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BY: KRIZZEL DELOS TRINOS

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DEFINITION:

Kidney canceris adisease in whichthe cells incertain tissues ofthe kidney startto growuncontrollably andform tumors.Renal cellcarcinoma, which

occurs in the cellslining the kidneys(epithelial cells),is the mostcommon type of

kidney cancer.

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cancerhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cancer

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BLOOD IN THE URINEALUMP IN THE ABDOMEN

WEIGHT LOSS FOR NO REASONAPAIN IN THE ABDOMEN THATDOESNT GO AWAY

LOSS OF APPETITE

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=381http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=381

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Physical exam: The doctor checks generalsigns of health and tests for fever andhigh blood pressure. The doctor also feelsthe abdomen and side for tumors.

Urine tests: Urine is checked for blood andother signs of disease.

Blood tests: The lab checks the blood tosee how well the kidneys are working. Thelab may check the level of severalsubstances, such as creatinine. A high levelof creatinine may mean the kidneys are notdoing their job.

Intravenous pyelogram(IVP): The doctorinjects dye into a vein in the arm. The dye

travels through the body and collects in thekidneys. The dye makes them show up onx-rays. A series of x-rays then tracks thedye as it moves through the kidneys to theureters and bladder. The x-rays can showa kidney tumor or other problems.

CT scan(CAT scan): An x-ray machinelinked to a computer takes a series ofdetailed pictures of the kidneys. Thepatient may receive an injection of dyeso the kidneys show up clearly in thepictures. A CT scan can show a kidneytumor.

Ultrasoundtest: The ultrasound deviceuses sound waves that people cannothear. The waves bounce off thekidneys, and a computer uses theechoes to create a picture called asonogram. A solid tumor or cyst showsup on a sonogram.

Biopsy:In some cases, the doctor maydo a biopsy. A biopsy is the removal oftissue to look for cancer cells. The

doctor inserts a thin needle throughthe skin into the kidney to remove asmall amount of tissue. The doctormay use ultrasound or x-rays to guidethe needle. A pathologist uses amicroscope to look for cancer cells inthe tissue.

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4022http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=315http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=510http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=510http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=510http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=315http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4022http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4022

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Quit smoking A healthy diet

Exercise and physical activity Maintaining a normal bloodpressure

Chemical exposure Misusing certain pain medicines(including over-the-counter drugs)

for a long time.

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Radical nephrectomy:Kidney cancer is usually

treated with radical nephrectomy. The surgeonremoves the entire kidney along with the adrenalgland and some tissue around the kidney. Some

lymph nodes in the area also may be removed. Simple nephrectomy:The surgeon removes only thekidney. Some people with Stage I kidney cancermay have a simple nephrectomy.

Partial nephrectomy: The surgeon removes only thepart of the kidney that contains the tumor. Thistype of surgery may be used when the person hasonly one kidney, or when the cancer affects bothkidneys. Also, a person with a small kidney tumor(less than 4 centimeters) may have this type ofsurgery.

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Six new medicines have been developed for the treatmentof kidney cancer. These are:

sunitinib

sorafenib bevacizumab temsirolimus everolimus Pazopanib

These medicines are sometimes referred to as targetedtherapies because they are designed to target andinterrupt the functions that are needed by cancer togrow and spread. For example, they can block theeffects of certain proteins that cancerous cells needto grow and reproduce.

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Individuals recovering from kidney cancer will benefit from several typesof rehabilitation. Supportive rehabilitation allows individuals to gain somecontrol over activities of daily life and helps them cope emotionally.Supportive rehabilitation may include group vocational rehabilitation to helpthe individual transition back into the workplace or return to school and/or

retraining if the individual cannot physically return to his or her previousjob responsibilities. Palliative rehabilitation addresses the pain an individualmay experience, increases physical comfort, and provides emotional supportand assistance in day-to-day functioning in those whose cancer isadvanced.

Physical therapyallows individuals to regain strength and stamina that werelost due to the disease process and during treatment. The frequency andduration of the rehabilitation program will vary among individuals withkidney cancer. The intensity and progression of the exercises introduceddepends on the prognosis, on whether surgery was performed, whether theindividual is receiving any current cancer treatment, the extent of the

disease (stage at diagnosis), and on the individual's overall health.

http://www.mdguidelines.com/physical-therapyhttp://www.mdguidelines.com/physical-therapy