ĠSKELET VE KAS SĠSTEMĠ Dr. Güvenç GÖRGÜLÜ · PDF fileAnterior...
Transcript of ĠSKELET VE KAS SĠSTEMĠ Dr. Güvenç GÖRGÜLÜ · PDF fileAnterior...
Dr. Güvenç GÖRGÜLÜ ĠSKELET VE KAS SĠSTEMĠ
Median yada mid-sagittal
Sagittal yada paramedian
Koronal yada frontal
Transvers yada yatay
Anatomik Terimler: düzlemler
Anatomik Terimler:Lokasyon(Konumlandırma)
1. Kranial - kafaya doğru
2. Kaudal – ayaklara doğru
3. Medial – ortaya doğru
4. Lateral – kenardan yada kenara doğru
5. Proksimal – ekstremitelerin (kol ve
bacaklar) bağlantı yerlerine doğru
6. Distal – ekstermeitelerde parmaklara doğru
7. Süperior - yukarı
8. Ġnferior - aşağı
9. Anterior – önden / öne doğru
10. Posterior – arkadan / arkaya doğru
11. Periferal – yüzeye doğru
12. Palmer – avuç içi / içine doğru
13. Plantar – ayak taban içi / içine doğru
1. Lateral rotasyon 2. medial rotasyon 3. Supinasyon 4. Pronasyon 5. Eversiyon 6. İnversiyon 7. Adduksiyon 8. Abduksiyon
1. Kafatası
2. Mandibula
3. Hiyoid Kemik
4. Servikal Omurlar
5. Klavikula
6. Sternum
7. Kostal Kıkırdak
8. Kosta (Kaburga)
9. Skapula
10. Humerus
11. Radius
12. Ulna
13. Karpal Kemikler
14. Metakarpal Kemikler
15. El parmak kemikleri
16. Göğüs omurları
17. Bel Omurları
18. Sakrum
19. Os Koksa (İleum-İschium-Pubis)
20. Femur
21. Patella
22. Tibia
23. Fibula
24. Tarsal Kemikler
25. Metatarsal Kemikler
26. Ayak parmak kemikleri
1. Frontal Kemik
2. Supra-Orbital Foramen
3. Orbit (Orbital Boşluk)
4. Superior Orbital Yarık
5. Inferior Orbital Yarık
6. Zygomatic Kemik
7. Infra-Orbital Açıklık
8. Maksilla
9. Mandibula
10. Mental Açıklık
11. Insisif Çukur
12. Simfisis
13. Vomer
14. Inferior Nazal Boynuzcuk
15. Orta Nazal Boynuzcuk
16. Etmoid Kemik
17. Nazal Kemik
18. Lakrimal Kemik
Kafatası Önden Görünüş
1. Parietal Kemik
2. Koronal Sutur
3. Frontal Kemik
4. Nasal Kemik
5. Vomer
6. Lacrimal Kemik
7. Ethmoid (orbital kısmı)
8. Zigomatic Kemik
9. Maksilla
10. Mandibulanın gövdesi
11. Mandibular Ramus
12. Koronoid Uzantı
13. Mandibular Kondil
14. Mental Açıklık
15. Stiloid Uzantı
16. Eksternal Acoustic Meatus
17. Mastoid Uzantı
18. Zigomatik Uzantı
19. Temporal Kemik
20. Greater Wing of Sfenoid
21. Inferior Temporal Çizgi
22. Superior Temporal Çizgi
23. Skuamozal Sutur
24. Lambdoidal Sutur
25. Oksipital Kemik
Lateral (Yandan) Görünüş
1. Parietal Kemik
2. Sagital Sutur
3. Lambdoid Sutur
4. Oksipital Kemik
5. Eksternal Oksipital Protruberans
6. Superior Nuchal Line
7. Inferior Nuchal Line
Arka/Üstten Görünüş
1. Oksipital Kemik
2. Lambdoidal Sütür
3. Parietal Kemik
4. Sagittal Sütür
5. Koronal Sütür
6. Frontal Kemik
Üstten Görünüş
1. Anterior Palatine Foramen
2. Palatine Process of Maxilla
3. Palatine (Damak)
4. Greater Palatine Foramen
5. Lesser Palatine Foramen
6. Pterygoid Processes of Sphenoid
7. Zygomatic Process (Uzantı)
8. Squamous Part of Temporal Bone
9. Mandibular Fossa
10. Styloid Process
11. Stylomastoid Foramen
12. Mastoid Process
13. Mastoid Foramen
14. Superior Nuchal Line
15. External Occipital Protruberance
16. Median Nuchal Line
17. Inferior Nuchal Line
18. Foramen Magnum (Büyük Açıklık)
19. Condyloid Canal
20. Occipital Condyle
21. Hypoglossal Canal
22. Jugular Foramen
23. Karotid Kanal (Beyin atardamarı için)
24. Foramen Spinosum
25. Foramen Ovale
26. Foramen Lacerum
27. Vomer
28. Transverse Palatine Suture
29. Median Palatine Suture
Kafatası (alttan)
Fetal Skull
1. Future Coronal Suture
2. Anterior Fontanel
3. Anterolateral Fontanel
4. Future Squamosal Suture
5. Posterolateral Fontanel
6. Future Lamdoidal Suture
7. External Acoustic Meatus
8. Future Sagittal Suture
9. Posterior Fontanel
1. Mandibular Condyle
2. Mandibular Notch
3. Coronoid Process
4. Ramus
5. Angle
6. Oblique Line
7. Body
8. Alveolar Process
9. Mental Foramen
10. Mylohyoid Line
11. Mandibular Foramen
Mandibula
OMURGA (ÖNDEN GÖRÜNÜM)
OMURGA (Profilden:Yandan)
Cervical (Boyun)
omurlar
Thoracic (Göğüs)
omurlar
Lumbar (Bel)
omurlar
Sacral (Sağrı)
omurlar
Coccyx (Kuyruk sokumu)
omurlar
OMURĠLĠK
GÖĞÜS KAFESĠ
EKLEMLER
EL KEMĠKLERĠ
AYAK KEMĠKLERĠ
AYAK (Plantar)
1. Superior Articular Surface
2. Transverse Foramen
3. Transverse Process
4. Odontoid (Dens) Facet
5. Vertebral Foramen
6. Inferior Articular Surface
Atlas
1. Spinous Process
2. Lamina
3. Transverse Process
4. Pedicle
5. Superior Articular Surface
6. Odontoid Process (Dens)
7. Body
8. Vertebral Foramen
9. Inferior Articular Surface
Axis
1. Spinous Process
2. Lamina
3. Superior Articular Surface
4. Transverse Foramen
5. Transverse Process
6. Body
7. Pedicle
8. Vertebral Foramen
Cervical (C3 - C7)
1. Spinous Process
2. Lamina
3. Superior Articular Surface
4. Transverse Process
5. Pedicle
6. Body
7. Vertebral Foramen
8. Articular Facet for Rib
9. Inferior Articular Surface
Thoracic
1. Spinous Process
2. Lamina
3. Superior Articular Surface
4. Transverse Process
5. Pedicle
6. Body
7. Vertebral Foramen
8. Inferior Articular Surface
Lumbar
1. Promontory
2. Transverse Ridges
3. Coccyx
4. Body of Sacrum
5. Sacral Canal
6. Superior Articular Surface
7. Median Sacral Crest
8. Sacrum to Ilium Articular Surface
9. Dorsal Sacral Foramina
10. Sacral Hiatus
Sacrum
Rib & Vertebra Articulated
Rib 1. Articular Facet of Rib
2. Interarticular Crest
3. Neck
4. Articular Portion of Tubercle
5. Nonarticular Portion of Tubercle
6. Angle of Rib
7. Costal Groove
8. Body of Rib
9. Articular Facet of Transverse Process
10. Transverse Process
11. Spinous Process
12. Lamina
13. Vertebral Foramen
1. Jugular Notch
2. Manubrium
3. Sternal Angle
4. Body (Gladiolus)
5. Xiphoid Process
Sternum
Left Scapula (Posterior Aspect)
1. Coracoid Process
2. Scapular Notch
3. Superior Margin
4. Supraspinatus Fossa
5. Superior Angle
6. Scapular Spine
7. Vertebral Margin
8. Infraspinatus Fossa
9. Inferior Angle
10.
Axillary Margin
11.
Glenoid Cavity Margin
12.
Acromion Process
Right Humerus - Proximal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head
2. Anatomical Neck
3. Lesser Tubercle
4. Intertubercular Groove
5. Greater Tubercle
6. Surgical Neck
7. Deltoid Tuberosity
Right Humerus - Distal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Radial Fossa
2. Lateral Epicondyle
3. Capitulum
4. Trochlea
5. Medial Epicondyle
6. Coronoid Fossa
7. Olecranon Fossa
1. Olecranon Process
2. Semilunar Notch
3. Coronoid Process
4. Tuberosity
5. Radial Notch
6. Ulna (Shaft)
7. Head of Ulna
8. Styloid Process
Right Ulna - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
Right Radius - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head of Radius
2. Neck of Radius
3. Radial Tuberosity
4. Radius (Shaft)
5. Styloid Process
6. Ulnar Notch
Bones of the Right Hand (Dorsal Surface)
1. Styloid Process of Radius
2. Navicular (Scaphoid)
3. Lunate
4. Triquetral
5. Pisiform
6. Trapezium
7. Trapezoid
8. Capitate
9. Hamate
10.
Metacarpal
11.
Proximal Phalange
12.
Middle Phalange
13.
Distal Phalange
14.
Styloid Process of Ulna
Left Os Coxa (Lateral Aspect) 1. Anterior Superior Spine
2. Iliac Crest
3. Posterior Superior Spine
4. Posterior Inferior Spine
5. Greater Sciatic Notch
6. Body of Ilium
7. Ischial Spine
8. Lesser Sciatic Notch
9. Body of Ischium
10.
Ischial Tuberosity
11.
Obturator Foramen
12.
Inferior Ramus of Ischium
13.
Inferior Ramus of Pubis
14.
Body of Pubis
15.
Acetabulum
16.
Anterior Inferior Spine
Left Femur - Proximal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater Trochanter
4. Intertrochanteric Line
5. Lesser Trochanter
6. Shaft of Femur
7. Gluteal Tuberosity
8. Intertrochanteric Crest
9. Linea Aspera
Left Femur - Distal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Medial Condyle
2. Lateral Condyle
3. Intercondylar Fossa
Left Tibia - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Intercondylar Eminence
2. Lateral Condyle
3. Tibial Tuberosity
4. Anterior Crest
5. Medial Condyle
6. Anterior Surface
7. Medial Malleolus
Left Fibula - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head of Fibula
2. Neck of Fibula
3. Anterior Crest
4. Lateral Malleolus
Bones of the Left Foot (Lateral Aspect)
1. Calcaneus (Topuk)
2. Talus
3. Navicular
4. Cuboid
5. Cuneiform, First
6. Cuneiform, Second
7. Cuneiform, Third
8. Metatarsal
Knee - Anterior & Posterior Aspects 1. Tibial Collateral Ligament
2. Medial Condyle of Femur
3. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
4. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
5. Lateral Condyle of Femur
6. Fibular Collateral Ligament
7. Lateral Condyle of Tibia
8. Lateral Meniscus
9. Medial Meniscus
10.
Medial Condyle of Tibia
11.
Tibia
12.
Fibula
13.
Transverse Ligament
Anterior kaslar
Brakioradialis
Serratus
Soleus Anterior tibialis
Trapezius
Eksternal oblique
Posterior kaslar
Biceps
Aşil tendon
KAS ÇEŞİTLERİ
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle