D101 牙放共筆 W8
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Transcript of D101 牙放共筆 W8
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101 W81
Theory
a. (1) (2) (3) TCKJ : pano 6mm (4) (5)
(6)
1. () 2. 3. TMJ 4.
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tomography(100 )
BroadBeamLinerTomography
(1) tube head x (2) focal trough (3)
(4)
SlitorNarrowBeamLinerTomography
(1) (2) Broad-beam
1. X ray 2. 3. tube head 4. cassette carrier tube head 5. cassette carrier film tube head
(3)
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(1)
(2) tube headcassette carrier film
(3) tube head
NarrowBeamRotationalTomography
(1) Tube head cassette carrier
(2) cassette carrier tube head (3) cassette carrier film tube head (4) (5) focal trough
Dental panoramic tomography
1. tube head 2. cassette carrier tube head 3. () tube
head
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Dental panoramic tomography
a. narrow-beam rotational tomography(horseshoe-shaped)
b. focal trough c. Focal trough focal corridor 3D
Rotational Center a.
b.
(1) X-ray tube cassette carrier (2) cassette carrier tube head cassette carrier film
tube head (3)
(4)
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c.
(1) (2)
(3) 1. 2. 3.
(4) pano ( 90 )
Focal Trough/ Image Layer /
a. image layer
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ABC 1 ABC 2
CBA B image layer B
b. image layer
c. image layer d. Image layer 3D
e. Image layer 3D
(1) Front-to-back (anterior-posterior) (2) Side-to-side (buccolingual) (3) Up-and-down (vertical)
f. Image layer
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g. pano image layer image layer
Pano X 27%-45%
Equipment
a. x-ray tube head 8 b. control panel c. patient-positioning apparatus
d. image receptor
1. X
2.75 inch(2 3*4cm)
2. Pano collimator
x-ray tube
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Pano X- Ray Tube
a. pano X-ray 8() X-ray tube
b. (1)
(2) (3)
ReferenceLine
(1) Frankfort plane (2) Tragal-canthus plane (3) Ala-tragus plane (4) Midsagittal plane
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midline HeadPositionera. light beam marker
3 (1) Midline (2) (3)
b. c. chin support bite-peg chin support
edge-to-edge bite-peg bite-peg bite-peg bite-pegbite block
d. temple support e. 15-18 f. chin support bite block
Bite-peg
chin support
edge-to-edgebite-pegbite-peg
chin support
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[] 1. Panoramic radiography 6
2.
pano
~~ Object magnification (M) = FFD / FOD
=~~
Panoramic Film
a. (1) TMJ (2) pano 4 F-speed periapical
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film (3)
(4) (5) (6) pano (7) pano 3-4
b.
(1) Pano
Pano
(2) Ghost image (3) premolar pano
(4) SuperimpositionPano
(5)
A (6) x 15~20 pano
Pano Image
1. real ghost image 2. double image( real image) 3.
Single Images
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a. Real image b. c. image layer
image layer Real image
Double Image
a. b. real image ghost image c. d. e. diamond-shaped zone spine
(1) real image (2) double image (3) double image real image
real image
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1. cone first image
A B( 1) 2. A B B A ( 2) 3.
f.
(1) hard palate hyoid bone (2) cervical spine (3) epiglottis
double image
Ghost Image
a. b. (opposite side) c. X d. real image (blurred) e. (magnified) [] 1. x
(central portion)
2. x (contralateral side)ramus
ghost image
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101 W814
Real Image VS .Ghost Image
Real image Ghost image
1. 2.
1.
2. tube
1. real image () 2. ghost image x tube ( x
tube)
ghost image image layer
pano() ghost image
ghost image
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ghost image
Panoramic technique errors
a. 1. 2.
(1) () ()
(2) X
b. /x (1) (2) (3)
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1. edge to
edge 2.
image layer
1.
2. image layer image layer
image layer
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1. image layer
2. TMJ TMJ
Q A image layer Pano image layer image layer
Head Turn
1.
2. a > b
() ()
() ()
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(twisting)
1. 2.
(tilting)
(Headtippeddown)
1. image layerPano
2. condyleV
V TMJ
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(Headtippedup)
1. image layer palate
2. condyle condyle
1. palate
condyle
2. TMJ occlusal plane
palate
pano Frankfort plane
GHOST IMAGE
1. ghost image real image
1. Ghost image real
image X
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2. real image pano
3. pano
ghost image
2. pano
pano
Pano V radiopaque
() lead apron shadow
x
fashion ghost image
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[] 1.
x 2.
3.
4. !
1.
pano 2.
(1) FH (2) pano apex palate
3. X Kvp X
Kvp
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1. pano air space
2.
3. Air space 4.
air space 5.
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pano X
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1.
2.
a. pano
b. C3~C4 radiopaque
c. 56
C3 C4
?
Digital Image
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1. (Analog Medium) 2. 3. X (latent image)
4.
a. X X
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a. b. c. d. e.
X
Direct Sensor Systems :Digital Radiography, DR -Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Indirect Sensor systems : Computed Radiography, CR - Phosphor Stimulable Plate System (PSP) - Imaging Plate System (IPS) - Storage Phosphor System (SPS)
DirectSensorsystems: Digital Radiography, DR a. Charge Coupled Devices (CCD)
(1) 1987 (2) CCD X
Analogue to Digital Conversion (3) CCD endo
peri PSP b. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
Direct Sensor Systems CCD Sensor CCD
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Indicator
() Cepha 1. Cepha
2. Cepha
()PSP CCD
c.
CCD CMOS (pixel) X (pixel)
IndirectSensorsystems: Computed Radiography, CR 1. Phosphor Stimulable Plate System (PSP) 2. Imaging Plate System (IPS)
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3. Storage Phosphor System (SPS)
Phosphor Stimulable Plate System (PSP) a. (Photostimulable Phosphor Plates)
(Phosphorplates)() photomultipliertube/(Analogue/Digital ConverterA/D Converter ) Psp
b. (PSP Sensor Plates)
1. 0~42. F
D 60%
1. X-ray Tube()
2. a X (dot)
a
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101 W829
X-ray Tube () 2 PSP 1 PSP
1. PSP 2. PSP CCD
3. PSP
c.
10 1. 4.3
2. PSP 0~4
CCD 0~3
CCD
PSP double exposure
Characteristics of Digital Sensor
Contrast Resolution
a. b. (detector) X
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8 16 (bit) 256 65536 (28~216) c. 8 (256 ) d. 60 30
pixel 8 28 256 0 255 0 255 256
Spatial Resolution
a. (Function of the pixel size)
b. Pixel() pixel sizepixel size
c. (Line pair) line pair 20 lp/mmCCD 25 lp/mm CCD PSP 7 lp/mm 6 lp/mm lp / mm mm line pairs per mm
d. X (Resolution) pixel size lp/mm(line pairs per mm) micron() 1lp/mm=1000/pixel size*2
e. pixel size 20 microns lp/mm(Resolution )? Resolution(lp/mm)=1000/20*2=1000/40=25 lp/mm 6 lp/mm
Detector Latitude
a. X
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b. gingiva enamel c. PSP>>CCD=CMOS(film)
film overdose underdose PSP e.g. 0.32 sec 0.12 sec
d. low contrasthigh latitude (1) Low contrast high contrast
(2) peri PSP CCD
Exposure Latitude
PSP
1. exposure PSP()() OD PSP PSP OD
PSP 0.2 0.5
2.5 PSP 0.2
2. PSP overdose
underdose
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PSP X-ray () 0.25sec 0.32sec PSP ()
Detector Sensitivity
a. b.
c. pixel size d. F speed PSP 50
PSP (0.20~0.25 ) e. CCD/CMOS PSP ( 0.08 cervical
burnout ) ABCDEF ABC D EF
Interoperability
a. b. DICOM
( Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine)
DICOM?
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DICOM
Mistakes of Images
PSP Scratched Phosphor Plate 1. PSP
file GP 2. ENT
PSP Image Artifacts
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Nonuniform Image Density
shadow
Noisy Image
Edges Damaged
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Bending
PSP
Double Exposure
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PSP Damaged Image Receptor
Endo
Improper Use of Image Processing
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1. Pano Amalgam
2.
PSP
Barrier Envelope
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Infection Control
Comparisons
1. ()
2. Sensor
3. X
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CCD,CMOS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3) ()
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PSP
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) ( overdose underdose)
(5) indicator
(1)
(2) (laser scan)
(3)
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1. (panoramic radiography) (midsaggital plane)
X ?
(A)
(B)
(C)(radiopacity)
(D)
103-1102-1
(D) D101 W8 P17
2. (focal trough)?
(A)(image layer)
(B)
(C) X
(D) 3D
103-2102-2
: (B) : D101 W8 P.5~6 (B)
3. ?
(A)
(B)V
(C)
(D)
103-3102-3
(A) D101 W8 P.19 image layer
palate condyle condyle
(B)
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4. ?
(A)X (vertical narrow slit)
(B)
(C)
(D)
103-4102-4
(C) D101 W8 P.1 (C)
5. ?
(A)(bite stick)
(B)
(C)
(D)(ghost image)
103-5102-5
(B) D101 W8 P.20
6.
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
103-6102-6
(C) D101 W8 P.21~22
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7. (real image)?
(A) X
(B)(ghost image)
(C)(ghost image)
(D)
103-7102-7
(D) D101 W8 P.14
Real image Ghost image
3.
4.
3.
4. tube
8. (digital image receptors) exposure latitude resolution
?
(A) Exposure latitude PSPresolution CCD
(B) Film
(C)Exposure latitude CCD resolution PSP
(D)PSP
103-8102-8
(A) D101 W8 P.38
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9.
:
(A) (B) X (C) (D) X
103-9102-9
(B) D101 W8 P.16
10. ?
(A) (B)(alveolar ridge)
(C) (D)
103-10102-10
(C) D101 W8 P.1 (7) x bony lesions
(8) (9) >6mm (10) (11)
(12)
5. () 6. 7. TMJ 8.
11. (ghost image)?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
103-11102-11
(D) D101 W8 P.13
f. g. (opposite side) h. X
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i. real image (blurred) j. (magnified)
12. X
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
103-12102-12
(B) D101 W8 P.16~17 TMJ
TMJ
13.
:
(A) X (B) X
(C) (D) (D)
101-5101-42
(B) D101 W8 p.16~17
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14. ?
(A) Digital subtraction
(B)
(C) sensor
(D)
101-6
(C) D101 W8 p.38
15. (panoramic radiography)(ghost image)?
(A) X
(B)
(C)
(D) X
101-7101-45
(A) D101 W8 p.13 (B) (C) (D) X
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16. X (panoramic film):
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
101-8101-43
(B) D101 W8 p.16 Image Layer
17. (focal trough)?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
101-11101-44
(A) D101 W8 p.5~6 Focal trough
18. (panoramic radiography)(real image)?
(A) X
(B)
(C)
(D)()
101-46
(C) D101 W8 p.14
Real image Ghost image
1.
2.
1.
2. tube