D$-(i+i
I+#iah di*!*ia '$ra+a dari 'aha+a La#i( diplous  ya() '$rar#i )a(da, da( ops ya() '$rar#i &a#a. Di*!*ia a#au *$()iha#a( )a(da adaah "$uha( '$ru*a &$iha# dua )a&'ara( dari +a#u !'$"
S$da()"a( &$(uru# "a&u+ '$+ar D!ra(d, did$-(i+i"a( +$'a)ai ada(ya *$r+$*+i dua )a&'ar daa& +a#u !'y$".4
2
 
Di I(d!($+ia +$(diri, '$u& ada da#a $*id$&i!!)i ya() &$($a+"a( '$+ar(ya i(+id$(+i di*!*ia 'ai" &!(!"u$r &au*u( 'i(!"u$r
Di*!*ia a"i'a# !*$ra+i "a#ara", &$(uru# *$($i#ia( &$()a#a"a( ,3 &$(d$ri#a di*!*ia +$#$ah !*$ra+i "a#ara". Da( $'ih 'a(ya" #$radi *ada *$r$&*ua( +$r#a +$ri() *ada &a#a "iri
5 Epidemiologi
 
%ada da+ar(ya, "i#a &$iha# d$()a( !#a". Ma#a ha(yaah +$'uah !r)a( ya() &$($ri&a ra()+a() +$(+!ri+
 6$rda*a# +yara# ya() &$($(#u"a( "uai#a+ *$()iha#a( 'i(!"u$r
1. %$()iha#a( Si&u#a(
2. Fu+i
Fisiologi Penglihatan Binokuler
 
a&'ar a. Horopter Geometrik . B$r"a+ +i(ar dari #i#i" -"+a+i &$(8a*ai 9!:$a +$(#rai+ *ada "$dua &a#a *ada *$()iha#a( +i&u#a( (!r&a. ;ar$(a i#u, !'$" A da( B *ada h!r!*#$r
)$!&$#ri" di*r!y$"+i"a( *ada #i#i" "!r$+*!(d$(+i di r$#i(a. a&'ar '. Horopter Fisiologis. %ada a()"aua( +$&*i# di
d$*a( da( di '$a"a() h!r!*#$r <ar$a %a(u&= 2 )a&'ara(
r$#i(a &a+ih 'i+a '$r9u+i. 6i#i" A da( B ya() '$rada di uar ar$a %a(u&, di*r!y$"+i"a( "$ #i#i" (!("!r$+*!(d$( di r$#i(a.11
7
 
Dua &$"a(i+&$ u#a&a &i+ai)(&$(# !"u$r da( a'$ra+i !"u$r <&i+a d$9$" "!r($a, iri+, $(+a, a#au r$#i(a=
Mi+ai)(&$(# !"u$r &$(y$'a'"a( #$r)a())u(ya "a*a+i#a+ 9u+i!(a +i+#$& 'i(!"u$r. ;!!rdi(a+i ($ur!&u+"u$r ya() (!r&a #ida" da*a# &$(a)a "!r$+*!(d$(+i :i+ua !'$" *ada r$#i(a "$dua &a#a. D$()a( "a#a ai(, +$'uah !'$" ya() +$da() diiha# #ida" a#uh *ada 9!:$a "$dua r$#i(a, &a"a !'$" a"a( #a&*a" *ada dua #$&*a# +*a+ia '$r'$da da( di*!*ia *u( #$radi.
Mekanisme Diplopia
 
Di*!*ia &!(!"u$r adaah *$()iha#a( )a(da ya() #i&'u *ada &a#a ya() +a"i# +aa# &a#a ya() ai( di#u#u*
%$(y$'a' da*a# di'$da"a(
1. %$(y$'a' O9#a&i" "$ai(a( r$9ra"+i ya() #ida" #$r"!r$"+i da( d$9$" "!r($a ya() ai(
2. %$(y$'a' N$ur!!)i+
. %$(y$'a' (!(*a#!!)i+
 
Di*!*ia 'i(!"u$r adaah *$()iha#a( )a(da #$radi 'ia &$iha# d$()a( "$dua &a#a da( &$()hia() 'ia +aah +a#u &a#a di#u#u*
#$rda*a# 7 &$"a(i+&$ '$ri"u# da( !"a+i ya() #$r"ai# ya() haru+ dii()a# +aa# &$()u&*u"a( i(9!r&a+i &$()$(ai di*!*ia 'i(!"u$r
1. Displacement  !r'i#a a#au !"u$r #rau&a, &a++a a#au #u&!r, i(9$"+i, !9#a&!*a#i #$r"ai#?#ir!id.
2. R$+#ri"+i !#!# $"+#ra!"u$r !9#a&!*a#i #$r"ai#?#ir!id, &a++a a#au #u&!r, *$($*i#a( !#!# $"+#ra!"u$r, $+i !#!# $"+#ra!"u$r, a#au h$&a#!& "ar$(a *$&'$daha( &a#a.
10 Diplopia Binokuler
La(u#a(@
. ;$$&aha( !#!# $"+#ra!"u$r &i!*a#i "!()$(i#a, &i!*a#i &i#!"!(dria, di+#r!- &u+"u$r.
4. ;$ai(a( neuromuscular junction: &ia+#$(ia )ra:i+, '!#ui+&.
5. Di+9u()+i +ara9 "ra(ia III, I, a#au I i+"$&ia, h$&!ra)i", #u&!r a#au &a++a, &a9!r&a+i :a+"u$r, a($uri+&$, #rau&a, &$(i()i#i+, +"$r!+i+ &u#i*$.
. Di+9u()+i (u"$ar +ara9 "ra(ia di 'a#a() !#a" +#r!"$,
h$&!ra)i", #u&!r a#au &a++a, #rau&a, &a9!r&a+i :a+"u$r.
7. Di+9u()+i +u*ra(u"$ar ya() &$i'a#"a( aur "$ da( a(#ara (u"$u+ +ara9 "ra(ia III, I a#au I +#r!"$, h$&!ra)i", #u&!r a#au &a++a, #rau&a, +"$r!+i+ &u#i*$, hidr!+$9au+, +i-i+,
$(+$9a!*a#i W$r(i8"$, *$(ya"i# ($ur!d$)$($ra#i9.
11
 6i)a )$aa ya() *$(#i() haru+ di"$#ahui d$()a(  $a+
1. A*a"ah &$(u#u* +aah +a#u &a#a &$&'ua# di*!*ia hia()
2. A*a"ah d$:ia+i +a&a *ada +$&ua arah gaze  <*a(da()a(= a#au !$h *$($"u"a( da( *$&u#ara( "$*aa daa& '$r'a)ai *!+i+i
. A*a"ah !'$" "$dua #$riha# h!riC!(#a <'$r+i+ia(= a#au :$r#i"a <a#a+ da( 'awah=
12 Diagnosis
Pemeriksaan untuk Lokasi Anatomik 
%$&$ri"+aa( +$&ua 9u()+i +$(+!ri" :i+ua (!r&a da( 9u()+i &!#!ri" !"u$r *$ru daa& $:aua+i di*!*ia. 6aa& *$()iha#a( ya() *ai() 'ai" di*$r'ai"i, a*a()a( *a(da() "$ "!(9r!(#a+i, *$(a&*a"a( *u*i, da( r$a"+i #$rhada* 8ahaya, da( 9u(du+ *!+#$ri!r haru+ di*$ri"+a *ada +$#ia* *a+i$(. Aa# ya() di)u(a"a( u(#u" &$()u"ur #aa& *$()iha#a( adaah *i(h!$, da*a# &$()$i&i(a+i "$ai(a( r$9ra"+i da( di*!*ia &!(!"u$r.
1
Pemeriksaan Diplopia Monokuler
*$&$ri"+aa( !9#a&!!)i" $()"a* #$r&a+u" *$&$ri"+aa( +i# a&*  &$($(#u"a( *$(y$'a' !"u$r +*$+i-"
 Ji"a *i(h!$ &$()!r$"+i di*!*ia, &a"a *$(y$'a'(ya &u()"i( &$i'a#"a( "!r($a a#au $(+a
;$ai(a( &a8ua r$#i(a #ida" a"a( &$&'ai" d$()a( *i(h!$
14
%! Pemeriksaan Pergerakan Otot Ekstraokuler
+! Pemeriksaan #atang otak 
,! Pemeriksaan -alur supranuklear
'$r)a(#u() *ada *$(y$'a'
%ada "a+u+ di*!*ia &!(!"u$r dia"u"a( "!r$"+i r$9ra"+i
(#u" "$ai(a( !r'i#a *$&$ri"+aa( 6 +8a( da( MRI adaah +ua#u i(di"a+i
%$(a#aa"+aa( dia"u"u"a( +$8ara "i(i+ a#au *$&'$daha(
1 Penatalaksanaan
$linis
M$(u#u* +a#u &a#a &$(u#u* &a#a +$ri() di*$ru"a(, "ar$(a *a+i$( haru+ #$ru+ '$ra"#i:i#a+ +a&'i &$(u())u i(#$r:$(+i.1
L$(+a !"u+i9 stick-on da*a# di*a"ai"a( "$ "a8a&a#a u(#u" &$&i(i&a"a( ha(di8a* *ada *$())u(aa( #u#u* &a#a, +a&'i &$()a'ur"a( +a#u &a#a u(#u" &$&i(i&a"a( *$()iha#a( )a(da ya() &$())a())u. 1
17
La(u#a(@
%ri+&a Fr$+($ *ri+&a i(i da*a# &$$"a# "$ "a8a&a#a. M$+"i *ri+&a i(i ha(ya 8!8!" u(#u" d$:ia+i +#a'i ya() ada di +$&ua arah gaze, *ri+&a i(i &$()a'ur"a( )a&'ar dari &a#a i#u da( '$r9u()+i daa& 'a(ya" ha +$*$r#i $(+a !"u+i9. 1
%$()!'a#a( &ia+#$(ia )ra:i+ &$+#i(!( a#au a)$( a(#i"!i($r)i" "$ra a&a, +$r#a "!r#i"!+#$r!id.1
1
%$&'$daha( +#ra'i+&u+ "ada()?"ada() di*$ru"a(.
%$&'$daha( #ra(+*!+i+i <*$&'$daha( u&&$+h$i&=
%arai+i+ !#!# !'i"+ +u*$ri!r ;(a**
D$()a( "$$&aha( *$r&a($( !#!# !'i"+ +u*$ri!r, &u()"i( da*a# dia"u"a( *$$&aha( !#!# y!"$ &a#a ya() ai(
;$&!d$($r:a+i M$&'a(#u &$(8$)ah "!(#ra"#ur di &a#a d$()a( *ar$+i+ !#!# $"+#ra!"u$r, "hu+u+(ya +aa# "$&'ai(ya 9u()+i dihara*"a(.
1>
 
%ada 'ayi da( 'ai#a, di*!*ia da*a# &$(y$'a'"a( +u*r$+i a#au a&'i!*ia
20 $omplikasi
 
%$(y$'a' di*!*ia '$r:aria+i dari ya() ri()a( hi())a "!(di+i ya() &$&ii"i "!(+$"u$(+i "$+$ha#a( ya() '$+ar. 1
S$'a)ai *a#!"a(, *a+i$( d$()a( &u#i*$"+ &!(!($uri#i+ dia'$#i" ya() +$&'uh +*!(#a( daa& &i())u.
%$(y$'a' !*#i"a <&i+a di+!"a+i $(+a, "$ai(a( "!r($a= da*a# di*$r'ai"i.
Fra"#ur blow out  &$&ii"i *r!)(!+i+ '$r'$da #$r)a(#u() u&ah ari()a( ya() ru+a"
%u+a# <($ur!!)i"= &$(y$'a'"a( di*!*ia da*a# &$&ii"i "!(+$"u$(+i ya() +$riu+ da( daa& ha #u&!r *ri&$r a#au +$"u(d$r, *r!)(!+i+(ya $$".
21 Prognosis