Español 3 grammar book
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Transcript of Español 3 grammar book
Español 3 Grammar Book
Bruno Peters
Table of Contents
1. El Preterito2. Preterite Triggers3. Cars, Gars, y Zars4. Spock Verbs5. Snake and Snakey Verbs6. Cucharacha Irregulars7. El Imperfecto8. Imperfect Triggers9. Imperfect Irregulars10. Preterite vs. Imperfect11. Verbs like Gustar
12. Comparativos y suerlativos13. Comparative/superlative
Irregulars14. Estar15. Ser16. Transition Words17. El Futuro18. Future Triggers19. Future Irregulars20. Por21. Para
Preterito
• Has a definite time in the past
• Has a beginning or ending
• The most recent past
• Shows interruption
• Perfected time
-ar verbs– e, aste, o, amos, aron
-er verbs-- I, iste, io, imos, ieron
-ir verbs– I, iste, io, imos, ieron
Trigger Words
• Ayer
• Ante Ayer
• anoche,
• En el ano pasado
• Hace time que + conjugated verb
Cars, Gars, y Zars
Car–que, caste, co, camos, caron
Gar–gue, gaste, go, gamos, garon
Zar–ce, zaste, zo, zamos, zaron
Spock Verbs
Spock Verbs
Ir
SerDar
Ver
Hacer
Snake and Snakey Verbs
• Both only change in third person.
• Snake: e>i,o>u
• Snakey: i>y, e>y
Cucharacha Verbs
• Andar- aduv
• Estar- estuv
• Poder- pud
• Poner- pus
• Querer- quis
• Saber- sup
• Tener- tuv
• Venir- vin
• Conducir- conduj
• Producir- produj
• Traducir- traduj
• Decir- dij
• -e, -iste, -o, -isteis, -ieron
El Imperfecto
• The very distant past
• Indicates a continuous action
• Imperfected time
• -ar verbs– aba, abas, aba, abamos, abais, aban
• -er/-ir verbs– ia, ias, ia, iamos, iais, ian.
Imperfect Triggers
• Frcuentamente
• Muchas veces
• Siempre
• Los Lunes
• A veces
• Cada dia
• A menudo
• Todos los dias
• De vez encuando
• mientras
Imperfect Irregulars
IR Ser Ver
iba Era Veia
Ibas Eras Veis
Iba Era Veia
Ibamos Eramos Veiamos
ibais Erais Veis
iban Eran veian
Preterite vs. Imperfect
• A definite time in the past
• Has a beginning and or ending
• The most recent past
• Perfected time
Preterite
• Very distant past
• No beginning or ending
• Imperfected timeImperfect
Verbs like Gustar
• Molestar
• Fascinar
• Caer
• Aburrir
• Faltar
• Quedar
• Supendar
• Preocupar
• Apetecer
• Doler
Comparativos y Superlativos
Mas Adjectivo Que
Menos Adjectivo Que
Comparative/Superlative Irregulars
Bueno
• Mejor
Malo
• Peor
Viejo
• Mayor
Joven
• Menor
These four comparatives/superlatives are irregular.
Estar
Estar
(to be)
Health
Location
Present Condition
Emotion
Ser
• Description• Origin• Characteristics• Time• Occupation• Relationship• Possesion• Event• Date
Transition Words
A pesar de In spite of Aunque eventhough
Mientras while Pero but
Por lo tanto thereforeSin
embargo/ no obstante
nevertheless
El Futuro
• i/you/he/she/we/they/they all will
• Infintive + ending
• -ar –er and –ir
e
as
a
emos
en
Future Trigger Words
• El próximo- día, semana, ano, hora etc..
• Mañana
Future Irregulars
• Caber - cabr
• Decir- dir
• Haber- habr
• Hacer- har
• Hay- habra
• Poder- podr
• Poner- ponr
• Querer- querr
• Saber- sabr
• Salir- saldr
• Tener- tendr
Por
• Passing through- PORtal
• General rather than specific location- PORtugal
• How long something lasts- PORever
• The cause of something- PORpuse
• An exchange- imPORt/exPORt
• Doing something for someone- im POR pay for me
• A means of transportation- transPORtation
Para
• For whom something is done- surpirse PARAtay
• Destination- PARAguay
• The puropse for which something is done-PARAsites
• To express an opinion- PARAdon me but
• To contrast or compare.