Gennum 3Gbs SDI

8/13/2019 Gennum 3Gbs SDI

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Enabling Brilliance

John Hudson, Director Broadcast Technology

3Gb/s SDI for Transport of 1080p50/60, 3D, 4k and Beyond


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Interface History Analog Broadcast

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70 years ago.(1940)


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Interface History Analog to Digital

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50+ years later.(1992)


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Interface History SD to HD

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9 years on.(2001)


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Interface History First 3G demo(s)

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6 years ago.(2006)


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Interface History 3G demo(s)

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1 year ago.(2011)

200m @ 3G 101 Passes @3G


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3Gb/s SDI Standards Quick Review

3G SDI first standardized in 2005

ITU-R BT.1120 Restricted to 1920 x 1080p50 YCbCr 4:2:2 10-bit

SMPTE 3G SDI standards first published in 2006 SMPTE ST 425:2006

Video, audio and ancillary data mapping for the 3G interface

SMPTE ST 424:2006

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Physical layer 3G equivalent of ST 292-1 (1.5Gb/s SDI)

SMPTE ST 297:2006 Optical interface standard covering all SDI rates from 143Mb/s through to

3Gb/s


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3Gb/s SDI Standards Quick Review

SMPTE ST 424:20xx Currently in revision (almost complete)

Updates to change alignment jitter specification from 0.3UI to 0.2UI Provisions use of other connector types Changes cable loss recommendation from -20dB to


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3Gb/s SDI Standards ST 425-1 Review

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SystemNomenclature

HorizontalPixels

Vertical lines Frame RateTotal Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4:412-bit 4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

1080p60 1920 / 2048 1080 60~60/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p50 1920 / 2048 1080 50 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i60 1920 / 2048 1080 30~30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080i50 1920 / 2048 1080 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p30 1920 / 2048 1080 30~30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p25 1920 / 2048 1080 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p24 1920 / 2048 1080 24~24/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p60 1280 720 60 60/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p50 1280 720 50 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p30 1280 720 30~30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p25 1280 720 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p24 1280 720 24~24/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

Single image formats and payloads


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SMPTE ST 425 the virtual interface

ST 425 establishes the concept of a 20-bit virtual interface consisting of 2 x 10-bit data streams Data stream 1 and Data Stream 2

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SMPTE ST 425 the 3 mapping modes

Three different mapping modes are defined as Level A, Level B Dual Link (B-DL)and Level B Dual Stream (B-DS).

Level A Is the direct mapping of an uncompressed images into a serial digitalinterface operating at a nominal rate of 3Gb/s

Level B-DL Is the mapping of ST 372 dual-link data streams into a serial digitalinterface operating at a nominal rate of 3Gb/s

Level B-DS Is the dual-stream ma in of two inde endent 1.5Gb/s video

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streams into a single serial digital interface operating at a nominal rate of 3Gb/s


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ST 352 Payload ID

Mandated for the 3Gb/s interface Each mapping mode and each image format carried on the link are uniquelyidentified using the SMPTE ST 352 Payload ID

Levels Of operation Manufacturers should indicate which mapping format they support on their

equipment

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SMPTE ST 425-2 Stereoscopic image transport on a single 3Gb/s link

ST 292-2:2011 carries a stereoscopic image pair on 2 x 1.5Gb/s SDI links inaccordance with ST 292-1

ST 425-2:2012 uses the Level B-DS mapping mode of ST 425-1 to multiplex theLeft eye and Right eye images from ST 292-2 on a single 3Gb/s link.

When carrying Stereoscopic images in a Level B-DS multiplex, each image mustbe frame aligned prior to the link multiplex

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ST 352 Payload ID Each Left Eye and Right Eye image stream is individually identified on the ST

425-2 link using the ST 325 payload ID


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SystemNomenclature

HorizontalPixels

Vertical lines Frame RateTotal Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4:412-bit 4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

1080p60 1920 / 2048 1080 60~60/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080p50 1920 / 2048 1080 50 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080i60 1920 / 2048 1080 30~30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i50 1920 / 2048 1080 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p30 1920 / 2048 1080 30~30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p25 1920 / 2048 1080 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p24 1920 / 2048 1080 24~24/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p60 1280 720 60~60/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p50 1280 720 50 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p30 1280 720 30~30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p25 1280 720 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p24 1280 720 24~24/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

Stereoscopic image formats and payloads


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3Gb/s SDI Standards ST 425-1/2 Things to Consider

General Issues for 1080p50/60

Both Level A and Level B-DL mapping modes have similar capabilities BUTtheyare not compatible

For 1080p50/60, conversion between Level A and Level B-DL introduces adelay of at least one video line on each conversion

Conversion of signals with embedded audio or other ancillary data mayincrease the delay and introduce additional complexity to correct the

positioning or timing of some ancillary data packets

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Some devices process signals internally using a different standard to theirown input/output standard. It always advisable to confirm these devicescompensate for any conversion delay internally before installation

End-users should establish capabilities of proposed purchases beforedesigning new installations

Facility designers may wish to select one mapping format (Level A orLevel B-DL) for each facilities routing / vision mixer signal cloud


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Switching Regions

For Level A and Level B-DS, the serial stream switch point is defined in SMPTERP 168:2009

For Level B-DS (carriage of two 1.5Gb/s streams on a single 3Gb/s link), there isno requirement for frame alignment of each image. If the two images are notframe aligned, video switching could be adversely effected

End-users and facility designers should always ensure that Level B-DS

equipment guarantees frame alignment.

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ST 352 Payload ID The use of the SMPTE ST 352 Payload ID is mandatory due to the large

number of different video formats that can be carried in the 3 Gb/s interface Without the payload ID, it is not possible to correctly identify all of the supported

formats or mapping modes purely from inspection of the payload data

End-users should ensure that any proposed new purchases support ST352 payload ID before designing new installations


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Embedded audio

Level A, Level B-DL and Level B-DS can all carry up to 32 audio channels butchannel assignments and identification are different

Level A uses 8 separate audio groups (of 4 channels each) - in accordancewith ST 299-2 - all 32 channels are uniquely identified

Level B-DL uses two streams of 4 audio groups (of 4 channels each) - inaccordance with ST 299-1 - identical channel numbers are used but

channels 1~16 can only be differentiated from channels 17~32 at the ST372 Dual-Link (Link A / Link B), level

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Level B-DS is similar to Level B-DL carrying to links of 16 channels butthere is no defined channel assignment for this mapping

End-users and facility designers should ensure that audio embedders / de-embedders correctly identify audio channel mapping in mixed Level A /Level B systems

Extra care should be taken in 3G system upgrades to ensure that thesenew audio embedding capabilities are handled transparently throughoutthe plant


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Progressive signals and Corruption of Non PCM Audio

To prevent corruption of non PCM audio, a two-frame marker or Fr/2 referencesignal should be used to delineate frame-pairs for all progressive signals

SMPTE ST 2051:2010 defines a two-frame marker relationship between themapped image format and the embedded Fr/2 audio service. This relationship issignaled via a HANC data packet

The implementation of ST 2051 is not mandatory and equipment in the

production chain that does not use the standard may strip the two-framemarker

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It may not be possible to upgrade all such existing equipment

End-users and facility designers should ensure that the ST 2051 two-framemarker is supported and passed throughout any progressive systemwhere Non PCM audio is used

NOTE: See SMPTE RDD 19 for Guidelines on the Use of Dolby-E with VideoSignals at Frame Rates Greater than 30 Hz


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3Gb/s SDI Standards ST 424 Preamble

ST 424 3Gb/s SDI Signal/Data Serial Interface

This standard defines the 3Gb/s SDI physical interface 10-bit multiplex Serialization Scrambling Coding Electrical specifications (eye shape, jitter, return loss..)

Where the rubber hits the road

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Two really big important things not addressed:

(1) Over all System performance

AND THE REAL BIGGY

(2) Bit Error Ratio (BER) probably the MOSTimportant metric.


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3Gb/s SDI Standards ST 424 Preamble

At the end of the day - what do we really care about ?

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To design robust SDI systems we need to know lots of things RP 184 Specification of Jitter in Bit-Serial Digital Systems RP 192 Jitter Measurement Procedures in Bit-Serial Digital Interfaces EG 34 Pathological Conditions in Serial Digital Video Systems

RP 198 Bit-Serial Digital Check field for Use in High-Definition Interfaces

Design and implementation also requires a passing knowledge ofSignal Integrity Issues

NOTE: 32NF50 Jitter Study group currently revising all of the above standardsto accommodate 3Gb/s SDI


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3Gb/s SDI Standards ST 424 Review

The 10-bit multiplex the first step to 3G serial

Data stream 1 and Data stream 2 of the 20-bit virtual interface definedin ST 425-1, are multiplexed into a single 10-bit parallel data stream

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Level A mapping


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The 10-bit multiplex the first step to 3G serial

Data stream 1 and Data stream 2 of the 20-bit virtual interface definedin ST 425-1, are multiplexed into a single 10-bit parallel data stream

24Level B mapping


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The SMPTE scrambler

Pot-hole pathological


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SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal October 2011: Pathological Check Codes and theSMPTE Scrambler in the HD Age By David Brown and John Hudson

Wash board pathological


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Pot-Hole pathological

The concatenated TRS produced in the 10-bit multiplex increases the generationof pot-hole pathological when the signal is serialized and scrambled


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Pot-Hole pathological

The longest run length as measured in bits is a concern for receiverPLL circuits which, will tend to drift without transitions

The longest run length as measured in ns is a concern for equalizerDC-restoration circuits where the extreme lack of DC balance canaffect the ability of the adaptive DC restoration circuit to compensate


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Wash-board pathological

EQ + PLL stress signals SMPTE RP 198 HD check-field washboardpathological, which can persist for an entire video line.


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Pathological considerations Level A / Level B

For out of service testing of 3Gb/s links, different pathological test patterns arerequired for each of the mapping modes

Bit-Serial Digital Check-Field pattern as defined in SMPTE RP198 is applicablefor Level A. SMPTE is revising RP 198 to include Level B stress patterns

For stress testing system performance with the RP 198 check field pattern,ANC data insertion such as Audio should be disabled


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End-users and facility designers should commission systems usingappropriate stress signals


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Electrical specifications Transmitter Eye Diagram

Like all SDI standards, ST 424 provides transmitter electricalspecifications only and is measured at the end of a 1m cable

30* ST 424:20xx revision sets alignment jitter to 0.2UI


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Return loss What Is it ?

Return loss is a a measure of the 75 ohm-nessof the SDI circuit ornetwork over frequency It provides a measure of the efficiency of a system to transmit, pass or

receive a signal by detecting how much of the transmitted signal isreflected back

Measured with a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)

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Return loss Is it important ?

A return loss of 10 dB means that 32% of the signal was reflected back,and 15 dB means 18% of the signal is reflected back.

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Reflections cause Inter Symbol Interference ISI which degrades thesystem jitter performance and hence reduces error free cable length

Compensation networks form a los-pass filter which attenuates thesignal hence reducing cable length


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Top - return loss of two patch-panels

Bottom - return loss of typical cables / connectors


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Insertion Loss (frequency loss)

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SKIN EFFECT means that as frequencies increase, electrons migrate to the outer

surface of the conductor. When only using the outer surface, the volume through

which electrons can flow is reduced and resistance increases


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Insertion Loss (frequency loss) Attenuation proportional to F 3G cable reach 70% of HD cable reach Thinner cables for increased density increase attenuation

Current EQ performance

Next gen performance

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Insertion loss of typical cables / connectors at 1.5GHz


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All 75 ohm

All ST 424 compliant

Insertion loss at

1.5GHz

Comment

~0.3 dB / m Belden 1694A

~0.5dB ~2m

1.5dB~2dB

~5m Belden 1694A

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n, pa c n,mechanics of patch,patch out, BNC out

n y use you rea yhave to

1.5dB~2dB

BNC in, barrel, BNC

out

~5m Belden 1694ADont use !!

7db~8dB ~28m Belden 1694A

Dont use !!


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Jitter Specifications

Jitter template

38ST 424 under revision - 0.2UI in new standard


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Intrinsic jitter as defined in RP 184 includes all jitter sources in a system The ST 424 jitter template only addresses the output of a transmit device

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SMPTE 32NF50 Jitter Study group considering new ways to specify and measure jitter inSDI SYSTEMS


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Causes of jitter

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Duty Cycle distortion ISI due to bandwidth limitations

ISI due to reflectionsPeriodic jitter due to coupling


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For robust system design all jitter effects should be considered cumulative

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Jitter reduction accomplished by the SDI re-clocking circuit within the serialdomain Jitter is terminated in end-equipment using parallel domain processing

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Testing testing 1,2,3.

- High bandwidth Real times scope- Spectrum Analyzer- BERT- Eye diagrams(repetitive volts vs. time)

Trend (time error vs. time)

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. Spectrum (time error vs. frequency) Bathtub curve


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Fortunately

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3Gb/s System Performance Putting it all together

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Loss budget existing EQ technology


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Jitter budget existing EQ technology no margin


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Jitter budget existing EQ technology de-rate for error free operation


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Jitter budget existing EQ technology factor in 3dB safety margin


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3Gb/s SDI Standards ST 424 Things to Consider

Channel (cable and connector) considerations

Although a return loss figure outside ST 424 specification will notnecessarily stop a link from working, it may influence the length ofcable that can successfully be compensated by the receiver cableequaliser

With really inferior return loss figures, shorter cables lengths mayprevent the link from working due to the small attenuation of reflectionsof the short cable. Adding a few tens of metres to the cable length mayin fact allow the link to work normally

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At 3 Gb/s the bits are about 7.5 cm long in a cable treat all circuitinterconnections as transmission lines

Connector discontinuities become twice as significant

Select connectors cables and patch panels designed to exceedSMPTE ST 424 return loss requirements with at least 3dB ofmargin

Dont use plastic cable ties on coax cables as they create returnloss discontinuities when over tightened


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Receiver dynamics and robustness

At 3 Gb/s cable losses increase by 40% (over HD), the signal bandwidthdoubles, the crosstalk potential increases and amplifier gain is harder to achieveat the higher bandwidth.

Transmission loss 30 dB at clock frequency for 2.97 Gbit/s operation Thecurrent generation cable equalizers are capable of 35 to 40 dB gain at thisfrequency

To enable proper recovery of the serial data, a system (from the transmitter to

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receiver), must have a reasonably gentle frequency response roll-off out to threetimes the clock rate

Plan installations with regard to the overall link losses of 30~35 dB at clock frequency to ensure sufficient safety margin for reliable operation

The dynamics of the input and its robustness for clock recovery shouldalways be tested using the SDI check field stress signal defined in RP 198

SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal October 2011: Pathological Check Codes andthe SMPTE Scrambler in the HD Age By David Brown and John Hudson


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SMPTE 297:2006 This standard defines an optical fiber system for transmitting bit-serial digital signals

It is intended for transmitting SMPTE ST 259 signals (143 through 360 Mb/s), SMPTEST 344 signals (540Mb/s), SMPTE ST 292-1/-2 signals (1.485 Gb/s and 1.485/1.001Gb/s) and SMPTE ST 424 signals (2.970 Gb/s and 2.970/1.001 Gb/s)

In addition to optical specification, ST 297 also mandates laser safety testing and that

all optical interfaces are labelled to indicate safety compliance, application andintero erabilit

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Lasers are all class 1 as defined in IEC 60825-1 (2001-08).


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SMPTE 297:2006 Connector Label examples: An angle polished low-power (short-haul) transmitter that supports ST 259and

ST 292-1/-2 signals at an optical wavelength of 1310 nm is labelled L-APC-AC-1310

A PC polished receiver that supports ST 424 signals at a wavelength of 850nmis labelled PC-D-850

A indicates support of ST 259 signals

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B indicates support of ST 344 signals

C indicates support of ST 292-1/-2 signals

D indicates support for ST 424 signals

It also has a really good glossary of terms and lots of informativeannexes providing background information

SMPTE 32NF50 Interface WG is also working on an optical interface EG EG 2069which provides a thorough background in optical SDI interfaces


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Transmitter specifications

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Receiver specifications

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Comparison of optical sources

VCSELs FP Laser DFB Laser

Typical Link

Distances

200m 400m 10km 30km 30km 80km

Cost Low cost Mid cost High cost

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Advantages Typically used inlower cost lowerpower Multimode

installations

Ideal for low costpoint to point onsingle mode fiber

Used for mediumand long haul

applications, as wellas in wavelength

division multiplexing

Disadvantages Shorter link distanceover multimode fiber

Not suitable forwavelength division

multiplexing,dispersion limited at

high data rates

High costHigh Power


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Optical connectors

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In a connector, only the light that is coupled into the fiber will propagate.To reduce losses the connector must be properly mated, aligned and ofcourse be clean


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Ferrules, coupling, polish and cleaning

Gaps in the connectors cause 2 main problems; insertion loss and backreflection (optical return loss). Light that is not coupled into the receiving fibercore is insertion loss

Connector

Typical

Insertion

Loss

Typical

ORL

Air Gap 1.0 dB 15 dB

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SMPTE 297 recommends a PC polish although SPC (Super Physical Contact), UPC(Ultra Physical Contact), and APC can be used but must be clearly labeled

Flat PC .5 dB 28 dB

PC .3 dB45 dB or

better

APC .5 dB 60 dB

Compatibl


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Anatomy of optical Fiber

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Signal degradation in Fiber losses due to absorption, scattering and dispersion

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SFP optical modules The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) module combines transmitter and/or

receiver functions in a compact, flexible and cost effective package. Provides a self contained, hot pluggable, electrical to optical or optical to

electrical converter.

Due to its compact size and flexibility, the SFP form factor. has become themost common module used in video transport.

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Broadcast Video Pin assignment SFP modules are based on MSA (INF-8074i) developed by the datacom /

telecom industry, SFP modules used in broadcast applications have a number ofdifferences

Broadcast video SFP modules are not compatible with datacom MSA SFPmodules

MSA Pin Assignment Broadcast Video Pin Assignment

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Typical optical module specifications

< 10km links 10km+ & CWDM links

SMPTE 297Typical

Module

SMPTE 297Typical

ModuleTransmitter o tical

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output power - m - m m m

Transmitter extinctionratio 5 dB 7.5 dB 5 dB 7.5 dB

Spectral line width < 4 nm < 4 nm < 1 nm < 0.6 nm

3G-SDI receiversensitivity -17 dBm -18 dBm -17 dBm -22/-30 dBm

Transmitter jitter 90ps 60ps 90ps 60ps


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Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM multiple DFB lasers are tuned to specific wavelengths which are grouped

together with optical filters (Optical MUX) and travel independently along the fiber Each wavelength can operate at an independent bit rate and will not interfere

with any of the other signals.

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NOTE: DFB lasers have a narrower optical spectrum than FP lasers whichhelps to reduce optical cross talk between wavelengths in the fiber


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Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM Course Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) uses wavelengths separated

by 20nm beginning at 1270nm to 1610nm There are a total of 18 wavelengths available but 2 wavelengths (1390nm and

1410 nm) are not typically used as they overlap the water absorption peak

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Distance, or reach, of an optical SDI signal depends on: Power (or link) budget of a Tx/Rx pair Power budget (in dB) is:

Transmit Power [the guaranteed end of life (EOL) average output optical powerof the transmit laser] minus Receive Sensitivity [the guaranteed end of life (EOL)power level at which satisfactory error performance can be achieved with aknown data pattern]

The loss limited reach of a fiber link is calculated by dividing the power budget

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by the fiber loss at the wavelength of interest @ 1310nm on single mode fiberthe optical signal degrades by 0.35 dB per km


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Distance, or reach, of an optical SDI signal also depends on: Dispersion tolerance of a Tx/Rx pair Transmitter wavelength Fiber type Receive tolerance to Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) Data rate

Using a wide spectral width 1310nm laser transmitter offers a worst case linkdistance of 10km for 3G-SDI

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A narrow spectral width laser transmitter allows longer link distances, up to100km but this depends on power budget!


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3Gb/s Fiber System Performance - Putting it all together

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Loss Budget

1310nm FP transmitter minimum output power -5dBm, spectral width 4 nmPIN Receiver minimum sensitivity (pathological) of -18 dBm

2 connectors with a .5 dB loss/ connectorThe worst case, EOL power budget is therefore:Transmitter power - 5 dBmReceiver Power - (-18 dBm)Connector loss (2x .5) - 1System margin - 3 .

EOL power budget = 9 dBThe estimated reach is 9/0.35 = 25.7km


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3Gb/s Fiber System Performance - Putting it all together

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Dispersion penalty

Dispersion at 1280nm = -3.93ps/nm.kmDispersion at 1340nm = 3.24ps/nm.km

We choose the worst case absolute dispersion of 3.93ps/nm.kmFor a 2dB dispersion penalty, the dispersion limited link length is determined by the followingequation:

Where B is the bit rate, D is the dispersion (ps/nm.km) and is the source line width (nm).At 3.0Gbps, the length is reduced to 10.5km.


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To ensure network integrity and robustness of optical links Verify that the components under test comply to the SMPTE specifications over

all operating conditions

Receiver overload is a critical specification as it determines how well a receiverwill interoperate with transmitters over short runs of fiber. SMPTE 297 specifiesa preferred overload level of 0 dBm

Measure jitter versus input power across the receiver operating range to reveal ifjitter peaking occurs. This is a common problem with many optical receivers that

are designed with traditional datacom components

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Evaluate transmitters at the voltage and temperature corners of theirspecifications as some lasers can vary significantly over temperature andvoltage

A rule of thumb used in optical data communications systems is that the systemshould be error free when the transmitter is faced with 0.2UI of total jitter

Always factor in at least 3dB of loss budget margin when planning anddesigning an optical system

Always test with pathological signals optical transmitters and receiversnot specifically designed for broadcast applications are not robust to lowtransition density signals


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To ensure network integrity and robustness of optical links Test with pathological signals optical transmitters and receivers designed for

datacom applications do not handle low transition signals well and bit errors willoccur

Safety and reliability Understand local area laser safety requirements.

In various jurisdictions, standards bodies, legislation, and governmentregulations define classes of laser according to the risks associated with them,and define required safety measures for people who may be exposed to those

lasers

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SMPTE ST 297 compliant optical transmitters are considered Class 1 lasers inaccordance with the IEC 60825-1 standard.

These lasers are considered low powered devices safe from all potentialhazards under normal use. However, since most wavelengths are in the infra-red band, they are invisible to the human eye and there is no eye aversionresponse and care should be taken although there is little risk to a health impact.

To ensure reliable links, it is recommended that components used in an opticalsystem are qualified to the GR-468-CORE document.

SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal October 2011: Optical SDI Networks: EvaluatingRobustness in Your SDI Network


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Enabling Brilliance

John Hudson, Director Broadcast Technology

3Gb/s SDI - Beyond HD


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Synopsis

Traditional broadcast infrastructures only had to support one version each ofSDTV and HDTV, plus extensions such as RGB 4:4:4 for better chromakeys.

Now we need 4:4:4:4 for external keys, 12-bits for digital cinema,stereoscopic 3D, a 3D disparity channel, Quad-Full HD, faster frame rates,etc.

How do we accommodate these new demands and stay future proof with

our core infrastructure?

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Bandwidth drivers

New production formats & 3DTV drive higher bandwidths Real-time video transport applications that drive the need for higher interface

bandwidth include: 3D TV at 1080p 3D TV at 720p and 1080i with per pixel Depth, Disparity & Occlusion data 1080p50/60 at 4:4:4(:4) sampling and higher bit-depths 4k D-Cinema and UHDTV production image formats 8K UHDTV production image formats High Frame rate production for D-Cinema.etc

Other applications that drive higher bandwidths - Link concatenation Intra facility distribution links that can carry multiple real-time interfaces

n x SDI links over a single robust interface

Multiple singled links over a single robust interface Combine multiple basicSDI streams into a single interface Increases effective port count density Ideal for routers and other centralized distribution equipment Great for space constrained applications i.e. OB vans

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Image formats, Payloads and interfaces

System

Nomenclature

Horizontal

Pixels

Vertical

Pixels

Frames per

Second

Total Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

1080p60 1920 / 2048 1080 60 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 60/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p50 1920 / 2048 1080 50 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i60 1920 / 2048 1080 30 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080i59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080i50 1920 / 2048 1080 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p30 1920 / 2048 1080 30 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p29.97 1920 / 2048 1080 30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p25 1920 / 2048 1080 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p24 1920 / 2048 1080 24 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p23.98 1920 / 2048 1080 24/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p60 1280 720 60 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p59.94 1280 720 60/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p50 1280 720 50 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p30 1280 720 30 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p29.97 1280 720 30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p25 1280 720 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p24 1280 720 24 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p23.98 1280 720 24/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

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System

Nomenclature

Horizontal

Pixels

Vertical

Pixels

Frames per

Second

Total Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

(Le + Re)

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

(Le + Re)

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

(Le + Re)

1080p60 1920 / 2048 1080 60 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080p59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 60/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080p50 1920 / 2048 1080 50 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080i60 1920 / 2048 1080 30 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i50 1920 / 2048 1080 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p30 1920 / 2048 1080 30 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

3D Image formats, Payloads and interfaces

. .

1080p25 1920 / 2048 1080 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p24 1920 / 2048 1080 24 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p23.98 1920 / 2048 1080 24/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p60 1280 720 60 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p59.94 1280 720 60/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p50 1280 720 50 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p30 1280 720 30 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p29.97 1280 720 30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p25 1280 720 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p24 1280 720 24 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p23.98 1280 720 24/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

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System

Nomenclature

Horizontal

Pixels

Vertical

Pixels

Frames per

Second

Total Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

4320p60 7680 4320 60 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s 192 Gb/s

4320p59.94 7680 4320 60/1.001 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s 192 Gb/s

4320p50 7680 4320 50 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s 192 Gb/s

4320p30 7680 4320 30 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p29.97 7680 4320 30/1.001 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p25 7680 4320 25 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p24 7680 4320 24 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p23.98 7680 4320 24/1.001 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4k / 8k Image formats, Payloads and interfaces

2160p60 3840 / 4096 2160 60 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s

2160p59.94 3840 / 4096 2160 60/1.001 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s

2160p50 3840 / 4096 2160 50 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s

2160p30 3840 / 4096 2160 30 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p29.97 3840 / 4096 2160 30/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p25 3840 / 4096 2160 25 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p24 3840 / 4096 2160 24 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p23.98 3840 / 4096 2160 24/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

NOTE: 4:4:4 12-bit support (no alpha) = 108Gb/s.

UHDTV also support 4:2:0 for reduced bandwidth

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Bandwidth Drivers

Today, real time streaming interface bandwidths for highresolution formats already approaches 200Gb/s

BUT

Existing broadcast infrastructure has migrated to 3G SDI Typically 10~15 year ROI expected from core infrastructure capital

investment

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Unlikely that a change in core infrastructure data rate would beappreciated any time soon !!.

How do we accommodate these new demands and stayfuture proof with our core infrastructure?

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Multiple options are already being explored Multi-link interfaces

32NF40 Multi-link AHG standardizing dual and quad link 3G interfaces.Potential to follow on with additional work

Follow on work could include 6Gb/s, 12Gb/s and 24Gb/s serialinterface rates

Mezzanine compression 4:1 / 8:1 / 16:1 compression Two options are currently in the process of being standardized to support

higher resolution image formats

Options under consideration / in progress

VC-2 (Dirac Codec) HQ profile mainly for 444 and higher bit depth VC-5 (CineForm codec) higher bit depth, higher resolution images

Many other possible candidates J2K.H.264 etc but nothing proposed

Move core infrastructure to higher serial link bandwidths ST 435: 10.692Gb/s currently in revision to support multi-link (Dual, Quad

and Octal) CWDM optical interfaces NHK ST 2036-3 revised to take advantage of multi-link ST 435 (CWDM) ST 2062 25Gb/s optical interface builds on ST 435 (dual-link)

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Multi-link Standardization

SMPTE TC-32NF40 Ad-Hoc Group 3G Multilink Interfaces ST425, the 3G Standard, is becoming a suite of standards:

425-0 Index

425-1 Single Images with a payload of 3Gb/s or a pair of unrelated1.5Gb/s signals

425-2 A Stereo Pair of 1.5Gb/s images 425-3 A Single Image with a payload of ~6 Gb/s, carried on 2 links 425-4 A Stereo pair of 3 Gb/s signals, carried on 2 links

425-5 A Single Image with payload of ~ 2 Gb/s, carried on 4 links 425-6 A Stereo Pair of 6Gb/s signals, carried on 4 links

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Document Map

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System

Nomenclature

Horizontal

Pixels

Vertical

Pixels

Frames per

Second

Total Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

1080p60 1920 / 2048 1080 60 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 60/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p50 1920 / 2048 1080 50 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i60 1920 / 2048 1080 30 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080i59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080i50 1920 / 2048 1080 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p30 1920 / 2048 1080 30 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p29.97 1920 / 2048 1080 30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

ST 292-1

ST 425-1

ST 425-1

ST 425-3 ST 425-5

Single Image formats, Payloads and interfaces

1080p25 1920 / 2048 1080 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p24 1920 / 2048 1080 24 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

1080p23.98 1920 / 2048 1080 24/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p60 1280 720 60 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p59.94 1280 720 60/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p50 1280 720 50 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p30 1280 720 30 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p29.97 1280 720 30/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p25 1280 720 25 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p24 1280 720 24 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

720p23.98 1280 720 24/1.001 1.5Gb/s 3Gb/s 6Gb/s

ST 425-3

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System

Nomenclature

Horizontal

Pixels

Vertical

Pixels

Frames per

Second

Total Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

(Le + Re)

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

(Le + Re)

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

(Le + Re)

1080p60 1920 / 2048 1080 60 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080p59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 60/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080p50 1920 / 2048 1080 50 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

1080i60 1920 / 2048 1080 30 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i59.94 1920 / 2048 1080 30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080i50 1920 / 2048 1080 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p30 1920 / 2048 1080 30 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

ST 425-2ST 292-2

ST 425-4

ST 425-4

ST ??

3D Image formats, Payloads and interfaces

ST 425-6

. .

1080p25 1920 / 2048 1080 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p24 1920 / 2048 1080 24 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

1080p23.98 1920 / 2048 1080 24/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p60 1280 720 60 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p59.94 1280 720 60/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p50 1280 720 50 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p30 1280 720 30 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p29.97 1280 720 30/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p25 1280 720 25 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p24 1280 720 24 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

720p23.98 1280 720 24/1.001 3Gb/s 6Gb/s 12Gb/s

ST 425-6

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System

Nomenclature

Horizontal Pixels Vertical

Pixels

Frames per

Second

Total Payload

10-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

10-bit 4:4:4:4

12-bit 4:2:2

Total Payload

12-bit 4:4:4:4

4320p60 7680 4320 60 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s 192 Gb/s

4320p59.94 7680 4320 60/1.001 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s 192 Gb/s

4320p50 7680 4320 50 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s 192 Gb/s

4320p30 7680 4320 30 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p29.97 7680 4320 30/1.001 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p25 7680 4320 25 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p24 7680 4320 24 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

4320p23.98 7680 4320 24/1.001 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s 96Gb/s

ST 2036-3

ST 2062 ST 2036-3

ST 2036-3

ST 2036-3

ST 2036-3ST ??

4k / 8k Image formats, Payloads and interfaces

2160p60 3840 / 4096 2160 60 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s

2160p59.94 3840 / 4096 2160 60/1.001 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s

2160p50 3840 / 4096 2160 50 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s 48 Gb/s

2160p30 3840 / 4096 2160 30 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p29.97 3840 / 4096 2160 30/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p25 3840 / 4096 2160 25 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p24 3840 / 4096 2160 24 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

2160p23.98 3840 / 4096 2160 24/1.001 6Gb/s 12Gb/s 24 Gb/s

ST 425-5

ST 2046-3

ST 2048-3

ST 425-5

ST 2036-3

ST 2048-3

ST 425-3

ST 2036-3

ST 2048-3

ST 2062

ST 2036-3

ST 2048-3

ST 2062

ST 2036-3

ST 2048-3

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Current Infrastructure trends

SDI optical interface gaining traction Many new installations already opting for optical transport at 3Gb/s

SFP+ module format factor widely accepted (high density hot-pluggable formfactor)

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Current Infrastructure trends

How do we accommodate these new demands and stay future proof withour core infrastructure?

Evolution not revolution maintain SDI compatibility Existing infrastructure has migrated to 3G SDI In the short term - any required increase in bandwidth should

re-purpose / extend rather than replace Build on the huge SDI legacy by moving to multi-link 3G SDI

interfaces where appropriate ..

Multi-link copper (coax) interfaces at 6Gb/s and 12Gb/s Dual and quad 3Gb/s links Ideal for existing coax and optical based infrastructure Proven technique for higher bandwidth real time video image transport

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Future Infrastructure trends ?

Link concatenation over optical interfaces CWDM up to 18 wavelengths at 3 Gb/s already happening

6Gb/s, 12Gb/s, 24Gb/s (optical) serial interface SFP / SFP+ optical modules support

Migrate 6Gb/s and 12Gb/s multi-link interfaces to single-link 6Gb/s and12Gb/s interface single-link 24Gb/s optical interfaces in the future

Migrate single link optical interfaces to multi-link optical interfacesbased on the same hierarchical concatenation concept as multi-link3Gb/s SDI Single and dual interfaces for 6/12, 12/24 and 24/48 Gb/s (SFP+) Quad interfaces 24, 48, 96 Gb/s (QSFP+)

NOTE:QSFP+ form factor [developed for 50GbE / 100GbE applications] creates quad-link optical solutions for 4 x 10Gb and 4 x 25G

Gennum 3Gbs SDI

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