ERP 世新大學 ERP 實驗室 Oracle Inventory 講師：莫明鳳 2003/11/14.

世新大學 ERPERP 實驗室

Oracle Inventory

講師：莫明鳳2003/11/14

2003/11/14 Oracle Inventory 2/80


Before Inventory 在庫存系統之前

• ERP 到底有什麼樣的流程



Outline

• Inventory Overview 庫存概觀– Inventory introduction 庫存簡介– Inventory components 庫存要素– Inventory theory 庫存理論

• Oracle Inventory Flow Process 庫存流程– Inventory Enterprise Structure 企業結構– Item 物料– Inventory Control 庫存控制– Miscellaneous Transaction 雜項交易 – Accuracy control 正確性控制– Planning 規劃


Inventory Overview



Inventory Overview 庫存概觀

• Inventory introduction 庫存簡介• Inventory components 庫存要素• Inventory theory 庫存理論



Inventory Introduction 庫存簡介

• 主要任務– 適時掌握正確的存貨狀況

• 效益– 提高帳務處理的作業效率與正確性– 掌握正確即時的庫存資訊– 掌握存貨異動狀況及料件呆滯情形– 提高盤點作業的效率



Inventory Overview 庫存概觀

• Inventory introduction 庫存簡介• Inventory components 庫存要素

– Item 物料– Inventory 倉庫

• Inventory theory 庫存理論



Inventory Components – Item

• Type 分類• Number schema 編碼原則• Engineering aspect 工程面• Inventory aspect 庫存面• Purchasing aspect 採購面



Inventory Components - Item

• Type 分類– Raw material 原物料– WIP (work in process) 在製品– Semi-finished goods 半成品– Finished goods (end item) 成品– MRO (Maintenance , Repair and Operation Suppli

es) 間接物料• Number schema • Engineering aspect • Inventory aspect • Purchasing aspect




• Type• Number schema 編碼原則

– Part number or Item number 品號、料號– 原則：簡單性、單一性、易記性、組織性、充足性

• Engineering aspect • Inventory aspect • Purchasing aspect




• Type• Number schema • Engineering aspect 工程面

– Revision 版本– EC 工程變更– Drawing 圖面

• Inventory aspect • Purchasing aspect




• Type• Number schema • Engineering aspect • Inventory aspect 庫存面

– Locator 儲位– Safety stock 安全庫存 – On-hand quantity 在手量

• Purchasing aspect




• Type• Number schema • Engineering aspect • Inventory aspect • Purchasing aspect 採購面

– Lead-time 前置時間– Order Policy : Reorder point 、 EOQ 再訂購點、經濟訂購量

– Supplier 供應商



Inventory Overview

• Inventory introduction• Inventory components 庫存要素

– Item 物料– Inventory 倉庫

• Inventory theory



Inventory Components - Subinventory

• Types 分類– 按料件分

• 原物料倉• 半成品倉• 成品倉

– 按稅制分• 保稅倉• 非保稅倉

– 其他• 報廢倉、客供品倉等



Inventory Overview

• Inventory introduction• Inventory components• Inventory theory 庫存理論

– ABC analysis ABC 分析– Reorder point 再訂購點– Economic Order Qty ,EOQ 經濟訂購量– Physical inventory 實體盤點



ABC Analysis

• A 類– 約有 10~30% 的存貨項目，價值約佔全部庫存價值的 70~80%

• C 類– 約有 40~50% 的存貨項目，價值約佔全部庫存價值的 5~15%

• B 類– 剩餘的存貨



ABC Analysis

• A 類處理原則– 嚴密管制– 根據歷史資料及預測訂購– 縮短前置時間、嚴密控制交期– 增加循環盤點次數、提高庫存精確度– 放置於容易入出庫位置

• C 類處理原則– 可採較不嚴密管制– 定量訂購方式– 定期盤點



Inventory Overview





Reorder Point 再訂購點

Quantity

Time

Reorder Point再訂購點

Safety Stock安全庫存

Reorder Quantity再訂購數量

Lead TimeLead Time前置時間前置時間



Inventory Overview





EOQ 經濟訂購量



Inventory Overview





Physical Inventory 實體盤點

制定盤點時程計畫制定盤點時程計畫

凍結庫存凍結庫存

列印盤點卡、盤點清冊列印盤點卡、盤點清冊

實際盤點實際盤點

輸入實際盤點數量輸入實際盤點數量

盤點差異列印盤點差異列印

盤差盈虧調整盤差盈虧調整

庫存凍結解除庫存凍結解除

盤點差異對策分析盤點差異對策分析


Oracle Inventory Flow Process



Oracle ERP Overview

庫存Inventory

出貨作業PickingShipping

總帳系統

GL

客戶訂單SO

主生產排程MPS

粗略產能規劃RCCP

物料需求規劃MRP

請購作業PR

採購作業PO

收料作業Receiving

生產方式Discrete

RepetitiveFlow

ProjectProcess

生產發料Issue

生產控制製程移轉Move

Transaction

生產入庫CompletionTransaction

產能需求規劃CRP

應付帳款立帳

Invoice付款作業Payment

票據管理

成本管理Cost

Management

主需求排程MDS

固定資產管理Assets

供應鍊管理最佳化排程

APS

銷售預測FCST

統一發票管理

收款作業Receipts

應收帳款立帳

Invoice



Inventory Flow Process

Enterprise StructureEnterprise Structure

ItemsItems

Inventory ControlsInventory Controls

TransactionTransaction

ABC AnalysisABC Analysis

Cycle Cycle CountingCounting

Physical Physical InventoryInventory

Inventory Inventory PlanningPlanning



Oracle Inventory Flow Process

• Inventory Enterprise Structure 組織架構• Item 物料• Inventory Control 庫存控制• Miscellaneous Transaction 雜項交易 • Accuracy control 正確性控制• Planning 規劃



Inventory Enterprise Structure

Organization AOrganization A組織組織 AA

Organization BOrganization B組織組織 BB

Set of Books 2Set of Books 2

Location BLocation B

Location ALocation A


SubinventorySubinventory倉庫倉庫




LocatorLocator儲位儲位







Enterprise Structure 組織架構 . 例

Organization AOrganization AJess OrgJess Org

Location ALocation AJess LocationJess Location



Je-RM1Je-RM1


Je-FG1Je-FG1


R1.1.1..R1.1.1..LocatorLocator儲位儲位




Oracle Inventory Flow

• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control• Planning




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item 物料

– Unit of Measure , UOM 衡量單位– Define Item 定義物料

• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control• Planning



Unit of Measure 衡量單位

Define UOM classes定義 UOM 類別 Define multiple nonbase

UOMs for each class定義此類別中的其他 UOM

Define IntraclassConversions

定義類別內的轉換機制Define interclass

Conversions定義類別間的轉換機制

Define one base UOMFor each UOM class

定義此類別中的基本 UOM

Define UOM Conversion定義 UOM 轉換機制

Define standardConversions

定義標準的轉換機制



Unit of Measure 衡量單位 . 例

Define UOM classesDefine UOM classesQuantityQuantity Define multiple nonbaseDefine multiple nonbase

UOMs for each classUOMs for each classDozen , GrossDozen , Gross

Define IntraclassDefine IntraclassConversionsConversions

Define interclassDefine interclassConversionsConversions

1 Each = 1.5 Gram1 Each = 1.5 Gram

Define one base UOMDefine one base UOMFor each UOM classFor each UOM class

EachEach

Define UOM ConversionDefine UOM Conversion

Define standardDefine standardConversionsConversions

1 Dozen = 12 Each1 Dozen = 12 Each

針對特定 item




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item 物料

– Unit of Measure , UOM 衡量單位– Define Item 定義物料

• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control• Planning



Define Item using template

Create Item TemplateCreate Item Template建立物料範本建立物料範本

Create Item from Create Item from Template & modifyTemplate & modify

從範本建立物料並修改從範本建立物料並修改

Organization Organization Assignment and modifyAssignment and modify

組織設定並修改組織設定並修改

• 同種類型的品項可先建立template ，以節省新建 item 的時間

• 建好 item後，可依需要配置給不同的組織使用。




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control 庫存控制

– Locator control 儲位控制– Revision control 版本控制– Lot control 批量控制– Serial number control 序號控制

• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control• Planning



Locator Control 儲位控制

• Track items by rack and bin locators.• Assign default shipping locators for items.• Assign default receiving locators for items.• Restrict items to particular locators.• Use locators in a material transaction



Locator Control 儲位控制

SubinventorySubinventory SubinventorySubinventory

LocatorLocator

OrganizationOrganization

Item Item withwith locator control i locator control in this subinventoryn this subinventory

Item Item withoutwithout locator contro locator control in this subinventoryl in this subinventory




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control





Revision Control 版本控制

• Track items by revision information.• Enter a miscellaneous receipt with revision

control.• Enter a engineering change order with

revision number.

Revision ARevision A Revision BRevision B



Lot Control 批量控制

• Track specific batches of items.• Regulate the use of perishable items.• Enable lot and shelf life control of items.

Lot Lot #032698#032698



Serial Number Control 序號控制

• Track individual units of items that you store and transact in your organization.

• Track items that you want to maintain very tight control.

SN SN #0101549#0101549




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction 雜項交易• Accuracy control• Planning



原料倉原料倉

出貨倉出貨倉成品倉成品倉

工程倉工程倉

Inventory Organization 1

庫房調撥

Misc. Transactions

Inventory Organization 2

原料倉原料倉成品倉成品倉

採購採購 (( 供應商供應商 ))

檢驗檢驗

在製品在製品 (( 工單工單 ))

收料

收料入庫

工單領料

完工入庫

雜項收發雜項收發

跨組織調撥客戶客戶

訂單出貨

盤點計畫盤點計畫盤點調整

成本變動成本變動成本更新

RMA 收貨




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control 正確性控制

– Overview 概觀– Physical inventory 實體盤點– ABC analysis ABC 分析– Cycle counting 循環盤點

• Planning



Overview 概觀

• Why need accuracy control?• Reasons

– Effective planning – Minimizing inventory investment

• Methods – Physical inventory 實體盤點– ABC analysis ABC 分析– Cycle counting 循環盤點




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control 正確性控制


• Planning



Oracle Physical Inventory

Define physical inventoryDefine physical inventory

Snapshot of on-hand quantitiesSnapshot of on-hand quantities

Generate tagsGenerate tags

Count ItemsCount Items

Enter countsEnter counts

Approve countsApprove counts

Run adjustment programRun adjustment program

定義盤點定義盤點

快照系統數量快照系統數量

產生盤點卡產生盤點卡

實際盤點數量實際盤點數量

輸入盤點數量輸入盤點數量

確認盤點數量確認盤點數量

盤點差異入帳盤點差異入帳



Define physical inventoryDefine physical inventory

Snapshot of on-hand quantitiesSnapshot of on-hand quantities

Generate tagsGenerate tags

Count ItemsCount Items

Enter countsEnter counts

Approve countsApprove counts

Run adjustment programRun adjustment program

Physical Inv. v.s Oracle Physical Inv.制定盤點時程計畫制定盤點時程計畫

凍結庫存凍結庫存

列印盤點清冊、盤點卡列印盤點清冊、盤點卡

實際盤點實際盤點

輸入實際盤點數量輸入實際盤點數量

盤點差異列印盤點差異列印

盤差盈虧調整盤差盈虧調整

庫存凍結解除庫存凍結解除

盤點差異對策分析盤點差異對策分析



Define Physical Inventory & Snapshot



Generate Tags



Enter Counts



Approve Counts



Run Adjustment Program




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control


• Planning



ABC Analysis

Define ABC compilationDefine ABC compilation Define ABC classesDefine ABC classes

Define ABC groupDefine ABC group

Assign Items to ABC classesAssign Items to ABC classes

Update class assignmentsUpdate class assignments




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control


• Planning



Cycle Count

High-Value Item to CountHigh-Value Item to Count

Low-Value Item to CountLow-Value Item to Count





Day 1 of Cycle CountDay 1 of Cycle Count



ComputerComputer

PrinterPrinter

ComputerComputer

MouseMouse

ComputerComputer

PrinterPrinter




• Inventory Enterprise Structure• Item• Inventory Control• Miscellaneous Transaction • Accuracy control• Planning 規劃

– Reorder point 、 EOQ 再訂購點、經濟訂購量



Reorder Point 再訂購點

Quantity

Time

Reorder Point

Safety Stock

Lead TimeLead Time

Reorder Quantity



EOQ 經濟訂購量



Reorder Point Steps

Enter item-planning attributes.Enter item-planning attributes.

Forecast item demand.Forecast item demand.

Define safety stocks.Define safety stocks.

Run reorder-point report.Run reorder-point report.


問題討論

ERP 世新大學 ERP 實驗室 Oracle Inventory 講師：莫明鳳 2003/11/14.

Documents

Transcript of ERP 世新大學 ERP 實驗室 Oracle Inventory 講師：莫明鳳 2003/11/14.