Giải Chi Tiết Đề Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Hóa 2015
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Transcript of Giải Chi Tiết Đề Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Hóa 2015
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
P N K THI TRUNG HC PH THNG QuC GIA_2015_MN: HA HC
P N M 836
Cu p n Cu p n Cu p n Cu p n Cu p n 1 A 11 C 21 C 31 D 41 D 2 B 12 D 22 A 32 A 42 A 3 B 13 D 23 C 33 A 43 A 4 C 14 D 24 C 34 C 44 C 5 D 15 A 25 D 35 A 45 A 6 C 16 B 26 B 36 D 46 B 7 C 17 B 27 D 37 A 47 C 8 A 18 D 28 C 38 B 48 A 9 B 19 D 29 A 39 B 49 B 10 B 20 D 30 C 40 B 50 A
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh?
A. CaCO3 0t CaO + CO2. B. 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
C. 2KClO3 0t 2KCl + 3O2. D. 4Fe(OH)2 + O2
0t 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O
Hng dn: 0
2 4 2 4t
3 2Ca C O CaO C O
; 0 2 1
2 22NaOH Cl N aCl NaClO H O
0
5 1t
3 2
2 02K ClO 2K Cl 3O .
; 02 0 3
2 2 3 22t4Fe OH O 2Fe O 4H O
Cu 2. Trong cc ion sau y, ion no c tnh oxi ha mnh nht?
A. Zn2+. B. Ag+. C. Ca2+. D. Cu2+.
Hng dn: Trong 4 kim loi Zn, Ag, Ca, Cu, Ag nm cui trong dy in ha nn kim loi Ag c tnh kh yu nht
ng thi ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh nht.
Dy in ha ca kim loi
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Cu Hg Ag AuH
Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Cu Hg Ag Au
Tnh kh kim loi gim dn , tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng dn
Cu 3. Lu hunh trong cht no sau y va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh?
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission A. H2S. B. SO2. C. H2SO4. D. Na2SO4.
Hng dn:
2 0 4 6
2 2 4S ,S S O S H SO
Cu 4. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s23p1. S hiu nguyn t ca X l
A. 27 B. 14. C. 13. D. 15.
Hng dn: 13Al: 1s22s22p63s23p1
Cu 5. Ha tan hon ton 1,6 gam Cu bng dung dch HNO3, thu c x mol NO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht ca
N+5). Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,15. B. 0,25. C. 0,10. D. 0,05.
Hng dn:
0,05
00 5 2 4
t3 3 2 2 2
mol mol
Cu, 4HN O Cu(NO ) 2 N O 2H O
1,60,025
64
Cu 6. Kh hon ton 4,8 gam Fe2O3 bng CO d nhit cao. Khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng l
A. 1,44 gam. B. 1,68 gam. C. 3,36 gam. D. 2,52 gam.
Hng dn:
0t2 3 (du) 2
mol mol gamFe
Fe O 3CO 2Fe 3CO
4,80,03 0,06 m 0,06.56 3,36
160
Cu 7. iu kin thng, kim loi no sau y khng phn ng vi nc?
A. Na. B. K. C. Be. D. Ba.
Hng dn: Be khng phn ng vi nc bt c iu kin no.
Cu 8. Cho 0,5 gam mt kim loi ha tr II phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,28 lt H2 (ktc). Kim loi
l
A. Ca. B. Sr. C. Mg. D. Ba.
Hng dn:
2 2
mol molX
X 2HCl XCl H
0,28 0,50,0125 0,0125 M 40 X Ca
22,4 0,0125
Cu 9. t chy hon ton m gam Fe trong kh Cl2 d, thu c 6,5 gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission A. 0,56 B. 2,24. C. 2,80. D. 1,12.
Hng dn:
m
0t2 3
mol mol gamFe
2Fe 3Cl 2FeCl
6,50,04 0,04 0,04.56 2,24
162,5
Cu 10. Oxit no sau y l oxit axit?
A. CaO. B. CrO3. C. MgO. D. Na2O.
Hng dn: Hp cht Cr (VI) oxit: CrO3 l oxit axit
Cu 11. Qung boxit c dng sn xut kim loi no sau y? A. Na. B. Cu. C. Al. D. Mg.
Hng dn: Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch nhm (Al) t qung bxit (Al2O3.2H2O)
Cu 12. Kim loi Fe khng phn ng vi cht no sau y trong dung dch?
A. FeCl3. B. CuSO4. C. AgNO3. D. MgCl2.
Hng dn: 3 2
4 4
3 3 2
2
Fe 2FeCl 3FeCl
Fe CuSO FeSO Cu
Fe 2AgNO Fe(NO ) 2Ag
Fe MgCl
Cu 13. Thc hin cc th nghim sau iu kin thng: (a) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. (b) Cho CaO vo H2O.
(c) Cho Na2CO3 vo dung dch CH3COOH. (d) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Hng dn:
2 3 2 3
2 2
2 3 3 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
(a)H S Pb(NO ) PbS 2HNO
(b)CaO H O Ca(OH)
(c)Na CO 2CH COOH 2CH COONa H O CO
O Cl(d)Cl Ca(OH) CaOCl Ca H O
Cl
Cu 14. Phng php chung iu ch cc kim loi Na, Ca, Al trong cng nghip l
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission A. thy luyn. B. in phn dung dch. C. nhit luyn. D. in phn nng chy.
Hng dn: Na, Ca iu ch bng cch in phn nng chy mui halogenua ca kim loi
Al iu ch bng in phn nng chy nhm oxit cng Na3AlF6
Cu 15. Ha tan hon ton 6,5 gam Zn bng dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24. B. 1,12. C. 3,36. D. 4,48.
Hng dn:
2 2
2 4 4 2
mol mol litZn ZnH H
Zn H SO ZnSO H
6,5n 0,1 n n 0,1 V 0,1.22,4 2,24
65
Cu 16. Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c nhit si cao nht?
A. CH3CH2OH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3CH3.
Hng dn: CH3COOH c nhit si cao nht bi phn t axit c lin kt hidro (2 phn t axit to c 2 lin kt
hidro vi nhau trong khi ancol ch c mt)
3 3O H...O
CH C C CHO...H O
Cu 17. Cho CH3CHO phn ng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) thu c A. HCOOH. B. CH3CH2OH. C. CH3OH. D. CH3COOH.
Hng dn: 0Ni,t
3 2 3 2CH CH O H CH CH OH
Cu 18. un 3,0 gam CH3COOH vi C2H5OH d (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c 2,2 gam CH3COOC2H5. Hiu sut ca
phn ng este ha tnh theo axit l
A. 20,75%. B. 36,67%. C. 25,00%. D. 50,00%.
Hng dn: (c)
d)
phn ng)
phn ng) /)ban u )
2 4H SO
3 2 5 ( 3 2 5 2
axit(moleste axit( (p
axit(
CH COOH C H OH CH COOC H H O
n2,2 0,025n 0,025 n H .100% .100% 50,0%
388 n60
Cu 19. Pht biu no sau y sai? A. St c trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu.
B. Hp kim liti nhm siu nh, c dng trong k thut hng khng.
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission C. Phn chua c dng lm trong nc c.
D. Trong t nhin, cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng n cht.
Hng dn: (a) St c trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu ng
(b) Hp kim Li-Al siu nh nn c dng trong k thut hng khng ng
(c) Phn chua 2 4 2 4 3 2 4 2 2K SO .Al (SO ) .24H O KAl(SO ) .12H O c dng lm trong nc c ng (d) Trong t nhin cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng n cht sai do chng ch yu tn ti dng hp cht (v d: Na trong NaCl,)
Cu 20. Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) nhit thng, Cu(OH)2 tan c trong dung dch glixerol.
(b) nhit thng, C2H4 phn ng c vi nc brom.
(c) t chy hon ton CH3COOCH3 thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O.
(d) Glyxin (H2NCH2COOH) phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH.
S pht biu ng l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Hng dn: (a) iu kin thng Cu(OH)2 tan c trong dung dch glixerol ng bi phn t c 3 nhm OH lin
k nhau
2 2CHCH CHOHOH OH
(b) nhit thng C2H4 phn ng c vi nc Br2 ng do 2 2
2 2 2CH CH
CH CH BrBr Br
(c) t chy hon ton CH3COOCH3 thu c 2 2H O CO
n n ng do 0
2O ,t3 6 23 23 2CH C C H O 3CO 3H OOOCH
(d) Glyxin (H2NCH2COOH) phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH ng do
tnh axit
NaOH2 2 2 2H N CH COOH H N CH COONa
Cu 21. Qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng
phn t nh khc (th d H2O) c gi l phn ng
A. thy phn. B. x phng ha. C. trng ngng D. trng hp.
Hng dn: Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi
gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (v d: H2O)
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission 0t ,xt ,p
2 2 2 2nmonome polime
nH NCH COOH HNCH CO nH O
Cu 22. Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi
A. glixerol. B. etylen glicol. C. ancol metylic. D. ancol etylic.
Hng dn:
Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo v glixerol
12
2
32
R COOCH
R COOCH
R COOCH
trong ii 1 3R COOH l cc axit bo
Cu 23. Khi lm th nghim vi H2SO4 c nng thng sinh ra kh SO2. hn ch tt nht kh SO2 thot ra gy nhim mi trng ngi ta nt ng nghim bng bng tm dung dch no sau y:
A. cn B. mui n C. xt D. gim n
Hng dn: Ngi ta dng xt thu hi kh SO2 thot ra t cc phn ng 2 (du) 2 3 2SO NaOH Na SO H O
Cu 24. Cht no di y l amin bc I?
A. (CH3)3N B. CH3CH2NHCH3 C. CH3NH2 D. CH3NHCH3
Hng dn: Ancol isopropylic: 3 3
CH CH CHOH
ancol bc II
1 21 22
3
RNH R N RR NH R R
amin bc I amin bc II amin bc III
Cu 25. Kh thin nhin c dng lm nhin liu v nguyn liu cho cc nh my sn xut in, s,
m, ancol metylic. Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l metan. Cng thc phn t ca metan l
A. C2H4 B. C2H2 C. C6H6 D. CH4
Hng dn:
Metan: CH4 CTCT: H
H C HH
trong khng gian phn t CH4 c cu to chp u
Cu 26. Cht no sau y khng thy phn trong mi trng axit?
A. Xenluloz. B. Glucoz. C. Saccaroz. D. Tinh bt.
C
H
HH
H
Bc ca ancol = Bc ca nguyn t C m OH nh vo
Bc ca amin = S nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 b thay th bng gc hidrocacbon R
NH
HH
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
Hng dn: Glucozo l mono saccarit nn khng b thy phn trong mi trng axit
Cu 27. X phng ha hon ton 3,7 gam HCOOC2H5 bng mt lng dung dch NaOH va . C cn dung dch
sau phn ng, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,2. B. 4,8. C. 3,2. D. 3,4.
Hng dn: 0t
2 5 2 5
mol mol gameste muoi este muoi
HCOOC H NaOH HCOONa C H OH
3,7n 0,05 n n 0,05 m 0,05.68 3,4
74
Cu 28. t chy hon ton cht hu c no sau y thu c sn phm c cha N2?
A. Cht bo. B. Tinh bt. C. . Protein. D. Xenluloz.
Hng dn: Protein trong phn t c N nn khi t chy s to N2
Cu 29. Amino axit X trong phn t c mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 26,7 gam X phn ng vi lng
d dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch cha 37,65 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH. B. H2N-[CH2]4-COOH. C. H2N-CH2-COOH. D. H2N-[CH2]3-COOH.
Hng dn:
Cch 1.
Cch 2.
2 3
2 2
HCl2 3
H NRCOOH ClH NRCOOH 2 4 2 2 2
molH NRCOOH HCl H NRCOOH 2 4
H NRCOOH ClH NRCOOH
26,7 37,65n n R 28 C H H N CH COOH
16 R 45 36,5 16 R 4537,65 26,7 26,7
n n 0,3 M 16 R 45 89 R 28 C H36,5 0,3
Cu 30. Cht no sau y khng phn ng c vi dung dch axit axetic?
A. CaCO3. B. NaOH. C. Cu. D. Zn.
Hng dn: CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
NaOH + CH3COOH CH3COONa
Cu + CH3COOH
Zn + CH3COOH
Cu 31. Hn hp X gm CaC2 x mol v Al4C3 y mol. Cho mt lng nh X vo H2O rt d, thu c dung dch Y,
hn hp kh Z (C2H2, CH4) v a gam kt ta Al(OH)3. t chy ht Z, ri cho ton b sn phm vo Y c 2a gam
kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. T l x : y bng
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission A. 5 : 6 B. 1 : 2 C. 3 : 2 D. 4 : 3
Hng dn:
2
2
H O2 2 2 2 3 2 4mol mol mol
H O4 3 3 4
mol mol mol
CaC Ca(OH) C H 2Al(OH) Ca(OH) Ca Al OHx x x
Al C 4Al(OH) 3CH
y 4y 3y
dung dch Y
hn hp kh Z
02
022
2mol mol mol
molgam3(du)
O ,tmol2 2 2
COO ,tmol4 2
2x x x
Al(OH) a 4y 2x
C H x 2COn 2x y
CH 3y CO
t v
to
kt ta ch l = =
2 3Ca 2
2 3 34
gam mol3
2n Ca HCO
Al OH CO Al(OH) HCO
4y 2x 1 x 4Al(OH) 2a 2x
2x 2 y 3
Cu 32. in phn dung dch mui MSO4 (M l kim loi) vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i. Sau thi
gian t giy, thu c a mol kh anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in
cc l 2,5a mol. Gi s hiu sut in phn l 100%, kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc. Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th vn cha xut hin bt kh catot.
B. Dung dch sau in phn c pH ne ion kim loi nhn (=7a mol) nn chc chn catot thot kh
B. Dung dch sau in phn c pH
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
D. Ti thi im t giy ion M2+ cha b in phn ht ng
Cu 33. phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c, ngi ta thc hin mt th nghim c m
t nh hnh v:
Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Trong th nghim trn c th thay dung dch Ca(OH)2 bng dung dch Ba(OH)2
B. Th nghim trn dng xc nh nit c trong hp cht hu c.
C. Bng trn CuSO4 khan c tc dng chnh l ngn hi hp cht hu c thot ra khi ng nghim.
D. Th nghim trn dng xc nh clo c trong hp cht hu c.
Hng dn: A. Trong th nghim trn c th thay dung dch Ca(OH)2 bng dung dch Ba(OH)2 ng bi c hai cht
khi tng tc vi CO2 u sinh kt ta u c th nhn c s c mt ca C bng hin tng ny.
B. Th nghim trn dng xc nh N c trong hp cht hu c sai
D. Th nghim trn dung xc nh Cl c trong hp cht hu c sai
C. Bng trn CuSO4 khan c tc dng chnh l ngn hi hp cht hu c thot ra khi ng nghim sai
bi tc dng chnh ca n l xc nh s c mt ca H trong hp cht hu c di dng hi H2O
Cu 34. Amino axit X cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH trong phn t. Y l este ca X vi ancol n cht,
My = 89. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l
A. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH, H2N-[CH2]2-COOC2H5.
B. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-COOC2H5.
C. H2N-CH2-COOH, H2N-CH2-COOCH3.
D. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH, H2N-[CH2]2-COOCH3.
Hng dn: 2 2
2 2 22 2 3
2
3
M 89 16 R 44 R'R 14 CH
R R' 29R' 15 CH
X : H NCH COOHH N R CO OH HO R' H N R COO R' H O
Y : H NCH COOCH
Cu 35. Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht sau dng dung dch : X, Y, Z, T v Q
Cht X Y Z T Q
Th nghim trn ch dng li xc nh c C v H trong hp cht
Bng v CuSO4(khan) Hp cht hu c
dd Ca(OH)2
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
Thuc th
Qu tm khng i
mu
khng i
mu
khng i
mu
khng i
mu
khng i
mu
Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, un nh khng c kt
ta Ag
khng c
kt ta khng c
kt ta Ag
Cu(OH)2, lc nh Cu(OH)2
khng tan
dung dch
xanh lam
dung dch
xanh lam
Cu(OH)2 khng tan
Cu(OH)2 khng tan
Nc brom kt ta trng khng c
kt ta khng c
kt ta khng c
kt ta khng c
kt ta Cc cht X, Y, Z, T v Q ln lt l
A. Phenol, glucoz, glixerol, etanol, anehit fomic
B. Glixerol, glucoz, etylen glicol, metanol, axetanehit
C. Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, anehit fomic, metanol
D. Fructoz, glucoz, axetanehit, etanol, anehit
fomic
Hng dn:
Cu 36. Ha tan 1,12 gam Fe bng 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,2 M , thu c dung dch X v kh H2. Cho dung dch
AgNO3 d vo X, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5) v m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,61 B. 10,23 C. 7,36 D. 9,15
Hng dn:
ht ht
P
2 33 22 2
mol mol mol mol
mol mol mol
4H NO 3Fe 3Fe NO 2H OFe 2HCl FeCl H
0,02 0,06 0,02 0,02
0,02 0,02 0,005
kt ta
hn ng vi ion Aggam
AgCl Ag2 3
Ag Cl AgCl m m m 0,06.143,5 0,005.108 9,15
Ag Fe Fe Ag
Cu 37. Cho mt lng hn hp X gm Ba v Na vo 200 ml dung dch Y gm HCl 0,1M v CuCl2 0,1M. Kt thc
cc phn ng, thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc) v m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,98 B. 1,96 C. 1,28 D. 0,64
Hng dn:
Cht Thuc th
Phenol Glucozo Glixerol Etanol Andehit fomic
Qu tm Khng i mu Dd AgNO3/NH3,t0 Khng Ag Khng Khng Ag Cu(OH)2, lc nh Khng tan Tan dd xanh lam Tan dd xanh lam Khng tan Khng tan Br2/H2O trng Khng
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
ht
n
n
2
22
2
2H O2 2 mol mol
mol
OH HH O mol2
mol
Hmol
2 Cu
OH H H OBa Ba(OH) H 0,448 0,04 0,02n 2.n 2. 0,041 22,4Na NaOH H 0,022HCl 0,2.0,1 0,02
CuCl 0,2.0,1 0,02
ht
22
mol mol
mol mol
2OH Cu Cu(OH)
0,02 0,02
0,01 0,01
mkt ta = 0,01.98 = 0,98gam
Cu 38. Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon mch h, c th l ankan, anken, ankin, ankadien. t chy hon ton mt
lng X, thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau, X khng th gm
A. hai anken B. ankan v anken C. ankan v ankaien D. ankan v ankin
Hng dn:
02
0 02 2
02
O ,tn 2n 2 2 2
O ,t O ,tn 2n 2 2 2 2
O ,tn 2n 2 2 2
H O CO2 2n n
Ankan C H nCO (n 1)H O
AnkanAnken C H nCO nH O X CO H O
AnkenAnkin
C H nCO (n 1)H OAnkadien
Cu 39. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho Mg vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d (b) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2
(c) Dn kh H2 d qua bt CuO nung nng (d) Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4 d
(e) Nhit phn AgNO3 (g) t FeS2 trong khng kh
(h) in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr
Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, s th nghim thu c kim loi l
A. 5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2
Hng dn: (a). Mg + Fe3+ (d) khng to kim loi bi Fe3+ d th ch xy ra phn ng Mg +2Fe3+ Mg2+ +2Fe2+
(b). Cl2 + 2FeCl2 2FeCl3 (c). H2 + CuO 0t Cu + H2O
(d). Na vo dung dch Cu2+ 2 22
2
2Na 2H O 2NaOH H
Cu 2OH Cu(OH)
(e). 0t
3 2 22AgNO 2Ag 2NO O
(g). 0t
2 2 2 3 24FeS 11O 2Fe O 8SO
(h). in phn CuSO4 vi in cc tr xy ra qu trnh 2 0
Cu 2e Cu
Cu 40. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau iu kin thng:
(a) Sc kh 2SO vo dung dch H2S (b) Sc kh F2 vo nc
(c) Cho KMnO4 vo dung dch HCl c (d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission (e) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH (g) Cho Na3SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4
S th nghim c sinh ra n cht l
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3
Hng dn: (a) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O
(b) 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2
(c) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
(d) CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O hoc CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3
(e) Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + H2
(g) Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
Cu 41. Cho 7,65 gam hn hp X gm Al v Al2O3 (trong Al chim 60% khi lng) tan hon ton trong dung
dch Y gm H2SO4 v NaNO3, thu c dung dch Z ch cha 3 mui trung ha v m gam hn hp kh T (trong T
c 0,015 mol H2). Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo Z n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 93,2 gam kt ta.
Cn nu cho Z phn ng vi NaOH th lng NaOH phn ng ti a l 0,935 mol. Gi tr ca m gn gi tr no nht
sau y?
A. 2,5 B. 3,0 C. 1,0 D. 1,5
Hng dn:
khi T
n = 0,17 + 0,03.2 = 0,23
*
3
2 3
2 43
molAl
hh BTNT:Algam mol
Almol2 3
Al O
hh mol
H SONaNO
2 3
7,65.60%n 0,17Al 60%m 277,65
7,65.40%Al O n 0,03102
.....m
0,015Al
Al O
224
34 4
34
2BaCl (du) mol mol
42 3 SO4 NaOH mol molZ
NaOH(pu) Al NH NH4Al 4OH Al(OH)
H
0,4 BaSO n 0,4SO ;Al
dd n 0,935 4.n n n 0,935 4.0,23 0,015Na ;NH
in tch to kh)
* p dng bo ton mol electron:
2 34 4 3
BT BTNT:Nmol mol molN N(Na SO Al NH NaNO Na
3
25 n
n 2.n 3.n n 0,095 n n n 0,095 n 0,095 0,015 0,08
2H 2e HAl Al 3e
N (5 n)e N
mol electron
qu trnh
s oxi ha trong N x y
2
BT mole
O 0
O
5 3mol
O khi N O H
n 0,17.3 0,015.2 0,015.8 0,36
0,365 n 4,5 n 0,5 0,5.0,08 2.n 0
0,08n 0,02 m m m m 0,08.14 0,02.16 0,015N 8e N
gam.3 1,47
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission Cu 42. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm hn hp X gm 0,03 mol Cr2O3; 0,04 mol FeO v a mol Al. Sau mt thi
gian phn ng, trn u, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt phn ng va
vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M (long). Phn hai phn ng vi dung dch HCl long, nng (d), thu c 1,12
lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi s trong phn ng nhit nhm, Cr2O3 ch b kh thnh Cr. Phn trm khi lng Cr2O3 phn
ng l
A. 66,67% B. 50,00% C. 33,33% D. 20,00%
Hng dn:
cht rn
*Phn 1: phn ng va 0,04 NaOH
0
o
0
mol2 3 t
2 3t Cmol 2 3 2 3t
mol (du) 2 3(du) (du)2 3
mol 2 3
0,03 Cr OAl O ,Cr,FeCr O 2Al Al O 2Cr
0,04 FeO YAl ,Cr O ,FeO3FeO 2Al Al O 3Fea Al
Al O 2NaOH
ban u
*Phn 2: phn ng HCl (long, t C, d)
( du)2 3
2
2
BTNT:Al molNaOH Al NaOH AlAl O
HCl(du) 2
HClo mol2
2NaAlO ....
Al NaOH .... NaAlO ....
1 an 2.n n n n 0,04 a 0,08
2 2Al 1,5H
0,05 H : Cr Cr
Bo ton mol e
(phn 2) (phn 2 pu nhit nh
Cc qu trnh cho nhn e u v cui qu trnh
2 3 2 3
22
HCl 22
23
2 3
2
Cr O Cr O
H
Fe Fe H
Cr O 2e 2CrAl Al 3e
2H 2e H
0,083. 2.n 2.0,05 n
2
m)
(phn 2)* n
2 3 2 3
mol
mol mol2 3(pu)Cr O pu Cr O
0,01
0,022.n 2.0,01 0,02 %Cr O .100% 66,67%
0,03
Cu 43. Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c no , mch h (u cha C, H, O), trong phn t mi cht c hai nhm
chc trong s cc nhm OH, -CHO, -COOH. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 4,05 gam Ag v 1,86 gam mt mui amoni hu c. Cho ton b lng mui amoni hu c ny
vo dung dch NaOH (d, un nng), thu c 0,02 mol NH3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,22 B. 2,98 C. 1,50 D. 1,24
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
Hng dn:
hai cht hu c
mui amoni l
Xt
3 3
( du)
4 3 4
molAgNO /NH
NaOHgam mol4 3
mol2RCOONH NH RCOONH
17 14
2 4
Ag
0,0375 AgX
1,86 RCOONH 0,02 NH
1,86*n n 0,02 M 93 R 44 14 4 R 31 HO CH
0,02
HOCH COONH
n*
2
mui amoni
mui amoni
Ch mt cht c nhm chc CHO
1
2 1
Ag molgam2 1 X
Xmol
2 2 X X
0,03750,01875 0,02 n
2n
HOCH CHO X n 0,01875X m ..... 1,222
HOCH COOH X n n n 0,02 0,01875 0,00125
Cu 44. Hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l X v Y (Mx < My), ng ng k tip ca nhau. un nng 27,2 gam T vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z gm: 0,08 mol ba este (c khi lng 6,76 gam) v mt lng
ancol d. t chy hon ton Z cn va 43,68 lt O2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca X v Y ln lt l
A. 30% v 30% B. 20% v 40% C. 50% v 20% D. 40% v 30%
Hng dn:
t CTPT trung bnh ca ancol l C l C
C
x y 2x 2y 2
2x 2y 2 2 2 2
x y 2 2 2
H O ete H O
yH O 2x 1 O 2xCO y 1 H O
2y 1 y
C H O x O xCO H O4 2 2
T phng trnh trn ta thy s mol O2 t ete gp 2 s mol O2 t ancol d, mt khc s mol ete = 0,5
ln s mol ancol phn ng nn c th quy lun lng O2 (1,95mol) l lng oxi t ancol ban u
ete
khng to t ancol
M
loi
h phng trnh
12 3 5
2
mol2 51
mol2 3 7
6,76ancol : ROH ete : R O R : 2.R 16 84,5 R 34,25
0,08
R 27TH1 : CH CH O C H
R 41
C H OH a mR 29TH2 :
R 43 C H OH b
to ete) to ete)
2
2
molancol
molO (pu)
gam molancol( ete ancol( eteH O
mol2 5 (pu)
mol3 7 (pu)
46a 60b 27,2 a 0,2n 3x 4,5y 1,95 b 0,3
m m m 6,76 0,08.18 8,2 ,n 2n 0,16
C H OH a' 46.a' 60b' 8
C H OH b'
molpu
molpu
a' 0,1a' 0,1 H .100% 50%
,2 a 0,2a' b' 0,16 b' 0,06
b' 0,06 H .100% 20%b 0,03
14 - http://tailieulovebook.com
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission Cu 45. X l dung dch HCl nng x mol/l. Y l dung dch Na2CO3 nng y mol/l. nh t t 100 ml X vo 100
ml Y, sau cc phn ng thu c V1 lt CO2 (ktc). Nh t t 100 ml Y vo 100 ml X, sau phn ng thu c V2 lt
CO2 (ktc). Bit t l V1:V2 = 4:7. T l x:y bng
A. 7:5 B. 11:7 C. 7:3 D. 11:4
Hng dn: Do hai th nghim lng CO2 thu c l khc nhau nn chng t lng H+ c hai th nghim khng
chuyn ha ht CO23 2CO
Th nghim 2. CO t t vo H ban u H rt d CO lun
= 2.n
Th nghim 1.
2
2 23 3 2
mol
2 23 2 2 H CO
23 3
2 1
CO
VCO 2H CO H O n 2.
22,4
CO H HCO
V V2.
22,4 22,4
1
223
23
2 1 2V 47V 2 H
CO2CO3 2 2
1 1
V V V2. 2.nV22,4 22,4 10 722,4n .V7 22,4 510nHCO H CO H O .
7 22,4V V22,4 22,4
Cu 46.Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y vi 3 axit cacboxylic (phn t ch c nhm
-COOH); trong , c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no (c ng phn hnh hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t). Thy phn hon ton 5,88 gam X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v m gam ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml kh (ktc) v khi lng
bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th thu c CO2 v 3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca este khng no trong X l
A. 40,82% B. 34,01% C. 38,76% D. 29,25%
Hng dn
15 - http://tailieulovebook.com
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
:
2
2
mol mol2 ancol HNaOH Nagam gam
gam gambinh ancol binh H
O(este) moancol 3 ancol este O(este)
0,04 H n 2n 0,08*5,88 hh este m ancol Y
m 2,48 m m m 2,48 0,04.2 2,56
n2,56M 32 CH OH;n n n 2.0,08 0,16
0,08 2
khng no
Bo ton nguyn t trong X c m
2
2 2
l
gam molX C H O C C
mol
CO
2 2 2n 2n moleste CO H O est
m 2m 2 2 2 2
* m m m m 5,88 0,16.16 0,22.2 2,88 n 0,24
n 0,24
C H O nCO n 1 H O* n n n 0,24 0,22 0,02 n
C H O mCO m 1 H O
no
khng
Do mt khc este khng no, 1 ni i C=C n gin nht c ng phn hnh hc th ti thiu cn 5C
m=5
mole
BTNT:C
3 3
este
0,06
* 0,06.n 0,02.m 0,24 3.n m 12
n 2 m 6;
H C CH CH COOCH M 100
* %
no
0,02.100.100% 34,01%
5,88
Cu 47. Hn hp X gm 2 cht c cng thc phn t l C3H12N2O3 v C2H8N2O3. Cho 3,40 gam X phn ng va
vi dung dch NaOH (un nng), thu c dung dch Y ch gm cc cht v c v 0,04 mol hn hp 2 cht hu c
n chc (u lm xanh giy qu tm m). C cn Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,12 B. 3,36 C. 2,76 D. 2,97
Hng dn: 2
y y
NaOH3 3 3 2 3 3 22
mol mol mol
NaOH2 5 3 3 3 2 5 2
mol mol mol
CH NH CO Na CO 2CH NH124x 10
x x x
C H NH NO NaNO C H NH
y
2 3 3
gammuoi Na CO NaNO
8y 3,4 x 0,012x y 0,04 y 0,02
m 0,01.M 0,02.M 2,76
Cu 48. Cho 8,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (dung dch
Y), thu c 1,344 lt NO (ktc) v dung dch Z. Dung dch Z ha tan ti a 5,04 gam Fe, sinh ra kh NO. Bit trong
cc phn ng, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5. S mol HNO3 c trong Y l
A. 0,50 mol B. 0,54 mol C. 0,44 mol D. 0,78 mol
Hng dn:
Quy i hn hp thnh
mol
mol
Fe x
O y
p dng bo ton mol electron ta c
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
mol e
mol e
0 3 2hh
BT5 2
0 2 3 2
BTNO NO5 2
mol
m 56x 16y 8,16Fe Fe 3e O 2e O x 0,12
1,344 y 0,093x 2y 3.N 3e N O 22,4
Fe Fe 2e Fe 1e Fe0,09.2 0,12.1 3.n n 0
N 3e N O0,09
to mui) 23 3
mol
molN NOHNO NO ( Fe
,02
n n n n 0,06 0,02 2.n 0,08 2. 0,09 0,12 0,5
Cu 49. un hn hp etylen glicol v axit cacboxylic X (phn t ch c nhm -COOH) vi xc tc H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c, trong c cht hu c Y mch h. t chy hon ton 3,95 gam Y cn 4,00 gam
O2, thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l mol tng ng 2 : 1. Bit Y c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin
nht, Y phn ng c vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng 1: 2. Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Tng s nguyn t hiro trong hai phn t X, Y bng 8
B. X c ng phn hnh hc
C. Y khng c phn ng trng bc
D. Y tham gia c phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol tng ng 1 : 2.
Hng dn:
Y)
CO H O2 22 2
mol 22
m m 3,95 4,0 7,95CO COgam gam2 2 2
H OH O0,125
BTNT:O molO(trong
C H O
n n 0,1523,95 Y 4 O CO H O
1n n 0,075
n 0,15.2 0,075.1 0,125.2 0,125
n : n : n 0,15
CTGN CTPT l C
l l
6 6 5
2 2
2.6 2 6: 0,15 : 0,125 6 : 6 : 5 Y H O 4
2Y HOOC C C COOCH CH OH X HOOC C C COOH
Cu 50. Cho 0,7 mol hn hp T gm hai peptit mch h l X (x mol) v Y (y mol), u to bi glyxin v alanin. un
nng 0,7 mol T trong lng d dung dch NaOH th c 3,8 mol NaOH phn ng v thu c dung dch cha m
gam mui. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton x mol X hoc y mol Y th u thu c cng s mol CO2. Bit tng s nguyn t oxi trong hai phn t X v Y l 13, trong X v Y u c s lin kt peptit khng nh hn 4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 396,6 B. 409,2 C. 399,4 D. 340,8
Hng dn: Gi s n v aminoaxit to thnh X v Y l a v b
S nguyn t O trong X v Y ln lt l
v Tng s O l 13 = a + 1 + b + 1 = a + b + 2 a + b = 112a a 1 2b b 1
a 1 b 1
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Gii chi tit thi THPT Quc gia mn Ha Trn Phng Duy Your dreams Our mission
S lin kt peptit ca X, Y khng nh hn 4 nn su a bgiaa 6
a,b 5b 5
T d kin X,Y phn ng vi NaOH c h PT x y 0,7 x 0,36x 5y 3,8 y 0,4
t chy 0,3molX hay 0,4molY u thu c s mol CO2 nh nhau nn 0,3.SC(trong X) = 0,4.SC(trong Y)
Gi s n v Ala trong X v Y ln lt l m v n S n v Gly l 6 m v 5 n
X)
Y)
S
S
C(trong 1 n 4
C(trong
mol molAla 2 3
molGly
n 1 2 3 44 3m 2.(6 m) 12 m
8 16 20m 43 3n 2.(5 n) 10 n
3 3 3
X 0,3 4Ala 2Gly n 4.0,3 2.0,4 2,0 H NCH(CH )COONa
nY 0,4 2Ala 3Gly
mol2 22.0,3 3.0,4 1,8 H NCH COONa
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