EAC

JUMUIYA YA AFRIKA MASHARIKI

MINISITERI ISHINZWE IBIKORWA BY’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

Gashyantare 2011

Imishinga na Gahunda by’Umuryango w’Afurika

y’Iburasirazuba

Agatabo k’Amahugurwa

REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

IMISHINGA NA GAHUNDA BY’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA

Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

AGATABO K’AMAHUGURWA

Gashyantare 2011

Aka gatabo gakubiyemo incamake y’imishinga na za gahunda z’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba nk’uko zikubiye mu byiciro by’ubufatanye, aribyo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyerekeranye n’ubukungu;• Ibikorwa remezo, ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga;• Urwego rwo kongera umusaruro; • Urwego rw’imbonezamubano; n’• Ubufatanye mu by’amategeko, ubucamanza na politiki;

Aho tubarizwa:

MINEACKimihurura, Inyubako ya MINAFFET, Etaje ya 4

B.P 267 Kigali - RwandaPhone: +250-252-580513

E-mail: mineac@mineac.gov.rwWebsite: www.mineac.gov.rw

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URUTONDE RW’AMAGAMBO AHINNYE

AGOA : Amasezerano ku Itegeko ku mahirwe yo gukura mu by’ubukunguAI : Avian InfluenzaATO : Umuryango wigisha iby’indegeCASSOA : Ikigo gishinzwe gukurikirana umutekano w’Indege za gisiviriCOMESA : Common Market for Eastern and Southern AfricaCSD : ibikorwa remezo by’Ububiko bukuru mpuzakarere bw’impapuro mvunjafarangaCU : Ubufatanye mu bya za GasutumoDAAD : Deutcher Akademisher Austausch DienstDTA : Gusoreshwa Inshuro irenze imwe ku gicuruzwa kimweEAC – BIN : Urusobe rw’ibikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga ry’umuyoboro wagutse w’Umuryango wa EACEAC – CET : Amahooro rusange ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu Gihugu mu bihugu bya EACEAC – CMEA : EAC Customs Management ActEAC : Umuryango w’Africa y’IburasirazubaEACJ : Urukiko rwa Afurika y’IburasirazubaEADB : Banki itsura amajyambere y’Afurika y’IburasirazubaEAIDSNet : Urugaga ruhuriweho rw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rukurikirana indwara EALA : Inteko Nshingamategeko y’Afurica y’IburasirazubaEAMU : Ifaranga rihuriweho ry’Afurika y’IburasirazubaEAPP : Umuyoboro w’Ingufu z’Amashanyarazi mu Muryango w’Afurika y’IburasirazubaEATTFP : Umushinga w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba wo koroshya Ubucuruzi no gutwara abantu n’ibintue-HMIS : Uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga buhuriweho bwo gucunga amakuru y’iby’ubuvuziEPA : Amasezerano y’Ubufatanye mu by’Ubukungu

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EU : Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’IburayiEWS : Uburyo bwo gutahura ibiza hakiri kareFDI : Ishoramari ryo hanze y’igihugu ritaziguyeGDP : Umusaruro Rusange w’IgihuguGIS : bwo guhana amakuru ku bumenyi bw’isiGNSS : Uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo kuyobora indege hakoreshejwe sateliteHLTF : Itsinda Nshingwabikorwa ryo kurwego rwo hejuruICT : Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho n’ItangamakuruIDSR : Guhuza uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu bihugu mu gukurikirana no kuvura indwaraIT : Ikoranabuhanga mu ItangamakuruIUCEA : Inama Ihuza za Kaminuza z’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba LVBC : Komisiyo ishinzwe ikibaya k’ikiyaga cya VigitoriyaLVFO : Umuryango ushinzwe uburobyi mu kiyaga cya VigitoriyaLVWATSAN : Umushinga w’Amazi n’Isukura w’Ikiyaga cya VigitoriyaNTB : Inzitizi zidashingiye ku MahoroRAIA : Ikigo mpuzakarere cyigenga gishinzwe gukora iperereza ku mpanukaREACH : Umushinga w’ingamba za politiki y’ubuzima mu karere k’Afurika y’IburasirazubaREC : Regional Economic CommunityRESP : imikoreshereze itunganye y’umutungo no gukora mu nganda ibicuruzwa birushijeho kugira isukuSADC : Southern African Development CommunitySPS : imiti ikoreshwa mu kwita ku bimeraSQMT : Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology and TestingSTAR : Strengthening Trade at Regional Level in Agriculture Inputs in AfricaTIFA : Trade and Investment Framework AgreementUFIR : Unified Upper Information RegionUNFCCC - COP : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

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Change – Conference Of PartiesUNIDO : Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Nganda n’IterambereUSA : United State of AmericaVAT : Umusoro ku NyongeragaciroWTO : Umuryango w’Isi w’Ubucuruzi

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Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni umuryango uhuza Leta z’ibihugu ku rwego rw’akarere ari byo Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Repubulika y’u Bu-rundi, Repubulika ya Kenya, Re-pubulika y’u Buganda na Repubu-lika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya. Icyicaro cyawo gikuru kiri Aru-sha muri Tanzaniya. Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yashyizweho umu-kono ku italiki ya 30 Ugushyingo 1999, atangira gushyirwa mu bikor-wa ku italiki ya 7 Nyakanga 2000 nyuma yo kwemezwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu bitatu byawutangiye arib-yo Kenya, u Buganda na Tanzaniya. Ibihugu by’u Rwanda n’u Burundi byashyize umukono ku masezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku italiki ya 18 Kamena 2007 hanyuma biba aban-yamuryango ku buryo bwuzuye ku italiki ya 1 Nyakanga 2007.

1.2 ICYEREKEZO CY’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

Umuryango w’Afurika

y’Iburasirazuba usagamba, utekanye kandi wunze ubumwe mu bya poli-tiki.

1.2 INTEGO N’IMIGAMBI

Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ugamije kwagu-ra no gushimangira ubufatanye bw’ibihugu biwugize mu byereker-anye na politiki, ubukungu, im-bonezamubano hagamijwe inyungu zihuriweho. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, ibi-hugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byashyizeho Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo mu mwaka wa 2005. Amasezerano ashyiraho isoko rusange yasinywe kuri 20 Ugushy-ingo 2009 atangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuya 1 Nyakanga 2010. Ubu hatangiye imishyikirano iza-ganisha ku ishyirwaho ry’ifaranga rimwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 2012 hanyuma y’ibyo hazakurikiraho im-ishyikirano y’ishyirwaho ry’Igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

1.3 UKWAGUKA KW’UMURYANGO

Kugira ngo habeho Umuryago mugari w’ubukungu mpuzakarere

UMUTWE WA I: AMATEKA RUSANGE N’AMAVU N’AMAVUKO Y’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA

Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

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1.4 UKO UMURY-ANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA WAGIYE UKURA

1900: Mombasa yabaye Icyicaro cy’ikusanya ry’amahoro ya gasuta-mo hagati ya Kenya n’u Buganda;1905 kugera 1966: Hashizweho Ur-wego rw’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rushinzwe imicungire y’ifaranga,1917: Ubufatanye mu bya gasu-tamo hagati ya Kenya, U Buganda; Tanganyika yajemo muri 1922;1948: Hashyizweho Komisiyo Nkuru y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;1961: Hashyizweho Umuryango w’ibyerekeye serivisi rusange,

Amaposita n’Itumanaho by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, Imihanda ya gari ya moshi n’Ibyambu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, Inzira zo mu kirere z’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, Serivisi z’ingendo zo mu kirere z’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, EADB); 1967: Amasezerano ashyiraho umuryango yashyizweho;1977: Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba warasenyutse;1991: Abakuru b’Ibihugu bya Kenya, u Buganda na Tanzaniya bemeye kubyutsa ubufatanye;1993: Akanama gahoraho ga-huriweho n’impande eshatu kagamije ubufatanye bw’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kashyizweho;

ugizwe n’u Burundi, Kenya, u Rwan-da ,Tanzaniya n’u Buganda ufite abaturage bose hamwe barenga mil-iyoni 125, ubuso bw’ubutaka buh-wanye na kilometero kare miliyoni 1,82 kandi n’Umusaruro mbumbe

w’imbere mu gihugu wa miliyari 60 z’amadolari y’Amerika(2008*) bi-fite icyo bisobanuye kinini mu rwe-go rw’imiterere na politiki bigamije kuvugurura no guha ingufu Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Ubuso (habariwemo amazi): Miliyoni 1,82 km2 Abaturage: Miliyoni 126.2Umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu: Miliyari 60 USDIkigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu Ikigereranyo cy’umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu ku muturage:

$424

Ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro mbumbe w'imbere mu gihugu

6.8%

Dore incamake y’imibare iranga Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba:

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1996: Ubunyamabanga bw’ubufatanye bw’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bwatangijwe ku mugaragaro Arusha;1999: Amasezerano ashy-iraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yashyizweho umukono;2001: Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba watangijwe ku mugaragaro n’ibihugu 3 byari big-ize umuryango;2005: Ihuriro rya za Gasu-tamo hagati y’ibihugu byatangije Umuryango ryashyizweho;2007: U Rwanda n’u Burundi byinjiye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu bya Afurika y’i bur-asirazuba;Taliki ya 1 Nyakanga 2009: u Rwanda n’u Burundi byagiye ku mugaragaro mu ihuriro rya za Gasutamo;Ku wa 20 Ugushyingo 2009: Amasezerano ashyiraho Iso-ko rusange ry’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yashyizweho umukono mu nama y’Abakuru b’ibihugu.Kuwa 1 Nyakanga 2010: Isoko rusange ry’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ryatangijwe ku mugaragaro

1.5 NI IZIHE NZEGO Z’UBUFATANYE HAGATI

Y’IBIHUGU BIGIZE UMURY-ANGO?

Binyuranye n’ibyari bigam-biriwe mbere n’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, wiban-daga cyane ku mikoranire ya za Leta zigize ibihugu, Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mushya wagaragaje bidasu-birwaho uruhare rw’ingirakamaro rw’urwego rw’abikorera ku giti cyabo n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta: amahame agenga in-tego z’umuryango “ashingiye ku baturage, kandi hakimirizwa im-bere gukora hagambiriwe isoko” (Ingingo ya 7 y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba).Ubufatanye no guhuriza hamwe ku rwego rw’akarere bitegany-ijwe mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bireba ingeri ny-inshi, hakubiyemo ubufatanye mu nzego za politiki, ubukun-gu, imbonezamubano n’umuco, ubushakashatsi, ikoranabuhanga no kongera ubumenyi-ngiro, kurinda ubusugire bw’ibihugu, umutekano, n’ibyerekeranye n’amategeko hagamijwe iterambere rihuriweho kandi ringana kuri bose mu karere.

1. 6 NI IZIHE NKINGI Z’UGUHURIZA HAMWE?

Ikarita ngenderwaho y’Umuryango

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Integration Ishusho y’inzira iganisha ku guhuriza hamwe kw’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yer-ekana inzira uhereye ku Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo werekeza ku Isoko rusange n’Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuriweho, bikazagera ku iremwa ry’Igihugu kimwe (Political Fed-eration).

Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo ryashyiz-weho mu 2005 naho Amasezerano ashyiraho Isoko rusange ashyir-waho umukono mu 2009, rikaba ryari rigeze igihe cyo gutangizwa ku mugaragaro mu 2010. Hanyuma Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuri-

1.7 INZEGO N’IBIGO BY’UMURYANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

a) Ubuyobozi bukuru

Ibihugu bigize umuryango bi-simburana ku buyobozi mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe

b) Inzego zigize umuryango

i. Inama y’Abakuru b’ibihugu igizwe n’Abakuru b’ibihugu bigize umuryango ikaba itanga icyerekezo rusange gikurikizwa mu kugera ku ntego z’umuryango.

ii. Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri ni ur-

wego rw’ingenzi rufata ibyemezo. Iryo huriro rigizwe n’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu bigize umuryango bash-inzwe ubutwererane bwo mu karere

iii. Komite mpuzabikorwa igizwe n’abanyamabanga bahoraho kandi ikaba itanga raporo ku Inam y’Abaminisitiri Ishinzwe ubutwer-erane bwo mu karere kand igahuza ibikorwa bya komite z’amatsinda.

iv. Komite z’amatsinda zikora za gahunda zikanakurikirana ishy-irwa mu bikorwa byazo. Inama y’Abaminisitiri ishyiraho za komite ibigiriwemo inama na za komite mpuzabikorwa.

v. Urukiko rw’Umuryango

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w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rushinz-we kureba niba amategeko yum-vwa kimwe kandi agashyirwa mu bikorwa hakurikijwe Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango.

vi. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni urubuga rwo kunguraniramo ibi-tekerezo. Iyo nteko ifite inshingano y’ubugenzuzi kandi ikagira uruhare mugushyiraho amategeko.

vii. Ubunyamabanga ni urwego nyubahirizategeko rw’Umuryango. Nk’urwego rushinzwe kurinda Amasezerano ashyiraho umury-ango, rugomba kureba niba am-ategeko n’amabwiriza yemejwe n’Inama y’abaminisitiri ashyirwa mu bikorwa uko bikwiye.

Inzego z’ubunyamabanga• Umunyamabanga mukuru (bagira manda y’imyaka 5, basimburana hakurikijwe buri gihugu mu bihugu bigize umuryango);• Abanyamabanga bungirije 4 (3 bashyirwaho mu rwego rwa poli-tiki; Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe zagasutamo n’ubucuruzi);• Abadiregiteri; • Abakozi b’abanyamwuga.

c) Ibigo by’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byigenga mu micungire

Komisiyo ishinzwe ikibaya k’ikiyaga cya Vigitoriya (LVBC)Komisiyo ishinzwe ikibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Vigitoriya ishinz-we imicungire n’iterambere ry’ikibaya k’Ikiyaga cya Vigi-toriya kandi igafatwa nk’ihuriro ry’iterambere ry’ishoramari n’ihererekanya ry’amakuru hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa banyuranye. Icyicaro gikuru cy’iyo komisiyo kiri i Kisumu muri Kenya.

Umuryango ushinzwe uburobyi mu kiyaga cya Vigitoriya (LVFO)Uwo muryango uhuza ibikorwa by’uburobyi mu kiyaga cya Vigito-riya kandi ugakora ku buryo amafi n’ibiyakomokaho biboneka muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kandi bi-kagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

Inama Ihuza za Kaminuza z’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (IU-CEA)Iyo nama iharanira iterambere n’ubufatanye hagati ya za kaminu-za ziwugize n’izindi nzego za Leta n’izigenga.

Banki itsura amajyambere y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EADB)EADB yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1967 kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo by’ubusumbane mu iterambere mu bihugu byari bigize Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

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wa kera. EADB ifite inshingano y’ingenzi yo gushyiraho Isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu byerekeranye no gushakisha imari ishobora kugurizwa Isoko ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Ikigo gishinzwe gukurikirana umutekano w’Indege za gisiviri (CASSOA)CASSOA ni ikigo cyihariye cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gishinzwe gukurikirana ko habaho uburyo bw’ingendo zo mu ndege za gisiviri zirangwa n’umutekano. Intego nkuru z’icyo kigo ni uguhuza ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’umutekano nyawo kandi uram-bye w’indege za gisiviri no kwita ku bikorwa remezo byerekeranye n’umutekano mu muryango.

d) Ni izihe nyungu n’amahirwe u Rwanda rutegereje ku kwin-jira mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba?

1. Isoko ryagutse rishingiye ku ihuzwa ry’amasoko, rikurura abashoramari ( abaturage barenga miliyoni 120);2. Ijwi rirushaho kumvikana mu mishyikirano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi (Ijwi rifite ingufu mu mishyikirano yo ku rwego rw’isi (WTO, EPAs, AGOA, etc.);3. Guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuza-karere rishingiye ku rujya n’uruza

rw’ibicuruzwa;4. Amasosiyete abasha kungukira mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bijyana no gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi ;5. Imicungire myiza n’inyungu z’umusaruro;6. Ibihugu bigize umuryango biza-gira ubumenyi buhagije mu kintu runaka;7. Gukuraho uburyo bunyuranye bw’ivangura hagati y’ibihugu;8. Kubana no guturana neza mu mahoro;9. Gukemura impaka mu mahoro;10. Imikorere myiza mu guteza imbere gukora ubucuruzi; 11. Gushyira hamwe mu guteza im-bere ibikorwa remezo bikazatuma ubucuruzi bwo mu karere bworoha;12. Abanyemari bishyira hamwe mu bucuruzi bakanabasha kwagura ishoramari;13. Ibihugu bidakora ku nyaja biza-gira uburenganzira ku byambu;14. Ibiciro bihendutse mu gu-kora ubucuruzi (ingero: ibisabwa byinshi mu biro, ihindagurika ry’igipimo cy’ivunjisha );15. Ipiganwa riziyongera, ibiciro bigabanuke,maze abaguzi babyun-gukiremo16. Ibicuruzwa na serivisi bihendu-tse kandi byiza, kandi ukaba ush-obora guhitamo mu byinshi birimo udushya, ibiciro bibereye umuguzi;17. Igihombo kizaterwa n’inzibacyuho: hari sosiyete ziza-hita zisenyukave;

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18. Ihinduka ry’igihe kirekire mu rwego rw’ubukungu- hazabaho kuvana ibicuruzwa hanze kandi biri kure y’ibyambu;19. Ihinduka rusange ry’ibintu: ugukura n’imirimo ariko ikiger-eranyo cy’icyo bizamara ntikivug-waho rumwe;20. Izamuka ry’ibyacurujwe , inyungu ikiyongera ku nganda zikora neza;21. Igabanuka ry’ibiciro ku mu-guzi;22. Izamuka ry’umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu n’iboneka ry’akazi; 23. Ibiciro by’ubwikorezi bizaga-banuka;24. Kwiyongera k’ubumenyi ngiro mu karere; 25. Kwaguka kw’ishoramari binyu-jijwe mu masosiyete y’ubucuruzi ahuriweho; 26.Ivanwaho ry’amahoro hagati y’ibihugu n’imbogamizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku ma-horo:

• Amafaranga n’imisoro y’ubwoko bwinshi bitangwa ku mipaka;• Imikorere n’ibisabwa byinshi muri za gasutamo bitesha igihe kandi bitagira umumaro;• Itangwa ry’impushya rigira abo bibanga• Za bariyeri• iminzani• Inzitizi nshya zidashingiye ku

mahoro zizashyirwa mu bikor-wa zigamije kugaruza amahoro yavuyeho kubera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubufatanye mu bya za gasutamo.

e) Ni izihe mbogamizi u Rwan-da ruzahura nazo mu kwin-jira mu muryango w’afurika y’Iburasirazuba?

1. Imyumvire mike ku bafatan-yabikorwa kuri bamwe na bamwe;2. Ubufatanye bw’inzego zimwe na zimwe budashimishije (ntibabigira ibyabo); 3. Ubushobozi buke bwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ashy-iraho umuryango ndetse n’andi mategeko;4. Urwego rw’abikorera nka moteri y’ubufatanye ntirwiyumva ku buryo bushimishije muri ubwo bufatanye;5. Ihuzwa ry’ingamba n’amategeko biracyari imbogamizi;6. Ingamba z’inzibacyuho no gushyigikira urwego rw’abikorera kugira ngo rukure inyungu nyin-shi mu bufatanye ntibirajyaho ku buryo bufatika;7. Ingamba z’inzibacyuho no gushyigikira urwego rw’abikorera kugira ngo rukure inyungu nyin-shi mu bufatanye ntibirajyaho ku buryo bufatika;8. Kongera ubumenyi mu isesen-gura n’imishyikirano bigira uruhare

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muri gahunda y’ubufatanye;9. Itakaza ry’imisoro ry’igihe gito rikomoka ku ivanwaho ry’amahoro hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryango n’ikoreshwa rusange ry’amahoro yakwa ku bicuruzwa bivuye hanze y’umuryango;10. Hazabaho isenyuka ry’inganda zimwe na zimwe (Creative de-struction of production structures); inganda zidashoboye ipiganwa mu isoko ryaguye, zumva ko ziri zony-ine zizasenyuka;11. Kubarizwa mu miryango my-inshi;12. Urwego rw’abikorera ruda-komeye ugereranyije n’urwo mu bindi bihugu bigize umuryango:

a. Inganda zidafite ishingiro

rihamwe (inganda ahanini ntoya n’iziciriritse, n’inganda nke cyane zateye imbere);b. Abakora ubucuruzi ntibafite ubumenyi buhagije bw’amategeko y’ipiganwa haba mu rwego rw’igihugu no mu rwego rw’akarere;

13. Ubumenyingiro budahagije; 14. Igaragazwa ry’inzitizi nshya zidashingiye ku mahoro;15. Ibikoresho bidahagije by’ibigo bishinzwe ubuziranenge kugira ngo bishobore gukora imilimo yo gupima ubuziranenge;16. Amafaranga adahagije mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga na za gahunda z’umuryango.

UMUTWE WA II: URWEGO RW’ IBYEREKERANYE N’UBUKUNGU

Amasezerano ashyiraho Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu mitwe ya 11, 12, 13, na 14 agena ubufatanye mu gushiman-gira ubwisazure n’iterambere mu by’ubucuruzi; ubufatanye mu ishoramari no guteza imbere inganda; ubufatanye mu gushy-iraho amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge, gutsura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, ibipimo n’isuzuma n’ubufatanye mu by’amafaranga n’imari.Hagamijwe guteza imbere ubufat-

anye muri izo nzego zimaze kuvugwa, Ibihugu bigize umuryango byemeye gushyiraho hagati yabyo Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo, Isoko rusange n’Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuriweho.

2.1 UBWISANZURE BW’UBUCURUZI N’ITERAMBERE

1. Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo

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a) Ni ibiki bigira Ihuriro rya za gasutamo?

Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo ni kimwe mu bice bigize inzira iganisha ku ikusanyabukungu ikubiyemo:

1) Gahunda igamije ikurwaho ry’amahoro hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryango;2) Ikurikizwa Amahoro rusange ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu Gi-hugu y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC CET) igizwe n’amahoro ku bicuruzwa ari mu nzego eshatu:

• Ibintu fatizo bibyazwa ib-indi mu nganda n’ibikoresho by’inganda 0%• Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego ruciriritse 10%• Ibicuruzwa byatunganyijwe 25%;

3) Ikurikizwa rihuye hose ry’Amategeko agenga zagasutamo/Itegeko rigena Imicungire ya za gasutamo mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;4) Ikurikizwa ry’Amategeko ku nk-omoko y’ibicuruzwa y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;5) Ingamba zihuriweho zigamije kuvanaho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro

Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ryatangijwe ku

mugaragaro mu 2005 mu bi-hugu bitatu byatangije Umury-ango: Repubulika ya Kenya, Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya na Repubulika y’u Buganda Ibihugu by’u Rwanda n’u Burundi byatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa Ihuriro rya za Gasu-tamo ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2009.

b) Intego z’ubufatanye mu bya za gasutamo

Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rishingiye ku ntego enye z’ingenzi:

• Guteza cyane imbere ubwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi bw’ibihahwa hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryango;• Kongera umusaruro mu mury-ango hifashishijwe imikorere inoze;• Kongera ishoramari ry’imbere mu gihugu, ubuhahirane bw’abaturiye imipaka n’ishoramari mpuzamah-anga mu muryango;• Koroshya iterambere ry’ubukungu n’urunyurane rw’ibihahwa mu nganda zo mu muryango.

c) Uko bihagaze magingo aya

1) Ibicuruzwa byose biva mu bi-hugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika

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y’Iburasirazuba nta mahoro bicib-wa; 2) Amahooro rusange ku bi-curuzwa byinjira mu Gihugu (CET) y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba akurikizwa mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango. 3) Itegeko rigena Imicungire ya za gasutamo mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (CMA) rirakurikiz-wa n’Ibihugu byose biwugize;4) Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byiyemeje kuvanaho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku ma-horo (NTBs);

d) Ingorane

1) Ibyemezo by’inkomoko byan-ditswe ku buryo bworohejwe ntibiboneka ku biro byo ku mipaka byose;2) Hari ugukererwa no gutsim-barara muri bimwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango ku byerekeranye no kuvanaho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro

2. Ishyirwaho rya Biro Imwe Ihuriweho n’ibihugu bihana im-bibi (OSBP)

Intego nyamukuru ya Biro Imwe ihuriweho n’ibihugu bihana im-bibi ni ukurushaho koroher-eza ubucuruzi, binyuze mu rujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa, abantu na

serivisi mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’uturere bisangiye imbibi. Abagenda n’abagaruka bose bakoresha biro yo ku mupaka imwe bahagararaho rimwe gusa muri buri cyerekezo cy’urugendo kandi imi-genzereze ku kwinjira no gusohoka bikorerwa mu gace k’igenzura ka-mwe.

a) Inyungu zishoboka:

1) Kunguka igihe ku bakora ibyo gutwara abantu n’ibintu no kuga-banyuka kw’ibiciro ku baguzi b’ibicuruzwa; 2) Uburyo bw’igenzura n’isoresha binoze kurushaho ;3) Gukora ingendo nta nkomyi hagati y’Ibihugu bigize umury-ango;4) Ukwiyongera kw’ipiganwa mu masoko mpuzamahanga; 5) Isangiramakuru rirushijeho gu-korwa neza.

b) Uko byifashe magingo aya:

1) Umushinga w’itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rishyiraho Biro imwe ihuriweho n’ibihugu bihana imbibi ririmo gutegurwa;2) Umushinga w’itegeko ry’u Rwanda rishyiraho Biro imwe ihuriweho ririmo gutegurwa;3) Biro byo ku mupaka wa Gatuna hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Buganda na

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biro yo ku mupaka wa RUTETE hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi byatangiye gukora;4) U Rwanda na Tanzaniya byashy-ize umukono ku masezerano ahyir-waho Biro imwe yo ku mupaka wa RUSUMO bihuriyeho byombi.

c) Ingorane

1) Ku mipaka yose ntiharashyirwa Biro zihuriweho n’ibihugu bihana imbibi; 2) Bimwe mu biro bihuriweho ku mipaka ntibikora ku buryo buk-wiye;

3. Inzitizi zitari iz’amahooro mu bihugu bigize Umuryango

Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 16 yater-anye ku wa 13 Nzeri 2008, Arusha, Tanzaniya, yategetse Ubunyama-banga gutegura gahunda igaragaza igihe buri kintu kizakorerwa. Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 13 yateranye kuwa 4 Nzeri 2009 yemeje iyo ga-hunda igaragaza igihe buri kintu kizakorerwa ku ikurwaho ry’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku ma-horo yari yateguwe na za komite nkurikiranabikorwa zo ku rwego rw’igihugu ku nzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro. Inama y’Abaminisitiri na none yas-abye Komite nkurikiranabikorwa z’Ibihugu bigize umuryango ku

nzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro kujya zitanga raporo za buri gihembwe ku ikurwaho ry’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku ma-horo. Inama nyunguranabitekerezo mpuzakarere ya 4 y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku nz-itizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro yateranye ku wa 16 – 18 Nzeri 2010, ubwo gahunda iga-ragaza igihe buri kintu kizakorerwa yavuguruwe.

Ingorane nkuru

Nubwo Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya-koze iyo bwabanga ngo hakurweho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro zagaragajwe, byagara-gaye ko hakiri ugutinza ikurwaho ry’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zidashingiye ku mahoro muri bimwe mu bihugu bigize Umuryango.

4. Politiki y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku ipiganwa rinyuze mu mucyo no kurengera umuguzi

Intego ya Politiki y’ipiganwa y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni uguteza imbere no gushimangira ipiganwa ritagira uwo ribogamiyeho mu muryango, guteganyiriza umuguzi ubuzi-ma bwiza no gushyiraho uburyo bw’umumuryango budasumbanya aho umucuruzi abasha kubona

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inyungu imushimishije umuguzi nawe akizihirwa n’ibyo aguze.

a) Uko byifashe magingo aya: 1) Itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ryer-ekeranye n’ipiganwa ryatangiye kubahirizwa kuva mu 20062) Amategeko y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yereker-anye n’ipiganwa yemejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 21.3) Itegeko ry’u Rwanda ryer-ekeranye n’ipiganwa ryemejwe n’Inama y’abaminisitiri kandi hashyizweho Ikigo gishinzwe ipiganwa rinyuze mu muco no kurengera umuguzi muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda.

b) Inyungu zishoboka

1) Ukwiyongera kw’ishoramari ryo hanze y’igihugu ritaziguye (FDI)2) Ukwiyongera k’umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu;3) Ukurushaho kunoga kw’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa4) Iremwa/ishyirwaho ry’imirimo 5) Kugabanyuka kw’ubukene6) Kugabanyuka kw’ibiciro

5. Imishyikirano y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’indi miryango y’ubukungu mpuzakarere n’ibindi bihugu

Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba uraiho ushy-ikirana ko habaho amasezera-no anyuranye mu by’ubucuruzi n’ubukungu wahuriraho n’indi miryango y’ubukungu mpu-zakarere (RECs) n’ibindi bi-hugu nka EPAs n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Uburayi; TIFA na AGOA bigirana na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika n’Akarere k’ubwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi ga-huriweho n’impande eshatu (Tri-partite Free Trade Area) yahati ya COMESA-EAC-SADC.

a) Imishyikirano ya EAC-EC-EPA

EAC-EC-EPA ni Amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu hagati y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’iburayi (EC). Intego nyamukuru y’amasezerano EPA ni ugukora ku buryo habaho iterambere rirambye ry’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, iyinjizwa ryabyo mu bukungu rusange rikozwe in-tambwe ku yindi kandi mu mahoro n’irandurwa ry’ubukene. Imishyikirano ya EAC-EC-EPA iriho ikorwa mu matsinda atandatu: 1) Ukubasha kugera ku masoko, 2) Guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, 3) Ubucuruzi muri serivisi,

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4) Ubuhinzi, 5) Ibibazo birebana n’ubucuruzi na 6) Uburobyi

Uko imishyikirano ihagaze mag-ingo aya:

Imishyikirano iriho ikorwa kuri ibi bikurikira: Ibibazo byerekeranye n’ukubasha kugera ku masoko, Am-ategeko ku nkomoko y’ibicuruzwa, Ubucuruzi muri serivisi, Ubufatan-ye mu by’ubukungu n’itarambere, Ibibazo beyerekeranye n’ubucuruzi (politiki y’ipiganwa, uburen-ganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge, gukorera mu mucyo mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta, iter-ambere ry’ishoramari n’iry’urwego rw’abikorera ku giti cyabo, iteram-bere rirambye ryita ku bidukikije) mu rwego rw’amasezerano yose ya EPA kandi imishyikirano iranakor-wa mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi.

b) Amasezerano yo mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari (TIFA) n’Amasezerano ku Itegeko ku mahirwe yo gukura mu by’ubukungu (AGOA) na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika

Gahunda y’ibikorwa mpuzakarere ya EAC AGOA ya 2010-2015 yarateguwe kandi ivuga kuri ibi bikurikira Amatsinda:1) Ukubasha kugera ku masoko,

2) Guteza imbere ibicuruzwa n’amasoko, 3) Korohereza ubucuruzi, 4) Uburyo ubucuruzi bukorwamo,5) Ibikorwa by’ubukungu bijyana no gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, 6) Ikurikirana n’Isuzuma ry’ibikorwa

b) Akarere k’ubwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi gahuriweho n’impande eshatu / COMESA-EAC-SADC

Abakuru b’ibihugu na zaleta ba COMESA, Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba na SADC, mu nama yabo yo kuwa 22 Ukwakira 2008 mu gihugu cy’u Buganda byemeje ko iyo miryango uko ari eshatu igomba gukora Akarere k’ubwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi kamwe hanyuma ikazakora Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo.

Umushinga w’Amasezerano, imigereka n’ishusho y’inzira igomba gukurikizwa mu gushy-iraho Akarere k’ubwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi gahuriweho n’impande eshatu / EAC, COME-SA na SADC byarateguwe. Iyo miryango itatu y’ubufaytanye mu by’ubukungu izaba igizwe n’ibihugu 26 by’Afurika kuva ku mugi wa Cape Town (Afurika y’epfo) kugera ku mugi wa Cairo (Misiri).

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COMESA

SADC

EAC

EgyptLibyaDjboutiEthiopia

ZimbabweZambiaMalawi

Tanzania

South AfricaBotswanaLesothoMozambiqueNamibiaAngola

KenyaUgandaRwandaBurundi

EritreaSudanComoros

DRCMauritiusSeychellesSwazilandMadagascar

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Inyungu zo gushyira ham-we mu gushyikirana mu by’ubucuruzi

1) Isoko ryagutse rishingiye ku ihuzwa ry’amasoko, 2) Gukurura abashoramari3) Ijwi rirushijeho kugira ingufu mu mishyikirano yo ku rwego mpuzakarere na mpuzamahanga n’ijwi rifite ingufu mu mishyiki-rano y’ubucuruzi ku rwego rw’isi 4) Guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpu-zakarere rishingiye ku bwisanzure mu bucuruzi ;5) Gushyira hamwe mu guteza im-bere ibikorwa remezo no kumanura ibiciro byo gukora ubucuruzi mu karere;

6. Ishoramari n’iterambere ry’inganda

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ishoramari mu karere, hamaze gukorwa ibi bikurikira:

i) Ibihugu bigize umuryango byiyemeje gushyiraho gahunda n’ingamba zigamije guteza imbere ishoramari ryambuka imipaka, kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibisabwa mu gukora ubucuruzi mu karere no gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo guteza imbere abikorera ku giti cyabo;

ii) Inama ya 3 y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku ishoramari yashyize mu byi-hutirwa iterambere ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’ibikorwa re-mezo mpuzakarere mu rwego rwo korohereza abashoramari;

iii) Igitabo ku buryo bwo gu-kora ishoramari mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba cyaran-ditswe

iv) Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba uramamazwa nk’akarere kamwe k’ishoramari

v) Inama ngarukamwaka y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba Annual ku ishora-mari irategurwa mu rwego rwo kureshya abashoramari

vi) Politiki igenga inganda y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba irimo gutegurwa

7. Ishyirwaho ry’amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge, gutsura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, ibipimo n’isuzuma (SQMT)

Ingingo ya 81 y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba iteganya ubufatan-ye hagati y’Ibihugu bigize Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu Ishyirwaho ry’amabwiriza

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y’ubuziranenge, gutsura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, ibipimo n’isuzuma (SQMT) kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari, kurengera umuguzi, kuvugurura umusaruro, kuzamura imibereho myiza no gusegasira ubuzima, umutungo n’ibidukikije.

Uko byifashe magingo aya

- Itegeko ku Ishyirwaho ry’amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge, gutsura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, ibipimo n’isuzuma (SQMT) ryara-towe mu 2006;- Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba biri mu nzira yo guhuza ibikorwa mpuzakarere byerekeranmye n’Ishyirwaho ry’amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge, gutsura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, ibipimo n’isuzuma (SQMT) no kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikurikije amabwiriza ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga;- Ibigaragaza ubuziranenge bya buri gihugu biremerwa mu bindi bihugu bize umuryango;- Inteko y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ishinzwe kwemeza amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge yashyizweho; - Amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge 1058 y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yaratan-gajwe;- Amategeko akurikira yarateguwe:

•Amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

y’igenzura ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge agomba guku-rikizwa;•Amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yo kwemerwa kw’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu big-ize umuryango;•Amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yo gushyiraho laboratwari zishinz-we gupima iby’ubuziranenge .

2.2 IBIJYANYE N’IFARANGA N’IMARI

Umutwe wa 14 w’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba uteganya urwego ku bufatanye mu by’amafaranga n’imari. By’umwihariko Ingingo ya 82 (b) iteganya ko Ibihugu bi-gize umuryango bizahuza politiki zabyo zerekeye ubukungu muri rusange cyane cyane mu byereker-anye na politiki y’ibigereranyo by’ivunjisha, politiki igena ibig-ereranyo by’inyungu, politiki zi-genga ifaranga n’imisoro. Ingingo ya 83 kugera ku ya 86 ziteganya Ihuza rya zapolitiki zigenga ifar-anga n’imisoro, ihuzabikorwa mu by’ubukungu bwagutse mu bihugu bigize Umuryango, imikoranire na za banki n’iterambere ry’amasoko y’imari, n’urujya n’uruza rw’imari.

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a) Intambwe imaze guterwa mu ishyirwaho ry’Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuriweho ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAMU)

Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuri-weho ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ririgeze mu cyiciro cya 3 cy’inzira yo guhuriza hamwe Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

•Inama y’Abakuru b’ibihugu idasanzwe ya 6 yemeje ko Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ugomba kugera ku ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rimwe mu 2012;•Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 20 yasabye ko hihutirwa gukorwa HLTF igamije kwiga ku Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuriweho ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAMU) ;•Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 21 yemeje ko Inama ishinzwe inzego zinyuranye ku bibazo byer-ekeranye n’imari n’ubukungu iyobora ibikorwa by’ishyirwaho ry’ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuri-weho;•Imishyikirano yo gushyiraho Amasezerano ku Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuriweho ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAMU) yatangi-ye ku wa 17 Mutarama 2011

Ishingiro n’ibiranga Ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga rihuriweho ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAMU)

•Banki nkuru y’akarere;•Ifaranga rimwe;•Uburyo buhuye bw’imikorere y’amabanki n’imiterere y’imari, amategeko, amabwiriza n’imikorere•Uburyo buhuye bwo kwishyura;•Gukuraho uburyo bw’imigenzurire y’umutungo ku rwego rw’igihugu;•Ibiherwaho bimwe kandi bigani-sha hamwe.

Inyungu z’Ifaranga rihuriweho

•Koroshya ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bishingiye ku buryo buhuye bwo kwishyura;•Ifaranga ridahindagurika mu karere hose – ridakangwa n’ihungabana ry’amafaranga y’ahandi;•Koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’umutungo n’imari;•Kuzamura ishoramari ahantu hatandukanye;•Kurushaho guhuriza hamwe isoko;•Koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi; •Kuvanaho burundu ibyemezo bijyanye n’imiterere y’ifaranga bidakenewe bishobora kuritesha agaciro; •Kongera umusaruro.

b) Aho gushyiraho Isoko

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ry’imari n’imigabane bigeze

Gushyiraho isoko ry’imari n’imigabane mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba biziye igihe iyo urebye inyungu zizavamo z’igihe kirekire by’umwihariko mu gutanga amafaranga azakoreshwa mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo no kwagura inganda.

Hamaze gukorwa ibikorwa bi-kurikira:

• Inyigo ku bikorwa bigamije guhuriza hamwe amasoko y’imari ku rwego rw’akarere mu mury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’amasoko y’impapuro mvunjafar-anga za leta yarakozwe;• Umurimo ku ishyirwaho ry’Isoko ry’imigabane ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba urakomeje;• Uguhurizwa hamwe kw’Urwego rw’imari rw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba biriho bitangizwa;• Umushinga uriho ukorwa w’ibikorwa remezo by’Ububiko bukuru mpuzakarere bw’impapuro mvunjafaranga (CSD)• U Rwanda rwashyizeho Iki-go gishinzwe Isoko ry’imari n’imigabane mu 2008;• Ibihembo byo gushishikariza imisoro ku isoko ry’imari byaremejwe kandi bitangazwa mu Igazeti ya leta na Leta y’u

Rwanda hagamijwe guteza im-bere isoko ry’imari n’ishoramari n’ibikorwa byo gubihuza ku rwego rw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba biriho bikorwa;• Leta y’u Rwanda yamaze gutanga uburenganzira kuri Konti z’imigabane yayo (liberalization of its Capital Accounts):

- Ishoramari ryo hanze y’igihugu ritaziguye (FDI)- Ishoramari mu migabane (imigabane, impapuro mvun-jafaranga za leta, impapuro z’agaciro ku isoko ry’imari)- Ibikorwa byo gutanga no kwa-kira inguzanyo

c) Aho guhuza politiki y’imisoro bigeze

• Amasezerano ku gutuma hata-baho gusoreshwa kenshi ku kintu kimwe (DTA) yemejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 21;• Komite ziga iby’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (VAT) n’umusoro ku byacurujwe zashyizweho mu rwego rwo kwihutishaibikorwa byo guhuza imisoro y’ibihugu;• Amahooro rusange ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu Gihugu (CET) yavu-guruwe muri Werurwe 2010 kandi agomba gutangira gukurikizwa mu 2012 ;

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Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro hari inzego zungirije z’ingenzi zi-kurikira:

• Ubuhinzi no kwihaza mu biri-bwa;• Ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere• Ubukerarugendo no kwita ku nyamaswa• Iterambere ry’inganda

3.1 UBUHINZI N’UMUTEKANO W’IBIRIBWA

Zimwe mu ntego z’uru rwego ni ukwihaza mu biribwa no kugera ku musaruro uhagije mu muryango. Mu mwaka wa 2006, ibihugu bi-gize umuryango byemeye kandi bishyira umukono ku mategeko yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi no kwihaza mu biribwa mu rwego rwo gushy-iraho politiki n’ingamba zo guteza imbere icyaro.

Gahunda n’imishinga bikurikira byarakozwe hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi no kwihaza mu biribwa:

i) Umushinga w’akarere ku nyongeramusaruro (Kon-gerera ingufu mu bucu-

ruzi bw’inyongeramusaruro z’ubuhinzi mu rwego rw’akarere muri Afurika)

Intego nyamukuru y’uwo mush-inga ni uguteza imbere ukwihaza mu biribwa no kongera umu-saruro w’ubuhinzi binyujijwe mu gushyira ingufu mu icuruzwa ry’inyongeramusaruro (imbuto z’indobanure, ifumbire mvaruganda n’imiti irinda ibihingwa) mu karere aho umushinga uri. Intego nyamu-kuru y’umushinga ni ugushakira abacuruzi b’inyongeramusaruro n’abahinzi bo muri Afurika.

ii) Gahunda ihuriweho yo ku rwego rw’akarere yo kwirinda kudatungurwa n’ibiza n’uburyo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy’ibiza ku ndwara z’abantu n’iz’inyamaswa zambukiranya imipaka.

Uyu ni umushinga w’imyaka itanu ugikomeza, intego nyamukuru ni ukugenzura no gukuraho burundu indwara z’abantu n’iz’inyamaswa ziterwa n’iyambukiranya ry’ imipa-ka muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu rwego rwo kuzamura umusa-ruro w’ amatungo n’imyororokere yayo bigateza imbere ubucuruzi

UMUTWE WA III: URWEGO RWO KONGERA UMU SARURO

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mpuzahanga n’ubwo mu karere.

iii) Gahunda y’ibikorwa y‘Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba irebana no kwi-haza mu biribwa:

Iyi Gahunda y’ibikorwa yemejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri idasan-zwe ya 21 yo muri Gicurasi 2010. Imishinga na gahunda bijyanye no kwihaza mu biribwa birateganywa gutegurwa bitarenze Werurwe 2011

iv) Umushinga w’Amasezerano nyongera y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku byemezo byerekeranye n’isuku n’imiti ikoreshwa mu kwita ku bimera (SPS):

Uyu mushinga w’amasezerano we-mejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri ya 20 yateranye muri Werurwe 2010.

v) Politiki mpuzakarere yereker-anye n’ubworozi n’urutonde rw’amategeko:

Ibigomba kugenderwaho byarat-eguwe. Iyo politiki izafasha mu gukurikirana uko ubworozi buriho bwifashe mu karere k’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

vi) Uburyo bwo gutahura ibiza ha-kiri kare (EWS) bw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu

gukurikirana ibyo kwihaza mu biribwa mu karere

Ibikorwa byo gutegura ubwo buryo bizatangira bitarenze impera za Mutarama 2011

vii) Umushinga w’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba wo kurwanya indwara y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka:

Inyandiko z’imishinga zizarangiza gutegurwa bitarenze hagati muri Werurwe 2011 kandi uhite ushy-irwa mu bikorwa

3.2 UBUKERARUGENDO NO KWITA KU NYAMASWA

Hagamijwe guteza imbere gusohoza intego y’umuryango nkuko iteganywa mu ngingo ya 5 y’amasezerano ashyiraho Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ibihugu bigize umuryango bizashy-iraho uburyo bumwe kandi buhu-jwe bwo guteza imbere no gusha-kira isoko ubukererugendo bwujuje ibisabwa mu muryango.

Gahunda zikurikira zigamije guteza imbere ubukerarugendo no kwita kunyamaswa:

i) Gushyira mu bikorwa Ga-hunda n’Ingamba by’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu

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byo kwamamaza Ubukerarugendo n’ibinyabuzima by’ishyamba

ii) Gutangiza Ikigo cy’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gishinzwe Ubuhuzabikorwa mu by’ubukerarugendo n’ibinyabuzima by’ishyamba

Amasezerano nyongera ku ihuz-abikorwa ryacyo ategereje kunon-onsorwa.

iii) Igikorwa cyo gushyira mu byiciro za hoteri zo mu bihugu bigize umuryango

U Rwanda rwatangije igikorwa cyo gushyira mu byiciro za hoteri ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 2009

iv) Gushyiraho Viza imwe y’ubukerarugendo imwe rukumbi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Umuryango uzateza imbere Afurika y’Iburasirazuba nk’akarere kamwe kaberamo ubukerarugendo. Intego ni uguhuriza hamwe uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ibidukikije binyujijwe mu biganiro, inama n’abanyamakuru n’imishyikirano yo gushakisha amasoko nk’uko biri muri za gahunda zo kumenyekani-sha ubufatanye bwa EAC mu mah-anga. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho Viza imwe rukumbi buzanonosorwa bitarenze impera za Gicurasi 2011

3.3 IBIDUKIKIJE N’UMUTUNGO KAMERE

Ibihugu bigize umuryango byiy-emeje gufata ingamba zumvikany-weho mu rwego rwo kwihutisha ub-ufatanye mu micungire myiza kandi ihuriweho, n’ikoreshwa rirambye ry’umutungo kamere mu muryango hagamijwe nyungu zingana ku bi-hugu bigize Umuryango.

Gahunda zikurikira zigenewe gushyigikira urwo rwego rwun-girije:

i) Amasezerano yerekeye Imicun-gire y’Ibidukikije n’Umutungo Kamere:

Aya Masezerano ategereje ingamba zigena ugushyirwa mu bikorwa kwayo

ii) Guhuza amategeko na za politiki ku Binyabuzima byahin-duriwe kamere

Ibihugu bigize umuryango biza-shyiraho, ibikorwa byo kurinda no kubungabunga umutungo kamere n’ibidukikije, binyuze mu ngamba z’imicungire y’ibidukikije, gufat-anya no guhuza za politiki zabyo; uwo mutungo n’ibidukikije bikar-indwa ibintu byose byabyonona n’ ihumanya ry’ikirere ritewe n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa. Guhu-

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za amategeko agenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro byaratangi-ye.

iii) Igishushanyo-mbonera cya EAC ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere

Hashingiwe ku ngaruka zikomeye ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu kugera ku ntego z’ikinyagihumbi (Millenium Development Goals-MDGs), ubunyamabanga bwa EAC bwatangiye kugira icyo bukora kuri icyo kibazo cyo mu karere. Ni muri urwo rwego ubunyamabanga bwa EAC buri muri gahunda yo gushyiraho igishushanyo-mbonera cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ikin-di kandi, inyigo ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere muri aka karere iracyakor-wa, ikaba iteganyijwe kurangira mu mpera za Gashyantare 2010.

iv) Itangazo rya EAC ku mihinda-gurikire y’ikirere(declaration)

Itangazo ritararangira ku mihinda-gurikire y’ikirere, rikozwe rishingi-ye ku bitekerezo bya EAC, ryarat-eguwe. Impamvu y’iryo tangazo ni ukugira ngo ibihugu bigize umury-ango byiyemerere ubwabyo ko bi-zafatanya kandi bigahuza ibikorwa byabyo mu gushakira umuti ikibazo k’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

v) Igitekerezo gihuriweho cya EAC ku mihindagurikire

y’ikirere(EAC Common Position on Climate Change)

Inama zabaye ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere zabereye mu bihugu byose uko ari bitanu bigize umuryango kugira ngo hategurwe ibitekerezo bya buri gihugu. Amaraporo y’izo nama yakoreshejwe mu gutegura imishyikirano rusange ya EAC ku cyemezo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere; intego yazo nyamukuru ikaba ari ukwemeza ko ibibazo by’ingenzi byatanzwe n’ibihugu by’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bigaragara mu mishyikirano ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi bikaba bigaragara neza neza mu kemezo cy’Afurika cyafatiwe mu nama y’umuryango w’abibumbye (UNFCCC COP 15) yabereye mu mujyi wa Kopenageni muri Danemarike.

vi) Icyerekezo. Insingano na Poli-tiki bijyanye n’amazi n’ingamba zihuriweho z’imicungire y’imitungo ikomoka kumazi

Umushinga uracyari mu byiciro byawo bibanza

3.4 ITERAMBERE RY’INGANDA

Muri uru rwego rwungirije habarirwamo imishinga na ga-hunda bikurikira:

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1. Politiki n’ingamba zigena imikorere y’inganda mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba2. Imbata n’urwego rwo guhuriza hamwe imikoreshereze itunganye y’umutungo no gukora mu nganda ibicuruzwa birushijeho kugira isuku (RESP)3. Inyigo ku rwego rw’Umuryango rw’uturere tw’ubukungu bwihariye mu rwego rwo guteza inganda

imbere4. Gahunda ya EAC-UNIDO yo kuvugurura inganda no kuzihuza n’igihe 5. Urwego mpuzakarere rw’ubufatanye mu bushakashatsi, iterambere no kubona no guherer-ekanya ikoranabuhanga rigamije inganda

UMUTWE WA IV: URWEGO RW’IMIBEREHO MYIZA

Urwego rw’imibereho myiza rugiz-we n’ubuzima, uburezi, umurimo, siporo, umuco n’uburinganire, uru-byiruko n’iiterambere ry’akarere.

4.1 UBUZIMA

Inzego zihariye z’ubufatanye mu by’ubuzima zigamije kugira umury-ago urangwamo ubuzima bwiza.

Imishinga na za gahunda bi-kurikira byashyizweho mu rwego rw’ubufatanye mu by’ubuzima:

i) Urugaga ruhuriweho rw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rukurikirana indwara (EAIDSNet)

Urugaga ruhuriweho rw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rukurikirana ind-wara (EAIDSNet) cyavuye mu bufa-tanye bwa za Minisiteri z’Ubuzima z’Ibihugu bigize U muryango, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu by’ubuzima byo muri buri gihugu, n’amashuri makuru yigisha iby’ubuzima. Iki-garagaza cyane ubwo bufatanye ni uguteza imbere ni ugutanga amaku-ru afite ukuri ku bijyanye n’indwara no kuyahererekanya mu guteza im-bere ubuzima bw’abaturage bo muri Afurika y’IburasirazubaIntego rusange ni ukugabanya imp-fu ziterwa n’indwara zandura kandi zihuriweho mu karere k’Afurika hashyirwaho urwego rufite ingufu

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rwo gutanga amakuru ku ndwara z’ibyorezo, bigamije gutahura iby-orezo by’ingenzi hakiri kare mbere y’uko bigera mu bantu kandi hashy-igikirwa igenamigambi, ishyirwa mu bikorwa k’uburyo bumwe n’ in-gamba zo kugenzura indwara.

ii) Umushinga w’ingamba za politiki y’ubuzima mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (REACH)

Umushinga w’ingamba mu by’ubuzima mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (REACH) ni ur-wego rushinzwe “kunyuzwaho no gushakirwaho ubumenyi” rwashy-izweho ngo ruhuze abashakashatsi mu by’ubuzima n’inzego zifata ib-yemezo n’abandi bantu bakoresha ibivuye mu bushakashatsi. Urwo rwego ruhuza amashuri binyujijwe mu nama zihuriweho, zishyigikira kandi zigahuza ukuri gushingiye ku bimenyetso n’abashinzwe za ga-hunda zifata ibyemezo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Inyungu zitegerejwe ku ngamba z’umushinga wa REACH

• Uyu mushinga wa REACH uzafasha mu kwemeza ko amakuru y’ubushashatsi mu by’ubuzima agerwaho ku gihe, yizewe kandi yanditse ku buryo bumenyerewe, busanzwe bukoreshwa ku buryo

bworoshye kandi ayo makuru akaba aganisha ku biri mu karere. • Ubwo bushake buzafasha inzego zijya inama mu gukomeza kujya impaka kandi buzubaka ubush-obozi bwo mu karere kandi buhuze cyane abashakashatsi mu by’ubuzima, abafata ibye-mezo n’abakoresha ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi;• Umushinga uzihutisha iterambere nyaryo kandi ringana ry’uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi nziza mu by’ubuzima mu karere, aliko cyane cyane icy’ingezi kuruta ibindi ni ukugira abaturage bafite ubuzima bwiza, badapfa guhangarwa n’indwara.

iii) Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bwa-fashije Umushinga w’akarere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba urwan-ya ibicurane by’ibiguruka Intego nyamukuru y’uwo mun-shinga ni ukugira uruhare mu mibibereho myiza, mu bukungu n’ubuzima bw’abaturage muri rusange harwanywa byimazeyo ingaruka zaterwa n’ibicurane by’ibiguruka; ni nayo mpamvu Ihuriro ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba rigamije kugenzura indwara zikwi-rakwizwa ryagiyeho.

Intego zihariye z’umushinga ni izi zikurikira:

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a) Guhuza no gushyira hamwe gahunda z’ibigamijwe gukorwa mu rwego rw’igihugu mu kurwanya ibicurane by’ibiguruka; b) Guha ubushobozi ku buryo buhoraho ubunyamabanga bwa EAC na serivisi z’ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’amatungo za buri gihugu.

iv) Uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga buhuriweho bwo gucunga amak-uru y’iby’ubuvuzi mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga buhuriweho bwo gucunga amakuru y’iby’ubuvuzi mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (e-HMIS), uburyo bwo guhana amakuru ku bumenyi bw’isi, n’ibikorwa remezo bya ICT bizakoreshwa muri uko guhana amakuru mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (e-health), ubuvuzi bukorewe kure hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, ni imbaraga zashyizwe hamwe za Minisiteri z’ubuzima z’ibihugu big-ize umuryango, ubushakashatsi bwa buri gihugu mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, amashuri yigisha iby’ubuvuzi mu nzego zombi ni ukuvuga ur-wego rw’abikorera ku giti cyabo n’urwego rwa leta byose byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ikiranga uburyo bwo guhana amakuru mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi buhuriweho mu karere k’Afurika

y’Iburasirazuba hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo gu-hana amakuru ku bumenyi bw’isi ni ugutanga imibare y’ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi ifite ireme mu rwego rwo koroshya ihererekanya ry’amakuru mu by’ubuvuzi kugira ngo hatez-we imbere ubuzima bw’abaturage bo mu muryango wa EAC. Nku-ko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 118 y’amasezerano ashyiraho Umury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ku bijyanye no guteza imbere ur-wego rw’ubuvuzi, zimwe na zimwe mu ntego zo guhana amakuru mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi bukoresha ikor-anabuhanga (e-Health) no uburyo bwo guhana amakuru ku bumenyi bw’isi (GIS) wo mu karere ni:

• Kongera no gushyira ingufu mu bufatanye mu gihugu hose no mu nzego zose binyujijwe mu guhuza ibikorwa by’ubuzima mu karere; • Guteza imbere ihererekanya ry’amakuru nyayo ku iterambere ry’imiterere y’urwego rw’ubuzima (health system) n’amategeko y’izo serivisi no kuyakwirakwiza kimwe n’ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi; • Guhuza uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu bihugu mu guku-rikirana no kuvura indwara (IDSR) mu karere; • Kongerera ubushobozi akarere ka EAC mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura indwara zandura n’izitandura;

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• Kwiyemeza ko habayeho iher-erekanya rihoraho ry’ubuzobere mu karere n’imikorere myiza mu kugenzura indwara; • Guteza imbere guhana amakuru mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi hakore-shejwe ikoranabuhanga (e-health) n’uburyo bwo kuvurira abantu kure hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga(telemedecine) mu rwego rwo kugera ku buzima bufite ireme no gushyigikira ubushakashatsi haba mu rwego rw’abikorera no mu rwego rw’igihugu muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba yose;

4.2 UBUREZI

Uburezi n’amahugurwa bifite uru-hare runini rwo gutuma igihugu cy-angwa akarere bishobora kwishy-iriraho ibyihutirwa n’ibyifuzo birangamiwe. Nibwo buryo igi-hugu icyo ari cyo cyose gikoresha kigena abakozi gikeneye, bazatuma kigera ku iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho nyiza y’abaturage.

Umuryango ufite imishinga ikurikira mu rwego rw’uburezi:

i) Guhuza uburezi n’integanyanyigisho muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Kugirango habeho gahunda yo koro-hereza ubufatanye mu karere cyane cyane urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi,

Ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa EAC, byagaragaje ko guhuza im-fashanyigisho, kunononsora no gu-subiramo gahunda z’amasomo biri mu byihutirwa. Inyigo y’Akarere yo guhuza intego n’imyumvire y’uburezi, ibikubiye mu mfash-anyigisho, imiterere y’uburezi, za gahunda ndetse n’uburyo bwo gu-koreramo bwemewe n’amategeko byarakozwe. Iyi nyigo ni igice cya mbere cya gahunda yo guhuza ubu-rezi n’imfashanyigisho muri Afuri-ka y’Iburasirazuba.

ii) Irushanwa muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu by’ubwanditsi

Irushanwa muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu by’ubwanditsi byatangiriye ku bitekerezo cyo kugira ngo abanyeshuri bo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bagire uru-hare mu bikorerwa mu Muryango no gushyigikira ko abantu barusha-ho kwiyumwa nk’abanyafurika y’Iburasirazuba. Uruhare rwabo rwatangijwe mbere y’igihe, ku-gira ngo bagure ubumenyi bwabo ku muryango no kuri za poroga-ramu zawo zijyanye na gahun-da y’ubufatanye. Irushanwa mu by’ubwanditsi rikorwa buri mwa-ka ku banyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye yo mu bihugu bigize EAC, umunyeshuri wa mbere ahab-wa igihembo ku rwego rw’igihugu no ku rwego rw’Akarere.

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iii) Ishyirwaho ry’ibigo by’icyitegererezo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC Centers of Excellence)Kugira ngo hashyigikirwa imik-korere myiza mu kugera ku nsh-ingano ku bigo by’uburezi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, Ibihugu bigize EAC byasanze ari ngombwa ko hajyaho ibigo by’icyitegererezo. Ikigo cy’icyitegererezo ni ikigo kidahwema kurushaho guharanira kugera ku nshingano zacyo no kureba uburyo ino nshingano zagez-weho. Ibishingirwaho mu gutoran-ya ibyo bigo byizwe n’abahanga batandukanye bo mu bihugu bigize EAC.

iv) Ihuriro rya za kaminuza zo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba(The Inter University Council for East Africa (IUCEA))

Ihuriro rya za kaminuza zo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ni umury-ango wo mu Karere uhuza za Leta, washyizweho mu mwaka wa 1980 n’ibihugu bitatu byari bigize EAC ari byo Kenya, Tanzaniya, na Uganda bifite intego yo gushuza za kaminu-za zo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba no gutanga urubuga rwo kuganiri-ramo ibijyanye n’aamasomo ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bijyanye n’uburezi bwo ku rwego rwa Kaminuza, no gutanga inkunga kugira ngo habe-

ho uburezi bubereye kandi buri ku rwego rumwe muri za Kaminuza. Ni muri urwo rwego rero ihuriro rya za Kaminuza ryashyizweho kugira ngo rifashe, rihuze, riteze imbere it-erambere rirambye kandi rigezwe-ho muri izo kaminuza kugira ngo zitange inkunga yazo mu bikenewe mu iterambere ry’Akarere hifash-ishijwe ibikorwa by’izo kaminuza zinyuranye.

Bimwe mu bikorwa bya IUCEA ni ibi bikurikira:

a) Ubufatanye n’ibigo byo mu Burayi: The IUCEA is partnering with seven European institutions in a collabor-ative project aimed at creating, de-veloping and strengthening a social sciences and humanities research network bringing together scholars and institutions from the European research area with colleagues and partner institutions from a number of eastern African countries.

b) Umushinga w’ubushakashatsi ku kiyaga cya Vigitoriya (VicRes)

Umushinga w’ubushakashatsi ku kiyaga cya Vigitoriya (VicRes) ni igikorwa cy’ubushakshatsi ku rweego rw’akarere gitanga inkunga mu byerekeranye no kurandura gu-bukene n’ihangwa ry’imirimo ibe-

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shaho abayikora ku buryo buram-bye n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere mu Kibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Vigitoriya

c) Serivisi y’igihugu cy’Ubudage yo guhererekanya ubumenyi mu nzego za kaminuza (DAAD) Gahunga nyafurika yo guherer-ekanya abakozi

DAAD ifitanye ubufatanye na IU-CEA mu gutanga inkunga ya buri mwaka ishigikira Gahunga nya-furika ya IUCEA yo guhererekan-ya abakozi b’inzobere mu byer-ekeranye no kwigisha, amasomo n’amahugurwa.

4.3 UBURINGANI-RE N’ITERAMBERE RY’ABATURAGE

Mu Buringanire n’Iterambere ry’Abaturage, Umuryango ufite imishinga na gahunda bikuriki-ra:

i) Gutegura gahunda yihariye y’uburinganire , urubyiriko, abana, kwita ku baturage n’iterambere ry’abaturage

Gahunda igomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa ijyanye n’uburinganire, n’iterambere ry’abaturage yarateg-uwe. Iyo gahunda igizwe n’ibintu bitatu: Uburinganire n’umugore

mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, urubyiruko n’abana, hakaba n’iterambere ry’abaturage.ii) Gutegura gahunda y’uburinganire muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba na gahunda yo kwita ku bantu bafite ubumuga

Gahunda z’uburinganire no kwita ku bantu bafite ubumuga zaratangi-ye.

ii) Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri bash-inzwe iterambere ry’imibereho ry’abaturage

Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri bash-inzwe iterambere ry’imibereho y’abaturage ryashyizweho. Rihuza Abaminisitiri bose bashinzwe iter-ambere ry’imibereho y’abaturage. Raporo yo ku rwego rw’ibihugu ikubiyemo ibitekerezo binyuran-ye ku iterambere ry’imibereho y’abaturage yarateguwe, bash-ingiye kuri raporo zatanzwe ku rwego rw’ibihugu. Abaminisitiri bemeranijwe ku ngingo z’ingenzi zigomba kwitabwaho ku ikubi-tiro, z’ubufatanye mu iterambere ry’imiberho y’abaturage muri ibi bikurikira:

a)serivisi z’ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ; (b) ubu-rezi, siporo n’umuco, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga; (c) uburingani-

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re, urubyiruko, abana, kwita ku mibereho y’abaturage n’iterambere ryabo; (d) Ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere.

4.4 URUJYA N’URUZA Z’ABANTU, ABA-KOZI, SERIVISI, N’UBURENGANZIRA BWO KUBA AHANTU N’UBWO KUBARIZWA AHANTU

Ibihugu bigize Umuryango byiy-emeje gufata ingamba zigamije gutuma habaho urujya n’uruza rw’abantu, abakozi na za serivisi no gutuma buri muturage utuye mu Muryango agira uburenganzira bwo

kuba ahantu no kuhabarizwa4.5 KWOROSHYA URUJYA N’URUZA RW’ABANTU, KWIMUKA, ABAKOZI/ AKA-ZI NO KWITA KU BIBAZO BY’UBUHUNZI

Imishyikirano ku masezerano ku rujya n’uruza rw’abantu aba-kozi serivisi, uburenganziraa bwi kuba ahantu n’ubwo kuhabarizwa yashyizwe hamwe n’ imishyiki-rano ku isoko rusange, ishyirwaho ryaryo rikaba riri mu byihutirwa byemejwe mu mugambi wa gatatu w’iterambere.

UMUTWE WA V: IMISHINGA NA ZA GA-HUNDA Z’IBIKORWA REMEZO, UBUMENYI

N’IKORANABUHANGA

Ubufatanye mu bikorwa remezo na za serivisi, buteganijwe mu mutwe wa 15 w’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ingingo ya 89 igaragaza inzego z’ubufatanye mu byerekeye ubwikorezi ndetse n’itumanaho. Iteganya ko Ibihugu bigize Umuryango byiyemeje gute-za imbere gahunda z’ubwikorezi ndetse n’iz’itumanaho zihuriweho

kandi zuzuzanya; guteza imbere no kwagura inzira zisanzweho; gushy-iraho inzira nshya, nk’uburyo bwo guhuza ibihugu kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ingendo mu Muryango.Kugira ngo izi ntego zigerweho, Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bizafata ingamba kugirango:

- Bihuze amategeko, uburyo n’imikorere yabyo, - Guteza imbere imihanda,

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imihanda ya za gariyamioshi ibibuga by’indege n’ibyambu ku butaka bw’ibyo bihugu, - Gucunga Umutekano no kurinda uburyo bw’ubwikorezi no guhanahana amakuru y’iterambere n’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho.

Imihanda n’ubwikorezi hakoreshe-jwe inzira zo ku butaka biteganijwe nu ngingo ya 90 mu gihe imihanda ya gari ya moshi, Indege za gisiviri, Gutwara ibintu n’abantu hakore-shejwe inzira y’amazi, Ubwikorezi bwo mu biyaga hagati mu gihugu n’Ubwikorezi bukoresha uburyo bunyuranye, biteganijwe mu ng-ingo za 91–95. Ubufatanye mu bya’amaposita n’itumanaho bite-genijwe mu ngingo za 98 na 99.

Inzego zungirije z’ingenzi mu mishinga y’ibikorwa remezo, si-yansi n’ikoranabuhanga:

1. Gutwara abantu n’ibintu hakore-shejwe imihanda; 2. Gutwara abantu n’ibintu hakore-shejwe gari ya moshi ; 3. Gutwara abantu n’ibintu bikore-sha indege za gisiviri; 4. Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja no mu biyaga hagati mu gihugu; 5. Ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho;6. Ubufatanye mu ibikorwa remezo bihuriweho n’impande eshatu;

7. Iteganyagihe; 8. Ingufu; 9. Amazi n’Isukura; na 10. Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga

5.1 IMISHINGA Y’IMIHANDA N’IYO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU IMISHINGA

i) Umushinga w’urusobe rw’imihanda y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Umuryango wa Afuri-ka y’Iburasirazuba ufa-tanije n’abaterankunga mu by’amajyambere wumvikanye ku miterere y’imihanda mu Karere ikeneye gutunganywa ku buryo bugezweho kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubufatanye. Byaragaragaye mu ikubitiro mu gihe cyo gutangiza Umuryango ko ibikorwa rusange by’umwihariko ubwikorezi bufite uruhare rukomeye muri gahunda y’ubufatanye, urugero ni nk’ ubufa-tanye mu bya za Gasutamo, isoko rusange, kworoshya ubucuruzi.

Koridoro n’imihanda bikurikira biriho kubakwa cyangwa gusan-wa:

Isanwa rya koridoro yo mu ma-jyaruguru • Koridoro yo mu majyaru-guru ihuza Kenya, u Buganda, u Rwanda n’u Burundi ihereye

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ku cyambu cya Mombasa. Ibice bimwe byayo bifite amasezerano y’akazi akurikizwa ubu ibindi biri mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gutanga amasoko ku ruhande rwa Kenya.• Ivugururwa ry’imihanda ya Kam-pala Mbarara, Masaka – Kyotera na Bugiri – Jinja rirakomeje ku ruhande rw’ u Buganda• Inkunga y’imari yo kubaka umuhanda Gatuna – Kigali ya-bonetse binyuze mu mishyiki-rano y’Umuryango uhuriweho n’imiryango itatu ariyo COMESA-EAC-SADC

Ivugururwa rya koridoro No 5. Iyi koridoro ihuza Kenya na Tan-zaniya ifite imishinga ibiri irimo gukorwa:• Ivugururwa ry’Umuhanda Na-manga - Athi, Umuhanda Nayirobi – Thika n’Umuhanda Merille River –Turbi ku ruhande rwa Kenya kuri 75%; • Ivugururwa ry’Umuhanda Na-manga – Arusha ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya kuri 67%

Ivugururwa rya koridoro yo hagati Iyi koridoro ihuza u Burundi, u Rwanda na Tanzaniya ku cy-ambu cya Dar es Salam. Imirimo y’ivugururwa iri hafi kurangira ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya

Isanwa ry’Imihanda ya Kan-

yaru Bas – Ngozi na Bugarama – Rushubi – Kiriri – BujumburaUyu muhanda ni igice cya Ko-ridoro yo hagati. Imari uzatwara iracyashakishwa

Imihanda ya Arusha – Holili Taveta – VoiUyu muhanda uhuza Amajya-ruguru ya Tanzaniya na Mom-basa, kandi akaba ari n’umuhanda w’ubukerarugendo. Inyigo iram-buye n’igaragaza ry’ibikenewe n’ibizakorwa mu kubaka ibirom-etero 240 byarangiye gukorwa

Umuhanda Malindi – BugamyoUyu muhanda unyura ku cyambu cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba hagati ya Kenya na Tanzaniya. Aha hantu, cyane cyane ku ruhande rwa Tanza-niya, ni ahantu h’igitangaza ku bu-kerarugendo, uretse ko budakorwa nk’uko bikwiriye kubera kubura ib-indi bikorwa remezo byo kunganira ubwo bukerarugendo.Uyu muhanda uzaba inzira y’ubutaka ihuza ibyambu bya Mombasa, Tanga, na Daresalamu. Uzahuza kandi ibihugu bigize Im-iryango ya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC), Isoko Rusange ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo (COMESA) ndetse n’ Umury-ango w’Iterambere ry’Afurika y’Amajyepfo (SADC). Harimo ha-rakorwa imishyikirano n’inzobere zitegura imishinga

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ii) Umushinga w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba wo koroshya Ubucuruzi no gutwara abantu n’ibintu (EATTFP)

Umushinga wa EATTFP wa-fashije kandi ukomeje gufasha mu bikorwa bikurikira:

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Ihuriro rya za Gasutamo ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba - Ibikoranabuhanga, ingendo shuri zinyuranye n’ingendo z’imishyikirano, amahugurwa agenewe abakozi b’Ibigo byakira imisoro n’amahoro, amahugurwa y’abafatanyabikorwa b’ibigo bya-kira imisoro n’amahoro, gahunda z’ubukangurambaga, ivunuran-yandiko (translation) ry’ibitabo by’ amategeko y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’ishyirwaho ry’urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa bisaba ubwitonzi hagamije kurinda urwego rw’inganda nyarwanda, byagez-weho murwego rw’umushinga EATTFP.- Uyumushinga kandi wateye inkunga y’imari yaguze za sikaneri z’Ibigo byakira imisoro n’amahoro zishakira ibyaba bitwawe mu mizigo bitemewe

Inkunga ku inzego zishinzwe

ubwikorezi hagamijwe kuzoro-hereza imirimo- Umushinga wa EATTFP wat-eye inkunga inyigo y’iyubakwa ry’icyambu cyumutse cya Isaka. Kugeza ubu inyigo zararangiye.- Umushinga wa EATTFP uratera inkunga inyigo y’ishyirwaho ry’uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu n’abantu mu ruzi rw’Akagera

Inkunga y’ishoramari hagami-jwe korohereza ubucuruzi no gutwara abantu n’ibintu - Umushinga w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba wo koroshya Ubucuruzi no gutwara abantu n’ibintu (EATTFP) uzatera inkun-ga imirimo y’ishyirwaho rya Biro imwe ihuriweho n’ibihugu bihana imbibi (One Stop Border Post) bya Gatuna. - Umushinga wa EATTFP urimo gutera inkunga igurwa ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bizakoreshwa muri Gishe elegi-toronike imwe rukumbi (Elec-tronic Single Window) kimwe n’amahugurwa y’abakozi n;isanwa ryayo- Umushinga wa EATTFP na-one wateye inkunga ishyirwaho ry’Amahuriro y’ubucuruzi (Trade Points) mu turere 13 n’umujyi wa Kigali

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Gahunda y’imyaka 10 yo guteza imbere imihanda y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’ingamba zo gutwara abantu n’ibintu (2010 – 2020)Iyi gahunda iterwa inkunga n Umushinga wa EATTFP iracyari mu cyiciro cyo kungurana inama n’inzobere

Guhuza uburemeri ntarengwa by’ibyikorerwa (Axle Load limit) mu mihanda yo mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba Uyu mushinga uterwa inkunga JICA ibinyujije mu mushinga wa EATTFP. Imirimo y’ubujyanama yatangiye hagati muri Mutarama 2011

Iyubakwa ry’Ikiraro mpuzama-hanga cya Rusumo gihuza u Rwanda na TanzaniyaBinyujijwe mu mushinga wa EATTFP, gutanga isoko ry’isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije biriho bikorwa

5.2 GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU HAKORESHEJWE GARI YA MOSHI

i) Umushinga w’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imihanda ya gari ya moshi y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba Raporo y’Igishushanyo mbonera

cy’imihanda ya gariyamoshi yara-rangiye, ubu ikaba irimo kunonon-sorwa n’Akiciro kihariye gashinzwe ubwikorezi, itumanaho n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere (TCM).

Banki y’Isi yose na Banki Nya-furika Itsura amajyambere byiy-emeje gukorana n’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango, kugirango basuzume imishinga n’ibitekerezo bikubiye mu gishushanyo mbonera.

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rizakoresha uburyo bw’Ubufatanye hagati ya Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo (Public Private Partnership Model)

Ikigo cy’igenzura kizahuza ibyere-keranye na politiki, ishoramari, ite-gurwa n’ipiganwa kizashyirwaho bitarenze Kamena 2011

Iyubakwa ry’inzira ya gari ya moshi Isaka – Kigali - Keza - Mu-songati ntirizategereza ugushy-ira mu bikorwa kw’igishushanyo mboneracy’imihanda ya gari ya moshi y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Gahunda yo gutan-ga isoko hagamijwe kubona isosi-yete izakora imirimo yo kugaragaza binonosoye imiterere y’ibizakorwa n’ibizakenerwa mu bwubatsi iza-rangira bitarenze Gashyantare 2011. Mu 2017 hateganyijwe ko i Kigali hazaba hageze sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi

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Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imihanda ya gari ya moshi y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

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5.3 UBUFATANYE MU IBIKORWA REMEZO BI-HURIWEHO N’IMIRYANGO ITATU (EAC, SADC NA COMESA)

Iri huriro ry’imiryango itatu ni ubufatanye mpuzakarere haga-ti y’imiryango y’ubukungu ariyo Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, SADC na COMESA

Hari ikigega kiriho cya miliyari 1,2 z’amadorari y’Amerika kige-newe imishinga y’imihanda, imi-handa ya gari ya moshi, indege za gisiviri n’itumanaho

Gushakisha, gukusanya imari ikenwe no gushyira mu bikorwa kw’imishinga ya koridoro yo mu majyaruguru/mu majyepfo biriho birakorwa mubufatanye bw’iri huriro

Isanwa ryumuhanda Kigali – Gatuna nabyo bizaterwa inkunga muri urwo rwego

5.4 GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU BIKORESHA IN-DEGE ZA GISIVIRI

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa

ry’imishinga na za Porogaramu z’uru rwego, ryagiye rigerwaho uko igihe cyagiye gihita.

Dore ibyagezweho:

i) Ugushyirwa mu bikorwa kw’Amasezerano nyongera ku ishyirwaho Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege za gisi-viri mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (CASSOA)

Ifatanyije n’ibigo bifite Indege za gisivile munshingano zabyo byo mu muryango, CASSOA irimo guhuza amategeko, am-abwiriza n’imikorere birebana n’imikoresherezwe y’indege za gisivila mu muryango.

ii) Inyigo ku buryo bwo ku-genzura ikirere cya kure (Unified Upper Information Region - UFIR) n’uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo kuyobora indege hakoreshejwe satelite (GNSS) ku kibuga cyatorany-ijwe cy’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba:Uyu mushinga washyizwe mu bikorwa muri Kenya, u Bugan-da na Tanzaniya mbere y’uko u Rwanda n’u Burundi byijiye mu muryango. Uzakorwa vuba aha

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mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.

iii) Gushyiraho ubwisanzure bw’isoko ry’indege za gisiviri ku masosiyete y’ubwikorezi bo ku rwego rw’akarere Komite yungirije ku bwikore-zi bwo mu ndege irimo irasu-zuma Itegeko rigenga ipigan-wa mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ryo 2006 n’Umushinga w’itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku ikora ry’imibare 2009 kugira ngo ubashe gushyirwa mu bikorwa

iv) Ibibuga by’indege byihut-irwa mu gutezwa imbere Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahan-ga cya Kigali, Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera n’Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzama-hanga cya Kamembe byatanzwe mu byifuzwa. Ibindi bihugu big-ize umuryango nabyo byatanze ibyifuzo byabyo

v) Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku ndege za gisiviriGahunda mpuzakarere yizweho n’inama ihuriweho n’Abayobozi bakuru ba serivisi zishinzwe

ibijyanye n’imiterere y’ikirere n’ab’Indege za gisiviri muri Gi-curasi 2010

vi) Isanwa ry’Umuryango wigisha iby’indege (ATOs) no kongerera abakozi ubushoboziUmuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba uriho urakusan-ya imari y’isyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibi bikorwa

vii) Ishyirwaho Umushinga w’Ikigo mpuzakarere cyigenga gishinzwe gukora iperereza ku mpanuka z’indege za gisivile (RAIA)Umushinga w’inshingano zawo, imitunganyirize n’imiterere y’inzego bizategurwa bitarenze impera za Gashyantare 2011

5.5 GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU NYANJA NO MU BIYAGA N’INZUZI

Uru rwego rugambiriye kuvu-gurura Ugutwara ibintu n’abantu hakoreshejwe inzira y’amazi mu akarere ruzita ku itunganywa ry’ibyambu ku biyaga binini n’imyaro y’inyanja, itumanaho n’umutekano mu gutwara aban-tu n’ibintu hifashishijwe amazi. Mu mishinga irimo ikorwa hari

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inyigo ku mikorere yo gut-wara abantu n’ibintu hifashishi-jwe inzira yo mu mazi y’Uruzi rw’Akagera iriho iterwa inkunga mu rwego rw’Umushinga ugami-je korohereza gutwara abantu n’ibintu n’ubucuruzi muri Afuri-ka y’Iburasirazuba. Harategany-wa ko hazashyirwaho icyambu i Kagitumba

5.6 IKORANABUHANGA N’ITUMANAHO

Mu rwego rw’Itumanaho umuryango ufitemo imishinga ikurikira:

i) Umushinga w’Urusobe rw’ibikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga ry’umuyoboro wagutse w’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC-BIN )Uyu mushinga ugamije kweger-eza abatuye umuryango itumana rihendutse kandi ryihuse hifash-ishijwe itumanaho rigezweho rikoresha Fibure Obtiki (Fiber Optic Communication).

ii) Urwego rw’amategeko are-bana n’ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

• Icyiciro cya I cyasuzumye ibyaha bikorerwa kuri interineti, umutekano wa mudasobwa, n’ibindi cyararangiye none ubu kirashyirwa mu bikorwa mu bihugu byose bigize umuryango

• Icyiciro cya II kizasuzuma Uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge, ipi-ganwa, umutekano w’amakuru n’isoreshwa kizatangira hagati muri Mata 2011

iii) Kuva mu buryo bw’ihererekanyamakuru bwa ‘analogue’ hagakoreshwa ubwa ‘digital’Ishusho y’inzira igaragaza ibikor-wa, ingengabihe n’inshingano bigamije kwimuka gusesuye muri bene ubwo buryo bitarenze Kamena 2015 yarateguwe

iv) Umushinga wo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mapos-ita y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’Ingamba zo guteza imbere amaposita y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’IburasirazubaUwo mushinga washyizwe mu bikorwa hagati ya 1999 – 2006 mu bihugu bya Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania. Gahunda y’ibikorwa

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byo gusuzuma no kugaragaza imbuto z’Umushinga no ku-wagurira k’u Rwanda n’u Bu-rundi yamaze gutegurwa. Biteg-anyijwe ko ibikorwa bizatangira bitarenze Gashyantare 2011

5.7 ITEGANYAGIHE

Ku bufatanye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu, cyane cyane Ubwikorezi bwo mu ndege, urwego rwungiri-je rw’ibidukikije n’ubuhinzi, Ite-ganyagihe ni ikintu cy’ingenzi.

Imishinga na gahunda mu rwe-go rwungirije rw’Iteganyagihe ikubiyemo:

i) Itegurwa rya politiki ku mi-hindagurikire y’ikirereUmuryango w’Afurika y’Iburika y’Iburasirazuba wakusany-ije imitungo igenewe gute-gura igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburika y’Iburasirazuba ku mi-hindagurikire y’ikirere

ii) Gutegura Itegekonshinga ry’Umuryango wita ku ite-ganyagihe w’Umuryango

w’Afurika y’IburikaUmushinga w’itegekonshinga warateguwe.

iii) Gahunda y’imyaka itanu y’iterambere mu by’iteganyagihe n’ingamba z’ishoramari Iyo gahunda yarateguwe. Ite-gereje kunonosorwa bitarenze hagati muri Gashyantare 2011

iv) Ikigo cy’Afurika y’Iburika y’Iburasirazuba gishinzwe iteg-anyagihe ry’igihe giciriritseIngamba z’imikorere y’ikigo zizategurwa bitarenze impera za Mata 2011

5.8 INGUFU

Mu guteza imbere urwego rw’ingufu, ibihugu bigize umuryango byemeranyije gufata ingamba n’uburyo bwo guteza imbere imikoreshereze myiza yazo, iterambere, ubushakashatsi buhuriweho n’imikoreshereze y’imitungo inyuranye itanga in-gufu kandi iboneka mu karere.

Ingamba na za gahunda bi-kurikira biracyakomeza mu rwego rw’ingufu:

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i) Umushinga w’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba - Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC-EAPP 2013 - 2038)

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi na Grid Code Study by’uyumushinga birimo gukorwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’amashanyarazi yo mu karere kizaba intango yo kwagura imit-erere y’amashanyarazi naho uru-tonde rw’ibimenyetso bikoresh-wa ruzayobora igishushanyo mu rwego rwa tekiniki nibikorwa byo guhuza amashanyarazi kugi-ra ngo asaranganywe mu karere.

Amahugurwa y’abategura imiyo-boro y’insinga z’amashanyarazi mu buryo bw’Ubufatanye bwa Leta n’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo azakorwa hagati mu muri Gashy-antare 2011

ii) Inama n’amamurikagurisha y’ibikomoka kuri peterori muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAPCE)

Iyi Nama iterana rimwe mu my-aka ibiri. Iha umwanya Ibihugu

bigize umuryango kumurika umutungo kamere wabyo mu bya Peterori, Gaze n’ibindi bi-tanga ingufu bifite kandi ikurura abashoramari muri uru rwego mu karere

iii) Umushinga wa politiki y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zam-buka imipaka mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Itegura rya politiki yerekeranye n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zam-buka imipaka rizanonosorwa bitarenze Gashyantare 201. Iyo politiki izatanga imirongo ngen-derwaho mu gushyira mu bikor-wa imishinga yo gushakisha aho ingufu zidashira ahubwo zihora ziyongera zaturuka mu bihugu byose bihana imbibi. Gukoresha urugomero rw’amashanyarazi ruri hafi y’umupaka bizaba bi-hendutse, byoroshye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kandi bizongera ub-ufatanye mu karere.

iv) Umushinga w’igitembo cya Gazi Dar es Salaam-Tanga-Mombasa

Inyigo ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo irimo ikorwa. Umushin-ga ugambiriye gutwara peterori

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kuva Dar es Salam kugera Mom-basa yo gukoresha mu nganda no mu mago.

v) Igitembo cya peterori Kam-pala – Kigali – Bujumbura

Inyigo ku ishyirwa mu bikor-wa ryawo iratganyijwe. Uyu mushinga byitezwe ko uzaga-banya ikiguzi co gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu Rwanda no mu Bu-rundi nk’uburyo bwo gutanga peterori n’ibiyikomokaho mu buryo budahagarara.

vi) Ingamba mpuzakarere zigamije kongera serivisi zigez-weho z’ingufu z’amashanyarazi (2005 - 2015)

Ugushyirwa mu bikorwa kw’ingamba kwatangiye muri Kamena 2005 kandi kurakomeje

5.9 IMISHINGA Y’AMAZI N’ISUKURA RY’AMAZI

I) Umushinga w’Amazi n’Isukura w’Ikiyaga cya Vigi-toriya (LVWATSAN)

• Hari amafaranga amafaranga yawo ahari agera kuri miliyoni 110 z’amadorari y’Amerika

• Imijyi itatu yo muri buri Gihugu mu bigize Umuryango muri icyo kibaya izagerwaho n’iyo gahunda

• Imijyi ya Kayonza, Nyagatare na Nyanza izagerwaho n’uwo mushinga

5.10 UBUMENYI N’IKORANABUHANGA

i) Ishyirwaho rya Komisiyo y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ishinzwe Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga

Iyi komisiyo izacunga imishin-ga na gahunda byose ya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu muryan-go. Intego nyamukuru ya Komis-iyo ni guteza imbere Siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Karere binyuze mu bushakashatsi, gu-hanga udushya, ubumenyi, gutu-miza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n’ihererekanya ikoranabuhanga.

Inyungu z’imishinga na ga-hunda zirebana n’ibikorwa remezo

• Imihanda yo ku butaka, imihanda ya gari ya moshi, Ubwikorezi bwo mu ndege no

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Gutwara ibintu n’abantu hakore-shejwe inzira y’amazi biza-gabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu karere bityo binorohereze ubucuruzi

• Gahunda z’Iteganyagihe iza-hindura Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ube akarere kamwe k’iteganyagihe maze ibihugu bigize umuryango bishobore gusangira amakuru n’ibikorwa remezo byereker-anye n’iteganyagihe

• Imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho izaba inkingi mwikorezi y’iterambere ry’izindi nzego zose uhereye ku buhinzi ukagera ku bu-curuzi n’uburezi hamwe no kurushaho koroshya umurimo w’ubuyobozi bigabanya ikiguzi cy’isangiramakuru muri aka karere.

• Imishinga y’amazi n’isukurwa ryayo izatanga amazi meza ku benegihugu b’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kandi uzagabanya indwara akenshi ziterwa n’amazi adasukuye

• Imishinga y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi izashyigikira

iterambere ry’inganda kandi irinde ibidukikije kubera ko Ingufu z’ibicanwa bidahumanya ikirere zizaba zageze mu ngo z’abenegihugu

Ingorane zagaragaye mu rwego rw’ibikorwa remezo.

Ingorane zikurikira zaraga-ragajwe mu cyiciro cy’ibikorwa remezo:

• Kubura kw’amafaranga atu-ruka mu bihugu bigize Umury-ango kugira ngo yungikanywe n’inkunga y’abaterankunga mu by’amajyambere, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’inyigo zinonon-sora umushinga.

• Gutinda kwemeza amasezera-no yashyizweho Umukono muri iki kiciro cy’ibikorwa remezo, n’ubwo Ihuriro ryatanze am-abwiriza ko nibura mu gihe cy’amezi 6 uhereye igihe ama-sezerano yashyiriweho umukono ibihugu byakagombye kuba byayemeje.

• Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rigenda gahoro gahoro ry’ibikorwa byo mu Karere bijyanye n’imishinga yemejwe igashyirwa ku mu-

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rongo wa mbere ku rwego rw’Igihugu;

• Kuba nta buryo buhamye bwo guhuza ibyerekezo by’iterambere by’ibihugu big-ize Umuryango n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere ku rwego

rw’akarere harimo n’ibikorwa remezo byashyizwe ku mur-ongo wa mbere w’ibigomba gukorwa. Ibisabwa mu rwego rw’ibikorwa remezo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kugira ngo imishinga na za gahunda bikorwe neza

UMUTWE WA VI: UBUFATANYE MU BY’AMATEGEKO, UBUTABERA N’IBYA POLITIKI.

Intego nyamukuru (Ingingo ya 5 y’Amasezerano) ni ugutegura za politiki na za gahunda zigami-je kwagura no gushimangira uguhuriza hamwe mu byereker-anye na poliriki, ubukungu, im-bonezamubano n’umuco, siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, kurinda ubu-sugire bw’ibihugu, umutekano, ibyerekeranye n’amategeko n’ubucamanza. Ibindi bisobanuro by’intego bikubiye mu ngingo ya 5(2) na (3) naho ibigomba kuba-mo ubufatanye mu bya politiki, iby’amategeko n’ubucamanza bigaragazwa mu mutwe wa 23 (Ubufatanye mu byapolitiki) kugeza kuwa 24 (Ubufatanye mu by’amategeko n’ubucamanza) mu nyandiko y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango w’Afurika

y’Iburasirazuba.

6.1 UBUFATANYE MU BY’AMATEGEKO N’ UBU-CAMANZA

Intego nkuru (ingingo ya 5 y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango) ni ugutegura ga-hunda ndetse na za porogaramu zigamije kwagura no kunoza ubufatanye mu bya politiki mu bukungu mu mibereho my-iza y’abaturage n’ muco, ubu-menyi n’ikoranabuhanga, in-gabo, umutekano, amategeko n’ubutabera.

Ikindi kandi, ishyirwaho ry’intego riteganijwe mu ngongo ya 5(2) n’iya (3) kandi ahantu

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hagomba ubufatanye mu bya politiki, amategeko ubutabera m biteganijwe kuva ku Umutwe wa 23(Ubufatanye mu bya Poli-tiki) kugeza kuwa 24(ubufatanye mu by’amategeko n’ubutabera) y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango

6.2 Ubufatanye mu by’Amategeko n’Ubucamanza

i. Ishingiro ry’isuzuma n’ivugurura: (Amahame shin-giro y’Amasezerano mpu-zamahanga: Ingingo y’150 y’Amasezerano n’imishinga ite-ganijwe mu masezerano y’isoko rusange ry’Umuryango na ga-hunda y’ingamba z’iterambere 2001–2015);

ii. Ahashobora guteganywa ivugururwa ry’amasezerano n’ihuzwa ry’amategeko: isu-zumwa ryakozwe n’ibihugu big-ize Umuryango mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ashy-iraho umuryango wa EAC aho bigeze kugeza ubu(imbogamizi n’ibikocamye byagaragaye);iii. Ibintu byihariye bigomba kwigwaho:

• Amahame shingiro aranga Umuryango

• Imiterere y’inzego (abazi-gize, ubufatanye n’imikorere nyiza y’inzego); • Ubusobanuro n’imikorere myiza mu inonosora rya za gahunda n’ihuzwa ry’ahakenewe ubufatanye (Coverage and Effectiveness in Policy Rationalization and Harmonization of Areas of Co-operation); • Ibirebana n’imari y’umuryango ikwiye, ihagije kandi iboneka/yizewe);• Ibyangombwa byo gukora inyandiko (Drafting Require-ments);

iv. Ingamba zemejwe: gukusan-ya ibitekerezo n’imishyikiraho iyobowe n’itsinda ngishwanama ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru (high level task force) igatanga raporo ku Ihuriro no ku Nama Nkuru bikozwe n’Intumwa Nkuru ya leta /Minisitiri w’ ubutabera;

v. Uko byifashe kugeza ubu: Itegurwa n’isakazwa ry’ibyifuzo mu bihugu bigize Umuryango ndetse n’inzego zigize Umury-ango kugira ngo zitangeho ibitekerezo;

vi. Ibigomba gukorwa: Ku-

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nonosora inama nyunguranabi-tekerezo n’imishyikirano ku ivugururwa byatangiye muri Gicurasi 2010.

6.3 AHO KWEMEZA AMA-SEZERANO BIGEZE

- Ingingo y’151 iteg-anya ishingiro n’umwanya w’Amasezerano ; - Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byashyize umukono kandi bye-meza amasezerano anyuranye mu rwego rwo gushimangira no kunoza ubufatanye mu bintu binyuranye.

Dore Urutonde rw’amasezerano (Protocols) ya EAC:

i) Urutonde rw’amasezerano yemejwe1. Amasezerano y’ifatwa ry’ibyemezo by’Ihuruiro;2. Amasezerano yo kuryanya icuruzwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge mu Karere k’afurika y’Iburasirazuba;3. Amasezerano yerekeye ubuzi-rangenge, imikorere myiza, ingero n’ipimwa;4. Amasezerano yerekeye

ishyirwaho ry’ihuuriro ya za kaminuza zo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;5. Amasezerano yerekeye iterambere rirambye ry’ikibaya cy’ikiyaga cya Vigitopriya;6. Amasezerano yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’Ubufatanye mu bya za Gasutamo mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;7. Amasezerano yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’ Ikigo kigenzura umutekano w’iby’indege za gisivire n’umutekano muri ru-sange mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ;8. Amasezerano yerekeye ishy-irwaho ry’Ubunyamabanga bwa Komisiyo ihoraho ihuriweho y’ubufatanye hagati ya Repu-burika ya Kenya Repuburika ya Uganda na Repuburika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya.9. Amasezerano yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’Isoko Rusange ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;10. Amasezerano nyongera ku ihuzabikorwa rya politiki zo hanze.

ii) Urutonde rw’Amasezerano yashyizweho umukono ariko ntaremezwa1. Amasezerano yerekeye

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Imicungire y’Ibidukikije n’Umutungo Kamere;2. Amasezerano yerekeye ishy-irwaho rya Komisiyo y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ishinzwe Ubu-menyi n’Ikoranabuhanga;3. Amasezerano yerekeye ishy-irwaho rya Komisiyo y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ishinzwe Igiswahire;4. Amasezerano yerekeye ishy-irwaho rya Komisiyo y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ishinzwe Ubushakashatsi mu by’ubuzima;

iii) Urutonde rw’Amasezerano ari ku rwego rw’imishyikiano:5. Amasezerano yerekeye ubufatanye mu byerekeranye n’Ingabo;6. Amasezerano yerekeye ishy-irwa mu bikorwa ry’iyaguka ry’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;7. Umushinga w’Amasezerano yerekeye ubudahangarwa n’ibigenerwa byihariye urategerejwe , ugeze ku rwego rwihariye rw’Ihuriro ry’ubuhuzabikorwa bw’Ububanyi n’amahanga;

6.4 GUHUZA NO GUSANI-SHA AMATEGEKO MU MURYANGO W’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

Hashyizweho akanama k’imirimo gashinzwe gukurikirana uko ihuza n’isanisha ry’amategeko y’igihugu mu muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Iki gikorwa ahanini kiyobowe na komisiyo zishinwe ivugurura ry’amategeko na za minisiteri z’ubutabera n’ibyerekeranye n’itegeko nshinga. Hari na none komite yungirije ku isanisha ry’amategeko iyobowe n’abakuru ba komisiyo z’ivugurura ry’amategeko y’Ibihugu bigize umuryango ari nabo komisiyo zigezaho raporo.

Ku nkunga y’ICF Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba wasabye ko haba inyigo ku ihuza ry’amategeko y’ubucuruzi kandi ko habaho Amatsinda 9 yita ku buryo bukoreshwa mu bihugu byose bigize umuryango. Inyigo iriho ikorwa n’inzobere ngishwanama mu byiciro byayo bisoza.

Ku byerekuranye no gusanisha amategeko, kugeza ubu, Inama

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y’Abaminisitiri ya 21 yateranye yamaze kwemeza icyifuzo gisa-ba ko haba gusuzuma amategeko y’amasosiyete yabo hagamijwe kwemeranya ibigomba guhin-durwa kubw’umurimo wakozwe na komite yungirije. U Rwanda n’ u Burundi nabyo bizashyiraho amategeko mashya atari ahari ariko akaba ari ngombwa cyane mu gukora ubucuruzi nkamat-egeko agenga Ubufatanye, etc.

Nyuma yo gusanisha amategeko ya sosiyete, amategeko akurikira ni amategeko agenga ibyo kwin-jira nogusohoka. Ibyo bikorwa hagamijwe ugushyirwa mu bikorwa kwiza kw’amasezerano y’Isoko rusange ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

6.5 IYAGURWA RY’UBUBASHA BW’URUKIKO RY’AFURIKA Y’IBURASIRAZUBA

Impamvu z’iri yagurwa

• Inshingano z’Urukiko rw’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba –Urwego rw’ubutabera (nk’uko biteganijwe mu mutwe wa 8

w’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango);• Ububasha bw’Urukiko (ubu-basha bwo guca imanza no gusobanura amategeko n’uko biteganijwe mu ngingo ya 23 n’iya 27 z’Amasezerano ashy-iraho Umuryango, n’ububasha bwo gukemura impaka nk’uko biteganijwe mu ngingo ya 27 y’ayo masezerano.• Ishingiro ryo kwagura ububasha: Ingingo ya 27 y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango, iyaguka, iteram-bere ry’ubufatanye n’imigambi y’ahazaza ikeneye Urwego rw’Ubutabera rushikamye muz-indi Nzego z’Umuryango ndetse n’Ibitekerezo biri mu Mu-gambi w’Iterambere ry’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba 2006–2010.

Ubu bihagaze bite?

• Hafashwe icyemezo cy’Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri cyo kwagura ububasha; • Hateguwe umushinga w’amasezerano uteganya ubu-basha busanzwe bw’Urukiko bwo kuregerwa , ububasha mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, n’ububasha bwo ku rwego rwo

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kujuririrwa; • Ibikorwa byo kujya inama n’inzobere ku rwego rw’igihugu n’akarere hakubiyemo abafatan-yabikorwa b’ingenzi babyemeye (i.e. Ubu inama ngishwanama ku rwego rw’igihugu no ku rwe-go rw’Akarere zirakorwa abafat-anya bikorwa b’ingenzi bemera-nijweho bakazigiramo uruhare (urugero ubucamanza, abikorera imirimo y’ubucuruzi, Inteko zishinga amategeko z’ibihugu, imiryango y’inzobere, Inzego z’Umuryango w’afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’ibandi, etc.);

Ingorane zo mu rwego rw’Itegeko nshinga rya buri gihugu:

• Ubwigenge busesuye bw’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango ku bintu bimwe na bimwe; • Iminyurane y’uburyo ubusum-bane bw’inkiko buteye; • Kuba nta rwego rushinzwe guhuza amategeko yo mu karere n’ibindi… Ibigomba gukorwa

Gukomeza no kurangiza gahun-da y’Inama ngishwanama kugi-rango amasezersano yemezwe

kandi ashyirweho umukono.

6.6 AMATEGEKO Y’UMURYANGO (LEGIS-LATION OF THE COMMU-NITY)

Itangazwa ryo gutangira gu-kurikizwa kw’ Amategeko y’umuryango bikorwa mu buryo bw’umushinga w’itegeko utorwa n’Inteko Ishinga Amat-egeko y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ukemezwa n’Abakuru b’Ibihugu. Buri mush-inga w’’Itegeko watowe kandi ukemezwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu witwa Itegeko ry’Umuryango.

Imishinga y’amategeko ikurikira yatowe n’Inteko ishingoa amategeko itegere-jwe kwemezwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu:

i) umushinga w’itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (ivugurura) ,2009;ii) Umushinga w’itegeko ry’Ingengo y’Imari, 2009;iii) Umushinga w’itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku micungire imicungire (ivugurura) , 2009;

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iv) umushinga w’itegeko ryerek-eye Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege za gisiviri no kwita ku mutekano muri rusange (CAS-SOA), 2009

Imishinga y’Amategeko ikurikira iri gutekerezwaho na za Komite z’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ndetse n’Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri:

i) Umushinga w’Itegeko ryerek-eye Komisiyo ishinzwe ibibaya by’Ikiyaga cya Vigitoriya,2007, hategerejwe ko hemezwa ivu-gururwa ryasabwe, na Komite y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’umuryango ishinzwe ubuhinzi, n’umutungo kamere ku byer-ekeye umushinzga w’imiterere y’inzego z’iyo komite;ii) Umushinga w’Itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ryerekeye amatora, 2008, hategerejwe ibitekerezo by’ibihugu bigize Umuryango, bijyanye b’ubwoko bw’iryo tegeko(uburyo ryaba riteye) n’ingaruka ryagira ku biteganijwe n’itegeko shinga rya buri gihugu kigize Umuryango; iii) Umushinga w’Itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ryerekeye

ubukerarugendo n’imicungire y’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, 2008.

6.7 UBUFATANYE MU BYEREKEYE POLITIKI

Kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’intego z’Umuryango nk’uko zite-ganijwe mu ngingo ya 5 y’Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango, by’umwihariko ku byerekeye n’uko bishoboka ko hashyirwaho ihuzwa rya politiki mu bihugu bigize Umuryango, ibyo bihugu bihugu bizateganya kandi bishyire mu bikorwa ga-hunda zigamije ubufatanye mu bya politike kugira ngo hazabe-ho ihuzwa rya politiki (hazabeho igihugu kimwe kigendera kuri politiki imwe).

Amasezerano ashyiraho Umury-ango ntasobanura neza igihe giteganijwe kugira ngo ibyiciro byose by’ubufatanye bizagerwe-ho uretse icyiciro cy’ubufatanye mu bya za Gasutamo cyari cya-hawe imyaka 4 amasezerano amaze gushyirwaho umukono.Ariko mu ngingo ya126 (6) hat-eganijwe ko “Inama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu izatangiza gahunda

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igamije ishyirwaho ry’ihuzwa rya politiki ry’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango, itegeka Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri gutangiza iyo gahunda”.

Abakuru b’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango, mu nama yabo ya 10 yabaye mu kwezi kwa Mata 2009, yategetse Ihuriro ry’abaminisitiri gusuzuma za raporo z’amanama ngishwanama z’ibihugu byose uko ari bitanu nyuma bagashyikiriza iyo nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu imyanzuro ifatika mu yindi nama ikurikira yo ku kwezi kw’ Ugushyingo 2009, ku byakorwa kugirango hashyirweho ihuzwa rya poli-tikiki.

Ihuriro ry’Abaninisitiri ryatanze raporo ku byakorwa byerekeye ihuzwa rya politiki mu Mury-ango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, mu Nama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu ya 11yateranye kuwa 20 ugushy-ingo 2009, iyo Nama yategetsae Ihuriro ibi bikurikira:

i) Gutegura gahunda yumvi-kana igamije gusobanurira abaturage ku buryo bihoraho kandi bufatika harimo nza za gahunda zo kugirana icy-

izere, kubaka ubwizerane, ishyirwaho ry’isuranyafurika y’Iburasirazuba, n’ubufatanye mu batuye Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu byerekeye Ubufatanyemu muryango;no ii) Gushyiraho itsinda ry’abahanga kugira ngo hakor-we inyigo inononsoye yerekeye ingorane zagaragajwe zijyanye n’ihuzwa rya politiki hagamijwe no gushaka uburyo ibyo bibazo byakemuka.

Ariko rero, ni ngombwa ku-menya ko hari ibindi bintu by’ingezi bituma habaho uru-fatiro rw’ihuzwa rya politiki. Ibyo ni nka za gahunda zerekeye imiyoborere nyiza, ubutegetsi butangwa n’abaturage, guso-banura uburyo umuntu agera ku nshingano yahawe no gukorera mu mucyo, uburenganzira bw’i kiremwa muntu, no kubahiriza ihame ry’ igihugu kigendera ku mategeko.

Dore bimwe mu byakozwe:

Kurwanya ruswa, kwimika ukuri n’ubupfura

• Uru rwego rurakora cy-ane– rwatangije umushinga

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w’Amasezerano yerekeye kurwanya ruswa ukaba ugeze mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’imishyikirano.

• Mu byo aya masezerano agamije , harimo ingamba zo gukumira ruswa, ibikorwa bya ruswa bijyanye na yo, kuga-ruza umutungo no gufatira burundu, guhererekanya imanza mpanabyaha itegurwa n’ihuzwa rya za gahunda n’amategeko yo muri buri gihugu;

• Amasezerano ateganya uguher-erekanya abanyabyaha, ubufat-anye mu by’ubutabera, no guter-ana inkunga mu by’amategeko mu bihugu bigize Umuryango ku bijyanye na ruswa;

Kurinda no guteza imbere uburenganzira b’ikiremwa muntu

• Amasezerano ashyiraho Umuryango ateganya kurinda no guteza imbere uburenganzira b’ikiremwa muntu hakurikijwe Amasezeano nyafurika yerekeye Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwa muntu n’Ubw’abantu;

• Ishyirwaho ry’Itegeko

ry’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwa muntu ry ‘Umuryango;

• Ishyirwaho ry’Ihuriro ry’ Ubu-renganzira bw’Ikiremwa muntu ry ‘Umuryango;

• Kongera ingufu ku Inzego z’Igihugu n’iz’Akarere; kandi,

• Itegurwa n’ihuzwa rya za gahunda z’Ibikorwa ku rwe-go rw’igihugu no ku rwego rw’Akarere.

Ubufatanye bwa za Konisiyo z’Ibihugu z’Amatora (Coop-eration among National Elec-toral Commissions)

•Hari ihuriro ry’abakuru ba za komisiyo z’amatora bisabwe n’abakuriye za Komisoyo z’ibihugu z’amatora.

• Intego nkuru y’ubufatanye bwabo ni guhana amakuru kugurana inama mu mikorere, ingorane bahura nazo no gute-gura ingamba z’akarere zigamije amatora yo bu bwisanzure any-uze mu mucyo, kandi yemewe ku nzego zose.

• Kwiyumvisha ko amatora ari

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kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byo guteza imbere demokarasi (ubutegetsi bw’abaturage), ari ko na none amatora akaba intandaro y’amakimbirane ahenze mu karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Kugendera ku mategeko n’ubutabera bwa bose

• Iki cyiciro kigizwe na Komisiyo yo kuvugurura am-ategeko, Inkiko, Abaminisitiri b’Ubutabera n’ibyerekeye Itegekonshinga abakozi n’ibigo by’Umutekano;

• Intego y’iki cyiciro ni uguteza imbere ishyirwaho ry’amategeko meza abereye, ashingiye kuri bintu byagi-weho inama,no gutuma habaho imiyoborere myiza y’inzego z’ubutabera mu buryo bu-tanaga icyizere cy’ubutabera bw’abaturage, ikumirwa ry’ amakimbirane, amahori n’politiki irambye ( idahinda-gurika);

• Guteza imbere iyubahirizwa ry’iheme ry’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko ubutabera no kuba-hiriza itegekonshinga;

• Guteza imbere no gushyiraho ingamba zikorewe hamwe, no guhuza gahunda na za porogaramu z’akarere no ku-baka ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ubugenzuzi hashingiwe ku bintu byumvikanyeho mu karere.

Ubufatanye ku bakuru b’urwego rw’Ubutabera mu Muryango

• Kwemera ihame ryo kutagira aho ubogamiye ry’ubutabera ,cyane cyane ku birebana n’imiyoborere myiza, harimo no kubahiriza ihame ry’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko , no ku mahame y’itegekonshinga n’ubutabera bwa bose;

• Ihuriro ry’Umurango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ry’Abakuru b’Urwego rw’Ubutabera ryashyizweho;

• Rihuza Abakuru b’Urwego rw’Ubutabera bakungurana ibi-tekerezo bijyanye n’ubuzobere mu kazi, ingorane n’imikorere myiza ku Karere.

Gahunda y’Umuryango yerek-eye imiyoborere myiza

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• Hari imbogamizi nyinshi ku miyoborere myiza: Urugero politiki ihindagurika hato na hato, gukoresha nabi umutungo w’igihugu, guhohotera uburen-ganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, gukoresha nabi umwanya umuntu afite muri Leta, ibibazo by’inzibacyuho, amakimbirane n’ibindi…;

• Mu gihe cy’Amanama nyunguranabitekerezo ku rwego rw’igihugu ku bijyanye n’ihuzwa rya politiki abanya-burika y’Iburasirazuba bashyize mu majwi uburyo bwo kuyobora n’umuco wa demokarasi biha-banye cyane mu bihugu bigize Umuryango;

• Ni ngombwa gushimangira Inzego za Leta nka Komis-iyo y’amatora, Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, ibigo bishinzwe kur-wanya ruswa, Komisiyo zo kuvugurura amategeko, ubut-abera ikurikizwa ry’amategeko umutekano mu Karere n’ibindi;

• Ihuriro ryemeje ko iyi gahunda y’imiyoborere myiza yashyirwa mu masezerano;

• Ibihugu bigize Umuryango bishyigikiye imwe mu migambi yo ku mugabane igamije kwe-meza no gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano nyafurika ku butegetsi bw’abaturage (de-mokarasi) imiyoborere myiza n’amatora;

• Ubunyamabanga bw’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba burorohereza ishyirwaho ry’ihururo ry’akarere ry’inama zihoraho z’inzego n’abafatanyabikorwa mu byer-ekeye iterambere ry’imiyoborere myiza, iyubahirizwa ry’ihame ry’igihugu kigendera ku mat-egeko, haarimo ubucamanza, ubutabera n’ibyerekeye ik-tegekoshinga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ibigo bishinzwe umutekano nk’uko byose byuzu-zanya.

Amahoro n’umutekano

• Amasezerano ashyiraho umuryango na Gahunda y’Amajyambere y’Umryango afata amahoro n’umutekano nk’ishingiro ry’ibanze ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu no kugera ku ntego k’ubufatanye bw’akarere;

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• Gahunda y’Umuryango y’Amahoro n’Umutekano mu Karere ishyira mu bikorwa ingingo ya 124 isobanura in-tego na za gahunda mu nzira zose z’ubufatanye zabaruwe mu cyiciro runaka. Irateganya gutegura amasezerano yerek-eye amahoro n’Umutekano mu karere no guhuriza hamwe mu itegeko rimwe ibikorwa byose bigamije kwimakaza amahoro n’umutekano mu Karere no gushyiraho urwego rushinzwe amahoro n’umutekano ruy-obowe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru.

Ibikorwa mu byerekeya ama-horo n’umutekano Interven-tions under peace and security • Guteza imbere ibiganiro bihujije ibyiciro binyuranye mubyerekeye ingabo, politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga hakore-shejwe inama zihuriweho;

• Gushyira mu bikorwa ama-sezerano y’Umuryango yerek-eye kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge;

• Gutegura ingamba zo kubuza hakiri kare amakimbirane;

• Gutegura gahunda igamije

gukemura amakimbirane n’uburyo bwo kuyahosha butewe inkunga n’U muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika/Umury-ango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi;

• Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’ibikorwa ihuriweho igamije gukemura ibibazo bijyane n’iyibwa ry’amamodoka ndetse n’icuruzwa ry’abantu;

• Gushyiraho gahunda zijy-anye no kugenzura iyibwa ry’amatungo.

Ubufatanye mu byerekeye ingabo

• Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba birashyira mu bikorwa ubu-fatanye mu byerekeye ingabo hakoreshejwe Amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu byerekeye ingabo yashyizweho umukono n’Abakuru b’Ibihugu mu kwezi kw’ Ugushyingo 2001;

• Amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu byerekeye ingabo ashy-iraho ishami rihuza ibikorwa mu by’ingabo ku Cyicaro gikuru cy’Umuryango, Ibiro by’Umuryango wa Afurika

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y’Iburasirazuba muri za Minisit-eri z’ingabo, n’ihuriro ryihariye ry’ubufatanye mu byerekeye ingabo;

• Ibyiciro by’ubufatanye twavuga nk’ amahugurwa ya gisirikare ahuriweho–mu nzego z’igihugu, amashuri y’abakozi n’amahugurwa, gukorera hamwe mu gihe cy’ibiza, ubushakashatsi no gutabara, gufatanya mu bya tekiniki, gusangira(gufatanya) infashanyigisho n’ibikoresho by’amahugurwa n’ubushakashatsi, gusurana no guhana za gahunda, ibi byose hagamijwe gushimangira ubu-vandimwe mu ngabo;

• Ubufatanye muri ibi byiciro bwagiye bushyirwa mu bikorwa ku buryo bugaragara; Amasezer-ano y’ubufatanye mu byerek-eye ingabo agomba gushyirwa mu Masezerano y’ubufatanye, nyuma y’uko hagaragaye ko icy-izere cyamaze gushimangirwa.

Ububanyi n’amahanga /ubuhuzabikorwa bwa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga

• Ibihugu bigize Umuryango

w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byas-hyize mu bikorwa amasezerano yerekeye ubuhuzabikorwa bwa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga (Mutarama 1999) amasezerano akaba agomba kwongerwa mu masezerano y’ubufatanye no mu byemezo n’amabwiriza by’Urwego rushinzwe za ga-hunda ( za Politiki;

• Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byatangije ingamba zigami-je ihuzwa rya za politiki z’ububanyi n’amahanga z’Ibyo bihugu;

• Ubunyamabanga bw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bufite uruhare rukomeye muri ibi bikurikira:

i. Guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba zigamije gushyiraho ubu-fatanye bufite umurongo hagati y’Umuryango n’indi miryango mmpuzamahanga – Imiryango y’Ubukungu y’Akarere, (REC’s), Umurayngo w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika (AU), Umury-ango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Umury-ango w’Abibumbye (UN),

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n’iyindi…;ii. Kugaragaza amahirwe y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni ukuvuga: Komite yungirje ku bapigan-irwa imyanya y’akazi mpu-zamahanga.iii. Gukorera ubuvugizi Umuryango mu bindi bihugu, mu buryo bw’ubufatanye n’izindi nzego urugero ni nk’ibindi biro, inzego nde-tse n’ibiro by’uhagarariye igihugu mu mahanga).

Ibyongerwaho n’imyanzuro

• Ibi byiciro byagaragajwe biruzuzanya mu gushyigikira gahunda y’ ubufatanye mu bya politiki , ni intangiriro y’intego nyamukuru y’ubufatanye– Ihuz-wa rya Politiki (biganisha ku kugira igihugu kimwe);

• Politiki y’imiyoborere ni intambwe y’ingenzi muri gahunda zose z’ubufatanye bw’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba- Zose zisaba ko Politiki abantu bayiyum-vamo bakayigira iyabo, bisaba ubushake bwa politiki, na poli-tiki y’imiyoborere inoze bikaba

ari ibintu bya ngombwa kugira ngo ubufatanye bugerweho;

• Kugirana amanama ngish-wanama n’abafatanyabikorwa b’ingenzi harimo amashyaka ya politiki, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, ubutegetsi bw’ibanze, ni ingenzi kandi biriho gukorwa;

6.8 IBIBAZO BYAKUNZE KUBAZWA

a) Igitekerezo cyo kwihutisha ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba Igihugu kimwe mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba cyavutse gute?

Mu Nama Idashazwe y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu yabereye i Nayirobi kuwa 27-29 Kanama 2004 aba-kuru b’ibihugu bagaragaje im-pungenge z’uko ubufatanye bu-genda buhoro, hanyuma hafatwa icyemezo cyo kwiga uburyo bwo kwihutisha gahunda kugira ngo intego nkuru y’Ihuzwa ry’ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe igerweho hakoreshejwe ingamba zo kwi-hutisha ubwo bufatanye.Iyo Nama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu yashyizeho Kimite yo kwiga uburyo n’ibyakenerwa kugira ngo hihutishwe ishyirwaho

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ry’ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Komite yakore-sheje amanama yaguye ngin-shwanama nyuna itanga raporo mu Nama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu yo kuwa 29 Ugushyingo 2004. Mu ri bimwe Komite yategany-ijwe hari gahunda ry’ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kim-we cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, bikaba byagezweho mu mwaka wa 2013.Nyuma y’ibyo, Inama Idashaz-we y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu yaber-eye i Daresalamu, muri Tanzani-ya muri Gicurasi 2005, yategetse Ihuriro ry’Abaminisitiri ingamba z’amanama ngish-wanama ku rwego rw’ibihugu kugira ngo hakusanywe ibi-tekerezo by’abaturage b’Afurika y’Ibiursirazuba bijyanye no kwi-hutisha ishyirwaho ry’ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kim-we cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

b) Ni ibihe bintu byavuye mu Manama ngishwanama yo ku rwego rw’igihugu bijyanye no kwihutisha ishyirwaho ry’ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba?

Imishyikirano yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, yabaye mu bihugu bitatu byatangiye umuryango (Tanzaniya Kenya na Uganga) nyuma raporo y’inama ngishwanama yatanzwe mu Nama y’Abakuru b’Ibihygu yabye muru Kanama 2007. Abaturage b’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bagaragaje ugushidikanya n’ impungenge byerekeye kwihutisha ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, kandi bagaragaza icyifuzo cy’uko hakenewe Itegekonshinga r y ’ i c y i t e g e r e r e z o , isaranganywa ry’ubutegetsi ku nzego zinyuranye, uruhare rw’amashyaka no kuba nta Manama ngishwanama ahagije ndetse no kuba uruhare rw’abaturage rutagaragara.

c) Ese ibitekerezo by’abanyarwanda bijyanye no kwihutisha ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byarakusanyijwe?

U Rwanda n’u Burundi nk’abanyamuryango bashya

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b’Umuryango na byo bya-koresheje inama ngishwanama nk’uko byemejwe n’Inama y’Abakuru b’ibihugu yo mu mwaka wa 2007. Gahunda y’inama ngishwanana ku rwego rw’igihugu yatangiye kuva muri Mata 2008 irangira muri Mu-tarama 2009. Raporo y’inama ngishwanama y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi yagejejwe mu Nama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu ya 10 yabaye kuw 29 Mata 2009 ibera Arusha muri Tanzaniya.

d) Ni ibiki byavuye mu Mana-ma ngishwanama?

Raporo ya za Komite ishinzwe inama ngishwanama ku rwego rw’Igihugu yagaragaje ibi bi-kurikira:• Nta makuru ahagije abanya-furika y’Iburasirazuba bafite ajy-anye n’ubufatanye bw’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Ibursirazuba ;• Abantu basobanukiwe ibijy-anye n’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bishimiye igi-tekerezo n’inyungu zizavamo;• Abantu batawusobanukiwe bakeneye ibisobanuro kuko bafite impungenge;• Habonetse inkunga rusange ijyanye n’ubufatanye nde-

tse hakazanaba ihuzwa ry’ ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kim-we cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba;• Hagaragajwe ugushidikanya ku gitekerezo cyo kwihuti-sha ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cy’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

e) Ni izihe mpungenge zaga-ragajwe mu nama ngishwa-nama?

• Ubukungu bunyuranye cy-angwa butari ku rwego rumwe ku bihugu bigize Umuryango kandi bikaba bishoboka ko haba hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bifite ubukungu bukataje bikaba byabangamira ibindi;• Ukudahura kw’uburezi/ubumenyi ngiro gahunda z’iterambere cyane cyane ku birebana n’isoko rusange by’umwihariko urujya n’uruza rw’abakozi;• Ibibazo by’ubutaka bishingi-ye ku guhindagurikwa kw’abaturage, ugereranije n’ubutaka n’uburenganzira bwo kuba ahantu;• Gutakaza ubwigenge n’ubutegetsi;• Ibibazo bijyanye n’umutekano ndetse n’iby’abinjira

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n’abasohoka kubera kworoshya urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ku mipaka.

f) Ni akahe kamaro ko kwihuti-sha ihuzwa ry’ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe?

• Ihuzwa ry’ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe byihutisha ubu-fatanye mu by’ubukungu kubo biroroshye guhuza gahunda imwe kuruta guhuza gahunda nyinshi kandi zifite ubwigenge busesuye;• Ubuyobozi bwa politiki bum-we butuma habaho kuzigama kuko habaho guhuriza hamwe imbaraga aho kuzitatanya;• Hazabaho umusaruro mwinshi uvuye mu gihugu kimwe. Uwo musaruro mwinshi uzasarang-anywa neza ku buryo bungana ku baturage bose mu gihe hari ihuzwa ry’ibihugu bikaba igi-hugu kimwe;• Ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe bitaha ubush-obozi abaturage b’Afurika

y’Iburasirazuba bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibintu binyuranye biri mu muryango bagamije in-tego imwe kandi habeho konge-re kunga ubumwe bw’imiryango ya kera yari yaragiye itandukana kubera imipaka;• Ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe bizagabanya amakimbirane mu Karere kandi bizamure bihe ishingiro uruhare rw’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango mu gukemura amakimbirane mu karere aho ari ho hose yavuka;• Ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe bizateza im-bere imicungire myiza ndetse n’ikoreshwa neza ry’umutungo kamere uhuriweho n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango, bizatume habaho kurinda neza ibidukikije, tutibagiwe no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari;• Ihuzwa ry’Ibihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe bizatuma umury-ango ugaragara nk’umuryango mugari umwe mu bukungu rusange ufite ijwi rimwe kandi ryumvikana.

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