructure to introduce R-UIM
• GSM provides for global roaming, a well defined migration path and a wide availability of terminals– GSM adopted IMSI and other standard procedures for
international roaming quite early– CDMA networks started with same MIN/MDN, then MIN/
MDN separation features were adopted and slowly migrating to IMSI based network for international roaming
GSM CDMA Assessment - 27NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Terminal costs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
End01 Mid02 End02 Mid03 End 03 Mid04 End04 Mid05 End05
Edge L
UMTS H
1X PC
1X L
1X H
UMTS PC
EVDO H
GPRS PC
GSM / GPRS H
UMTS L
GSM/ GPRS L
EVDO PC
H: High End Data-Centric deviceL: Low end Voice-CentricPC: PC Card
Edge H
GSM CDMA Assessment - 28NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Feature Comparison
Under discussions
üInternational Roaming
üüOperator Thru-Connect
üüCalling Number Display
üüConference Call
üüCall Waiting
üüWAP
üüSMS Information Services
üüSMS Receptionist (Pager) Service
üüSMS MO & MT
ü
(CSD – 14.4 kbps)
1xRTT – up to 150 kbps
ü
CSD – 9.6 & 14.4 kbps
GPRS – 20-40 kbps)
Fax & Data
üüVoicemail
CDMAGSMFEATURE
GSM CDMA Assessment - 29NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Voice Quality Considerations
• Channel Quality– Target FER of cdma2000 networks is an input to the RF design process which
depends on both coverage and capacity– GSM channel quality is an output of the design process mainly based on link
budget based coverage
• AMR in GSM– Handover mechanisms between the 2 modes (AMR HR, AMR FR)– Real-time Adaptation of (Source, Channel) to the radio channel quality (C/I)– The AMR vocoder can be operated in eight different couple of speech coding and
channel modes
• SMV in CDMA2000– Mode 0, which produces same average data rate as the current EVRC, but with
improved voice quality– Mode 1, which produces the same voice quality as EVRC but at a significantly
reduced average data rate– Modes 2-3, maximise system capacity through ultra-low data rates.
• SMV may offer better background noise surpression than AMR
GSM CDMA Assessment - 30NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
SMS features
• GSM has feature-rich SMS capabilities– Support of 160 alphanumeric characters– Well defined cell-broadcast for SMS broadcast
• CDMA has various types of SMS with use of traffic and control channels– SMS-MO using access channel supports 69 characters
and SMS-MT using paging channel supports 135 characters
– SMS MO/MT using TCH supports 225 characters– SMS broadcast defined but no mobiles available to support
the same
GSM CDMA Assessment - 31NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Other Services
• GSM leads in providing clear standards definition for providing Value Added Services
• Multiparty calls– GSM-MAP defines up to 6-party multi party calls– IS-664 defines only 3-way call as a conferencing facility in IS-41/CDMA
networks
• CUG groups– GSM networks have basic switch based CUG available– IS-664 doesn’t define any inherent CUG feature for CDMA networks,
use of IN mandatory for service
• Charging Supplementary Service– GSM supports Advice Of Charge (AoC) for instant billing functions– IS-848 AoC was defined at a later stage and most of vendors still don’t
support it on CDMA systems
GSM CDMA Assessment - 32NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Data and 3G In Asia
GPRSSaigon Postel (Viet Nam)
CDMA 2000 plannedEBT (Taiwan)
CDMA2000BFKT (Thailand)
CDMA2000Reliance (India)
GPRSBharti (India)
CDMA CSD, CDMA 2000 (Trial)Hutchison (Hong Kong)
PDCJ-Phone (Japan)
PDC (1500), UMTSNTT DoCoMo (Japan)
CDMA 2000KDDI (Japan)
GSM CSD, GPRS, CDMA CSD (MVNO)Optus (Australia)
CDMA 1XRTTSK Tel, KT Freetel (Korea)
CDMA 1xRTT (Trial)Hutchison (HK)
GSM CSD, GPRSSingtel, Starhub , MobileOne (Singapore)
GSM CSD, GPRS, CDMA 1XRTT (trial)China Unicom
GSM CSD, GPRS, UMTS (Planned)Sunday, SmarTone, Peoples, PCCW (Hong Kong)
CDMA CSD, UMTS (Planned)Hutchison (Australia)
GSM CSD, GPRS, CDMA CSD, CDMA 1xRTT (Trial)Telstra (Australia)
Data In Service TodayService Provider
GSM CDMA Assessment - 33NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Overall Comparison
+--++Spectrum cost
++-+Roaming with Asia
--
++
++++
++++
++UMTS
+++++Standards Availability
++Inter-working with AMPS
++++Roaming with America
++-Roaming with Europe
+++++Evolution to Higher Data Rates
+++Voice Quality
++++Spectral Efficiency
+++++Terminal Availability
+++++Number of Infrastructure Vendors
GSMCDMA 1x
GSM CDMA Assessment - 34NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Application Demands Changing
1xEV-DO / UMTS
Wir
eles
s D
ata
Ser
vice
Mat
urity
Infras
tructu
re Fo
cus
App
licatio
ns Fo
cus
Mobile Messaging:•E-mail•Intranet/Extranet
Personalized Services:•Infotainment: BREW and Java Downloads•Instant Messaging/MMS/PTT•Location Based Services
Simple•Internet Browsing (WAP)•Text Messaging (SMS))
Mobile Multimedia:• Video Telephony• Video Messaging / Streaming• Network Gaming• VoIP/Video Conferencing
Enhanced Capability and End User Experience
GSM / GPRS /1X