EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERSapiarab.org/file2/source/firstconf/PRESENTATION GARCIA...EXPORTERS AND...

مؤتمر الجمعية العربية لتربية النحل األول

م2018فبراير 5-6

دوله اإلمارات العربية المتحدة-مركز أبوظبي الوطني للمعارض

HONEY QUALITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL HONEY MARKET

Prof. Norberto GARCIA (U.N.S. – ARGENTINA)

ApiArab Expo 2018

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EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS

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16

6,4

77

81

,95

9

48

,44

5

41

,13

5

35

,43

3

27

,98

8

26

,50

9

23

,86

9

22

,56

8

16

,34

8

12

,18

5

9,9

27

8,4

87

7,8

65

7,4

90

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

TON

S

15 MAIN HONEY IMPORT COUNTRIES DURING 2016

3

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(June)

% O

F TO

TAL

U.S

. IM

PO

RTS

U.S. IMPORTS FROM 5 MAIN EASTERN AND 5 MAIN AMERICAN HONEY EXPORT COUNTRIES

EASTERN AMERICAN

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25,612 26,406

68,942

23,800

38,498

28,362

40,496

20,983

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

TO JAPAN TO U.K. TO REST OF EU TO REST WORLD

TON

S

EVOLUTION OF CHINESE HONEY EXPORTS BY DESTINATION

2015

2016NMR REQUIREMENT BY SUPERMARKETS

5

12

8,3

30

81

,18

3

54

,44

2

42

,22

4

35

,79

3

29

,09

8

26

,87

4

25

,32

5

24

,20

3

20

,81

6

18

,80

5

17

,95

4

13

,73

1

10

,37

1

9,6

26

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

TON

S

15 MAIN HONEY EXPORT COUNTRIES DURING 2016

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-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

TON

S

EVOLUTION OF HONEY EXPORTS OF TWO GROUP OF COUNTRIES

CHINA+UKRAINE+VIET NAM+INDIA+THAILAND

ARGENTINA+MEXICO+BRAZIL+CANADA+URUGUAY

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HONEY QUALITY

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND AROMATICS

COLOUR

HUMIDITY

H.M.F.

CONDUCTIVITY

ACIDITY

PHENOL

NAPHTALENE

COMPOSITION

ADULTERATION

F/G

SACAROSE

DIASTASE

INVERTASE

POLLEN

P.A.S.

G.M.O.

PESTICIDES

COUMAPHOS

FLUVALINATE

AMITRAZ

GLYPHOSATE

CARBENDAZIM

CLORDIMEFOR

NITROIMIDAZOLE

ANTIBIOTICS

TETRACYCLINES

SULFA DRUGS

TRIMETROPRIM

NITROFURANES

STREPTOMYCIN

TYLOSIN

MACROLIDES

QUINOLONES

PHENICOLS

MAIN HONEY QUALTIY PARAMETERS

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HONEY ADULTERATION: The main quality threat

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TYPES OF HONEY FRAUD

1. Intentional dilution with cheap syrups (corn, rice, beet,etc.).

2. Extracting immature honey and dehumidifying it bymechanical means.

3. Use of Resin Technology.

4. Masking the geographical and/or botanical origin.

5. Feeding hives during a nectar flow.

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EVALUATION OF ADULTERATION TESTING WITHOUT NMR

TYPE OF ADULTERATION

FALSE NEGATIVE FALSE POSITIVE

DILUTION WITH C3 SYRUP

ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS -

IMMATURE HONEY ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS -

RESIN TECHNOLOGY ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS -

MASKING GEO ORIGIN DOCUMENTAL SYSTEMS + POLLEN TEST

-

HIVE FEEDING ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS LC-IRMS

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KNOWING NMR TOOL

• NMR is a screening method that analyses 36substances of honey (Targeted)

• Includes Classification Analysis (Non targeted):

Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA).

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EVALUATION OF ADULTERATION BY NMR

TYPE OF ADULTERATION FALSE NEGATIVE FALSE POSITIVE

DILUTION WITH SYRUP NOT AS SENSITIVE AS EA-IRMS OR LC-IRMS

BROAD DATABASE NEEDED

IMMATURE HONEY - BROAD DATABASE NEEDED

RESIN TECHNOLOGY - -

MASKING COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

BEST IN CONJUNTION WITH POLLEN TEST

BEST WITH POLLEN TEST. 200 SAMPLES IN THE NMR DATABASE

NEEDED

HIVE FEEDING FEEDING STUDIES NOW PERFORMED.BEST IN CONJUNTION WITH LC-IRMS

AND SM-B

-

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STRATEGIES TO COMBAT HONEY FRAUD

BOTTOM-UP PRESSURE:

- Awareness of beekeeping community.

- Awareness of consumers. The media.

- Awareness of retailers and packers. Improve testing.

TOP-DOWN PRESSURE:

- Awareness and Collaboration with National Authorities. Honey Standards. Update of official testing.

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PERSPECTIVES

• As long as economically motivated adulteration, customsfraud and the violation of international and national tradelaws persist, the wellbeing and stability of world beekeepersremains in jeopardy.

• Supermarkets have a corporate social responsibility and acommitment to prevent consumer fraud. They have aresponsibility in maintaining honest honey producers thatindirectly help to maintain the environment.

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REFERENCES

International Trade Centre (ITC)

U.N. COMTRADE Statistics.

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THANK YOU !

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EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERSapiarab.org/file2/source/firstconf/PRESENTATION GARCIA...EXPORTERS AND...

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