Egypt Western Desert

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Shale Rocks

Shale Rocks

Shale rockis a type of sedimentary rock formed from clay that is compacted togetherby pressure. They are used to make bricks and other material that is firedin a kiln.


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Limestone Rocks

Limestone Rocks

Limestone rocksare sedimentary rocks that are made from the mineral calcite whichcame from the beds of evaporated seas and lakes and from sea animalshells. This rock is used in concrete and is an excellent building stone forhumid regions.


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Marl is a rock containing clay and calcium carbonate. It is formedfrom the erosion of other rocks during weathering; as rocks erode,small sedimentary particles--sand, silt, and clay--pile up on top of

each other. Eventually, these sedimentary particles becomecompacted together to form a new rock. The type of new rock that is

formed depends on the original rock that was eroded and on thenature of the erosion. If the new rock contains predominantly clay

and calcium carbonate, it is called marl.


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Oil

Heres an example of a dome-shapedOil reservoir.

Note the layer of impermeable rock which prevents the oil from migrating upwards.

Also, note the layer of water below which prevents the oil from escaping down. Why?

Water

Prepared by Tom Sheeran


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Here we see what a reservoir rock would look like through amagnifying lens. The yellow objects represent sand grains that are

packed together. Notice, however, the purple areas between thesand grains. These areas (also known as "pore spaces") are wherethe oil fits into the rock. In a very "porous" rock (one with many

pore spaces), oil can move freely through these spaces.


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Sandstone Rocks

Sandstone rocks:are sedimentary rocks made from small grains of the minerals quartzand feldspar. They often form in layers as seen in this picture. Theyare often used as building stones.

Sandstone Rocks


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Conglomerate Rocks

Conglomerate:rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are made up of large sedimentslike sand and pebbles. The sediment is so large that pressure alonecannot hold the rock together; it is also cemented together withdissolved minerals.

Conglomerate Rocks


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Cap Rocks, or seal, is a relativelyimpermeablerock that serves as a barrierbetween fluids and other rocks. Buoyant,migrating fluids remain trapped in thereservoir by the caprock unless deformationor erosion breaches the seal. Salt and shale

commonly have excellent sealing properties.
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=sealhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=impermeablehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=rockhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=reservoirhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=caphttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=rockhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=erosionhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=sealhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=Salthttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=shalehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=shalehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=Salthttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=sealhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=erosionhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=rockhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=caphttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=reservoirhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=rockhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=impermeablehttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=seal


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Gypsum Rocks

Gypsum Rocks

Gypsum rocks:are sedimentary rocks made up of sulfate mineral and formed as theresult of evaporating sea water in massive prehistoric basins. It is very softand is used to make Plaster of Paris, casts, molds, and wallboards.


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Gas

Heres an example of a Gas reservoir.

Again, note the impermeable layer of rock preventing the gas from

escaping.

Water

Prepared by Tom Sheeran


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Egypt Western Desert

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