c+za08fsf] !* g+= df plNnlvt lg0f{o g+= **^(/cite>lg0f{o

$: c+za08fsf] !* g+= df plNnlvt lg0f{o g+= **^(/cite>lg0f{o$
11731173117311731173

lg0f{o g+= **^(lg0f{o g+= **^(lg0f{o g+= **^(lg0f{o g+= **^(lg0f{o g+= **^(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLdfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofo

d'2f g+= )^*–DF–)))%km};nf ldltM @)^(.$.!!.%

d'2f M– c+z rng .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM sf7df8f}F + lhNnf, ;fËnfuf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( 3/ eO{ xfnsf7df8f}F+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @(,;fdfv'zL j:g] lr/fudfg l;Fx s'Fj/

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}F

dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @( 3/ eO{xfn P]=P]= j8f g+= !^, afnfh' j:g] 1fg's'Fj/

z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L /fds[i0f vgfn

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L xl/j+z lqkf7Ldf=Gof=>L dL/f v8\sf

;+o'Qm Ohnf;df /fojfemL M–df=Gof=>L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxdf=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

§ js;kqsf] lnvtdf bftfn] pNn]v u/]sf]Joxf]/fnfO{ cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd:jfefljs xf] eGg] s'/f cbfntn] cg'dfgug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

§ c+za08fsf] !* g+= df plNnlvtæs;}af6Æ eGg] zAbn] glhssf] xsbf/,Oi6ldq jf dfOtL dfjnLkl§sfJolQmnfO{ dfq ;Lldt gu/L plNnlvtJolQm jfx]s hf];'s} JolQmnfO{ klg hgfpg]b]lvG5 . o;/L c+za08fsf] !* g+= dfplNnlvt æs;}af6Æ eGg] zAbn] hf]sf]xL ;d]t ;Demg ldNg] x'Fbf pQm !*g+= df ePsf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+s'lrt JofVofug'{ Gofof]lrt\ gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ lnvtsf] Joxf]/faf6} lnvtadf]lhd kfpg]

JolQmn] lghL tj/af6 k|fKt u/]sf] eGg]b]lvg cfPsf] cj:yfdf cGoyf k|dfl0ftgeP;Dd ;f] Joxf]/fnfO{ c;To dfgLy}nL xfn]/ g} v/Lb u/]sf] egL cg'dfgug'{ sfg"g;+ut Pj+ Gofof]lrt\ gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

k'g/fj]bssf tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfx¿hogf/fo0f kf}8]n, ;/Ltf zdf{, /fh]Zj/clwsf/L / jf]0f{axfb'/ sfsL{

ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf ljZjk|sfzl;Ub]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ k|df0f P]g @)#! sf] bkmf @*§ d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] !* g+=§ :qL c+zwgsf] dxnsf] % g+=

km};nfk|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM o; cbfntsf]

;+o'Qm Ohnf;jf6 ldlt @)^*.#.@( df/fojfemL km };nf eO { ;jf ] { Rr cbfntlgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod #-!_ adf]lhdk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYoPj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M–

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g]kfn sfg"g klqsf @)^(, d+l;/g]kfn sfg"g klqsf @)^(, d+l;/g]kfn sfg"g klqsf @)^(, d+l;/g]kfn sfg"g klqsf @)^(, d+l;/g]kfn sfg"g klqsf @)^(, d+l;/

1fg' s'Fj/;Fu cfh eGbf @%, @^ jif{cufl8 ljjfx eO{ xfdLaf6 ! 5f]/f cg'/fus ' Fj/sf ] hGd e } lghnfO { cWoogsf ]l;nl;nfdf ljb]z l;Fufk'/ k7fPsf], o;/L3/ Jojxf/ u/L cfPsf]df ljkIfL >LdtLsfgfpFdf 3/ hUuf ePsf]df d;Fu l/;fO{ 3/5f]8L dfO{tLdf uPsfn] cfˆgf] c+z ;d]tx/0f x'g uPsfn] of] c+z d'2f ug{ afWo e}k|:t't gfn]; ug{ cfPsf] 5' . ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQnfO{# efu nufO{ # efusf] ! efu c+zkfpFm eGg]ldlt @)^#.%.@* sf] rL/fudfg s'Fj/sf] lkm/fbbfjL .

d]/f] gfpFdf /x]sf] ls=g+= #%^ / #%& sf]3/ hUuf d]/f] Psnf}6L xs ef]usf] xf] . ;f]hUufx¿ d}n] s;}af6 as; kfPsfn] c?sf]c+z xs gnfUg] ;DklQ ePsfn] xfd|f] 5f]/fcg'/fu s'Fj/nfO{ z]ifkl5 as;kq u/L lbPsf]5' c+z lbg kg]{ xf]Og eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] 1fg's'Fj/sf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

o;df jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr gftfdf ljjfbgb]lvPsf] / Ps cfk;df c+zafkt rn crn;DklQ lnP lbPsf] gb]lvFbf c+z xs 5'§ofO{lng kfpg] g} b]lvof] . s] s'g ;DklQaf6 c+zkfpg] xf] egL x]bf{ ls=g+= #%^ xfn ls=g+= *&sf] )–$–) hUuf / To;df ag]sf] 3/ / ls=g+=#%& xfn ls=g+= *^ sf] )–$–) hUufk|ltjfbLn] lghL cfh{g eg]sf]df xfn ls=g+=*& sf ] hUuf Zofd 8+uf ]naf6 xfn}sf ]as;kqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] / k|ltjfbL hfuL/]b]lvFbf tna ;d]tsf] /sd vr{ u/L 3/ lgdf{0fu/]sf] jfbLn] 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ olt vr{ u/]sf]eGg g;s]sf]n] ;f] 3/ hUuf afx]ssf tfobftLdfplNnlvt ;DklQaf6 5f]/f cg'/fu s'Fj/sf]ljafx vr{ k/;f/L # efusf] ! efu jfbLn]k|ltjfbLaf6 c+z 5'§ofO{ lng kfO{ rng ;d]tkfpg] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t sf7df8f} F lhNnfcbfntsf] @)^$.(.!@ sf] km};nf .

dnfO{ cf+lzs x/fO{ u/]sf] z'?sf]km};nfdf lrQ a'em]g . >Ldfg >LdtL hf] ;'s}sf]gfpFdf h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;DklQeP klg a08f x'g'kg]{ d'n'sL P]g c+zj08fsf] !g+= nufot ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf] cfwf/df z'?n] a08fgx'g] 7x/fPsf] ;fljs ls=g+= #%^ xfn ls=g+=*& sf] hUuf / ;f] df ag]sf] 3/ ;d]t a08fnfUg] u/L GofokfpFm eGg] ;d]t jfbL rL/fudfgl;+x s'Fj/sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

d'2f ug'{ cufj} d]/f] gfdsf] >L ;DklQ5f]/fn] kfpg] u/L as;kq u/L lbPsL 5' . d]/fgfdsf] 3/hUuf c+za08fsf] !* g+= n] a08f ug{s/ nfUg] xf]Og / d]/f] :jcfh{gsf] hUuf a08fnfUg] u/L ePsf] z'? km};nf ab/ u/L k|ltpQ// tfobftLdf n]lvP adf]lhd u/L OG;fkm kfpFmeGg] ;d]t k|ltjfbL 1fg' s'Fj/sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

o;df k|:t't d'2fdf jfbL k|ltjfbL b'a}kIfsf] bf]xf]/f] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] b]lvbf Ps csf{sf]k'g/fj]bg kq b'a} kIfnfO{ k/:k/df hfgsf/Lu/fpg' eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] @)^%.&.% sf]cfb]z .

o;df Zofd 8+uf]naf6 1fg' s'Fj/n]/=g+= @#%% af6 ldlt @)^$.#.!! df kf/Ltu/fO{ lnPsf] as;kq / z'? cbfntsf] ldlt@)^$.%.( sf] cfb]zfg';f/ ls=g+= #%^ sf] af/]v'nfO{ k|ltjfbLn] ul/lbPsf] sfuh ;d]tsf]cfwf/ k|df0faf6 pQm ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUuf1fg' s'Fj/sf] lghL cfh{gsf] a08f ug{ s/gnfUg] k|s[ltsf] hUuf b]lvg cfpF5 . pQmhUufdf ag]sf] 3/ 1fg' s'Fj/n] sd{rf/L;~rosf]ifaf6 lnPsf] ;fk6L C0f ;d]tsf]/sdaf6 lgdf{0f u/]sf] eGg] lnvt k|df0f k]zu/]sf] b]lvg'sf ;fy} pQm 3/ lgdf{0fsf] nfluk'g/fj]bs jfbL ;d]tn] s'g} /sd nufPsf]eGg] s'g} 7f]; k|df0f k]z ePsf] gb]lvFbf pk/f]Qm

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**^( - lr/fudfg l;Fx s'Fj/ lj=1fg' s'Fj/

3/ ;d]t 1fg' s'Fj/sf] lghL cfh{gaf6 ag]sf]a08f ug{ s/ gnfUg] ;DklQsf] ?kdf /x]sf]b]lvPsf]n] ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUuf / ;f]df ag]sf]3/ ;d]tdf c+z 5'6\ofO kfpFm eGg] k'g/fj]bglhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

csf]{tkm{ ls=g+= #%& sf] )–$–) hUuf/=g+= $&!^ af6 /fhLgfdf kf/Lt u/L pQmhUuf v/Lb u/]sf] b]lvFbf Psf;uf]ndf /x]sf]cj:yfdf h'g;'s} c+lzof/n] v/Lb u/L lnPsf];DklQ ;Fuf]nsf] cfh{gaf6} v/Lb ul/Psf] xf]egL ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf To:tf] hUufdf;uf]nsf ;a} c+lzof/x¿sf] c+zxs nfUg] g}b]lvg] x'Fbf pQm hUuf a08f ug{ ldNg] xf]Og eGgldn]g . sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] cf+lzs c+zdfbfjL k'Ug] 7x¥ofO{ ldlt @)^$.(.!@ df u/]sf]km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'G5 eGg] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^^.!.@@.# sf] km};nf .

ljkIf L 1fg ' s ' Fj/n ] sd {rf/L;~rosf]ifaf6 ldlt @)^#.*.# df () k|ltzt;fk6LcGtu{tsf ] ¿=@,)@,()). / ldlt@)%(.^.@# ut] 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf nflu egL;]e]g;Lh art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=af6 lnPsf] ¿= %),))).– C0f of] o:tf] sfddfk|of]u ePsf] 5 egL k|ltpQ/ kqdf v'nfPsf]5}g . o:tf] ljifodf km};nfdf af]lng'kg]{df ;f]ePsf] 5}g . >Ldfg >LdtL hf] ;'s}sf] gfpFdfh'g;'s} lsl;daf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;DklQ klga08f ul/g'5{ eGg] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] /c+za08fsf] ! g++ sf] sfg"gL ds;b klg oxL xf]eg] as;sf] lnvts} cfwf/df dfq a08f ug{gldNg] egL JofVof ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . as; k|fKtu/]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f df=kf]=sf= df kf; ePsf]lnvtn] dfq k|i6 x'Fb}g . Zofd 8+uf]nnfO{ 1fg's'Fj/n] l/emfpg'kg]{ sf/0f ;d]t 5}g . d}n] # jif{hlt hfkfgdf dhb'/L u/L sdfPsf] ¿k}ofF ;d]t3/ agfpg] sfo{df vr{ ePsf] tYonfO{ k|ltjfbLn]OGsf/ u/]sf] 5}g . k|ltjfbLn] ;~rosf]ifaf6

lnPsf] C0f ¿= @^,))).– n] # tn] 3/ tof/x'g ;Qm}g . 1fg' s'Fj/sf] gfpFdf /x]sf] 3/hUufa08f gnfUg] km};nfn] c+lzof/ 5f]/f cg'/fus'Fj/nfO{ ;d]t c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

ctM k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdfc+za08fsf] !), !*,g+= k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf #, bkmf ^ -s_ bkmf %$ ;d]tsf] uDeL/q'l6 x'gsf ;fy} g]sfk @)^$, cÍ –@, lg=g+=&*!$ k[i7 !$), g]sfk @)%$, cÍ !!, lg=g+=^$^(, k[i7 ̂ $* df k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf]ljk/Lt x'Fbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!@ -!_ -s_, -v_ adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFmeGg] jfbLsf] tkm{af6 k/]sf] lgj]bg .

o;df 1fg' s'Fj/ / jfbL nf]Ug]:jf:gLePsf / klt kTgLn] g} sdfO{ u/L 3/ agfO{3/hd u/L a;L 5f]/f g} aflnu eO{ ljb]zdfcWoog/t cj:yfdf nf]Ug] :jf:gLdf k/]sf]cgagaf6 kg{ cfPsf] ;DklQ ljjfbdf kTgLn]3/ agL ;s]kl5 lnPsf] C0fsf] cfwf/df 3/kTgLn] dfq rngdf Nofpg] / :jfldTj ;d]tsfod x'g] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]km};nfdf c+za08fsf] !, @, !* Pjd\ c=a+=!*$s g+= ;d]tsf] JofVofTds q'l6 /x]sf] b]lvFbfGofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_ -s_cg';f/ d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf]5 eGg ] o; cbfntaf6 ePsf ] ldlt@)^^.!@.@%.$ sf] cfb]z .

o;df lkm/fb kq / k|ltpQ/ kqaf6jfbL k|ltjfbLsf 5f]/f cg'/fu s'Fj/ c+lzof/b]lvPsf] / lkm/fb kqdf lghnfO{ k|ltjfbL sfodu/]sf] gb]lvFbf lghnfO{ c=j+= !#( g+= adf]lhdlemsfO{ aofg u/fO{ lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.(.@*.$ sf] cfb]z .

jfbL rL/fudfg l;+x s'Fj/ d]/f] lktf,k|ToyL{ 1fg' s'Fj/ cfdf x'g'x'G5 . lktf /cfdf;Fu Psf3/ ;uf]ndf 5' . d jfbL, /cfdf u/L hDdf # c+lzof/ 5f}+, xfdLaLr c+za8f

11761176117611761176


ePsf] 5}g . c+za8f x'g] ;DklQ d]/f gfpFdf5}g . cfdfsf gfpFdf 3/ 38]/L btf{ 5 . d]/f]cfdf /fhZj ljefudf gf]s/L ug]{ x'Fbf cfdfn]cfˆgf] ;~rosf]ifaf6 / cfˆg} lghL cfh{gtna ;d]taf6 38]/L cfˆgf gfpFdf v/Lb u/L3/ agfpg' ePsf] xf] . ;f] 3/ 38]/L hUufcfdfsf] lghL cfh{gsf] xf] . ;f] 3/ 38]/LhUufdf d, d]/f] lktfn] c+z kfpg] xf]Og .afa'sf gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf hUuf afa'n] s]lxlaqmL ul/;s]sf s]xL a'afs} gfpFdf btf{ sfod5g\ . afa'n] laqmL u/]sf hUuf d / cfdfnfO{yfxf hfgsf/L glbO cfˆg} lghL k|of]hgsfnflu laqmL ug'{ePsf] xf] . tL laqmL u/]sfhUuf hdLgaf6 d / cfdfnfO{ sfg"g;Ddtkfpg'kg]{ efu lbg'ePsf] 5}g . afa'n] laqmLug'{ ePsf] hUufaf6 klg d}n] d]/f] efu kfpg'k5{/ afFsL /x]sf a'afsf gfpFsf] hUuf ;d]taf6d}n] # efusf] ! efu c+z kfpg'kg]{ xf] . To;f]x'Fbf lktfsf gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf hUuf hdLg;d]taf6 # efusf] ! efu ;DklQ d}n] c+zkfpg'k5{ lkm/fb, k|ltpQ/ Joxf]/f ;'gfpFbf ;'g] .k|ltpQ/ Joxf]/f ;xL ;Totfdf cfwfl/t 5 .lktfsf] lkm/fbsf] Joxf]/f c+lzof/ afx]ssf] Joxf]/fem"7f xf] eGg] c=j+= !#( g+= adf]lhd a'lemPsfcg'/fu s'Fj/sf] o; cbfntdf ePsf] ldlt@)^&.!).!&.@ sf] aofg .

o;df k|ltjfbL 1fg' s'Fj/n] js;kqjf6kfPsf] ;fljs ls=g+= #%^ sf] xfn ls=g+=*& sf]3/ hUufdf rL/fudfg l;+xsf] ;d]t c+z nfUg]x'gfn] ;f] ;DklQdf c+z gnfUg] 7x¥ofPsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd q'l6k"0f{b]lvFbf s]xL pN6L e} ;f] hUuf / ;f] df jg]sf]3/df ;d]t jfbLn] # v08sf] ! v08 c+z kfpg]7x5{ eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz /fds'df/ k|;fbzfxsf] /fo .

dfggLo GofofwLz /fds'df/ k|;fbzfxn] ljjflbt ls=g+= *& df ag]sf] 3/

k'g/fj]bs / k|ToyL{sf aLr j08f x'g] egLJoQm /fo;Dddf d]/f] ;xdtL /x]sf] ePtfklgls=g+= *& sf] hUuf klg jfbL k|ltjfbL aLrj08f x'g] eGg] /fodf d]/f] ;xdtL ge} k[ys/fo /x]sf] eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{sf] /fo .

lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdfr9L k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bssftkm {a f6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿hogf/fo0f kf}8]n, ;l/tf zdf{, /fh]Zj/clwsf/L / jf]0f{axfb'/ sfsL{n] k'g/fj]bs jfbLtyf k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL klt kTgL ePsf]df ljjfb5}g . ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUufdf k|ltjfbLn] dfqC0f lnP/ 3/ agfPsf] eGg] lhsL/ tYodfcfwfl/t 5}g . jfbL # jif{ /f]huf/Lsf nfluhfkfgdf uO{ sdfP/ k|ltjfbLnfO{ k7fPsf]¿k}ofF ;d]tjf6 ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUuf v/Lbu/L 3/ agfPsf] x'Fbf ;f] 3/ hUufdf b'a}kIfsf] nufgL k/]sf] 5 . o; l:yltdf bfjLsf]hUuf a08f gnfUg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbtl;4fGt Pj+ c+zj08fsf] !, @, !) / !* Pj+k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf ^-s_ ljk/Lt x'Fbf;f] xb ;Dd pQm km};nf ab/ u/L ls=g+=#%^ sf] 3/hUuf ;d]t j08f nfUg] 7x¥ofPsf]dfggLo GofofwLz /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxsf]/fo ;b/ x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfLsf]tkm {af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >LljZjk|sfz l;Ub]nn] k|ltjfbL 1fg' s'Fj/nfO{Zofd 8+uf]naf6 xfn}b]lvsf] as;kqaf6 k|fKtePsf] ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUuf :qL c+zwgsf];DklQ ePsf]n] cfkm"v'zL ug{ kfpg] x'FbfcGo c+lzof/nfO{ a08f ug{ s/ nfUb}g . To:t},k|ltjfbLn] sd{rf/L ;~rosf]ifaf6 k6s k6sC0f lnO{ 3/ agfPsf] b]lvPsf] t/ ;f] 3/agfpFbf jfbLn] s] slt /sd nufgL u/]sf]eGg] tYoo'Qm k|df0f k]z x'g ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g .

11771177117711771177

**^( - lr/fudfg l;Fx s'Fj/ lj=1fg' s'Fj/

hfkfgaf6 of] olt /sd k7fPsf] egL jfbLn]b]vfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] as;kqaf6 k|fKthUufdf k|ltjfbLn] lghL tj/af6 agfPsf]3/ ;d]t a08f gnfUg] 7x/fPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf sfg"g;Ddt x'Fbf ;b/ x'g'k5{egL ax; ug'{eof] .

b'a} tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foLsf] ax; lhsL/ ;'gL k'g/fj]bgkq;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhft cWoogu/L x]bf{ o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df dfggLoGofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx / dfggLoGofofwLz >L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{dWo] s;sf] /fo;b/ x'g] xf] jf sfg"gadf]lhd s] x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg];DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ jfbLn] ljkIfL>LdtLsf gfpFdf 3/ hUuf ePsf] / lghn]d;Fu l/;fO{ 3/ 5f8L dfOtLdf uPkl5 3/cfpg] rf;f] gb]vfPsL, d]/f lj?4 ljleGg if8\oGqu/L dnfO{ c+z xsaf6 jl~rt ug]{ ePsf]n] #efusf] ! efu c+z lbnfO{ c8\8faf6} rng;d]t rnfO{ kfpFm eGg] lkm/fb bfjL /x]sf]df d]/fgfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] lsQf g+= #%& sf] hUuf ldlt@)%!.*.@^ df ?= %),))).– df /fhLgfdf kf;u/L v/Lb u/]sf] xf] . pQm hUuf v/Lb ug]{ ?k}ofFd]/f] gf]s/L / dfOtLdfjnLn] lbPsf] l6sf blIf0ffsf]/sd ;d]taf6 v/Lb u/]sf] x'F . ls=g+= #%^ sf]hUuf Zofd 8+uf]naf6 xfn}sf] as;kqaf6 k|fKtu/L d]/f] cfˆgf] b'Mv d]xgt u/L sdfPsf] /sdaf6pQm 3/ ;d]t lgdf{0f u/]sf]n] b'a} hUuf / 3/dfjfbLsf] c+z nfUg] xf]Og . pQm ls=g+= #%^ /#%& sf] b'j} hUuf d}n] xfd|f] 5f]/f cg'/fus'Fj/nfO{ z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kf; ul/lbPsf] 5'eGg] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= k|:t't d'2fdf ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUuf /;f]df ag]sf] 3/ k|ltjfbL 1fg' s'Fj/n] xfn}sf]as;kqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] lghL cfh{gsf] e} a08f

gnfUg] / ls=g+= #%& sf] hUuf ;Fuf]ndf 5Fb}/fhLgfdfaf6 v/Lb u/]sf] x'Fbf c+lzof/aLr a08fnfUg] egL z'? lhNnf cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{opk/k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6z'? km};nf ;b/ ePkZrft\ ls=g+= #%^ sf]hUuf / ;f]df ePsf] 3/ a08f gnfUg] 7x¥ofPsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdf jfbLsf] lrQga'emL d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpmF eGg] o; cbfntdflgj]bg k/L d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg ug]{cfb]z eO{ ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df k]z x'Fbf ;+o'QmOhnf;df dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf aLr /fojfemLe} ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod#-!_ adf]lhd o; k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'gcfPsf] b]lvG5 .

$= o;df bfjLsf] ;fljs ls=g+= #%^xfn ls=g+= *& sf] h=/f]= )–$–) hUuf j08fgnfUg] 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfgldn]sf] eGg] jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf]n];f] tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ljjflbt ls=g+= *& sf]hUufdf lgdf{0f ePsf] 3/sf] ;DaGwdf ljkIfLk|ltjfbLn] sd{rf/L ;~rosf]ifaf6 ldlt@)$&.!).#) df ^) k|ltzt cf+lzs e'QmfgL/sd ¿=@^,^)).– k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 .To;kl5 ;~rosf]ifaf6} ldlt @)^#.*.# df() k|ltzt ljz]if ;fk6L /sd ¿=@,)@,())lnPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ ;f] 3/ ldlt @)$&.(.!^df lgdf{0f ePsf] eGg] k|ltjfbLsf jf/]z uh/fhs]=;L= n] z'? cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.#.!)sf cfb]zfg';f/ ul/lbPsf] sfuh tyf ldl;n;+nUg sf7df8f} F F dxfgu/kflnsfsf] gS;fkmfonaf6 b]lvG5 . o;af6 ls=g+=*& sf] 3/cfˆg} tkm{af6 dfq agfPsf] eGg] ljkIfLk|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/ tYodf cfwfl/t b]lvggcfPsf ]n ] k 'g/fj ]bs jfbL / ljkIf Lk|ltjfbLaLr k|:t't d'2f kg'{ cufj} b'j} hgfsf];fd"lxs k|of;af6 ;f] 3/ agfPsf] k'li6 x'g

11781178117811781178


cfpF5 . To;}n] pQm 3/df ;dfg cj:yf /:t/sf c + lzof/ k | ltjfb Lsf k lt oLrL/fudfgsf] ;d]t c+z nfUg] x'gfn] ;f];DklQdf c+z gnfUg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd q'l6k"0f{ b]lvPsf]egL s]lx pN6L u/L ;f] 3/df ;d]t jfbLn] #v08sf] ! v08 c+z kfpg]df b'j}hgf dfggLoGofofwLzx¿sf] /fo ldn]sf]n] To;tkm{ ykljj]rgf ul//xg' k/]g .

%= ljkIfL k|ltjfbL 1fg' s' Fj/n]js;af6 k|fKt u/]sf] ;fljs ls=g+= #%^ xfnls=g+= *& sf] h=/f]= )–$–) hUuf ;d]tj08f nfUg] eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz >L/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxsf] / ;f] hUuf j08fgnfUg] eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz >L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{sf] cnu–cnu /fo /x]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdfljrf/ ubf{ bfjLsf] ;fljs ls=g+= #%^ / xfnls=g+= *& sf] h=/f]= )–$–) hUuf /=g+=@#%% ldlt @)$^.#.!! df k|ltjfbLn] Zofd8+uf]naf6 xfn}b]lvsf] as;kqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf]s'/f ldl;n ;+nUg pQm kf/Lt lnvtsf]k|ltlnkLaf6 b]lvG5 . ;f] lnvtsf] s}lkmotdxndf æd]/f x/]s sfd sfhdf ;xof]u u/Ll//emfO{ cfpg' ePafkt pQm hUuf tkfO{>LdtL 1fg' s'Fj/nfO{ xf=j= ul/lbPFÆ eGg];d]t Joxf ]/f pNn]v ul/Psf ] kfOG5 .js;kqsf] lnvtdf bftfn] pNn]v u/]sf]pQm Joxf]/fnfO{ cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd:jfefljs xf] eGg] s'/f cbfntn] cg'dfgug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cbfntaf6 cg'dfg ul/g] o:tf]s'/f s'g} kIfn] v08g u/]df jf s'g} hUufjs;kqaf6 k|fKt ePsf] egL lnvtdfpNn]v eP klg jf:tljs ?kdf ;f] hUufv/Lb u/L lnPsf] xf] egL bfjL lnPdf To:tf]bfjL k|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/ k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf @* cg';f/ To:tf] bfjL ug]{ kIfdf g}/xG5 .

^= d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] !* g+= dfædfgf] g5'l§O{ ;Fu a;]sf c+lzof/ 5g\ eg]h'g;'s} c+lzof/n] ;Fuf]nsf] ;DklQaf6 jf;Fuf]nsf] v]tL, pBf]u, Jofkf/ Joj;foaf6a9]a9fPsf] ;Fuf]nsf] cfh{g / n]gb]g Joxf]/fsf]dxnsf] * g+= adf]lhd nufPsf] C0f ;a}c+lzof/nfO{ efu nfU5 . ;f] afx]s s'g}c+lzof/n] cfˆgf] 1fg jf zLk jf k|of;af6lghL cfh{g u/]sf] jf s;}af6 lghL ta/n]bfg jf js; kfPsf] jf s;}sf] ck'tfnLk/ ]sf ] j f :qL c +zwgsf ] dxnsf ] %gDa/adf]lhd kfPsf]df To:tf] cfh{g jf kfPsf];DklQ ;f] cfh{g ug]{ jf kfpg] c+lzof/sf]lghL 7x/L cfkm"v'zL ug{ kfp5 . j08f ug{s/ nfUb}gÆ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ s;}af6 lghLtj/n] bfg jf as; kfPsf] ;DklQ To:tf]cfh{g ug]{ jf kfpg] c+lzof/sf] lghL 7x/Lcfkm"v'zL ug{ kfpg] b]lvG5 . c+za08fsf]!* g+= df plNnlvt æs;}af6Æ eGg] zAbn]g lhssf ] xsbf/ , Oi6 ldq jf dfOtLdfjnLkl§sf JolQmnfO{ dfq ;Lldt gu/LplNnlvt JolQm jfx]s hf];'s} JolQmnfO{ klghgfpg] b]lvG5 . o;/L c+za08fsf] !* g+=df plNnlvt æs;}af6Æ eGg] zAbn] hf] sf]xL;d]t ;Demg ldNg] x'Fbf pQm !* g+= dfePsf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+s'lrt JofVof ug' {Gofof]lrt\ b]lv+b}g .

&= k|ltjfbL 1fg' s'Fj/nfO{ as; lbg]Zofd 8+uf]nn] l/emafkt ls=g+= #%^ sf] hUufxfn} b]lvsf] as;kq ul/lbPsf] b]lvPsf] /jfbLn] k|df0f P]g @)#! sf] bkmf @* adf]lhd;k|df0f v08g ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvg'sf] ;fy}k|ltjfbLn] js;kqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] hUufk};f nufgL u/L lnPsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/Lj08f nfUg] cfwf/ k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] k|:t'tug{ ;s]sf] klg b]lvFb}g . o;/L lnvtsf]

11791179117911791179

**&) - k/j]h cVt/ cG;f/L lj=g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff

Joxf]/faf6} ;f] lnvtadf]lhd kfpg] JolQmn]lghL tj/af6 k|fKt u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]cj:yfdf cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd ;f]Joxf]/fnfO{ c;To dfgL y}nL xfn]/ g} v/Lbu/]sf] egL cg'dfg ug' { sfg"g;+ut Pj+Gofof]lrt\ b]lvFb}g .

*= t;y{ ljj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0faf6ljjflbt ;fljs ls=g+= #%^ xfn ls=g+= *&sf] h=/f]= )–$–) hUuf k'g/fj]bs jfbL /ljkIfL k|ltjfbLaLr j08f gx'g]] eGg] dfggLoGofofwLz 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{af6 JoQm /fodgfl;j x ' Fbf ;b/ x 'g ] 7x5 { . c?dftk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Ln

df ly OG;fkm v08df pNn ]vePadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf s]xLpN6L e} ;fljs ls=g+= #%^ xfn ls=g+= *& sf]h=/f]= )–$–) hUufdf ag]sf] 3/;Dd k'g/fj]bsjfbL / ljkIfL k|ltjfbLaLr j08f x'g]] 7x/]sf]n]c+z 5'6\ofO{ kfpFm egL b08 ;hfosf] $# g+=adf]lhd jfbLsf] b/vf:t k/] sfg"gadf]lhdnfUg] b:t"/ lnO{ tLg v08sf] Ps v08 3/j08f 5'6\ofO{ lbg' egL sf7df8f} F + lhNnfcbfntdf nut lbg" –!

bfo/Lsf ] nut s§fu/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L j'emfO{ lbg" –––––––!

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=k|sfz j:tLGof=j}Bgfy pkfWofo

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ;fpg !! ut] /f]h % z'ed\=

lg0f{o g+= **&) lg0f{o g+= **&) lg0f{o g+= **&) lg0f{o g+= **&) lg0f{o g+= **&)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf; dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx dfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§d'2f g+= )^*–DF–)))$km};nf ldltM @)^(.#.!$.%

d'2fM km};nf ab/ .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf=d=g=kf=j8fg+=@@ ;'Gwf/f a:g] k/j]h cVt/ cG;f/L

lj?4ljkIfL k|ltjfbLM n=k'=lh=,n=k'=pd=g=kf=j8f g+=

@ ;fg]kf j:g] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff ;d]t

z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ addf=Gof=>L zDe'axfb'/ v8\sf

§ cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePjf lrQ gj'em] sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6 dfu{cjnDag u/L d'2fsf kIfx¿åf/f g} ab/u/fpg ;Sg'k5{ . To;/L ab/ u/fpgg;s]df To:tf] clGtd km};nf h] h:tf]eP klg kIfx¿ nufot ;a}nfO{ sfg"g;/x nfu" x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ jfbL jfx]s cGo lgsfo jf JolQmn] xs

sfod ug{ c=a+= *^ g+=sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfn] ldNg] b]lvb}g . pQm sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ jfbLn] cfˆgf] xs;Ddsfod u/fO{ dfUg] xf] . cGo s;}sf] xs

&&&&&

11801180118011801180


sfod u/fO{ dfUg] xsb}of lghdf /x]sf]gx'g] . -k|s/0f g+=!)_

§ s]xL ckjfb jfx]s ;fdfGotof ;DklQsf]:jfldTj;DaGwL clwsf/ -Proprietary

Right_ dfq pQ/flwsf/af6 k|fKt x'g;S5 . s'g} JolQmsf] d[To' x'Fbf klg p;sfs]xL clwsf/x¿ hLljt /xG5g / o:tfhL ljt clwsf/x¿ p;sfpQ/flwsf/Lx¿df ;b{5g . t/, d[tssfs]xL clwsf/x¿ p;sf] d[To'sf] ;fy;fy};dfKt x'g] x'gfn] o:tf clwsf/x¿lghsf pQ/f lwsf/Lx¿df ;g {g;Sg] .

§ JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] 3/ ;/sf/Lvr{df dd{t u/L v;L j]Rg] ef/tLod';ndfgx¿nfO{ lghx¿ a;];Dd ef8fglng] eGg];Dd ;gb ePsf] / o:tfd';ndfgx¿sf ;Gtfg b/;GtfgnfO{;d]t of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] eGg] Joxf]/f;f] ;gbdf pNn]v ePsf] gb]lvFbf ;f]xL;gbsf cfwf/df ;f] 3/sf] ef]uflwsf/pQ/flwsf/Lsf] ?kdf k|fKt x'g'k5{ eGggldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!#_

k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfdxfb ]jk |;fb ofbj / clwjQmfyOGb|axfb'/ cfªj'xfª

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf 7f]sk|;fblzjfsf]6L, ljåfg clwjQmf jfns[i0fg]pkfg]

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ c=j+= *@ g+= tyf *^ g+=§ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!,

!(

km};nfGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM k'g/fj]bg

cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.@.@$ sf] km};nfpk/jfbLsf] tkm{af6 Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ( adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg k/L k]z x'g cfPsf]k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/5M–

ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufdf pQm hUuf btf{u/fpg] k|= g/]Gb|ljqmdsf] xh'/a'jfs} kfnfb]lvxfd|f xh'/a'jfn] v;L /fFufsf] Jofkf/ u/L a;Lcfpg' ePsf] / d ;d]tsf t];|f] k':tfsf] JolQmx¿;d]t ;f]xLadf]lhd lg/Gt/ ?kdf clxn];Dda;L cfPsf 5f}+ . ;f] s'/f @))!.!.@& sf] ;gb;d]taf6 ;dly{t 5 . To;} u/L ldlt@))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf, ldlt @))!.!.@&sf] ;gb Pj+ @)!^.(.@* sf] ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sfkm};nfaf6 ;/sf/L 3/ e} xfn axfn glt/La:g kfpg] u/L /fFuf, v;Lsf] Jofkf/ ug]{d';ndfgx¿sf] ef]uflwsf/ ePsf] 3/ @)#$;fndf zx/L gfkL x'Fbf sf7df8f}F+ dxfgu/ kflnsfj8f g+= @@ ls=g+= %@ sf] If]=km= )–^–!–@sfod ePsf] xf] . hUufwgLsf] dxndf ck;/ldofF ;d]t kfFr / hf]tfxfdf a[ifaxfb'/ zfxLeGg] pNn]v eO{ gfkgS;f ePsf]df pgLx¿sf]aofg e} # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/faf6 pgLx¿sf] gfpFhUufwgL / hf]tfxfaf6 x6fO{ hUufwgL dxndf>L % sf] ;/sf/ pNn]v u/L s}lkmotdf@))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgfcg';f/ v;L /fVg]d';ndfgx¿ a;];Dd ;f] 6x/fsf] axfn lng'kb}{g eGg] pNn]v u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf c:yfoL btf{ u/]sf], ;f]pk/ k'g/fj]bgubf{ ldlt @)#(.#.!^ df c~rn cbfntaf6,ldlt @)$).!!.!! df dWodf~rn If]qLocbfntaf6 # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] pQm lg0f{o;b/ sfod /xL clGtd eO{ /x]sf] 5 . dWodf~rnIf]qLo cbfntsf] km};nf kl5 @)$#.!.@$ df

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dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf:yfoL btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o kZrft\ lgh g/]Gb|ljqmdsf]ph"/L gk/L klxn] g} yfxf kfO;s]sf] s'/fdfxbDofb sfod u/fpg ldlt @)$^.@.!( sf]dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+n] ;'gfPsf] cfwf/dfg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffn] ldlt @)$^.%.!* df tTsfnLgafudtL c~rn cbfntdf lkm/fb u/L ldlt@)%@.&.@@ df k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 km};nfu/fpg' ePsf] /x]5 . ldlt @)^!.(.% sf lbg;fFem lgh g/]Gb|ljqmdsf dflg; x'F eGg] d}n]glrg]sf b'O{ hjfg pQm 3/ 6x/fdf cfO{ dnfO{af]nfO{ of] 3/ 6x/f g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] e};s]sf]5 . tkfO{ l5§} csf]{ Joj:yf ug'{xf];\ cGoyfxfdL k|x/L k|zf;g ;d]tsf] d2t lnO{ of] 3/6x/f vfnL u/fpF5f}} eg]sf]n] s] /x]5 egL ldlt@)^!.(.& df >L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] pQmkm};nfsf] gSsn lnO{ c=a+= *^ g+= adf]lhd of]lkm/fb ug{ cfPsf] 5' .

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gaf6 ldlt !($#;fnsf] v8\u lgzfgf / !($% ;fnsf] nfndf]x/Pj+ d]7aGbL ;d]tsf k|df0fx¿af6 ljjfbsf] ls=g+=%@ sf] hUufdf jfbLsf] xs :jfldTj /x] ePsf]b]lvg cfPsf] hUuf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfpFdfbtf{ ug]{ u/]sf] dfnkf]t sfof{no, sf7df8f}+sf]ldlt @)$#.!.@$ sf] lg0f{o / ;f]sf] cfwf/df>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf ePsf] pQm ls=g+=%@ sf] btf{ ab/ eO{ lkm/fbLsf gfpF+df btf{ x'g];d]t 7x5{ egL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6ldlt @)%@.&.@@ df km};nf ePsf] /x]5 . ldlt@))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf / ldlt @))!.!.@&sf] ;gb sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]ljk/Lt x'g]u/L ePsf] km};nf ab/efuL 5 . ldlt @)!^.(.@*sf] ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf] km};nfn] ToxfF d';ndfgsf]ef]uflwsf/sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] Uof/]G6L u/]sf] 5 .dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nf ;d]taf6pQm ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ 6x/f hUuf >L % sf]

;/sf/sf] :jfldTjsf] xf] / o1 ljqmds} kfnfb]lvcljl5Gg ?kdf pQm 3/6x/fdf v;L a]Rg]d';ndfgx¿sf] t];|f] k':tf;Ddn] lg/Gt/ ef]uu/L cfPsf]af6 ef]uflwsf/ sfod /x]sf] ;d]ts'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s d"NofÍg gu/L lghg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf gfpFdf btf{ ug]{ u/L ul/Psf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nf c=a+= *^ g+= cg';f/ ab/ u/LhUufwgLdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / v8\u lgzfgfcg';f/pQm 3/ 6x/f ef]u ug]{df v;L a]Rg] d';ndfgsf]ef]uflwsf/ sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]c=a+= !) g+= adf]lhd cg'dlt lnO{ bfo/ ePsf]lkm/fb kq .

lagf cfwf/ / sf/0f o; sfof{nonfO{;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] lkm/fb bfjLvf/]hefuL 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

ljjflbt ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf # g+=gfkL uf]Zjf/fn] tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf c:yfoL btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] Joxf]/f /k|s/0f % df k|ltjfbLdWo]sf g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffn]o; sfof{nodf k]z u/]sf] ldlt @)$).@.( sf]lgj]bg adf]lhd tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/sfgfpFdf btf{ e} d'2f rnL /x]sf] x'Fbf clGtdePkl5 sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] /dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nf kl5ljjflbt hUuf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf:yfoL btf{ ug]{ u/L o; sfof{noaf6 ePsf]ldlt @)$#.!.@$ sf] lg0f{o ;DdfgLt k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ab/ e} km};nf ePsf] / ;/sf/sf]tkm{af6 ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf] ;DaGwdfljkIfLsf] xs lxtdf c;/ kg]{ u/L lg0f{ogePsf] cj:yfdf bfo/ ePsf] ljkIfLsf] lkm/fbbfjL vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/sf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

ljkI f Ln ] pNn ]v u/ ]s f ] ld lt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf / ;f] km};nfsf cfwf/df

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ePsf] lg0f{o ab/ lnvt ab/ u/L g]kfn;/sf/sf gfpFdf sfod ul/kfpFm egL o;cl3 cAb'n ;nfd ldofF ;d]tn] d'2f u/]sf]dfb fjL gk ' Ug ] u/L sf = lh=c=af6 ldlt@)%%.#.!( df km};nf eO{ o;} cbfntaf6ldlt @)%&.#.!$ df ;b/ eO{ ;DdfgLt;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.(.% df ;b/x'g] 7x/L km};nf eO{ clGtd eO;s]sf] 5 .cJb'n ;nfd ;d]tn] lbPsf] gfn];df o;cbfntaf6 ldlt @)%&.#.!$ df km};nf eO{clGtd ePkl5 k'gM kl5 ;f]xL ljifodf clhdldofF cG;f/Ln] gfn]; u/]sf]df ;f] ljifodfklg ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]tsf] bfjL gk'Ug]u/L ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nfeO{ ;s]sf] 5 . o;/L Ps} ljifodf k6sk6s d'2f k/L clGtd eO;s]sf] cj:Yffdfk'gM lkm/fb ug{ ldNb}g . xbDofb, xsb}ofgePsf] / c=a+=*% g+= ;d]tsf] ljk/LtljkIfLsf] lkm/fb :jtM vf/]hefuL 5 . ljkIfLn]lkm/fbdf pNn]v u/]sf] v8\u lgzfgf / ;gb;d]tsf] ljifodf cJb'n ;nfd / clhd ldofcG;f/Ln] u/]sf] d'2f ;d]tdf ljj]rgf eO{ljkIfL >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ljkIfL ;/xsfclhd ldof cG;f/L ;d]tsf] bfjL gk'Ug] u/LclGtd km};nf e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM ;f]xLljifo / sf/0f p7fO{ k'gM lkm/fb btf{ ug{ldNb }g eGg] ;d]t Joxf ]/fsf ] k | ltjfbLg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

km};nf ab/df bfjL lngsf] nflu cfˆgf]xs :yf lkt ug ' {kg ] {df ldl;n ; +nUgsfuhftaf6 pQm ls=g+= %@ df jfbLsf] xs:yflkt ePsf] clwsfl/s ;a"b k|df0f k]z x'g;s]sf] cj:yf klg b]lvFb}g . Pp6} ljifodfk6s k6s ljjfb p7fpg' Gofof]lrt\ klg x'Fb}g .k|:t't d'2fdf k|df0fsf] ?kdf cfPsf] k'g/fj]bsjfbL clhd ldofF cG;f/L lj?4 k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLdlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno ;d]t ePsf] b]=k'=g+=

(*^( sf] km};nf ab/ d'2fdf ldlt @)^!.(.%df ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 oxL ljjflbtls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ 6x/f hUufsf] ;DaGwdfkm};nf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|ltjfbL agfO{btf{ ab/df lkm/fb k/L btf{ ab/ x'g] 7x/LePsf] km};nfpk/ k'gM g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfodul/kfpFm egL c=a+= !) g+= sf] cg'dlt lnO{cGo JolQmn] lkm/fb ug]{ xsb}of /fVb5 egLeGg' sbflk ldNg ;Sb}g egL 7x/ e} clGtde} /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] ;f]xL ljjflbt ls=g+= %@sf] 3/ 6x/f hUuf ;DaGwdf oL jfbLnfO{ c=a+=*@ g+= tyf *^ g+= n] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf]km};nf ab/ ul/kfpFm egL lkm/fb ug]{ xsb}of/x]sf] 5 egL sfg"gtM dfGg gdlNg] b]lvPsf]n]k|:t't lkm/fb vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ eGg] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.@.@$ ut]sf]km};nf .

v8\u lgzfgf, ;gb, ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf]km};nf, gfkL uf]Zj/fsf] lg0f{o / dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] ldlt @)$#.!.@$ sf] lg0f{o ;d]tn]ljjflbt 3/ hUuf ;/sf/L ;DklQ /x] ePsf]s'/f clGtd eP/ a;]sf] 5 . ;f]xL adf]lhd dlkm/fbLsf] lg/Gt/ ef]udf /x]sf] 5 . t;y{k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.@.@$sf] km};nf ab/efuL /x]sf]n] ab/ u/L d]/f]lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhd u/L OG;fkm kfpFm eGg] jfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df @))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf,@))!.!.@& sf] kf]tf c8\8fsf] gfddf ePsf];gb, @)!^.(.@* sf] ckLn t];|f kmfF6sf] km};nf/ @)$).!!.!! sf] dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf]km};nfadf]lhd ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}F+sf] ldlt @)$#.!.@$ sf]lg0f{oadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf :yfoLbtf{ ePsf]n] ;f] btf{ / lg0f{o ab/ u/L ljkIfLsfgfpFdf btf{ ug]{ u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ ug{ lkm/fbdf

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dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cbfnt Goflos lgisif{dfk'Ug' cl3 jfbL k|ltjfbLn] pNn]v u/]sf k|df0fx¿a'em\g' kg]{df jfbLaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs /x]sfegL k|:t't ul/Psf k|df0fx¿ a'em\b} ga'emLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 jfbL bfjL k'Ugg;Sg] u/L ePsf] km};nf k|df0f d"NofÍgsf]/f]xdf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf 5nkmnsf] lgldQ ljkIfLlemsfO{ k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^&.@.@ sf] cfb]z .

o;df ldlt @)^&.@.@ sf] ljkIfLlemsfpg] cfb]zdf plNnlvt a'Fbfx¿sf] ;DaGwdfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nfdf ljj]rgf ul/Psf] kfOPg . ;fy}o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.(.% df ePsf]km};nfdf klg tT;DaGwdf s'g} ljZn]if0f ul/Psf]b]lvFb}g . o;/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n] ljkIfL lemsfpg]cfb]z ubf{ lnOPsf cfwf/x¿ h:t} ldlt@))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf, @))!.!.@& sf]kf]tf c•fsf] gfpFdf ePsf] ;gb, @)!^.(.@*sf] ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf] km};nf / @)$).!!.!!sf] dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nfsf];DaGwdf ljj]rgf u/L ;f]sf] tYoleq k|j]zu/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 lg0f{o ug{ c;df~h:okl/l:ylt pTkGg e} hl6n sfg"gL k|Zg ;dfj]zePsf] x'Fbf o; ;DaGwdf k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 g}lg0f{o ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf]n] lgodfg';f/ k"0f{Ohnf;df k]z ug' { eGg] o; cbfntsf]@)^*.#.@^ sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bssf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfdxfb]jk|;fb ofbj / clwjQmf yOGb| axfb'/cfªj'xfªn] bfjLsf] 3/ hUuf ;/sf/L wd{zfnf/x]sf] / o;df a:g] d';ndfgx¿ /fFuf v;Lsf]Jofkf/ u/];Dd axfn glt/L a:g kfpg] Joj:yfldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf, ldlt@))!.!.@& sf] ;gb / ;f] ;DaGwdf tTsfnLg

ckLn t];|f] kmfF6af6 ldlt @)!^.(.@* dfePsf] km};nf ;d]tsf cfwf/df k'g/fj]bsx¿sf]ef]uflwsf/ sfod ePsf] / plNnlvt v8\ulgzfgf, ;gb / km};nf ab/ geO{ oyfjt\/x]sf] cj:Yffdf bfjLsf] 3/ hUufdf ljkIfLx¿sf]s'g} xs :yflkt x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] o;tkm{s'g} ljrf/ gu/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf ab/ x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfLsf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf afns[i0fg]pkfg]n] k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] lnPsf] bfjLsf;DaGwdf o; eGbf cl3 klg k6s k6sljjfb k/L ljleGg ldltdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6jfbL bfjL gk'Ug] u/L km};nf eO{ clGtd e};s]sf]cj:yfdf ;f]xL ljifodf k'gM lkm/fb k/L cfPsf]k|:t't d'2f c=a+= *% g+= sf] ;d]t ljk/Lt x'Fbfk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf ;b/x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfL g]kfn;/sf/sf ] tkm {a f6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf 7f]sk|;fb lzjfsf]6Ln] g]kfn;/sf/sf] tkm {af6 k'g/fj]bsx¿sf] xsclwsf/df cf3ft kfg]{ lsl;dsf] s'g} cfb]zjf lg0f{o gePsf]n] lkm/fb vf/]h x'g'k5{ egLax; ug'{eof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax; ;'gLk'g/fj]bg kq ;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhftcWoog u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 ePsf]km};nf ldn] gldn]sf] s] xf] < k'g/fj]bssf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'U5 jf k'Ub}g eGg] ;DaGwdflg0f{o lbg' kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

jfbLn] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufdf pQmhUuf btf{ u/fpg] k|= g/]Gb|ljqmdsf] xh'/a'afs}kfnfb]lv xfd|f xh'/a'afn] v;L /fFufsf] Jofkf/u/L a;L cfpg' ePsf] / d ;d]tsf t];|f]k':tfsf] JolQmx¿ ;d]t ;f]xLadf]lhd lg/Gt/?kdf clxn];Dd a;L cfPsf 5f}+ . ;f] s'/f@))!.!.@& sf] ;gb ;d]taf6 ;dly{t 5 .To;} u/L ldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf,

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ldlt @))!.!.@& sf] ;gb Pj+ @)!^.(.@* sf]ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf km};nfaf6 pQm ;/sf/L3/ e} xfn axfn glt/L a:g kfpg] u/L /fFuf,v;Lsf] Jofkf/ ug]{ d';ndfgx¿sf] ef]uflwsf/ePsf] 3/ xf] . @)#$ ;fndf zx/L gfkL x'FbfhUufwgL dxndf >L % sf] ;/sf/ pNn]v u/Ls } lk motdf @))).!@ .!! sf ] v8 \ulgzfgfcg';f/ v;L /fVg] d';ndfgx¿ a;];Dd;f] 6x/fsf] axfn lng' kb}{g eGg] pNn]v eO{c:yfoL btf{ u/]sf]df ;f]pk/ k'g/fj]bg ubf{ldlt @)$).!!.!! df dWodf~rn If]qLocbfntaf6 ;d]t # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] pQmlg0f{o ;b/ ePkl5 ldlt @)$#.!.@$ dfdfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf:yfoL btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] xf] . tt\kZrftg/]Gb|ljqmdn] tTsfnLg afudtL c~rncbfntdf lkm/fb u/L ldlt @)%@.&.@@ dfk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 km};nf u/fpg' ePsf]/x]5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 æg]kfn;/sf/sf] gfpFdf ePsf] pQm ls=g+= %@ sf]btf{ ab/ eO{ lkm/fbLsf gfddf btf{ x'g]æ egLldlt @)%@.&.@@ df km};nf ePsf] /x]5 .dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nf ;d]taf6pQm ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ 6x/f hUuf g]kfn;/sf/sf ] :j f ldTjsf ] / v;L a ] Rg ]d';ndfgx¿sf] ef]uflwsf/ sfod /x]sf] ;d]ts'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s d"NofÍg gu/L lghg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf gfpFdf btf{ ug]{ u/L ul/Psf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nf ab/ u/L hUufwgLdf g]kfn ;/sf// v;L a]Rg] d';ndfgsf] ef]uflwsf/ sfodul/kfpFm eGg]] lkm/fb bfjL /x]sf]df ljkIfLn]pNn]v u/]sf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfpk/d'2fsf] kIf tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]k'g/fj]bg gk/]sf] / ;f] km};nfsf cfwf/dfePsf] lg0f{o ab/ lnvt ab/ u/L g]kfn;/sf/sf gfpFdf sfod ul/kfpFm egL o;

cl3 cJb'n ;nfd ldofF ;d]tn] lbPsf] d'2fdfbfjL gk'Ug] u/L lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ldlt @)%&.#.!$ df;b/ eP kZrft d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpFm egLk/]sf] lgj]bgdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^!.(.% df d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfgug{ gldNg] eGg] cfb]z eO{ clGtd ePsf]b]lvG5 . k'gM kl5 ;f]xL ljifodf clhd ldofFcG;f/Ln] gfn]; u/]sf]df lghsf] klg bfjLgk'Ug] u/L ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^!.(.% df km};nf eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . Ps}ljifodf k6s k6s d'2f k/L clGtd eO;s]sf]cj:Yffdf k'gM ;f]xL ljifodf kg{ cfPsf] k|:t'tlkm/fb vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf]k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ eO{ jfbLnfO{ k|:t't ljifodfgfn]; ug]{ xsb}of gePsf] egL lkm/fb vf/]hx'g] egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{ o;cbfntdf jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] /x]5 .

ljjflbt ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ 6x/f hUuf;DaGwdf oL jfbLnfO{ c=j+= *@ g+= tyf *^g+= n] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ ul/kfpFmegL lkm/fb ug]{ xsb}of /x]sf] 5 egL sfg"gtMdfGg gdlNg] egL lkm/fb vf/]h x'g] 7x/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.@.@$sf] km};nfpk/ jfbL kIfsf] k|:t't k'g/fj]bgk/]sf]df ljkIfL lemsfpg] cfb]z ubf{ lnOPsfcfwf/x¿sf] ;DaGwdf laj]rgf u/L ;f]sf]tYoleq k|j]z u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 lg0f{oug{ c;df~h:o kl/l:ylt pTkGg e} hl6nsfg"gL k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf]n] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6lg0f{o ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf]n] k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk]z ug'{ egL ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 cfb]z ePkl5k|:t't d'2f o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf]b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ jfbL k/j]hcVt/ cG;f/Ln] ldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\˜ulgzfgf, ldlt @))!.!.@& sf] ;gb Pj+

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@)!^.(.@* sf] ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf] km};nf;d]tadf]lhd bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf]:jfldTj g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ePsf]df k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gaf6 g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf gfddfbtf{ ug]{ km};nf ePsf]n] c=a+= *^ g+= cg';f/;f] @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ u/L pQmhUufsf] :jfldTj g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf sfodu/L To;sf] ef]uflwsf/ cfˆgf] sfod ul/kfpFmeGg] g} k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] d'Vo bfjL /x]sf]b]lvG5 . bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf]:jfldTj;DaGwL ljjfb k|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljs|d /f0ff/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf aLr /x]sf] b]lvG5 . @)#$;fndf zx/L gfkL x'Fbfsf cj:yfdf ;f] hUufdfck;/ ldofF ;d]tn] :jfldTjsf] bfjL u/]sf]df# g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fn] ldlt @)#&.#.!$ dfg]kfn ;/sf/sf gfpFdf c:yfoL btf{ ug]{ lg0f{ou/]sf] / ;f] lg0f{opk/ ck;/ ldofF ;d]tsf]k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfnt;d]taf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfpFdf c:yfoL btf{ug]{ # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] lg0f{o ;b/ eO{dfnkf]t sfof{non] ldlt @)$#.!.@$ df g]kfn;/sf/sf gfpFdf :yfoL btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]b]lvG5 . dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ;f] lg0f{opk/g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffn] tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno / dfnkf]t sfof{nosf7df8f}F+ ;d]tnfO{ k|ltjfbL agfO{ ls=g+= %@sf] 3/hUuf !($# / !($% sf] nfndf]x/ /d]7jGbLadf]lhd cfˆgf] gfddf btf{ x'g'k5{ egLg]kfn ;/sf/sf gfddf ldlt @)$#.!.@$ dfePsf] btf{ ab/sf] dfu u/L tTsfnLgafudtL c~rn cbfntdf lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf]b]lvG5 .

#= lghsf] ;f] lkm/fbpk/ lg0f{o x'Fbf;f] d'2fsf k|ltjfbLx¿n] k|ltpQ/df lhsL/lnPsf @))) ;fnsf] v8\u lgzfgf, @)!^;fnsf] ckLn t];|f kmfF6sf] km};nf / @)#&;fnsf] # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] lg0f{o ldl;n

k|df0ffy{ cfpg g;s]sf], k|df0fdf /x]sf] jfbLvlnn ldofF ;d]t ePsf] lg0f{o ab/ d'2fsf]km};nf ;d]taf6 bfjLsf] hUufdf vlnn ldofF;d]tsf] xs sfod ePsf] ge} g]kfn ;/sf/sf]:jfldTjdf /x] ePsf] b]lvPsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf ePsf] pQm hUufsf] btf{ ab/sf] dfuu/L lkm/fb k/]sf] egL jfbLn] k|df0fdf pNn]vu/]sf !($# / !($% ;fnsf] v8\u lgzfgf,nfndf]x/ / d]7aGbL dfnkf]t ljefuaf6k|df0f:j?k Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] / tLk|df0fx¿nfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿n] cGoyf lhsL/ lngg;s]sf] cj:yfdf ljjfbsf] ls=g+= %@ sf]hUufdf jfbLsf] xs :jfldTj /x] ePsf] b]lvgcfPsf] hUuf x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ug]{ u/]sf] dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf] ldlt@)$#.!.@$ sf] lg0f{o / ;f]sf] cfwf/df g]kfn;/sf/sf gfddf ePsf] btf{ ab/ e} lkm/fbLg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf gfddf btf{ x'g] 7x5{ egLldlt @)%@.&.@@ df k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gaf6 km};nf ePsf] eGg] k|df0f lgldQ;fy /x]sf] pQm ldl;naf6 b]lvG5 .

$= k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ;f] km};nfpk/tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\;lrjfnon] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf btf{ ug{ NofPsf]k'g/fj]bg Dofb gf3L btf{ x'g cfPsf] egL btf{geO{ b/kL7 ePsf] / ;f] b/kL7 cfb]z ldlt@)%#.%.!$ df ;b/ eO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf clGtd ePsf]b]lvG5 . o;/L ljjflbt ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf]:jfldTj bfjLstf{ k|ltjfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sfgfddf sfod /x]sf] btf{ k|df0fsf] d"NofÍgsf]cfwf/df ab/ eO{ csf{ bfjLstf{ g/]Gb|ljqmd/f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ x'g] 7x/L ;f]pk/ g]kfn;/sf/n] sfg"gsf] Dofbleq k'g/fj]bg gu/]sf]cj:yfdf ;f] km};nf g} clGtd ePsf] tyfpQm clGtd km};nfadf]lhd ljjflbt hUufsf]:jfldTjsf] ljjfb cGTo eO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]

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km};nfadf]lhd ;f] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf]:jfldTj k|fKt JolQm g/]Gb|ljqmd ePsf] tYoclGtd eP/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

%= k 'g/ fj ]bg cbfntsf ] ld lt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfaf6 cfˆgf] xs uPsf]egL c=a+= *^ g+= cg';f/ ;f] km};nf ab/ u/LbfjLsf] 3/ hUuf ;/sf/L sfod ul/kfpFm ;d]tegL cJb'n ;nfd ldof ;d]tsf] sf7df8f}F+lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fb k/]sf]df jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] egL km};nf eO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt;d]taf6 ;f] km};nf ;b/ ePsf] tyf ;f]km};nf q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] egL d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]l/kfpFmegL jfbLsf] o; cbfntdf lgj]bg k/]sf]dfo; cbfntaf6 d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfgug{ ldn]g egL ldlt @)^!.(.% df o;cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 cfb]z eO{k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nf ab/ gx'g] eGg] km};nf clGtd/x]sf] b]lvG5 . tTkZrft\ k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] ;f]xL km};nfnfO{ab/ ug{ dfu u/L clhd ldof cG;f/Ln] c=a+=*^ g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd bfo/ u/]sf]lkm/fbdf klg tx–tx km};nf e} lkm/fb bfjLvf/]h x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfo; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt@)^!.(.% df ;b/ x'g] u/L km};nf ePsf]b]lvG5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] pQm km};nfGofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !! adf]lhdk'g/fjnf]sg u/L kfpg jfbLsf] lgj]bg k/]sf]dfk'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|bfg ug{ ldn]g egLldlt @)^&.!).!$ df cfb]z ePsf] ldl;n;+nUg pQm k|df0f ldl;nx¿af6 b]lvg cfpF5 .

^= o;k|sf/ ljjflbt ls=g+= %@ sf]hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf c:yfoL btf{ u/]sf]# g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] lg0f{o / ;f] ;b/ eO{dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt @)$#.!.@$ df :yfoLbtf{ ug]{ lg0f{oadf]lhd tTsfnLg >L % sf]

;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ePsf]df ;f] hUufsf]:jfldTj ;/sf/sf] geO{ cfˆgf] xf] egL g/]Gb|ljqmd/f0ffsf] lkm/fb k/L ;+slnt ;a"b k|df0fsf]cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf ePsf] btf{ab/ u/L jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{sfod x'g] egL ldlt @)%@.&.@@ df ePsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nfpk/ g]kfn;/sf/n] sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq k'g/fj]bggu/L k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb u'hf/L k'g/fj]bg nfUgg;s]sf] / laleGg JolQmx¿n] ;f] km};nf ab/sfnflu c=j+= *^ g+= adf]lhd lkm/fb lbP klgjfbL bfaL k'Ug g;Sg] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;d]taf6 km};nf eO{ clGtd eP/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf;f]xL ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf ab/sf nflu oL k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] c=a+=*^ g+= cg';f/ bfjL lnO{ k|:t't lkm/fb bfo/ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lkm/fbdf oL jfbLn] ls=g+=%@ sf] hUufdf pQm hUuf btf{ u/fpg] k|=g/]Gb|ljqmdsf] xh'/a'jfs} kfnfb]lv xfd|f xh'/a'jfn]v;L /fFufsf] Jofkf/ u/L a;L cfpg' ePsf] / d;d]tsf t];|f] k':tfsf] JolQmx¿ ;d]t ;f]xLadf]lhd lg/Gt/ ?kdf clxn];Dd a;L cfPsf5f}+ eGg] pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 . jfbLsf] ;f]sygaf6 bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf] xsjfnf/ wgL g/]Gb|ljqmdsf] xh'/a'jf xf] eGg] s'/fjfbLn] cfˆgf] lkm/fbdf klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .c=a+= *^ g+= cg';f/ k/]sf] lkm/fbdf bfjLsf]ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufdf ;/sf/sf] xs sfod u/Lcfˆgf] ef]uflwsf/ sfod ul/kfpFm egL jfbLn]bfjL u/]sf] 5 t/ xs x'g] elgPsf] ;/sf/n]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfaf6 ;f] hUufdf xssfod u/fpg g;s] kl5 /Ltk"j{ssf] k'g/fj]bglbO{ cfˆgf] xs sfod u/fO{ lng'kg]{df ;f] u/fpg;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf c=j+= *^ g++ sf]/f]xdf oL jfbLsf] k|:t't lkm/fbaf6 cGo lgsfog]kfn ;/sf/sf] bfjLsf] hUufdf xssfod ul/lbg;j{yf gldNg] x'G5 . c=j+= *^ g++ sf] sfg"gL

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Joj:yf x]bf{ km};nf, l8;ld;, ldnfkq, vf/]hePsf d'2fdf ;f] km};nf l8;ld;, ldnfkq,vf/]h ePsf]n] csf{sf] xs ;d]t hfg] ePsf]/x]5 eg] h;sf] xs hfg]5 To;}n] yfxf kfPsf#% lbgleq o;df xfd|f] klg xs nfU5 o;n]dfq xf/L jf l8;ld; vf/]h ldnfkq u/fPsf]n]xfd|f] xs hfg] xf]Og egL cfˆgf] xs htLdfemul8ofsf gfddf gfln; lbP OG;fkm u/Llbg'k5{ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd s'g} km};nfaf6 t];|f] kIfsf] xshfg] cj:yfdf ;f] t];|f] kIfn] cfˆgf] xs :yflktu/fpg gfn]; lbg kfpg] x'G5 . t/ oL jfbLn]ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfaf6 ls=g+= %@ sf]hUufdf ;f] d'2fsf kIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs:jfldTj sfod u/L kfpg bfjL lnPsf] b]lvFbfTo:tf] bfjL lng] xsb}of oL jfbLdf /x]sf] eGg]pQm c=a+= *^ g+= sf] k7gaf6 b]lvFb}g .

&= cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{eP jf lrQ gj'em] sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6 dfu{ cjnDagu/L d'2fsf kIfx¿åf/f g} ab/ u/fpg ;Sg'k5{ . To;/L ab/ u/fpg g;s]df To:tf] clGtdkm};nf h] h:tf] eP klg kIfx¿ nufot ;a}nfO{sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'G5 . o; dfGotfsf] k5fl8s'g} klg ljjfb Pp6f lglZrt cj:yfdf k'u]kl56'Ëf] nfUg' k5{ cGoyf lajfbsf] slxNo}klg cGTox'g ;Sb}g eGg] km};nfsf] clGtdtfsf] l;4fGt-Doctrine of Finality ) cGt/\lgxLt /x]sf] 5 .ljjfbsf] 6'Ëf] slxNo} gnfUg] cj:yfn] Psftkm{d'2fsf kIfnfO{ cgfjZos >d, ;do / ;fwgvr{ ug'{kg]{ l:ylt cfpF5 eg] csf]{tkm{ Gofok|zf;gk|lt g} cfz+sf / cGof}nsf] l:ylt pTkGgeO{ cbfnt / km};nf k|lt hgljZjf; sfod/xg g;Sg] x'G5 . To;}n] km};nfsf] clGtdtfsf]l;4fGtnfO{ Gofosf] dfGo l;4fGtsf] ?kdfc+uLsf/ ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 .

*= ;fy} ;Ifd cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{clGtd ePkl5 k'gM ;f]xL ljifodf k6s–k6s

d'2f bfo/ ug{ gldNg] egL km};nfsf] clGtdtfsf]l;4fGt xfd|f] Gofo k|0ffnLn] klg c+uLsf/ u/]sf]5 . d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntnufotdftxtsf cbfntsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{o ;a}n]kfngf ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgsf]o; efjgfcg'¿k To:tf cfb]z jf lg0f{ox¿d'2fsf kIfx¿sf lglDt aGwgsf/L x'g'sf] cltl/Qm;/sf/ nufot ;a}n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . s'g}cbfnt lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] clGtdlg0f{o d'2fsf kIfx¿nfO{ dfGg s/ nfUg] tyfPs k6s s'g} cbfnt lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln]lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] d'2f k'gM ;f]xL cbfnt lgsfojf clwsf/Ln] x]g{ jf To;df s'g} ;+zf]wg ug{gx'g] egL Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !(df :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .

(= k|:t't d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfddf ePsf] ls=g++= %@ sf] hUufsf]btf{ ab/ u/L jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddfbtf{ sfod x'g] egL ldlt @)%@.&.@@ df k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gaf6 km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]km};nfpk/ Dofbleq g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bgkg{ g;sL ;f] km};nf clGtd ePsf] / pQmkm};nf ab/sf] nflu o;cl3 Ps k6s cJb'n;nfd ldofFn] c=j+= *^ g+= cg';f/ d'2f bfo/u/]sf]df jfbLsf] bfjL gk'Ug] egL ;jf]{Rrcbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] / To;kl5 clhdldofFn] klg ;f]xL km};nfnfO{ ab/ u/fpg c=j+=*^g+= adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ u/]sf]df jfbL bfjL k'Ugg;Sg] egL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;d]taf6 km};nfeO{ clGtd eP/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] ;f]xL km};nfab/sf nflu oL k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] lkm/fb k/]sf]5 . o;/L Ps} ljifodf k6s k6s ljleGgJolQmåf/f ;f]xL ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf ab/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf gfn];ug'{ km};nf clGtdtfsf] l;4fGt (Doctrine of

Finality ) ljk/Lt ;d]t b]lvg cfof] .

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!)= csf]{tkm{ jfbLn] @)%@.&.@@ sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nf c=j+=*^g+= sf] cfwf/df ab/ ul/kfpFm egL bfjL lnPsf]/ bfjLsf] ls=g+=%@ lsQf sf6 eO{ xfn ls=g+=!*$! / !*$@ sfod e};s]sf] hUufdf cfˆgf]ef]u /x]sf]n] ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj sfod u/Ld]/f] ef]uflwsf/ sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tjfbLsf] bfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . c=a+= *^ g+= sf]/f]xdf jfbL jfx]s cGo lgsfo jf JolQmsf] xssfod ug{ ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfn] ldNg] b]lvFb}g .pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ jfbLn] cfˆgf] xs;Dd sfod u/fO{ dfUg] xf] . cGo s;}sf] xssfod u/fO{ dfUg] xsb}of lghdf /x]sf] x'Fb}g .t/ jfbLn] ab/sf] dfu u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfaf6k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfdsf] hUufbtf{ ab/ ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f]pk/ pQmd'2fsf] kIf /x]sf] :jo+ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Dofbleqk'g/fj]bg k/]sf] b]lv+b}g . hUufsf] :jfldTjbfjL ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bg gk/]sf]cj:yfdf oL jfbLsf ] lkm/fbaf6 g]kfn;/sf/sf] :jfldTj sfod ug{ ldNg] sfg"gLcfwf/ lkm/fb kqdf st} pNn]v ePsf]b]lvPg . ;fy} k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] cfˆgf] lkm/fbdfpQm ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ u/Lljjflbt 3/hUufdf cfˆgf] ef]u /x]sf] eGg]bfjL u/]sf] b]lvG5 t/ ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nfdf hUufsf]:jfldTjsf] ;DaGwdf dfq lg0f{o ePsf]b]lvG5 . ;f] d'2fdf ef]uflwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfb;lGglxt g/x]sf] tyf ef]usf] ;DaGwdf pQmcbfntaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] ;d]t b]lvFb}g . o;/LpQm km};nfdf k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] ef]uflwsf/sf;DaGwdf cGoyf x'g] lg0f{o af]n]sf] cj:yfgx'Fbf lghsf] ef]u k|:t't c=a+= *^ g+= sf]/f]xdf k/]sf] d'2faf6 :yflkt ul/lbg] eGg]cj:yf cfpFb}g .

!!= hxfF;Dd ldlt @))).!@.!! sf]v8\u lgzfgf, @))!.!.@& sf] kf]tf c•fsf]gfpFdf ePsf] ;gb, @)!^.(.@* sf] ckLn t];|f]kmfF6sf] km};nf / @)$).!!.!! sf] dWodf~rnIf]qLo cbfntsf] km};nfsf] ;DaGwdf k'g/fj]bgcbfnt / o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6ljj]rgf gul/Psf]n] ;f]sf] ljj]rgf u/L tYoleqk|a]z u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 lg0f{o ug{c;d~h:o kl/l:ylt pTkGg e} hl6n sfg"gLk|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] x'Fbf o; ;DaGwdf k"0f{Ohnf;af6 g} lg0f{o ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf] eGg]o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.#.@^sf] cfb]z 5 ;f] ;DaGwdf ldlt @))!.!.@& sf]kf]tf c•fsf] gfpFdf ePsf] ;gbsf] Joxf]/f x]bf{æbfjLsf] 3/sf] dd{t ug{ ?=!,@%$.^$ sf] nuttof/ ePsf], ;f]adf]lhd agfpg] u/L l/kf]6tof/ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] 3/ 6x/f ;/sfl/ofge} b'lgofsf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] egL s= tf5]{ljqmd /f0ffnfO{ j'‰g lghsf] gfpFdf g]kfnu~huf]Zjf/fdf Dofb hf/L u/L lghn] ;f] 3/dfcfˆgf] afj'sf] kfnfb]lv g} v;L Nofpg]nfO{ .!k};f lng] u/L v;L /fVg lbg'k5{ eGg] ePsf] /To;af6 cfpg] k};fn] dd{t ug{ ;d]t gk'Ug]ePsf]n] ;f] 6x/f dd{t ug{ ;d]t 5f]l8lbPsf] /;f] 6x/f cj dd{t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eg] v;L /fVbftn kmf]xf]/ ug]{ x'gfn] dfly dflg; a:g gcfpg]e} tnf yKg kmh'n x'g] x'Fbf v;L /fVg gkfpg]x'G5 eg] dd{t ul/g] 5Æ eGg] tf5]{ ljqmd/f0ffn] hjfkm lbPsf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/f pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] Joxf]/faf6 pQm 3/hUuf;/sf/L geO{ oL k|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmdsf jfh]tf5]{ ljqmdsf] 3/ hUuf /x]sf] eGg] b]lvG5 .;fy} v;L /fVg gkfpg] u/L tf5]{ ljqmdaf6dd{t u/fpg] jf Psk6ssf nflu ;/sf/tkm{af6agfpg lbg' eGg] lgS;f/Lsf] nflu k]z ubf{æ;/sf/L vr{df agfpg] / v;L /fVg] df]unfgLofd';ndfgx¿ a;];Dd ;f] 6x/f 3/sf] jxfn

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lng' kb}{g c? a:g cfP axfn lng] u/L kf]tftx;LnnfO{ n]vL k7fpg' eGg] @))).!@.!! dfv8\u lgzfgf e} cfPsf]n] ;f]xLadf]lhd ug]{ÆeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/f ;f] ;gbdf pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . plNnlvt Joxf]/faf6 bfjLsf] 3/hUuf;/sf/L ge} tf5]{ljqmdsf] ePsf] / v;L Nofpg]d';ndfgaf6 .! k};f lng] u/L lbPsf] ef8faf6dd{t ug{ gk'u]sf]n] dd{t ug{ 5f]8]sf] / ;/sf/LkIfaf6 ;f]wgL x'Fbf v;L /fVg glbg] ePdfqdd{t ug]{ eg]kl5 tTsfnLg ;dodf ahf/dfdf;'sf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ldnfpg / v;L a]Rg]JolQmx¿sf] lxtsf] lgldQ JolQmsf] 3/ ;/sf/Lvr{df dd{t u/L v;L /fVg] df]unflgof cyf{t\ef/tLo d';ndfgx¿ a;];Dd ;f] 3/ 6x/fsf]axfn glng] / c? a:g cfP jxfn lng]jGbf]j:t ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L pQm ;gbsf]Joxf]/faf6 ;f] 3/ 6x/fdf v;L/fVg] d';ndfgsf;Gtfg / b/;Gtfgn] ef]uflwsf/ k|fKt ug]{eGg] gb]lvg'sf] ;fy} v;L j]Rg] ef/tLod';ndfgnfO{ jxfn glnO{ a:g] Joj:yf ;f]3/df ul/Psf] / ef/tLo d';ndfg afx]sc?nfO{ klg jxfndf lbg ;lsg] / c? JolQmjxfn a:g cfP jxfn lng] eGg] tYo b]lvG5 .t/ oL jfbL ldlt @))!.!.@& sf] ;gbdfpNn]v ePadf]lhd df]unfgLof d';ndfg cyf{t\ef/tLo d';ndfg /x]sf] eGg] lkm/fbdf pNn]vePsf] lghsf] jtgaf6 b]lvg cfpFb}g .

!@= ldlt @)!^.(.@* sf] ckLn t];|f]kmfF6sf] km};nf x]bf{ klg hldbf/ ldof ;d]tn]bfjLsf] 3/hUufdf xf]ldof]Koflys cf}ifwfno /fVg]lg0f{o ePsf]df ;f] 3/ hUufnfO{ ;fj{hlgs;lGw;k{g wd{zfnf sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] lkm/fbbfjL u/]sf]df wd{zfnf xf] eGg] s'/f ge} v8\ulgzfgfadf]lhd v;L /fVg] d';ndfgnfO{ ef8fglng] u/L /fv]sf] 3/ egL xf]ldof]Koflyscf}ifwfno /fVg lbg] u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/ ePsf]b]lvG5 . o;}u/L ldlt @)$).!!.!! sf]

dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nfsf] Joxf]/fx]bf{ ;f] d'2fdf bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf # g+=gfkL uf]Zjf/fn] ;/sf/L hUuf egL ;/sf/sfgfddf btf{ u/]sf] ldn]g ;f] hUufdf xfd|f] ;d]tgfd pNn]v u/fO{ kfpFm eGg] bfjL u/L vlnnldofF, ck;/ ldof, lhofpn xs ldofF / ;flkmsldofFn] lkm/fb lbPsf] / jfbLx¿sf] ;f] lkm/fb/Lt gk'¥ofO{ bfo/ ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df vf/]hePsf]] b]lvG5 .

!#= k|:t't d'2fsf jfbLn] pQm v8\ulgzfgf ;gb ;d]tsf] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df cfˆgf]afj' jf afh]n] ef]uflwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] / lghsf]pQ/flwsf/Lsf] x}l;otn] ;f] ef]uflwsf/ cfkm"nfO{k|fKt x'g'kg]{ xf] egL cfˆgf] jfj' jfh] s;}sf] gfdpNn]v u/L bfjL u/]sf] b]lv+b}g / ldlt @))!.!.@&sf] kf]tf c•fsf] gfpFdf ePsf] ;gbsf] Joxf]/faf6klg s'g} JolQm tf]s]/ ef8f glng] eGg] jGbf]j:tu/]sf] geO{ ætTsfn v;Lsf] Jofkf/ ug]{df]unfgLof d';ndfgx¿nfO{ ef8f glng]Æ eGg];Dd pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; pNn]vgaf6tTsfnLg ;dodf v;Lsf] Jofkf/ ug]{ ef/tLod';ndfgsf] d[To' e};s]kl5 ;f] clwsf/ cGoJolQmdf :jtM ;g{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lv+b}g . s]xLckjfb jfx]s ;fdfGotof ;DklQsf] :jfldTj;DaGwL clwsf/ (Proprietary Right_ dfqpQ/flwsf/af6 k|fKt x'g ;S5 . s'g} JolQmsf]d[To' x'Fbf klg p;sf s]xL clwsf/x¿ hLljt/xG5g / o:tf hLljt clwsf/x¿ p;sfpQ/flwsf/Lx¿df ;b{5g . t/ d[tssf s]xLclwsf/x¿ p;sf] d[To'sf] ;fy;fy} ;dfKt x'g]x'gfn] o:tf clwsf/x¿ lghsf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿df;g{ ;Sb}g . k|:t't d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ ldlt@))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf / ldlt @))!.!.@&sf] kf]tf c•fsf] gfpFdf ePsf] ;gbsf] Joxf]/fdfbfjLsf] 3/ ;/sfl/of geO{ JolQmsf] xf] eGg]tYo :yflkt ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L JolQmsf]:jfldTjdf /x]sf] 3/ ;/sf/L vr{df dd{t u/L

11901190119011901190


v;L j]Rg] ef/tLo d';ndfgx¿nfO{ lghx¿j;];Dd ef8f glng] eGg];Dd ;gb ePsf] /o:tf d';ndfgx¿sf ;Gtfg b/;GtfgnfO{ ;d]tof] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] eGg] Joxf]/f ;f] ;gbdfpNn]v ePsf] gb]lvFbf ;f]xL ;gbsf cfwf/df oLk'g/fj]bs jfbLnfO{ ;f] 3/sf] ef]uflwsf/pQ/flwsf/Lsf] ?kdf k|fKt x'g'k5{ eGg ldNg]b]lvPg .

!$= csf]{tkm{ k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] ldlt@))!.!.@& sf] kf]tf c•fsf] gfpFdf ePsf];gbnfO{ cfˆgf] xssf] ;|f]t egL bfjL u/]klgo:tf] ;gb hf/L ug]{ ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] :jfldTj;dfKt x'g] u/L ldlt @)%@.&.@@ df k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfpk/ Dofbleq k'g/fj]bg;d]t ug{ g;sL cfˆgf] :jfldTj :yflkt ug{g;s]sf] cj:yfdf JolQmsf] lghL ;DklQdflghsf] d~h"/La]u/ cGo JolQmsf] c;Lldtef]uflwsf/ sfod /xG5 egL JofVof ug'{ Gofof]lrt\b]lvPg .

!%= t;y{, pko'{Qm laj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0fPj+ k|df0fx¿af6 ldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\ulgzfgf, @))!.!.@& sf] ;gb ;d]tdf plNnlvtJoxf]/faf6 bfjLsf] 3/ hUuf ;/sfl/of geO{ oLk|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf xh'/j'jf s=tf5]{ljqmd /f0ffsf] /x]sf] b]lvPsf] / ;f] 3/ v;La]Rg] d';ndfgnfO{ ef8fdf a:g lbO{ cfPsf]dflghn] dd{t ug{ 5f]8]af6 ;/sf/L vr{df dd{tu/L df]unfgLof d';ndfg cyf{t\ ef/tLod';ndfgnfO{ ljgf ef8f a:g lbg] egL ;gb;DdePsf]df ;Gtfg b/;Gtfg a:g lbg] eGg] ;f];gbdf pNn]v geO{ oL jfbL ;f] adf]lhd ef/tLod';ndfg /x]sf] ;d]t gb]lvPsf], bfjLsf] 3/hUufsf ;DaGwdf gfkLsf] cj:yfb]lv g}:jfldTjdf ljjfb eO{ oL k|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/aLr rn]sf] d'2fdfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nfaf6 g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] xssf] 7x/]

pk/ ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bg gk/L clGtd ePsf] /cGo JolQm cJb'n ;nfd ldof / clhd ldofF;d]tsf] ;f] km};nf ab/ u/L kfpg k6s–k6sgfn]; k/L ;f] km};nf ab/ gx'g] 7x/L ;jf]{Rrcbfnt ;d]taf6 cl3 clGtd km};nf eO;s]sf]df;f]xL km};nf ab/ u/L kfpg jfbLsf] k|:t'tlkm/fb k/]sf] b]lvFbf Ps} ljifodf k6sk6sljleGg JolQmsf] gfn];af6 ;f]xL ljifodf cGoyflg0f{o x'g] cj:yf gx'g'sf] ;fy} jfbLsf] lkm/fbbfjLadf]lhd bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ hUuf;/sf/sf] :jfldTj sfod ul/kfpFm egL bfjLug]{ xsb}of gePsf] egL lkm/fb vf/]h x'g]7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]] km};nfldn]s} b]lv+bf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . k'g/fj]bssf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g . ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=ts{/fh e6[

df=Gof=tflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] /foldl;n cWoog u/L b'j} tkm{sf ljåfg

sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax; lhsL/ ;d]tnfO{b[li6ut ubf{ o;df lgDg k|Zgx¿sf] lg/f]k0fub}{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5 jf5}g egL lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof]M

!= ljjflbt ;fljs ls=g+= %@ ;/sf/L hUufxf] jf lghL hUuf xf] <

@= jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff k|ltjfbL g]kfn;/sf/ ePsf] lg0f{o btf{ ab/ d'2fsf]lkm/fb xbDofbleq 5 jf 5}g <

#= hUuf btf{ / xsj]xs;DaGwL ljjfbdfgful/s clwsf/ P]g cGtu{t l;w}k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lkm/fb bfjL nfUg;Sg] xf] jf xf]Og <

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$= k 'g/fj ]bg cbfnt kf6gsf ] ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ x'g'kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og <

klxnf] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ o;df ldlt@))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf, ldlt @))!.!.@&sf] ;gb Pj+ @)!^.(.@* sf] ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf]km};nf ;d]taf6 bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf]:jfldTj g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfod eO{ To;sf]ef]uflwsf/ cfˆgf] ePsf]n] k|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd/f0ffsf] gfddf ;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf btf{ug]{ u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ ug]{ u/L g]kfn;/sf/sf] :jfldTj / xfd|f] ef]u sfod x'g'k5{eGg] g} k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] d'Vo bfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .ljjflbt hUuf @)#$ ;fnsf] zx/L gfkL x'Fbf;f] hUufdf ck;/ ldofF ;d]tn] # g+= gfkLuf]Zjf/fdf ph"/ u/]kl5 ldlt @)#&.#.!$ df #g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfpFdf c:yfoLbtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] /x]5 . ;f]pk/ ck;/ldofF ;d]tsf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df ldlt @)#(.#.!^df tTsfnLg jfudtL c~rn cbfntaf6 /ldlt @)$).!!.!! df dWo]df~rn If]qLo cbfnt;d]taf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfpFdf c:yfoL btf{ug]{ # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/sf] lg0f{o ;b/ ePsf]b]lvG5 . o;/L dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntaf6clGtd km};nf ePkl5 @)$!.@.( df g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfddf c:yfoL btf{ u/]sf] dfnkf]tsfof{non] ldlt @)$#.!.!$ df pQm ls=g+= %@sf] hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/s} gfpFdf :yfoL btf{ ug]{lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dWodf~rn If]qLocbfntsf] ;f] km};nfnfO{ s;}n] r'gf}tL lbPsf]b]lv+b}g / ;f] km};nf clGtd eP/ /x]sf] 5 .;f]xL km};nfadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{non] ldlt@)$#.!.!$ df g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfpFdf :yfoLbtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]kZrft\ klg To;af6 cfˆgf]xsdf c;/ k/]sf] eP xbDofbleq ;f] lg0f{o

ab/sf] nflu ph"/L ug{ ;Sg' kg]{df s;}n] klgsfg"gL pkrf/sf] nflu uPsf] b]lv+b}g .

;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf sf7df8f}F+j8f g+= @@ leqsf] h=/f]= )–^–!–@ hUuf oxfFsf]P]ltxfl;s w/x/fsf] 7Ls k5fl8sf] ;8s;Fu}klZrdtkm{ hf]l8Psf] hUuf xf] . o;df ljjfb5}g . sf7df8f}F+sf] dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf /x]sf] hUuf-Prime Location_ ePsf]n] of] ;/sf/L xf] jfxf]Og egL x]g'{ kg]{ x'g cfpF5 . o:tf] hUufunt 9Ën] s'g} JolQm ljz]ifsf] xsef]udf hfglbg' x'Fb}g . o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^&.@.@ dfePsf] k|ToyL{ lemsfpg] cfb]zdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]xs /x]sf] egL k|:t't ul/Psf k|df0fx¿ a'em\b}ga'emL k'g/fjb]g cbfnt kf6gaf6 km};nf ePsf]eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfpk/ o;cl3 k/]sf km};nf ab/ d'2fx¿df km};nfx¿e};s]sf] t/ ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n] ljkIfL lemsfpFbflnPsf] cfwf/x¿ ldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\ulgzfgf, ldlt @))!.!.@& sf] kf]tf c8\8fsfgfddf ePsf] ;gb / @)!^.(.@* sf] ckLnt];|f kmfF6sf] km};nf / ldlt @)$).!!.!! sf]dWodf~rn If ]qLo cbfntsf] km };nfsf];DaGwdf ljj]rgf u/L ;f]sf] tYoleq k|Jf]zu/L lg0f{o ug{ c;df~h:o kl/l:ylt pTkGgeO{ hl6n sfg"gL k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] eGg]cfwf/df o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm OHfnf;n] ldlt@)^*.#.@^ df u/]sf] cfb]zfg';f/ k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk|:t't d'2f lg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfpk/klxnf klg km};nf ab/df d'2f k/L lg0f{oe};s]sf] / o; cbfntaf6 klg lg:;f gx'g]egL cfb]z eO{ ;s]sf] eGg] cfwf/df k|:t'td'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L lg0f{o ug{ gldNg]eGg] b]lvb}g . ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] cfb]zdf pNn]vePsf] lnlvtx¿sf] ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ g} x'gcfpF5 .

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pk/f]Qm lnvtx¿dWo] @))) ;fnsf]v8\u lgzfgfdf v;L Jofkf/ ug]{ d';ndfgx¿a;'~h]n;Dd axfn glng' eGg] ;d]t pNn]v 5eg] @))! ;fnsf] ;gbdf klg ;f]xL s'/fsf]k'li6 ul/Psf] kfOG5 . oL lnvtx¿nfO{ k'gk'{li6ub}{ @)!^.!.@* sf] ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf] km};nfn]pQm hUufdf ;fljsb ] lv a:b } cfPsfd';ndfgx¿n] a;f]af; ug{ kfpg] u/L ltgLx¿sf]ef]ulwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft u/]sf] 5 . tTsfnLg;/sf/n] xf]ldof]Koflys c:ktfn agfpg nfUbfk/]sf] d'2fdf of] hUuf ;/sf/sf] xf], ;/sf/n]h;/L eP klg o;sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sb5 egL:jf:Yo ;]qm]6/Lsf] k|ltpQ/df pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . t/ ;/sf/L hUuf ePtfklg To;dfv8\u lgzfgf ;d]taf6 ef]uflwsf/ kfPsfx¿sf]ef]ulwsf/df x:tIf]k ug{ gkfOg] egL @)!^ sf]km};nfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5sf] ;dodfePsf] gfkL / gfkLsf] lg0f{opk/ k/]sf d'2fdfdWodf~rn If]qLo cbfnt ;d]taf6 ePsfkm};nfx¿af6 pQm ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufdf ;/sf/L:jfldTj / oL jfbL ;d]tsf] ef]uflwsf/ sfodg} /x]sf] kfOG5 .

ca k|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] xssf];|f]tsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ lghsf] lhh'a'jfo1 ljqmd axfb'/ /f0ffn] lj=;+= !($# ;fnkf}if ;'bL ^ sf] v8u lgzfgfaf6 ljtf{ kfPsf] /lj=;+= !($% cfiff9 !) df 3/ agfpg] nfndf]x/kfO{ 3/ agfPsf] eGg] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf]kfOG5 . pQm lnvtx¿ kl5sf] s'g} lnvt,k|df0fsf] lhsL/;Dd klg lgh g/]Gb|ljqmdn]cfkm\gf] lkm/fb kqdf / k|:t't d'2fsf] k|ltpQ/kqdf pNn]v u/]sf] kfOb}g . pQm lj=;+= !($#/ !($% kl5 ;f] hUufsf] lt/f]e/f] u/]sf] jf s'g};/sf/L c8\8fdf jf gu/kflnsfdf lghsf] gfddf;f] hUuf jf 3/ ljlwjt btf{ gfd;f/L ePsf]clen]vsf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf] eGg] ;d]t kfOb}g .pQm ljtf{ hUuf /}s/ kl/0ft u/fPsf] eGg] klg

lghsf] bfjL, lhsL/ 5}g . o;sf] cltl/Qmljjflbt hUufdf o; d'2fsf jfbLx¿sf] ef]ulg/Gt/ / lglj{jfb /lxcfPsf] 5 . lj=;+= @)!^;fnsf] ckLn t];|f kmfF6sf] km};nfdf ;/sf/LhUuf egL pNn]v e}/x]sf]n] lgh g/]Gb|ljqmdsf]xssf] ;|f]t elgPsf] lj=;+= !($# / !($% sf]lnvtaf6 lghsf] xs sfod x'g ;Sg] cj:yf5}g . k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf]km};nfn] lj=;+= !($# / !($% sf] v8u lgzfgf/ nfndf]x/nfO{ xssf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf :jLsf/u/]sf] eP klg tL lnvtdf n]lvPsf] hUuf oxLls=g+= %@ g} xf] egL pQm km};nfdf ljj]rgful/Psf] kfOFb}g .

o;/L ljjflbt ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf]km};nf x]bf{ ;f] d'2fsf jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf]hLh'a'jf elgPsf] o1 ljqmd /f0ffsf] lj=;+=!($# / !($% sf ] v8u lgzfgf /;gbcg';f/sf] hUuf g} ls=g+= %@ xf] egLk|df0faf6 k'li6 ePsf] kfOb}g . csf]{tkm{ pQmhUuf lj=;+= !($# / !($% kl5 ;f] d'2fsfjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf afa' jf afh] s;}sf]gfddf /}s/ kl/0ft, btf{ jf gfd;f/L ePsf]5}g . ;f] hUufsf] zx/L gfkL x'Fbf klg lghsf]gfd hUufwgL jf hf]tfxfdf n]lvPsf] kfOFb}g .lt/f] e/f] / ef]u rng klg lghsf] 5}g . o:tf]cj:yfdf gfkL kl5 d'2f k/L tx–tx x'Fb} If]qLocbfntaf6 ePsf] clGtd km};nfcg';f/klxnfb]lvsf] ;/sf/L hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfddf ldlt @)$#.!.!$ df btf{ ;d]t /x]ePsf] / To;df s'g} JolQmsf] xssf] s'g} 7f];k|df0f g/x]sf]n] pQm lsQf g+= sf] hUuf JolQmsf]lghL geO{ ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] hUuf xf] eGg]b]lvG5 .

ca xbDofb;DaGwL bf];|f] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ubf{ xbDofb ;DaGwL k|Zg sfg"gL k|Zg ePsf]n]cbfntL sf/jfxLsf] h'g;'s} tx / r/0fdf klgo;tkm{ cbfntn] ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb5 / ljrf/

11931193119311931193


ug'{ klg kb{5 . d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] jf km};nfeO{ ;s]kl5 ;f] km};nfpk/ km};nf ab/ d'2fk/]sf]df klg cl3Nnf] km};nf xbDofb leqsf]bfjLdf ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og egL x]g{ ldNg] g}x'G5 . xbDofbsf] xsdf pQm ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nf x]bf{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] ;f] d'2fsf]jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffnfO{ ædWodf~rn If]qLocbfntsf] km};nfaf6 ldlt @)$#.!.!$ sf]lg0f{on] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddf :yfO{ btf{eO{ ;s]sf]n] ;f] btf{ ab/ ug]{ xs o; sfof{nonfO{gePsf]n] tkfO{sf] xs k'Ug] eP ;DalGwtcbfntaf6 xs sfod u/L Nofpg'Æ egL lghnfO{@)$^.!.!( df lbPsf] hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/dfxbDofb ;d]t sfod u/L gful/s clwsf/P]gcGtu{t ;f]em} k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf gfn];lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ldlt @)$#.!.!$ sf]dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ;/sf/sf gfddf btf{ ug]{lg0f{onfO{ ;DklQ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ;+1f lbO{k|ltjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffn] nfUg} g;Sg] gful/sclwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf !* sf] xbDofbleqegL ldlt @)$^.%.!* df u/]sf] lkm/fb kqgful/s clwsf/ P]gsf] pQm bkmf ;d]tsf] xbDofbg3fO{ lbPsf] b]lvG5 . lsgeg] lghsf] ;DklQdfnkf]t sfof{non] ckx/0f u/]sf] dfGg] xf] eg];f] sfo{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] klxnf @)$!.@.(df ;/sf/sf] gfddf c:yfoL btf{ u/]sf] / kl5:yfoL btf{ ug]{ u/]sf] ldlt @)$#.!.!$ sf]lg0f{oaf6 ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf] cj:yfdfa9Ldf ;f]xL @)$#.!.!$ sf] ldltb]lv gful/sclwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf @) cg';f/sf] cf7dlxgfsf] xbDofb nfu" x'G5 . pQm ldltsf] lg0f{osf]hfgsf/L cfkm"n] rfx]sf] ldltdf dfu ug]{ clghfgsf/L lnPsf] ldltaf6 pQm P]gsf] xbDofbsfod ug]{ u/L gfln; ug{ eg] sbflk ldNb}g .;f] jfx]s cfˆgf] xssfod u/fpg hUuf ldRg]sf]dxn jf hUUff khgLsf] dxn / hUuf gfkhfFrP]gcg';f/sf] xbDofbleq clwsf/k|fKt cbfntdf

ldlt @)$#.!.!$ sf] lg0f{o ab/sf] nflu bfjLk/]sf] 5}g . o;/L ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfsf]lkm/fbstf{n] lgoldt sfg"gL k|lqmof cjnDaggu/]sf] / cfkm"n] cjnDag u/]sf] P]gsf] klgxbDofb g3fO{ lkm/fb lbPsf] b]lvG5 .

hUuf btf{ / xsj]xs ;DaGwL ljjfbdfk'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ;f]em} lkm/fb ug{ ldNg]gldNg] eGg] t];|f] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ælglj{jfbxs ef]u tyf :jfldTj :yflkt eO{ g;s]sf];DklQsf ;DaGwdf gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@cg';f/ gfln; ug{ gldNg]Æ eGg] tyf gfkL btf{;DaGwL ljjfbsf] ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/n]ckx/0f u/]sf] egL df}lns jf gful/s xssf]ljjfb agfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lkm/fb lnO{;Lw} k|Jf]z ug{ / xs a]xs ;DaGwL lg0f{o ;d]tPs} k6s ;f]xL txsf] cbfntaf6 u/fpg kfpg]Joj:yf gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf!@ / !* n] u/]sf] 5}g egL o; cbfntaf6k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+lj?4 lnnfgfy eGg] gLnfgfy b]jsf]6f ePsf]@)%^ sf] b]=k'=g+= %!$$ df ldlt @)%(.!).@$df ePsf] km};nfn] sfg"gL l;4fGt :yflkt u/]sf]5 . -g]sfk @)%(, lg=g+= &!%%, k[= &^^_ .pQm ghL/ k"0f{ ?Kfn] k|:t't d'2fdf cfslif{t x'g]cj:yf 5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm dfnkf]t sfof{non];/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ug]{ u/]sf]df ;f] lg0f{o /btf{ ab/ ug]{ ljifo hUuf khgLsf] !& g+= tyfhUuf ldRg]sf] !* g+= cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] ;f];DaGwdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf*-#_ / gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf] *-#_ /!* cGtu{tsf] egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 z'?sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{ gldNg] ePsf]n] pQmP]gsf] bkmf !(-s_ cGtu{tsf] b]vfO{ u/]sf] lkm/fbbfjL vf/]h x'g] eGg] l;4fGt klg k'g/fj]bsgf}dfg l;+x tfdfª lj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\ePsf] d'2fdf o; cbfntaf6 sfod ePsf]/x]5 . -g]sfk @)^!, lg=g+= &#&@, k[= $*$_

11941194119411941194


s;}sf] :yflkt / lglj{jfb xs k|rngu/fpg gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ n] sfg"gLpkrf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . xs sfod u/fpgpQm P]gcGtu{t k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] z'?clwsf/If]qleq k|j]z ug{ ldNg] Joj:yf gful/sclwsf/ P]gn] u/]sf] 5}g . xs :jfldTj;DaGwLljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f ug{ / xs sfod u/fpg gful/sclwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf] k|of]u x'Fb}g . btf{ ;DaGwLljjfb jf cfˆgf] xs sfod u/fpg] ljjfbsf]lg/f]k0fsf nflu lgoldt Goflos k|lqmofcGtu{tz'? cbfntsf] clwsf/If]q sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]5 . o; sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ o; cbfntn] k6sk6s cfkm\gf] cg]s lg0f{o / JofVofaf6 :ki6ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;/L dfnkf]t sfof{non] xssfod u/fO{ Nofpg ;'gfPsf]df ;f] xs sfodu/fpg z'? lhNnf cbfntdf lkm/fb bfjL ug'{kg]{x'G5 . To;/L bfjL gul/Psf]df k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] xs sfod x'g], gx'g] eGg] ljjfbdfgful/s clwsf/ P]gcGtu{tsf] z'? clwsf/If]qu|x0f u/L lg0f{o ug{ ldNb}g . o;/L ;/sf/sf]gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L cfkm\gf] gfddf btf{ jf xssfod u/fpg gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@cGtu{t k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lkm/fb ug{ gldNg]dfklg bfo/ ePsf] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] lkm/fbbfjL vf/]h ug'{kg]{df eO{ /x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]7f8f] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;n] xbDofbljxLg bfjLdfclwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 u/L ldlt @)%@.&.@@ dfu/]sf] km};nf sfg"gadf]lhdsf] km};nf gePsf]:ki6 5 . hUuf btf{ / xs a]xs;DaGwL ljjfbdfxs sfod u/fpg gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@cg';f/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lkm/fb bfjL nfUg}g;Sg]df To:tf] bfjLaf6 ul/Psf] lg0f{osfg"gljk/Lt 5 .

ca jfbLsf] bfjLadf]lhd k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ug'{kg]{ xf], xf]Og eGg] rf}yf] / clGtd k|Zgtkm{

ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ljjflbt ;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf ;/sf/LhUuf xf] / To;df k|:t't d'2fsf jfbL ;d]tsf]ef]ulwsf/ sfod /x]sf] egL k|Zg g+= ! sf];Gbe{df ljj]rgf u/L ;lsPsf] 5 . ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf;Fu ;DalGwt ldl;nx]bf{ jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffn] g]kfn ;/sf/ /dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ dfq k|ltjfbL agfPsf]b]lvG5 . bfjLadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt@)$#.!.!$ sf] lg0f{o ab/ u/]sf] ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfpk/ ;/sf/L kIfn]k'g/fj]bg gu/]sf] jf k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofbleqk'g/fj]bg ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0fn] ;/sf/L hUufdfs'g} JolQmsf] lghL xs :yflkt x'g ;Sb}g . pQmljjflbt @)%@ sf] b]=7=g+= %.^ sf] lg0f{o btf{ab/ xs sfod d'2fdf k|ltjfbL dfnkf]t sfof{no/ tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjaf6bflvn ul/Psf] k|ltpQ/df pQm hUufdfd';ndfgx¿ a;L cfPsf] tYo :ki6;Fu pNn]vul/Psf] 5 . pQm hUufdf @)#$ ;fndf ePsf]gfkL Pj+ ldlt @)#&.#.!^ sf] # g+= gfkLuf]Zjf/fsf] lg0f{opk/ ph"/L k/L dWodf~rnIf]qLo cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfkl5 pQm ls=g+=%@ sf] hUuf ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ePsf]nufotsf tYout s'/fx¿ klg d'Vo ;lrjsf]k|ltpQ/ kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

pQm ljjflbt km};nfsf] d'2fdf o;d'2fsf jfbL ;d]tnfO{ k|ltjfbL agfOPsf] 5}g .k|ltpQ/af6 d';ndfgx¿sf] ef]u a;f]af; egLpNn]v ePsf] b]lvP kl5 klg oL jfbL ;d]tsfTo;df a;f]af; ug]{x¿nfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6a'lemPsf] 5}g . s;}nfO{ ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf glbO{lghsf] s'g} klg clwsf/dfly ljk/Lt c;/ kg]{u/L s'g} lg0f{o ug{ ldNb}g . o;} ;Gbe{df ljjflbt@)%@ sf] lg0f{o btf{ ab/ xs sfod d'2fsf]lkm/fb kq x]bf{ ;/sf/sf] gfddf ePsf] btf{ab/ u/L d]/f] gfddf btf{ eO{ xssfod x'g'kg]{

11951195119511951195


eGg] ;Dd bfjL lnO{ jfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffn]lkm/fb u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lkm/fb kqdf ls=g+=%@ sf] hUuf / ;f]df /x]sf] 3/ 6x/f rngrnfO{ kfpFm jf To;df a;f]af; u/L cfPsfnfO{x6fO{ kfpFm egL bfjL lnOPsf] 5}g . o:t} ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] ljjflbt km};nfdf ls=g+= %@ sf]>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddf ePsf] btf{ ab/ u/LjfbL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ x'g] eGg];Dd pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . ;f] km};nfsf] tk;Lnv08 x]bf{ klg ls=g+= %@ h=/f]= )–^–!–@ sf]hUuf jfbLsf] gfddf btf{ ug'{ eGg] ;Dd pNn]vePsf] 5 . pQm hUuf / To;df /x]sf] 3/ 6x/fpQm d'2fsf] jfbLnfO{ rng rnfO{ lbg] eGg] pQmkm};nfn] af]n]sf] 5}g .

ca k|:t't d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df jfbL bfjLx]bf{ c=j+= *^ g+= cg';f/ ;d]t k|:t't lkm/fbbfo/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm gDa/sf] sfg"gLJoj:yf x]bf{ km};nf, l8;ld;, ldnfkq jfvf/]h ePsf] d'2fsf km};nfaf6 csf{sf] xs;d]t hfg] ePsf] /x]5 eg] h;sf] xs hlt/x]5 To;n] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] #% lbgleqgfln; lbg kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .æcsf{Æ eGgfn] cl3Nnf] km};nfsf] d'2fdf kIfljkIf gePsf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpF5 . k|:t't d'2fsfjfbLn] ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/sfgfddf k"j{jt sfod x'g / o;df jfbLsf]ef]uflwsf/ sfod x'g egL b'O{j6f bfjL lnO{lkm/fb bfjL u/]sf] eP klg jfbLsf] jf:tljs;/f]sf/ lghsf] ef]ulwsf/;Fu dfq x'g'kg]{ xf] .cfkm\gf] :jfldTjsf] ;'/Iff g]kfn ;/sf/ cfkm}n]ug'{kg]{ x'G5 / ug{ ;Sb5 klg . o;} ;fy k]zePsf] )^* sf] WF–)))@ pTk]|if0f d'2fdf;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufsf] JolQmsf] gfdsf]btf{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$sf] bkmf @$-@_ adf]lhd ab/ u/L g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/L ;s]sf]eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . JolQmsf gfdsf] btf{ ab/

ug]{ dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] lg0f{o ab/sf nfluk/]sf] l/6 lgj]bgdf ;f] l/6 hf/L gx'g], vf/]hx'g] egL d}n] /fo JoQm u/L ;s]sf] 5' .

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjsf] hUuf k|rlntsfg"gL k|lqmofg';f/ cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf sfod/fVg] bfloTj / clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xf] . oLjfbLn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj sfod x'g'kg]{eGg] bfjL u/] tfklg @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfdfg]kfn ;/sf/ Pp6f kIf /x]s} 5 . pQm km};nfaf6g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ab/ eP klg cGok|lqmofcg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj sfode} g} ;s]sf] / kl5 klg g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfˆgf]:jfldTj sfod /fVg ;Sg] g} x'G5 .

oL jfbL ;d]t ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/ hUufdfa;f]af; ug]{x¿ pQm d'2fdf kIf g/x]sf] /lghx¿sf] a;f]af;nufot ef]ulwsf/df pQmldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfn] s'g} c;/ k/]sf]eGg] gb]lvPsf]n] bfjL cg';f/ c=j+= *^ g+=adf]lhd ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ ug'{kg]{cj:yf /x]g .

t;y{, bfjL ul/Psf] @)%@.&.@@ sf]km};nf ab/ ug{ gkg]{ eGg] ;Ddsf] lg0f{o lgisif{dfo; k"0f{ Ohnf;sf cGo dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf]/fo;Fu d]/f] ;xdlt 5 . lgisif{df ;xdt ePklg d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt cGo k|Zgx¿sf] lg/f]k0fub}{ o; d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt Pj+ o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] @)^*.#.@^ sf] cfb]zdfplNnlvt tYo / lnvtx¿sf] ljj]rgf ub}{ljjflbt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfsf] sfg"gL cfwf/gePtkm{ ljj]rgf ug'{ cfjZos ePsf]n] ;f];d]t ug]{ u/L d}n] 5'§} lg0f{ofwf/ n]v]sf] 5' .ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L j'emfO{ lbg" .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ !$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L

&&&&&

11961196119611961196


lg0f{o g+= **&! lg0f{o g+= **&! lg0f{o g+= **&! lg0f{o g+= **&! lg0f{o g+= **&!

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf; dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx dfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§)^*–WF–)))@

km};nf ldltM @)^(.#.!$.%

d'2fM pTk|]if0f .

lgj]bsM sf=lh=,sf=d=g=kf=j8f g+= @^ j:g]/TgsfhL dxh{g ;d]t

lj¿4ljkIfLM clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

§ ;/sf/ :jo+n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nfnfO{ k'g/fj]bg lbO{ ab/ u/fpgg;s]sf] cj:yfdf cGo tl/sf /dfWodaf6 jf cGo s'g} lgsfoaf6 jf:jo+ ;/sf/af6 ;flwsf/ / ;Ifdcbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ ab/ ug{ jf cdfGoug{ sfg"g;+ut / dfGo x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ s'g} clwsf/k|fKt cbfnt jf ;Ifd

lgsfon ] sfg "gadf ] lhd u/ ]sf ]lg0f {ocg'¿k dfnkf]t sfof {non]Psk6s JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ u/]sf]lg0f{onfO{ cbfnteGbf klg ;zQm /c;fwf/0f If]qflwsf/ u|x0f u/L pTk|]if0fk|s[ltsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{] clwsf/clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ljBdfg sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ s'g} klg Goflos k|s[ltsf] lg0f{o ubf{

Gofo;Dkfbg ug]{ lgsfo ;bf lgikIf

x'g'k5{ / x/]s kIfnfO{ k"0f{ / :jR5?kn] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ oy]i6 df}sf lbg' kb{5eGg] k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt xf] .Gofosf] ;f/e"t cfjZostf k|fs[ltsGofosf] l;4fGt ePsf] x'Fbf To;nfO{pk]Iff ug{ gx'g] .

§ s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo jfclwsf/Ln] s'g} lg0f{o ubf{ hj;Dd;DalGwt kIfnfO{ p;sf] lj?4df lg0f{oug'{ k"j{ k|lt/Iff ug]{ jf ;kmfO k]z ug]{k"0f{ cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] x'Fb}g o:tf] lg0f{ok|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtk|lts"n tyfab/of]Uo x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_§ cw{Goflos tj/n] lg0f{o ubf{ ;f]

lg0f{ojf6 c;/ kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf]s'/f eGg] plrt df}sf lbg'kg]{ / k|fs[ltsGofosf] l;4fGtsf] kfngf ug}{kg]{ x'G5 .s;}sf] ;DklQ ;DaGwdf lghsf] xs /lxtljk/Lt lg0f{o ug'{ eGbf klxn];DklQwf/snfO{ tyf ;f] lg0f{oaf6 c;/kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] s'/f eGg lbg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_

lgj]bssf] tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/bfxfn tyf clwjQmf lx/f /]UdL

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf 7f]sk|;fblzjfsf]6L / ljåfg clwjQmf dfwj j:g]t

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !!^-!_§ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v=§ c=a+= *^ g+=§ dfnkf]t P]g @)#$ sf] bkmf @$-!_, -@_

11971197119711971197

**&! - /TgsfhL dxh{g lj=clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;d]t

cfb]zGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_adf]lhd bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

sf=lh=,sf=d=g=kf=j8f g+= @@ sf] ls=g+=%@ sf] If]=km= )–^–!–@ hUuf xfdL lgj]bssfk/bftf g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff jfbL / tTsfnLg >L %sf] ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL ePsf] lg0f{o ab/ xssfod d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfcg';f/ pQm hUuf >L %sf] ;/sf/sf gfddf btf{ ug]{ @)$#.!.@$ sf]lg0f{o ab/ eO{ g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf gfddf sfodePsf] pQm ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf clGtdePsf] 5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] pQmkm};nf ab/ u/L ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf ;/sf/sf]sfod ul/kfpFm egL jfbL cJb'n ;nfd ldofFn]sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf cbfntdf lbPsf] km};nf ab/d'2f sf=lh=c=af6 ldlt @)%#.#.!( df /k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gaf6 ldlt @)%&.#.!$df jfbLsf] bfjL gk'Ug] km};nf ePsf] / ;DdfgLt;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.(.% df lg:;fgx'g] / ljkIfLsf] jfbL bfjL gk'Ug] u/L km};nfePsf] 5 . ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf ab/ul/kfpFm egL xfdL lgj]bssf k/bftf g/]Gb|ljqmd/f0ffsf lj¿4df k|B'Dg ljqmd /f0ff eGg] ljqmd/f0ffn] lbg' ePsf] km};nf ab/ d'2f ;d]tdflgh ljkIfLsf] bfjL gk'Ug] u/L ldlt @)^#.@.!$df km};nf eof] . To;} u/L clhd ldofF cG;f/Ln]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] ;f]xLkm};nf ab/ ug{ c=a+= *^ g+= cg';f/ lbPsf]km};nf ab/ d'2fdf klg lghsf] bfjL gk'Ug]km};nf ab/ gx'g] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^!.(.% df km};nf eO{ clGtd ePsf] 5 .

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfadf]lhd pQmls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf ldlt @)%#.%.@& sf] dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}F+sf] lg0f{on] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf]

btf{ sfod eO{ lghaf6 ;fljqL ltldlN;gf /e]if/fh g]pkfg]n] v/Lb u/L lnPsf] / lghx¿af6ldlt @)^!.!!.@^ sf] kf/Lt /fhLgfdf adf]lhdlgj]bs h'h'sfhL dxh{g / /TgsfhL dxh{gn]v/Lb u/L ls=g+= %@ af6 lsQfsf6 ePsf] ls=g+=!*$! / !*$@ sf] hUuf xfdL lgj]bssf gfddfbtf{ 5 . ljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] ldlt @)^$.!!.@$ sf] ph"/Lsf] cfwf/dfpQm hUufsf] xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] gfddf ePsf]btf{ ab/ u/L ;/sf/sf gfpFdf k"hf{ agfpg'egL lg0f{o u/]sf] / df=kf]=sf=n] pQm clVtof/sf]lg0f{onfO{ l;/fg xfnL xfdL lgj]bssf gfpFsf]btf{ ab/ u/]sf] 5 egL ;'g]sf]n] s] ePsf] /x]5egL ldlt @)^%.#.#! df gSsn ;f/L x]bf{ljkIfL cfof]un] @)^%.#.!& sf] lg0f{oadf]lhddf=kf]=sf= sf7df8f}+n] @)^%.#.@$ sf] lg0f{osfof{Gjog ug]{ af/]sf] kq, sf=d=g=kf=j8f g+=@@ sf] ldlt @)^%.#.@) sf] k|ltlqmof k7fPsf];DaGwL :ynut ;h{dLg ;+nUg kq / lhNnf;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] /fo ;DaGwL ldlt@)^$.!@.!& sf] kq ;d]t ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhk|df0fx¿sf] cfwf/df pk/f ]Qm adf]lhdsf=d=g=kf=j8f g+= @@ sf] ;flas ls=g+= %@ sf]xfn ls=g+= !*$! / !*$@ sf lsQf hUufx¿sf]dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf @$-@_ adf]lhdJolQmsf] ;|]:tf ab/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf;|]:tf k"hf{ k|bfg u/L lbg] 7x5{ . ;f] 7xgf{n]o; lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u, e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnotyf h'h'sfhL dxh{g / /TgsfhL dxh{gnfO{lbO{ ldl;n bfo/Lsf] nut s§f ug]{ lg0f{o u/Lsfof{GjogkZrft\ tfd]nL kmfF6df a'emfO{ lbg]eGg] pNn]v ePsf] /x]5 .

ljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] % k6s cbfntdf ljjfb k/L ;/sf/sf]xf]Og JolQmsf] xf] egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 clGtdkm};nf ePsf] s'/fdf clwsf/If]qljxLg / k|fs[lts

11981198119811981198


Gofosf] l;4fGtljk/Lt lg0f{o u/L lgb]{zg lbPsf]/ pQm sfg"gljk/Ltsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ l;/fg xfnLxfdL lgj]bssf gfdsf] btf{ ab/ ug]{ u/Ldf=kf]=sf=af6 lg0f{o ePsf], clVtof/sf] lgb]{zgsf]lg0f{opk/ klg k'g/fj]bg nfUg] / dfnkf]t P]g,@)#$ sf] bkmf @$-@_ sf] lg0f{opk/ dfnkf]tP]gsf] bkmf #! n] k'g/fj]bg nfUg]] ;d]t sfg"gLJoj:yf gePsf]n] cGo k|efjsf/L sfg"gLpkrf/sf] cefj /x]sf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfntsf]c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q u'xfg{ cfPsf 5f}+ . ljkIfLcfof]usf] ldlt @)^%.#.!& sf] lg0f{o, ;f] lg0f{osfof{Gjog ug{ n]v]sf] kq, df=kf]=sf=sf]@)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{o ljkIfL lhNnf ;/sf/LjsLn sfof{nosf] /fo, xfd|f] k"hf{ sf6L g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfpFdf agfPsf] wgLk"hf{nufot ;f];DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxL ab/ x'g'kg]{ cj:yf5 .

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #%u n] cfof]un] o;P]gadf]lhd sf/jfxL u/L lbPsf] cfb]zpk/k'g/fj]bg nfUg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] eP tfklgk|:t't ljjfbsf] ;Gbe{df ljz]if cbfntsf]k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/If]q cfs[i6 x'g ;Sb}g .lsgsL pQm bkmf #%u df o; P]gcGtu{tsf/jfxL u/L s;}nfO{ h/Ljfgf jf s'g} /sdc;"npk/ ug{ lbPsf] cfb]z jf cGo s'g}cfb]zpk/ k'g/fj]bg ug{ g;lsg] eGg] Joj:yf5 . k|:t't ljjfbdf h/Ljfgf jf /sd c;"npk/ug]{ jf To:tf] lsl;dsf] cfb]z ePsf] ca:yf5}g . ljz]if cbfntdf clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #%ucGtu{t k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Joj:Yff d"ntM ;f]xLP]gsf] bkmf !@s k|of]u u/L clwsf/If]q ePsf]ljifodf ePsf] lg0f{o cfb]z;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf]Ejusdem Generis sf] l;4fGt cg';f/ klgh/Ljfgf jf /sd c;"npk/ ug]{ jf o;} lsl;dsf]cfb]zpk/ dfq k'g/fj]bg nfUg] xf] .

o;}u/L clVtof/ b'?kfof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u P]gadf]lhd s'g} :ki6Ls/0f g;f]w]sf],;fj{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf JolQmnfO{ s'g} sf/jfxLgePsf], xfdL lgj]bsnfO{ ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf glbO{k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/LPstkmL{ lg0f{o u/]sf] clVtof/ b'?kfof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] lgb]{zgadf]lhd dfnkf]tsfof{non] ;f]xL lgb] {zgnfO{ l;/fg xfnL@)^%.#.@% df lg0f{o u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] lg0f{ocg';f/ePsf sfdsf/jfxLpk/ cGo j}slNks k|efjsf/Lpkrf/sf] af6f] gePsf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfnt;dIf of] l/6 lgj]bg k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ .

ctM dfly plNnlvt tYo tyf sfg"g;d]tsf cfwf/df ljkIfL lgsfosf] plNnlvtsfdsf/jfxL / lg0f{o ;d]taf6 xfdL lgj]bssf]sfg"gL xs / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f !@-#_-ª_ -r_, !# wf/f !( / !!^ sf]xs xgg\ ePsf]n] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhdpTk|]if0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L ljkIfL clVtof/b'?kfof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^%.#.!&/ ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] ldlt@)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{o / ;f] ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{sfdsf/jfxL ab/ u/L lgj]bssf gfpFdf;fljsadf]lhd btf{ ;|]:tf / wgLk"hf{ oyfjt\sfod /fVg' eGg] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] / lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0feP af6fsf ] Dofb afx ]s !% lbgleqdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no dfkm{t ljkIfLx¿nfO{;"rgf lbO{ lnlvt hjfkm k/]kl5 k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf @$-!_ n];/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQm ljz]ifsfgfddf btf{ jf cfjfb uf/pg x'Fb}g egL pNn]vePsf] / ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @$-@_ df s;}n] of]bkmf k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufl8 jf kl5 s'g}

11991199119911991199


;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQm ljz]ifsfgfddf btf{ u/L cfjfb u/]sf]df To:tf] btf{:jtM ab/ x'g]5 egL pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . t/g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf] 3/hUufg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ e} lghaf6 k'gMxs x:tfGt/0f eP/ xfn h'h'sfhL dxh{g //TgsfhL dxh{gsf] gfddf sfod ePsf] kfOof] .plNnlvt 3/ hUuf ;fj{hlgs Pj+ g]kfn;/sf/sf] x'Fbf JolQmsf gfddf /x]sf] btf{ ab/u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ug{ cfof]uaf6lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfg"g;Ddt x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljjflbt hUuf @)$# ;fndf ;e]{ gfkLx'Fbf ;d]t sf]xL JolQm ljz]ifsf gfddf btf{sfod ePsf] lkmN8a'snufotsf ;|]:tfaf6gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf lgj]bsn] d'2f hLt]sf] sf/0fn]dfq ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQmsfgfddf btf{ x'g g;Sg] dfnkf]t P]g, @)$# sf]bkmf @$-!_ sf] Joj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df ldl;n;+nUg ;a"b k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg / ljj]rgf u/Lo; sfof{noaf6 sfg"gL /fo ;Nnfx lbOPsf]x'Fbf pQm /fo ;Nnfx sfg"g;Ddt ePsf] / ;f]xLcfwf/af6 dfnkf]t sfof{non] pQm hUuf g]kfn;/sf/s} gfddf btf{ sfod x'g] u/L u/]sf]lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljjflbt hUuf clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^%.#.!& sf]lg0f{oadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}F+sf] ldlt@)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{on] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddfbtf{ e};s]sf] 5 . dfnkf]t P]g, @)$# sf] bkmf@$-!_ cg';f/ ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUufJolQm laz]ifsf gfpFdf btf{ jf cfafb ug'{ u/fpgx'Fb}g eGg] afWofTds Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . cfkm\gf]gfp+Fdf btf{ x'g'kg]{ egL bfjL u/]sf] hUuf ;/sf/sf]

gfpFdf btf{ ePsf] egL ljkIfLn] l/6 lgj]bgdfpNn]v ubf{ub}{ pk/f]Qm sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ pk]Iffu/L lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{nosf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgj]bssf] bfjLsf] Joxf]/fnfO{ x]bf{clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 ldlt@)^%.#.!& df plNnlvt hUufsf] btf{ ab/ ug]{egL lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f]xL cfwf/df dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}+af6 sfdsf/jfxL;Dd ePsf]b]lvG5 . l/6 lgj]bssf] ;DaGwdf o; dGqfnoaf6s'g} cf3ft k'Ug] sfd gePsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] e'ld ;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfdGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

dfnkf]t P]g @)#$ n] hUuf btf{ ug]{clwsf/ dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ lbPsf] / bkmf@$ sf] ljifoj:t' klg btf{ s} s'/f /x]sf]dfljjfb 5}g . o;/L bkmf @$-@_ cGtu{t dfnkf]tsfof{non] ldlt @)^%.#.@% ut] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfddf btf{ ug]{ u/L u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf & / * cGtu{tj}slNks pkrf/ tkm{ hfg' kg]{df l/6 If]q cfslif{tx'Fb}g . clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6ePsf] lg0f{opk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ clVtof/b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf#%u n] ljz]if cbfntnfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/If]q lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ljkIfLn] eg]em};+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!^ sf] ljk/Lt klg s'g}sfdsf/jfxL ePsf] 5}g . xs g} g/x]sf] ljkIfLsf]xsdf cf3ft k'Ug] s'/f cfpFb}g . dfnkf]tsfof{non] cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/cGtu{t sfg"gcg';f/ u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/ x'g] cj:yf 5}g .;/sf/L hUUff /x]sf] 3/ 6x/fnfO{ dd{t ub}{xfdLn] a:b} cfPsf] 3/ hUufdf cgflwsf/ cfkm\gf]xs /x]sf] eGg' sfg"gk|lts"n /x]sf] x'Fbf l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] g'/] cfnd / hdLncVt/sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

12001200120012001200


bfjLsf] ;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf] lkmN8a'ssf]s}lkmot dxndf æ# g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] ldlt@)#&.#.!$ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ kf6L 3/ ePsfn]>L % sf] ;/sf/sf gfddf c:yfoL btf{ ug]{eGg] lg0f{o ePsf]Æ egL pNn]v eO{ o;sfof{nosf] ldlt @)$#.!.@$ sf] lg0f{oaf6tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ;|]:tfk|dfl0ft ;d]t e};s]sf] cfwf/ k|df0f ;fy}clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt@)^).#.@$ sf] kq, lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLnsfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] ldlt @)^$.!@.!& sf] kq;d]tsf cfwf/df o; sfof{noaf6 ls=g+= !*$!/ !*$@ sf hUUffx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdfbtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] xf] . dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$sf] bkmf @$-@_ cg';f/ o; sfof{noaf6 k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] pQm lg0f{o ab/ x'g'kg]{xf]Og . ljkIfLsf] em"7f lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] lnlvthjfkm .

o;df o;} nufpsf] @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=)#@^ sf] km};nf ab/ d'2fdf cfh} o;Ohnf;af6 uDeL/ sfg"gL k|Zg ;dfa]z ePsf]x'Fbf k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 lg0f{o ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf]n];jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod#-!_-3_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug]{ cfb]zePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 klg ;f]xL d'2f;Fu cGt/k|efjLePsf]n] k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug'{ eGg] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.#.@^ sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bssf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/ bfxfntyf clwjQmf lx/f /]UdLn] ljjflbt ls=g+= %@sf] hUuf ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] km};nfadf]lhd lgj]bssf k/bftfg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf] /;f] km};nfnfO{ ab/ ug]{ dfu;lxt k/]sf] d'2fdf;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nf ab/ gx'g] egL ldlt

@)^!.(.% df lg0f{o eP/ clGtd /x]sf] cj:yfdfg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ eO{ lghaf6;fljqL ltldlN;gf / e]if/fh Gof}kfg]n] v/Lbu/L lnPsf] tyf lghx¿af6 lgj]bsx¿n] v/Lbu/L ef]urng u/L cfPsf] 3/ hUuf cbfntsf]clGtd km};nfnfO{ ;d]t lgliqmo kfg]{ u/L cfkm\gf]If]qflwsf/ gePsf] ljifodf k|fs[lts Gofosf]l;4fGtljk/Lt btf{ ab/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf btf{ ug'{ egL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{o / ;f]xL cfwf/df lgj]bssf]gfddf /x]sf] hUufsf] btf{ ab/ ug]{ dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{o ;d]t sfg"gljk/Lt x'Fbf lgj]bgbfjLadf]lhd l/6 hf/L x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] .ljkIfLsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf dfwja:g]tn] !($% ;fnsf] d]7aGbLdf plNnlvt;Ldfgf / clxn]sf] ;Ldfgf Ps cfk;df ldNb}g .ldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgf /@))!.!.@& sf] kf]tf c8\8fsf] gfpFdf ePsf];gbaf6 bfjLsf] 3/ hUUff ;/sf/L sfod e};s]sf]/ ljkIfLx¿n] & g+= kmfF6jf/L e/]sf] ;d]t b]lvFb}g .;f] 3/ hUufdf d';ndfg ;d'bfon] cgGtsfnb]lva;f]af; ul/cfPsf] cj:yfdf k|lts"n sAhf-Adverse Possession_ sf] cfwf/df ;d]tlgj]bssf] bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] x'Fbf ljjflbt hUufg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ug]{ u/L ePsf]clVtof/ b'?kof ]u cg';Gwfg cfof ]usf]lg0f{oadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o;d]t sfg"g;Ddt x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf7f]sk|;fb lzjfsf]6Ln] clVtof/ b'?kfof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]un] cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/cGtu{t/xL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]gsf]bkmf !@s adf]lhd n]lvk7fPcg'¿k dfnkf]tsfof{non] cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L u/]sf]lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{egL ax; ug'{eof] .

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ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax; lhsL/;'gL lgj]bg kq;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhftcWoog u/L lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og egL lg0f{o lbg' kg]{b]lvg cfof] .

l/6 lgj]bsn] sf=lh=,sf=d=g=kf=j8fg+= @@ ls=g+= %@ sf] If]=km= )–^–!–@ hUufxfdL lgj]bssf k/bftf g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff jfbL /tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL ePsf]lg0f{o ab/ xs sfod d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfcg';f/g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfddf btf{ ug]{ ldlt @)$#.!.@$sf] lg0f{o ab/ eO{ g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf gfddfsfod ePsf] tyf pQm ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf]km};nf ab/ ul/kfpFm egL c=j+= *^ g+= cg';f/jfbL cJb'n ;nfd ldofFn] lbPsf] km};nf ab/d'2fdf jfbL bfjL gk'Ug] egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6km};nf eO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;d]taf6 ;b/ eO{clGtd ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L chLd ldofFcG;f/Ln] klg ;f]xL ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfab/ ug{ c=j+= *^ g+= adf]lhd lbPsf] km};nfab/ d'2fdf klg km};nf ab/ gx'g] u/L ;jf]{Rrcbfnt;d]taf6 ldlt @)^!.(.% df clGtdkm};nf ePsf] 5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfadf]lhd bfjLsf] pQm ls=g+=%@ sf] hUuf dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt@)%#.%.@& sf] lg0f{on] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] sfodeO{ lghaf6 ;fljqL ltldlN;gf / e]if/fhg]pkfg]n] v/Lb u/L lnPsf] tyf lghx¿af6ldlt @)^!.!!.@^ df xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] v/Lbu/L lsQfsf6 ePsf] ls=g+= !*$! / !*$@ sf]hUuf xfd|f] gfddf btf{ 5 . pQm hUUff ljkIfLclVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] xfdLnfO{k|ltjfbsf] df}sf ;d]t glbO{ btf{ ab/ u/L;/sf/sf gfpFdf k"hf{ agfpg' egL lg0f{o u/]sf]/ dfnkf]t sfof{non] pQm clVtof/sf] lg0f{onfO{cfwf/ dfgL xfdL lgj]bssf gfpFsf] btf{ ab/

u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf ;|]:tf k"hf{ agfpg]lg0f{o u/]sf]n] pQm hUufsf] ljifodf cbfntdfljjfb k/L k6s k6s ;/sf/sf] xf]Og JolQmsf]xf] egL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;d]taf6 clGtd km};nfePsf] s'/fdf clwsf/If]qljxLg / k|fs[lts Gofosf]l;4fGtljk/Lt lg0f{o u/L lgb]{zg lbPsf] / pQmsfg"gljk/Ltsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 ePsf] sfdsf/jfxL / lg0f{o ;d]taf6xfdL lgj]bssf] sfg"gL / ;+j}wflgs xs xggePsf]n] ljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kfof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] ldlt @)^%.#.!& sf] / ljkIfL dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] ldlt @)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{o/ ;f] ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxL ab/ u/Llgj]bssf gfpFdf ;fljs adf]lhd btf{ ;|]:tf /hUuf wgL k|df0f k"hf{ oyfjt\ sfod /fVg' eGg]k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL /x]sf]dfg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf] 3/hUufg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ e} lghaf6 k'gMxs x:tfGt/0f eP/ lgj]bsx¿sf gfddf sfodePsf] plNnlvt 3/ hUuf ;fj{hlgs Pj+ g]kfn;/sf/sf] hUuf x'Fbf JolQmsf gfddf /x]sf] btf{ab/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ug{cfof]uaf6 lbPsf] lgb]{zg / ;f] lgb]{zg adf]lhd;/sf/sf] gfddf ePsf] btf{ ;d]t sfg"g;DdtePsf] eGg] k|ToyL{x¿sf] lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf]kfOG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ l/6 lgj]bsn]bfjL u/]sf] ls=g+= %@ sf] If]=km= )–^–!–@ hUuf;e]{ gfkLsf] cj:yfdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddfldlt @)$#.!.@$ df btf{ eO{ :jfldTjsf;DaGwdf ljjfb p7]kl5 lgj]bsx¿sf k/bftfg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff jfbL / tTsfnLg >L % sf];/sf/ k|ltjfbL eO{ rn]sf] lg0f{o ab/ xssfod d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 pQmhUufsf ] g ]kfn ;/sf/sf gfddf ldlt@)$#.!.@$ sf] lg0f{o ab/ eO{ g/]Gb|ljqmd/f0ffsf gfddf btf{ sfod x'g] u/L ldlt

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@)%@.&.@@ df km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]km};nfpk/ pQm d'2fsf] k|ltjfbL >L % sf];/sf/sf] sfg"gsf] Dofbleq k'g/fj]bg gk/L ;f]km};nf clGtd ePsf]df pQm km};nf ab/ u/Lls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf ;/sf/sf] sfod ul/kfpFmegL c=j+= *^ g+= sf] cfwf/df jfbL cJb'n;nfd ldofFn] km};nf ab/ d'2f bfo/ u/]sf]dfjfbL bfjL gk'Ug] 7x/L ePsf] km};nf ;jf]{Rrcbfntaf6 ;d]t ;b/ eO{ clGtd eP/ a;]sf]b]lvG5 . tTkZrft csf]{ JolQm clhd ldofFcG;f/Ln] c=a+= *^ g+= cg';f/ k'gM ;f]xL km};nfab/ ul/kfpFm egL d'2f lbPsf]df jfbLbfjLadf]lhd km};nf ab/ gx'g] egL k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 km};nf eO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ;d]tk'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f ;d]t gx'g] u/L clGtd/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; k|sf/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfcg'¿kbfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]ldlt @)%#.%.@& sf] lg0f{on] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf]gfddf btf{ eO{ lghaf6 tx–tx laqmL x'Fbflgj]bsx¿n] v/Lb u/L xfn lghx¿sf] btf{ /xsef]udf /x]sf] eGg] tYo k|df0fdf cfPsf km};nfab/ d'2fsf ldl;nx¿ tyf cGo ldl;n ;+nUgsfuhft;d]taf6 b]lvg cfpF5 .

#= o;/L ljjflbt ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf;e]{ gfkLsf] ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddfbtf{ eO{ ;|]:tf sfod ePsf]df ;f]pk/ ljjfbp7L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf sfod /x]sf] btf{ab/ eO{ g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] xs sfod x'g] u/Lk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf]df ;f] km};nfd'2fsf] kIf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bg gk/LclGtd /x]sf] t/ ;f]xL clGtd km};nf ab/sf]nflu k6s–k6s laleGg JolQmx¿sf] cbfntdfd'2f k/L pQm km};nf ab/ ug'{ gkg]{ egL ;jf]{Rrcbfnt ;d]taf6 km};nf eO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf g} clGtdePsf] / ;f]xL km};nfsf] cfwf/df g/]Gb|ljqmd

/f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ ;|]:tf sfod eO{ lghn];fljqL ltldlN;gf / e]if/fh g]pkfg]nfO{ laqmLu/L lghx¿af6 ldlt @)^!.!!.@^ df oLlgj]bsx¿n] v/Lb u/L ls=g+= %@ af6 lsQfsf6eO{ ls=g+= !*$! / !*$@ sf hUuf oLlgj]bsx¿sf] gfddf sfod e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 .JolQmsf] gfpFdf /x]sf] ;f] hUufsf] btf{ ab/ u/Lg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ug{' egL ljkIfLclVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] lg0f{otyf ;f] cfwf/df dfnkf]t sfof{no ;d]taf6lg0f{o eO{ l/6 lgj]bssf] gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ePsf]n] ;f] lg0f{ox¿sfg"g;Ddt gePsf]n] ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bsx¿sf] d'Vo bfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]ldlt @)^%.#.!& sf ] pQm lg0f {o x ]bf {ælgj]bsx¿sf gfddf btf{ /x]sf] ls=g+= !*$!/ !*$@ sf] hUuf ldlt @)$#.!.!$ df tTsfnLg>L % sf] ;/sf/sf gfddf hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ag]sf] kfOof] . dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf@$-!_ n] ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQmljz]ifsf gfddf btf{ jf cfafb ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}gegL pNn]v ePsf] / ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @$-@_ dfs;}n] of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' eGbf cl3 jf kl5 s'g};fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf JolQm ljz]ifsfgfddf btf{ u/L cfafb u/]df To:tf] btf{ :jtMab/ x'g]5 egL pNn]v ePsf] eGg] cfwf/dflgj]bsx¿sf] gfddf sfod /x]sf] btf{ ab/ u/L;ft lbgleq g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf sfodu/L hUuf wgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk cfof]udfk7fpg dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}F+nfO{ lgb]{zglbg]Æ eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .

%= oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] gfddf bfjLsf]ls=g+= !*$! / !*$@ ;fljs ls=g+= %@ af6lsQfsf6 eO{ cfPsf] / pQm ls=g+= %@ sf;DaGwdf l/6 lgj]bssf bftfsf bftfg/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff / tTsfnLg >L % sf]

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;/sf/aLr ;f] hUufsf] btf{ / :jfldTjsf;DaGwdf cbfntdf d'2f k/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] clGtd km};nfsf]cfwf/df ldlt @)%#.%.@& df dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{oaf6 lgh g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf]gfddf cfPsf] / lghaf6 tx–tx xs x:tfGt/0fx'Fb} oL l/6 lgj]bssf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 .k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] pQm km};nfpk/ ;f] d'2fsf]kIf tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Dofbleqk'g/fj]bg ug{ g;s]sf] / ;f] km};nf ab/u/fpg tyf ;/sf/L hUuf sfod u/fpgg;s]af6 pQm hUufdf ;/sf/sf] xs :jfldTjg/xL JolQmsf] xs :jfldTjsf] hUuf /x]sf]:ki6 5 . ;f] km};nfpk/ ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bggk/] klg cGo JolQm cJb'n ;nfd ldofF tyfclhd ldofFsf] c=a+= *^ g+= adf]lhd km};nfab/df 5'§f5'§} gfln; k/]sf]df ;f] km};nf ab/gx'g] 7x/L ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;d]taf6 clGtdkm};nf ePsf]af6 klg k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] pQm @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfaf6 ;fljsls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf ;/sf/L hUuf /x]sf] eGg]geO{ JolQmsf] hUuf /x]sf]df ljjfb ug]{ cj:yfx'Fb}g .

^= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]ldlt @)^%.#.!& sf] lg0f{o / lg0f{o k|lqmofsf]j}wflgstfsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ cfof]usf]lg0f{on] lgj]bsx¿sf k/bftf g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffjfbL / tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/ k|ltjfbLePsf] lg0f{o ab/ xs sfod d'2fdf k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf /;f] km};nf ab/sf nflu cJb'n ;nfd ldofFtyf clhd ldofF cG;f/Ln] lbPsf] km};nf ab/d'2faf6 km};nf ab/ gx'g] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6ePsf] clGtd km};nf ;d]tnfO{ k|efjxLg /lgliqmo u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

&= s'g} cbfnt ;flwsf/ lgsfo jfGoflos clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g] /

cbfntsf] ;f] lg0f{o d'2fsf kIfx¿nfO{ dfGgs/ nfUg] Joj:yf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf !(-!_ df ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qmd'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntnufotdftxtsf cbfntsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{o ;a}n]kfngf ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !!^-!_ df ul/Psf]5 . o;af6 cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ d'2fsfkIfnufot ;a}nfO{ dfGg s/ nfUg] ;+j}wflgs /sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] km};nfnfO{cdfGo ug]{ clwsf/ k|ToyL{ clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]unufot s;}nfO{ x' Fb}g .cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] cfwf/ /k|lqmofadf]lhd dfq ab/ u/fpg ;lsg] x'G5 /;/sf/ :jo+n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] pQm@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfnfO{ k'g/fj]bg lbO{ ab/u/fpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ca cGo tl/sf /dfWodaf6 jf cGo s'g} lgsfoaf6 jf :jo+;/sf/af6 ;flwsf/ / ;Ifd cbfntsf]km};nfnfO{ ab/ ug{ jf cdfGo ug{ sfg"g;+utgx'g] / dfGo x'g g;Sg] x'G5 .

*= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v= sf] Joj:yfadf]lhd;fj{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrtsfo{ u/]sf] 7x/ ePkl5 ;f] cg'lrt sfo{af6pTkGg b'ikl/0ffd k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd;Rofpgsf nflu ljkIfL cfof]un] bkmf !@v=adf]lhd n]vL k7fpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . t/ s'g}clwsf/k|fKt cbfnt jf ;Ifd lgsfon]sfg"gadf]lhd u/]sf] lg0f{ocg'¿k dfnkf]tsfof{non] Psk6s JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ u/]sf]lg0f{onfO{ cbfnt eGbf klg ;zQm / c;fwf/0fIf]qflwsf/ u|x0fu/L pTk|]if0f k|s[ltsf] cfb]zhf/L ug{] clwsf/ k|ToyL{ cfof]unfO{ ljBdfgsfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvFb}g .

(= ;f ]sf ] cltl/Qm cbfntsf ]km};nfadf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf gfddf btf{ sfod

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/x]sf] hUuf lghnfO{ cfˆgf] k|ltjfb ug{ /k|df0f k]z ug{sf] nflu ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf ;d]tglbO{ k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt pNn+3g x'g] u/LljkIfL cfof]un] lg0f{o u/]sf] eGg] lgj]bssf]syg 5 . lgj]bssf] ;f] sygnfO{ cGoyf xf]tyf lgj]bsx¿sf] gfdsf] btf{ cGTo ug'{ cl3lghx¿nfO{ ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbPsf] lyof] egLk|ToyL{x¿n] ;k|df0f v08g ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .

!)= s'g} klg Goflos k|s[ltsf] lg0f{oubf{ Gofo;Dkfbg ug]{ lgsfo ;bf lgikIfx'g'k5{ / x/]s kIfnfO{ k"0f{ / :jR5 ?kn];'g'jfO{ ug]{ oy]i6 df}sf lbg' kb{5 eGg] k|fs[ltsGofosf ] l;4fGt xf ] . Gofosf ] ;f/e"tcfjZostf k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt ePsf]x'Fbf To;nfO{ pk]Iff ug{ x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotfGoflos If]qdf ljsl;t / :yflkt eP/ /x]sf]5 . k|To]s d'2fdf d'2fsf kIfx¿nfO{ ;'g'jfO{x'Fbf cfˆgf] s'/f eGg] / k|lt/Iff ug]{ df}sfjf6jl~rt ug'{ x'Fb}g . h;sf] xs / lxtdf k|lts"nc;/ kg]{ u/L lg0f{o ul/G5 ;f] JolQmnfO{cfˆgf] s'/f eGg] tyf tT;DaGwL k|df0f k]zug]{ df}sf lbg' kb{5 . cyf{t\ x/]s JolQmnfO{p;sf] lj?4sf] ph"/L, tT;DaGwL k|df0fnufot;a} s'/fx¿sf jf/]df yfxf lbO{ To; ;DaGwdfk|lt/Iff ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug'{' kb{5 . s'g}cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] s'g}lg0f{o ubf{ hj;Dd ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ p;sf]lj?4df lg0f{o ug'{ k"j{ k|lt/Iff ug]{ jf ;kmfOk]z ug]{ k"0f{ cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] x'Fb}g o:tf]lg0f{o k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt k|lts"n tyfab/of]Uo x'G5 .

!!= cw{Goflos tj/n] lg0f{o ubf{ klg;f] lg0f{ojf6 c;/ kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] s'/feGg] plrt df}sf lbg' kg]{ / k|fs[lts Gofosf]l;4fGtsf] kfngf ug}{kg]{ x'G5 . s;}sf] ;DklQ;DaGwdf lghsf] xs / lxt ljk/Lt lg0f{o ug'{eGbf klxn] ;DklQwf/snfO{ tyf ;f] lg0f{oaf6

c;/ kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] s'/f eGg lbg'kg]{k|fs[lts Gofosf] d"ne"t cfwf/ xf] . ;DklQdfcf3ft x'g] JolQmnfO{ gj'emL u/]sf] lg0f{o k|fs[ltsGofosf] l;4fGtljk/Lt eO{ ab/efuL x'G5 .

!@= s'g} ;fj{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf]JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] 7x/ ePkl5 ;f]cg'lrt sfo{af6 pTkGg b'ikl/0ffd k|rlntsfg"gadf ] lhd ;Rofpgsf nflu cfb]zlbg];Ddsf] clwsf/ ljkIfL cfof]usf] ePsf] eGg]k|ToyL{sf] lnlvt hjfkmaf6 b]lvG5 t/ g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfdjf6 g/]Gb|ljqmdsf] gfddf ljjflbthUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ s'g} clwsf/Ln] cg'lrtsfo{ u/]sf] lyof] egL cfˆgf] cg';Gwfgaf6k|dfl0ft u/]sf] / To; tkm{ s'g} k|of;;Ddu/]sf] b]lvFb}g .

!#= ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf g/]Gb|ljqmd/f0ffsf] gfddf btf{ ubf{ dfnkf]t sfof{non]s'g} k|zf;sLo lg0f{oaf6 jf cfkm"df lgxLt/x]sf] sfg"gL clwsf/cGtu{t /xL lg0f{o u/]sf]geO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] clGtd km};nfcg';f/ btf{ u/]sf] / cbfntsf]km};nf ab/ geP;Dd tyf ;f] km};nfsf]cl:tTj sfod /x];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf o;sfs'g} lgsfo tyf k|ToyL{ cfof]u ;d]tn] ;f]km};nfk|lts"n s'g} lg0f{o ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g .k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] pQm ldlt @)%@.&.@@sf] km};nf clGtd /x]sf] tyf c=a+= *^ g+= sf]cfwf/df cGo JolQmx¿n] k6s–k6s km};nfab/ u/L kfpg lbPsf] gfln;sf] cfwf/df;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;d]taf6 klg ;f] km};nf ab/x'g g;s]sf] tyf bfjLsf] ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufdfg]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs sfod x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;d]taf6 ePsf]clGtd km};nfnfO{ lgliqmo / k|efjz"Go kfg]{lsl;dn] ;f] km};nfx¿ k|lts"n x'g] u/L tyfpQm hUufdf xfn :jfldTj u|x0f ug]{ oL l/6lgj]bsx¿nfO{ ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf ;d]t glbO{

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k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtljk/Lt lg0f{o u/]sf]b]lvPsf]n] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgsf] ;f]lg0f{o ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf]If]qflwsf/leq /x]/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;fy} dfnkf]tsfof{non] cl3 ldlt @)%#.%.@& df k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nfcg'¿k;/sf/sf] xssf] hUuf g/x]sf] / JolQm ljz]ifsf]hUuf egL g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddf btf{u/]sf] s'/f cfˆgf] ;|]:tfaf6 b]lvO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdftyf k6s–k6s ;f] hUuf tx tx ljqmL eO{xs x:tfGt/0f ;d]t eO{ :jo+n] btf{ gfd;f/Lu/L cfPsf] ls=g+=!*$! / !*$@ sf] hUufclVtof/ b'?kof ]u cg';Gwfg cfof ]usf]clwsf/ljxLg lg0f{osf] cfwf/df btf{jfnf l/6lgj]bsx¿sf] btf{ ;dfKt u/]sf] tyf ;f] ubf{lghx¿nfO{ ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf glbPsf] ;d]tsfg"gk|lts"n b]lvPsf] :ki6 5 .

!$= t;y{, ljj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0faf6ljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt Pj+ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;d]taf6ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf ;/sf/sf] xssf] geO{JolQm ljz]ifsf] xssf] /x]sf] egL k6s k6sePsf] km };nfx¿ k|lts"n x'g ] u/L ;f ]km};nfx¿nfO{ k|efjxLg Pj+ z"Go ug]{ u/Lclwsf/ljxLg ?kdf ldlt @)^%.#.!& df u/]sf]lg0f{o / ;f]xL lg0f{osf] cfwf/df ljkIfL dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}+n] ;DalGwt btf{jfnf oLl/6 lgj]bsx¿nfO{ j'‰b} gj'emL k|ltjfbsf] df}sfglbO{ k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt k|lts"n l/6lgj]bssf] gfpFsf] btf{ ab/ u/L ;/sf/sf]gfddf btf{ ug]{ u/]sf] ldlt @)^%.#.@% sf]lg0f{onufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxLx¿af6lgj]bsx¿sf] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdf cf3ft k'u]sf]b]lvPsf]n] ;f] lg0f{ox¿ ;d]t pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn]ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . ca ;fljsadf]lhd lgj]bssfgfpFdf ls=g+= !*$! / !*$@ sf] hUufsf] btf{;|]:tf / hUufwgL btf{ k|df0f k"hf{ oyfjt

sfod /fVg' eGg] k|ToyL{ dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]gfddf k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L ljkIfLnfO{ lbO{ ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L j'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=ts{/fh e6[

df=Gof=tflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] /foo;df bfjLsf] ;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf]

hUuf ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf / ;f]xL cg';f/ dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt@)%#.%.@& sf] lg0f{on] g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf] gfddfbtf{ eO{ lghaf6 ;fljqL ltldlN;gf / e]if/fhg]pkfg]n] v/Lb u/L lnPsf / lghx¿af6 ldlt@)^!.!!.@^ df xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] v/Lb u/LlsQfsf6 ePsf] ls=g+= !*$! / !*$@ sf] hUufljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]xfd|f gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L ;/sf/sf gfpFdf k"hf{agfpg' egL lg0f{o u/]sf] / dfnkf]t sfof{non]pQm clVtof/sf] lg0f{onfO{ cfwf/ dfgL xfdLlgj]bssf gfpFsf] btf{ ab/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf ;|]:tf k"hf{ agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]n] ljkIfLclVtof/ b'?kfof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt@)^%.#.!& / ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf]ldlt @)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{o / ;f];DaGwL ;Dk"0f{sfdsf/jfxL ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bsx¿sf]d'Vo bfjL /x]sf] 5 . lgj]bsx¿n] cfˆgf] bfjLsf]k'i6\ofO{+ ug]{ k|df0fsf] ?kdf g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ff jfbL/ tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL ePsf]lg0f{o ab/ xs sfod d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf / ;f] km};nfab/sf nflu kl5 cJb'n ;nfd ldofF tyf clhdldofF cG;f/Ln] lbPsf] km};nf ab/ d'2fdf km};nfab/ gx'g] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;d]taf6 ePsf]km};nfnfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf] b]lvG5 .

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;f] ;DaGwdf o;} nufpsf] d'2f g+=)^*–DF–)))$ sf] km};nf ab/ d'2fdf ljjflbthUufdf ldlt @))).!@.!! sf] v8\u lgzfgfn]/f Fuf v;L jf ]sf ;d]tsf ] Jofkf/ ug] {d';ndfgx¿nfO{ pQm lajflbt ls=g+= %@ sf]6x/f 3/, hUufdf j;L ef]u rng ug]{ cg'dtLk|bfg u/]sf] / lghx¿ j;];Dd p7fpg gkfpg]/ jxfn klg glng] u/L v8\u lgzfgf ePsf]b]lvG5 . o;jf6 pQm )^*–DF–)))$ sf] d'2fsfjfbL ljjflbt 3/ hUufdf @))) ;fn cl3b]lvg}} j;f]jf; u/L ef]u ub}{ cfPsf] tYodf ljjfbb]lv+b}g . o;sf cltl/Qm ldl;n ;+nUg ckLnt];|f kmfF6sf] ldlt @)!^.(.@* sf] km};nfdf@))) ;fnsf] v8\u lgzfgfdf d';ndfgx¿j;];Dd jxfn lng' kb} {g c? a:g cfPP]gadf]lhd jxfn lng] s'/fsf] v8\u lgzfgfePsf]n] wd{zfnf xf] eGg] s'/f ge} d';ndfgx¿j;] ;Dd jxfn glng] c? a:g cfP jxfn lng]s'/f b]lvPsf] pNn]v ub}{ v8\u lgzfgfadf]lhdljjflbt 3/ hUufdf d';ndfgx¿ a:g / ef]uug{ kfpg] xs 5 egL pNn]v eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n];f] hUufdf xf]ldof]k]lys c:ktfn agfpg gkfpg]u/L ePsf] km};nf clGtd eP/ j;]sf] 5 .zx/L gfkLdf ls=g+= %@ sf] hUufwgL >L % sf];/sf/ / s}lkmotdf v;L Jofkf/ ug] {d';ndfgx¿ j;]sf] eGg] # g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/faf6@)#& ;fndf ePsf] lg0f{opk/ d'2f k/L@)$).!!.!! df ePsf] tTsfnLg dWodf~rnIf]qLo cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f/ ;d]t x'g] u/Lg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf ldlt @)$!.@.( dfc:yfoL btf{ / ldlt @)$#.!.!$ sf] dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{on] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf pQmhUuf :yfoL btf{ ePsf] /x]5 . dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] ldlt @)$#.!.!$ sf] ;f]xL lg0f{oab/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)%@.&.@@ sf] km};nf xbDofbljxLg bfjLsf]cfwf/df / clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 u/L ePsf]n]

sfg"gadf]lhd gePsf] eGg] b]lvP tfklg To;dfa;f]af; ug]{ ljkIfLdWo]sf g'/ cfnfd ;d]tsf]ef]uflwsf/df pQm km};nfn] c;/ gk/]sf]n] ;f]km};nf ab/ gx'g] eg];Dd o; Ohnf;sf dfggLoGofofwLzx¿sf] ax'dtsf] /fo;Fu d]/f] ;d]t;xdlt /x]sf] 5 . ;f] km};nfdf 5'§} lg0f{ofwf/klg n]v]sf] 5' .

ca o; l/6 lgj]bgdf ab/ ul/kfpFmegL dfu ul/Psf] ljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kof]usf]ldlt @)^%.#.!& / dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]@)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{osf] j}wflgstf ;DaGwdfljj]rgf u/L lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] . pQm dWo]ljkIfL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]@)^%.#.!& sf] lg0f{o x]bf{ ;f=ls=g+= %@ sf] 3/hUuf ;fj{hlgs Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xf] .JolQmsf] btf{ vf/]h u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfodul/kfpFm egL g'/] cfnfd ;d]tsf] ph"/L dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}+df k/]sf] / dfnkf]t P]gsf]bkmf @$-!_-@_ adf]lhd JolQmsf] gfdsf] btf{sf]nut s§f u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf sfodug{ egL :ki6 /fo k|bfg ul/;s]sf] . cfof]udf;d]t ;f]xL ljifodf ph"/L k/L cfof]usf]clws[taf6 k]z ePsf] :ynut lg/LIf0fk|ltj]bgdf æpQm 3/ hUufdf xfn klg dflyNnf]tnfdf dl:hb / tNnf] tnfdf ;fj{hlgs k|of]ueO{ ;f] 3/ hUuf ;fj{hlgs k|s[ltsf] b]lvgcfPsf] 5Æ eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;/Lv8u lgzfgf tyf ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf] ldlt@)!^.(.@* sf] km};nf ;d]tsf] cfwf/ k|df0faf6lj=;+= @))) ;fn k"j{b]lvg} d';ndfgx¿n];fj{hlgs ?kdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] 3/ hUufg]kfn ;/sf/sf] /x]sf] k|i6 x'g cfPsf]n] ;d]tJolQmsf gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L & lbgleq g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfddf sfod u/L btf{ k|df0f k"hf{agfpg' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/f cfof]usf] lg0f{odfpNn]v 5 . ;f]nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfO{ dfnkf]tsfof{non] @)^%.#.@% df oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf]

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gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{sfod u/]sf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb 5}g .

o; ;Gbe{df dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf]bkmf @$ / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@ v x]g'{ cfjZos x'gcfpF5 . ;j{k|yd dfnkf]t P]gsf] bkmf @$ x]bf{æ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf btf{ ug{ jf cfafbug{ gx'g]Æ eGg] zLif{scGtu{t pkbkmf -!_ dfæ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQm ljz]ifsfgfddf btf{ jf cfjfb ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}gÆ eGg]Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pkbkmf -@_ df æs;}n]of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' eGbf cl3 jf kl5 s'g};/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQm ljz]ifsf]gfddf btf{ u/L cfjfb u/]sf]df To:tf] btf{:jtM ab/ x'g]5 . To:tf] hUufsf] JolQm ljz]ifsfgfpFdf /x]sf] btf{ nut ;d]t dfnkf]t sfof{nojf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] clwsf/Ln] s§f ug]{5ÆeGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf-#_ n] ;/sf/L hUuf / ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;DalGwtdfnkf]t sfof{non] btf{ u/L tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]clen]v cBfjlws /fVg'kg]{5 .Æ eGg] klg pNn]vul/Psf] 5 . pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds v08df;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] k|of]usf] ;DaGwdf;/sf/n] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] ljz]if k|fjwfg klg/flvPsf] 5 .

o;/L dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf @$sf] Joj:yf cfkm}df k"0f{ (Self-content) /x]5 .o; bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ n] ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/LhUuf JolQm ljz]ifsf gfddf btf{ jf cjfb ug'{u/fpg' x'Fb}g egL JolQm / ;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]bfloTj lgwf{l/t u/]sf] 5 . hals o; sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] ljk/Lt ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUufJolQm ljz]ifsf gfddf btf{, cfjfb u/], u/fPdfTo:tf] btf{ ab/ ug]{ / ;f]xLadf]lhd clen]vcBfjlws /fVg] ;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf] clwsf// bfloTj pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ n] lgwf{l/t u/]sf5g\ . of] bfloTj k"/f ug]{ / clwsf/sf] k|of]u

ug]{ dfnkf]t sfof{no cfkm}n] xf] . t/ bfloTjk"/f ug'{ jf clwsf/ k|of]u ug'{ egL cGo JolQmjf lgsfon] eGb} df pQm bfloTj jf clwsf/;+s'lrt x'g jf lgliqmo x'g ;Sb}g .

o;} l/6 lgj]bgsf] nufpdf /x]sf] )^*–DF–)))$ df ljjflbt ;f=ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf;/sf/L hUuf xf] . lj=;+= @))) ;fnsf] v8\ulgzfgf, @))! ;fnsf] ;gb / @)!^ ;fnsf]ckLn t];|f] kmfF6sf] km};nf / @)$).!!.!! sf]dWodf~rn If]qLo cbfntsf] km};nfn] pQms'/fsf] k'li6 ug'{sf ;fy} To;df @))) ;fncl3b]lv v;L Jofkf/ ug]{ d';ndfgx¿sf]ef]uflwsf/ /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t :jLsf/ u/]sf]egL d]/f] lg0f{ofwf/df lj:t[t ljj]rgf eO{ g};s]sf] 5 . ;flas ls=g+= %@ sf] hUuf oL l/6lgj]bsx¿sf bftfsf] bftf g/]Gb|ljqmd /f0ffsf]gfddf jf lghsf] afa' jf afh]sf] gfddf btf{ jfef]u sfod g/x]sf] eGg] ;d]tsf tYout ljj]rgf/ @)%@.&.@@ sf] sfg"gljk/Lt ePsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gL JofVof;d]t pQm )^*–DF–)))$ sf] km};nf ab/d'2fsf] lg0f{ofwf/df eO{ g} ;s]sf] 5 .

dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf @$ n]s'g} ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQm ljz]ifsfgfpFdf btf{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] s:tf] cj:yfdf ;f]btf{ ab/ x'g] / s:tf] cj:yfdf ;f] btf{ ab/gx'g] eGg] k"jf{j:yf jf zt{ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5}g .o;sf] tfTko{ s] xf] eg] s'g} JolQm ljz]ifn] s'g};/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf gfkLsf] dfWodaf6jf 5"6 hUuf btf{sf] dfWodaf6 jf cbfntsf]km};nfsf] dfWodaf6, h] h'g dfWodaf6 btf{u/fPsf] eP klg bkmf @$ cg';f/ To:tf] btf{ab/ x'g]5 . s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L jf;fj{hlgs hUuf s;}sf] gfddf btf{ u/]sf], s'g}b'O{ JolQm d'2f u/L, u/fO{ ePsf] km};nfaf6 btf{u/], u/fPsf] jf :jod\ ;/sf/nfO{ kIf agfO{d'2f u/L km};nf ePsf] / ;f]pk/ ;/sf/L

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clwsf/Lsf] nfk/afxL jf ldn]dtf]n] k'g/fa]bggu/]af6} s'g} sfg"gljk/Ltsf] To:tf] km};nfsf]cfwf/df ePsf] JolQmsf gfdsf] btf{ sfod /xg;Sb}g . To:tf ;a} btf{ ;d]t pQm bkmf @$cg';f/ dfnkf]t clws[tn] ab/ ug]{ sfg"gLJoj:yf xf] . o;/L of] Joj:yf s'g} zt{ jfcj:yfsf] clwgdf (Conditional) /x]sf] 5}g .;f]xL clwsf/ k|of]u ub}{ JolQm ljz]if oL l/6lgj]bsx¿sf] gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L ;/sf/sf]gfddf btf{ u/L clen]v cBfjlws /fVg] u/]sf]dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] @)^%.#.@% sf] lg0f{odfs'g} ;f/jfg jf k|lqmofut sfg"gsf] q'l6 ljBdfg/x]sf] b]lvPg . sfg"gadf]lhdsf] pQm lg0f{oaf6oL lgj]bssf] sfg"gL xsdfly c;/ k/]sf] jfkg]{ cj:yf ;d]t b]lvg cfpFb}g .

ca clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] @)^%.#.!& sf] lg0f{osf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{;fljs ls=g+=%@ sf] lajflbt 3/ hUufdf JolQmljz]ifsf] gfdsf] btf{ ab/ ug]{;DaGwL sf/jfxL@)^$ ;fnb]lv dfnkf]t sfof{nodf ljrf/fwLgcj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . o; ;DaGwdf dfnkf]tsfof {non] ;/sf/L jsLnsf ] /fo klg@)^$.!@.!& df lnOPsf] b]lvG5 . cGo cfjZossf/jfxL ;d]t ub}{ u/] klg cfˆgf] bfloTj ;dod}k"/f gu/]sf] sf/0f bzf{O{ ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] ph"/LclVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf k/L ;f]cfof]uaf6 ;d]t 5fgaLg eO{ pQm lg0f{o ePsf]b]lvG5 . clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v n] æ;fj{hlgs kbwf/0fu/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf] cg'lrt sfo{af6 pTkGgb'ikl/0ffd k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;Rofpgsfnflu cfof]un] ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]Æ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

;/sf/L hUuf s'g} JolQm ljz]ifn] cfˆgf]gfddf s]xL u/L btf{ u/fPsf] 5 eg] ;f] btf{ab/ ug]{ / ;/sf/sf] gfddf nut cBfjlwsug'{kg]{ dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] bfloTj / clwsf/

xf] . ;fljs ls=g+= %@ sf] pQm 3/ 6x/f hUufg]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s :yn eLd;]g:tDe jfw/x/fsf] klZrd tkm{sf] xf] . o:t} ;f]xL If]q;Fuhf]l8Psf] k"j{ tkm{sf] 6'l8v]nsf] s]xL efu xf];\jf s'g} klg ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs hUuf xf];\JolQm ljz]ifsf] gfddf s]xL u/L btf{ x'g' /To:tf] btf{ sfod /xg' cfkm}df u}/sfg"gL sfo{xf] . ;f] ;Rofpgsf nflu s'g} JolQm lgsfo jfkbflwsf/Ln] eGg' jf n]vL k7fpg' cfkm}dfu}/sfg"gL sfo{ x'g ;Sb}g .

klxnfb]lv JolQm ljz]ifsf gfddflgla{jfb gfkL btf{ sfod /xL cfPsf]df ;f]btf{ ab/ u/L ;/sf/sf] gfddf nut /fVg'egL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]lg0f{o u/]sf] 5}g . clkt' krf;f}+ aif{ cl3b]lv@)!^ sf] ckLn t];|fsf] km};nf / @)$) sf]If]qLo cbfntsf] clGtd km};nfcg';f/ ;/sf/L:jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddf gfkL btf{;d]t sfod eP/ /x]sf] hUuf sfg"gljk/LtJolQm ljz]ifsf gfddf bftf{ eP u/]sf] sfo{af6b]lvPsf] b'ikl/0ffd x6fpg ;f] cfof]un] pQmlg0f{o ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fPsf]xf] . o;/L ;/sf/L hUufdf /x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf]u}/sfg"gL btf{ ab/ u/L k"j{jt ;/sf/L sfodug'{ egL clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]u/]sf] s'g} lg0f{o klg o; cbfntaf6 ab/ePsf] 5}g . lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] ljj]sk|of]u u/L lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ xf] . lgb]{lzt lg0f{oug'{ x'Fb}g . o;df s'g} ljjfb 5}g . t/ o;sf]cf8df JolQm ljz]ifsf gfddf ;/sf/L ;DklQsf]u}/ sfg"gL btf{n] j}wflgstf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g .o; cbfntaf6 sfod ePsf / lgj]bs kIftkm{af6 ax;df b]vfOPsf s'g} klg ghL/k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;Gbe{df cfslif{t x'g]cj:yfsf] 5}g . s;}sf] lhDd]jf/L / clwsf/k|ltWofgfsif{0f u/fPaf6} s;}n] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/Lk"/f ug{ gkg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf x'g ;Sb}g .

12091209120912091209

**&@ - hub]j rf}w/L ;d]t lj=;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ ;d]t

To:tf] x'g] u/L o; cbfntsf km};nfx¿sf]JofVof ug{ ldNb}g . ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgshUuf JolQm ljz]ifsf] gfpFdf btf{ ePsf] /x]5eg] dfnkf]t P]gsf] bkmf @$ k|of]u u/L dfnkf]tsfof{non] hlxn] klg ab/ ug{ kfpF5 . o;dfs'g} z+sf jf låljwf 5}g . ;f]xL s'/f ljkIfLcfof]un] eGb}df dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] pQmclwsf/ ;Lldt lgliqmo x'g jf dfnkf]tsf]lg0f{o cj}w x'g ;Sb}g . ljkIfL cfof]usf]lg0f{onfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] cg]sdWo] Pp6flg0f{ofwf/sf] ?kdf dfq lnPsf] 5 .

o;/L clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] @)^%.#.!& df lg0f{o ug'{ eGbf w]/}klxnfb]lv ;fljs ls=g++= %@ / xfnsf] ls=g+=!*$! / !*$@ sf] 3/ hUufdf ePsf] JolQmsfgfpFsf] u}/sfg"gL btf{ ab/ ug]{ ;DaGwL sf/jfxLdfnkf]t sfof{nodf rnL /x]sf]Ù dfnkf]tsfof{non] cGo hfFr a'em / sf/jfxL ub}{ u/]sf]cj:yfdf ljkIfL cfof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{oaf6 dfqdfnkf]t sfof{nosf] sf/jfxL / ldlt @)^%.#.@%sf] lg0f{o k|efljt jf lgb]{lzt ePsf] eGg' jfdfnkf]t sfof{non] sfg"gljk/Lt lg0f{o u/]sf]eGg] cy{ ug{ ldNg] cj:yf 5}g . cfˆgf] sfg"gLbfloTj ;dod} k"/f gu/]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfsfg"gadf]lhdsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ nufpg]u/L clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@v cg';f/ clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]un] @)^%.#.!& df u/]sf] lg0f{osfg"gljk/Lt g/x]sf]n] To;af6 / ;f] lg0f{onfO{;d]t cfˆgf] lg0f{ofwf/ agfPsf] dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{oaf6 klg oL lgj]bsx¿sf] sfg"gLjf ;+a}wflgs xs lxtdf ljk/Lt c;/ k/]sf]eGg] b]lvg cfPg .

t;y{, plNnlvt cfwf/ sf/0faf6 ljkIfLclVtof/ b'?kfof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt@)^%.#.!& sf] lg0f{o / ;/sf/L hUuf JolQmljz]ifn] cfˆgf] gfpFdf u/fPsf] btf{ ab/ ug]{

u/L dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}+n] u/]sf] ldlt@)^#.#.@% sf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt /x]sf]n] ;f]ab/ ug{ egL lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ug'{kg]{ b]lvPg . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] 7x5{ . o; Ohnf;sf b'O{hgf dfggLoGofofwLzx¿sf] jx'dt /fo;Fu ;xdt x'gg;s]sf]n] of] cfˆgf] 5'§} /fo n]v]sf]] 5' . ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L j'emfO{ lbg" .

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ !$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L

lg0f{o g+= **&@ lg0f{o g+= **&@ lg0f{o g+= **&@ lg0f{o g+= **&@ lg0f{o g+= **&@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

l/6 g+=)^*–WS–))%^cfb]z ldltM @)^(.$.!!.%

ljifoM– pTk]|if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM ;nf{xL lhNnf, v}jf{ uf=lj=;=j8f g+=% a:g] clwjQmf hub]j rf}w/L ;d]t

lj?4k|ToyL{M ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ sf7df8f}F ;d]t

§ ;+ljwfgn] ljwflosfnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf]ljwflosL clwsf/If]q gf3L jf ;+ljwfgsf]bfo/feGbf aflx/ uO{ sfg"g lgdf{0f u/]sf]ca:yfdf dfq s'g} klg sfg"gnfO{c;+j}wflgs sfg"gsf] ;+1f lbO{ ab/3f]lift ug{ ldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

&&&&&

12101210121012101210


§ ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf / cfjZostfcg';f/sfg"g agfpg] sfo{ ljwflosL sfo{ ePsf]n]To;sf] Goflos k|lt:yfkg ug{ gldNg] .

§ ljwf losfn ] /f i6 « / ;dfhsf ]cfjZostfcg';f/ tTsfn gu/L gx'g]clt h?/L sfo{ klg ;Dkfbg gu/L;+ljwfgk|bQ cfk\mgf ] bfloTjk|ltpbf;Lgtf b]vfPsf] sf/0f ;fj{hlgshLjgdf hl6ntf pTkGg ePsf], /fHo;~rfngdf ;d:of b]vf k/]sf] tyf;j{;fwf/0fn] cgfjZos b'Mv / x}/fgLJoxf]g'{ k/]sf] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf]cj:yfdf afx]s ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf]lgj]bgaf6 ;txL ?kdf ljwflosfnfO{s'g} s'/fsf] Goflos lgb]{z ul//xg'zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGt ;d]tsf]b[li6sf]0faf6 plrt / dgfl;a gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ ;+j }wflgs lgsfosf ] d 'Vo sfd

sfo{kflnsfsf] :j]R5frf/Ltfdf cÍ'znufpFb} hjfkmb]xL agfpg] / d'n'sdf;'zf;g sfod ug]{ xf] . To;}n] o:tflgsfodf lgo'lQm ul/g] JolQmx¿ s'g}jfb, l;4fGt, If]qLotf, hftLotf cflbs'/fx¿;Fu lgs6 /x]sf] sf/0fn] eGbfklg ltgdf lgxLt /x]sf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf,lgikIftf, Odfgbfl/tf, lgeL{stfljz]if1tf h:tf j:t'lgi7 u'0f / rl/qsfcfwf/df rog ul/g' kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_§ ;DalGwt kbdf /xL sfo{;Dkfbg ug{

cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf, bIftf, lg:kIftf,Odfgbfl/tf, lgeL{stf / ljz]if1tf h:tfu'0fx¿ gePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;dfj]zLtfsfgfddf To:tf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ldNg]u/L lgo'lQmsf] å}w of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug{gldNg] .

§ ;dfj]zLtfsf gfpFdf of]Uotf / Ifdtfg} gePsf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ eGg];+ljwfgsf] cfzo / dd{ gePsfn];+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/L rogsf]cfwf/ Ps ju{sf gful/snfO{ Pp6f /csf]{ ju{sf gful/snfO{ 5'§} ?kdflgwf{/0f ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_

lgj]bs tkm{af6Mk|ToyL{ tkm{af6Mljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]b

kf]v/]ncjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f @! / !)#-@_, !@@-%_, !@%-#_,-^_, !@*-%_, !#!-!_-s_, -v_, !#*,!$(, !$(-!_, -#_

§ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo, clwsf// sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf]bkmf %, %-@_

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& -!_ / -@_adf]lhd o; cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M–

xfdL lgj]bsx¿ sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ?kdfsfo{ u/L cfPsf ;r]t gful/s ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg/ sfg"gsf] kfngf ug]{ u/fpg] xfd|f] k|yd bfloTjxf] . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdfb]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}lËs;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgful/g] ;+sNk ul/Psf] 5 . wf/f $ df ul/Psf]/fHosf] kl/efiffdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] l;4fGtcjnDag ul/g] s'/f pNn]v 5 . To:t} wf/f !#

12111211121112111211

**&@ - hub]j rf}w/L ;d]tlj=;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ ;d]t

sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSofFzaf6 klg ;dfj]zLk|ltlglwTj x'g kfpg] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf]5 . wf/f @! n] cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfsb[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L,hghflt, dw]zL ;d'bfo, pTkLl8t ju{nfO{;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf];+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsx'g] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f#* / lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] a"Fbf #=% df;d]t of] ljifo ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

t/ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo,clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf]bkmf % df plNnlvt ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgljk/Ltdlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL,cNk;+Vos d';ndfg, zf/Ll/s ?kn] czQm,lk5l8Psf] ju{ ;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/fpg]u/L lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/zsf] Joj:yf gu/] gu/fPsf]x'Fbf ;f] k|fjwfg ;+ljwfgsf] dd{, efjgf tyfp2]Zok|lts"n ePsf]n] ab/efuL 5 .

cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#!-@_ df/fli6«o dfjg clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf]lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf;lxt ljljwtf sfod ug'{kg]{Joj:yf u/L ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL cjwf/0ffcg'¿kn] Joj:yf ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 . t/ cGo;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] lgo'lQmdf eGg] To:tf] s]xLpNn]v gePsf]n] ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] Joj:yf pQmP]gdf ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

ctM ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Llgo'lQm ubf{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ sfg"gLJoj:yf clgjfo{ ?kdf nfu" ul/g' kg]{df ;+j}wflgskl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwLP]g, @)^^ sf] bkmf % ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @! /!#* ;d]tsf] k|lts"n ePsf]n] wf/f !)&-!_adf]lhd pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lgo'lQml;kmfl/z ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlwx¿df;+zf]wg u/L cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, dlxnf,zf/Ll/s ?kdf czQm, cNk;+Vos d';ndfg,

lk5l8Psf] ju{, blnt ;d'bfo ;d]taf6 plrtk|ltlglwTj u/L ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;kmfl/zug'{ kg]{5 egL clgjfo{ Joj:yf nfu" u/fpg'egL wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd ljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdfk/dfb]z nufot pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], ljkIfLx¿af6lnlvt hjfkm dufO{ cfPkl5 lgodadf]lhdljz]if Ohnf;df k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]o; cbfnt Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ePsf]cfb]z .

GofofwLz tyf ljleGg ;+j}wflgslgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQmsf nflu s] s:tf]of]Uotf jf zt{ x'g'k5{ eGg] ljifodf ;+ljwfgdfg} :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} kbsf] nflu;+ljwfgdf g} k|i6 ?kn] of]Uotf tyf zt{x¿tf]lsPsf x'G5g\ eg] To;nfO{ k"0f{ dflgG5 .;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ /sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf] bkmf % sf]pkbkmf -@_ df kl/ifb\n] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhds'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ubf{lghsf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f, pRr g}lts rl/q,Odfgbfl/tf lgh k|ltsf] hgefjgf tyf lghn]klxn] u/]sf] ;]jf / k]zfut cg'ej ;d]tnfO{ljrf/ ug'{kg]{5 eGg] Joj:yf 5 . pQm s'/fx¿s'g} gofF of]Uotf jf zt{ geO{ ;+ljwfgn] tf]s]sf]of]Uotfdf :jtM cGt/\lgxLt /xg] :jfefljss'/fx¿ x'g\ . tL s'/fx¿ ;+ljwfg / sfg"gdfpNn]v gePklg l;kmfl/z jf lgo'lQm ubf{ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿ x'g\ . ;+j}wflgs lgsfosfkbx¿df ;Dej eP;Dd ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjul/g'kb{5 / To;df g]kfn ;/sf/ ;b}a ;r]t/ k|oTgzLn klg 5 . ;dfj]zL cfwf/df lgo'lQmx'Fb} cfO/x]sf] cj:yf klg xf] . ;+ljwfgn] tf]s]sf]of]Uotf tyf zt{x¿sf] clwgdf /xL ;+j}wflgskbx¿df ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj ug{ s'g} sfg"gn]cj/f]w u/]sf] klg 5}g . pQm P]g s;}nfO{ xs

12121212121212121212


clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ ;f/jfg sfg"g geO{ sfo{ljlwsfg"g dfq ePsf]n] ;f] sfo{ljlw sfg"gaf6sf]xL s;}sf] xs, clwsf/ xgg\ x'g] egL dfGgldNb}g . ctM pQm bkmf % sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f @! / !#* k|lts"n /x]sf] dfGg g;lsg]x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no Pj+ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf]tkm{af6 d'Vo ;lrj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]n] k]zu/]sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

Goflos k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bgdfJoj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnonfO{ k|ToyL{agfpg' cgfjZos /x]sf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgk|yd b[li6df g} vf/]hefuL 5 . To;df klg;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/zdf lgo'Qm x'g]ljleGg ;+j}wflgs kbsf] nflu cfjZos of]Uotf;+ljwfgn] g} :ki6 ?kdf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 .P ] gn ] l;k m f l /z ub f { ckgfpg ' kg ] {sfo{ljlw;Dd pNn]v u/]sf] cj:yf xf] .;+j}wflgs kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu pRr g}ltsrl/q x'g'kg]{ zt{ ;+ljwfgn] g} :ki6 u/]sf]5 . s'g} of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQmdf ;fdflhsk|lti7f, Odfgbfl/tf, lgh k|ltsf] hgefjgftyf lghn] klxn] u/]sf] ;]jf tyf k]zfutcg'ej ;d[4 lsl;dsf] /x]5 eg] To:tftTjx¿n] of]Uo JolQmnfO{ cem k|efjsf/Lagfpg] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . cflbjf;L, hghflt,dw]zL, dlxnf, zf/Ll/s ?kdf czQm,cNk;+Vos d';ndfg, lk5l8Psf] ju{, blnt;d'bfosf JolQmTjx¿df o:tf tTjx¿ ljBdfgx'g} ;Sb}g eGg] klg xf]Og . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f@! / !#* /fHon] afWofTds ?kn] kfngfug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\n]klg To;sf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ :jtM :ki6 5 .t/ P]gsf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] pQm wf/fx¿;FuaflemPsf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . ctM k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]

Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf tkm{af6 k]zePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

g]kfn ;/sf/ -sfo{ ljefhg_ lgodfjnL,@)^$ adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ ;DaGwL ljifoo; dGqfnosf] sfo{If]q leqsf] ljifo gePsf]x'Fbf o; dGqfnonfO{ ;d]t ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ul/Psf] l/6 lgj]bg lg/y{s 5 . P]gsf] bkmf %sf] Joj:yfn] ;dfj]zL?kn] lgo'lQmsf] nflul;kmfl/z ug{ /f]s gnufPsf] / pQm Joj:yf;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @! / !#* sf] Joj:yf k|lts"ngePsf] tyf ;+ljwfgsf] dd{ / efjgf ljk/Lt;d]t gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tlgj]bgdf lgj]bs tkm{af6 sf]xL klg pkl:ytgePsf] / ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L ljgf]bkf]v/]nn] pQm P]gsf] k|fjwfg ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] eGg] lgj]bg bfjL 5}g . ;dfj]zLJoj:yf pNn]v x'g'kg]{df ;f] ePg eGg] cfwf/dfdfq sfg"g ab/ x'g ;Sb}g . To;df klg pQmP]g :jtGq P]g geO{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !$(cg';f/ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] sfdsf/jfxLJojl:yt ug]{ k|of]hgn] ag]sf] P]g ePsf] x'Fbflgj]bg vf/]h ul/g' kb{5 egL ug'{ ePsf] ax;;'gL l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf] kmfon cWoog u/Lx]bf{ lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{xf], xf]Og < eGg] ljifodf g} lg0f{o lbg'kg]{b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\-sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g,@)^^ sf] bkmf % n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @! / !#*;d]tsf] k|fjwfgljk/Lt dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;Lhghflt, dw]zL, cNk;+Vos d';ndfg, zf/Ll/s?kn] czQm, lk5l8Psf] ju{ ;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTjug]{ u/fpg] u/L lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ug{{] Joj:yf

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**&@ - hub]j rf}w/L ;d]t lj=;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ ;d]t

gu/] gu/fPsf] x'Fbf ;f] bkmf % ab/ u/L pk/f]Qmju{ / ;d'bfo ;d]tsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L ;dfj]zL l;kmfl/z ug'{kg]{5 eGg] clgjfo{Joj:yf nfu" u/fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddfk/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t lgj]bssf]d'Vo lgj]bg dfu /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ToyL{ k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]tsf] lnlvthjfkm x]bf{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf]lgo'lQmsf nflu ;+ljwfgdf g} of]Uotf tf]lsPsf]/ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ /sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf] bkmf %-@_ n]s'g} gofF of]Uotf jf zt{ tfs]sf] geO{ ;+ljwfgn]tf]s]sf] of]Uotfdf :jtM cGt/\lgxLt x'g] :jfefljsljifo pNn]v u/]sf];Dd xf] . ;f] P]g s;}nfO{xs clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ u/L ag]sf] ;f/jfgsfg"g geO{ kl/ifb\sf] sfdsf/jfxL Jojl:ytug{ ag]sf] sfo{ljlw sfg"g;Dd ePsf] sf/0faf6;d]t pQm k|fjwfg ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] gx'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t lhsL/lnPsf] kfOG5 .

#= pk/f]Qm lgj]bg dfu / lnlvt hjfkmlhsL/sf] ;Gbe{df k|ydtM lgj]bsn] ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] eg]sf] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo,clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf]k|fjwfg b[li6ut ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;f] sfg"gg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!$( sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf] eGg]dfljjfb 5}g . ;f] wf/f !$( sf] pkwf/f -!_ df;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgo'lQmsf]l;kmfl/z ug{ Pp6f ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ /xg]Joj:yf ePsf] kfOG5 . To:t} wf/f !$( sf]pkwf/f -#_ df ;+j}wflgs cËsf kbflwsf/Lsf]lgo'lQm;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf]cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlwsfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhd x'g]5 eGg] pNn]vePsf ] b ] lvG5 . ; + ljwfgsf ] pk/f ]Q mk |fjwfgcg'¿k ;+j }wflgs kbflwsf/Lsf ]

lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z;DaGwL sfo{ljlw / ;+j}wflgskl/ifb\sf] sfdsf/jfxL Jojl:yt ug]{ k|of]hgsf]nflu ;f] P]g agfOPsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/fdf s'g}låljwf x'g'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvFb}g .

$= To;df klg pQm P]gsf] k|:tfjgfx]bf { , ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf ]lgo'lQm;DaGwL sfo{ljlw tyf ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf]sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw ;DaGwdfsfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ af~5gLo ePsf]n] ;f] P]gagfOPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . P]gsf] k|:tfjgfdfpNn]v ePsf] pQm Joxf]/faf6 klg ;f] P]g;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf] of]Uotf /;]jfsf zt{ lgwf{/0f ug{ agfOPsf] ;f/jfgk|s[ltsf] sfg"g geO{ To:tf kbflwsf/Lsf]lgo'lQm;DaGwL k|lqmof Jojl:yt ug{ / ;+j}wflgskl/ifb\sf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw;'lglZrt ug{ agfOPsf] sfo{ljlwut sfg"g;Ddxf] eGg] b]lvG5 .

%= o;sf cltl/Qm ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\n]lgo ' lQmsf ] l;kmf l/z ug ] { ; +j }wf lgskbflwsf/Lx¿sf] of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] ;DalGwt wf/fx¿df g} tf]lsPsf]b]lvG5 . ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/zdf lgo'Qmx'g] k|wfg GofofwLzsf] of]Uotf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !)#-@_ df tf]lsPsf] 5 . To;}u/L clVtof/b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] k|d'v cfo'Qm /cfo'Qmsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf wf/f !!(sf] pkwf/f -%_ df tf]lsPsf] b]lvG5 . ;fy}dxfn]vf k/LIfs, nf]s;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf /;b:o lgjf{rg cfof]usf] k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm/ cfo'Qmx¿ tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usfcWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] of]Uotf qmdzM wf/f !@@-%_, wf/f !@%-#_ / (^_, wf/f !@*-%_ / wf/f!#!-!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df tf]lsPsf] x'Fbf;+ljwfgdf g} :ki6 ?kdf of]Uotf tf]lsPsf]ljifodf sfo{ljlw;DaGwL P]gdf s'g} yk of]Uotftf]ls/xg' kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t b]lvb}+g .

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^= ca, lgj]bsn] r'gf }tL lbPsf];+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ /sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf] bkmf % sf]Joj:yf x]/f}+ . pQm bkmfsf] zLif{s g} ælgo'lQmsf]nflu l;kmfl/z ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlwÆeGg] pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . bkmf zLif{saf6};f] bkmfdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotftf]lsPsf] geO{ l;kmfl/z ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{sfo{ljlw tf]lsPsf] af]wuDo g} 5 . pQm bkmfsf]cGt/\j:t' x]l/Pdf klg pkbkmf -!_ df kl/ifb\n]s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] s'g}kbflwsf/Lsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/zubf{ To:tf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;+ljwfg tyfk|rlnt sfg"gdf pNn]v ePsf] of]Uotf tyfpko'Qmtfsf] sf/0f / cfwf/ ;d]t :ki6 ?kdfpNn]v ug'{ kb{5 eGg] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . To:t} pkbkmf -@_ df kl/ifb\n] pkbkmf-!_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQmsf] nflul;kmfl/z ubf{ lghsf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f, pRrg}lts rl/q, Odfgbfl/tf, lgh k|ltsf] hgefjgftyf lghn] klxn] u/]sf] ;]jf / k]zfut cg'ej;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{kg]{5 eGg] pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]vePsf] s'/fn] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ubf{ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ k|lqmof / pkbkmf -@_ n] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ljifox¿nfO{ OFlut u/]sf] kfOG5 . lgj]bsn]lhsL/ u/] h:tf] cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL,dlxnf, lk5l8Psf] ju{, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo jfd';ndfg ;d]tnfO{ l;kmfl/z ug{ gkg]{ u/Ls'g} zt{ aGb]h nufPsf] jf To:tf] ju{ jf;d'bfodf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf]kbflwsf/Ldf lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ cof]Uox'g] u/L cof]Uotf sfod u/]sf] ;d]t s'g}cj:yf / cfwf/ b]lvg cfpFb}g .

&= lgj]bg bfjLsf] d'Vo cfzo ljjflbtsfg"gdf pNn]v ul/Psf] s'g} sfg"gL Joj:yf;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] (Ultravires) eGg] geO{

s'g} cd's s'/f pNn]v gul/Psf] sf/0fn];+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . cyf{t\ljjflbt sfg "gn] ; +j }wflgs lgsfosfkbflwsf/Lsf ] lgo'lQmsf ] l;kmfl/z ubf {;dfj]zLtfsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cjnDag ug'{ gkg]{Joj:yf u/]sf] sf/0f ;f] bkmf % ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] eGg] geO{ ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/dflgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ul/g]5 eGg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{df;f] gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @! ;d]t;FuaflemPsfn] ab/ ul/kfpFm egL pNn]v u/]sf]b]lvG5 .

*= j:t'tM ;+ljwfgn] ljwflosfnfO{k|bfg u/]sf] ljwflosL clwsf/If]q gf3L jf;+ljwfgsf] bfo/feGbf aflx/ uO{ sfg"g lgdf{0fu/]sf] ca:yfdf dfq s'g} klg sfg"gnfO{c;+j}wflgs sfg"gsf] ;+1f lbO{ ab/ 3f]liftug{ ldNb5 . lgj]bsx¿n] Doctrine of ultravires

;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs ljlwzf:qsf] o; cfwf/e"tl;4fGtsf] ;fdfGo x]Ssf ;d]t g/fvL sfg"gdfx'Fb} gePsf] Joj:yf ab/ ug{ dfu u/]sf]b ] lvPsf]n] ;fj{hlgs ;/f ]sf/sf ] ljjfbcbfntdf k|j]z u/fO{ ;:tf] nf]slk|otf xfl;nug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvof] . ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf];fdfGo l;4fGtk|lt klg Gofo ug{ g;Sg]JolQmn] JolQmut :jfy{ / af}l4s nx8afhLaf6h:tf;'s} ljjfbnfO{ cbfntdf k|j]z u/fpg];f]rn] cbfntsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;dosf] aaf{bLdfq x'g] geO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljlwzf:qLodfGotf / cEof; g} ljs[t aGg k'Ug] x'Fbfo:tf] sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ x'Fb}g . ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd ;+ljwfg;Fu s'g} sfg"gaflemPsf] eP ;f] xb;Dd c;+j}wflgs 3f]if0ffug{ dfu ug{ ;lsg] xf] . o:tf] l:ylt gePdfwf/f !)&-!_ sf] Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g] cj:yfg} /xFb}g .

(= hxfF;Dd ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQmsf]

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**&@ - hub]j rf}w/L lj=;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ ;d]t

l;kmfl/z ul/g' kg]{ Joj:yf P]gdf ;dfj]zug'{ egL k/dfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ eGg] lgj]bgdfu /x ]sf ] 5, ; + ljwfgsf ] efjgf /cfjZostfcg';f/ sfg"g agfpg] sfo{ ljwflosLsfo{ ePsf]n] To;sf] Goflos k|lt:yfkg ug{ldNb}g . ljwflosfdfkm{t\ ug' {kg] { s'/fdflgj]bsnufotn] To:tf] lgsfo dfkm{t g} cfk\mgf]dfusf] ;Daf]wg u/fpg]tkm{ k|of; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .ljwflosf jf sfo{kflnsfn] lgoldt ?kdf ug'{kg]{jf ug{ ;Sg] s'/fx¿df cbfntn] ;b}a x:tIf]kug]{ cj:yf /xFb}g / of] plrt klg xf]Og .ljwflosfn] /fi6« / ;dfhsf] cfjZostfcg';f/tTsfn gu/L gx'g] clt h?/L sfo{ klg ;Dkfbggu/L ;+ljwfgk|bQ cfk\mgf] bfloTjk|lt pbf;Lgtfb]vfPsf] sf/0f ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf hl6ntfpTkGg ePsf], /fHo ;~rfngdf ;d:of b]vfk/]sf] tyf ;j{;fwf/0fn] cgfjZos b'Mv /x}/fgL Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ul/Psf]cj:yfdf afx]s ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] lgj]bgaf6;txL?kdf ljwflosfnfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] Gofloslgb]{z u/L /xg' zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGt;d]tsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 plrt / dgfl;a x'Fb}g .

!)= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hf/Lx'g'sf] k[i7e"ld / ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgf, wf/f !#-#_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSofFz wf/f @!, wf/f ##sf] v08 -3_, -3!_ / wf/f #% sf] pkwf/f -!$_;d]tsf] kl/k]|Iodf /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ c+u /lgsfox¿df lk5l8Psf ju{, If]q / hfthfltsfdflg;x¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrtul/g' :jfefljs / ck]lIft s'/f xf] . o;df/fHosf lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f x'g' kb{5 .t/ lgj]bsn] r'gf}tL lbPsf] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\-sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g,@)^^ sf] ljjflbt bkmf % df plNnlvt s'g}klg s'/f ;+ljwfgsf] pk/f]Qm Joj:yfk|lts"ntyf cfklQhgs b]lvFb}g . pQm bkmfdf lgj]bsn]dfu u/]sf] ;dfj]zLtfsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ug'{kg]{

eGg ] zJb gkb} {df ;+ljwfgsf ] cIf/ /efjgfk|lts"n lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ug'{ k5{ jfTo:tf] lgo'lQmstf{ / l;kmfl/zstf{nfO{ To:tf]5"6 5 egL eGg / ;Demg ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgsf]dd{ / efjgfcg'¿k sfd ug{sf] nflu pQm bkmf% sf] Joj:yfn] cg'lrt k|ltaGw nufPsf] jf5]s]sf] nufot s'g} k|lts"n cj:yf b]lvFb}g .d"ntM lgo'lQmstf{ / l;kmfl/zstf{n] cd's;+j}wflgs lgo'lQmsf] ;Gbe{df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ dfq ;f] bkmfdf pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . ;f] k|lqmof cjnDag ubf{ ;+ljwfg /k|rlnt sfg"gsf] of]Uotfsf] k|;Fu pNn]vul/Psf]af6 s'g} ju{ jf ;d'bfosf JolQmnfO{afwf cj/f]w k'u]sf] ;Demg' kg]{ b]lvFb}g .

!!= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] d'Vo sfdsfo{kflnsfsf] :j]R5frf/Ltfdf cÍ'z nufpFb}hjfkmb]xL agfpg] / d'n'sdf ;'zf;g sfodug]{ xf] . To;}n] o:tf lgsfodf lgo'lQm ul/g]JolQmx¿ s'g} jfb, l;4fGt, If]qLotf, hftLotfcflb s'/fx¿;Fu lgs6 /x]sf] sf/0fn] eGbf klgltgdf lgxLt /x]sf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf, lgikIftf,Odfgbfl/tf, lgeL{stf ljz]if1tf h:tf j:t'lgi7u'0f / rl/qsf cfwf/df rog ul/g' kb{5 .cyf{t\ /fHodf pknAw gful/sx¿dWo] ;a}b[li6sf]0faf6 of]Uotd\ 7xl/Psf JolQmnfO{ o:tflgsfodf lgo'lQm ug]{ ;+oGq, k4lt / ;+:sf/sf]ljsf; ug{ ;s] dfq ;+j}wflgs lgsfo u7gsf];+j}wflgs p2]Zo xfl;n x'g ;Sb5 .

!@= lgj]bsn] ;dfj]zLtfnfO{ ;+j}wflgslgsfosf kbflwsf/L lgo'lQmsf] cfwf/ agfpgdfu u/]sf 5g\ . t/ ;DalGwt kbdf /xLsfo{;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf, bIftf,lg:kIftf, Odfgbfl/tf, lgeL{stf / ljz]if1tfh:tf u'0fx¿ gePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;dfj]zLtfsfgfddf To:tf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ldNg] u/Llgo'lQmsf] å}w of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug{ ldNb}g .;dfj]zLtfsf gfpFdf of]Uotf / Ifdtf g} gePsf]

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JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ eGg] ;+ljwfgsf] cfzo/ dd{ klg xf]Og . To;}n] ;+j}wflgs lgsfosfkbflwsf/L rogsf] cfwf/ Ps ju{sf gful/snfO{Pp6f / csf]{ ju{sf gful/snfO{ 5'§} ?kdflgwf{/0f ug{ ldNb}g . ;+ljwfgn] lglb{i6 u/]sf]of]Uotf ePsf] / ;dfj]zL ju{df kg]{ JolQmnfO{;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm ubf{;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\n] j]jf:tf ug'{kg]{ s'g} sf/0fb]lvFb}g eg] To:tf] u/]sf] s'g} cd's b[i6fGtlgj]bsn] k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf klg 5}g .dgf]ut / sfNklgs ts{sf cfwf/df l/6 hf/Lx'g ;Sb}g .

!#= t;y{ pk/f]Qm ljZn]if0f ;d]tsf]cfwf/ sf/0faf6 ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf]lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ubf{ ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{u/L ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ -sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ /sfo{ljlw_ ;DaGwL P]g, @)^^ sf] bkmf % dfpNn]v ePsf s'/fx¿ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]s'g} klg Joj:yf;Fu aflemPsf] cj:yf gb]lvPsf]/ To:tf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/z ubf{ cGo s] s:tfljifox¿ yk ul/g' kb{5 eGg] s'/f ljwflosfsf]ljwflosL sfo{If]qcGtu{tsf] ljifo ePsf] x'FbftTsfn lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug'{kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPg . ctM k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf]nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{lbg" .

pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{Gof=k|f=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ;fpg !! ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– gf/fo0fk|;fb ;'j]bL

lg0f{o g+= **&# lg0f{o g+= **&# lg0f{o g+= **&# lg0f{o g+= **&# lg0f{o g+= **&#

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tLdfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

d'2f g+=M@)^*–CF–)))%,)))^,)))&,)))*km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@*

d'2fM– 7uL .

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= $ a:g]uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL

lj?4k|ToyL{÷jfbLM lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn

;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lh=df]/ª, lj/f6gu/ pk-

dxfgu/kflnsf !^ a:g] zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{lj?4

k|ToyL{÷jfbLM lzkk|;fb l/hfnsf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !^ a:g]dx]z rfkfufO{

lj?4k|ToyL{÷jfbLM lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] hflx/Ln] g]kfn

;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !% a:g]czf]sh+u /f0ff eGg] czf]sk|tfk /f0ff

lj?4k|ToyL{÷jfbLM lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn

;/sf/&&&&&

12171217121712171217

**&# - uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

z'? km};nf ug]{ Mdf=Gof=>L 7fs'/k|;fb zdf{

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{ Mdf=Gof=>L 8Da/axfb'/ zfxLdf=Gof=>L ;To/fh u'?Ë

§ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L k|ltjfbL x'g] ljlQs}To:tf d'2fsf] lkm/fb jf cleof]u kqk'g/fj]bg cbfntdf bfo/ ul/g'kg]{ cy{ug{ gldNg] .

§ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] st{Jokfngsf];Gbe{df u/]sf] sfo{af6 p7]sf] d'2fsf]zL3| lg0f{o xf];\ eGg] ljlwstf{sf] clek|foc=j+= @( sf] b]xfo * gDa/sf] xf] .;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;+/If0f / ;'ljwfsf]k|aGw ug]{ of] sfg"g cfk/flws sfo{sf]/Iffsar aGg g;Sg] .

§ Pp6f JolQmsf] ;DklQ cs}{ gSsnL JolQmv8f u/L x:tfGt/0f u/fpg] sfo{nfO{c8\8f;DaGwL sfd s'/f dfGg g;lsg] .

§ c8\8f;DaGwL sfdsf] kl/lwdf gkg]{sfo{af6 pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdsf] efuL;DalGwt sd{rf/L j}olQms ?kdf g}x'g'kg]{ .

§ 7uLhGo sfo{ s'g} klg c8\8f;DaGwLsfd x'g ;Sb}g, g t s'g} ;/sf/Lsd{rf/Lsf] kbLo st{Jokfngfleq 7uLug]{ sfo{ g} kb{5 . To;}n] k|:t't d'2fsfs]xL k|ltjfbL ;/sf/L sd{rf/L /x]sf]eGg] dfq cfwf/df k|:t't d'2fnfO{c=j+=sf] @( sf] b]xfo * gDa/cGtu{tsf]d'2fsf ?kdf /fVg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ s'g} klg 7uLhGo sfo{ lghfdtL

sd{rf/Lsf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jokfng ;DemLu/]sf] sfo{cGtu{t kb}{g . To:tf] sfo{nfO{

ljBdfg sfg"gn] kmf}hbf/L s;"/cGtu{tkl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . To:tf] s;"/hGosfo{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lgh ;fj{hlgs;]jfdf /x]sf] eGg] dfq cfwf/df pGd'lQmk|bfg ug]{ p2]Zo lghfdtL ;]jf P]gn]u|x0f u/]sf] xf]Og / To;nfO{ Tolt ljs[t?kdf a'em\g klg gx'g] .

§ k|:t't d'2fdf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf %& sf] ;Gbe{ klg p7]sf] 5 .lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf /x]sf] plNnlvtJoj:yfn] sd{rf/LnfO{ lagf 8/, wfs /k|efjdf cfkm\gf] kbLo lhDd]jf/Lleq kg]{sfo{ ug{ pTk| ]l/t ub{5 . cfkm\gf]lhDd]jf/L Odfgbfl/k"j{s lgjf{x ubf{;Ddsd{rf/Lsf] arfp ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . t/,of] sfg"gL k|fjwfgn] sd{rf/LnfO{jb\lgotsf ;fy sfo{ ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfgub}{g, g t To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] arfp g}x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ 7uL / e|i6frf/ h:tf cfk/flws sfo{

;/sf/L sd {rf/Lsf ] cf ]xbfsf ]st{Jokfngsf] ljifo x'g ;Sb}g . o:tfcfk/flws sfo{ lj?4 d'2f rnfpgclVtof/jfnfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' / :jLs[ltlng'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] dfGg;lsFb}g . kbsf] b'?kof]u u/L 7uL /e|i6frf/ h:tf s;"/hGo sfo{df ;+nUgx'gsf nflu To:tf] arfpsf] k|fjwfg;xof]uL aGg g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ 36gfdf hfgfhfgL ;+nUg x'g' /

cghfgj; 36gfsf] s'g} r/0fdf;xefuL ePsf] b]lvg' km/s–km/s s'/fx'g\ . dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] clws[tsf?kdf jxfn /x]sf JolQmn] cfkm\gf]sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} sfo{df ;+nUg

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/xg' p;sf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L g} xf] .To:tf] sfo{df ;+nUg x'g' p;sf] st{Joklg xf] . To;/L st{Jokfngf ug]{l;nl;nfdf jb\lgot /fvL cfkm"n] nfelng] jf cGo s;}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg]sfo{ u/]df To:tf] lqmof lgZro g}u}/sfg"gL x'G5 . t/, oL k|ltjfbLn] To:tf]jb\lgot /fvL sfo{ u/]sf] jf cfkm"nfO{nfe x'g] u/L s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] eGg] s'/fk'li6 x'g gcfPsf] x'Fbf s]an cg'dfg /cfz+sfsf cfwf/df lghnfO{ s;"/bf/dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_§ ck/fw :jLsf/ ul//x]sf k|ltjfbLx¿n]

To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k x'g] ljuf] /h/Ljfgfsf] ;fdfGo x]/km]/nfO{ lg0f{odftflTjs cGt/ dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!*_

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf /fdk|;fb e08f/L …;DejÚ tyfljåfg clwjQmfx¿ s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f,dfwa af:sf]6f, sdndl0f lg/f}nf //d]zk|;fb k|;fO{

jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ;/f]h uf}tdcjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)#&, h]7, lg=g+= !##$, k[i7 !^;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g, cbfntL aGbf]j:tsf] @(-*_ /

@)% g+==§ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf

%&, %&-!_,-@_, !)§ d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] $ g+=

km};nfGof=k|sfz j:tLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,

lj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^&.!.!# sf] km};nfpk/

Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ( -!_ adf]lhdkg{ cfPsf] k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod#-!_-3_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z ug'{egL ePsf] cfb]zcg';f/ o; Ohnf;;dIf k]zx'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M

lhNnf df]/ª, ;fljs lj/f6gu/ g=kf=!) xfn !% l:yt ls=g+= !@* sf] h=lj=)–@–) hUuf sf7df8f}F xfFl8ufFp a:g] /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofosf] gfddf btf{ /x]sf]df k|ltjfbLdx]zs'df/ rfkfufO{, pd]zs'df/ g]kfnsf]ldnf]dtf]af6 sLt]{ gSsnL dflg; v8f u/Lgful/stf, hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{, df]7 ;|]:tf ;d]t;RofO{ agfO{ sLt]{ u/L ldlt @)%^.%.!* ut]dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªaf6 kf/Lt u/fO{ daf6hUUffsf] d"Noafkt egL ?= !) nfv 7uL ug{;kmn ePsf]n] daf6 7uL u/]sf] /sd ?= !)nfv / /fhZj lt/]sf] ?= *) xhf/ ;d]t ?=!),*),))).– k|ltjfbLx¿af6 lbnfO{ e/fO{sfg"gadf]lhd sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t .

elthf] o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] a[4 eQfkfOG5 kmf]6f] lvRg' kb{5 egL lj/f6gu/ NofO{cfkm}Fn] k};f lt/L kmf]6f] lvrfof] . @)%^ ;fn>fj0f ! ut] o'j/fh kf]v/]n d]/f] 3/df cfO{cfh ;fpg ;qmflGt v;L sf6L dgfpg' kb{5,hfpFm egL lghsf] 3/df Nofof] . lghsf] 3/dfd}n] glrg]sf] b'O{ hgf JolQmx¿ NofO{ lghx¿/ elthf o'j/fh ;d]t e} b'O{ s6\7f hUufwgLk"hf{ agfO{ laqmL ug'{kb{5 . tkfO{nfO{ cs}{gfd /fvL hUufwgL agfp5f}F . ?= !) xhf/tkfO{nfO{ lbpFnf eg]sf]n] ul/j dflg; ePsf]sf/0f !) xhf/ kfpg] k|nf]egdf k/L ;xdtLhgfO{ ldlt @)%^.$.@ ut] elth o'j/fhn]Pp6f lgj]bg n]vL dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªaf6hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn lng' kb{5, s;}n]

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;f]Wof] eg] 3/ sf7df8f}F xfFl8ufpF xf], gfd/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo eGg' egL l;sfO{ ;f]lgj]bgdf d]/f] NofKr] ;lx5fk ug{ nufP .dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªleq sf]7fdf nu]kl5Pshgf dlxnf sd{rf/L df]6f] cfO{dfO{n] dnfO{sf]7fdf /fvL oxfF sf]xL s;}n] tkfO{nfO{ gfd7]ufgf ;f]w] eg] 3/ sf7df8f}F xf8LufpF, gfd/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo atfpg' egL l;sfOg\,t/ d}n] af]Ng} k/]g . kl5 df]6L cfO{dfO{sd{rf/Ln] leqaf6 Pp6f sfuh NofP/ lbOg\ .To;df o'j/fhn] NofKr] ;xL u/fP . d ToxLlbg 3/df uPF . #÷$ lbg k5f8L o'j/fhkf]v/]nn] dnfO{ / 5f]/f bfgaxfb'/nfO{ lghsf]3/df NofP . a]n'sf klxnf dfn c8\8fdfa;]sf] sd{rf/L df]6L cfO{dfO{ ;d]t $÷%hgf dflg; eO{ hUuf rfF8} kf; u/fpg ;Nnfxu/] . ef]lnkN6 o'j/fhs} 3/df b'O{ hgf dflg;cfO{ o'j/fh;Fu s'/fsfgL u/] . pgLx¿n]tkfO{sf] hUuf xf] eGbf xf] eg]F . o'j/fhn] d]/f]5f]/f] bfgaxfb'/nfO{ hUufwgLsf] 5f]/f /fdk|;fbpkfWofo pxfF x'g'x'G5 egL lrgfOlbP . To;kl55f]/f / o'j/fhn] dnfO{ 3/df k'¥ofO{ lbP .To;sf] (÷!) lbg kl5 o'j/fh / 5f]/fbfgaxfb'/n] cfh hUuf a]Rg' kb{5 egL dnfO{/ a'xf/L kljqfnfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªdfNofO{ sfuhx¿df NofKr] ;xL lyRg nufP .dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] pQ/tkm{sf] Rofkaf6sfof{nodf l5/fO{ sfof{nodf a;]sf] ;/sf/Lsd{rf/L df]6L cfO{dfO{n] s;}n] ;f]w] eg] gfd/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo, 3/ xfF8LufpF, d}n]gfltnfO{ hfkfg k7fpg ?= !) nfvdf hUuflaqmL ub}{5' eGg' egL l;sfO{ !÷@ j6f sfuhdflyRg nufPsL x'g\ . ;f] sfd ;Nnfxf ldnfpg]cGo @÷# hgf lyP . d}n] /sd lnP lbPug]sf] b]lvg . dnfO{ lbg] eg]sf] ?= !),))).–dfUbf lx;fa ldnfpg afFsL 5 egL lbPsf5}gg\ . /fhLgfdf lnvtdf ePsf] NofKr] ;lx5fk

hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{df 6fFl;Psf] kmf]6f] NofKr]cf}F7f5fk d]/f] xf] . ;fIfLdf sljtf pkfWofoagL 5f]/f bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]nn] ;lx5fk u/]sfx'g\ . sLt]{ dflg; agL 7uL ug{ x'Fb}g eGg]yfxf lyof] . o'j/fh kf]v/]nsf] egfO{df nfuL;j} hgfn] s]xL x'Fb}g xfdL ;a} ldn]sf 5f}Feg]sf]n] yfxf kfOkfO u/]sf] x'F . dfnkf]tsfof{nosL df]6L dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] gfdzs'Gtnf rfkfufO{ csf]{ sf]7fdf a:g] zfvfclws[t uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL, zs'Gtnfsf] >Ldfg\dx]z rfkfufO{, zs'Gtnfsf] efO{ pd]z g]kfn,of] sfddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] czf]shFu /f0ffegL ;f]xL lbg hDdf ePsf cj:yfdf lrgfPsf]xf] eGg] ;d]t afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] df}sfdfu/]sf] aofg sfuh .

d]/f] b]j/ gftfsf o'j/fh kf]v/]n k6sk6s xfdL a;]sf] 7fpFdf cfpg] / lj/f6gu/sf])–@–) hdLg laqmL ug]{ s'/f uy]{ . @)%^ ;fnh]i7 / >fj0f ;qmflGtsf] lbg ;f;"nfO{ lnO{lj/f6gu/ cfPsf lyP . d]/f >Ldfg k|foh;f]o'j/fh;Fu} /xg' x'GYof], efb| dlxgsf] &÷* ut]h:tf] nfU5, d]/f] >Ldfg bfgaxfb'/n] lj/f6gu/df)–@–) hUuf laqmL ug{ cfF6]sf 5f}F . *÷(hgfsf] ;xof]uaf6 sfd s'/f e};s]sf] 5 . hUufsf7df8f}F a:g] /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf] xf] .cfdfnfO { / f ] lx0 f Ls 'df/L agfO { dnfO {/f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] 5f]/f /fdk|;fb agfO{ ldnfPsf]5 . s]xL sfd afFsL ePsf]n] sf7df8f}F hfg] egLlxF8\g' ePsf] lyof] . ldlt @)%^.%.!* ut] o'j/fh/ d]/f] >Ldfg\n] cfh hUuf laqmL x'Fb}5, dfnfkf]tsfof{no lj/f6gu/ hfg' kb{5, ;f]wL vf]hL x'Fbf3/ sf7df8f}F xfF8LufpF, gfd /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo, gfltnfO{ hfkfg k7fpg hUuf laqmLu/]sf] eGg' egL ;f;"nfO{ l;sfO{ dnfO{ d]/f]gfd sljtf xf] . d /f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] a'xf/L/fdk|;fbsf] >LdtL x' F eGg' egL l;sfO{lj/f6gu/df NofP . >Ldfg tyf b]j/n] ;Dk"0f{

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sfuhkq ldnfO{ hUuf lng] dflg; tyf c?dflg; ;d]t ToxfF pkl:yt lyP . dfnkf]tsfof{nodf Pshgf df]6L sd{rf/L a;]sf] 7fpFdfk'¥ofO{ tL dlxnfn] dnfO{ s;}n] ;f]w] eg] gfdslatf pkfWofo eGg', ;f;" /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofoeGg' egL l;sfO{ xflsd a;]sf] sf]7fdf nuLxtf/ xtf/ df]6L sd{rf/L, b]j/ tyf kltn]7"nf] g]kfnL sfuhsf] kmf/dsf] 5]pdf sljtfpkfWofo n]v]sf 7fpFdf cf}nfsf] ;lx5fk u/fP/cfdf afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nnfO{ /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo egL NofKr] ;lx5fk u/fPkl5 sfd;lsof] egL xfdL ;f;" a'xf/LnfO{ aflx/ k7fP .aflx/ >Ldfg;Fu of] sfd ug{ xF'b}gYof] eGbf>Ldfgn] zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{, dx]z rfkfufO{,uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL, pd]zs'df/ g]kfn, czf]shFu/f0ff ;a} cfkmGt x'g\, s]xL x'Fb}g eGg' eof] . ;f]sfd u/]jfkt xfdLnfO{ s]xL /sd lbPsf 5}gg\eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL kljqf kf]v/]nn]df}sfdf u/]sf] sfuh .

k|ltjfbLdWo]sf pd]z g]kfnn] @)%^;fn >fj0f dlxgfsf] @%÷@^ lt/ b'O{ s6\7fhUuf laqmL ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5, v/Lb ug]{ dflg;eP b]vfO{ lbg'xf];\ egL hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf]kmf]6f]skL lbPsf] xf] . xfn a'em\bf k|ltjfbLx¿sf]ldn]dtf]af6 df]7 ;|]:tf ;d]t ;RofO{ sLt]{ dflg;v8f u/L hfx]/jfnfnfO{ 7uL u/]sf]df ljZjf;nfU5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|]daxfb'/ a:g]tn]df}sfdf u/]sf] sfuh .

k|ltjfbLx¿ ;a}sf] hfn kl/k~raf6afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nfO{ sLt]{ hUufwgL agfO{dfnkf]t sfof{nosf sd{rf/L uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL,zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ ;d]tsf] ;xof]uaf6 hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{, df]7 ;|]:tf;d]t ;Rofpg, agfpg;xof]u u/L hfx]/jfnfnfO{ ?= !) nfvdf laqmLu/fO{ 7uL u/]sf x'g\, s] slt /sd afF8L lnP;f] yfxf 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] df}sfdfa'lemPsf b]jLk|;fb jf:tf]nfsf] sfuh .

ldlt @)%^.&.@* ut]sf] kGgfnfn;xgL;d]t kfFr hgfsf] Joxf]/f ePsf] j:t'l:yltd'r'Nsf ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] .

;fljs lj/f6gu/ !) xfn !% sf]ls=g+= !@* sf] )–@–) hUuf d}n] @)@@.^.!#ut] j]b/fh]Zj/L yfkfaf6 as;kq kfPsf] xf] .tTsfn wgLk"hf{df kmf]6f] 6fF:g] rng lyPg .dfnkf]t lt/L czf]s /f0ffnfO{ ef8fdf lbPsf]lyPF . ldlt @)%^.%.@( ut] d]/f] hUuf lzjk|;fbl/hfnnfO{ laqmL u/]sf] 5 eGg] c1ft JolQmsf]kmf]gaf6 yfxf kfO{ lj/f6gu/ cfO{ jf:tljstfa'em\bf d]/f] gfdsf] hUufwgL k"hf{df afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]nsf] kmf]6f] 6fF;L gSsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo kf}8]n agfO{ lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{laqmL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] tyf sLt]{ u/LlaqmL ug{df d]/f] kl/lrt dfnkf]t sfof{nolj/f6gu/sf vl/bf/ zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{, lghsf]klt dx]z rfkfufO{, zs'Gtnfsf] efO{ pd]zg]kfn, o'j/fh kf]v/]n, czf]sh+u /f0ff, dfnkf]tclws[t uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / bfgaxfb'/kf]v/]n;d]t x'g\ eGg] a'lemg cfPsf] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofon]ldlt @)%^.!).& df u/]sf] sfuh .

hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo,czf]shFu /f0ff, o'j/fh kf]v/]n, afnfs'df/L,bfgaxfb'/, kljqf kf]v/]nnfO{ lrlGbg . pd]zd]/f] ;fnf gftfsf x'g\ . lgh;Fu ! jif{ b]lve]63f6 5}g . uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLnfO{ dfnkf]tclws[tsf] gftfn] lrGb5' . zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{d]/f] >LdtL x'g\, t/ sxfF 5g\ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .hfx]/jfnfnfO{ 7uL ePsf] xf], t/ sf] s;n]7uL u/] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . 7uL ug]{df d]/f];+nUgtf 5}g . d ldlt @)%^.%.!% b]lvclkm;sf] sfdn] sf7df8f}F ljefudf uPsf] lyPF .@)%^.%.@@ ut] dfq k'gM sfof{nodf xfhL/ePsf] 5' . >LdtL;Fu e]6 gePsf] % dlxgf *lbg eof] . s;"/df d lgbf]{if 5' . d sfhdf

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uPsf] e|d0f cfb]z g+= ## sf] e|d0f cfb]z k]zu/]sf] 5' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL dx]zrfkfufO{n] ldlt @)%^.!@.@) ut] df}sfdf u/]sf]aofg sfuh .

ljjflbt hUufsf] k~rs[t]{ d"NofÍg e}ldlt @)%^.!@.@@ sf] d'r'Nsf ldl;n ;fd]n/x]sf] .

k|ltjfbL dx]zs'df/ rfkfufO{ nfO{ a]?h';+k/LIf0f ug{ sfhdf v6fPsf] e|d0f cfb]z /xfhL/L kmf/dsf] k|ltlnlk If]qLo jfnL ;+/If0fk|of]uzfnfsf] kq;fy k|fKt e} ldl;n ;fd]n/x]sf] .

hUufwgL sf7df8f}F a:g] lj/f6gu/sf]s'/f lghnfO{ yfxf gx'g] czf]sh+u /f0ffnfO{yfxf ePkl5 lghsf] of]hgfdf lbbL zs'GtnfrfkfufO{, zf=c= uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL dfkm{t d'Vo?kdf ;|]:tfdf x]/km]/ u/L gSsnL wgLk"hf{ v8fu/]sf] / gSsnL hUufwgL vf]Hg] sfd lbbLzs'Gtnfs} k'/f]lxt o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] u/L cufl8b]lv g} 7uL ug]{ k"j{of]hgf agfO{ sfd u/]sf]dfk"0f{ ljZjf; nfU5 . ;fwf/0f lgj]bgsf] e/dfk|ltlnlk dfu eGbf a9L kmf]6f] ;d]t 6fF;Lk|dfl0ft u/L tTsfn wgLk"hf{ pknAw u/fpg',lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ hUuf kf; ubf{ klgxtf/xtf/ kf; ug{ nufpg'n] klg ;f] s'/fsf]k'li6 ub{5 . hUufwgL gSsnL xf] eGg] s'/f p7L;s]kl5 d}n] lbbLnfO{ ;f]4f lbbLn] c;nL xf]egL ljZjf; lbnfpFbf ljZjf;df k/]sf] lyP .hUuf ljqmL ePsf]df lbbL zs'Gtnfn] dnfO{sdLzg ?= @@,))).– -afO{; xhf/ ?k}of_ lbg'ePsf] lyof] . hfx]/jfnfnfO{ 7uL ePsf] xf]sdLzg lnO{;s]kl5 Jojxf/ kfsf] x'g'kb{Yof]gePsf]df d]/f] ;d]t lhDd]jf/L 5 eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] df}sfdfu/]sf] aofg sfuh .

gSsnL hUufwgL / k"hf{ ;d]t v8fu/L hUuf ljqmL u/]sf] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 c;nL

hUufwgLsf] gft]bf/af6 kmf ]g g+= dfuLhUufwgLnfO{ hUuf laqmL ug]{ xf] egL ;f]4flghn] xf]Og eg]sf]n] xfdLn] tkfO{sf] hUuf toxfF laqmL e};Sof] egL a'em]sf] s'/f atfPkl5c;nL hUufwgL oxfF cfPsL x'g . dfnkf]tsfo{nodf sfd ug]{ uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / zs'GtnfrkfufO{n] cfkm" sfd ug]{ u/]sf] cfkm\gf] kx'Frsf]kmfO{bf p7fO{ o'j/fh kf]v/]n, czf]shFu /f0ff;d]tsf] ldn]dtf] / ;xof]udf gSsnL wgL /wgLk"hf{ ;d]t v8f u/L hfx]/jfnfnfO{ laqmLu/L 7uL u/]sf x'g\ ;f] ;DaGwdf pd]z g]kfnnfO{;f]4f lbbL zs'Gtnfn] gSsnL xf]Og eg]sL l5g\egL atfPsf] lyof] eGg] ;d]tsf] k'?iff]Qd zdf{sf]ldlt @)%&.!.@ sf] sfuh .

c;nL hUufwgLn] dnfO{ sf7df8f}Faf6kmf]g u/L gSsnL hUufwgL / k"hf{ v8f u/LhUuf laqmL ePsf] ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 a'lemlbg'k¥of] eg]kl5 d dfnkf]t sfof{no df]7 zfvfsf]zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+nfO{ e]6L ;f]wk'5 ubf{sf7df8f}Faf6 hUufwgL ;// cfOg\, hUuf kf;u/L Kn]gd} x// uO{g\, ;a} 7Ls 5, x]g'{ kb}{gegL atfPsLn] d}n] laZjf; gdfgL df]7 x]bf{cs}{ dfG5]sf] kmf]6f] 6fF;L sLt]{ u/]sf] b]vL sLt]{ePsf]n] hUuf /f]sL kfpg lgj]bg klg lbPsf]lyPF . zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLn]o'j/fh kf]v/]ndfkm{t\ a"9L dfG5] hUufwgL v8fu/L czf]sh+u /f0ff / dx]z rfkfufO{+;d]tsf]d2t lnO{ k"j{ lgof]lht of]hgf;Fu hfx]/jfnflzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ ?= !) nfvdf laqmL u/L?k}ofF jfF8L vfPsf x'g\ . kl5 dx]z rfkfufO{+n]hfx]/jfnfsf] /sd lkmtf{ lbg] / c;nLhUufwgLnfO{ hUuf lkmtf{ ug]{ s'/f ePsf] lyof]kl5 s'/f gldnfO{ dx]z rfkfufO{{ ;d]t km/f/ePsf x'g eGg] ;d]t a'lemPsf OZj/ sf]O/fnfn]u/]sf] sfuh .

ls=g+= !@* sf] hUuf ;:tf]df laqmLx'Fb}5 eGg] ;'lg a'‰g cfpFbf pQm hUuf gSsnL

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hUufwgL v8fu/L laqmL e};s]sf] s'/f ;'Ggdfcfof] . d / ;fyL k'?iff]Qdn] ;f]wk'5 ubf{lkr/fdf hUufwgLsf] cfkmGt 5 eGg] yfxfkfO{pQm hUuf laqmL ug]{ klg xf]O{g / laqmL u/]sf]klg 5}g eGg] hjfkm k|fKt ePsf]n] 7uL u/LhUuf laqmL ePsf]df k"0f{ ljZjf; eof] . ;f]s'/f pd]z g]kfnnfO{ ;'gfpFbf lghn] ;f]xLhUufwgLg} cfP/ kf; u/]sf] xf] egL xfdLnfO{atfof] . zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{ {n] uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL;Fu ldln gSsnL ;|]:tf v8f u/]sf] /dx]z rfkfufO{{+n] o'j/fh kf]v/]n dfkm{t a"9LcfO{dfO{nfO{ hUufwgL agfpg nufO{ cGok|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;xof]u / ;+nUgtfdf 7uL u/]sfx'g\ . lghx¿n] hfx]/jfnf geP c?nfO{ klg7uL ug{] lyP . ;+of]un] dfq hf]x/jfnf k/]sfx'g\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lji0f' s]=;L= sf]df}sfdf ePsf] sfuh .

cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf ;+slnt ;a"bk|df0fsf] cfwf/df k|ltjfbLx¿sf] aLrsf]kf/:kfl/s kl/k~raf6 /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofogfpFsf] lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/ gu/kflnsf,j8f g+= !) xfn j8f g+= !% sf] ls=g+= !@*sf] h=lj= )–@–) hUuf afnfs'df/L kf]v/]ncfkm" :jo+ pQm hUufsf] wgL /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo agL cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sf] kl/k~rdfafnfs'df/LnfO{ gSsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/L agfO{ lghg} hUufwgL xf] egL hfx]/jfnf lzjk|;fbl/hfnnfO{ ljZjf;df kf/L plNnlvt hUufsf]/fhLgfdf lnvt v8f u/L ldlt @)%^.%.!*ut]sf] lbg /fhLgfdf kf/Lt u/L Psfsf] gfpFsf]hUuf lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ xs x:tfGt/0fu/]sf] /fhLgfdf v8f u/L hfx]/jfnfnaf6 ?=!) nfv hUufsf] d"No egL lnO{ vfO{hfx]/jfnfnfO{ 7uL u/]sf] ck/fw k|dfl0ft x'gcfPsf]n] k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] cfkm\gf]gfd 9fF6L /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo agL k|ltjfbLo'j/fh kf]v/]n, k|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ /

k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] ;xof]u / k|ToIf;+nUgtfdf k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nnfO{lj/f6gu/ !% ls=g+= !@* sf] h=lj= )–@–)hUufsf] hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo agfO{;f]xLcg';f/sf] ;|]:tf tof/ u/L u/fO{ tyfbfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]nn] cfkm\gf] gfd 9fF6L /fdk|;fbpkfWofo agL / klaqf kf]v/]nn] cfkm\gf] gfd9fF6L sljtf pkfWofo agL / cGo k|ltjfbLdx]z rfkfufO{{+, czf]shFu /f0ff, pd]zs'df/g]kfnn] ls=g+= !@* sf] )–@–) hUufsf]wgLk"hf{sf] kmf]6f] 6fFl;Psf] afnfs'df/L kf]v/]ng} hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo x'g\ egL;f]xLcg';f/ hfx]/jfnfnfO{ ljZjf; x'g] Jojxf/u/L ;a} k|ltjfbLx¿n] em"7f s'/fnfO{ ;4] xf]egL cfkm\gf] xs gk'Ug] /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf]gfdsf] ls=g+= !@* sf] )–@–) hUuf hfx]/jfnflzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ em'Sofg ukmntdf kf/Lwf]sf lbO{ lghaf6 ?= !) nfv lnO{ pQm hUuflaqmL u/L ;f ]afktsf ] !) nfv ?k}of Fk|ltjfbLx¿n] cf–cfkm\"n] lnO{ vfO{ 7uL u/]sf]eGg] s'/f ;–k|df0f b]lvg cfPsf]n] k|ltjfbLzs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, k|ltjfbL o'j/fh kf]v/]n,afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n, kljqfkf]v/]n, dx]z rfkfufO{, czf]shFu /f0ff,pd]zs'df/ g]kfn, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLnfO{ d'n'sLP]g, 7uL dxnsf] ! g+= / @ g+= sf] s;"/df;f]xL dxnsf] $ g+=adf]lhd ;hfo x'g tyfhfx]/jfnf lzjk|;fb l/hfnaf6 lnP vfPsf]lauf] ? !) nfv ;a} k|ltjfbLx¿af6 lbnfO{e/fO{ kfpgsf] ;fy} dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 kf/Ltldlt @)%^.%.!* sf] /fhLgfdf sRrf 7x/LhUuf x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ kfsf] x'gg;s]sf]n] ;f]afkt hfx]/jfnfaf6 lnPsf] /fhZj?= *),))).– lghnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] Joj:yf x'gkm/f/ /x]sf k|ltjfbL bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n,zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL, o'j/fhtkf]v/]n, czf]shFu /f0ff xfhL/ hdfgLdf

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5f]l8PsL afnfs'df/L kf ]v/]n / klaqfkf]v/]nnfO{ cbfntaf6} ;dfXjfg hf/L u/La'lemkfpg cleof]u kq k|:t't ul/Psf] 5eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cleof]u kq .

hfx]/jfnf lzjk|;fb l/hfn, k|ltjfbLafnfs'df/L kf]v/]n, kljqf kf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/kf]v/]n, o'j/fh kf]v/]n, czf]shFu /f0ffnfO{lrlGbg . uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLnfO{ dfnkf]tclws[tsf] x}l;otn] ;fdfGo lrg]sf] x' F .zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ >LdtL / pd]z g]kfn ;fnfgftfsf x'g\ . d If]qLo afnL ;+/If0f k|of]uzfnflj/f6gu/sf] ;xn]vfkfn ePsf]n] sfof{nosf]a]?h' x]g{ / tnjL k|ltj]bg kf/Lt ug{ ldlt@)%^.%.!% ut] sf7df8f}F u} @)%^.%.@@ ut]kmls{Psf] x'F . d}n] ldlt @)%^.%.!* ut]sflbg ;fljs lj/f6gu/ !) xfn !% sf] ls=g+=!@* sf] h=lj= )–@–) hUuf sf] s;n] s]s;nfO{ s] s:tf] kl/aGbaf6 v/Lb ljqmL u/]dnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g . ;f] hUuf v/Lb ljqmLsf]s'/f ;d]t d]/f] cufl8 ePsf] 5}g . dnfO{nufPsf] cf/f]k hfx]/L Joxf]/f skf]nslNktdgu9Gt x'g\ . cGo k|ltjfbLn] sLt]{ dflg;v8f u/L 7uL u/] u/]gg\ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .d]/f] ;d]t ;xdltaf6 sLt]{ dflg; v8f u/LhUuf kf; u/L lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ lbPsf]xf]Og . dpk/ Pp6} ljifodf k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/df e|i6frf/ d'2f rnL daf6 ?=#),))).– w/f}6 dfuL tfl/vdf 5'l6;s]sf]x'Fbf ;f]xL ljifodf of] d'2f nufPsf] x'Fbf dnfO{;hfo x'g] xf]Og ;kmfO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL dx]zs'df/ rfkfufO{n] z'?cbfntdf u/]sf] jofg .

k|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ lbbL, dx]zrfkfufO{+ legfh' gftfsf] x'g'x'G5 . lzjk|;fbl/hfn, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL, czf]shFu /f0ffnfO{lrGb5' . k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n, kljqfkf]v/]n, o'j/fh kf]v/]nnfO{ ldlt @)%^.%.!*

ut] dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªdf hUuf kf; ug]{l;nl;nfdf kl/ro lrghfg ePsf] xf] .hfx]/jfnf;Fu dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªdf hUufkf; ug]{ l;nl;nfdf kl/ro lrghfg ePsf]xf] . hfx]/jfnf;Fu dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªsf]k|fË0fdf e]6 e} hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] kmf]6f]skLdnfO{ lbO{ of] hUufsf] df]7 kmfF6df uO{ of]hUufsf] df]7 ;|]:tf x]g{ cfPsf] x]l/lbg' xf];\egL kmf]6f]skL lbFbf lbbLn] kmf]6f]skL x]/L leqkmfF6df af]nfpg' eof] . of] hUufsf] hUufwgLxfd|f] k'/f]lxt o'j/fhnfO{ k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsndfu u/L nfg' ePsf] xf] . hUufwgL o'j/fhkf]v/]n;Fu} x'g'kb{5 eGg' ePsf]n] hfx]/jfnfnfO{;f]xL s'/f atfO{ lbPF . To;sf] # lbgkl5 lbbLzs'Gtnfn] $ ah] lghnfO{ kmf]gdf s'/f ubf{o'j/fh;Fu hUUffwgL 5g\ / hUuf lng] ePlzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ lnP/ ljxfg d sxfFcfpg eGg' ePsf]n] a]n's} hfx]/jfnfnfO{ ;f]s'/f ;'gfO{ ljxfg b'O{ hgf zs'Gtnfsf]df hfFbflbbL legfh' dfq x'g' x'GYof] . hUufwgL vf]O{tegL ;f]4f lbbLn] o'j/fh;Fu cfpFb}5g\ eGg'eof] . !) ldg]6 kl5 o'j/fh dfq} k'u]sf]n]hUufwgLaf/] ;f]4f cfpFb}5g\ eg]sf]n] ;do;Ddklg gcfPsf]n] hUufwgL lng o'j/fh uP/@) ldg]6 hlt kv{bf o'j/fh gcfPsf]n]hfx]/jfnf / d df]6/;fOsndf r9L o'j/fhsf]3/tkm{ hfFb} ubf{ af6f]df e]6e} hUufwgL /lghsf] 5f]/f /fdk|;fb egL kl/ro ePkZrfthUuf cfkm"n] as; kfPsf] / 5f]/fnfO{ hfkfgk7fpg ljqmL ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f /fdk|;fbn]atfPsf]n] ;|]:tf cg'zf/ gfd ldn]s} b]vLhUufsf] b/bfd ?=!) nfv to u/L 5f]/fsf]gful/stf dfUbf sf7df8f}Fdf /x]sf] atfPsf]n]gful/stf x]g]{ eg]kl5 gful/stf lng sf7df8f}Fhfg egL hfx]/jfnf / d;Fuaf6 ?= #))).–lnO{ uPsf kl5 kmf]gaf6 lbbL zs'GtnfnfO{o'j/fh sf7df8f}Faf6 gful/stf lnO{ cfP

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gcfPsf] a'‰bf ef]ln laxfg cfOk'Ub}5g\, z'qmaf/g} kf; ug'{ kb{5 ;f]xL s'/f lzj l/hfnnfO{eGg' ePsf] x'Fbf lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ ;f] s'/fatfO{ @)%^.%.!* ut] ljxfg hfx]/jfnf / do'j/fh kf]v/]nsf] 3/df hfFbf lgh lyPgg\,sf7df8f}Faf6 laxfg $ ah] cfOk'u]sf] x'Fbf ;f]s '/f >LdtLn ] atfP kl5 o 'j/fhnfO {zs'Gtnfsf]df k7fO{ lbg' egL xfdL uof}+ .hUuf;DaGwL ukm x'Fbfx'Fb} o'j/fh cfO{ hUufcfh} kf; ug]{ eg]sf]n] /sd hDdf ug]{ a}+saf/]df /f=af=a}+s lj/f6gu/ zfvfdf hDdf ug]{;xdlt e} lbpF;f] dfnkf]t sfof{nodf /fhLgfdfkmf/d e/L df]7 le8fpg] sfd ;s]kl5 ;gfvtug{ dfnkf]t clws[t uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf]dfuO{ ;gfvt e};s]kl5 /fdk|;fbsf] gfddf vftfvf]nL ?=% nfv &% xhf/ hDdf u/L $ nfv@% xhf/ dfnkf]t clws[tsf] 6]a'nd} ugL/fdk|;fbnfO{ lbO{ afFsL sfd dfnkf]taf6 ePsf]xf] . ;f] sfd u/]afkt kf; u/]sf] lbg % xhf/kl5 !& xhf/ u/L ?=@@,))).– dnfO{ lbbLzs'Gtnfn] lbg' ePsf] xf] . agfa6L hUufwgL5f]/f a'xf/L x'g eGg] yfxf gkfO{ hUufwgL ;4]x'g\ eGg] lbbL legfh' / o'j/fh kf]v/]nsf]ljZjf;df k/L cfkm"n] ;Sg];Dd ;xof]u u/]sf]x'F . sLt]{ dflg; v8f u/L hUuf kf; ePsf]!)÷!@ lbgkl5 yfxf kfPsf] x'F . d ;d]tn]sLt]{ dflg; v8f u/L hUuf kf; ePsf] !)÷!@lbgkl5 yfxf kfPsf] x'F . d ;d]tn] sLt]{dflg; v8f u/L 7uL u/]sf] xf]Og . ;xL JolQmg} xf]nf eGg] ljZjf;df k/L hUuf v/Lb ljqmLug]{ sfddf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] x'F . hUuf v/LbljqmLsf] s'/f x'Fbf legfh' dx]z rfkfufO{+sf]klg pkl:ylt lyof] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] z'? cbfntdfu/]sf] jofg .

k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] cbfntdfaofg ubf{ ;d]t kLl8tnfO{ 7uL ul/Ps} /x]5

dnfO{ ;a} s'/f yfxf gePsf]n] To:tf] sfd d}n]u/]sf] x'F sfd u/]afkt zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{af6b'O{ k6s u/L ?= !&,))).– / ?=%,))).– u/L?= @@,))).– lnPsf] x'F egL h;sf] sfd u/LlbPsf] xf] paf6 geO{ cGo dflg;af6 ?k}ofFlnP vfPsf] s'/fdf ;d]t ;fljt e} s;"/nfO{cGoyf egL eGg g;s]sf]n] / df}sfdf a'lemPsfk|]d a:g]t, O{Zj/ sf]O/fnf, lji0f' vltj8f,k'?iff]Qd zdf{, /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo, 6+sk|;fbkf]v/]n, b]jLk|;fb af:tf]nf ;d]tn] ul/lbPsf]df}sfsf] sfuh x]bf{ oL k|ltjfbL;d]t ldnL 7uLu/]sf] s'/f yfxf x'g cfof] egL :ki6 ?kdfn]vfO{ lbPsf] cj:yf ;d]t x'Fbf xfn;Dd ;+slnttTsfn k|fKt k|df0fx¿sf] cfwf/df lghn] cf/f]lkts;"/ u/]gg\ xf]nf egL eGg ;lsg] cj:yfsf]cefj /x]sf]n] lghsf] s;"/ ug{df /x]sf] e"ldsf;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL c=j+= !!*-%_ adf]lhdgub ?=#,)),))).– -tLgnfv ?k}of_ w/f}6L jfh]yf hdfgL lbP lnO{ lbg g;s] y'g'jf k"hL{ lbO{y'gfdf /fVg k7fpg' eGg] ldlt @)%&.!.!# sf]df]/ª lhNnf cbfntsf] y'g5]s cfb]z cg'zf/w/f}6 hdfgt /fVg g;sL k|ltjfbL pd]z g]kfny'gfdf a;]sf] /x]5 .

k|ltjfbL o'j/fh kf]v/]n afx]ssfk|ltjfbLx¿ s;}nfO{ klg d lrlGbg . hUufwgL/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofonfO{ /fd|/L lrGb5' . ljjflbtls=g+= !@* sf] hUufdf d )%@÷)%# ;fn b]lvef8fdf a:b} cfPsf] 5' . klxnf d}n] ef8fdflnO{ a;]sf] ls=g+= !@* sf] h=lj= )–@–) hUufljqmL x'g' eGbf cufl8 dnfO{ s'g} hfgsf/LlyPg . hUuf ljqmL ePsf] s'/f d}n] sf7df8f}Fdfg} xNnf ;'g]sf] x'F . d}n] cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf]s'g} s;"/ u/]sf] 5}g . dpk/sf] kf]n ph'/;/f;/ em"7f xf] . cleof]u dfubfjLadf]lhd;hfo kfpg'kg]{ xf]Og ;kmfO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL czf]s k|tfk /f0ffsf] z'?cbfntdf ePsf] jofg .

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hfx]/jfnfnufotsf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{lrlGbg . k|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ dfnkf]tsfof{no df]/ªsf] e"tk"j{ vl/bf/ ePsf]n] lghnfO{lrGb5' . /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofonfO{ d lrlGbg ./f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] wgLk"hf{sf] gSsn kfpmF eGg]lgj]bg ldlt @)%^.$.@ df k/]sf] eGg] s'/fyfxf eof] . To;df d}n] tf]s cfb]z u/]sf] 5}g .k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t zlzgf/fo0f bf;n] cfb]zug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;Ssn gful/stf k]z ePsf]dfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ kmf]6f] 6fF; u/Lk|dfl0ft u/L gSsn lbPsf] xf] . d 7uLnufotsfs'g} klg ck/fwhGo lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg 5}g .d}n] k]z ePsf] gful/stfsf] cfwf/df gSsnk|dfl0ft u/L lbPsf] x'F . d}n] jb\lgot lrtfPsf]5}g . o; s'/fdf d ljns'n cgle1 / lgbf]{if5' . ?= !),)),))).– -bznfv ?k}of_ y}nLsfod u/L C0fL wgLsf] ;xL ;gfvt ;fIfL /;+/Ifssf] ;d]t ;gfvt ;lx5fk /lhi6«]zgkmfF6df u/fO{ ;f] sf] nfUg] /fhZj ?= *),))).–c;"n u/L txtx kmfF6jfnf txl// ;d]tn]b:tvt u/L /Lt k'¥ofO{ d]/f] 6]jndf k]z u/]sf]lnvtdf d}n] C0fL wgL b'j} y/nfO{ d~h"/ 5,5}g n]gb]g eof] ePg egL ;f]wgL u/L n]gb]gd~h"/ 5 eg]sfn] b:tvt u/L lbPsf] x'F . d}n]td;'s k6\ofO{ 6]a'ndf /fvL ?k}ofF hDdf u/]/cfpg' egL s'g} s'/f eg]sf] xf]Og . sfg"g ljkl/tck/fwhGo s'g} klg sfd s'/f u/]sf] 5}g . g td}n] s;}nfO{ 7u]sf] 5' . g t s;}nfO{ 7Ug]lgot /fv]sf] 5' . d}n] tTsfn k]z ePsf]k|df0fcg'¿k k|rlnt sfg"g dfnkf]t clws[tsf]klbo lhDd]jf/L k"/f u/]sf] x'F . k|:t't cleof]ukq km/]jo'Qm em"7f nf~5gf dfq xf] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLn]] z'?cbfntdf u/]sf] jofg .

hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofonfO{lrg]sf] 5}g . cleof]u kqdf pNn]v u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ljj/0f em"7f xf] . ;f] jf/bftdf d ;+nUg 5}g .

d}n] s'g} s;"/ u/]sf] xf]Og . d'2fsf] l:ylt x]bf{klxn] g} ;hfo u/fpg] c7f]6 u/L uf]Zjf/f?kdf bf]iff/f]k0f u/fO{ sfd sf/jfxL rnfPsf]kfOG5 . k|:t't d'2f dpk/df rNg ;Sg] g}xf]Og cleof]u kqdf plNnlvt s'g} klg s;"/d}n] gu/]sf] x'Fbf cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd dnfO{s'g} ;hfo x'g'kg]{ xf]Og d lgbf]{if 5' eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{sf]cbfnt;dIf ePsf] jofg .

k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] d[To'eO;s]sf] eGg] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªsf]r=g+= @^#$ ldlt @)%&.*.@) sf] kqaf6hfgsf/L k|fKt e} cfPsf] /x]5 .

k|ltjfbL o'j/fh kf]v/]nsf] gfpFsf] Dofbldlt @)%&.@.!! df / k|ltjfbL bfgaxfb'/kf]v/]nsf] Dofb @)%&.#.!) df 3/b}nfdf tfd]nePsf]df lghx¿ Dofbleq pkl:yt ge} km/f//x]sf /x]5g\ .

k|ltjfbL kljqf kf]v/]nsf gfpFsf] Dofbldlt @)%*.(.% df a]kQ] tfd]n e} cfPsf]n]csf]{ jtg eP v'nfO{ k7fpg cfb]zfg';f/ n]vLk7fPsf]df lghsf] cleof]u kqdf plNnlvtjtg afx]s csf]{ jtg gePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L e}cfPsf] /x]5 .

jfbL k|ltjfbLsf tkm{sf ;fIfLx¿sf]askq e} ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] /x]5 .

k | ltjfbLx¿n ] cleof ]u dfubfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x5{ . ;f] 7xgf{n]k|ltjfbLdWo]sL afnfs'df/Lsf] d[To' e} ;s]sf]eGg] ldl;naf6 b]lvFbf lghsf xsdf s]xL af]nL/xg' k/]g . cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sf] xsdf 7uLu/]sf] /sd of] o;n] olt vfPsf] eGg] ldl;nk|df0faf6 v'Ng gcfPsf] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{hgxL ! jif{sf b/n] s}b ;hfo / lauf]adf]lhdbfdf;fxLsf] lx;fan] h/Ljfgf x'g] / bfdf;fxLsf]lx;fan] cleof]u dfu bfjLadf]lhdsf] lauf]hfx]/jfnfnfO{ e/fO{ lbg] 7x5{ . km]/f/L k|ltjfbL

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kljqf kf]v/]nsf] xsdf j]kQ] Dofb tfd]n ePsf]/ lghnfO{ jfbL kIfn] pkl:yt u/fpg ;d]tg;s]sf] x'Fbf km]nf k/]sf avt sf/jfxL x'g] g}x'Fbf xfn lghsf] jf/]df klg af]nL /xg' k/]geGg] z'? df]/ª lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^).#.#) sf] km};nf .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]wf/f !$-@_ ljk/Lt bf]xf]/f] d'2f rnfPsf] d'n'sLP]g, c=j+= @(-*_ adf]lhd d'2f btf{;Dd dfqug{ klg k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df btf{ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L clwsf/If]qaflx/ uO{ d'2fbtf{ u/L km};nf ePsf] / /fi6«;]js sd{rf/LnfO{/ cGo k|ltjfbLx¿ eP c?nfO{ ;d]t d'2frnfpg' kbf{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf dfq d'2fbtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/fsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6ljleGg d'2fsf] ghL/af6 k'li6 / k|dfl0fteO/x]sf] cj:yfdf d]/f] ePsf / b]lvPsf k|df0f;d]tsf] s'g} jf:t} gu/L z'?af6 ePsf] km};nfvf/]h Pj+ pN6L ab/ u/L jfbLsf em"7f Pj+km/]ao'Qm cf/f]k Pj+ u}/sfg"gL tyf sfg"gsf]/Lt Pj+ dof{bf ;d]tsf] kfngf gu/L btf{ul/Psf] cleof]u kq tyf dnfO{ ;hfo, b08h/Ljfgf tyf lauf] ;d]t e/fpg] egL u/]sf]km};nfaf6 km';{b ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL dx]zs'df/ rfkfufO{sf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ .

d}n] 7uL ePsf] elgPsf] /sd lnPvfPsf] jf d}n] a'em]sf] eGg] s;}n] klg cleof]unufpg ;s]sf] 5}g, /lhi6«]zg lng' lbg' ubf{sf]cj:yfdf d]/f] ;+nUgtf ePsf] k'li6 k|dfl0ft5}g . hfx]/jfnfs} em"7f] syg x]bf{ klg a}+sdfk};f lng uPsf] jf hfx]/jfnfn] d]/f] xftdfk};f lbPsf] eGg syg;Dd ug{ g;s]sf]cj:yfdf dnfO{ ;d]t ;hfo b08 h/Ljfgftyf lauf] ;d]t e/fpg] egL u/]sf] km};nfq'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] ;f] km};nf pN6L ab/ u/Lem"7f cleof]u bfjLaf6 cnu km';{b ul/kfpFm

eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL zs'GtnfrfkfufO{sf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

7uLsf] sfodL lauf] a/fa/ g} ;a}k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ h/Ljfgf ug'{kg]{df lauf]sf]bfdf;fxLn] h/Ljfgf ug]{ u/]sf] km};nf ldn]sf]5 }g, k | ltjfbL kljqf kf ]v/ ]nsf xsdfa'lemP;Ddsf k|df0fx¿sf] cfwf/df OG;fkmul/g'kg]{df gu/L lghsf] xsdf km]nf k/]sfavt sf/jfxL ug{] egL z'?af6 ePsf] km};nfc=j+= !!@ g+= ;d]tsf] k|lts"n 5, ctMk|ltjfbLpk/sf] s;"/ 7x/ gu/L lghaf6 7uLul/Psf] lauf] e/fO{ lbg] eGg] km};nf a"Fbf g}q"l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] xb;Dd pQm km};nf ab/ u/Lk|ltjfbLsf] gfddf c=j+= !!@ g+= sf] /Lt k'¥ofO{Dofb tfd]n u/L lghsf xsdf ;d]t dfubfjLsf] s;"/ 7x/ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

e | i6frf/ d '2 fsf hfx ]/jfnf/f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] 5f]/f OGb's'df/sf] ;f] d'2fsf]askqn] d]/f] ck/fwdf ;+nUgtf gePsf] /z'?df dpk/ ph"/ gu/]sf] cj:yfdf hUufaxfndf lnO{ a:b}df ck/fwL 7fGg' Gofosf] /f]xaf6gldNg]df z'?af6 dnfO{ ;d]t ;hfo u/]sf]z'?sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] ;f] km};nf pN6Lab/ u/L dnfO{ cleof]uaf6 cnu km';{b ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

lnvt kf/Lt ug]{ ;DaGwdf d}n] cGoyfjf kbLo bfloTjljk/Lt sfo{ u/]sf] 5}g, d}n]hUufsf] d"Noafktsf] /sd a}+sdf hDdf u/fPsf]eGg] lgtfGt lg/fwf/ s'/f xf], d}n] a}+sdf k};fhDdf ug{ nufpg'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f gePsf] g/x]sf]l:yltdf d ;d]tnfO{ ;hfo ug{] u/L z'?af6ePsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] ;f] km};nf pN6Ljb/ u/L dnfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ lbnfO{kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

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o;df k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLdWo]sfuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{ ;/sf/Lsd{rf/L ePsf] b]lvof] / k|:t't d'2fsf] ljifoj:t'klg c•f;DaGwL sfd s'/f;Fu g} hf]l8Psf]af6c=j+= @(-*_ g+= sf] k|fjwfgsf] ;Gbe{dfIf ]qflwsf/;DaGwL k |Zg pkl:yt e} /k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ lauf]sf] bfdf;fxLn] h/Ljfgfug]{ u/]sf] z'?sf] km};nf km/s kg]{ b]lvFbf 5nkmnlgldQ c=j+= @)@ g+= tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$* sf] lgod $& adf]lhd k|ToyL{lemsfpg] k|of]hgfy{ xfhL/ /x]sf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{/ k 'g/fj ]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof {no,lj/f6gu/nfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L lbO{ cGok|ltjfbLx¿sf] xsdf Dofb hf/L u/L lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] cfb]z .

d"ntM Pp6} ljifodf b'O{ cnu d'2f k/Lsf/jfxL x'g;Sg] xf] xf]Og / bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf]l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] gx'g] s] xf] eGg] d"nk|Zgdf g} JofVof e} ;f]sf] 6'Ëf] nfu]kl5 dfqk|:t't d'2fdf sf/jfxL ul/g' pko'Qm b]lvPsf]x'Fbf pQm e|i6frf/ d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6lsgf/f ePkl5 hufO{ sf/jfxL lsgf/f ug]{ u/Lk|:t't d'2f c=j+= !@ g+= adf]lhd d'NtjLdf/fvL bfo/Laf6 nut s§f ug'{ / k|:t't cfb]zsf]k|ltlnlk ;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k7fO{sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z .

o;df k|:t't d'2f o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^^.$.@& sf] cfb]zfg';f/ d'ntjL /x]sf]df;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.(.@!.# sf]cfb]zfg';f/ k|:t't d'2f sf/jfxLsf] nflu d'NtjLhufO{ lbPsf] 5 . d"n bfo/Ldf btf{ u/L k|:t'td'2f d'NtjL /xFbfsf cj:yf xfhL/ /x]sfk|ltjfbLx¿dWo] k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL,k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{ / k|ltjfbL zs'GtnfrfkfufO{nfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 g} tfl/v tf]sLk7fPsf] x'Fbf lghx¿ afx]s k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk

/f0fnfO{ & lbg] Dofb lbO{ lemsfO{ xfhL/ eP jfcjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.!).!# sf]cfb]z .

k|ltjfbL kljqf kf]v/]nsf] xsdf d'2ftfd]nLdf /fVg] 7x/ e} ;s]kl5 lghaf6 lauf]e/fp x'g g;Sg]df z'? df]/ª lhNnf cbfntn]lghaf6 ;d]t lauf] e/fpg] u/L u/]sf] km};nf/ h/Ljfgfsf] xsdf k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]n]sf] d[To' ePsf]n] lghnfO{ h/Ljfgf dfkmx'g] eP klg lghnfO{ ;d]t bfdf;fxLn] h/Ljfgfug'{kg]{df ;f]adf]lhd gu/L k|ltjfbL afns'df/Lkf]v/]nafx]s ;fthgf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ dfqbfdf;fxLn] h/Ljfgf ug]{ u/L z'? df]?Ë lhNnfcbfntaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^).#.@) sf] km};nf;f] xb;Dd ldn]sf] gb]lv+bf s]xL pN6L x'g]7x5{ . ;f] xb;Dd k'g/fj]bsx¿sf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] ;d]t k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^&.!.!# sf] km};nf .

d k 'g/fj ]bs dfnkf ]t sfof {nodf]/ªsf] tTsfnLg cj:yfsf] dfnkf]t clws[tlyPF . d]/f] ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf %&-!_ n] u/]sf] 5 . s'g}lghfdlt sd{rf/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] cf]xf]bfsf] st{Jo;DemL u/]sf] s'g} ;/sf/L sfdsf] ;DaGwdfd'2f rnfpg clVtof/jfnfsf] cg'dlt k|fKtePsf] x'g'k5{ eGg] afWofTds sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf]df ;f]cg'¿k dnfO{ k|:t't d'2f rnfpbfcg'dlt lnOPsf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdfk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 z'? km};nf ;b/ ug]{qmddf 7uL h:tf] sfo{ cf]xf]bfsf] st{Jo kfngf;DemL u/]sf] sfd xf] eGg ldNb}g egL untts{ lnOPsf] 5 . ldlt @)%^.%.!* df kf/LtePsf] ljjflbt lnvtdf d}n] dfnkf ]tclws[tsf] x}l;otn] cfkm\gf] sfo{sIfdf a;L;xL u/]sf] x'F . ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ljlw k|lqmof k"/fePkl5 dfq d]/f] ;xL ePsf] xf] . ;fy} k|:t't

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d'2f c=j+= @(-*_adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntdfbfo/ ug'{kg]{df ;f] geO{ clwsf/ If]qfTdsq ' l6 ;d ]t x 'g uPsf ] 5 . csf ] {tkm {hfx]/jfnfsf] elgPsf] lauf] s'g dfWodaf6d}n] s] slt /sd lnPsf] xf] ;f] s'/f :jo+hfx]/jfnfn] v'nfpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdfz+sfsf] e/df ck/fwL 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] ab/ u/Lem"7f bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpmF eGg] k|ltjfbLuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

ljjflbt ls=g+= !@* sf] hUuf hfx]/jfnflzjk|;fbn] lng] lg0f{o ug'{ cufl8 To:tf] hUuf36L a9L s] 5 To;sf] lkmN8 r]shfFr ug'{kg]{dfu/]sf 5}gg\ . ;f] hUuf ef8fdf lnO{ a:g] dk'g/fj]bs;Fu lgh hfx]/jfnfn] hUuf lng' cufl8;Dks{ klg u/]sf 5}gg\ . d;Fu k|ToIf ;Dks{ePsf] eP d}n] ;a} s'/f atfO{ lbg] lyPF . ;f]s]xL gu/L hUuf v/Lb u/L lnO;s] kl5 unttl/sfn] lnPsf] hUufpk/ d'2f kg]{ l:ylt pTkGgePkl5 cfˆgf] sDhf]/L 9fs5f]k ug{sf nfludpk/ ;d]t hfx]/L lbOPsf] 5 . dpk/ lbOPsf]hfx]/L Joxf]/f cGo k|df0faf6 k'li6 x'g ;s]sf]5}g . s]jn hfx]/L Joxf]/fs} cfwf/df dnfO{;d]t 7uLdf ;+nUg ePsf] egL ;hfo ug]{u/]sf] z'? tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6ePsf] km};nf kmf}hbf/L Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt;d]tsf] k|lts"n eO{ q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] pN6L u/L;kmfO{ kfpmF eGg] k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

d k'g/fj]bs Ps lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx'F . dpk/ k|:t't d'2f rnfpg' cufl8 lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf %@-@_ / ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !*-$_ adf]lhdclVtof/jfnf jf ljefuLo k|d'vaf6 cg'dltlng'kg]{df ;f] glnO{ d'2f bfo/ ul/Psf] 5 .To:t} k|:t't d'2f d'n'sL P]g, c=a+= @(-*_g+=adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 z'? sf/jfxL

x'g'kg]{df ;f] geO{ clwsf/ If]qfTds q'l6;d]tePsf] 5 . ;fy} Pp6} ljifoa:t' / s;"/dfljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}Fdf e|i6frf/ d'2fdfcleof]u bfo/ eO{ ;f] cbfntaf6 dnfO{ ;d]t;hfo ug]{ km};nf eO{ ;s]kl5 k'gM k|:t'td'2fdf klg d'2f rnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ ul/Psf] z'?tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf g]kfnsf]clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] wf/f !$-@_ /jt{dfg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf]wf/f @$-^_ ljt/Lt eO{ q'6Lk"0f{ x'Fbf pN6L ab/u/L em"7f cleof]u bfjLaf6 km';{b kfpmF eGg]k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

d k'g/fj]bs Ps lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx' F . dpk/ k|:t't d'2f rnfpg' cufl8lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf %&-@_ /;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf!*-$_ adf]lhd clVtof/jfnf jf ljefuLok|d'vaf6 cg'dlt lng'kg]{df ;f] glnO{ d'2fbfo/ ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} k|:t't d'2f d'n'sLP]g, c=a+= @(-*_ g+=adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 z'? sf/jfxL x'g'kg]{df ;f] geO{clwsf/ If]qfTds q'l6 ;d]t ePsf] 5 . ;fy}Pp6} ljifoa:t' / s;"/df ljz]if cbfntsf7df8f}Fdf e|i6frf/ d'2fdf cleof]u bfo/eO{ ;f] cbfntaf6 dnfO{ ;d]t ;hfo ug]{km};nf eO{ ;s]kl5 k'gM k|:t't d'2fdf klgd'2f rnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ ul/Psf] z'? tyfk'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf g]kfn clw/fHosf];+ljwfg @)$& sf] wf/f !$-@_ / jt{dfgg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f@$-^_ ljt/Lt eO{ q'l6k"0f{ 5 . ;fy} xflsdsf]tf]s nfu]kZrft dGqL kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o,ljefluo kl/kq Pj+ xflsdsf] lgb]{zgadf]lhdcf1fsfl/tf k"j{s ;|]:tfdf h] b]lvof] ;f]xLs'/fsf ] ;Ssnadf]lhd gSsn k|ltlnlkOdfgbf/L ;fy c;n lgotn] tof/ kf/L k]z;Dd u/]sf] sfo{ g]kfn sfg"g JofVof ;DaGwL

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P]g, @)!) sf] bkmf @-h_ ;d]taf6 s;"/u/]sf] gdflgg] cj:yfdf ;f]sf] ljk/Lt dnfO{7uLsf] cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7x/fO{ ;hfo;d]t ug]{ u/]sf] z'? tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] ;f] pN6L ab/ u/Lem"7f cleof]u bfjLaf6 km";{b kfpmF eGg]k|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df nufpsf] e|i6frf/ d'2fsf]km};nfdf lauf]sf] xsdf log} k|ltjfbL;d]t pk/df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf rn]sf] kmf}=g+= #)) sf]7uL d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhd x'g] g} x'Fbf o;dfs]xL ljrf/ ug'{ k/]g egL pNn]v eO{ /x]sf]b]lvFbf k|:t't d'2f ;f]xL d'2f;Fu ;Lw} ;DaGw/xL cGt/\k|efjL ;d]t b]lvgfn] / ;f] d'2fdfljkIfL lemsfpg] cfb]z eO{ /x]sf] kl/k|]Iodfk|:t't d'2fdf klg 5nkmn lgldQ c=j+= @)@g+=adf]lhd k|ToyL{ jfbLnfO{ lemsfO{ cfPkl5 jfcjlw gf3]kl5 k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]ldlt @)^&.*.& sf] cfb]z .

;/sf/L sd{rf/L ;d]t ;+nUg eO{lghx¿n] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otaf6 u/]sf]sfd sf/jfxLaf6 p7fg ePsf] ljifodflghx¿pk/ ;d]t rn]sf] k|:t't 7uL d'2fsf]cleof]u k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df btf{x'g'kg]{ xf] jf df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf g} ;f] d'2fbtf{ u/L To;pk/ z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f x'g;Sg] xf] ;f] ljifodf To;sf] ljj]rgf u/L l;4fGtsfod u/L ljjfbsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg ug'{plrt b]lvPsf] tyf o;} nufpsf] kmf}=k'=g+=#&^!;d]tsf] e|i6frf/ d'2fdf cfh} ePsf] km};nfdfplNnlvt cfwf/ k|df0f;d]taf6 k|:t't d'2fdfp7]sf] hl6n sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg/f]k0f a9L dfggLoGofofwLz ePsf] Ohnf;af6 eO{ l;4fGtk|ltkfbg x'g pko'Qm b]lvFbf ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-3_ adf]lhdk|:t't d'2fsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] bfo/Lsf] nuts6[f u/L k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug{' eGg] ;d]t

Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt@)^*.!.@& sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt, lj/f6gu/af6 ePsf]km };nf;lxtsf ] ldl;n cWoog u/Lk|ltjfbLx¿sf tkm{af6 bfo/ ul/Psf] k'g/fj]bgkq ;d]tsf] cWoog ul/of] . d'2f ;'g'jfOsfl;nl;nfdf k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ dx]zrfkfufO{ / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{sf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf >L /fdk|;fbe08f/L ;Dejn] afnfs'df/L / kljqf;Fu hL/xug]{ df}sf k|bfg ul/Pg, To:tf sygn] k|fdfl0fsdxTj /fVb}gg\ . k|ltjfbLx¿n] ;kmfO{ kfpg'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L s[i0fk|;fb;fksf]6fn] k|ltjfbL uf ]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLdfnkf]t sfof{nosf k|d'v klg xf]Ogg\ .dfnkf]t sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] tf]s nfu]/k|lqmof k|f/De ePsf] / hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf]k|ltlnlkdf ;Dd lghn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cj:yfx'Fbf 7uLsf] lqmofdf lghsf] ;+nUgtf eGg]b]lvFb}g . hUuf h;sf] xf], p;sf] gfddfu};s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf e|i6frf/ / 7uLsf] ljifocfslif{t x'g] cj:yf klg 5}g . Pp6} s;"/df7uL / e|i6frf/ ;d]t ePsf] egL d'2frnfOPsf] b]lvFbf k|ydtM km/s km/s s;"/xf] eGg] g} :yflkt x'g' kb{5 . ph"/L cnu–cnu x'Fb}df s;"/ g} km/s eGg] cy{ ug{ldNb}g . a'lemPsf s;}n] klg oL k|ltjfbL;Fuldn]/ s;"/hGo lqmof u/]÷ePsf] egL eg]sf]5}g . 7uL u/L nfe lnPsf] eGg] slxF st}af6b]lvPsf] 5}g . t;y{ lghn] ;kmfO{ kfpg'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >L dfwa af:sf]6f,

12301230123012301230


>L sdnd0fL lg/f}nf / >L /d]zk|;fb k|;fO{+n]sLt]{df czf]sk|tfknfO{ k|ltjfbL agfOPsf] 5}g .To;n] klg lghsf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf] eGg]a'lemG5 . lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] askqsf] ;=h=#%,#^,#&,%!,(!, ;/sf/L ;fIfLsf ?kdf /x]sfb]jLk|;fbsf] askqsf] ;=h=h @!, xl/ e6[/fO{sf];h @* ;d]taf6 czf]ssf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf]eGg] b]lvG5 . /sd lnP vfPsf] eGg] slxFaf6v'Ng cfPsf] 5}g . ;+nUgtf k'li6 x'g] s'g} klgk|df0f ge]l6Psf] x'Fbf lghn] ;kmfO kfpg' kb{5 .Pp6} ljifoj:t'df Pp6} JolQmsf lj?4df km/skm/s d'2f rnfpg ldNb}g . ljjfbsf] hUufef8fdf lnP/ a;]sf] JolQm ;f]xL hUufsf] ljifodf7uL ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg elgg' cfkm}+df ljZj;gLo5}g . t;y{, k|ltjfbLn] ;kmfO{ kfpg' kb{5 egLax; ug'{eof] .

jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 pkl:ytx'g' ePsf ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L ;/f]huf}tdn] lnvt sRrf 7xl/Psf] cj:yf dfqg/xL lnvtdf g} jb\lgot /x]sf] / To;df;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/Lsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtf /x]sf]n]e|i6frf/df d'2f rnfOPsf] xf] . lnvt ab/ /hfn;fhL d'2faf6 JolQm JolQmaLrsf] ljjfb;dfwfg eP klg To:tf] sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmsf]cfk/flws lqmofnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg ;lsg] cj:yf5}g . k|ltjfbLx¿af6 e|i6frf/ / 7uL u/L5'6[f 5'6[} s;"/ ePsf] 5 . lnvt ab/ / sLt]{d'2f kg'{ cl3 g} 7uL / e|i6frf/ d'2fsf] sf/jfxLk|f/De e};s]sf] 5 . To;}n] bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf]l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] cj:yf 5}g . u}/sfg"gLsfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L JolQm :jo+n] lng' kb{5,;/sf/L sd{rf/L x'Fb}df u}/sfg"gL sfo{ ug{kfpg] eGg] x'Fb}g . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf pd]z g]kfnsf]7uLtkm{sf] jofgaf6 klg zs'Gtnfsf] ;+nUgtfk'li6 ePsf] 5 . lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] askq /hfx]/L b/vf:tn] czf]sk|tfksf] ;+nUgtfb]vfPsf] 5 . lghn] cfkm"n] ef8fdf lnPsf]

hUufsf] hUufwgLnfO{ glrGg] eGg] x'Fb}g . To;cfwf/df klg s;"/hGo sfo{df lghsf] ;+nUgtfb]lvG5 . To;} u/L cfkm"n] k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{sfuhftx¿ /fd|/L gs]nfO{, gle8fO{ k|dfl0ftu/]sf] b]lvFbf uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] ;+nUgtf/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf ljz]if cbfnt,sf7df8f}Fsf] km};nf ;b/ x'g' kb{5 egL ax;ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] ax; lhsL/sf ;fy} k]z x'g cfPsf]ax; gf]6 ;d]tsf] cWoog u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6p7fOPsf k|Zgx¿ ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfpFbfbf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt k|:t't d'2fx¿df cfslif{tgx'g] ljifodf o;} nufpsf] e|i6frf/ d'2fdfljj]rgf eO;s]af6 k|:t't d'2fdf d"ntM b]xfosfk|Zgx¿sf] lg/f]k0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvg cfpF5 M

!= ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t k|ltjfbLagfOPsf] k|:t't 7uL d'2fsf] cleof]uk'g/fj]bg cbfntdf btf{ ul/g'kg]{ xf] jflhNnf cbfntdf g} ;f] d'2f btf{ u/Lz'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;lsg] xf] <

@= plNnlvt klxnf] k|Zgsf] lg/f]k0fkl5d'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L Gofo lg/f]k0ful/g'kg]{ cj:yfdf o;} Ohnf;af6 Gofolg?k0f ug{ ldNg] xf] jf xf]Og <

#= o;} Ohnf;af6 Gofo lg/f]k0f ug{ ldNg]cj:yfdf cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf]s;"/df k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] sf] s;sf] s]s:tf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] 5 <

$= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 ePsf]km};nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g <

@= plNnlvt k|Zgx¿df k|j]z ug'{ cl3k|:t't d'2fsf] tYout cj:yfsf af/]df ;+If]kdfpNn]vg x'g' ;fGble{s b]lvG5 . df]/ª lhNnf,lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !% l:yt

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ls=g+= !@* h=lj= )–@–) hUufsf jf:tljshUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo /x]sf] eGg] tYodfljjfb 5}g . afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n gfd u/]sLdlxnfnfO{ gSsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo agfO{gSsnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq ;d]t v8f u/L;f] cfwf/df /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo gfd btf{sf]lsQf g+= !@* sf] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL k|df0fk"hf{sf]cfwf/df ldlt @)%^.%.!* df pQm hUufsf]d"No ?= !),)),))).– -bz nfv ?k}of_ /fvLlzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ /=g+= *&% af6 /fhLgfdfkf/Lt u/L xs x:tfGt/0f ul/lbPsf] eGg] tYoklg lglj{jfb ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . To;/LgSsnL hUufwgL agL xs x:tfGt/0f u/L 7uLug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf] egL k|ltjfbLx¿zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{, o'j/fh kf]v/]n, afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n, kljqf kf]v/]n, dx]zrfkfufO{, czf]sk|tfk /f0ff, pd]zs'df/ g]kfn/ uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLnfO{ d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf]dxnsf] ! g+= / @ g+= sf] s;"/df ;f]xL dxnsf]$ g+= adf]lhd ;hfo x'g tyf hfx]/jfnflzjk|;fb l/hfnaf6 lnP vfPsf] lauf] ?=!)nfv ;a} k|ltjfbLx¿af6 lbnfO{ e/fO{hfx]/jfnfaf6 lnPsf] /fhZj ?=*),))).– ;d]tlghnfO{ lkmtf { ul/g'kg] { eGg] ;d]tsf ]dfubfjL;lxt df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf cleof]ukq bfo/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

#= df]/ª lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^).#.#) df km};nf x'Fbf k|ltjfbLx¿n]cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] 7x¥ofO{ePsf] km};nf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6;d]t ;f] xb;Dd ;b/ ePsf] /x]5 . ;f]km };nfpk/ k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] s]jn dx]zrfkfufO{+, zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL/ czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgu/]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . oL k'g/fj]bgsf]/f]xdf o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6

;/sf/L sd{rf/L ;d]t ;+nUg eO{ lghx¿n];/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otaf6 u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6 p7fg ePsf] ljifodf lghx¿pk/;d]t rn]sf] k|:t't 7uL d'2fsf] cleof]uk'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df btf{ x'g'kg]{ xf]jf df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf g} ;f] d'2f btf{ u/LTo;pk/ z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f x'g ;Sg] xf]eGg] ljifodf ljj]rgf u/L l;4fGt sfod u/Lljjfbsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg ug'{ plrt b]lvPsf]egL k|Zg p7fO{ ;f] hl6n sfg"gL k|Zgsf]lg/f]k0f k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 x'g' pko'Qm x'g] x'Fbf;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod#-!_-3_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z ug{'egL ePsf] cfb]zadf]lhd k|:t't d'2f o;Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] 5 .

$= plNnlvt ;Gbe{df k|ydtM dflylgwf{/0f ul/Psf] klxnf] k|Zgdf k|j]z ubf{k|:t't d'2fsf k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] k|ltjfbL dx]zrfkfufO{+ If]qLo afnL ;+/If0f k|of]uzfnfsfsd{rf/L /x]sf 5g\ . k|ltjfbLx¿ uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ gSsnL JolQmnfO{hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk lbg] / lnvtkf/Lt ul/lbg] dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªsfsd{rf/L /x]sf] tYodf ljjfb g/x]sf] / lghx¿n];f]xL sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otaf6 g}cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;+nUg /x]sf]eGg] b]vfOPsf] 5 . To;/L ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lpk/gfln; lbFbf ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntdflbg'kg]{ eGg] d'n'sL P]g, cbfntL aGbf]j:tsf]@( sf] b]xfo * gDa/df sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]kl/k|]Iodf k|:t't d'2fsf k|ltjfbLx¿ uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L/x]sf] x'Fbf k|:t't d'2fsf] p7fg k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 x'g'kg]{ egL ts{ ul/g' c:jfefljsxf]Og . o;} ;Gbe{df o; cbfntsf] ;+o'QmOhnf;n] klg oxL k |Zg p7fP/ k "0f {Ohnf;;dIf k]z u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .

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%= d'n'sL P]g, cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf]@( g+= df cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/;DaGwdfJoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . s'g d'2f s'g Onfsfsf]cbfntaf6 x]l/g'kg]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf ;f] gDa/n]:ki6 u/]sf] 5 . pQm @( sf] b]xfo * gDa/dfpNn]v ePcg';f/ c8\8f;DaGwL sfd s'/fdf;/sf/L sd{rf/Lpk/ jf To:tf sd{rf/Lsf;fy cGo JolQmx¿ ;d]tpk/ gfln; lbg'kbf{ To:tf] d'2f jfbL /x]sf] jf ;f] sfd s'/feP u/]sf] Onfsfsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdflbg'k5{ . of] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ k|:t't d'2fsf]tYo;Fu tfbfTDotf sfod u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg]k|:t't d'2fsf s]xL k|ltjfbL ;/sf/L sd{rf/L/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . t/, pQm sfg"gLJoj:yfnfO{ ;txL ?kdf dfq a'em\g' x'Fb}g,To;/L a'em\bf sfg"gsf] unt cy{jf]w u/]sf]7xl/G5 . c8\8f;DaGwL sfd s'/fdf eGg]afSof+z ;d]t /x]sf] pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfn];/sf/L sd{rf/L k|ltjfbL /x]sf] cj:yfnfO{dfq O{+lut u/]sf] 5}g . To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]cfkm\gf] kbLo lhDd]jf/LcGtu{t cfkm" sfo{/t\sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt sfd u/]sf] cj:yfdfdfq pQm sfg"gL Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g] b]lvG5 .;/sf/L sd{rf/L k|ltjfbL x'g] ljlQs} To:tfd'2fsf] lkm/fb jf cleof]u kq k'g/fj]bgcbfntdf bfo/ ul/g'kg]{ cy{ ug{ ldNb}g .;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] st{Jokfngsf] ;Gbe{dfu/]sf] sfo{af6 p7]sf] d'2fsf] zL3| lg0f{o xf];\eGg] ljlwstf{sf] clek|fo pQm c=j+= @( sf]b]xfo * gDa/sf] xf] . csf]{ ?kdf ;/sf/Lsd{rf/Lsf] ;+/If0f / ;'ljwfsf] k|aGw ug]{ of]sfg"g cfk/flws sfo{sf] /Iffsar aGg ;Sb}g .s'g} klg dfnkf]t sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdfPp6f JolQmsf] ;DklQ cs}{ gSsnL JolQmv8f u/L x:tfGt/0f u/fpg] sfo {nfO {c8\8f;DaGwL sfd s'/f dfGg ;lsFb}g .c8\8f;DaGwL sfdsf] kl/lwdf gkg]{ sfo{af6

pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdsf] efuL ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lj}olQms ?kdf g} x'g' kb{5 . ;j"b k|df0fsf]d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df lghsf] cfk/flwstflgSof}{n x'g] 5'6[} ljifo xf] . k|:t't d'2fdfk|ltjfbLx¿pk/ 7uLsf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] 5 .7uLhGo sfo{ s'g} klg c8\8f;DaGwL sfd x'g;Sb}g, g t s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] kbLost{Jokfngfleq 7uL ug]{ sfo{ g} kb{5 . To;}n]k|:t't d'2fsf s]xL k|ltjfbL ;/sf/L sd{rf/L/x]sf] eGg] dfq cfwf/df k|:t't d'2fnfO{ c=j+=sf]@( sf] b]xfo * gDa/cGtu{tsf] d'2fsf ?kdf/fVg ldNg] b]lvg cfpFb}g . To;/L k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ cfslif{t x'g] cj:yfgb]lvFbf k|:t't d'2f :jtM lhNnf cbfntsf]If]qflwsf/leqsf] b]lvg cfof] .

^= k|:t't d'2fdf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf %& sf] ;Gbe{ klg p7]sf] 5 .;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf %& df lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]arfp;DaGwL Joj:yfcGtu{t pkbkmf -!_ dflghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jokfng ;DemL u/]sf] s'g} ;/sf/L sfdsf] ;DaGwdflghpk/ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{d'2f rNg ;Sg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] /pkbkmf -@_ df s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lpk/ d'2frnfpgsf] nflu kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] xsdfclVtof/jfnfsf]d: cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] x'g'kg]{afWofTds Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, k|:t'td'2fdf lghfdtL ;]jfdf /x]sf k|ltjfbLx¿sf]lqmof cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfng ;DemL u/]sf] ;/sf/LsfdcGtu{tsf] sfd xf] eGg] b]lvg cfpFb}g .

&= lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf /x]sf] plNnlvtJoj:yfn] sd{rf/LnfO{ lagf 8/, wfs / k|efjdfcfkm\gf] kbLo lhDd]jf/Lleq kg]{ sfo{ ug{ pTk|]l/tub{5 . cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L Odfgbf/Lk"j{s lgjf{xubf{;Dd sd{rf/Lsf] arfp ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 .t/, of] sfg"gL k|fjwfgn] sd{rf/LnfO{ jb\lgotsf

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;fy sfo{ ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfg ub}{g, g t To:tf]sd{rf/Lsf] arfp g} ub{5 . s'g} klg 7uLhGosfo{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jokfng;DemL u/]sf] sfo{cGtu{t kb}{g . To:tf] sfo{nfO{ljBdfg sfg"gn] kmf }hbf/L s;"/cGtu{tkl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . To:tf] s;"/hGo sfo{ ug]{JolQmnfO{ lgh ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf /x]sf] eGg]dfq cfwf/df pGd'lQm k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zo lghfdtL;]jf P]gn] u|x0f u/]sf] xf]Og / To;nfO{ Toltljs[t ?kdf a'em\g' klg x'Fb}g .

*= lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] of]sfg"gL ;+/rgfn] clVtof/jfnfsf] cg'dltlagfkmf}hbf/L d'2f rNg} g;Sg] k|aGw u/]sf] 5 .lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] arfpsf] of] Joj:yf klglg/k]If xf]Og . ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ o:tf] arfpcfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jokfng ;DemL u/]sf];/sf/L sfdsf xsdf dfq k|fKt x'G5 . 7uL /e|i6frf/ h:tf cfk/flws sfo{ ;/sf/Lsd{rf/Lsf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jokfngsf] ljifo x'g;Sb}g . o:tf cfk/flws sfo{ lj?4 d'2f rnfpgclVtof/jfnfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' / :jLs[lt lng'kg]{sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] dfGg ;lsFb}g . sd{rf/Lsf]xs / lxtsf nflu ;+/lrt arfpsf] sfg"gLk|fjwfg kbLo st{Jo kfngfnfO{ k|efjsf/Lagfpg] p2]Zon] ul/Psf] xf] . kbsf] b'?kof]uu/L 7uL / e|i6frf/ h:tf s;"/hGo sfo{df;+nUg x'gsf nflu To:tf] arfpsf] k|fjwfg;xof]uL aGg ;Sb}g . tTsfnLg lghfdtL ;]jfP]g / lgodsf kl/k|]Iodf JofVof ePsf]hogf/fo0f ;d]t lj?4 If]qk|;fb lu/L ;d]tePsf] lkmN8a's ;RofPsf] btf{ ljifos d'2fdfo; cbfntsf] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 ælghfdtLsd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfngdf jfcf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfng ;DemL u/]sf] s'g} ;/sf/Lsfdsf] ;DaGwdf lghfdtL sd{rf/L pk/ ph"/ubf{ dfq pQm bkmf !) sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]xf] . lkmN8a's ;RofO{ klxn] Pp6fsf] gfd

n]lvPsf] sf6L csf{sf] gfd ykL lbPsf] eGg]s'/fnfO{ cfkm\gf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfng ;DemLu/]sf] eGg gldNg]Æ egL l;4fGt ;d]t k|ltkflbtePsf] -g]sfk @)#&, h]7, lg=g+= !##$, k[i7!^_ ;Gbe{df ;d]t k|:t't d'2f k'g/fj]bgcbfntdf btf{ x'g'kg]{ eGg] k|ltjfbLx¿sf]lhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

(= ca k|:t't d'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]zu/L Gofo lg/f]k0f ul/g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . To;/LGofo lg?k0f ubf{ ;f] ljifo ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf]If]qflwsf/sf] ljifo dfgL ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df g}lkmtf{ ul/g'kg]{ xf] jf o; Ohnf;af6 Gofolg?k0f ug{ ldNg] xf] eGg] k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs5 . o; ;Gbe{df o;} nufpsf] e|i6frf/ d'2fdflj:tf/df pNn]v ul/;lsPsf] x'Fbf k'gM ljj]rgful//xg' k/]g . pQm d'2fdf ePsf] JofVofsfcfwf/df of] Ohnf; k|:t't d'2fsf] tYoleqk|j]z u/L Gofo lg?k0f ug{ plrt ;DemG5 .

!)= ca, k|:t't d'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]zu/L cleof ]u bfjLadf ] lhdsf s;"/dfk|ltjfbLx¿dWo] sf] s;sf] s] s:tf] ;+nUgtf/x]sf] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ ePsf]5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't d'2fdfk|ltjfbL agfOPsf / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/;d]taf6 ;hfo x'g] 7x/ ePsf JolQmx¿dWo]dx]z rfkfufO{, zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{, uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL / czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf] dfq o;cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg kg{ cfPsf] cj:yf 5 .k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 ;hfo x'g] 7x/ePsf JolQmx¿dWo] afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] d[To'e};s]sf] 5 . o'j/fh kf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n/ pd]zs'df/ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 o; cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg kg{ cfPsf] 5}g . o;/L k'g/fj]bggug]{ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] xsdf c=j+= @)% g+= sf]cj:yfdf afx]s ljj]rgf ug{ gldNg] sfg"gLJoj:yfsf ;DaGwdf o;} nufpsf] e|i6frf/ d'2f-k|:t't d'2f o;} cÍsf] lg=g+= **&$ df k|sflzt

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5 – ;Dkfbs_ df rrf{ ul/;lsPsf] x'Fbf ;f];DaGwdf klg oxfF k'g/fj[lQ ul//xg'kg]{ b]lvgcfPg .

!!= afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] cfkm"nfO{/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf ?kdf k|:t't u/LgSsnL gful/stf ;d]t k]z u/L lsQf g+=!@* sf ] hUufsf jf:tljs hUufwgL/f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] hUuf cs}{ JolQmnfO{ xsx:tfGt/0f u/]sf] eGg] tYo lglj{jfb ?kdf:yflkt ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;/L csf{sf gfdsf]hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{df lgh afnfs'df/Lsf]elthf] gftfsf o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] tf/tDoldnfPsf], /f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] 5f]/f agL bfgaxfb'// a'xf/L agL kljqf kf]v/]nn] cleof]ucg';f/ck/fw u/]sf] 7x/ eO{ k'g/fj]bg gk/L clGtdePsf] 5 . To;} u/L csf{ k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/g]kfnn] k|:t't d'2fdf u/]sf] jofgdf cfkm"n]lbbL zs'Gtnf / legfh' dx]z rfkfufO{ +;d]t;Fusf] ldnf]dtf]df gSsnL hUufwgL v8fu/L hUuf kf; ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] egL;f]afkt cfkm"n] ;d]t /sd lng' vfg' u/]sf]s'/f cbfntdf jofg ubf{ ;d]t :ki6;FuatfPsf 5g \ . o;/L oL k | ltjfbLx¿afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n, o'j/fhkf]v/]n / pd]zs'df/ g]kfnsf] ;+nUgtf k'li6ePsf] dfgL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/n]lghx¿nfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf ]km};nfpk/ lghx¿n] k'g/fj]bg ;d]t gu/]sf]l:yltdf lghx¿sf] xsdf clGtd eP/ /x]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] km};nfsfkl/k|]Iodf ;d]t k|:t't k'g/fj]bg kqx¿dfljrf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .

!@= o; cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug]{k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtfsf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{ k|ltjfbLdWo]sf uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL pQm;dodf dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªsf dfnkf]tclws[tsf ?kdf sfo{/t\ /x]sf] eGg] tYodf

ljjfb b]lvFb}g . lghn] cfkm";dIf cfPsfsfuhftx¿ /fd|f];Fu gx]/L ghfFrL k|dfl0ftul/ lbPsf ] sf/0 fa f6 g } j f:t ljs/f ] lx0fLs 'df/Lsf gfdsf ] hUuf gSsnL/f]lx0fLs'df/Ln] laqmL ug{ ;Dej ePsf] x'Fbflgh ;d]t ;+nUg /xL 7uL sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]eGg] ;d]tsf] cfwf/df lghnfO{ ;d]t k|ltjfbLagfO{ cleof]u kq bfo/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . gSsnLJolQm afnfs'df/Laf6 hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf]gSsn k|fKt ug]{ / ;f]xL k"hf{sf cfwf/dfhUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] x'Fbf tL k|lqmofdfoL k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] ;+nUgtfsf]k|ZgnfO{ x]bf{ ldlt @)%^.$.@ df /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofosf] hUufwgL btf{ k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsnkfpFm eGg] lgj]bg dfnkf]t sfo{nodf btf{ePsf] 5 . ;f] lgj]bgdf k|d'v dfnkf]tclws[tsf x}l;otn] zlzgf/fo0f bf;n] tf]snufO{ k|lqmof cl3 a9]sf] eGg] b]lvG5 . To;/LgSsn pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof k|f/De ePkl5;f] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kmfF6af6 ;a} laa/0f?h' u/L clws[t;dIf k]z x'g] lgoldtk|zf;lgs k|lqmofcGtu{t g} tTsfnLg dfnkf]tclws[t lgh uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL;dIf k]z ePsf]/ lghn] ;f] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] kfOG5 . ;f]xLk"hf{sf cfwf/df ldlt @)%^.%.!* df / g+=*&% sf] lnvt kf/Lt ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 .t/, dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] clws[t sd{rf/Lsf]x}l;otaf6 ePsf] ;f] sfo{df lghsf] jb\lgot/x]sf] jf lghn] ;f] sfo{ u/]jfkt lnP vfPsf]eGg] s'/f slxF st}af6 b]lvPsf] 5}g . ;f]sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf cbfntdf ;d]t ;fljtx'g] pd]zs'df/ g]kfn / df}sfdf ;fljt /xLs;"/sf af/]df a]nLlj:tf/ nufpg] afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]n ;d]tn] lgh uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL ;d]tsf];+nUgtfdf ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] egL :ki6Pj+ ls6fgL;fy pNn]v u/]sf] cj:yf klgb]lvFb}g . 36gfdf hfgfhfgL ;+nUg x'g' /

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cghfgj; 36gfsf] s'g} r/0fdf ;xefuL ePsf]b ] lvg' km/s–km/s s'/f x'g \ . dfnkf ]tsfof{nosf] clws[tsf ?kdf jxfn /x]sfJolQmn] cfkm\gf] sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt s'g}sfo{df ;+nUg /xg' p;sf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L g}xf] . To:tf] sfo{df ;+nUg x'g' p;sf] st{Joklg xf] . To;/L st{Jokfngf ug]{ l;nl;nfdfjb\lgot /fvL cfkm"n] nfe lng] jf cGos;}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]df To:tf] lqmoflgZro g} u}/sfg"gL x'G5 . s;}nfO{ nnfO{kmsfO{ jf hfn kl/k~r u/L jf sLt]{ sfuhagfO{, lbO{ jf k]z u/L jf em"6\7f] s'/fnfO{ ;2]xf] egL em'SofO{ jf wf]sf jf ukmntdf kf/Ls;}nfO{ gf]S;fg jf cfkm"nfO{ kmfObf x'g]sfo{nfO{ 7uLsf ?kdf lnOG5 . t/, oL k|ltjfbLuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLn] To:tf] jb\lgot /fvL sfo{u/]sf] jf cfkm"nfO{ nfe x'g] u/L s'g} sfo{u/]sf] eGg] s'/f k'li6 x'g gcfPsf] x'Fbf s]ancg'dfg / cfz+sfsf cfwf/df lghnfO{ s;"/bf/dfGg ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . t;y{,lghnfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd q'l6k"0f{b]lvg cfof] .

!#= csL{ k|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+sf]xsdf ljrf/ ubf{ lgh pQm ;dodf dfnkf]tsfof{no, df]/ªsf] vl/bf/ kbdf sfo{/t\ /x]sf]eGg] b]lvG5 . lghsf] kbLo lhDd]jf/LnfO{ x]bf{lgh df]7 kmfF6df /xL sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] eGg]klg b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . t/, k|:t't d'2fsf];du| tYo s]nfpFbf lgh df]7 kmfF6df df]7le8fpg] jf df]7df hgfpg];Ddsf] sfo{df dfq;Lldt g/xL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nnfO{ gSsnLhUufwgLsf ?kdf v8f u/L lsQf g+= !@* sf]hUuf laqmL ug]{ ;du| k|lqmofdf g} ;+nUg/x]sf] eGg] ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0faf6 b]lvgcfPsf] 5 . lgh zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+s} efO{gftfsf pd]zs'df/ g]kfn / gSsnL hUufwgL

ag]sL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] aofgdf lghzs'Gtnfsf] ;+nUgtfsf af/]df k6sk6s k|i6zAbdf pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . lghn] ;f] sfo{;DkGg ug{ ;DalGwt JolQmx¿nfO{ hUuf/lhi6]«]zg kf/Lt u/L laqmL ug]{ ;du| k|lqmofsfaf/]df cjut u/fO{ gSsnL hUufwgL /hUufwgLsf] 5f]/f, a'xf/L ;d]tsf] clego ug{nufPsf] eGg] ;d]t k|df0faf6 v'Ng cfPsf]5 . o;/L cfkm" sfo{/t\ sfof{no;DaGwL sfdsf]cg'ej / kbLo lhDd]jf/Lsf] b'?kof]u u/LPp6f JolQmsf] gfddf /x]sf] hUuf jf:tljshUufwgLsf] pkl:ylt lagf g} gSsnL hUufwgLv8f u/L cs}{ JolQmnfO{ xs x:tfGt/0f u/Lu/fO{ cfk/flws sfo{ u/]sf] k|df0faf6 k'li6x'g cfof] . lghn] o; k|lqmofdf lgjf{x u/]sf]e"ldsfnfO{ x]bf{ 7uLsf] ! / @ g+=cGtu{tsf]s;"/hGo sfo{ u/]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf oL k|ltjfbLzs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+n] d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] ! / @g+=cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x/ u/L lghnfO{;hfo ug ] { u/ ]sf ] k 'g/fj ]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd dgfl;j g}b]lvof] .

!$= csf{ k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+sf]xsdf x]bf{ lgh If]qLo afnL ;+/If0f k|of]uzfnf,lj/f6gu/df sfo{/t\ /x]sf] kfOG5 . kbLolhDd]jf/Lsf lx;fan] lghsf] cfa4tf dfnkf]tsfof{no;Fu /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . t/, lghn] cfkm\gL>LdtL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+;Fu ldnf]dtf] u/Ldfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªaf6 ePsf] k|:t'td'2f;Fu ;DalGwt hUuf laqmLsf] sfo{df ;+nUg/x]sf] eGg] cleof]u bfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . oLk|ltjfbL cfkm"n] s;"/ u/]sf] s'/fdf OGsf//xg'sf ;fy} hUuf kf/Lt ePsf] lbg cfkm"cGoq /x]sf] egL lhsL/ lnP klg lghsf];+nUgtfsf af/]df lghsf ;fnf gftf kg]{pd]zs'df/ g]kfn / gSsnL hUufwgL aGg]afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] cfkm\gf] aofgdf :ki6;Fu

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pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{ldlt @)%^.%.!* df ;DkGg eP klg ;f]sf]rfFhf]kfFhf] cyf{t\ tf/tDo ldnfpg] sfo{ eg]s]xL cl3b]lv g} k|f/De ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 .;f] tYo pd]zs'df/ g]kfn / afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]nsf] jofgaf6 klg v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] jofgdf hUuf v/LblaqmLsf] s'/f x'Fbf legfh' dx]z rfkfufO+{sf]klg pkl:ylt lyof] egL cbfntdf ;d]t:ki6;Fu pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvFbf To;/L hUuflaqmLsf] k|lqmofdf oL k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+klg ;+nUg /x]sf] eGg] v'Ng cfPsf] kl/k|]Iodflnvt kf/Lt ePsf] lbg cfkm" cGoq /x]sf]eGg] lghsf] lhsL/nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ lghnfO{;kmfO{ lbg ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . t;y{oL k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/L ;hfoug]{ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/sf]km};nf ;f] xb;Dd dgfl;j g} b]lvg cfof] .

!%= csf{ k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf]xsdf ljrf/ ubf { lghn] /f ]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo;Fu ;f]xL hUuf axfndf lnO{ k|of]uub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 . gSsnL hUufwgL v8fu/L lsQf g+= !@* sf] pQm hUuf laqmL ug]{sfo{df lgh;d]t ;+nUg /x]sf] eGg] cleof]ubfjL /x]sf] eP klg lghsf] ;+nUgtf b]lvg]vfnsf] k|df0f k]z x'g ;s]sf] kfOb}g .k|ltjfbLdWo]sL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] df}sfsf]aofgdf lgh czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf] gfd pNn]vePsf] eP klg lgh ;d]t ;+nUg e} hUuflaqmLsf] sfo{ ul/Psf] / To;af6 lghn] nfe;d]t lnPsf] egL eGg ;s]sf] kfO{+b}g . cfkm"n]ef8fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ ;SsnL hUufwgLsf];6[f gSsnL JolQm v8f u/L t];|f] JolQmnfO{ljqmL ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{ sf/0f s]xL b]lvFb}g .o; sfo{af6 lghnfO{ s'g} nfe x'g] klg b]lvFb}g .cfkm}+n] hUuf axfndf lnPsf JolQmsf lj?4dfcfkm}+nfO{ ;d]t c;/ kg]{ u/L hUuf laqmL ug]{

sfo{df lgh ;xefuL eP xf]nfg\ egL :jfefljs?kdf cg'dfg ;d]t ug{ ;lsFb}g . lghsf];+nUgtf :yflkt x'g] vfnsf] :ki6 k|df0fjfbL kIfaf6 k]z x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdfcg'dfgsf cfwf/df dfq 7uLsf] s;"/dfs;"/bf/ 7x/ ug'{ Gofof]lrt\ x'Fb}g . t;y{lghnfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf] xb;Dd k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, lj/f6gu/sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ b]lvgcfof] .

!^= ca, k 'g/fj ]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/af6 ePsf] ldlt @)^&.!.!# sf] km};nfldn]sf] 5, 5}g eGg] clGtd k|Zgdf ljrf/ ubf{dfly ul/Psf] ljj]rgf Pj+ ljZn]if0f tyfcleof]u bfjLsf] s;"/df k|ltjfbLx¿sf];+nUgtfsf] af/]df ul/Psf] ljj]rgf ;d]tsfcfwf/df k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ dWo]sf uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL / czf]sk|tfk /f0ff cleof]u bfjLsf]s;"/df ;+nUg /x]sf] eGg] tYoo'Qm k|df0fsf]cefjdf lghx¿nfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{b]lvFbf pN6L e} lghx¿n] cleof]u bfjLaf6;kmfO{ kfpg] 7x5{ .

!&= cGo k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ dx]zrfkfufO{+ / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+sf xsdf lghx¿n]cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x¥ofO{;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] xb;Dd k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf dgfl;j g} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'G5 .

!*= h/Ljfgf tyf lauf]sf] xsdf,d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] $ g+= df ePsf] sfg"gLJoj:yf ;d ]tsf cfwf/df lauf ]? =!) ,*),))).– s; "/b f/ 7x l/Psfk|ltjfbLx¿af6 bfdf;fxLn] c;"npk/ u/Lhfx]/jfnf kLl8t lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ e/fO{lbg'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg cfpF5 . To;/L cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpg] k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ afx]subf{ hgxL c;"npk/ ug'{kg]{ lauf]sf] cÍ:jfefljs ?kdf a9\g hfg] x'G5 . To;/L

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c;"npk/ ug'{kg] { lauf]sf] /sd a9fpFbfk'g/fj]bg gug]{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ k|ltjfbsf]df}sf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ xf] ls eGgnfO{ lghx¿n]cfkm"nfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] km};nfdf lrQ a'emfO{ k'g/fj]bggu/L ck/fw :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf ePaf6hgxL c;"n ug'{kg]{ lauf] /sd x]/km]/ ug{sfg"gtM s'g} afwf kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg cfpFb}g .ck/fw :jLsf/ ul//x]sf k|ltjfbLx¿n] To;sf]kl/0ffd :j?k x'g] ljuf] / h/Ljfgfsf] ;fdfGox]/km]/nfO{ lg0f{odf tflTjs cGt/ dfGg ldNb}g .o:tf] ;fdfGo x]/km]/nfO{ lghx¿sf] xsdf pN6LePsf] eGg ldNb}g .

!(= t;y{, lauf]adf]lhd h/Ljfgf x'g]sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] km};nfdf k|lqmofut ?kdflauf] / h/Ljfgfsf] cÍ;Dd km/s kg]{ ePsfn]pQm km};nfdf ;f] xb;Dd km/s kg]{ eO{s;"/bf/ 7x/ ePsf k|ltjfbLx¿af6 hgxL?=!,*),))).– sf b/n] lauf] c;"n u/L;f]xLadf]lhd h/Ljfgf ;d]t x'g] 7x5{ . c?dftk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Ln

dfly OG;fkm v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhdk'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ dWo]sf uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL/ czf]shFu eGg] czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpg] 7x/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cGok|ltjfbLx¿sf] xsdf ;d]t lauf] / hl/jfgfsf]cÍdf km/s k/]sf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^&.!.!# sf] km};nfsf]tk;Ln v08 ! / @ g+= adf]lhdsf] nutsfod g/xg] x' Fbf pQm nut s6[f u/Lb]xfoadf]lhdsf] nut s;L c;"npk/ ;d]tu/L sfg"gadf]lhd hfx]/jfnfnfO{ e/fOlbg' egLz'? df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf n]vL k7fOlbg" ===!

k|ltjfbLx¿sf] gfdM afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nMs}b h/LjfgfM lgh afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] d[To'

e};s]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf d'n'sL P]g, b08;hfosf] # g+= adf]lhd s}b / h/Ljfgfsf]xsdf dfkmL x'g] x'Fbf nut sfod g/xg]

c;"npk/ ug'{kg]{ lauf] /sdM ?=!,*),))).–k|ltjfbLx¿sf] gfdM bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n, o'j/fh

kf]v/]n, pd]zs'df/ g]kfn, dx]zrfkfufO{+, zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+

s}bM ! -Ps jif{_,h/LjfgfM ?=!,*),))).–c;"npk/ ug'{kg]{ lauf] /sdM?=!,*),))).–

dfly OG;fkm v08df n]lvPadf]lhdk'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL /czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfOkfpg] 7x/]sf] x'Fbf lghx¿n] z'? df]/ª lhNnfcbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd /fv]sf] w/f}6afktsf]h]yf hdfgtsf] ;DklQsf] /f]Ssf km's'jf ul/lbg'egL ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fOlbg" =======@

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+ / dx]z rfkfufO{+af6 km};nfcg';f/sf]s}b tyf h/Ljfgf / lauf] c;"npk/ ePkl5lghx¿n] z'? df ]/ª lhNnf cbfntsf]cfb]zadf]lhd w/f}6afkt /fv]sf] h]yf hdfgtsf];DklQ /f]Ssf km's'jf ul/kfpFm egL b/vf:tlbg cfPdf /f]Ssf km's'jf ul/lbg' egL ;DalGwtsfof{nodf n]vL k7fOlbg" ==#

k|:t't km};nfsf] hfgsf/L jfbL g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ lbO{ k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nuts6[f u/L ldl;n lgodadf]lhd u/L a'emfOlbg" $pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tLGof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\

&&&&&

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lg0f{o g+= **&$ lg0f{o g+= **&$ lg0f{o g+= **&$ lg0f{o g+= **&$ lg0f{o g+= **&$

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tLdfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

d'2f g+=M)^*–CF–)))(,))!),))!! / ))!@km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@*

d'2f M e|i6frf/ .

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !^ a:g]dx]z rfkfufO{

lj?4k|ToyL{÷jfbLM /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo ;d]tsf]

hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/

pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !^ a:g]zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+


hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= $ a:g]uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL



k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM lhNnf df]/ª, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !% a:g]czf]sk|tfk /f0ff



ljz]if cbfntdf km};nf ug]{ Mdf=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/df=Gof=>L uf]ljGbk|;fb k/fh'nLdf=Gof=>L e"kWjh clwsf/L

§ bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGtn] d"ntM pxLJolQmsf lj?4df pxL s;"/df klxn] g}sf/jfxL eO{ ;hfo kfO;s]sf] jf ;kmfO{kfO;s]sf] cj:yfnfO{ O{+lut ub{5 . o;cfwf/df of] l;4fGt k"j{ lg0f{o;Fu;DalGwt b]lvG5 . of] l;4fGt cfslif{tx'gsf nflu d'Vo ?kdf ;Ifd lgsfoaf6lg0f{o ePsf] x'g'kg]{, lg0f{o clGtd ePsf]x'g'kg]{ / To:tf] lg0f{o :jR5 ;d]tx'g'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ cd's sfg"gL l;4fGtnfO{ cf8 agfP/

cfk/flws lqmof ug]{ jf To:tf] lqmofdf;+nUg JolQmnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg] ;f]rcfkm}+df sk6k"0f{ x'g] .

§ cfkm" ;+nUg cfk/flws lqmofsf] oyfy{jf]wgu/L s]an cd's sfg"gL l;4fGtsf]cf8 lnP/ cfkm \gf ] b " l i ftdg;focg';f/sf] lqmof ug]{ k|j[lQkmf}hbf/L Gofo Joj:yfsf nflu r'gf}tLsf?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] To:tf]k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{ klg kmf}hbf/Lsfg"gsf] p2]Zo /xg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ b'a} d'2fdf kLl8t kIf km/s km/s

/x]sf 5g\ eg] e|i6frf/ / 7uL d'2fdfck/fwsf] k|s[lt / uDeL/tf, To;dfx'g] ;hfo / lauf], kLl8t kIfnfO{k|bfg ul/g] pkrf/df klg km/s km/scj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf /x]sf] 5 . b'a}d'2f ;/sf/jfbL e} rNg] eP klg

12391239123912391239

**&$ - dx]z rfkfufO{ lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

e | i6 frf/ d '2 fdf e | i6 frf/lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf cfslif{tx'G5 eg] 7uL d'2f, d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf]dxncGtu{t kg]{ .

§ b'O{ 5'6[f5'6} sfg"gåf/f kl/efliftck/fwcGtu{t kg]{ s;"/sf xsdf tL5'6[f5'6[} sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPadf]lhd d'2fkl/rflnt x'g] cj:yf ePdf bf]xf]/f]vt/fsf] l;4fGt nfu" gx'g] .

§ Pp6} tYoaf6 Ps eGbf a9L s;"/ x'g;Sb5g\ . o;/L ;du| tYo / ;Da4sfg"gL Joj:yf / To;n] k|bfg ug]{pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/dfkm/s km/s cj:yfnfO{ k|ltlglwTju/]af6 e|i6frf/ d'2f / 7uL d'2fnfO{Pp6} ljifo dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_§ s;}n] sfg"gåf/f lglif4 cfk/flws sfo{

u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sfo{nfO{ cnu–cnu sfg"gn] cnu–cnu ck/fwdfGb5 eg] To;nfO{ Pp6} s;"/ dfg]/Pp6f dfq sfg"gcGtu{t sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{egL ;Lldt t'Nofpg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_§ e|i6frf/ d'2f / 7uL d'2fdf pg}

JolQmx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] / k|ltjfbLsfod ul/Psf] eP klg pgLx¿n]km/s km/s x}l;otaf6 cfk/flwssfo{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf lauf]sf]xsdf eg] 7uLsf] 36gfaf6 kLl8tePsf JolQmnfO { k 'u ]sf ] xflg /e|i6frf/ d'2fdf e|i6frf/hGo lqmoful/Psf] elgPsf] cÍ Pp6} ePsfn]To;nfO{ b'a} d'2fdf lauf]sf] ?kdfsfod ug{ dgfl;j gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!#_

§ e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df lauf] ;d]tsf] bfjLlnO{ cleof]u bfo/ ePsf] cj:yfdfh/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo;Dd x'g] 7x/fO{ lauf]sf]xsdf 7uL d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhd x'g]egL ePsf] km};nfnfO{ cGoyf eGggldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!$_§ df}sfdf / cbfntdf ;d]t pkl:yt e}

Pp6f Joxf]/fsf] jofg lbg], ;f] jofgJoxf]/fnfO{ sfg"gL k|lqmofaf6} cGoyf xf]egL k'li6 gu/L ;fdfGo lgj]bg k|]liftu/]/ cfkm\gf] k"j{ jofg Joxf]/fnfO{ cGoyfegL pNn]v ub}{df To:tf] kl5Nnf]cleJolQmn] k|fdfl0fs dxTj u|x0f ug{g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=@$_

k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf >L /fdk|;fb e08f/L …;DejÚljåfg clwjQmfx¿ s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f,dfwa af:sf]6f, sdndl0f lg/f}nf //d]zk|;fb k|;fO{

jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ;/f]h uf}tdcjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]

wf/f !$-@_§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f @$-^_§ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf

&-!_, bkmf &, * tyf !^s=§ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,

@)$* -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg @)%(_ sf] bkmf #)§ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]

lgod #-!_-3_§ cbfntL aGbf]j:tsf] @)% g+=

12401240124012401240


km};nfGof=k|sfz j:tLM ljz]if cbfntsf] ldlt

@)^).!@.# sf] km};nfpk/ ljz]if cbfnt P]g,@)%( sf] bkmf !& adf]lhdadf]lhd kg{ cfPsf]k'g/fj]bgsf /f]xdf ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-3_ad]flhd k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z ug'{ egL ePsf]cfb]zcg';f/ o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf]k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf//x]sf] 5M

lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, jf8{ g+=!) xfn jf8{ g+= !% sf] ls=g+= !@* sf] h=la=)–@–) hUuf xfd|f] cljl5Gg ef]urngsf] xf] .ljkIfL ck/fwL JolQmx¿sf] ldn]dtf]af6 hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn kfpg ldlt @)%^.$.@ ut]lgj]bg dfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªdf btf{ u/Lsf7df8f}F lhNnfaf6 hf/L g} gePsf] gful/stfgDa/ ldlt pNn]v u/L dfnkf]tsf sd{rf/Lk|ToIf ;fd]n eO{ xfdLnfO{ xflg / cfkm"nfO{nfe k'¥ofpg] lgotn] s'g} lg:;f k|df0fljgf g}xfd|f] hUufwgL k"hf{df kmf]6f] 6fF; u/fO{ gSsnlnO{ ldlt @)%^.%.!* df pgLx¿s} ldnf]dtf]af6pQm hUuf /fhLgfdf kf; u/]5g\ . hUuf kf;ubf{ cfjZos dflgg] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqklg vf]hL gu/L #) nfv kg]{ hUuf !) nfvd"No /fvL kf/Lt u/L d]/L cfdfsf] gfddf cs}{JolQmsf] kmf]6f] 6fF; u/L u/fO{ df]7df afa'sf]gfd ;Tok|;fb ePsf]df ;Grk|;fb n]vL n]vfO{jtgdf ;d]t sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;§fxfF8LufpF pkdxfgu/kflnsf n]vL NofPsf]lnvtdf s'g} 5fgjLg g} gu/L hfgLhfgLcfkm "nfO{ kmfObf xfdLnfO{ xflg k'¥ofO{/fhLgfdfcg';f/sf] /sd !) nfv afF8L vfPsf]x'Fbf s] s'g JolQmnfO{ d]/L cfdfsf] ;§fdfpEofPsf x'g\ o; ck/fwdf sf] sf] sd{rf/Ltyf cGo JolQm ;+nUg 5g kqmfp u/L vf]Hg

nufO{ ;a}nfO{ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!&adf]lhd sf/jfxL u/L hUuf lkmtf{ u/L kfpg;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo, O{Gb's'df/ kf}8]nsf] ;+o'Qmhfx]/L b/vf:t .

dfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªsf] r=g+= !%$%ldlt @)%^.^.!@ sf] kq;fy /=g+= *&% ldlt@)%^.%.!* df kf/Lt ePsf] lnvtdf hUuflbg]sf] tLgk':t] dxndf jif{ ̂ * sf] /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo lhNnf sf7df8f } F x f F8Lufp Fpkxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= !( afa'sf] gfd;~rk|;fb, klt s'nbLk lbg]sf] gf=g+= @@.@($*ldlt @)#*.!@.@# sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}Fls=g+= !)÷!@* df]7 7]nL g+= (÷@ le8\5 egL;+uLtf nD;fn -lzjfsf]6L_ sf] ;xL ePsf] kf/Ltubf{ k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[tsf] ;xL vfnL eO{dfnkf]t clws[t >L uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL tx/L/s]zjk|;fb Gof}kfg] kmfF6jfnf ch'{g rfkfufO{sf];xL /x]sf] .

/lhi6«]zg kmfF6df lng] lbg]sf] ljj/0fx]g]{ sfd /lhi6«]zg kmfF6sf kmfF6 k|d'v gf=;'=sf] xf] . d /lhi6«]zg kmfF6df vl/bf/ x'F . /lhi6«]zgkmfF6sf] d"No ls=g+= 7Ls 5, 5}g d le8fpF5' .;f] afx]s kmfF6jfnfsf] x}l;otn] lnvtsf] l;/fgdfkmfF6jfnf egL ;xL d}n] ug]{ u/]sf] 5' . lnvtdfls=g+=, /f]Ssf, d"NofÍg, ;gfvt ;xL ePsf] 5ls 5}g ;f] x]g]{ dfq d]/f] sfd xf] gful/stfcg';f/k"hf{sf] /]s8{ le8fpg] sfd /lhi6«]zg kmfF6sf]gf=;'= s]zj Gof}kfg]sf] xf] . ;f] lbg lgh g}sfo{/t lyP eGg] df]/ªsf] /lhi6«]zg kmfF6sfkmfF6jfnf vl/bf/ ch'{gk|;fb rfkfufO{n]cg';Gwfgsf qmddf u/]sf] aofg .

df]7df klg ;Tok|;fb / lnvtdf klg;f]xL b]vL df]7 le8fO{ k|dfl0ft u/]sf] x'F . dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 df]7 le8fpFbf lnvt ;|]:tf tyfls=g+= x]g]{ ul/G5 . d k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[tzlzgf/fo0f bf;sf] cfb]zadf]lhd zs'Gtnf

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rfkfufO{+;Fu df]7 kmfF6df df}lvs ?kdf ;xfoseO{ sfo{/t 5' . d]/f] k|dfl0ft b:tvt -d}n] df]77Ls 5 egL u/]sf] ;xL_ sfof{noaf6 dfGotfx''g] u/]sf] 5 . / g+= *&% sf] lnvtdf df]7le8fpg]sf] ;xL d]/f] xf] eGg] ;d]t ;=s=c=;+uLtf nD;fn -lzjfsf]6L_ n] cg';Gwfgsf]qmddf u/]sf] aofg .

@)%^.$.@ ut] b=g+= ! df btf{ ePsf]/f ]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf] hUufwgL btf{k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn kfpmF eGg] lgj]bgdf >Ldf]7 egL tf]s cfb]z k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t>L zlzgf/fo0f bf;n] nufpg' ePsf] xf] . k"hf{sf]gSsn lbg], kmf]6f] 6fF:g] sfd tTsfnLg v= xfngf=;'= zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{sf] xf] . @ ut] lbPsf]lgj]bgdf !# ut] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 ljnDax'gsf] sf/0f kmfF6jfnfnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf . d}n];a} sfd sfg"g cg's"n u/]sf] 5' . jb\lgotu/L u/]sf] 5}g . pQm lnvt gfkLdf uO{ k|fKtx'g l9nf ePsf] sf/0f ;f] lbgsf] clGtddfkf/Lt ePsf] xf] . / g+= *&% ldlt @)%^.%.!*sf] kf/Lt lnvt x]/]F . dfnkf]t clws[tsf] ;xLd]/f] xf], C0fL wgLsf] gful/stf x]/L n]gb]g;DaGwdf ;f]wk'5 u/L ?h' u/L lnvtdf ;xLu/]sf] x'F . lnvtdf /Lt c+u k'u]sf] 5 . lnvtsf]tLgk':t] le8fpFbf n]vGbf;sf] ;fdfGo uNtLaf6afa'sf] gfd ;Gr"k|;fb h:tf] b]lvPsf] x'g ;S5 .sf7df8f}F xfF8LufpF slt g+= j8fdf k5{ yfxf5}g eGg] ;d]tsf] k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLn]cg';Gwfgsf qmddf u/]sf] aofg .

/f ] lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo kf }8 ]nsf ]lj/f6gu/ !) sf] ls=g+= !@* sf] )–@–) hUufdfsLt]{ hUufwgL v8f u/L kf; u/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdfdnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g, hUufwgL btf{ k|df0fk"hf{sf]gSsn kfpmF egL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofon]@)%^.$.@ df lbPs} lgj]bgdf d}n] g} df]7 egLtf]s nufPsf] x'F . tf]s nufpg] a]nfdf s;}n]gful/stf lnP/ cfpF5 eg] s;}n] NofpFb}gg\ .

ldlt @)%^.%.!* ut] d sfof{nodf sfo{/tlyOg . ;|]:tfdf kmf]6f] 6fF:g] k|dfl0ft ug]{ lnvtkf/Lt ug]{ sfd dfnkf]t clws[t >L uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nLnfO{ lnlvt ?kdf clwsf/ lbPsf] 5eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t >Lzlzgf/fo0f bf;n] cg';Gwfg qmddf u/]sf]aofg .

dnfO{ lj/f6gu/df hUuf v/Lb ug{cfjZos ePsf]n] lj/f6gu/df oqtq a'em\g]l;nl;nfdf n]vGbf; pd]z g]kfn;Fu e]6 eof] .pgn] d]/f] lbbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+sf] 3/ hfpFmegL @)%^.%.!! ut] hfFbf tTsfn lj/f6gu/!) sf] ls=g+= !@* sf] @ s§f hUuf laqmLdf5 . hUufwgL sf7df8f}Fdf a:b5g\ . a]nfavtdf lj/f6gu/df cfpF5g\ . lj/f6gu/dfcfpFbf d]/f] k'/f]lxtsf] 3/ lj/f6gu/ !% dfo'j/fh kf]v/]nsf] 3/df a:b5g\ egL vl/bf/zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ lghsf] klt dx]z rfkfufO{+;d]tsf JolQmn] eGbf d / pd]z g]kfn ;d]to'j/fh kf]v/]nsf] 3/df uPsf lyof}F . d}n]hUuf v/Lb ug'{ cufl8 hUufsf] df]7 x]/f}F egLzs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+nfO{ a'em\bf lghn] of] @ s¶fhUuf oL /f]lx0fLs'df/Ln] g/zDz]/ yfkfnfO{sfd u/L l/emfPafkt @)@@ ;fndf as;kf; u/L lbPsf] xf] . xfnts pgs} ef]urngdf5, df ]7 7Ls 5 . hUufwgL aGg ]/f]lx0fLs'df/LnfO{ ;f]4f d]/f] kltsf] d[To'eO;s]sf 5 . d]/f] Ps dfq 5f]/f /fdk|;fbpkfWofo 5 . hUufsf] df]n !) nfv xf] .gfltnfO{ hfkfg k7fpg] qmddf laqmL ug{nflu/x]sf] xf] . hUuf @)%^.%.!* ut] kf/Ltug'{k5{ egL hUufwgL elgPsf] /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo, vl/bf/ zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, n]vGbf;o'j/fh kf]v/]n tyf pd]z g]kfnn] eGbf d}n]x'G5 egL k};fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ @)%^.%.!*ut] dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªdf uPF . clws[tuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] 6]jndf lnvt k]z eof],

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clws[t uf]kLs[i0fn] dnfO{ hUuf lng]sf] dxndf;xL u/fpg' eof] . d}n] *),))).– xhf/ /fhZjlt/]/ ToxL lbg g} wgL k"hf{ / kf/Lt lnvtdfu ubf{ #M!% ah] d}n] lnvt / k"hf{ k|fKtu/]sf] x'F, kl5 xNnf rNof] . gSsnL sfuhft/ JolQm v8f u/L ls=g+= !@* sf] )–@–)hUuf d}n] lnP5' eGg] @)%^.%.#@ df dnfO{ljZjf; eof] . of] sfo{df dnfO{ km;fpg] clws[tuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL, vl/bf/ zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+,n]vGbf; o'j/fh kf]´v/]n, zs'Gtnfsf kltdx]z rfkfufO{ +, czf]shFu /f0ff, gSsnLhUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo, pd]z g]kfn,df]n 7Ls 5 egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ /lhi6«]zgkmfF6sf sd{rf/L x'g\ . y}nL !) nfv tyf/fhZj /sd ;d]t lkmtf{ kfpmF eGg] Joxf]/fsf]hUuf v/Lb ug ] { lzjk |;fb l/hfnsf ]cg';Gwfgdf ePsf] aofg .

a ' lemP;Ddsf ;a"t k|df0f tyfcg';Gwfgaf6 oL k|ltjfbLx¿ v= zs'GtnfrfkfufO{, dfnkf]t clws[t uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL,n]vGbf; o'j/fh kf]v/]n lghsf] 5f]/f bfgaxfb'/kf]v/]n ;d]tn] u}/sfg"gL ?kdf hUuf laqmLug]{ sfddf ;+nUg /x]sf]n] lghx¿pk/ e|i6frf/lgjf/0f P]gadf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g /fo JoQm u/Lcg';Gwfg clws[t >L xf]daxfb'/ v8\sfn] k]zu/]sf] k|ltj]bg .

gSsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo agL ldlt@)%^.$.@ df ;SsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf]lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= !) xfnjf8{ g+= !% sf] ls=g+= !@* sf] @ s¶f hUufsf]hUufwgL btf{ k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn kfpmF egLlgj]bg lbO{ @)%^.$.!# ut] gSsn lnO{@)%^.%.!* ut] /=g+= *&% af6 lzjk|;fbl/hfnnfO{ hUuf laqmL ug]{ d x'F . o;df gSsnLhUufwgL aGg lj/f6gu/ !% a:g] d]/f] elthfgftf kg]{ /fhg eGg] o'j/fh kf]v/]n tyf dfnkf]tsfof{no df]/ª, lj/f6gu/sf] df]7 kmfF6df sfd

ug]{ df]6f]df]6f] cfO{dfO{ zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+n]l;sfPsL x'g\ . ;f] sfo{ u/]afkt ?= !) xhf/d}n] dfu]sf] lyPF, t/ lbPgg\ . zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{,d]/f elthf o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] hf] h;n] c8\8fdf;f]w] klg gfd /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo eGg' . d]/f]dfOnf] gfltnfO{ hfkfg k7fpg !) nfv ?k}ofFcfjZos k/]sf]n] a]Rg nfu]sf] eGg' egL l;sfPsf]lyof] . d]/f] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq cfh;DdagfPsf] 5}g . of] unt sfd ug]{ u/fpg] JolQmdfnkf]t c8\8fsf xflsd uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL,zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, d]/f] elthf] gftf kg]{ /fhgeGg] o'j/fh kf]v/]n tyf #)÷#@ jif{sf]s]6fx¿sf] ;+nUgtf 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]cg';Gwfgsf qmddf afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] u/]sf]aofg .

/=g+= *&% sf] lnvtdf dnfO{ hfuL/kfO{G5 egL o'j/fh kf]v/]n d a;]s} 7fpFef}8fxfdf uO{ sfuhdf ;xL lyrfPsf lyP .sfuhsf] Joxf]/f kl9g . kl5 ;f;"nfO{ /kltnfO{ eGbf s]xL eg]gg\ . d]/f ] ;f;"afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n tyf d]/f klt bfgaxfb'/kf]v/]n -gSsnL hUufwgL / hUufwgLsf] 5f]/faGg]_ tyf sLt]{ n]vGbf; o'j/fh kf]v/]nnfO{sfg"gadf]lhdsf] ;hfo xf];\, d cnu km";{bx'g kfpmF . dnfO{ C0fLsf] Psf;uf]nsL a'xf/Lsljtf pkfWofo egL n]v]sf 7fpFdf bfofF afofFNofKr] @)%^.%.!* eGbf #÷$ lbg cufl8ef}8fxfdf g} uO{ o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] nufPsf /;f] sfuh pg}n] NofPsf x'g\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]kljqf kf]v/]n -gSsnL sljtf pkfWofo_ n]cg';Gwfgdf u/]sf] aofg .

hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn kfpg egLlbPsf] lgj]bgsf] ljifoj:t' aflx/ uO{ csf]{sf]kmf]6f] Pp6fsf] df]7 ;|]:tfdf 6fF;L, Joxf]/f le8fO{gx]/L hUuf laqmL ubf{ cfwf /sd a}+sdf /fvLcfwf /sd dfq c8\8faf6 a'em\g nufO{ c?;FuldnL /sd afF8L vfO{ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g,

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@)!& sf] bkmf &-!_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf]n] k|ltjfbLuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+nfO{ ;f]xLbkmfadf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpg, k|ltjfbLafnfs'df/L kf]v/]n cfkm\gf] gfddf gePsf]hUufsf] k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltjfbL;Fu ldnL cfkm\gf]kmf]6f] 6fF;L ;lx5fk u/L gSsnL hUufwgL eO{,k|ltjfbL o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] sfsL gftfsL dfG5]nfO{/f]lx0fLs'df/L aGg ?k}ofsf] k|nf]eg b]vfO{/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf] hUuf laqmL u/L ;f]sf]/sd c? k|ltjfbL;Fu ldnL afF8L vfPsf] x'Fbfe|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf * adf]lhd;hfo x'g, k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+ / czf]s/f0ffn] pd]z g]kfn / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+;FuldnL lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ hUuf kfsf] 5 eGg]s'/fdf ljZjf;df kf/L afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nnfO{/f]lx0fLs'df/L x'g\ egL lrgfO{ ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsflgjf{x u/L e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf]bkmf !^ -s_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds afSof+zadf]lhdsf]s;"/df ;f]xL g+= sf] cfwf/df bkmf &, * tyf!^ -s_adf]lhd ;hfo x'g tyf lauf]sf] xsdf?= !),)),))).–pk/f]Qm k|ltjfbLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{u}/sfg"gL ?kdf kmfO{bf lnO{ kLl8tnfO{ xflg x'g]sfo{ u/]sf]n] lghx¿NffO{ h/Ljfgf u/L c;"npk/u/L kLl8t lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{ lbnfO{ e/fO{kfpg tyf dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªdf /fhLgfdfkf; ubf{ nfu]sf] /fhZj *),))).–;d]tk|ltjfbLx¿af6 kLl8tnfO{ e/fO{ kfpFm . gSsnLgful/stf k|fKt ug]{ /f]lx0fL eGg] afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]n, /fdk|;fb eGg] bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n tyfgful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] o'j/fhkf]v/]npk/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf sf/jfxLrnfpg] lg0f{o ePsf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]cleof]u dfu bfjL .

k|ltjfbL bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n eGg]/fdk|;fb pkfWofon] hUuf kSsf 5 hUufwgLnfO{k};f rflxPsfn] ;:tf]df a]Rg nfu]sf] xf] egLljZjf;df kf/L lgh ;d]tn] jb\lgotk"j{s

?=%,&%,))).– a}+sdf hDdf u/fO{ ef]lnkN6?=%,)),))).– lemsL afF8L vfO{ v/Lb ug]{JolQmnfO{ ;d]t xflg gf]S;fgL / cfkm" ;d]tnfO{nfe x'g] sfo{ u/L e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!&sf] bkmf * / !^ -s_ sf] k|ltaGwfTdsjfSof+zadf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf]df ;f]xLadf]lhdbfgaxfb'nfO{ ;hfo x'g dfu bfjL lnPsf] ykcleof]u kq .

cleof]u kq em"7f xf] . @)%^.%.!%b]lv P]= @@ ut] ;Dd d sfof{nodf g/xLsfof{nosf] sfddf sf7df8f}F /xFbf la/fdL k/Lpkrf/ u/fO{ %.@@ ut] dfq sfof{nodf pkl:ytePsf], d gePsf] ;dodf d dfly nufOPsf]cf/f]k em"7f skf]nslNkt 5 . lzjk|;fbsf]aofg em"7f xf], lghnfO{ lrlGbg . afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]nnfO{ klg lrlGbg . aofg em'7f xf] dlgbf]{if x'+Fbf ;kmfO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]dx]z rfkfufO{+n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/dfu/]sf] aofg .

hfx]/jfnfnfO{ lrlGbg . afnfs'df/L,bfgaxfb'/, o'j/fh, czf]shFu /f0ff eGg]nfO{klg lrlGbg . pd]z g]kfn efO{ gftfsf x'g\ .@)%^.%.!* df d sfof{nodf /x]sf], d]/f] kltpQm ldltdf sfof{nosf] sfddf sf7df8f}F hfg'ePsf], pQm ldltdf dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªaf6hUuf kf/Lt eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf d /lhi6«]zgkmfF6df gePsf]n] yfxf ePg . hfx]/L em"7f xf] d/lhi6«]zg kmfF6sf] gx'Fbf dnfO{ hfgsf/L x'g]s'/f xf]Og . s'g} lsl;dsf] /fo ;Nnfx sf]xLs;};Fu u/]sf] 5}g . a];/f]sf/ JolQmnfO{ df]7x]g{ glbg] x'Fbf, ;f] x]g{ glbPs} sf/0f dpk/em"7f] kf]n u/]sf] x''g'k5{ . d}n] tf]s cfb]zcg';f/df]7df hgfPsf];Dd xf], k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] xf]OgeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+n]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df u/]sf] aofg .

hfx]/jfnfnfO{ lrGb5' . lghx¿sf]gfpFsf] hUufdf ePsf] 3/df d ef8fdf a:5' .

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k|ltjfbLdWo] o'j/fh kf]v/]nnfO{ lrGb5',cGonfO{ lrlGbg . pQm hUuf /fhLgfdf kf;ePsf] eGg] s'/f kf; ePsf] !$÷!% lbg kl5yfxf kfPsf] x'F . ;f] hUuf sLt]{ u/L kf;u/]sf] eGg] ;Dd ;'g]sf] x'F, s;n] s] s;/L u/]yfxf ePg . @)%^.%.!* df d cfkm\gf] 3/lj/f6gu/d} lyPF . o'j/fh;Fu ;f] lbg e]63f6lyPg . d pQm lbg a}+sdf uPsf] 5}g . dpk/sf]cf/f]k em'7f xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] czf]sk|tfk/f0ffn] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df u/]sf]aofg .

hUuf v/Lbstf{nfO{ lrg]sf] 5}g .kmfF6af6 /Lt k'¥ofO{ NofPkl5 d}n] b:tvtu/]sf] x'F . ldlt @)%^.$.!# df df]7 kmfF6 g+= !af6 zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{n] kmf]6f] 6fF; u/Lgful/stf g+= ldlt ;a} pNn]v u/L d sxfF k]zu/]sf]n] kN6fO{ gful/stfsf] kmf]6f] / cGo ljj/0f;|]:tfdf le8fO{ k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] x'F . jb\lgotk"j{s s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/df u/]sf] aofg .

hfx]/jfnfnfO{ lrg]sf] 5}g . hUufv/Lbstf{nfO{ lrg]sf] 5' . lnvtdf lzjk|;fbn];fIfL a:g] eg]sf]n] ;fIfL;Dd a;]sf] 5' . c?s'/f dnfO{ yfxf ePg . hUuf klg lrlGbg .hUuf kf; ;SsnL jf gSsnL hUufwgLaf6u/fP eGg] dnfO{ yfxf ePg eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/df u/]sf] aofg .

hfx]/jfnf OGb's'df/ kf}8]n, /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo, cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf a'lemPsf lzjk|;fb l/hfn, k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf;fIfL /fds[i0f ltldlN;gf / ;'lw/s'df/ ljZjf;,k|ltjfbL dx]zk|;fb l/hfn, k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/g]kfnsf ;fIfL lx/faxfb'/ kf08], k|ltjfbLczf]sk|tfk /f0fsf] ;fIfL bLks zfxLsf] askqeO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] .

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] ldlt@)%(.*.!@ sf] cfb]zn] k|:t't d'2f ljz]if cbfntsf7df8f}Fdf ;/L cfPsf] .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]wf/f !$-@_ df s'g} JolQmpk/ cbfntdf To;}s;"/df Ps k6s eGbf a9L d'2f rnfpg] /;hfo ul/g] 5}gÆ elgPsf] kfOG5 . d"ntM of]l;4fGt cufl8 g} sf/jfxL / lg0f{o eO{ ;s]sf]s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf k'gM sf/jfxL rnfpg /f]snufpg] ;Gbe{df cfslif{t x'g] b]lvG5 . Ps}y/Lk|ltjfbLaf6 ePsf] sfo{sf] nflu b'O{ 5'§f5'§}P]gcGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf cnu–cnucg';Gwfg txsLsft eO{ d'2f rnfpg /cbfntaf6 lg0f{o ug{ o; l;4fGtn] /f]snufPsf] b]lvGg . cyf{t\ To:tf]df of] l;4fGtcfslif{t x'g ;Sg] b]lvGg . Pp6} lqmofaf6csf]{ s;"/df k'gM k'k{If ug{ / ;hfo ug{;d]t /f]s nfUb}g . To;}n] k|:t't ;Gbe{dfbf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'G5 eGg]k|ltjfbLx¿ tkm{sf ljåfg clwjQmfx¿sf] ax;lhsL/;Fu Ohnf; ;xdt x'g ;s]g . t;y{o;df ldl;n ;+nUg ;a"b k |df0faf6k|fltjfbLx¿sf] cleof]u bfjL ;dly{t Pj+k|dfl0ft eO{ /fv]s} b]lvFbf lghx¿n] cf/f]lkts;"/ u/L k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL /zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{n] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g,@)!& sf] &-!_ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/]sf] k|ltjfbLafnfs'df/L kf]v/]n / /fhg eGg] o'j/fhkf]v/]nn] pQm P]gsf] bkmf * cGtu{tsf] s;"/u/]sf] k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+, pd]zs'df/g]kfn, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n / czf]shFu eGg]czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] pQm P]gsf] bkmf !^-s_cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x5{ . ;f] 7xgf{n]k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] xsdf lghsf]d[To' eO{ ;s]sf] eGg] x'Fbf ;hfotkm{ s]xL ug'{k/]g . k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+nfO{ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf]

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bkmf &-!_ / @(-@_ adf]lhd hgxL ?=%))).–, k|ltjfbL /fhg eGg] o'j/fh kf]v/]nnfO{ pQmP]gsf] bkmf * / @(-@_ adf]lhd ?=$))).–,k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n,czf]shFu eGg] czf]sk|tfk /f0ffnfO{ pQm P]gsf]bkmf !^-s_ / @(-@_ adf]lhd hgxL ?=@))).–tyf k|ltjfbL pd]zs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ pQm P]gsf]bkmf !^-s_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds afSof+z / bkmf@(-@_ adf]lhd ?=$))).– h/Ljfgf x'G5 .lauf]sf] xsdf log} k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]tpk/ df]/ªlhNnf cbfntdf rn]sf] kmf}=k'=g+= #)) sf]7uL d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhd x'g] g} x'Fbf o;dfs]xL ljrf/ u/L /xg' k/]g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}Fsf] km};nf .

Pp6} tYo / ljifoj:t'af6 b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ck/fwsf] l;h{gf x'g ;Sb}g / bf]xf]/f];hfo klg ug{ ldNb}g "No one shall be twice

vested for the same case" eGg] kmf}Hbf/L Gofosf]dfGo l;4fGtljk/Lt Pp6} ljifoj:t' / ljjfbdfdf]/ª lhNnf cbfntaf6 dnfO{ 7uL d'2fdf;hfo ug]{ u/L ldlt @)^).#.#) df km};nf eO{;s]kl5 k'gM ;f]xL ljifoj:t' / ljjfbdf ljz]ifcbfnt sf7df8f}Faf6 @)^).!@.# df d}n] e|i6frf/u/]sf] 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo ug]{ u/L ePsf] km};nfplNnlvt kmf}hbf/L Gofosf dfGo l;4fGtsf]/f]xdf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] ab/ u/L e|i6frf/ d'2fsf]cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpg] u/L Gofo kfpmFeGg] ;d]t k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

Pp6f tYo Pj+ ljifoj:t'af6 b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ck/fwsf] l;h{gf x'g g;Sg] / bf]xf]/f];hfo klg ug{ ldNb}g eGg] kmf}Hbf/L GofosfdfGo l;4fGt /x]sf] / ;f] l;4fGtnfO{ g]kfnclw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !$-@_ n]cËLsf/ ;d]t u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] sf] ljk/LtPp6} tYo / ljifoj:t'df dnfO{ df]/ª lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^).#.#) sf] km};nfn] 7uLsf]

s;"/df s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo ;d]t u/L;s]kl5 k'gM ;f]xL tYo Pj+ ljifoj:t'dfe|i6frf/sf ] cleof ]udf ljz]if cbfntsf7df8f}Faf6 s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf]ldlt @)^).!@.# sf] km};nf pQm bf]xf]/f]vt/flj?4sf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lns xsljkl/tx'Fbf ;f] ab/ pN6L u/L e|i6frf/pk/sf] cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]t k|ltjfbL zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

Pp6} sfo{ / s;"/sf] nflu b'O{j6f k[ys–k[ys d'2f rNg sf/jfxL x'g Pj+ ;hfo x'g;Sb}g . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]wf/f !$-@_ n] s'g} klg JolQmpk/ cbfntdfTo;} s;"/df Ps k6s eGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg]/ ;hfo ul/g] 5}g eGg] kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] xsk|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ljjflbt hUuf afnfs'df/LeGg] gSsnL hUufwgL v8f eO{ lzjk|;fbl/hfnnfO{ ljqmL u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ d;d]tpk/df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf 7uL d'2f bfo/ ul/Psf]/ ;f] 7uL d'2fdf ldlt @)^).#.#) df d;d]tnfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo x'g] u/L km};nfePsf] 5 . ;f]xL ljifodf rnfOPsf] k|:t'te|i6frf/ d'2fdf klg dnfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofO{;hfo ePsf] ljz]if cbfntsf] pko'{Qm km};nf;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] bf]xf]/f] vt/f lj?4sf];j{dfGo kmf}hbf/L Gofosf l;4fGtk|lts"n eO{q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] ab/ pN6L u/L cf/f]lkt s;"/af6k"0f{ ;kmfO{ lbnfO{ OG;fkm kfpmF eGg] ;d]tk|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

Pp6} ljifodf leGgleGg lgsfonfO{leGgleGg sfg"g / sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ d'2f nufpg/ Ps} s;"/df Ps} dflg;nfO{ leGgleGg lgsfodfsf/jfxL rnfpg g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,@)$& sf] wf/f !$-@_ n] cg'dlt glbPtfklg;f] ljk/Lt Ps k6s Pp6} s;"/df df]/ª lhNnfcbfntaf6 7uL u/]sf] 7x¥/fO{ ;hfo ;d]tu/L ;s]kl5 k'gM ;f]xL ljifodf ljz]if cbfnt

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sf7df8f}Faf6 e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df ;hfo ug]{u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^).!@.# sf] km};nf bf]xf]/f]vt/f lj?4sf] ;+j}wflgs xssf] unt JofVofu/L ePsf] x'Fbf ;f] ab/ u/L cleof]uaf6 ;kmfO{kfpg] u/L km};nf ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t k|ltjfbLczf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofo gfdbtf {s f ] lhNnf df ] /ª lj/ f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) sf] xfn j8fg+= !% lsQf g+= !@* sf] h=lj= )–@–) sf]hUuf k|ltjfbLx¿n] ldn]dtf] u/L gSsnLhUufwgL agL hUufwgL btf{ k|df0fk"hf{ lnPsf]eGg] cf/f]kdf log} k'g/fj]bsx¿pk/ jfbL g]kfn;/sf/ k|ltjfbL log} k|ltjfbLx¿ eO{ 7uLd'2f rnL ;hfo ePsf] / xfn pQm 7uL d'2fk'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df ljrf/fwLg/x]sf] eGg] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL hUuf k|ltjfbLx¿n]ldn]dtf] u/L gSsnL hUufwgL agL /fhLgfdfkf; u/L lbPsf] eGg] ck/fwdf k'g/fj]bsx¿pk/ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& adf]lhdd'2f rnL b'j} d'2fdf k'g/fj]bsx¿nfO{ ;hfoePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf Pp6} ck/fwdfbf]xf]/f] ;hfo ePsf] egL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$-^_ ljk/Lt x'g] xf], xf]Og / b'j} P]gn] s;"/bf/7x/] klg ;hfosf] xsdf Pp6f dfq P]gn]ug'{kg]{ xf] . ;f] ;d]t osLg ug'{kg]{ x'gfn]ljz]if cbfntsf] km};nf km/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lvFbf5nkmnsf ] lg ldQ k ]zLsf ] ; "rgfdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbO{ lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^^.@.# sf] cfb]z .

o;} ljifodf log} k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿;d]tpk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/df 7uLd'2f rnL ljrf/fwLg /xL ;f] cbfntaf6 o;cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq / ljz]ifcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ePsf]ldl;naf6 b]lvPsf]n] pQm 7uL d'2f xfn s'g

cj:yfdf 5, km};nf gePsf] eP rfF8f] km};nfu/L ;f]pk/ k'g/fj]bg k/] k'g/fj]bg ;fy /gk/] ldl;n k7fO{ lbg egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/df n]vL k7fO{ pk/f]Qm sfo{ ;DkGgePkl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]ldlt @)^^.$.@) sf] cfb]z .

o;df lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf] hfx]/Ln] jfbLg]kfn ;/sf/ / k|ltjfbL log} k|ltjfbLx¿ePsf] kmf}=k'=g+= ))))$ ;d]tsf] 7uL d'2fk 'g/fj ]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/sf ] ldlt@)^^.$.@& sf] cfb]zn] d'NtjLdf /x]sf]b]lvG5 . k|:t't e|i6frf/ d'2fsf] ldl;n k|fKtgePsf] eGg] ;d]tsf cfwf/df pQm 7uL d'2fk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 d'NtjLdf /fv]sf] b]lvPsf];fy} k|:t't jf/bft;Fu ;DalGwt 36gfs}cfwf/df pQm 7uL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg sf/jfxLePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] 7uL d'2fdf z'? df]/ªlhNnf cbfntaf6 :jtGq ?kn] d"NofÍg u/Lkm};nf ;d]t eO{ ;s]sf]df ;f]pk/ k/]sf]k'g/fj]bgdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 klg :jtGqd'2fsf] ?kdf km};nf x'g'kg]{ tyf k|:t't d'2fdflauf]sf] xsdf pQm 7uL d'2fdf 7x/]adf]lhdx'g] egL z'? ljz]if cbfntsf] km};nfdf pNn]vePsf] ;d]t x'Fbf k|:t't d'2fdf o; cbfntaf6Gofolg/f]k0f x'g'cl3 ;f] 7uL d'2fdf k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 Gofo lg/f]k0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .To;kl5 ;f] 7uL d'2fsf s'g} kIfsf] k'g/fj]bgk/]df b'j} d'2fdf ;+nUg ljjfbsf ljifox¿dfPs};fy o; cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{ lg/f]k0fug'{ pko'Qm x'g] ;d]t b]lvG5 . t;y{, k|:t'td'2fsf] bfo/L nut sfod} /fvL pQm kmf}=k'=g+=))))$ ;d]tsf] 7uL d'2fsf] d'NtjL hufO{of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] # dlxgfleqkm};nf u/L ;f] km};nfpk/ k'g/fj]bg k/];f];lxt / gk/] pQm 7uL d'2fsf] / k|df0fsfcGo d'2fx¿sf] ldl;nx¿ ;d]t o; cbfntdfoyfzL3| k7fpg' egL k|:t't d'2fsf k'g/fj]bs

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k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ o; d'2fdf ;d]t tfl/vdf/fvL pQm 7uL d'2fsf] k|lt/Iffy{ xfhL/ x'ghfg' egL cg's"n ldNg] u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] tfl/v tf]sL ;f] 7uL d'2fsf] z'?tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldl;n / k|df0fdfcfPsf cGo d'2fsf] ldl;nsf ;fy} k|df0fsf]nflu cfjZos kg{;Sg] ePsf]n] k|:t't d'2fsf]ldl;n ;d]t k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/dfk7fO{ lbg' . dfly plNnlvt Dofbleq k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 7uL d'2fdf km};nf eO{ldl;nx¿ k|fKt ePkl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.(.@! sf]cfb]z .

oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]t ;+nUg/x]sf] eGg] Pp6} s;"/hGo sfo{sf ;DaGwdfPp6} k|df0f ;d"xsf cfwf/df lghx¿pk/ jfbLg]kfn ;/sf/tkm{af6 b'O{ 5'§f5'§} 7uL /e|i6frf/ d'2fsf] cleof]u nufpg / ;f]cg'¿kbfo/ eO{ rn]sf] b'j} d'2fdf 5'§f5'§} cbfntaf65'§f5'6} P]gcg'¿k ;hfo ;d]t ubf{ bf]xf]/f]vt/f lj?4sf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] xf] xf]Og,Pp6} ljjfbdf oL k'g/fj]bsx¿pk/ e|i6frf/sf]s;"/df ;hfo / lauf] ;d]tsf] bfjL lnO{cleof]u bfo/ ePsf] cj:yfdf ljz]if cbfntsf7df8f } Faf6 bfjLadf ] lhd h/Ljfgfsf ];hfo;Dd x'g] 7x/fO{ lauf]sf] xsdf df]/ªlhNnf cbfntdf rn]sf ] 7uL d '2fsf ]km};nfadf]lhd x'g] egL lauf]tkm{ osLg lg0f{ogu/L km};nf ug{ ldNg] xf] xf]Og, Pp6}ljifoj:t'df df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf plNnlvtb'=kmf}=g+= #)) sf] sLt]{ / b]=g+= !)## sf]lnvt ab/ d'2fsf] lkm/fb k/L pQm d'2fx¿;f] cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]s} cj:yfdf ;f]xLljjflbt ljifoj:t'pk/ k'gM clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg / txsLsftu/L rn]sf] k|:t't e|i6frf/ d'2fsf] ljifoa:t'leqk|j]z u/L ljj]rgf ug{ clVtof/ b'?kof]u

cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] ;fljs bkmf$-$_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf tyf o; cbfntaf6plNnlvt lg=g+= ^@*% / lg=g+= *$%( dfk|ltkflbt ghL/ l;4fGt ;d]tsf ;Gbe{dfldNg] xf] xf]Og egL k|:t't d'2fdf p7]sf] hl6nsfg "gL k |Zgsf ] lg/f ]k0f a9L dfggLoGofofwLzx¿ ePsf] Ohnf;af6 eO{ l;4fGt;d]t k|ltkfbg x'g pko'Qm b]lvFbf ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-3_adf]lhd k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] bfo/Lnut s§f u/L k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug{' eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6ldlt @)^*.!.@& df ePsf] km};nf .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdfljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}Faf6 ePsf] km};nf;lxtsf]ldl;n cWoog u/L k|ltjfbLx¿sf tkm{af6 bfo/ul/Psf] k'g/fj]bg kq ;d]tsf] cWoog ul/of] .d'2f ;'g'jfOsf l;nl;nfdf k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLx¿ dx]z rfkfufO{ + / zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+sf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf >L /fdk|;fb e08f/L …;DejÚ n]afnfs'df/L / kljqf;Fu hL/x ug]{ df}sf k|bfgul/Pg, To:tf sygn] k|fdfl0fs dxTj /fVb}gg\ .k|ltjfbLx¿n] ;kmfO kfpg' kb{5 egL ax; ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L s[i0fk|;fb;fksf]6fn] k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL dfnkf]tsfof{nosf k|d'v klg xf]Ogg\ . dfnkf]tsfof{nosf k|d'vsf] tf]s nfu]/ k|lqmof k|f/DeePsf] / hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlkdf;Dd lghn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cj:yf x' Fbfs;"/hGo lqmofdf lghsf] ;+nUgtf eGg]b]lvFb}g . k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t em'Sofgdf k/]sf]eGg] pNn]v 5 . hUuf h;sf] xf], p;sf] gfddfu};s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf e|i6frf/ / 7uLsf] ljifo

12481248124812481248


cfslif{t x'g] cj:yf klg 5}g . Pp6} s;"/df7uL / e|i6frf/ ;d]t ePsf] egL d'2f rnfOPsf]b]lvFbf k|ydtM km/s km/s s;"/ xf] eGg]:yflkt x'g' kb{5 . ph"/L cnucnu x'Fb}dfs;"/ g} km/s eGg] cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . a'lemPsfs;}n] klg oL k|ltjfbL;Fu ldn]/ s;"/hGolqmof u/]÷ePsf] egL eg]sf] 5}g . 3"; lnPvfPsf] eGg] slxF st}af6 b]lvPsf] 5}g . t;y{lghn] ;kmfO{ kfpg' kb{5 egL ax; ug'{ ePsf]lyof] .

k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >L dfwa af:sf]6f,>L sdndl0f lg/f}nf / >L /d]zk|;fb k|;fO{+n]sLt]{df czf]sk|tfknfO{ k|ltjfbL agfOPsf] 5}g .To;n] klg lghsf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf] eGg]a'lemG5 . lzj l/hfnsf] askqsf] ;=h=#%,#^,#&,%!,(!, ;/sf/L ;fIfLsf ?kdf /x]sfb]jLk|;fbsf] askqsf] ;=h= @!, xl/ e6[/fO{sf];=h= @* ;d]taf6 czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf];+nUgtf g/x]sf] eGg] b]lvG5 . /sd lnPvfPsf] eGg] slxFaf6 v'Ng cfPsf] 5}g . ;+nUgtfk'li6 x'g] s'g} klg k|df0f ge]l6Psf] x'Fbf lghn];kmfO kfpg' kb{5 . Pp6} ljifoj:t'df Pp6}JolQmsf lj?4df km/skm/s d'2f rnfpgldNb}g . ljjfbsf] hUuf ef8fdf lnP/ a;]sf]JolQm ;f]xL hUufsf] ljifodf 7uL ug]{ sfo{df;+nUg elgg' cfkm}Fdf ljZj;gLo 5}g . t;y{k|ltjfbLn] ;kmfO{ kfpg' kb{5 egL ax;ug'{eof] .

jfbL g ]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm {af6pkl:yt x'g' ePsf ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf>L ;/f]h uf}tdn] lnvt sRrf 7xl/Psf]cj:yfdfq g/xL lnvtdf g} jb\lgot /x]sf]/ To;df ;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/Lsf] ;d]t;+nUgtf /x]sf]n] e|i6frf/df d'2f rnfOPsf]xf] . lnvt ab/ / hfn;fhL d'2faf6 JolQmJolQmaLrsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg eP klg To:tf]

sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmsf] cfk/flws lqmofnfO{pGd'lQm lbg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . tTsfnLg;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !$-@_ df /x]sf] æTo;}s;"/dfÆ eGg] zAbsf] JofVof ul/g' h?/L5 . k|ltjfbLx¿af6 e|i6frf/ / 7uL u/L5'6[f5'6[} s;"/ ePsf] 5 . lnvt ab/ / sLt]{d'2f kg'{ cl3 g} 7uL / e|i6frf/ d'2fsf]sf/jfxL k|f/De e};s]sf] 5 . To;}n] bf]xf]/f]vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] cj:yf 5}g .u}/sfg"gL sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L JolQm :jo+n] lng'kb{5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/L x'Fb}df u}/sfg"gL sfo{ug{ kfpg] eGg] x'Fb}g . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf pd]zg]kfnsf] 7uLtkm{sf] jofgaf6 klg zs'Gtnfsf];+nUgtf k'li6 ePsf] 5 . lzjk|;fb l/hfnsf]askq / hfx]/L b/vf:tn] czf]sk|tfksf];+nUgtf b]vfPsf] 5 . lghn] cfkm"n] ef8fdflnPsf] hUufsf] hUufwgLnfO{ glrGg] eGg]x'Fb}g . To; cfwf/df klg s;"/hGo sfo{dflghsf] ;+nUgtf b]lvG5 . To;}u/L cfkm"n]k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx¿ /fd|/L gs]nfO{,gle8fO{ k|dfl0ft u/]sf] b]lvFbf uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nLsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]x'Fbf ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf] km};nf ;b/x'g' kb{5 egL ax; ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] ax; lhsL/sf ;fy} k]z x'g cfPsf]ax; gf]6 ;d]tsf] cWoog u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6p7fOPsf k|Zgx¿ ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfpFbfk|:t't d'2fdf d"ntM b]xfosf k|Zgx¿sf] lg/f]k0fx'g'kg]{ b]lvg cfpF5 M

!= bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g]cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 of 5}g <

@= e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df lauf] ;d]tsf] bfjLlnO{ cleof]u bfo/ ePsf] cj:yfdfh/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo;Dd x'g] 7x/fO{ lauf]sf]xsdf 7uL d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhd x'g]

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egL lauf]tkm{ osLg lg0f{o gu/L km};nfug{ ldNg] xf] jf xf]Og <

#= pko'{Qm ;}4flGts k|Zgsf] lg/f]k0fkl5d'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L Gofo lg/f]k0ful/g'kg]{ cj:yfdf o;} Ohnf;af6 Gofolg?k0f ug{ ldNg] xf] jf xf]Og <

$= cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/dfk|ltjfbLx¿dWo] sf] s;sf] s] s:tf];+nUgtf /x]sf] 5 <

%= ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}Faf6 ePsf]km};nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g <

@= df ] /ª lhNnf , lj/ f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !% l:yt ls=g+=!@* h=lj= )–@–) hUufsL jf:tljs hUufwgL/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf] gfdaf6 gSsnLhUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lnO{ lbO{ gSsnL JolQmafnfs'df/L kf]v/]n, 5f]/f bfgaxfb'/ / a'xf/LkljqfnfO{ ;d]t gSsnL gfd lbO{ ;fIfL /fvLpQm hUuf /fhLgfdf kf/Lt u/L u/fO{ lbPsf]sfo{df e|i6frf/ ePsf] cleof]u ;fy k|:t'td'2f bfo/ ePsf] kfOG5 . To;/L gSsnLhUufwgL agL xs x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{dfdfnkf]t sfof{nosf tTsfnLg sd{rf/L vl/bf/zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, dfnkf]t clws[t uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL, lsQf g+= !@* sf] hUuf klxn] b]lvg} ef8fdf lnO{ Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf czf]sk|tfk/f0ff / zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{ +sf klt dx]zrfkfufO{ +sf ] ;d]t ;+nUgtf /x]sf ] egLk|ltjfbLx¿ uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+sf] xsdf e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!&sf] bkmf &-!_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;f]xLbkmfadf]lhd ;hfo x'g, k|ltjfbLx¿ afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]n / /fhg eGg] o'j/fh kf]v/]nnfO{P ]=P ]gsf ] bkmf * adf ] lhd ;hfo x'g,k|ltjfbLx¿ dx]z rfkfufO{+, czf]sk|tfk /f0ff/ bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n -gSsnL /fdk|;fb

pkfWofo_ nfO{ P]= P]gsf] bkmf !^s= sf]k|ltaGwfTds afSof+zadf]lhdsf] s;"/df bkmf&, * tyf !^s= adf]lhd ;hfo x'g tyflauf]sf] xsdf ?= !),)),))).– k|ltjfbLx¿n]cfkm"nfO{ u}/sfg"gL ?kdf kmfObf lnO{ kLl8tnfO{xflg x'g] sfo{ u/]sf]n] lghx¿NffO{ h/Ljfgfu/L c;"npk/ u/L kLl8t lzjk|;fb l/hfnnfO{lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]tsf] cleof]u kqb]lvG5 .

#= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* df bf];|f] ;+zf]wg -@)%(_ ePkl5;f] P]gsf] bkmf #) adf]lhd k|:t't d'2fsf]ljifoj:t' ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f } Fsf ]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ x'Fbf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,lj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)%(.*.!@ sf] cfb]zn] k|:t'td'2f ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fdf k7fOPsf]b ] lvG5 . ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f } Faf6k|ltjfbLx¿n] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x5{ egL ePsf]km};nfpk/ k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] s]jn dx]zrfkfufO{+, zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL/ czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgu/]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 .

$= ;f] k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 k|ltjfbLx¿pk/ 7uL /e|i6frf/ d'2fsf] cleof]u nufpg / ;f]cg'¿kbfo/ eO{ rn]sf] b'a} d'2fdf 5'§f5'§} cbfntaf65'§f5'6} P]gcg'¿k ;hfo ;d]t ubf{ bf]xf]/f]vt/f lj?4sf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] xf] xf]Og /Pp6} ljjfbdf oL k'g/fj]bsx¿ pk/ e|i6frf/sf]s;"/df ;hfo / lauf] ;d]tsf] bfjL lnO{ cleof]ubfo/ ePsf ] cj:yfdf ljz]if cbfntsf7df8f}Faf6 bfjLadf]lhd h/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo;Ddx'g] 7x/fO{ lauf]sf] xsdf cbfntdf rn]sf]7uL d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhd x'g] egL lauf]tkm{osLg lg0f{o gu/L km};nf ug{ ldNg] xf] xf]OgeGg] ;d]tsf] k|Zg p7fO{ To:tf] hl6n sfg"gLk|Zgsf] lg/f]k0f k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 x'g' pko'Qm x'g]

12501250125012501250


x'Fbf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]lgod #-!_-3_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]zug{' egL ePsf] cfb]zadf]lhd k|:t't d'2f o;Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] cj:yf x'FbfplNnlvt sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg?k0f ul/g'kg]{ ePsf]5 .

%= plNnlvt ;Gbe{df k|ydtM dflylgwf{/0f ul/Psf] klxnf] k|Zg cyf{t\ k|:t'td'2fdf bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g]cj:yf ljBdfg /x] g/x]sf] eGg] tkm{ ljrf/ubf{, ljjfbsf] lsQf g+= !@* sf] hUufsfjf:tljs hUufwgLsf] hfgsf/Llagf g} gSsnLhUufwgL v8f u/L ;f] hUuf /fhLgfdf kf/Ltu/L xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lqmofnfO{ r'gf}tLlbO{ jf:tljs hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofon]df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf] lnvtab/ btf{ ab/ btf{ sfod d'2faf6 pQm /fhLgfdflnvt ab/ eO{ ;f] hUuf ;fljs hUufwgLsf]gfddf btf{ sfod x'g] 7x/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .To;/L gSsnL hUufwgL v8f u/L xsx:tfGt/0f ug]{ lqmof hfn;fhLk"0f{ ePsf] egLdf]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdfklg lzjk|;fb l/hfnafx]ssf k|ltjfbLx¿n]sLt]{ sfo{ u/]sf] 7x¥ofO{ km};nf ePsf] 5 . tLb'a} d'2f clGtd eP/ /x]sf 5g\ . To;} u/Lk|:t't d'2fdf ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf]km};nfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 7uL d'2fdf klglog} k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ k|ltjfbL sfod u/L;hfosf] dfu bfjL;lxt cleof]u kq bfo/ul/Psf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . df]/ª lhNnfcbfntaf6 oL k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]tnfO{ s;"/bf/7x/ u/L ePsf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ;d]t ;b/ ePsf] / xfn o;}d'2fsf] nufpsf ?kdf o;} Ohnf;;dIfljrf/fwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L g]kfn;/sf/af6 log} k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]t pk/ pQm7uL d'2f ;d]t bfo/ e} ;hfo x'g] u/L km};nf

;d]t x'Fb} cfPsf] tYout cj:yfnfO{ bzf{pFb}To;af6 bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g]xf] jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n] p7fPsf]5 .

^= ljjfbsf] ljifoa:t' Pp6} /x]sf]cj:yfdf 5'§f5'§} P]gcGtu{t s;"/ u/]sf] egLb'O{ 5'§f5'§} d'2f bfo/ ul/Psf] / ;f]cg'¿kcbfntaf6 ;d]t b'a} d'2fdf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{5'§f5'§} ;hfo x'g] 7x/L km};nf ePsf]n] To;/L;hfo ug]{ u/L ePsf] sfo{ ;+ljwfgåf/fkmf}hbf/L Gofo;DaGwL xscGtu{t Ps} s;"/dfPsk6s eGbf a9L d'2f grnfOg] / ;hfogul/g] egL k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] xs cyf{t\ bf]xf]/f]vt/fsf] l;4fGtljk/Lt x'g uPsf] x' Fbfk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;f] l;4fGtcg'¿k Gofo k|bfgul/g' kb{5 eGg] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿sf] d'Vok'g/fj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf ] / k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLtkm{sf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf]ax; lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

&= k|ltjfbLx¿n] lhsL/ lnPsf] bf]xf]/f]vt/fsf] l;4fGtn] d"ntM pxL JolQmsf lj?4dfpxL s;"/df klxn] g} sf/jfxL eO{ ;hfokfO;s]sf] jf ;kmfO{ kfO;s]sf] cj:yfnfO{ O{+lutub{5 . o; cfwf/df of] l;4fGt k"j{ lg0f{o;Fu;DalGwt b]lvG5 . of] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'gsfnflu d'Vo ?kdf ;Ifd lgsfoaf6 lg0f{o ePsf]x'g'kg]{, lg0f{o clGtd ePsf] x'g'kg]{ / To:tf]lg0f{o :jR5 ;d]t x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdfd'2f bfo/ x'Fbf axfn /x]sf] g]kfn clw/fHosf];+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !$ sf] pkwf/f -@_df, æs'g} klg JolQmpk/ cbfntdf To;} s;"/dfPs k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo ul/g]5}gÆ egL ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ xfn axfn /x]sf]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f @$sf] pkwf/f -^_ n] lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 .

*= o;/L b]zsf] d"n sfg"gsf ?kdf/x]sf] ;+ljwfgn] g} bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGtnfO{

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kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] xssf ?kdf k|Tofe"t u/]sf]kl/k|]Iodf To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L Gofo lg?k0ful/g' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf b'O{dt x'g ;Sb}g .t/, d'2fsf] ljifoj:t' / ;du| tYo ;d]tsf]ljZn]if0f gu/L ;f]em} pQm l;4fGt cfslif{tx'g] egL cg'dfg ul/g' eg] Gofof]lrt\ x'Fb}g .d'2fsf cf–cfkm\g} ljlzi6tf x'G5g\, To;sf]ljifoj:t' / tYodf km/s cj:yf ljBdfg x'g;Sg] oyfy{nfO{ klg gsfg{ ;lsFb}g . To;}n]s'g} klg sfg"gL Pj+ ljlwzf:qLo l;4fGtnfO{cjnDag ug'{cl3 ;DalGwt d'2fsf] tYonfO{dgg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cd's sfg"gL l;4fGtnfO{cf8 agfP/ cfk/flws lqmof ug]{ jf To:tf]lqmofdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg] ;f]rcfkm}+df sk6k"0f{ x'G5 . cfkm" ;+nUg cfk/flwslqmofsf] oyfy{jf]w gu/L s]an cd's sfg"gLl;4fGtsf ] cf8 lnP/ cfkm \gf ] b " l i ftdg;focg';f/sf] lqmof ug]{ k|j[lQ kmf}hbf/LGofo Joj:yfsf nflu r'gf}tLsf ?kdf /x]sf]x'G5 . To;}n] To:tf] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{klg kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf] p2]Zo /xg] ub{5 .To:tf ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ / To:tf] sfo{ug]{ JolQmnfO{ bl08t ug{ g;Sg] xf] eg];dfhdf b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfpg] / cGttf]uTjfsfg"gL zf;gsf] dfGotf z"Godf kl/0ft x'ghfG5 . of] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ Goflos lgsfon]klg x[bo+ud ug}{ kb{5 .

(= o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{t x'g] xf] jfxf]Og egL k|Zg p7fOPsf] kl/k|]Iodf k|:t'td'2fsf] ;du| tYosf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ 7uL d'2fdf;a} k|ltjfbLx¿n] em"7f] s'/fnfO{ ;2] xf] egLhfx]/jfnfnfO{ em'Sofg ukmntdf kf/L wf]sflbO{ hUuf laqmL u/L ;f]afktsf] !) nfv ?k}ofFcfkm"x¿n] lnO{ vfO{ 7uL u/]sf] eGg] cfwf/dfd'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] dxn cGtu{tsf] s;"/dfcleof]u kq bfo/ ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\gf]

kbLo x}l;otsf] b'?kof]u u/L e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fP]g, @)!& adf]lhd s;"/hGo sfo{ ePsf] egLbfo/ ePsf] k|:t't d'2f / pQm 7uL d'2fdflgxLt /x]sf] tYonfO{ lgofNbf k|:t't d'2fdfjf:tljs hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofon]cfkm\gf] gfdsf] hUuf gSsnL hUufwgL v8fu/L laqmL ul/Psf] / ;f] sfo{df dfnkf]tsfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]t ;+nUg e}e|i6frf/hGo sfo{ ul/Psf] egL hfx]/L k/]sf]cj:yf 5 eg] 7uL d'2fdf To;/L gSsnLhUufwgLaf6 hUuf v/Lb u/L lng] lzjk|;fbl/hfnn] sLt]{ gSsnL dflg; v8f u/L gful/stf,hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ / df]7 ;|]:tf ;d]t ;RofO{sLt]{ u/L cfkm"nfO{ 7uL u/]sfn] sf/jfxL ul/kfpFmegL hfx]/L b/vf:t lbO{ pQm d'2fsf] p7fgePsf] b]lvG5 .

!)= To; afx]s b'a} d'2fdf kLl8t kIfkm/s km/s /x]sf 5g\ eg] e|i6frf/ / 7uLd'2fdf ck/fwsf] k|s[lt / uDeL/tf, To;dfx'g] ;hfo / lauf], kLl8t kIfnfO{ k|bfg ul/g]pkrf/df klg km/s km/s cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf/x]sf] 5 . b'a} d'2f ;/sf/jfbL e} rNg] ePklg e|i6frf/ d'2fdf e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f;DaGwLsfg"gL Joj:yf cfslif{t x'G5 eg] 7uL d'2f,d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] dxncGtu{t kb{5 . b'O{5'6[f5'6} sfg"gåf/f kl/eflift ck/fwcGtu{tkg]{ s;"/sf xsdf tL 5'6[f5'6[} sfg"gåf/ftf]lsPadf]lhd d'2f kl/rflnt x'g] cj:yfdfpxL JolQmx¿sf] pxL sfo{nfO{ lnP/ b'O{ cnud'2f rNg ;Sb}g eGg] cfzo bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf]l;4fGtsf] xf]Og . Pp6} tYoaf6 Ps eGbfa9L s;"/ x'g ;Sb5g\ . o;/L ;du| tYo /;Da4 sfg"gL Joj:yf / To;n] k|bfg ug]{pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df km/skm/s cj:yfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] b]lvPaf6e|i6frf/ d'2f / 7uL d'2fnfO{ Pp6} ljifodfGg ldNg] b]lvPg .

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!!= s;}n] sfg"gåf/f lglif4 cfk/flwssfo{ u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sfo{nfO{ cnu–cnu sfg"gn] cnu–cnu ck/fw dfGb5 eg]To;nfO{ Pp6} s;"/ dfg]/ Pp6f dfqsfg"gcGtu{t sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ egL ;Lldtt'Nofpg ldNg] x'Fb}g . plNnlvt cfwf/df gSsnLhUufwgL v8f u/L hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{ Pp6}b]lvP klg To;df ;+nUg JolQmx¿, tLJolQmx¿n] lgjf{x u/]sf] km/s km/s e"ldsf /To;af6 pTkGg kl/0ffd ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfpFbfe|i6frf/ / 7uLsf] s;"/ ePsf] b]lvPsf] kl/k|]Iodf7uL d'2fdf ;hfo ePsf] eGg] dfq cfwf/dfk|:t't d'2fdf bf]xf]/f] vt/fsf] l;4fGt cfslif{tx'g] egL dfGg / ;Demg ldNg] cj:yf b]lvgcfPg . t;y{ k|:t't d'2fdf k|ltjfbLx¿n] 7uLd'2fdf klg cfkm"x¿nfO{ s;"/bf/ dfgL cleof]unufOPsf] / cbfntaf6 ;hfo ;d]t ePsf]cj:yfdf e|i6frf/ d'2fdf ;d]t cleof]u nufO{;hfo ul/g' Gofof]lrt\ gePsf] egL lnPsf]lhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

!@= ca, bf];|f] cyf{t\ e|i6frf/sf]s;"/df lauf] ;d]tsf] bfjL lnO{ cleof]u bfo/ePsf] cj:yfdf h/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo;Dd x'g]7x/ fO { lauf ]s f ] xsdf 7uL d '2 fsf ]km};nfadf]lhd x'g] egL lauf]tkm{ osLg lg0f{ogu/L km};nf ug{ ldNg] xf] of xf]Og eGg];+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 p7fOPsf] csf]{ k|Zgdflarf/ ubf{ o;cl3 ul/Psf] ljZn]if0faf6 7uLd'2f / e|i6frf/ d'2fnfO{ km/s km/s ?kdfa'em\g'kg]{ eGg] lgisif{df k'luPsf] eP klglauf]sf] xsdf b'a} d'2fdf jfbL kIfaf6 bfjLlnOPsf] lauf] eg] ;dfg /x]sf] 5 . k|:t'td'2fdf lauf]sf] bfjL lnFbf cfwf/ agfOPsf]ljifo eg]sf] lsQf g+= !@* sf] hUufsf jf:tljshUufwgLnfO{ hfgsf/L g} glbO{ gSsnL hUufwgLv8f u/L pQm hUuf laqmL ul/Psf] lqmof g}xf] . ;f] hUuf To;/L laqmL ubf{ lnvtdf

hgfOPsf] hUufsf] d"NonfO{ g} k|:t't d'2fdf;d]t lauf]sf ?kdf sfod ul/Psf] 5 . 7uLd'2fdf klg lauf]sf] cfwf/ eg]sf] ;f]xL lnvtd"No g} xf] . o;/L cfk/flws sfo{ cnu–cnu eO{ cnu–cnu sfg"gåf/f k|zfl;tx'g] eP klg tL b'O{ cnu s;"/df ;DalGwtlauf] eg] Pp6} ePsf] 5 . Pp6} /sdnfO{cnu–cnu b'O{ d'2fdf lauf]sf ?kdf /flvPsf]cj:yfdf b'a} d'2faf6 lauf] c;"npk/ ul/Fbfjf:tljs lauf] eGbf a9L c;"npk/ x'g] cj:yfcfpF5 .

!#= pko'{Qm ;Gbe{df g]kfn ;/sf/lj= bLks e6[/fO{ ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@;fnsf] kmf}=k'=O{=g+= #! sf] cj}w?kdf ns8Lcf];f/ k;f/ d'2fdf o; cbfntsf] k"0f{Ohnf;af6 ælauf]adf]lhd h/Ljfgf x'g] eg]sf]dfh;n] hlt lauf] vfPsf] 5, ;f] lauf]adf]lhdh/Ljfgf x'g] x'G5 . o;n] olt lauf] lnPvfPsf] 5 eGg] osLg gePsf] / lauf]adf]lhdh/Ljfgf ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ePdf h] hlt lauf]x'G5, ;f]nfO{ bfdfzfxL u/L ;hfo ubf{ kmf}hbf/LGofosf] ds;b k"/f x'g ;Sg] g} x'G5Æ egLl;4fGt sfod ePsf] 5 . lauf]sf] zflAbscy{ bfjL u/]sf] wgdfn jf To;sf] df]n eGg]g} x'G5 . 7uL d'2fdf / k|:t't e|i6frf/ d'2fdf;d]t k|ltjfbLx¿af6 lauf] c;"npk/ u/LkLl8t kIfnfO{ e/fpg] u/L dfu bfjL lnOPsf]5 . 7uL d'2fdf kLl8tsf ?kdf /x]sf hfx]/jfnflzjk|;fb l/hfnn] hUuf v/Lb ubf{ nufgLu/]sf] /sd cfkm"n] kfpg'kg]{ dfu u/]sf] kfOG5 .;f]xL cfwf/df lnvt d"NonfO{ cfwf/ agfP/lauf] sfod ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L k|:t'td'2fdf klg lauf]sf] cfwf/ ;f]xL lnvt d"NonfO{cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 . k|:t't d'2f / 7uL d'2fdfpg} JolQmx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] / k|ltjfbL sfodul/Psf] eP klg pgLx¿n] km/s km/sx}l;otaf6 plNnlvt cfk/flws sfo{ u/]sf]

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b]lvPsf] x'Fbf km/s km/s cleof]u nufOPsf]b]lvG5 . t/ lauf]sf] xsdf eg] 7uLsf] 36gfaf6kLl8t ePsf JolQmnfO{ k'u]sf] xflg / e|i6frf/d'2fdf e|i6frf/hGo lqmof ul/Psf] elgPsf]cÍ Pp6} ePsfn] To;nfO{ b'a} d'2fdf lauf]sf]?kdf sfod u/L b'a} d'2faf6 c;"npk/ ubf{;f] lqmofdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ bf]xf]/f] ef/ kg]{oyfy{nfO{ klg Goflos k|lqmofdf dgg\ ul/g'kb{5 .

!$= jf:tljs lauf ]eGb f a9Lc;"npk/ ug]{ P]gsf] dg;fo klg b]lvFb}g .k|ltjfbLx¿n] lnP vfPsf] lauf] :ki6 ?kdfv'n ]sf ] cj:yfdf ;f ]adf ] lhd g} lauf ]c;"npk/ ug]{ P]gsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] b]lvG5 .7uL d'2fdf 7lug] JolQmnfO{ lauf] e/fpg]sfo{n] kLl8t JolQmnfO{ ePsf] jf:tljsIfltafktsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] k|efj u|x0f u/]sf]x'G5 . t/ e|i6frf/ d'2fdf lauf]sf] ;DaGwTo:tf] s;"/hGo sfo{af6 /fHonfO{ k'u]sf]xflg;Fu dfq x'Fb}g . To;n] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf/xg] JolQmsf] ;bfrf/, pgLx¿n] ;fj{hlgshLjgdf v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsf / pgLx¿n] kbLost{Josf] kfngfaf6 k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;]jf ;d]tsfljifox¿ hf]l8P/ cfpF5g\ . e|i6frf/ d'2fdf;Dal Gwt JolQmnfO { p;sf ] s; "/sf ]dfqfcg';f/ ;hfo ;d]t ul/g] x'Fbf To;/Lul/g] ;hfocGtu{t x'g] h/Ljfgf lgwf{/0fdflauf]nfO{ cfwf/ agfOG5 . k|:t't d'2f lglZrt36gfdf cfwfl/t ePsfn] o;df lauf] sfodug{sf nflu ;f]xL 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt lnvtg} kof{Kt /x]sf] 5 . t/, ;f]xL lnvt d"NonfO{cfwf/ agfP/ 7uL d'2fdf lauf] sfod u/Lk|ltjfbLx¿af6 c;"npk/ u/L ;f] /sd7uLsf] s;"/af6 kLl8t ePsf JolQmnfO{e/fOg] x'Fbf jf:tljs kLl8t JolQmsf] Ifltsfaf/]df ;f]xL d'2faf6 ;Daf]wg e};s]sf] x'Fbfo; d'2faf6 k'gM lauf] c;"npk/ ul/g'

Gofof]lrt\ x'g] b]lvFb}g . k|:t't d'2fdf lauf]nfO{s]an s;"/nfO{ x'g] ;hfo lgwf{/0f ug] {k|of]hg;Dddf ;Lldt ul/g' g} pko'Qm x'g]b]lvG5 . t;y{ e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df lauf];d]tsf] bfjL lnO{ cleof]u bfo/ ePsf]cj:yfdf h/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo;Dd x'g] 7x/fO{lauf]sf] xsdf 7uL d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhdx'g] egL ePsf] km};nfnfO{ cGoyf eGg ldNg]cj:yf b]lvg cfPg .

!%= ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 hl6n sfg"gLk|Zg egL p7fOPsf ;}4flGts k|Zgsf af/]dfdfly ljj]rgf e};s]sf] kl/k|]Iodf ca k|:t'td'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L Gofo lg/f]k0f ul/g'kg]{ePsf] 5 . To;/L Gofo lg?k0f ubf{ ;f] ljifo;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] If]qflwsf/sf] ljifo dfgL ;+o'QmOhnf;df g} lkmtf{ ul/g'kg]{ xf] jf o;Ohnf;af6 Gofo lg?k0f ug{ ldNg] xf] eGg]k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs} xf] . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;dIfcfPsf d'2fx¿dWo] s] s:tf d'2fx¿ s] s'gOhnf;af6 x]l/g] egL :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yful/Psf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod # df k"0f{Ohnf;af6 x]l/g] d'2fx¿sf] ljj/0f k|:t'tul/Psf] 5 . pQm lgod # sf] pklgod -!_ sf]v08 -3_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ s'g} d'2fdf;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} hl6n sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg0f{ok"0f{ Ohnf;af6 x'g pko'Qm 5 eGg] s'/f ;f]d'2f x]g]{ ;+o'Qm Ohnf;nfO{ nfuL ;f] Ohnf;n];f] sfg"gL k|Zg / k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 To;sf]lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ sf/0f pNn]v u/L k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk]z ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] d'2f k"0f{ Ohnf;af6Gofo lg?k0f ul/g] b]lvG5 .

!^= To;/L k"0f{ Ohnf;n] cfkm";dIfsfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg?k0fsf nflu cfPsf d'2fsf]tYoleq k|j]z u/L Gofo lg?k0f ug{ gldNg]egL sfg"gn] cGoyf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g . To;dfklg k|:t't d'2fdf p7]sf sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg?k0f

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kl5 tYout k|Zgdf Gofo lg?k0f ug{sf nflu;+o'Qm Ohnf;;dIf k7fpFbf k'gM ;'g'jfO{ul/g'kg]{ sf/0fn] ubf{ cgfjZos ?kdf nfdf]calw JotLt x'g u} zL3| Gofosf] dfGotfdflyg} uDeL/ c;/kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] b]lvG5 .ldlt @)%^.^.& df hfx]/L k/L p7fg ePsf]k|:t't d'2f o;} nufpsf] 7uL d'2f;FucGt/\;DalGwt egL pQm 7uL d'2f d'ntjLdf/x]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ nfdf] calw;Dd clgl0f{tcj:yfdf /xg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . d'2f rNbfsf]avtsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf cfwf/df k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lj/f6gu/df bfo/ e} clVtof/ b'?kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* df bf];|f ];+zf]wgkl5 ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fdf ;/LcfPsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg nfdf] calw JotLtePsf] cj:yf 5 . o;/L slxn] d'ntjLdf/x]sf] sf/0fn] t slxn] If]qflwsf/sf] sf/0fn]ubf{ d'2fsf] sf/jfxL cgk]lIft ?kdf nlDaguPsf] cj:yfnfO{ klg uDeL/tfk"j{s u|x0fug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . k"0f{ Ohnf; o:tf d'2fsf]tYout k|Zgsf] lg?k0f ug{sf nflu ;Ifd/x]sf] / clwsf/If]qsf b[li6n] klg To;/LGofo lg?k0f ug{ ;lsg] g} x'Fbf k|:t't d'2fsf]lg?k0fdf ePsf] clt ljnDjsf] cj:yf;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L of] Ohnf; k|:t'td'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L Gofo lg?k0f ug]{lgisif{df k'u]sf] 5 .

!&= ca, k|:t't d'2fsf] tYoleq k|j]zu/L cleof ]u bfjLadf ] lhdsf ] s;"/dfk|ltjfbLx¿dWo] sf] s;sf] s] s:tf] ;+nUgtf/x]sf] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ ePsf]5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't d'2fdfk|ltjfbL agfOPsf / ljz]if cbfntaf6 ;hfox'g] 7x/ ePsf JolQmx¿dWo] dx]z rfkfufO{,zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{, uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL /czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf] dfq o; cbfnt;dIfk'g/fj]bg kg{ cfPsf] 5 . ljz]if cbfntaf6

;hfo x'g] 7x/ ePsf JolQmx¿dWo] afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]nsf] d[To' e};s]sf] ldl;naf6 b]lvG5eg] o'j/fh kf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n /pd]zs'df/ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 o; cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg kg{ cfPsf] 5}g . z'? km};nfpk/k'g/fj]bg gug]{ JolQmx¿sf ;DaGwdf x]bf{cbfntL aGbf]j:tsf] @)% g+= df æPs} d'2fdfxfg]{ emul8ofdWo] s;}sf] k'g/fj]bg ph"/k/]sf]af6 hfFlrFbf OG;fkm jf ;hfo plN6g]eO{ ;f] OG;fkm ;hfo pN6fO{ km};nf ubf{k'g/fj]bg ph"/ glbg] emul8ofsf xsdf;d]tOG;fkm ;hfo plN6g hfg] eof] eg] To:tf]dfk'g/fj]bg ph"/ k/]sf] 5}g egL ;b/ ul/lbg'x'Fb}g . k'g/fj]bg ph"/ glbg]sf xsdf ;d]tk'g/fj]bg ph"/ lbg] ;/x pN6fO{ l5lglbg'k5{Æ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of]sfg"gL Joj:yfn] k"0f{ Gofosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{;d]6]sf] / s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf k|ltjfbLx¿dWo];a}sf] k'g/fj]bg gk/L s'g} Ps jf s]xLsf]dfq k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] cj:yfdf klg ;a}k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf ljrf/ u/L Gofo lg?k0ful/g'kg]{ pbfQ dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf]kfOG5 . t/, k'g/fj]bg gug]{ JolQmsf xsdf;d]t tNnf] cbfntsf] km};nf pN6L x'g]cj:yfdf dfq of] sfg"gL Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g]b]lvG5 . ck/fw g} sfod gx'g] cj:yf b]lvPdfk'g/fj]bg gug]{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ klg ;kmfO{ lbgcfklQ 5}g . t/, k|:t't d'2fdf ljBdfg /x]sf]tYonfO{ lgofNg] xf] eg] k|ltjfbLdWo]sLafnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] cfkm"nfO{ /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofosf ?kdf k|:t't u/L gSsnL gful/stf;d]t k]z u/L lsQf g+= !@* sf] hUufsfjf:tljs hUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] hUuf cs}{JolQmnfO{ xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] eGg] tYolglj{jfb ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] b]lvG5 . csf{sfgfdsf ] hUuf laqmL ug] { sfo {df lghafnfs'df/Lsf] elthf] gftfsf o'j/fh kf]v/]nn]

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tf/tDo ldnfPsf] eGg] s'/f lgh afnfs'df/L/ kljqf kf]v/]nn] 7uL d'2fdf cg';Gwfgsfqmddf u/]sf] aofgaf6 :ki6 ?kdf b]lvPsf]5 . csf{ k|ltjfbL bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]nn] cfkm"nfO{/f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf 5f]/f /fdk|;fb pkfWofo egLk|:t't u/L ;f] cfk/flws sfo{df ;l/s ePsf]eGg] s'/f lghs} cfdf afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n />LdtL kljqf kf]v/]nn] 7uL d'2fdf u/]sf]jofgaf6 v'n]sf] 5 . To;} u/L csf{ k|ltjfbLpd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] 7uL d'2fdf u/]sf] jofgdfcfkm"n] lbbL zs'Gtnf ;d]t;Fusf] ldnf]dtf]df;f] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] egL ;f]afkt cfkm"n];d]t /sd lng' vfg' u/]sf] s'/f :ki6;FuatfPsf 5g\ . o;/L oL k|ltjfbLx¿ afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]n, bfgaxfb'/ kf]v/]n, o'j/fh kf]v/]n /pd]zs'df/ g]kfn ;d]t ;+nUg eO{ e|i6frf/hGolqmof ;DkGg ePsf] b]vL lghx¿nfO{ s;"/bf/7x/ u/]sf] km};nfpk/ lghx¿n] k'g/fj]bg;d]t gu/]sf] l:yltdf lghx¿sf] xsdf clGtdeP/ /x]sf] z'? ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf]km};nfsf kl/k|]Iodf ;d]t k|:t't d'2fnfO{x]g'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

!*= ca, o; cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bgug]{ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtfsf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{ k|ltjfbLdWo]sf uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL pQm;dodf dfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªsf dfnkf]tclws[t x'g\ . lghn] gSsnL JolQmnfO{/f ] lx0fLs'df/L agfO { lbOPsf ] hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk / ;f]xL cfwf/df /fhLgfdf;d]t kf/Lt ul/lbPsf] eGg] ;d]tsf] cfwf/dflgh uf]kLs[i0fn] e|i6frf/ hGo s;"/ u/]sf]egL lghnfO{ ;d]t k|ltjfbL agfO{ cleof]ukq bfo/ ePsf ] b ] lvG5 . ck/fwsf ]cf/DeljGb 'sf ?kdf /x ]sf ] hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn k|fKt u/L ;f]xL k"hf{sfcfwf/df hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] x'Fbfkmf]6f] 6fF;L hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbg] k|lqmofdf

oL k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] ;+nUgtf 5jf 5}g eGg] tkm{ x]bf{ ldlt @)%^.$.@ df/f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofosf] hUufwgL btf{k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg dfnkf]tsfo{nodf btf{ ePsf] / ;f] lgj]bgdf k|d'vdfnkf]t clws[tsf x}l;otn] zlzgf/fo0f bf;n]tf]s nufPkl5 k|lqmof cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 .;DalGwt kmfF6af6 ;a} ljj/0f ?h' u/Lk|ltlnlk clws[t;dIf k]z x'g] lgoldtk|zf;lgs k|lqmof xf] . dfnkf]t clws[t lghuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL;dIf o;/L k]z ePsf]hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk k|dfl0ftul/lbPsf] / ;f]xL k"hf{sf cfwf/df ldlt@)%^.%.!* df / g+= *&% sf] lnvt kf/LtePsf ] s '/fdf ljjfb 5 }g . ;fljsdfhUuf;DaGwL ljj/0fsf] df]7 ;|]:tfdf ;DalGwthUufwgLsf] kmf]6f] 6fF:g] k|rng g/x]sf] s'/fdfnkf]t ljefusf] ldlt @)%@.%.!* sf]kl/kqaf6 klg b]lvg cfpF5 . r=g+= (##,ldlt @)%@.%.!* sf] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ tyf;|]:tfdf kmf]6f] /fVg];DaGwL pQm kl/kqdfæhUufwgLnfO{ lbOg] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{dfhUufwgLsf] gfd y/, jtgsf] cltl/QmhUufwgLsf] tLgk':t], gful/stfsf] ljj/0f,xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f] / ;lx5fk gd"gf/fVg] / ;f]xLadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f sfof{nodf/xg] ;|]:tfdf ;d]t /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{g/:ÆegL >L % sf] ;/sf/ -d=k=_ af6 ldlt@)%@.@.@@ df lg0f{o ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 .tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/ -d=k=_ sf] pQmlg0f{osf cfwf/df dfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªnfO{;Daf]wg u/L ldlt @)%@.%.!* df k7fOPsf]kl/kqkl5 dfq kmf]6f] 6fF:g] k|rng sfodePsf] kl/k|]Iodf dfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªdf/x]sf] ;fljs df]7 ;|]:tfdf jf:tljs hUufwgL/f]lx0fLs'df/Lsf] kmf]6f] 6fFl;Psf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .gSsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/L agL hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf]

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k|ltlnlk lng sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg] afnfs'df/Lkf]v/]nn] /f]lx0fLs'df/L egL cfkm\g} kmf]6f] 6fF;u/L lgj]bg lbPsf] / df]7 ;|]:tfdf ;d]t lghgSsnL /f]lx0fLs'df/Ls} kmf]6f] 6fF;L kmfF6af6k|fKt ePsf] df]7 ;|]:tfsf cfwf/df dfnkf]tclws[tsf x}l;otdf oL k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nLn] df]7 / lgj]bgdf /x]sf] kmf]6f] le8fPsf]/ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqdf klg ;f]xL kmf]6f]/x ]sf ] lghsf ] syg ldl;n ;+nUg oLsfuhftsf] cjnf]sgaf6 ljZj;gLo b]lvG5 .

!(= To;/L ;DalGwt kmfF6af6 k|fKtePsf] ljj/0fsf cfwf/df dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ug]{u/L ePsf] sfo{df lghsf] jb\lgot /x]sf] jflghn] ;f] sfo{ u/]afkt kmfObf lnP vfPsf]eGg] s'/f klg slxF st}af6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5}g .;f] sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf pd]zs'df/ g]kfn /afnfs'df/L kf]v/]n ;d]tn] lgh uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nL ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf ;f] sfo{ ;DkGgePsf] egL :ki6 Pj+ ls6fgL;fy pNn]v u/]sf]cj:yf klg b]lvFb}g .

@)= o; sfo{df lgh uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsfo{;Dkfbgsf] qmddf ;l/s x'g' lghsf] kbLobfloTjcGtu{ts} s'/f xf] . o; lqmofdfjb\lgotsf] tTj /x]sf] lghn] kmfObf p7fPsf]k|df0fn] k'li6 gu/];Dd lghnfO{ s;"/bf/agfpg ldNb}g . oL k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0fk/fh'nLn] To:tf] jb\lgot /fvL sfo{ u/]sf]eGg] s'/f k'li6 x'g cfPsf] 5}g . lghn]hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] gSsn k|dfl0ft ug]{{ jfljjfbsf] hUuf /lhi6]«]zg kf/Lt ug]{ k|lqmofdf;+nUg eO{ of] o; JolQmaf6 of] olt /sdlnP vfPsf] egL sf]xL s;}n] ph"/ u/]sf] jfkf]n u/]sf] cj:yf klg ljBdfg 5}g . jfbLkIfaf6 k|ltjfbL uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] ;+nUgtf:yflkt x'g] vfnsf k|df0fx¿sf] k|:t'tLs/0f/ To;sf] k'i6\ofO{+ gubf{;Dd s]an cg'dfg /

z+sfsf e/df bf]ifL 7x¥ofpg kmf}hbf/L Gofosf]l;4fGtn] cg'dlt k|bfg ub}{g . t;y{, lghuf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nLsf] ;+nUgtf k'li6 gePsf]cj:yfdf lghnfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf]ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf] km};nf ;f] xb;Ddq'l6k"0f{ b]lvg cfof] .

@!= csL{ k|ltjfbL dfnkf]t sfof{nosLvl/bf/ zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+sf] xsdf ljrf/ubf{ lgh cfkm\gf] kbLo lhDd]jf/Ldf dfq ;Lldtg/xL afnfs'df/L kf ]v/ ]nnfO { gSsnLhUufwgLsf ?kdf k|:t't x'g pT;flxt u/L;xof]u k'¥ofO{ lsQf g+= !@* sf] hUuf laqmLug]{ k|lqmofdf if8oGq ug]{b]lv sfo{ ;DkGgug]{;Ddsf] sfo{df g} ;+nUg /x]sf] eGg] b]lvgcfPsf] 5 . lgh zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+s} efO{pd]zs'df/ g]kfn / gSsnL hUufwgL ag]sLafnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf] aofgdf lgh zs'Gtnfsf];+nUgtfsf af/]df k|i6 cleJolQm kfOG5 .cfk/flws sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;DalGwtJolQmx¿nfO{ hUuf /lhi6]«]zg kf/Lt u/L laqmLug]{ ;du| k|lqmofsf af/]df cjut u/fO{ gSsnLhUufwgL / hUufwgLsf] 5f]/f, a'xf/L ;d]tnfO{b'?T;flxt ug]{, l;sfpg], cx|fpg] lghaf6ePsf] v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .

@@= k|ltjfbLdWo]sf pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn]o;} nufpsf] 7uL d'2fdf cbfnt;dIf pkl:yteO{ u/]sf] jofgdf cfkm" / lzjk|;fb l/hfn eO{lbbL zs'Gtnfsf] 3/df uPsf] / 3/df lbbL /legfh' ;d]t /x]sf] cj:yfdf rf/ hgf eO{a:bfa:b} o'j/fh kf]v/]n klg cfO{ k'u]sf] eGg];d]tsf] ljj/0f k|:t't ub}{ lbbL, legfh' /o'j/fh kf]v/]n]sf] ljZjf;df k/L cfkm" ;f] sfo{df;+nUg ePsf] egL atfPsf 5g\ eg] csf{ k|ltjfbLafnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] cg';Gwfgsf qmddf u/]sf]jofgdf elthf] o'j/fh kf]v/]nn] zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+sf] 3/df k6s k6s k'¥ofPsf], dfnkf]tsfof{noleq Pshgf dlxnf sd{rf/L ædf]6L

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cfOdfO{Æ n] h;n] gfd ;f]w] klg /f]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo atfpg' egL l;sfPsf], lghsf] gfdzs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ eGg] s'/f yfxf kfPsf] egL:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sL 5g\ . pQm jofgJoxf]/fnfO{ k|df0fx¿sf] z[+vnf, sfo{ / kl/0ffdn]k'li6 ul//x]af6 tL sygsf] k|fdfl0fs dxTjnfO{cbfntn] c:jLsf/ ug{ ldNb}g . o;/L lghzs ' Gtnf rfkfufO { +n ] cfk m " sfo { /t \sfof{no;DaGwL sfdsf] cg'ej / kbLolhDd]jf/Lsf] b'?kof]u u/L jb\lgotk"j{s Pp6fJolQmsf] gfddf /x]sf] hUuf gSsnL hUufwgLv8f u/L cs}{ JolQmnfO{ xs x:tfGt/0f u/Lcfkm"n] u}/sfg"gL nfe lng] / jf:tljshUufwgL /f]lx0fLs'df/L pkfWofonfO{ xflgk'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]sf] k'li6 x'g cfof] . o:tf]sfo{n] /fHo ;+oGqk|lt ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]ljZjf; u'Dg] / ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf/fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ljZj;gLotf dflyg} cfFr k'Ug] x'Fbf o:tf sfo{nfO{ b08gLodflgPsf] xf] . e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]gn] o:tf]sfo{nfO{ b08gLo agfPsf] 5 . t;y{, oLk|ltjfbL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+n] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fP]gcGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x/ u/L lghnfO{;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf]km};nf dgfl;j g} b]lvof] .

@#= csf{ k|ltjfbL dx]z rfkfufO{+sf]xsdf x]bf{ lgh If]qLo afnL ;+/If0f k|of]uzfnf,lj/f6gu/df sfo{/t\ /x]sf eO{ lghn] cfkm\gL>LdtL zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+;Fu ldnf]dtf] u/Ldfnkf]t sfof{no, df]/ªaf6 ePsf] k|:t'td'2f;Fu ;DalGwt hUuf laqmLsf] sfo{df ;+nUg/x]sf] eGg] cleof]u bfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . oLk|ltjfbL cfkm"n] s;"/ u/]sf] s'/fdf OGsf//xg'sf ;fy} hUuf kf/Lt ePsf] lbg cfkm"cGoq /x]sf] egL lhsL/ lnP klg lghsf];+nUgtfsf af/]df lghsf ;fnf gftf kg]{pd]zs'df/ g]kfn / gSsnL hUufwgL aGg]

afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn] cfkm\gf] aofgdf :ki6;FupNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 .

k|ltjfbLdWo]sf pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] o;}nufpsf] 7uL d'2fdf cbfnt;dIf pkl:yteO{ u/]sf] jofgdf cfkm" / lzjk|;fb l/hfn eO{lbbL zs'Gtnfsf] 3/df uPsf] / 3/df lbbL /legfh' ;d]t /x]sf] cj:yfdf rf/ hgf eO{a:bfa:b} o'j/fh kf]v/]n klg cfO{ k'u]sf] eGg];d]tsf] ljj/0f k|:t't ub}{ dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6hUuf kf;sf] sfd ;lsPkl5 lbbL zs'Gtnfn]cfkm"nfO{ kfl/>lds:j?k ?=@@,))).– lbg' ePsf],lbbL legfh' / o'j/fh kf]v/]n]sf] ljZjf;df k/Lcfkm" ;f] sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] egL atfPsf5g\ . csL{ k|ltjfbL afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nn]cg';Gwfgsf qmddf u/]sf] jofgdf zs'GtnfrfkfufO{+s} >Ldfg dx]z rfkfufO{+nfO{ ;d]tdfnkf]t sfof{nodf lrg]sf] egL eg]sL 5g\ .

@$= Ohnf;;dIf ax;sf l;nl;nfdflgh tkm{af6 /xg' ePsf ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foLx¿n] pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] ldlt@)%(.!@.^ df sf/fuf/ zfvf, lj/f6gu/dfkm{t\k7fPsf] cbfntdf ePsf] cfkm\gf] jofg em"7fxf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] kqnfO{ klg k|df0fdf lnOg'kg]{ egL lhsL/ lnOPsf] kfOG5 . t/ df}sfdf/ cbfntdf ;d]t pkl:yt e} Pp6f Joxf]/fsf]jofg lbg], ;f] jofg Joxf]/fnfO{ sfg"gLk|lqmofaf6} cGoyf xf] egL k'li6 gu/L ;fdfGolgj]bg k|]lift u/]/ cfkm\gf] k"j{ jofg Joxf]/fnfO{cGoyf egL pNn]v ub}{df To:tf] kl5Nnf]cleJolQmn] k|fdfl0fs dxTj u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}g .o:tf] l;kmfl/zL kqn] s'g} klg d"No /fVb}g .To:tf sfg"gn] k|df0fsf ?kdf :jLsf/ gu/]sf/ ljlwjt ldl;ndf k|j]z klg gu/]sf df}lvsjf lnlvt sygnfO{ cbfntn] dfGotf lbFb}hfg] xf] eg] Goflos k|lqmof / dfGotf vl08tx'g hfG5 / cGttM To;n] s[lqd jf sfNklgsk|df0f v8f ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .

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To;}n] pd]zs'df/ g]kfnn] k7fPsf] pQmlgj]bgnfO{ k|df0fu|fXo dfGg ldNg] b]lvPg .;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n k|df0f gx'g] lhsL/ klgljrf/0fLo 5 . ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n k|df0f g}gx'g] xf]Og . ck/fw ePsf] 5, k|ltlnlk hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{df kmf]6f] 6fFl;Psf] JolQmn] cfkm"ck/fwdf ;fljt x'Fb} kf]n ug'{ / cfkm\g}efO{÷;fnf]n] cfkm" ck/fwdf ;fljt x'Fb} kf]nug'{nfO{ ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n egL k|df0fdf u|x0fug{ OGsf/ ug{ ldNb}g . To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ug{ ldNb}g .

@%= hxfF;Dd lghn] 36gf ePsf] lbgcfkm" cGoq /x]sf] egL lnPsf] lhsL/sf] ;Gbe{5, hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{ ldlt @)%^.%.!* df;DkGg eP klg ;f]sf] k|aGw ldnfpg] sfo{ eg]s]xL cl3b]lv g} k|f/De ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 .lghsf] o; cfk/flws sfo{df ;+nUgtfpd]zs'df/ g]kfn / afnfs'df/L kf]v/]nsf]jofgaf6 klg v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . pd]zs'df/g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] jofgdf hUuf v/Lb laqmLsf]s'/f x'Fbf legfh' dx]z rfkfufO+{sf] klg pkl:yltlyof] egL pNn]v u/]sf] kfOg'af6 lnvt kf/LtePsf] lbg cfkm" cGoq /x]sf] eGg] lghsf]lhsL/n] dfq lghnfO{ ;kmfO{ lbg ldNg] cj:yfb]lvFb}g . t;y{, oL k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/7x/ u/L ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] ljz]if cbfnt,sf7df8f}Fsf] km};nf ;f]xb;Dd dgfl;j g} b]lvgcfof] .

@^= csf{ k|ltjfbL czf]sk|tfk /f0ffsf]xsdf ljrf/ ubf { lghn] /f ]lx0fLs'df/LpkfWofo;Fu ;f]xL ;DklQ axfndf lnO{ a:b}cfPsf] b]lvG5 . gSsnL hUufwgL v8f u/LpQm hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{df lgh;d]t ;+nUg/x]sf] egL e|i6frf/sf] cleof]u bfjL /x]sf]eP klg lghsf] ;+nUgtf b]lvg] vfnsf] k|df0fk]z x'g ;s]sf] kfOb}g . kmut cleof]u s;}nfO{;hfo ug]{ cfwf/ aGg ;Sb}g . lgh ;d]t

;+nUg e} hUuf laqmLsf] sfo{ ul/Psf] / To;af6lghn] nfe ;d]t lnPsf] egL jfbL kIfn]k|df0f lbg ;s]sf] kfOb}g . cfkm}+nfO{ ;DklQaxfndf lbPsf JolQmsf lj?4df cfkm}+nfO{;d]t c;/ kg]{ u/L cfkm"nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf]nfe gx'g] s'/fdf hUuf laqmL ug]{ sfo{df;xefuL eP xf]nfg\ egL :jfefljs ?kdfcg'dfg ;d]t ug{ ;lsFb}g . e|i6frf/h:tf]cfk/flws lqmofdf ;+nUg /xg] JolQmn]:jfefljs ?kdf cfkm"n] nfe xfl;n ug]{ /cGo s;}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg] jb\lgot /fv]sf]x'G5 . lgh czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] cleof]u bfjLsf]sfo{df ;+nUg eO{ of] o:tf] nfe lnPsf] eGg]s;}af6 v'Ng cfPsf] 5}g . jfbL kIfaf6 g}To;sf] j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ / sf/0f g} b]vfpg;s]sf] kfOG5 . cg'dfg / cfz+sfsf e/dfs;}nfO{ e|i6frf/ h:tf] uDeL/ ck/fwdf bf]ifL7x/ ug'{ Gofof]lrt\ x'Fb}g . t;y{, lghsf];+nUgtf :yflkt x'g] vfnsf] :ki6 k|df0fjfbL kIfaf6 k]z x'g g;s]sf] x'Fbf lghnfO{s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf] xb;Dd z'? ljz]if cbfnt,sf7df8f}Fsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ b]lvg cfof] .

@&= ca, ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}Faf6ePsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g eGg] clGtdk|Zgdf ljrf/ ubf{ dfly ul/Psf] ljj]rgfPj+ tYout ljZn]if0f tyf cleof]u bfjLsf]s;"/df k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtfsf] af/]dfu l /Psf ] ljj ]rg f ;d ]tsf c fw f/d fk|ltjfbLx¿dWo]sf uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL /czf]sk|tfk /f0ff cleof]u bfjLsf] s;"/df;+nUg /x]sf] eGg] tYoo'Qm k|df0fsf] cefjdflghx¿nfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg'kg]{dflghx¿nfO{ ;d]t s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf] xb;Ddljz]if cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ b]lvof] .t;y{ ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f} Fsf ] ldlt@)^).!@.# sf ] km };nf s]xL pN6L e }k|ltjfbLx¿ uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL / czf]sk|tfk

12591259125912591259

**&% - s'df/k|;fb kf]v/]n lj=g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud ;d]t

/f0ffn] ;kmfO kfpg] / cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sf]xsdf pQm km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . c?dftk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Ln

dfly OG;fkm v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhdk|ltjfbLx¿ dWo]sf uf]kLs[i0f k/fh'nL /czf]shFu eGg] czf]sk|tfk /f0ffn] cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpg] 7x/]sf] x'Fbf lghx¿nfO{s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/L h/Ljfgf ug]{ u/]sf] ljz]ifcbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf] ldlt @)^).!@.# sf]km};nfsf] tk;Ln v08 ! / $ adf]lhdsf]nut s6[f u/L lghx¿n] /fv]sf] w/f}6afktsf]h]yf hdfgtsf] ;DklQsf] /f]Ssf km's'jf ul/lbg'egL ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg ;DalGwtlhNnf cbfntdf n]vL k7fOlbg" ========= !

k|ltjfbLx¿ zs'Gtnf rfkfufO{+ / dx]zrfkfufO{+sf xsdf cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/u/]sf] 7x¥ofPsf] ljz]if cbfnt, sf7df8f}Fsf]km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x/]sf] x'Fbf pQm km};nfsf]tk;Ln v08 @ / # adf]lhdsf] h/Ljfgfc;"npk/ ePkl5 lghx¿n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,lj/f6gu/sf] cfb]zadf]lhd /fv]sf] w/f}6jfktsf]h]yf hdfgtsf] ;DklQ km's'jf ul/lbg' egL;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fOlbg" === @

k|:t't km};nfsf] hfgsf/L jfbL g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ lbO{ k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nuts6 [ f u/L ldl;n lgodadf ] lhd u/La'emfOlbg" == #pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tLGof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\

lg0f{o g+= **&% lg0f{o g+= **&% lg0f{o g+= **&% lg0f{o g+= **&% lg0f{o g+= **&%

;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/ cnL cG;f/LdfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tL

)^%–WO-)%&)cfb]z ldltM @)^(.$.@#.#

ljifoM pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t .

lgj ]bsM sf7df8f } lhNnf, sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=( cf]d;fO{ dfu{3/ g+=!)^÷#@ 3/ eO{ g]kfn jfo';]jflguddf l;lgo/ SofK6]g kbdf sfo{/ts'df/k|;fb kf]v/]n

lj?4ljkIfLM g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud s]=sf= ;d]t

§ cfkm\gf] /fhLgfdf :jR5 lgotn] lkmtf{lnPsf] jf /4 u/]sf] jf ;f] ug]{ k|of;gu/]sf ] cj:yfdf ;f ] /fhLgfdfoyfl:yltdf /lx/x]sf]n] h'g;'s} a]nfklg:jLs[t x'g ;Sg] .

§ /fhLgfdf lbPsf] s]xL lglZrt\ cjlwleq/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug'{kg]{ / gu/]df ;f]/fhLgfdf cfkm}F cl:tTjxLg x'g] cj:yfgePsfn] :jLs[t ug'{kg]{ s'g} lglZrt\ldltsf] ls6fg jf ;do;Ldfsf] lgwf{/0fgePsf]n] Joj:yfkgsf] OR5fg';f/ hlxn]klg :jLs[t ug{ ldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ :jb]zsf] Wjhfjfxs Po/nfOG;sf] :yfoL

kfOn6 -SofK6]g_ n] n's]/ ljb]zsf]Po/nfOG;df ;]jf lbg', ToxfF sfd ug'{lghsf] kbLo cfr/0f / g}ltstfljk/Ltsf] sfo{ xf] . g]kfn jfo';]jf

&&&&&

12601260126012601260


lgudsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ ljlgodfjnL,@)%* sf] klg ljk/Lt xf] . o:tf]u}/sfg"gL sfd ug]{n] ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf]df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] bfjL ug'{ sfg"g/ ;dGofonufot s'g} klg dfkb08af6ts{;+ut / cf}lrTok"0f{ gx'g] ePsfn]o:tf] unt k|j[lQnfO{ Goflos ;+/If0faf6k|f]T;flxt ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_

lgj]bs tkm{jf6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx¿ xl/x/bxfn, ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ / clwjQmf >L;tLzs[i0f v/]n

ljkIfL tkm{jf6M ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ lbgdl0fkf}8]n / g/axfb'/ v8\sf

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf

zt{ ljlgodfjnL, @)%*

cfb]zGof=tflx/ cnL cG;f/LM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)& -@_ adf]lhdo; cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leqsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

lgj]bs s/Lj @* jif{b]lv g]kfn jfo';]jflgudsf] ;]jfdf k|j]z u/L jl/i7 SofK6]g kbdfsfo{/t /x]sf] 5' . ljutsf s]xL jif{df g]kfnjfo';]jf lguddf ljdfgx¿ 36\b} uPsf] /lgj]bsn] p8fg u/L /x]sf 7"nf ljdfgx¿ p8fgsf]kfnf] w]/} sd ldNg] ePsf] / lgud;Fu lgj]bsh:tf kfOn6x¿sf] ;Vof sfo{jf]emsf] t'nfgfdfw]/} ePsf] x'gfn] of] cjlwsf] ;b'kof]u ug{sfnflu lgj]bsn] ljBfjfl/lw ug]{ / ;f]sf nflulgud;Fu ljbfsf] dfu u/]sf] lyP+F . t/ d]/f]cWoog ljbfsf] ljkIfL lgudn] s'g} jf:tfgu/]kl5 d lgj]bs cfˆgf] ;l~rt ljbfjf6

s]xL lbgsf] ljbf ;d]t lnO{ cfkmgf] k]zfutcg';Gwfg :jTk|fof]lht ?kdf ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfnaflx/ uPsf] lyPF . yk ;do /fvL d}n] cltl/Qmljbf df+u u/]sf]df d]/f] kof{Kt ljbf ;l~rt/xbfF /xb} klg d]/f] ljbf :jLs[t gu/L dnfO{pkl:yt x'g gcfPsf] cj:yfdf sf/jfxL ug]{;"rgf lbPkl5 ldlt @)^%.^.& sf lbg d}n]cfˆgf] lrQ gj'em]sf] s'/f pNn]v u/L ljgf s'g}zt{ :jLsf/ u/]df d~h"/ x'g] u/L /fhLgfdfn]vL ljkIfL lgudsf] k|jGw lgb]{zsnfO{ ;Djf]wgu/L lbPsf] lyP+F . t/ d]/f] plNnlvt /fhLgfdfdnfO{ ;gfvt u/fpg] jf :jLs[t ug]{ sfo{ePg . pN6} ldlt @)^%.&.!& sf] ldlt /fvLxfn;Dd lguddf q'msf] cefj g} /x]sf] x'gfn]olb lgudsf] ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbg' rfxg'x'G5eg] tkfO{n] lbPsf] /fhLgfdfpk/ k'glj{rf/ ug{/ ljbf lgoldt ug]{ ;DaGwdf cljnDj sfof{nodfpkl:yt x'g ;'lrt ul/G5 egL ljkIfL lgb]{zsck/];G;jf6 lgj]bsnfO{ kq k7fPkl5 lgj]bsn]ldlt @)^%.(.* df /fhLgfdf /2 u/L ljbflgoldt u/L egL bvf{:t lbPsf] lyPF . ;f]bvf{:t /Ltk"j{s lgudsf] k|wfg sfof{nodfdxfk|jGwssf] sfof{nodf ldlt @)^%.(.* dfbtf{ /x]sf] 5 .

o;/L :jLs[t x'g' k"j{ d}n] d]/f] /fhLgfdf/2 ul/kfpFm / ljbf lgoldt ul/kfpFm egLb/vf:t ubf{ ;d]t ljbf lgoldt ug]{tkm{ s'g}kxn gePkl5 ldlt @)^%.!!.!! sf lbg lgj]bscfˆgf] ;]jfdf xfhL/ ePF . l;lgo/ SofK6]gx¿sf]xsdf lgoldt xfhL/L ug'{ gkg]{ cfˆgf] pkl:ylthgfPkl5 km\nfO{6 /f]:6/df gfd /fv]/ hgfplbg] ul/Psf]df pkl:yt ePsf] nfdf] ;do;Ddklg ˆnfO{6 /f]:6/df gfd /fv]sf] s'g} hfgsf/LglbPsf] / p8fgsf] s'g} lhDd]jf/L glbPsf] x'gfn]ldlt @) dfr{ @))( sf lbg ljkIfL lgudsf]k|wfg sfof{nodf uO{ j'‰bf d]/f] ldlt @)^%.^.&sf] /fhLgfdfnfO{ d xfhL/ x'g'eGbf @ lbg cufj}

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cyf{t\ @)^%.!!.( sf lbg @)^%.^.& b]lv g}nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[t ul/;lsPsf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf]kq lgj]bsnfO{ lbOof] . To:tf] sfdsf/jfxLjf6lgj]bsnfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!@-#_r !#,!( n] k|bfg u/]sf] ;+j}wflgs xs /g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud sd{rf/L lgodfjnL, @)%*sf] lgod ^^ sf] -!_-@_ / -#_ n] k|bfg u/]sf]sfg"gL xsdf cf3ft k'u]sf] / To:tf] q'l6k"0f{sfdsf/jfxL ab/ ug{sf nflu cGo s'g} k|efjsf/Lpkrf/ pknJw gePsf] x'gfn] of] lgj]bg ug{cfPsf] 5' .

/fhLgfdf sd{rf/Lsf] :j]R5fdf lge{//xg] s'/f xf] . o;/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t x'g' k"j{g} ldlt @)^%.(.* df lbPsf] lgj]bgjf6 ldlt@)^%.^.& df d}n] lbPsf] /fhLgfdfsf] dfGotfz"Go ePsf] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . /fhLgfdf :jLs[tx'g'eGbf w]/} cl3 g} /2 ul/;s]sf] / To;dfklg :jo+ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'/f]w adf]lhd k'glj{rf/u/L /2 ul/;s]sf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[ltsf nfluk]z ug]{,:jLs[t ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ clwsf/ljkIfLx¿nfO{ 5}g . /fhLgfdf /2 ul/Psf]ldlteGbf s/Lj # dlxgf cl3b]lv nfu" x'g]u/L :jLs[t ul/Psf] elgPsf] ldlt eGbf s/Lj% dlxgf cl3b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[t ul/Psf]5 . Tolt dfq ge} ldlt @)^%.^.& df btf{u/fOPsf] /fhLgfdf ldlt @)^%.!!.( df :jLs[tul/Psf]df klg Ps dlxgfsf] k"j{ ;"rgf glbPsf]egL Ps dlxgfsf] tnj s6\6f ug]{ u/L :jLs[tul/Psf] elgPsf] 5 . d}n] lbPsf] /fhLgfdflgMzt{ 5 . d}n] lgudnfO{ d]/f] ;]jfsf]cfjZostf g/x]sf] lgisif{df k'lu of] /fhLgfdfljgf zt{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu egL btf{ u/fPsf]lyP+F .

pk/f]Qm cfwf/df ljkIfLx¿n] u/]sf]/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug]{ ldlt @)^%.!!.( sf] kq/ ;f] kq;+Fu ;DalGwt lg0f{o sfdsf/jfxL l6Kk0fLcfb]z g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !)& adf]lhd pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zaf6 ab/u/L dnfO{ d]/f] kbdf xfhL/ u/fO{ sfg"gadf]lhdkfpg] tnj eQf lbO{ sfddf nufpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf k/dfb]z nufotsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] l/6 lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bsf] dfuadf]hdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] < of]cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s!% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm lnO{ cfkm} jf cfˆgf]k|ltlglwåf/f pkl:yt x'g' egL l/6 lgj]bgsf] !k|lt gSsn ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLnfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{lbg" . lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.!@.!$sf] cfb]z .

lnlvt hjfkmjfnf lgud -zfxL_ g]kfnjfo';]jf lgud P]g, @)!( cGtu{t cljlR5GgpQ/flwsf/jfnf Ps ;Ful7t / :jzfl;t ;+:yfxf] . ljkIfL lgj]bsn] ljbf dfu u/L lgudn]z'?df a}zfv !# ut]b]lv a}zfv #!,@)^%;Ddsf] nflu ljbf :jLs[t u/L ljbfdfa:g'ePsf]df 3/]n' sf/0f bzf{O{ k'gM tLg dlxgfljbf yk :jLs[tsf] nflu d] !),@))* sf]Od]n dfkm{t\ cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] / ;f]sf] k|To'Q/dfb'O{j6f hxfh ;~rfngsf] nflu q'msf] cefjx'g] x'Fbf yk ljbf :jLs[t ug{ g;lsg] x'gfn]:jLs[t ljbfkZrft\ sfof{nodf xfhL/ x'glgudjf6 Od]n dfkm{t\ ljkIfLnfO{ hfgsf/Lu/fOPsf] lyof] . ljkIfL lgj]bsn] ljbfnfO{clwsf/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5,hjls ljbf clwsf/ geO{ ;'ljwf dfq xf] eGg]s'/fdf s'g} ljjfb b]lvb}g . ljkIfLn] ljbf:jLs[tsf] nflu lbg'ePsf] lgj]bgx¿ cfjZosk|lqmof k"/f gePsf]n] ljbf :jLs[t x'g g;s]sf]/ lgudsf] tTsfnLg p8fg tflnsf / q'msf]cefj x'g] b]lvPsf]n] yk ljbf :jLs[t gu/LljkIfLnfO{ k6s k6s sfof{nodf pkl:ytx'g lgb]{zg lbOPsf] lyof] .

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ljkIfL lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^%.^.& dfljgfzt{ tTsfn nfu" x'g] u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu/fhLgfdf lguddf k]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lgudn]ldlt @)^%.&.!& df kq k7fO{ xfn klg lguddfq'msf] cefj g} /x]sf] x'+bf olb lgudsf] ;]jfdflg/Gt/tf lbg rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{n] lbg'ePsf]/fhLgfdf pk/ k'glj{rf/ ug{ / ljbf lgoldtug]{ ;DaGwdf clanDj sfof{nodf pkl:ytx'g ;'lrt ul/G5 egL kqfrf/ ubf{ ;d]tljkIfL lguddf nfdf] ;do;Dd cg'kl:yt/xg'ePsf] lyof] . lgudn] k7fPsf] kqsf]nueu @ dlxgfkl5 dfq ljkIfLn] /fhLgfdfkq lkmtf{ ul/kfpFm egL ldlt @)^%.(.* dflguddf kq btf{ ug'{ePsf] / ;f] jLrsf] ;dodfljkIfL u}/xfhL/ b]lvPsf]n] lgudn] lghsf]/fhLgfdf l:js[t ug]{tkm{ sf/jfxL j9fpFb}lgudsf] cy{ ljefudf lgh ljkIfL;Fu n]gb]gafFsL /x]sf] ;DaGwdf ldlt @)^%.*.!* dfkq n]v]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} ;f]xL ;dodf lghn]RAK Airways df sfo{ u/]sf] ljj/0f ;d]t k|fKtx'g cfPsf] cj:yf 5 . ljkIfLn] ldlt @)^%.^.&df tTsfn nfu" x'g] u/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[tul/kfpFm egL lbPsf] lgj]bg cg'¿k g} ;f]xLldltjf6 nfu" x'g] u/L ldlt @)^%.!!.( dfljkIfL lgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/Psf]lyof] . ljkIfL lgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf]@ lbgkl5 dfq ldlt @)^%.!!.!! df ;]jfdfxfhL/ ePsf] egL ljkIfLn] lguddf kqfrf/u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgh ljkIfLsf] /fhLgfdflgudjf6 :jLs[t ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 lghljkIfL lguddf xfhL/ x'g cfpg' jf kqfrf/u/L xfhL/ x'g vf]Hg'n] ljkIfL ;kmf xft lnO{gcfPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 .

lgh ljkIfL :jodn] /fhLv';L;fycfˆgf] kbjf6 /fhLgfdf u/L o"gfO6]8 c/jO{ld/]6\;l:yt RAK Airways df sKtfg kbdfsfo{/t /x]sf] s'/f RAK Airways n] g]kfn

gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fnfO{ n]v]sf] ;g\ !&ck|Ln @))* sf] kqdf :ki6 pNn]v ePsf]x'Fbf lgh ljkIfLn] lgudnfO{ u'd/fxdf /fvLem'SofO{ pRr lzIff / ljbfsf] axfgf agfO{csf]{ ljdfg sDkgLdf sfd u/L kl5 pQmsDkgLjf6 kms]{ kl5 k'gM lguddf cfpg vf]Hbf;+ljwfg k|bQ :jtGqtfsf] xsjf6 lgudn]al~rt u¥of] eGg ldNb}g .

g ]kfn jfo '; ]jf lgud sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL, @)%* sf ] lgod ^^ n]/fhLgfdf;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . h;df ePsfJoj:yfx¿ lgh ljkIfL lgj]bsn] g} pNn+3gu/]sf] blvG5 . ljkIfL lgj]bs cfkm}n] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yfx¿sf] pNn+3gu/L sfg"gL xsdf cf3ft k'u]sf] egL lnPsf]lhsL/ sfg"g;+ut geO{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g]:ki6 5 . l/6 lgjb]g vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud sfof{no ;d]tsf] tkm{jf6k/]sf] ;+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;ncWoog ul/of] . l/6 lgj]bssftkm{jf6 pkl:yt/xg'ePsf ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx¿ xl/x/ bxfn,ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ / clwjQmf >L zltzs[i0f v/]nn]ax; ug' {eof ] . ljkIfL g]kfn jfo'; ]jflgudsf]tkm{jf6 ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >L lbgdl0fkf}8]n / g/axfb'/ v8\sfn] ax; ug'{eof] .

ax;sf] k|f/De ub} { lgjb]stkm{sfjl/i7 clwjQmf / clwjQmfx¿n] g]kfn jfo';]jflgud ljlgodfjnL, @)%* sf] ljlgod ^^n] /fhLgfdf;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . h;dfPs dlxgfk"j{ ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ / a08 u/]sf]eP ;f] lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .o;df /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ ug{ kfpg], gkfpg];gfvt ug'{kg]{, gkg]{ ;DaGwdf s]xL pNn]vul/Psf] 5}g . lgj]bsn] kbaf6 /fhLgfdflbPkl5 /fhLgfdf k'glj{rf/ ug{ egL lgud

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:jo+n] eg] kl5 lgj]bsn] ;]jf lg/Gt/tf ug{rfx]sf] sf/0f ldlt @)^%.(.* df /fhLgfdflkmtf{ kfpg lgj]bg u/]sf 5g . @)^%.!!.!!df d]/f] kIf lguddf xfhL/ x'guPsf] cj:yf5 . xfhL/ ePkl5 b'O{ lbg cufl8 ldlt@)^%.!!.( df /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] egLkq lbOof] . Human Resource Department dfd]/f] xfhL/Lsf] kq klxnf btf{ ePsf] 5 eg]ljkIfLsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] kq kl5btf{ ePsf] 5 . /fhLgfdf xfd|f] kIfn] :j]lR5s?kdf lbPkl5 sfg"gn] lkmtf{ ug{ kfpb}ggeg];Dd :jLs[t x'g' cufl8 /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ug{ kfpF5 . lkmtf{ lnO;s]sf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[tu/L cjsfz lbg' u}/sfg"gL 5 . Rak Airways

df sfd u/]sf] jf gu/]sf] eGg] s'/f k|:t'td'2fdf ;fGble{s 5}g . ;f] Airways df sfdu/]sf] egL s'g} sf/jfxL ul/Psf] cj:yf geO{lgj]bsn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdf ljkIfLs} cfu|xdfk'gla{rf/ u/L lkmtf{ lng lnlvt lgj]bglbO;s]kl5 /fhLgfdfsf] lgj]bg cl:tTjlxgeO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf /fhLgfdf:jLs[t x'g] k|Zg / cj:yf g} 5}g . ef/tsf];jf]{Rr cbfntn] klg /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 ;f]/fhLgfdf :jLs[t x'g'eGbf klxnf lkmtf{ ug{k fpg ] u/ L Wing Commander lj?4Parthasarathy ePsf] d'2fdf af]n]sf] x'Fbf o;dflgj]bsn] /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ lgj]bg lbO;s]sf]n]To;kl5 /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]ab/ ug]{ u/L l/6 hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿n] oL l/6 lgj]bssf]@)^%.!.!# b]lv @)^%.!.#! ;Dd ljbf :jLs[tePsf] xf] . To;kl5 @)^%.@.! b]lv ljbf :jLs[tgu/fO{ uon k/L a:g'ePsf] 5 . cfˆgf] sfdaf6dlxgf;Dd cg'kl:yt /xL /fhLgfdf lbPkl5klg lgudn] lghnfO{ sfd ug{ rfx]df jf]nfPs}

xf] . t/ lghn] cljnDj xfhL/ geO{ k6sk6s kqfrf/ dfq u/]jf6 lghn] lguddfkmls{g clgR5f b]vfpg'ePsf] :ki6 5 . nfdf];do;Dd labf glnO{ a;]sf] / lgudnfO{hfgsf/L glbO{ ljb]z o"=P=O{ l:yt RAK Airways

df sfd u/]sf] hfgsf/L lgudnfO{ x'gf;fylgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[ltsf] k|lqmof k|f/DeeO{ /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] xf] . o;df s'g}k|ToIf sfg"gL q'l6 5}g . lgudn] Trained u/]sf]Pilot nfO{ lguddf kmsf{pg] k|of; c;kmnePkl5 /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] xf] . /fhLgfdf:jLs[t ug]{ lgudsf] clwsf/ xf] . lgj]bssf]s'g} xs xgg gePsf]n] lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, oL lgj]bs @*jif{b]lv g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t/x]sf] / lguddf sfo{jf]em s]xL sd ePsf]n];f] cjlwdf ljBfjfl/lw ug{ ljbf dfu ubf{glbPsf] sf/0faf6 ldlt @)^%.^.& df ljgfs'g} zt{ :jLsf/ u/]df d~h"/ x'g] u/L /fhLgfdflbPsf]df ljkIfL lgudsf] ldlt @)^%.&.!& sf]/fhLgfdfpk/ k'gllj{rf/ ug'{ eGg] kqnfO{ cfwf/dfgL ldlt @)^%.(.* df /fhLgfdf /2 u/Lljbf lgoldt ul/kfpFm egL b/vf:t lbPsf]lyPF . ljbf lgoldt ug]{tkm{ s'g} sf/jfxLgePkl5 ldlt @)^%.!!.!! df lgj]bs ;]jfdfxfhL/ ePsf]df ldlt @)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdfnfO{g} ldlt @)^%.!!.( df :jLs[t u/]sf]n] %dlxgf cl3b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ePsf] /fhLgfdf:jLs[t ;d]tsf] sfdsf/jfxL ab/ u/L d]/f]kbdf xfhL/ u/fO{ tnj ;d]t lbg' eGg] k/dfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg dfu bfjL/x]sf] b]lvG5M

plNnlvt tYox¿sf] ljj]rgf u/L b'j}kIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf] ax; lhsL/;'gL x]bf{ lgDg k|Zgx¿sf] lg?k0f ub}{ lg0f{oug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5M

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!_ lgj]bsn] /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 ljkIfLlgudsf] cfu|xdf /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ u/]sf]-Withdraw_ df klxnf lbPsf] /fhLgfdf:jLs[t ug{ ldNg] xf], xf]Og <

@_ lgj]bssf] dfubfjLadf]lhd /fhLgfdf:jLs[t u/]sf] ljkIfLsf] lg0f{o ab/ ug]{u/L cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]Og <

@= klxnf] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, oL lgj]bsjfo';]jf lgudsf] ljdfg rfns kbdf /xL l;lgo/SofK6]g kbdf ldlt @)^%.^.& df /fhLgfdfglbP;Dd jxfn /x]sf] eGg]df ljjfb 5}g . lghn]ldlt @)^%.!.!# b]lv @)^%.!.#! ;Dd :jLs[tljbfdf j;]sf] eGg]df klg ljjfb 5}g . t/To;kl5 oL lgj]bsn] tLg dlxgfsf] ljbf dfuu/]sf]df ;f] ljbf :jLs[t ePsf] 5}g . ljbf:jLs[t gePdf lgudsf] sfddf kmsL{ cfpg'kg]{dfgcfO{ ldlt @)^%.^.& df cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdfk7fPsf] b]lvG5 . ldl;n ;+ng /x]sf] lghsf]/fhLgfdfsf] k|ltaf6 lgh cfˆgf] k]zf / :jf:YonfO{Wofgdf /fvL ljb]zd} s]xL ;do /xL s]xL dlxgfsf]cGt/df :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug]{ lg0f{o d cfkm}n]u/L ck/]zg ljefudf Od]n,km}S;åf/f ljbfsf]nflu k6s k6s lgj]bg k7fPsf] lyPF eGg];d]t pNn]v u/L c:j:y ePsf] sf/0faf6 :jf:yk/LIf0f u/L cf}iflw ;]jg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] ljbfdfu u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . To;/L dfuu/]sf] ljbf :jLs[t gu/L lbPsf] eGg] ;d]tsfsf/0f bzf{O{ ljgf zt{ tTsfn nfu" x'g] u/Lk|aGw lgb]{zs ;dIf plNnlvt ldltdf /fhLgfdflbPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsn] cfkm" cWoogsf]nflu ljbf dfu u/]sf] eGg] lgj]bg n]vsf] ljk/Lt;f] kqjf6 :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] nflu egL ljbfdfu ePsf]df ljbf :jLs[t gePsf] sf/0fn]/fhLgfdf lbPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . ;fy} ldlt@)^%.&.!& sf] lgudsf] kqdf klg oL lgj]bsn]

cui6 @, @))* df lgud ;dIf lj/fdL ljbfdfu u/L kq k7fPsf] eGg] b]lvPaf6 klg lghlj/fdL k/]sf] eGg] cfwf/df ljbf dfu u/]sf]b]lvg cfpF5 .

#= o;/L s'g} sf/0f gb]vfO{ jf lj/fdLePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ljbfsf] dfu u/]sf] b]lvPklgoL lgj]bsn] jf:tjdf ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\;-o"=P=O{_ b'aO{sf] Ps lghL xjfO{ ;]jfdf ;f]xLcjwLdf cyf{t\ !& ck|Ln @))* -ldlt@)^%.!.%_ df RAK Airways df SofK6]g kbdfsfo{/t /x]sf] eGg] ;f] Po/nfOG;sf] kqjf6b]lvG5 . lghn] ;f] cjlw d] !),@))* dfk'gM tLg dlxgfsf] nflu ljbf dfu u/]sf] eGg]klg lgudsf] lnlvt hjfkmaf6 b]lvG5 .o;af6 lgh lgj]bsn] cfk"m sfo{/t /x]sf]g ]kfn jfo'; ]jf lgudnfO{ 9f F6L ljb]zLPo/nfOG;df sfd u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . oLlgj]bsn] klxnf] k6s :jLs[t ljbfsf] cjlwcyf{t\ @)^% a}zfvb]lv g} b'aO{sf] pQm sDkgLdfsfo{/t /x]sf] tYo pQm sDkgLsf] !& ck|Ln@))* sf] kq / g]kfn gful/s p8\8ogk|flws/0fsf] ldlt @)^%.(.@) sf] kqjf6 ;d]tk'li6 ePsf] 5 . o; tYonfO{ lgj]bs :jo+n]v08g gu/]sf] / cfh ;'gjfO{sf] s|ddf klglgj ]bssf tkm {a f6 ax; ug ] { sfg "gJoj;foLx¿af6 klg v08g u/]sf] kfOPg .clkt'M oL lgj]bs b'jO{sf] RAK Airways dfsfd u/] gu/]sf] s'/f ;fGble{s g/x]sf] eGg];Ddlgj]bstkm{sf jl/i7 clwjQmf >L ab|Laxfb'/sfsL{af6 JoQm ul/Psf] ljrf/af6 klg pQmtYosf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

$= pknJw tYox¿af6 oL lgj]bsn]g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud;Fu ljbf dfu ub}{ ljb]zLxjfO{ sDkgLdf sfd u/]sf] k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5Ùh'g cfkm}df u}/sfg"gL sfo{ xf] . ;f]xL cfwf/dfsf/jfxL gul/Psf] eP klg To;sf] nfe oLlgj]bsn] kfpg] xf]Og . o; tYonfO{ k"/} nf]k

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u/L o; cbfntnfO{ klg 9fF6\g] lx;fjn] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfkm"ljBfjfl/lw -Phd_ ug{ ljbf dfu ubf{ ;l~rtljbf x'bfFx'b}F klg ljbf :jLs[t gu/]sf] eGg]k|:t't lgj]bg n]vsf] Joxf]/f ;To b]lvgcfpb}g . lgh kL=Pr=8L= ug{ geO{ g]kfnjfo';]jfdf sfo{/t /xbf/xb} n'ls l5kL ljb]zLsDkgL RAK Airways df sfd u/]sf] b]lvg'cToGt uDeL/ s'/f xf] . Ps} ;fy b'O{ xjfO{sDkgLdf sfd ug{ ldNb}g . To;df klg oLlgj]bs Ps};fy :jb]zL g]kfn Po/nfOG;df /ljb]zsf] RAK Airways df sfd u/]sf] b]lvg'sfg"gljk/Lt dfq geO{ kbLo cfr/0f /g}ltstfljk/Ltsf] sfo{ klg xf] . o;sf ;fy}lghsf] slt ;l~rt ljbf pkef]u ug{ afFsLlyof] eGg] s'/f lgj]bgdf st} pNn]v 5}g . s'gb]zsf] s'g ljZjljBfnoaf6 kL=Pr=8L= ug{uPsf] eGg] st} pNn]v 5}g . o;jf6 lgj]bsn]g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud / o; cbfntnfO{ ;d]t9fF6]/ of] l/6 lgj]bg lbPsf] :ki6 b]lvPsf]5 .cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] vf]hL ug]{n] ;j{k|yd z'4lgot / ;kmf xftn] cbfnt k|j]z ug'{k5{ .t/ o;sf] ljk/Lt oL lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdfem"7f Joxf]/f / unt tYo pNn]v u/]sf]n] oLlgj]bs ;kmf xftn] cbfntdf k|j]z u/]sf]eGg] b]lvg cfPg .

%= h] h:tf] sf/0faf6 eP klg oLlgj]bs cfˆgf] sfo{:yndf / cfkm" sfo{/t g]kfnPo/nfOG;sf] sfddf pkl:yt geO{ k6s–k6sljbf dfu u/]sf] eGg] lghn] k]z u/]sf] /fhLgfdf/ To;sf] hjfkmdf ljkIfL lgudn] lghnfO{k7fPsf] ldlt @)^%.&.!& sf] kqjf6 :ki6 x'gcfpF5 . lgh lgj]bs :jf:Yosf] sf/0faf6sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] eP nfu]sf]/f]usf] k|s[lt / g]kfndf cf}ifwf]krf/sf] pknJwtf;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L dfggjLotfsf] cfwf/dfeP klg ljrf/ ug{ ;lsg] s'/f xf] . t/ c:j:y

ePsf] sf/0faf6 lghn] ljbf dfu u/]sf] eGg]geO{ cWoogsf] nflu ljbf dfu u/]sf] eGg]k|:t't lgj]bg n]vdf pNn]v u/]af6 lgj]bssf]egfO{ :jtM vl08t x'g cfpF5 . jf:tjdf pQmb'O{dWo] b'a} jf s'g} Ps sf/0f k/L oL lgj]bsljbf j;]sf] jf ljbf dfu u/]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og .lghn] !) d], @))* df Od]naf6 dfu u/]sf]ljbfsf] ;DaGwdf b'O{j6f hxfh ;~rfngsf]nflu qm"sf] cefj x'Fbf yk ljbf :jLs[t ug{g;lsg] x'gfn] :jLs[t ljbfkZrft\ sfof{nodfxfhL/ x'g hfgsf/L u/fPsf] eGg] g]kfn jfo';]jflgudsf] ldlt @)^%.&.!& sf kqjf6 b]lvG5 .o;kl5 klg oL lgj]bs cfˆgf] sfddf kms]{sf]gb]lvPaf6 lgh lgudsf] cfˆgf] ;]jfnfO{lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s lg/Gt/tf lbg OR5's /x]sf] eGg]b]lvg cfPg . ljbf s'g} clwsf/sf] s'/f geP/sfof{nosf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{u/L k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] ;'ljwf;Dd xf] eGg] s'/fdfs'g} låljwf 5}g . o; s'/fnfO{ oL lgj]bsn]a'em]s} x'g'k5{ .

^= dfly ljj]rgf ul/Psf] tYoutk[i7e"lddf lgj]bsn] ljbf :jLs[t gePsf] /tna /f]Ssf ug{ nfu]sf] eGg] ;d]t pNn]v u/Lldlt @)^%.^.& df g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud;dIf /fhLgfdf k|:t't u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]/fhLgfdfsf] hjfkmdf ldlt @)^%.&.!& ut]olb lgudsf] ;]jf lg/Gt/tf lbg rfxg' x'G5eg] tkfO{n] lbg'ePsf] /fhLgfdfpk/ k'gla{rf/ug{ / ljbf lgoldt ug]{ ;DaGwdf cljnDjsfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g ;"lrt ul/G5 egLlgudsf] tkm{af6 oL lgj]bsnfO{ kq k7fPsf]b]lvG5 . cljnDa pkl:yt x'g egL k7fOPsf]kqsf] hjfkmdf oL lgj]bs lguddf uPsf]b]lvPg . g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] ljbf :jLs[tgu/L cljnDj jf]nfPsf] b'O{ dlxgfkl5 lghn]cg]s zt{ /fVb} ldlt @)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdflkmtf{ lng OR5f JoQm ub}{ lgudnfO{ d}n] lgudsf]

12661266126612661266


;]jfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf]n] ;f] /fhLgfdfkqnfO{ /2 u/L ljbf lgoldt ug]{ :jLs[lt lbg'x'gcg'/f]w ub{5' egL lgud;dIf ldlt @)^%.(.*df lgj]bg k7fPsf];Dd b]lvg cfpF5 . lgud;dIf cfkm} pkl:yt ePsf] xf]Og . oL lgj]bsn]/fhLgfdf lkmtf{ kfpFm egL lbPsf] plNnlvtldlt @)^%.(.* sf] lgj]bgsf] s/Lj b'O{ dlxgfkl5dfq oL lgj]bs ldlt @)^%.!!.!! df lguddfxfhL/ x'g uPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 .

&= o;/L oL lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^%.^.&df lbPsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t gx'Fbf k'gla{rf/sf]nflu lgudn] lgj]bsnfO{ @)^%.&.!& df kqn]v]kl5 ;f]sf] cfb/ ub}{ cfˆgf] pQm /fhLgfdflkmtf{ lnPsf] jf cfˆgf] sfddf kmsL{ cfPsf]xf ]Og . g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgudsf] ldlt@)^%.&.!& sf] kqnfO{ lgudsf] ;]jfdf /xFb}ljb]zsf] cs}{ Po/nfOG;sf] ;]jfnfO{ klglg/Gt/tf lbg] dfWod;Dd agfPsf] b]lvG5 .cGoyf g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] ;]jfnfO{ dfq:jLsf/ u/L cfˆgf] /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ lng rfx]sf]eP pQm kq k|fKt u/] kl5 tTsfn ldlt@)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ lng] / cfkm"lgudsf] ;]jf ug{ tof/ /x]sf] egL cfkm}lguddf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ lyof] . lgudn] ldlt@)^%.&.!& sf] kqaf6 cljnDj jf]nfPsf] 5 .cljnDasf] cy{ oL lgj]bsn] clglZrtsfn;Ddhlxn];'s} /fhLgfdf lkmtf{ lng jf sfddfkms{g ;Sg] eGg] xf]Og . æcljnDaÆ sf] cy{tTsfn cyf{t\ ef]lnkN6} jf a9Ldf ;ft lbgsf]cjlwnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .

*= oL lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^%.(.* dfs]xL zt{ /fvL ldlt @)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdf /2ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg;Dd lbPsf] cj:yf 5 .;f] lgj]bg;Fu} cfkm" cfˆgf] sfddf xfhL/ geO{ldlt @)^%.!!.!! df dfq pkl:yt eO{ lgj]bglbPsf] kfOG5 . ;f]xL cjlwdf oL lgj]bsn]lgud;Fu n'sfPsf] tYo cyf{t\ lgh o"=P=O{=sf]

RAK Airways df sfd u/]sf] hfgsf/L lgudnfO{k|fKt ePkl5 oL lgj]bsn] k'gM g]kfn jfo';]jflgudsf] ;]jfdf kmls{g] ck]Iff, cj:yf / ;Defjgf;dfKt ePsf]n] lgj]bssf] @)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdfldlt @)^%.!!.( df lgudaf6 :jLs[t ePsf]b]lvG5 . o;/L oL lgj]bsn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdflghn] /2 u/]sf] jf lkmtf{ lnPsf] geO{ u}/sfg"gL9+un] cGoq sfd ub}{ lguddf klg cfˆgf] ;]jfsf]cl:tTjnfO{ hf]ufO{ /fVg bf]xf]/f] cfly{s nfelng] k|of;;Dd u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L 5nsk6k"0f{Jojxf/ ug]{sf] xsdf lgj]bstkm{sf ljåfg sfg"gJoj;folx¿n] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] ef/tLo ;jf]{Rrcbfntsf] ghL/ ToxfF klg nfu" gx'g] / of] l/6lgj]bssf] xsdf cg'gofTds -Persuasive Force_sf] ?kdf klg cfslif{t x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

(= dflysf k|s/0fx¿df ljj]rgful/Psf] tYo / k|df0fsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ oLlgj]bsn] lbPsf] ldlt @)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdflghn] :jR5 lgotn] lkmtf{ lnPsf] jf /2u/]sf] jf ;f] ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .o:tf] cj:yfdf ;f] /fhLgfdf oyfl:yltdf /xL/x]sf]n] h'g;'s} a]nfklg :jLs[t x'g ;Sg] xf] ./fhLgfdf lbPsf] s]xL lglZrt\ cjlwleq/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug'{kg]{ / gu/]df ;f] /fhLgfdfcfkm} cl:tTjxLg x'g] cj:yf 5}g . :jLs[tug'{kg]{ s'g} lglZrt ldltsf] ls6fg jf ;do;Ldfsf] lgwf{/0f ljkIfL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf]sd{rf/L lgodfjnLdf ePsf ] b ] lvb}g .Joj:yfkgsf] OR5fg';f/ hlxn] klg :jLs[tug{ ldNg] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ldlt @)^%.^.& dflbPsf] /fhLgdf ;f]xL ldltaf6} nfu" x'g] u/Lldlt @)^%.!!.( df :jLs[t ul/Psf] sfo{nfO{sfg"gL q'l6k"0f{ jf cgflws[t eGg ldNg] b]lvPg .

!)= cj lgjb]ssf] dfu adf]lhd cfb]zhf/L ug'{kg]{ xf], xf]Og egL ljrf/ ubf{ oLlgj]bsn] ldlt @)^%.^.& df cfˆgf] kbaf6lbPsf] /fhLgfdf ;f]xL ldltb]lv nfu" x'g] u/L

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@)^%.!!.( df :jLs[t eO;s]sf] 5 . ;f]/fhLgfdf clwsf/k|fKt gePsf] JolQmn] :jLs[tu/]sf] eGg] lhsL/ klg 5}g . ;f] /fhLgfdf lkmtf{lnPsf] elgP klg ljlwjt\ lkmtf{ lnPsf] gb]lvPsf]/ lghn] :jR5fn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdf lgudn] g}cljnDa xfhL/ x'g cfPdf k'glj{rf/ x'g ;Sg]egL u/]sf] lgb]{zadf]lhd oL lgj]bs cljnDjxfhL/ x'g guPaf6 /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf]sfo{ sfg"gk|lts"n gePsf] egL klxnf] k|Zgsf]lg/f]k0fsf] ;Gbe{df ;lj:tf/ ljj]rgf ul/;lsPsf]5 .

!!= oL lgj]bsn] ;kmf xft / :jR5lgotn] cbfnt k|j]z gu/sf] eGg] klg dflysf]k|s/0fdf pNn]v ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o;/L 5n5fdu/L jf:tljstf n'sfO{ cfpg] s;}nfO{ klg o;cbfntn] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q k|of]u u/L d2tug{ ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . clwsf/sf] vf]hL ug]{n]cfˆgf] st{Jo lglZrt?kn] k"/f ug'{k5{ . cfˆgf]st{Jo k"/f gug]{n] clwsf/sf] vf]hL ug{ kfpg]klg xf]Og . :jb]zsf] Wjhfjfxs Po/nfOG;sf]:yfoL kfOn6 -SofK6]g_ n] n's]/ ljb]zsf]Po/nfOG;df ;]jf lbg', ToxfF sfd ug'{ lghsf]kbLo cfr/0f / g}ltstf ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ xf] .g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ljlgodfjnL,@)%* sf] klg ljk/Lt xf] . o:tf]u}/sfg"gL sfd ug]{n] ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] df}lnsxssf] k|rngsf] bfjL ug'{ sfg"g / ;dGofonufot s'g} klg dfkb08af6 ts{;+ut /cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvg cfpFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf oLlgj]bssf] bfjL lg/fwf/ / lg/y{s b]lvG5 . o:tf]unt k|j[lQnfO{ Goflos ;+/If0faf6 k|f]T;flxtug{ ldNb}g .

!@= cfˆgf] Jojxf/ / cfr/0faf6 oLlgj]bsn] ljkIfL g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudk|ltlhDd]jf/ / Odfgbf/ /x]sf] eGg] klg b]lvgcfPsf] 5}g . ljBfjfl/lw ug{ lgud;Fu ljbfdfu u/]sf] egL em'7f Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L oL

lgj]bs o; cbfntdf k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ cfk"mv'zL jflx/ uP/ a;]sf]dfq geO{ cg'kl:yt /x]sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf cGoqoL lgj]bsn] ;]jf u/]sf] b]lvPaf6 lgudsf]sfdsf/jfxLdf k|lts"n c;/ k'Ug uPsf] cj:yfklg uDeL/?kdf ljrf/0fLo /x]sf] 5 . o;/Llgudsf] ;f+u7lgs sfdsf/jfxLdf / lgudn]k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfdf ;d]t k|lts"n k|efj kg{ ;Sg]s'/f ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L lgj]bsn] :j]R5fn]lbPsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/Pjf6 oL lgj]bssf]s'g} ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL xslxtdf k|lts"n c;/k/]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] 5}g . oL lgj]bsnfO{lghn] cGoq sfd u/]sf] sf/0f sf/jfxLgul/Psf]n] cGoq sfd u/]sf] s'/f c;fGbl:es5 / /fhLgdf lkmtf{ lnPkl5 :jLs[t ug{ gldNg]eGg] lgj]bstkm{sf ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx¿sf]ax; lhsL/ klg ts{;+ut b]lvg gcfPsf]n];f];Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

!#= t;y{ dfly plNnlvt cfwf/ /sf/0faf6 oL lgj]bsn] g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud;dIflbPsf] ldlt @)^%.^.& sf] /fhLgfdf ;f]xLldltb]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ldlt @)^%.!!.( df:jLs[t ePaf6 oL lgj]bssf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs jfsfg"gL xsdf k|lts"n c;/ gk/]sf]n] ;f] ab/ug]{ u/L lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhd l/6 hf/Lug'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ j'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ;fpg @# ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M r'/fdg v8\sf

&&&&&

12681268126812681268


lg0f{o g+= **&^ lg0f{o g+= **&^ lg0f{o g+= **&^ lg0f{o g+= **&^ lg0f{o g+= **&^

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfn

dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{)^(–WH–))!!

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.%.!#.$ljifo M aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f .

lgj]bsM lhNnf emfkf, tf]kuf5L uf=lj=;= j8fg+= * 3/ eO{ xfn sf/fuf/ sfof{no,huGgfyb]jn sf7df8f}Fdf y'gfdf /x]sf];'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nsf] xsdf bfh' 6Lsf/fdkf}8]n

lj?4ljkIfLM sf/fuf/ sfof{no, huGgfyb]jn, sf7df8f}F

;d]t

§ k|ToIf Pj+ uDeL/ sfg"gL q'l6 u/L y'gfdf/flvPsf ] cj:yfdf k 'g/fj ]bsLoIf]qflwsf/ sfod} 5 egL cbfntsf]c;fwf/0f If]qflwsf/cGtu{t pkrf/k|bfg gul/+bf y'gfdf a:g} gkg]{ cjlw;DdJolQm y'gfdf /lx/xg] / ;fwf/0fpkrf/cGtu{t k'g/fj]bsLo /f]xaf6km};nf x'Fbf;Dd u}/sfg"gL y'gfd} a:g'kg]{e} u}/sfg"gL y'gfaf6 d'Qm ug]{ k|of]hgsf]nflu hf/L ul/g] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f g}k|efjxLg x'g] x'gfn] klg k|ToIftM uDeL/sfg"gL q'l6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf cGoj}slNks pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf eP klgJolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0fsf]nflu c;fwf/0f If]qflwsf/cGtu{tsf]aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 pkrf/k|bfg ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=#_

§ b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] !) g+= / $! g+=sf] sfg"gL Aoj:yfcg';f/ 7uLsf] $ g+=cg';f/ Ps jif{ s}b / gful/stf P]g,@)^# sf] bkmf @!-#_ cg';f/ Ps jif{s}b x'g] eP klg Pp6f sndsf] dfq}Ps jif{ s}b 7]Sg' kg]{df b'j} sndsf]hf]8L b'O{ jif{ s}b Dofb 7]Sg' sfg"gsf]uDeL/ q'l6 dfGg' kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

lgj]bs tkm{af6Mljåfg clwjQmfx¿ nek|;fbd}gfnL / n]vgfy e§/fO{

ljkIfL tkm{af6Mljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bkf]v/]n

cjnlDat ghL/M g]sfk @)$*, lg=g+= $@&@,k[i7 !@$

;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !@-@_, #@, !)&-@_§ d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] dxnsf] !, @ / $ g+=§ gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @!-#_§ b08;hfosf] dxnsf] !) / $! g+=

cfb]zGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ cGtu{t o;cbfntdf btf{ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ o; cbfntsf] cfb]z o;k|sf/ 5 M–

d lgj]bssf] ;xf]b/ efO{ ;'/]Gb|k|;fbkf}8]nnfO{ dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q afnfh' sf7df8f}+n]ldlt @)^&.!).!# df kqmfp u/L lghpk/d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] dxnsf] ! / @ g+= adf]lhdsf]s;"/df $ g+= adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ;fy} gful/stfP]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @!-#_ sf] s;"/df ;f]xL bkmfadf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] dfu bfaL lnO{ 7uL tyfgful/stf sLt]{ d'2fsf] cleof]u kq sf7df8f}+

12691269126912691269

**&^ - 6Lsf/fd kf}8]n lj=sf/fuf/ sfof{no ;d]t

lhNnf cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf]df ldlt @)^(.#.@^df km};nf eof] .

pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf] km};nfsf] 7x/v08df lgh ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nnfO{ d'n'sL P]g,7uLsf] $ g+= adf]lhd ! jif{ s}b / ?=!,!^,**!.–h/Ljfgf tyf gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf@!-#_ adf]lhd ! jif{ s}b / ?=@),))).– h/Ljfgfx'g] 7x/ ePsf] /x]5 .

d]/f] efO{ ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nn] km};nfePsf] ldlt;Dddf !-Ps_ jif{ %-kfFr_ dlxgf!$ -rf}w_ lbg / cfhsf ldlt;Dddf !-Ps_jif{ ^-5_ dlxgf !(-pGgfO{;_ lbg s}b e'Qmfgul/;ssf] 5 . d'n'sL P]g, b08;hfosf] dxnsf]!) g+= df P]gdf k6s jf vt vfKg' eGg]n]lvPsf] afx]s Ps} sfuhsf d'2fdf b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L P]g nufO{ vt k6s vfkL ;hfo ug'{k/]df s}b x'g] snddf h'g P]gsf] 7"nf] ;hfo 5;f]xL P]gn] dfq ;hfo ug'{k5{ . c? P]gsf] vtvfKg' x'Fb}g . h/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo kfpg]df ;a}P]gsf] vt vfkL ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . h/Ljfgfsf] /s}bsf] ;hfo x'g]df b'j} sndsf] 7"nf] ;hfosf]dfq b'j} s'/fsf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ eGg] / ;f]xLdxnsf] $! g+= df Ps} dflg;nfO{ Ps} jf w]/}d'2fsf] w]/} sndsf] s}b 7]Sg' k/]df h'g snddfs}bsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] xb 5 ;f] xb ggf£g] u/LPs} jf w]/} d'2fdf Ps} jf w]/} snddf u/L s}b7]Sg' k5{ eGg] sfg"gL Aoj:yf 5 .

;f] Aoj:yfcg';f/ / km};nfsf] 7x/v08 adf]lhd km};nf ubf{s} ldltdf Ps jif{s}b / h/Ljfgf afkt x'g] ?=!,!^,**!.– -Psnfv ;f]¥x xhf/ cf7 ;o Psf;L ?k}of_ dfPs jif{ eGbf a9L s}b a;]sf] cjlw afktsf]/sd 36fO{ x'g cfpg] /sd h/Ljfgfafktlt/]/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg kq bfo/u/L s}b d'Qm x'g kfpg' kg]{ lyof] . ;f]xLsf/0fn] d lgj]bsn] ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfnt,tx;Ln zfvf / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gdf

uO{ pQm km};nf b]vfO{ a'‰bf km};nfsf] tk;Lnv08df d'n'sL P]g, b08;hfosf] !) g+= / $!g+= sf] ljk/Lt k|ltjfbL ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]n /;'l:dtf r]Dhf]ËnfO{ hgxL @-b'O{_ jif{ s}b /?=!,#^,**!.– -Ps nfv 5QL; xhf/ cf7;o Psf;L ?k}of_ h/Ljfgf x'g] Joxf]/f pNn]vul/Psf] sf/0f pQm Joxf]/f ;+zf]wg gx'Fbf;Dd-@_ b'O{ jif{ s}bsf] nut tf]lsg], b'O{ jif{ g} s}be'Qmfg gx'Fbf;Dd h/Ljfgf lt/]/ jf w/f}6L jfh]yf hdfgt /fv]/ ;d]t 5"6 k"hL{ agfpggldNg] eGg] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]n] 7x/ v08 /k|rlnt sfg"gsf] ljk/Lt tk;Ln v08df k/]sf]Joxf]/f ;Rofpg sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntdfkm};nf ;+zf]wgsf] nflu lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]dfkm};nfsf] 7x/ v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhdtk;Ln v08df plNnlvt Joxf]/f ldn]s} b]lvFbflgj]bssf] lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd km};nf ;+zf]wgul//xg k/]g eGg] cfb]z ldlt @)^(.$.@$df eof] .

o;/L d lgj]bssf] ;xf ]b/ efO{;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gL Aoj:yfadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] h/Ljfgf afktsf] /sd a'emfO{jf k'g/fj]bg u/L gub w/f}6L jf h]yf hdfgt/fv] km};nfkZrft\ tTsfn} s}b d'Qm u/fpgvf]h]sf]df tk;Ln v08sf] pQm Joxf]/fsf] sf/0fb'O{ jif{ s}b e'Qmfg geO{ lgh s}bd'Qm x'ggkfpg] eO{ u}/sfg"gL ?kdf y'gfdf /xL /xg'kg]{ cj:yf eof] . k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdsf]h/Ljfgf lt/] jf k'g/fj]bg u/L h/Ljfgfafktw/f}6 jf h]yf hdfgt /fVbf s}b d'Qm x'g] ePh'g;'s} avt jf o;} ;DdfgLt cbfntdfg}klg h/Ljfgfafktsf] w/f}6 jf h]yf hdfgt/fVg a'emfpg tof/ 5f}+ .

pko'{Qm adf]lhd sf7df8f} + lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^(.#.@^ sf] km};nfsf]tk;Ln v08df plNnlvt k|ltjfbL ;'/]Gb|k|;fbkf}8]n / ;'l:dtf r]Dhf]ËnfO{ hgxL @-b'O{_ aif{

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s}b / ?=!,#^,**!.– -Ps nfv 5QL; xhf/cf7 ;o Psf;L ?k}of_ h/Ljfgf x'g] eGg];d]tsf] u}/sfg"gL Joxf]/f / ;f] Joxf]/fnfO{;+zf]wg ul//xg k/]g eGg] ;d]tsf] @)^(.$.@$sf] u}/sfg"gL cfb]zn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@, !#/ @$ ;d]tn] k|bfg u/]sf] df}lns xs tyfd'n'sL P]g, b08;hfosf] !) / $! g+= ;d]tn]k|bfg u/]sf] sfg"gL xssf] pNn+3g ePsf] x'Fbfpk/f]Qm cg';f/ u}/sfg"gL km};nf Joxf]/f /cfb]znfO{ ;RofO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd gub}h/Ljfgf jf w/f}6 jf h]yf hdfgt lnO{ lgh;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nfnfO{ cljnDa y'gfaf6 d'Qmug'{ u/fpg' egL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_;d ]t adf ] lhd ljkIf Lx¿sf gfddfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0f nufotsf cGo pko'Qm hf]rflxg] cf1f cfb]z k"hL{ hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L aGbLnfO{ y'gfaf6lsg d'Qm ug{' gkg]{ xf] < y'gfaf6 d'Qm ug'{ gkg]{sf/0f eP of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] #lbgleq ;DalGwt @)^& ;=kmf}=g+= !&#) sf]7uL tyf gful/stf ck/fw;DaGwL d'2fsf] ldl;n;fy /fvL dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no dfkm{t\lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egL l/6 lgj]bgsf]Psk|lt gSsn ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf;"rgf k7fO{ ;f]sf] af]wfy{ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nodf k7fO{ lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^(.%.!sf] cfb]z .

ljkIfLsf] lgj]bg dfu bfjLadf]lhdaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g kg]{ xf]Og .lgj]bs ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nn] hfx]/jfnL dg;/fa'9fsf] gfdsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] em"7fk|df0fkq agfO{ 7uL u/]sf] s'/f k|:t't 7uLtyf gful/stf sLt]{ d'2fdf :yflkt eO{ ldlt@)^(.#.@^ df lgh ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nnfO{

@-b'O{_ jif{ s}b / ?=!,#^,**!.– h/Ljfgf x'g]7x/L sfg"gadf]lhd g} o; cbfntaf6 km};nfePsf] xf ] . ;f] km };nfpk/ lrQ ga'em ]sfg"gadf]lhd lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ k'g/fj]bgug{ kfpg] clwsf/ /x] ePs} kfOG5 . a}slNkspkrf/ x'Fbf x'Fb} l/6 If]qflwsf/ cfslif{t x'g]klg xf]Og . km};nfsf] tk;Ln v08 ;d]t/fo 7x/cg';f/ g} n]lvPsf] x'Fbf ljkIfLn]p7fPsf] d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] !) g+= /$! g+= k|lts"n x'g] u/L s}b tf]lsPsf] gx'Fbf;f] bfjL ;d]t em"7f tyf skf]nslNkt /x]sf]5 . lgh k|ltjfbL ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nnfO{km};nfadf]lhd 7x/]sf] s}b / h/Ljfgf g} o;cbfntsf] tx;Ln zfvfsf] n=g=!)@)$ ldlt@)^(.$.@^ df nut s;L sf/fuf/ sfof{no;d]tdf hfgsf/L k7fOPsf] x'Fbf ;a} sfo{sfg"gcg';f/ g} ePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g ;fb/ cg'/f]w 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfnt / P]= sf] tx;Lnzfvfsf] ;+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] r=g+= #^$%kmf}=g+= !&#) ldlt @)^&.!!.(.@ df 7uL tyfgful/stf sLt]{ d'2fdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf/fVg k7fPsf] kq cg';f/ ;'/]Gb|k|;fb kf}8]nnfO{ldlt @)^&.!!.( b]vL o; sfof{nodf y'gfdf/flvPsf] 5 . sf/fuf/ P]g, @)!( -;+zf]wg;lxt_ sf] bkmf $ adf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt lgsfotyf clwsf/Laf6 y'gfdf /fVg] cfb]z adf]lhdy'gfdf /flvPsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] sf/fuf/ sfof{no,huGgfyb]jnsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >Lnek|;fb d}gfnL / >L n]vgfy e§/fO{n]lgj]bsnfO{ 7uL / gful/stf sLt]{ u/]sf]eGg] cleof]udf Pp6f d'2f rnfPsf] / km};nf

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x'Fbf b'j} cleof]udf Ps–Ps jif{ s}b x'g] 7x/u/L b'O{ jif{ s}b 7]Sg] egL km};nfsf] tk;Lnv08df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ j6f cleof]usf]s}b vfkL ;hfo tf]Sg' b08 ;hfosf] !) /$! g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfljk/Lt 5 . k|ToIftMsfg"gsf] pNn3g u/L j}olQms :jtGqtfsf]ckx/0f ePsf] 5 . of] Issue k'g/fj]bg;Fu;DalGwt 5}g, :jtGqtf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .o:tf] l:yltdf k'g/fj]bsLo If]qflwsf/ tyfk'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb afFsL /x]sf] jf g/x]sf]eGg] s'/fn] cy{ /fVb}g . aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfLtkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >Lljgf]b kf]v/]nn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 hf/Lx'g y'gf u}/sfg"gL x'g'k5{ . Conditional ?kdfof] cfb]z hf/L x'Fb}g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfh/Ljfgf w/f}6 /fVg] nufotsf Condition 5g\ .oxfF b08 ;hfosf] #* g+= klg cfslif{tx ' G5 . tTsfn } lgj ]bsn ] eg ] h:tf ]aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] cj:yf5}g . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{ egL ax;ug'{eof] .

b'a} tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foLx¿sf] ax; ;'gL lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{b]xfosf k|Zgx¿sf] lg?k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvg cfof]M

-s_ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f/ ;hfo;DaGwdf k'g/fj]bsLo If]qflwsf/ ePklg aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6sf] dfWodaf6x]g{ ldN5 ldNb}g <

-v_ lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og <

l/6 lgj]bg x]bf{ lgj]bsnfO{ d'n'sLP]g, 7uLsf] dxnsf] !, @ / $ g+= tyfgful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @!-#_ adf]lhdsf]cleof]u bfjL ePsf]df 7uLsf] s;"/df Ps jif{

s}b / ?=!,!^,**!.– h/Ljfgf tyf gful/stfsLt]{tkm{ yk Ps jif{ s}b / ?=@),))).–h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x/ u/L pQm km};nfsf] tk;Lnv08df b'a} s;"/sf] s}b hf]8L b'O{ jif{ s}bDofb 7]Sg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ul/Psf]df b08;hfosf] !) / $! g+= cg';f/ Ps jif{ dfq}s}b 7]Sg' kg]{df ;f] P]gsf] Joj:yf ljk/Lt x'g]u/L s}b Dofb 7]sL Ps jif{ s}b e'Qmfg e};s]kl5klg y'gfdf /fv]sf] x'Fbf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] d'Vo l/6 lgj]bg bfjLb]lvG5 .

tT;DaGwdf x]bf{ lgj]bs ;'/]Gb|k|;fbkf}8]nnfO{ k|ltjfbL agfO{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^& ;fnsf];=kmf}=g+= !&#) sf] 7uL tyf gful/stf sLt]{d'2fdf lgh dfly d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] dxnsf]!, @ / $ g+= Pj+ gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf]bkmf @! -#_ cGtu{tsf] cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdlgj]bsnfO{ 7uLsf] $ g+= cg';f/ Ps jif{ s}b/ gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @!-#_ adf]lhdyk s}b egL Ps jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] egL ldlt@)^(.#.@^ df km};nf ePsf] / ;f] km};nfsf]tk;Ln v08df ;f] cg';f/ b'O{ jif{ s}b x'g]egL n]lvPsf] kfOof] .

pQm ldlt @)^(.#.@^ sf] km};nf ;+zf]wgul/kfpFm egL oL lgj]bsn] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntdf lbPsf] lgj]bgdf km};nfsf] 7x/ v08dfpNn]v ePadf]lhd tk;Ln v08df plNnlvtJoxf]/f ldn]sf] b]lvFbf km};nf ;+zf]wg ul//xg'k/]g egL sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^(.$.@$ df cfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 .

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nf ;+zf]wg ug{ gldNg] eGg] cfb]z ePkZrft\d'n'sL P]g, b08;hfosf] dxnsf] !) g+= tyf$! g+= sf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L s}b jif{ b'O{ x'g] egLu/]sf]df km};nf q'l6k"0f{ e} ;f] q'l6k"0f{ km};nfsfcfwf/df s}bdf /fv]sf] egL aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]

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cfb]zsf] dfu u/L k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg k/]sf]b]lvof] .

@= klxnf] k|Zg cyf{t\ km};nfcg';f/tf ] lsPsf ] s }bsf ] ;hfosf ] ;DaGwdfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6sf] dfWodaf6 x]g{ ldNg]gldNg] s] /x]5 eGg] ;Gb{edf ljrf/ ubf{j}olQms :jtGqtfnfO{ df}lns xssf] ?kdfpNn]v u/L g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f !@-@_ n] sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g}klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] ckx/0fgul/g] s'/fsf ] Uof/ ]G6L u/]sf ] kfOG5 .To;sf/0f s'g} JolQmsf] j}]]olQms :jtGqtfsf]ckx/0f sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s x'g g;Sg] /sfg"g eGbf afx]s u/L s;}sf] JolQmut:jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ dfpkrf/sf] xs egL Aoj:yf e} wf/f !)&-@_df æo; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf]k|rngsf] nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yfgePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg b]lvPsf]cGo s'g} sfg"gL xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gLk|Zgsf] lg¿k0fsf] nflu cfjZos / pko'Qmcfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf] xssf] k|rng u/fpg]jf ljjfb 6'Ëf] nufpg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf]nflu k"0f{ ¿kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/k|bfg ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f,k/dfb]z, pTk| ]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5fnufot h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5egL :ki6 pNn]v ePsf]n] ;f] k|of]hgsf] nfluk"0f{ ?kdf Gofo ug{ / pkrf/ lbg ;jf]{Rrcbfntn] cfkm\gf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q k|of]uug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;sf/0f lgj]bsnfO{ u}/sfg"gL?kdf jf k|ToIf b]lvg] u/L sfg"gsf] unt

k|of]u u/L s}bdf /flvPsf] cyf{t\ lghsf]j}olQms :jtGqtf sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s x'g]u/L ckx/0f ePsf] 5 eg] lgj]bsnfO{ o;cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q u'xfg{ cfpg]clwsf/ x'G5 / o; cbfntn] klg pkrf/lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf b'Odt x'g ;Sb}g .

#= ctPjM k|ToIf Pj+ uDeL/ sfg"gLq'l6 u/L y'gfdf /flvPsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bsLoIf]qflwsf/ sfod} 5 egL cbfntsf] c;fwf/0fIf]qflwsf/cGtu{t pkrf/ k|bfg gul/+bf y'gfdfa:g} gkg]{ cjlw;Dd JolQm y'gfdf /xL /xg] /;fwf/0f pkrf/ cGtu{t k'g/fj]bsLo /f]xaf6km};nf x'Fbf;Dd u}/sfg"gL y'gfd} a:g'kg]{e}u}/sfg"gL y'gfaf6 d'Qm ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nfluhf/L ul/g] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f g} k|efjxLg x'g]x'gfn] klg k|ToIftM uDeL/ sfg"gL q'l6 b]lvPsf]cj:yfdf cGo j}slNks pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf ePklg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0fsf]nflu c;fwf/0f If ]qflwsf/ cGtu{tsf ]aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 pkrf/ k|bfg ug'{k5{ .

d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] !)g+= x]bf{ P]gdf k6s jf vt vfKg' eGg] n]lvPsf]afx]s Ps} sfuhsf d'2fdf b'O{ jf ;f] eGbfa9L P]g nufO{ vt k6s vfkL ;hfo ug'{k/]df s}b x'g] snddf h'g P]gsf] 7"nf] ;hfo5 ;f]xL P]gn] dfq ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . c? P]gsf]vt vfKg' x'Fb}g . h/Ljfgfsf] ;hfo kfpg]df;a} P]gsf] vt vfkL ;hfo ug'{ k5{ . h/Ljfgfsf]/ s}bsf] ;hfo x'g]df b'j} sndsf] 7"nf] ;hfosf]dfq b'j} s'/fsf] ;hfo ug'{ k5{ eGg] pNn]vePsf] kfOG5 .

To:t} b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] $! g+=cWoog ubf{ Ps} dflg;nfO{ Ps} jf w]/} d'2fsf] w]/}sndsf] s}b 7]Sg' k/]df h'g snddf s}b ;hfo;aeGbf 7"nf] 5 ;f] xb ggf£g] u/L Ps} jf w]/}d'2fdf Ps} jf w]/} snddf u/L s}b 7]Sg' k5{ . w]/}

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sndsf] s}bsf] xb a/fa/ x'g cfof] eg] ;f] dWo]Ps sndsf] s}b 7]Sg' k5{ . c? sndsf xsdfkm};nf, s}bL k'hL{, s}b 7]Sg] lstfadf ;Dd v'nfpg'k5{ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .

$= pko'{Qm sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ oLlgj]bsnfO{ 7uL / gful/stf sLt]{ u/L b'O{ j6fs;"/sf] cleof]u nufO{ d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 b'a}cleof]udf Ps–Ps jif{ s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] 7x/u/L km};nf eP klg b'O{j6} s;"/ / cleof]usf]Pp6} d'2f eP kl5 pQm km};nfsf] tk;Lnv08df sfg"gL k|fjwfg;lxtsf] :ki6 Joxf]/fpNn]v u/L pko'{Qm sfg"gL Aoj:yfcg';f/ s}b7]Sg' kg]{df b'O{j6} s;"/sf] b'a} sndsf] s}bhf]8L b'O{ jif{ 7]sL s}bdf /fv]sf] b]lvg cfof] .

%= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf ;Gbe{df x]bf{b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] !) g+= / $! g+= sf] sfg"gLAoj:yf cg';f/ 7uLsf] $ g+= cg';f/ Ps jif{ s}b/ gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @!-#_ cg';f/Ps jif{ s}b x'g] eP klg Pp6f sndsf] dfq} Psjif{ s}b 7]Sg' kg]{df b'j} sndsf] hf]8L b'O{ jif{ s}bDofb 7]Sg' sfg"gsf] uDeL/ q'l6 dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 .o:tf] l:yltdf ;f] km};nfpk/ k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]cj:yf afFsL /x]s} eP klg u}/sfg"gL ?kn] s}bsf];hfo tf]sL x'g} g;Sg] a9L cjlw s}bdf /fVg]sfo{ u}/sfg"gL ePsf] s'/f k|f/lDes ?kn] g} :ki6(Prima facie clear) ePsf] ;Gbe{df s'g} JolQmsf]:jtGqtfsf] xs h:tf] g};lu{s df}lns xssf];DaGwdf cbfnt df}g a:g] s'/f x'g ;Sb+g .o:t} ;Gbe{df o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbtl;4fGtx¿ x]bf{æPs} dflg;nfO{ Ps eGbf a9Ld'2fdf s}bsf] Dofb 7]Sg' kg]{ eof] eg] h'g snddf7"nf] xb 5 ;f]xL xb gk'u];Dd s}b ug'{ kg]{, c?s}bsf] ;hfo ufleg hfg] / w]/} sndsf] s}ba/fa/ x'g cfPdf s'g} Ps sndsf] s}b ug'{ kg]{Æ-e'nf;bf d';x/ lj= ljWj+;fTds ck/fw ;DaGwLcbfnt sf7df8f}+;d]t_ egL g]sfk @)$*, lg=g+=$@&@, k[i7 !@$ df pNn]v e} ghL/sf] ?kdf

/x]sf] kfOPsf] l:yltdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntn]dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/sf] 7uLsf] cleof]udf7uLsf] $ g+= cg';f/ Ps jif{ s}b x'g] 7x/u/]kl5 ;f]xL d'2fdf gful/stf sLt]{ u/]sf] eGg]cleof]udf yk Psjif{ s}b ug]{ egL 7x/ km};nfu/]klg b08 ;hfosf] !) / $! g+= sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ Pp6f sndsf] dfq s}b Dofb7]Sg' kg]{df tk;Ln v08df b'j} cleof]usf] ;hfovfkL b'O{ jif{ s}b ug]{ egL pNn]v u/]sf] sfo{ o;cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt l;4fGt tyf d'n'sL P]g,b08;hfosf] dxnsf] !) / $! g+= ljk/Lt eO{pQm km};nf df Absolute error of Law b]lvg cfPsf]5 .

^= ca dfu adf]lhd aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf x]bf{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ cg';f/ ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf]k|rngsf] nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf]jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf cfjZos/ pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf] xssf] k|rngu/fpg] jf ljjfbsf] 6'+uf] nufpg] c;fwf/0fclwsf/ o; cbfntnfO{ ePsf] / ;f] k|of]hgsf]nflu k"0f{?kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/ k|bfgug{ o; cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fnufotsfh'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf/x]sf] kfOG5 . pQm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfcg';f/k|:t't aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] lgj]bgsf dfWodaf6pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf ljjfb/x]g .

&= ctPjM o;df sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^(.#.@^ df ;=kmf}=g+= !&#)sf] 7uL tyf gful/stf sLt]{ d'2fdf k|ltjfbL/x]sf] lgj]bsnfO{ 7uLsf] $ g+= cg';f/ ! jif{s}b u/L gful/stf sLt]{ ;DaGwdf ;d]t ;f]xLd'2fdf g]kfn gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf@!-#_ adf]lhd yk Ps jif{ s}b ug]{ egL

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km};nfsf] 7x/ v08df ePsf] pNn]v Pjd\;f]xLcg';f/ tk;Ln v08df @ jif{ s}b x'g]egL plNnlvt ePsf] k|ToIf ?kn] (Prima–

facie) d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] !) g+= Pjd\$! g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfljk/Lt /x]sf]] / ;f]km};nfdf k|ToIf sfg"gL q'l6 (Absolute error of

law_ ePsf] b]lvof] . lgj]bsnfO{ b'a} s;"/afktePsf] s}bsf] ;hfo cnu–cnu e'Qmfg ug{kg]{ geO{ Ps} k6s e'Qmfg x'g] cyf{t\ Psjif{df dfq e'Qmfg x'g] :ki6 b]lvPsf]n] Pjd\;f] cg';f/ x'g] s}bsf] ;hfo lgj]bsn] e'Qmfgul/;s]sf] ;d]tn] lghnfO{ of] eGbf a9L s}be'Qmfg ug'{kg]{ gx'Fbf s}bsf] ;hfo afkt lghy'gfdf a;L /xg' kg]{ b]lvPg . t;y{ pQmkm};nfcg';f/ x'g] 7x/ ePsf] ?=!,#^,**!.–h/Ljfgf lghn] km};nfcg';f/ gub} e'Qmfgu/]df lgh y'gf d'Qm x'g] u/L aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fhf/L x'g'sf] ;fy} lghn] k'g/fj]bg ug{ rfx]sf]cj:yfdf sfg"gadf]lhd gub jf hdfgt lbO{k'g/fj]bg u/]df sfg"gadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/fu/L lghsf] k'g/fj]bg ;d]t btf{ ug'{ u/fpg'egL lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ cg';f/aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f Pjd\ dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/sf]pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L lbOPsf] 5 . k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=k|f=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} !# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M Clif/fd cfrfo{

lg0f{o g+= **&& lg0f{o g+= **&& lg0f{o g+= **&& lg0f{o g+= **&& lg0f{o g+= **&&

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

dfggLo Gofofwlz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofo)^*-WO-)!$@

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.%.!*.@

ljifoM— pTk|]if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM dxf]Q/L lhNnf, g}GxL uf=lj=;=j8f g+=$ 3/ eO{ c~rn ;z:q k|x/L u'NdafudtLdf k|x/L hjfg kbdf sfo{/t/x]sf avt k|x/L ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsfd[To'~ho/fh kf08]o

lj?4ljkIfLM dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{no, x]6f}+8f, dsjfgk'/

;d]t

§ s;}af6 s'g} s;"/ ePs} cj:yfdf klgsfg"gn] clVtof/L lbPsf] clwsf/L jflgsfon] dfq s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/L ;hfoug{ ;Sb5 . sfg"gåf/f clVtof/ k|fKtgu/]sf] JolQm jf lgsfon] gf]s/Laf6x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]nfO{ ljlwjt\ 5 egLeGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_§ clwsf/If]qsf] cefjsf] sf/0f pTk|]if0fsf]

cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] l:yltdf To:tf]cglws[t JolQmn] lg0f{odf ldlt pNn]vu¥of] u/]g, k|ltjfbsf] df}sf lbof] lbPg/ To:tf] df}sf lbg'kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg]ofjt sfo{ljlwut k|Zgtkm{ k|j]zul//xg' gkg]{ .

§ Gofo lg/f ]k0f ug ] { l;nl;nfdfGofo;Dkfbgs} k|of]hgsf nflu lajfbdf

&&&&&

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**&& - d[To'~ho/fh kf08]o lj=dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}8f ;d]t

p7]sf lnvt b:tfj]h, tYout k|Zg /sfg"gL k|Zgsf] ljZn]if0f ul/G5 .Gofo;Dkfbgsf] k|of]hgfy{ hlt ljZn]if0f/ JofVof ug'{kg]{ x'G5 Toltd} Gofo;Dkfbgug]{ sfo{ :jod+\ lgolGqt x'g'kb{5 .cfjZostf eGbf j9L ;a} ljifodfljZn]if0f ug'{ jfG5gLo gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåo x/L pk|]tL/ hUugfy dxtf] l;+x

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf s[i0fhLjLl3ld/]

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ k|x/L P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf (-#_§ k|x/L lgodjnL, @)$( sf] lgod (#

sf] b]xfo -!_ b]lv -!!_,

cfb]zGof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)& -@_ adf]lhdo; cbfntdf kg{ cfPsf ] k |:t 't l/6lgj]bg;lxtsf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx¿sf] ;+lIfKttYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M—

d lgj]bs ldlt @)^#.$.@! df g]kfnk|x/L hjfg kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm kfO{ ;]jfk|j]z u/]b]lv /fi6« / hgtfsf] ;]jf lg/Gt/ub} { cfkm \gf ] ljefuLo cfb]z Pj+ gLltlgb]{zgcg'¿k lhDd]jf/L k"/f ub}{ cfPsf] lyPF .o;} aLrdf d]/f] a[4 xh'/cfdf l;ls:t lj/fdLePsf ] vj/ 6 ] lnkmf ]gaf6 ; ' Gbf ldlt@)^%.!!.#) df d lgj]bs tTsfn} @.# lbg]sf]cfp6 Sof=lj=ljbf dfu u/L glbPsf]n] ckem{63/tkm{ lx8\g] kl/l:ylt cfO{k/]sf]n] 3/dfcfPsf] lyPF . 3/df cfpg] ljlQs} xh'/cfdfl;ls:t lj/fdL ePsf]n] pkrf/sf] lglDt

8fS6/nfO{ lng' hfg' k/]sf]n] ;f]xL qmddfaf6f]df ldlt @)^%.!@.@ ut] df]6/;fOsnb'3{6gf eO{ d]/f] bfofF v'§f -3'F8fsf] hf]gL{_efFlrPsf]n] hgsk'/ c~rn c:ktfnsf ;h{/Lljefu -xf8 hf ]gL { , g;f /f ]u ljz]if1_8f=cgLns'df/ 7fs'/sf ] hgsk'/ l:ytlSnlgsdf pkrf/ u/fpFbf a]8/]i6df a:g;Nnfx lbPsf]n] ldlt @)^%.!@.@ ut]b]lvldlt @)^^.#.@ ;Dd pkrf/df g} lyP .pkrf/af6 3/ kmsL{ cfpFbf dnfO{ gf]s/Laf6x6fOPsf ] ; "rgf d ]/f ] 3/df cfdfnfO {@)^^.@.@) df a'emfPsf] kq x]bf{ c~rn;z:q k |x/L u 'Nd afudtL b/jGbLsfk|=h=d[To'~ho/fh kf08]o ldlt @)^%.!!.#)ut]b]lv s;}nfO{ g;f]wL cfkm"v'zL u}/xfhL//x]sf]n] k|x/L 6f]nL vl6 uO{ vf]h tnf; ubf{km]nf gk/]sf]n] c=j+= !!) g+= adf]lhdsf]Dofb ;"rgf 6fF; u/L ;f]sf] /Ltk"j{ssf] d'r'Nsfk|=rf}= g}GxLsf] r=g+= &# ldlt @)^%.!@.!@sf] kq ;fy k7fO;s]sf] egL lh=k|=sfof{nodxf]Q/Lsf] l;=g+= #&# sf] ;~rf/ k|fKt x'Fbf;DdxfhL/ x'g gcfO{ lbg ^# u}/sfg"gL /x]sf]b]lvPsf]n] k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod*(-@_-u_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/LP]=lgodfjnLsf] lgod (#-@_-v_ n] *$ sf]b]xfo -5_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf]nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fO{lbg] egL o; sfof{noaf6 lg0f{o ul/Psf] x'Fbfclen]vdf cfjZos Joxf]/f hgfO{ lbg x'glg0f{o krf{ ;d]t k7fPsf] eGg] dWoIf]q k|x/Lsfof{no, x]6f}8fsf k|x/L pk/LIfssf] ldlt@)^^.!.#! sf] x:tfIfl/t kq / lg0f{o ldltpNn]v g} gePsf] lg0f{o krf{af6 ;]jf lgj[Qx'g k'u]sf] x'F . o;/L ;]jf x6fpg] pk/ d}n]Dofbleq} dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L gfojdxflg/LIfs;dIf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] / ;f]k'g/fj]bgpk/ ;'g'jfO{ x' Fbf k|x/L gfoj

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dxflg/LIfsaf6 k'g/fj]bssf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ eGg] ldlt @)^*.#.!% dflg0f {o ePsf] eGg] Joxf ]/fsf ] kq ldlt@)^*.$.& df k|fKt eO{ x]bf{ yfxf hfgsf/Lx'g cfPsf]n] ;fx|| } cGofodf k/L Goflospkrf/sf] lgldQ ;DdfgLt cbfnt ;dIfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .ctM ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ adf]lhdc;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/L ljkIfLx¿af6eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] lgldQ cof]Uog7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o / ldlt@)^^.!.#! sf] kq tyf d lgj]bssf] k'g/fj]bgpk/ ldlt @)^*.#.!% df ePsf] k'g/fj]bgvf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{oadf]lhdsf] ldlt@)^*.#.!% sf] kqnufot dnfO{ k|lts"nc;/ kfg]{ ljkIfLx¿sf] ofjt\ sfd s/jfxL /lg0f{onfO{ pTk| ]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/Llgj]bsnfO{ k"j{jt ?kdf ;]jfdf axfn u/fO{;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] ldlt b]lv k'g/\jxfnL ePsf]ldltsf] aLrsf] cjlwsf] tna eQfnufotcGo ;' ljwf ;d]t lbg ' lbnfpg' eGg ]k/dfb]znufot hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cfb]zhf/L u/L Gofo kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s!% lbgleq ;DalGwt ldl;n;fy /fvLdxfGoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkmk7fpg' egL l/6 lgj]bgsf] Ps k|lt gSsn ;fy}/fvL ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ To;sf] af]wfy{dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodf k7fO{ lbg" . lnlvthjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodadf]lhdk]z ug'{ . ;fy} lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fOPsf]sf/jfxL ;DaGwL ;Ssn kmfon k]zLsf lbgdxfGoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ lemsfpg' eGg]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.$.#@ sf] cfb]z .

xh'/cfdfsf] pkrf/sf] nflu 3/uPkZrft\ lj/fdLnfO{ lrlsT;s;dIf pkrf/sf]nflu n}hfg' kg]{df cfkm" dfq} 3'Dg] lgotn]lx8L df]6/;fOsn b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] b]lvPsf] /b'3{6gfdf g} k/]sf] eP tTsfn k|fyldspkrf/kZrft\ glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf jfcfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{nodf hfgsf/Lu/fOPsf] s'g} k|df0fx¿ ;+nUg gx'g'sf ;fy}Toltsf nfdf] ;do;Dd pkrf/df /xg kg]{eP g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg c:ktfnx'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;f]tkm{ pkrf/ u/fpg ghfg' /;fwf/0ftofM ;/sf/L hgsk'/ c:ktfn ;d]tdfguO{ Ps hgf lrlsT;s /x]sf] d]l8l;g ;]06/dfpkrf/ u/fPaf6 g} lgj]bs dgf]dfgL 9+un]cfkm"v'zL u}/xfhL/ /x]sf] k|i6 b]lvPsf] x'Fbfklxnf] z'? lg0f{o / ;f]xL lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug]{u/L ePsf] lg0f{o ;d]t lgod ;Ddt g} ePsf]x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg sfg"g;Ddt b]lvb}g . lghn]o; sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)^^.)!.#! ut] ePsf]lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'emL P]gsf] Dofb leq} ldlt@)^^.)#.!^ ut] k'g/fj]bg btf {kZrft\k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L ;dIf cfkm" cGofodfk/]sf] ;DaGwdf k|df0f ;lxt :jod\ pkl:ytgx'g'sf ;fy} s'g} klg dfWodaf6 ;Dks{ gu/L;Dks{ljxLg /xL cfkm\gf] k]zfk|lt pbf;Lg ePsf]:ki6 g} b]lvPsf]n] JolQmut :jfy{sf] nflu;DdfgLt cbfnt ;d]tnfO{ e|d l;h{gf x'g]vfnsf sfNklgs s'/fx¿ k|:t't u/L pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z nufot hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cfb]zhf/L u/L k"0f{ GofokfpFm egL k]z u/]sf] pQmlgj]bgdf plNnlvt Joxf]/fx¿ tYolxg ePsf]n]o; sfof{nosf k|x/L pk/LIfsnufot o;sfof{no tyf o; sfof{nosf k|d'v ;d]tnfO{ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] lgj]bg kq vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}+8f, P]=sf gfojk|x/L dxflg/LIfs / k|x/L pk/LIfs ;d]tsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

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xh'/cfdfsf] pkrf/sf] nflu 8fS6/nfO{lng hfg' k/]sf]n] ldlt @)^%.!@.)@ ut] af6f]dfdf]6/;fOsn b'3{6gf k/]sf]n] bfFof v'§f -3'F8fsf]hf]gL{_ efFlrPsf]n] hgsk'/ c~rn c:ktfndfpkrf/ u/L a;] / d c=;=;=k|=u'Nd kgf}tLsfe|]df sfo{/t /xFbf dnfO{ c~rn k|x/Lsfof {no afudtLsf k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]df pQmsfof{nosf] k|x/L pk/LIfsn] gf]s/Laf6 gx6fO{dWoIf]qLo k|x/L sfof{no x]6f} +8fsf] k|x/Lpk/LIfsn] gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]n]clwsf/If]q eGbf aflx/sf] lgsfo Pj+ clwsf/Ln]lg0f{o u/]sf] lhsL/ u/]sf] ;Gbe{df ljkIfL l/6lgj]bs ldlt @)^%.!!.#) ut]af6 sf]xL s;}nfO{g;f]wL cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{no c=;=k|=u'NdafudtLaf6 efuL uPsf] / c=;=;=k|=u'NdafudtLaf6 :yfoL 3/ jtg lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{no dxf]Q/Ldf vf]htnf;sf] nflu kqfrf/u/L pQm sfof{nocGtu{t k|x/L rf}sL g}GgLaf6lghsf] ;DalGwt :yfoL jtg g}gxL uf=lj=;=$df k|x/L clws[t;lxtsf] 8f]/ v6L uO{vf]htnf; ubf{ ;d]t km]nf gk/]sf]n] d'n'sLP]g, c=j+=!!) g+=adf]lhdsf] Dofb ;"rgf ljkIfLl/6 lgj]bssf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf 6fF; u/L d'r'Nsfk|fKt eO{ ;Sbf ;d]t ;Dks{df gcfO{ ;DalGwtsfof{nodf ;d]t xfhL/ x'g guO{ cfkm"v'zLeflu uO{ dgfl;j sf/0f geO{ jf ljbf glnO{nfdf] ;do;Dd sfof{nodf u}/xfhL/ /xg] sfo{u/]sf] x'Fbf lghaf6 ;+u7gdf sfdsfh lngafwf kg]{ / cGo k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]tdfgsf/fTds k|efj kg{ hfg] ePsf]n] sf/jfxLsf]qmddf tTsfn o; sfof{nodf clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/L k|x/L pk/LIfs sfo{/t g/x]sf] cj:yfePsf]n] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ePsf] dhs'/sfof{noaf6} k|=lg=@)$( -;+zf]wg;lxt _ sf]kl/R5]b ( sf] lgod ** sf] =-em_ cg';f/sf]s;"/df P]= lgodfjnLsf] lgod (# sf] pk

lgod @ -v_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod *$ sf] -5_ adf]lhdeljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] lgldQ cof]Uog7xl/g] u/L dhs'/ dWo If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nox]6f}+8fsf] r=g+=#)^# ldlt @)^^.)!.#! ut]sf]kqn] P]=ldltaf6 nfu" x'g] u/L gf]s/Laf6x6fOPsf] b]lvG5 . ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsn] ;/f;/em"7f / skf]nslNkt Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L o;sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] c~rn k|x/Lsfof{no afudtLsf k|x/L jl/i7 pk/LIfssf]lnlvt hjfkm .

k | =h=d [ To ' Gho/fh kf08 ]o ldlt@)^%.!!.#) b]lv s;}nfO{ g;f]wL cfkm"v'zLu}/xfhL/ /x]sf]df k|x/L 6f]nL v6L uO{ vf]htnf;ubf{ klg lgh km]nf gk/]sf]n] lghsf] gfpFdfd'n'sL P]g c=j+= !!) g+=adf]lhdsf] Dofb ;"rgf6fF; ubf{ klg lgh ̂ # lbg;Dd xfhL/ x'g gcfO{u}/xfhL/ /x]sf lyP . o;/L s;}nfO{ g;f]wLcfkm"v'zL u}/xfhL/ /x]sf l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ k|x/LlgodfjnL @)$( -;+zf]wg ;lxtsf] _ kl/R5]b( sf] lgod ** sf] b]xfo -em_ adf]lhdsf]s;"/df P]=lgod *( sf] pklgod -@_,-u_adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k'/f u/L P]= lgodfjnLsf]lgod (# sf] pklgod -@_ -v_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/k|of]u u/L ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod *$ sf]b]xfo -5_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf]nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{oul/Psf] xf] . o;/L sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/Laf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^^.!.#! sf] lg0f{o/ ;f]nfO{ ;b/ u/]sf] ldlt @)^*.#.!% sf] lg0f{oGofo;+ut g} ePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg kqvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] c~rn ;z:q k|x/L u'NdafudtL, sfe|]sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf]lgj]bg ;lxtsf ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhftx¿sf]

12781278127812781278


cWoog ul/of] . lgj]bs tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg\clwjQmfåo >L xl/ pk|]tL / >L hUugfydxtf] l;+xn] lgj]bssf] xh'/cfdf l;ls:t lj/fdLeO{ @, # lbg 3/ hfFbf crfgs cfkm} b'3{6gfdfk/L 3'F8fsf] hf]gL{ efFlrPsf]n] pkrf/ u/fpbfu/fpb} ljkIfL dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}+8fsfk|x/L pk/LIfssf] ldlt @)^^.!.#! sf] kqn]lgj]bsnfO{ k|x/L ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] x'Fbf ;f]lj?4 ;f]xL k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L gfojdxflg/LIfs ;dIf k'g/fj]bg lnO{ hfFbf ldlt@)^*.#.!% df z'?s} lg0f{o ;b/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .lgj]bs c~rn ;z:q k|x/L u'Nd afudtLdfsfo{/t k|x/L hjfg kbdf sfo{/t JolQm ePsf]n]lghnfO{ hfuL/af6 x6fpFbf ;f]xL sfof{nosfk|x/L pk/LIfsn] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df If]qflwsf/eGbf aflx/ uO{ x6fOPsf] ;f] lg0f{o sfg"gljk/Ltx'Fbf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L lgj]bssf];]jf hf]8L k"j{jt\ ;]jf ;'ljwf ;d]t lbnfO{kfpFm egL ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

To;}u/L ljkIfL sfof{no ;d]tsf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ;xGofoflwjQmf >L s[i0fhLjL l3ld/]n]l/6 lgj]bs ldlt @)^%.!!.#) b]lv s;}nfO{g;f]wL ̂ # lbg u}/xfhL/ /x]sf] / ;]jfk|lt pbfl;t/x]sf] b]lvFbf lghnfO{ c=j=!!) g+= adf]lhdDofb ;"rgf lbbf ;d]t ;]jfdf gkms]{sf] sf/0fn]sfg"gadf]lhdsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ljlw k"/f u/LlghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] xf] . k|x/L lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod (# sf] pklgod -@_ -v_ n]lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L k|x/L pk/LIfsn];]jfaf6 lgj]bsnfO{ x6fPsf] x'Fbf sfg"gadf]lhdePsf] lg0f{odf dfu adf]lhdsf] l/6 hf/L x'gg;Sg] x'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFm egL ax; lhsL/k|:t't ug'{eof] .

pko'{Qm ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax;lhsL/ ;d]t ;'gL OG;fkmtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ dfuadf]lhdsf] l/6 hf/L x'g ;Sg] xf] xf]Og < eGg];DaGwdf 7x/ lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f {otkm { ljrf/ ubf { dnfO{ljkIfLx¿af6 eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQcof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L k|x/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] u/Lu/]sf] lg0f{o Pj+ kq / ;f] lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug]{u/L dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L gfojdxflg/LIfsaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o Pj+ kq u}/sfg"gLePsf]n] lgj]bg bfjLcg';f/sf] l/6 hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL x]bf{ k|x/L P]gsf]bkmf (-#_ df æ/fhkqflÍt k|x/L clws[tnfO{g]kfn ;/sf/n] / cGo dftxt bhf{sf clws[t/ hjfgnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd k|x/L dxflg/LIfs,k|x/L cltl/Qm, dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L gfojdxflg/LIfs jf c~rn k|x/L pk/LIfsn] jvf{:tug{, ;]jfaf6 x6fpg, bhf{ jf tna 36fpg jfc? ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5Æ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yfePsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L clws[t / hjfgx¿nfO{gf ]s/Laf6 x6fpg ;Sg] clVtof/L ;Ddtf]lsPadf]lhdsf] clwsf/Laf6 x'g] egL;f]xLcg'¿k k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod(# sf] b]xfo -!_ b]lv -!!_ ;Dd pQm sfofy{tf]lsg] sfo{ ePsf] b]lvG5 lgod (# sf] b]xfo-@_ sf] -v_ df k|x/L hjfgnfO{ gf]s/Laf6x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ clVtof/L ;DalGwtk|x/L pk/LIfsnfO{ tf]lsPsf] kfOof] . ;f] cg'¿k;hfo ePsf]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clVtof/L;DalGwt k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfsnfO{ tf]lsPsf]b]lvG5 . ;f] cg'¿k lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6x6fpg] sfo{ ePsf] xf] xf]Og egL ljrf/ ug'{kg]{b]lvg cfof] .

#= lgj]bs k|x/L hjfg kbdf sfo{/t/x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|x/L lgodfjnLsf] lgod (# -@_-v_ df k|x/L hjfgnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg ;hfoug]{ clwsf/Ldf ;DalGwt k|x/L pk/LIfsnfO{tf]lsPsf] b]lvof] . lgj]bs c~rn ;z:q k|x/Lu'Nd afudtLdf k|x/L hjfg kbdf sfo{/t k|x/Lhjfg ePsf]n] ;f]xL afudtL c~rn ;z:qk|x/L u'Nd, k|x/L sfof{no afudtLcGtu{tsf]

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k|x/L pk/LIfsn] lgj]bnfO{ pQm ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]b]lvG5 . t/ ;f]cg'¿k k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] sfo{ geO{c;DalGwt dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}+8fsfk|x/L pk/LIfsn] lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg];hfo u/]sf] b]lvof] . s;}af6 s'g} s;"/ ePs}cj:yfdf klg sfg"gn] clVtof/L lbPsf] clwsf/Ljf lgsfon] dfq s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/L ;hfo ug{;Sb5 . sfg"gåf/f clVtof/ k|fKt gu/]sf] JolQmjf lgsfon] lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{ou/]sf]nfO{ ljlwjt 5 egL eGg ldNb}g .

$= o;/L lgj]bs sfo{/t /x]sf] c~rn;z:q k|x/L sfof{no afudtLsf] k|x/L pk/LIfsn]lgj]bsnfO{ sf/jfxL u/L kbaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]dfcs}{ dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}+8fsf] k|x/Lpk/LIfsaf6 lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] u/LePsf] cfb]z lg0f{o If]qflwsf/sf] cfwf/af6 g}q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] b]lvof] . o:tf] q'l6k"0f{ sfo{ lj?4l/6 lgj]bg k/]sf]af6 ;f] oyfjt\ sfod /xg;Sg] cj:yf b]lvb}g . lgj]bsnfO{ kbaf6 x6fpg]lg0f{o cfb]z ;d]tsf sfdsf/jfxL pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zaf6 ab/ x'g] b]lvof] .

%= lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{oclwsf/If]qsf] cefjsf] sf/0f pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] l:yltdf To:tf] cglws[tJolQmn] lg0f{odf ldlt pNn]v u¥of] u/]g,lgj]bsnfO{ k|ltjfbsf] df}sf lbof] lbPg / To:tf]df}sf lbg' kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg] ofjt sfo{ljlwutk|Zgtkm{ k|j]z ul//xg' kb}{g . lgj]bsn] cfkm\gf]lgj]bgdf cfkm\gf] xs k|rng / pkrf/ k|fKtug{ ljleGg k|df0f / sfg"gL k|Zgsf] cfwf/lnPsf] x'G5 . Gofo lg/f]k0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdfGofo;Dkfbg s} k|of]hgsf nflu laafbdf p7]sflnvt b:tfj]h, tYout k|Zg / sfg"gL k|Zgsf]ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . Gofo;Dkfbgsf] k|of]hgfy{ hltljZn]if0f / JofVof ug' {kg] { x'G5 Toltd}Gofo;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{ :jod+\ lgolGqt x'g'kb{5 .

cfjZostf eGbf j9L ;a} ljifodf ljZn]if0fug'{ jfG5gLo x'b}g . To;sf/0f clwsf/If]qfTdsq'l6sf] sf/0faf6 l/6 lgj]bg hf/L eO{ lgj]bsn]pkrf/ kfpg] cj:yf e};s]kl5 lgj]bsn] p7fPsfcGo sfo{ljlwut k|Zgtkm{ k|j]z ul//xg' k/]g .

^= ctPjM lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg]sfo{ q'l6k"0f{ ePsf] / q'l6k"0f{ cfb]z lg0f{osfod /xg g;Sg] cj:yf eO{ ;s]sf] o;cj:yfdf l/6 lgj]bsn] p7fPsf k|ltjfbsfdf}sfnufotsf cGo k|Zgx¿df l/6 lgj]bsn]pkrf/ kfpg] cj:yf e};s]sf]n] cGoyf ?kdfk|j]z u/L /xg' kg]{ cfjZostf k/]g . t;y{ljkIfLx¿af6 eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] lgldQcof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg]ldlt @)^^.!.#! sf] lg0f{o / kq tyf lgj]bssf]k'g/fj]bgpk/ ldlt @)^*.#.!% df ePsf]k'g/fj]bg vf/]h ug]{ dWoIf]q k|x/L sfof{nox]6f}+8fsf] lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{oadf]lhdsf] ldlt@)^*.#.!% sf] kqnufot lgj]bsnfO{ k|lts"nc;/ kfg]{ ljkIfLx¿sf] sfdsf/jfxL / lg0f{onfO{pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L lbPsf] 5 .

&= ca lgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg]lg0f{o sfdsf/jfxL ab/ ePsf]n] lghsf] axfnLsfod} /lx/x]sf] x'Fbf lghn] P]g sfg"gadf]lhdk|fKt ug]{ tna eQfnufot cGo ;'ljwf ;d]tlgj]bsnfO{ lbg' lbnfpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdfk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t'tcfb]zsf] hfgsf/L dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbO{ k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/L nut s§fu/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf d]/f] ;xdtL 5 .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} !* ut] /f]h @ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM— k/z'/fd e§/fO{

&&&&&

12801280128012801280


lg0f{o g+= **&* lg0f{o g+= **&* lg0f{o g+= **&* lg0f{o g+= **&* lg0f{o g+= **&*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§

@)^^-CR- )^^&km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.!(.#

d'2fM— hj/\h:tL s/0fL .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM lhNnf emfkf, bds g=kf=j8fg++=$ a:g] gfd kl/jlt{t B b]jLsf] hfx]/Ln]g]kfn ;/sf/

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM lhNnf emfkf bds g=kf=jf=g+=!$

a:g] g}gaxfb'/ ltjf/Lsf] 5f]/f rGb|k|;fbltjf/L eGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/L

z'? km};nf ug]{ M—df=lh=Gof=>L cjwljxf/Lk|;fb l;Gxf

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{ M–df=Gof=>L k'?iff]Qd k/fh'nLdf=Gof=>L k'?iff]Qd e08f/L

§ hfx]/jfnLsf] ls6fgL hfx]/L / kLl8tfn]df}sfdf u/]sf] sfuh tyf j:t'l:yltd'r'Nsfsf JolQmx¿n] u/]sf] sfuh tyflrlsT;sLo k|ltj]bgsf] k|lts"n x'g]u/L hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bft g} ePsf]xf]Og egL lgisif{df k'Ug' Gofof]lrt\ gx'g] .

§ k|ltjfbLsf] cbfntsf] OGsf/L aofgsf]lj?4df k|df0f oy]i6 df}h"b /x]sf]cj:yfdf cbfntsf] OGsf/L aofg dfqlgbf]{liftf ;fljt x'g] Psdfq cfwf/ x'gg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

§ hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bftsf] klxnf]s8L eg]sf] :jo+ kLl8t xf] / oLkLl8tfnfO{ k|ToIf / hLljt k|df0f dfGg'kg]{x'G5 eg] kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f csf]{s8L dfGg' kg]{ .

§ cbfntdf OGsf/L x'g'nfO{ dfq lgbf]{liftf7x/ x'g] cfwf/ aGg ;Sb}g . ck/fwLn];b}j kLl8tsf] 3/fo;L cfly{s cj:yfsf]kmfObf p7fO{ k|efjdf kfg{ ;Sg] /kLl8tsf] ;fdflhs cj:yf sdhf]/ePsf] kmfObf lng ;f] cj:yf d"NofÍgu/L To;sf] d"No ltg{ pT;'s /lx/xg]x'Fbf hfx]/L l9nf k/]sf] /x]5 eGb}dfe}/x]sf] ck/fwnfO{ vl08t ug{ vf]Hg]k|ltjfbLsf unt dfu{x¿nfO{ cbfntn]s]nfpg] k|of; ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_§ Dofb tfd]n x'Fbf j]kQ] eO{ g]kfnsf]

/fli6«o klqsfdf Dofb tfd]nsf] ;"rgfhf/L x'Fbf ;d]t cbfnt;dIf pkl:yteO{ cfk\mgf] lgbf]{liftf k'li6 ug{ g;s]sf]/ Goflos k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf];d]t gb]lvFbf lghsf] cbfntsf] OGsf/Laofg, hfx]/jfnf / kLl8tsf] cbfntsf]Hostile askqnfO{ dfq cfwf/ lnP/cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbFb} hfg] xf]eg] ;dfhdf ck/fwn] k|>o kfpg] /b08xLgtfsf] l:ylt l;h{gf x'g hfg] .

§ kLl8tsf] cbfnt;dIfsf] OGsf/LaskqnfO{ :jo+ k|ltjfbLs} cbfntsf]aofg kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgtyf ldl;n ;+nUg c? k|df0fn] v08gu/L ;s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf jf/bft 36gfk|ltcgle1tf k|s6 u/L ePsf] askqnfO{ljZjf;gLo k|df0fsf] ?kdf u|x0f ug'{Gof]of]lrt gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_

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**&* - g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=rGb|k|;fb eGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/L

k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf7f]sk|;fb lzjfsf]6L

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] #-@_ / !) g+=

km};nfGof=ts{/fh e6[M Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf (-!_ adf]lhd o;} cbfntsf]If]qflwsf/leq k/L bfo/ x'g cfPsf] d'2fsf];+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5M—

o;df o; cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^$.(.!).# -g]sfk @)^$, cÍ (, lg=g++=&**),k[=!@)*_ df hf/L ePsf] ljz]if k|s[ltdf d'2fx¿sf]sf/jfxLdf kIfx¿sf] uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg]lgb]{lzsf, @)^$ sf] bkmf #-!_ adf]lhdhfx]/jfnf, kLl8t / kLl8tsf] cfdfsf] gfdkl/jt{g u/L lghx¿sf] jf:tljs gfd l;naGbLu/L ldl;n ;fd]n ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] lznaGbLvfd km};nfsf] cleGg c+u dfgL c=j+=@! adf]lhdtfobftL kmf/dsf] slxNo} g;8fpg] dxndfpNn]v u/L clen]v /fVg' .

ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] @)M#) ah]sf];dodf lhNnf emfkf bds –!$ l:yt k"j{dfw'|j vltj8fsf] 3/, klZrddf O§fe§f hfg] sRrLaf6f], pQ/df lzj /fO{sf] 3/, blIf0fdf /fdb]je§/fO{sf] 3/, olt rf/ lsNnf leq k|ltjfbLrGb|k|;fb eGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/Lsf] l6gsf] 5fgf;]G6/j]/f u/]sf] b'O{ tn] 3/sf] d'lg tnfdfk|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Ln] kLl8t c s'df/LnfO{blIf0f l;/fgL, pQ/ uf]8\ofg kf/L 8/ wfs,wDsL, s/sfk kf/L hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] eGg]36gf:yn d'r'Nsf .

d]/f] 5f]/L jif{ !# sL c s'df/L /k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb eGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/Lsf]em8\s]nf] 5f]/L cGhnL /fO{ Pp6} :s"ndf k9\g]

;fyL x'Fbf lghx¿ slxn] xfd|f] 3/df, slxn]k|ltjfbLsf] 3/df k9\g uO{ Ps} 7fpFdf ;'Tg]ub{y] . ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] a]n'sL vfgfvfO{ c s'df/L / cGhnL lgh k|ltjfbLs}3/df lyP . 3/df u} l6=eL= x]b} ubf{ d]/L5f]/LnfO{ lk;fa nfuL lk;fa ug{ egL ;f]3/sf] tnfd'lg em/L 3/b]lv aflx/ l;F8L glhs}af6fsf] 5]pdf uO{ lk;fa ub}{ ubf{ d]/f] 5f]/Ltn em/]sf] yfxf kfO{ k|ltjfbL ;d]t c?n]yfxf gkfpg] u/L tn em/L lk;fa km]b}{ u/]sf]d]/f] 5f]/Lsf] d'v y'gL af]Ng s/fpg glbO{ 8/wfsdf kf/L lghsf] 3/d'lg efG;f sf]7fdfnu]/ ;f] :yfgdf lj5\ofPsf] u'Gb|Ldf n8fO{hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/L ;s]kl5 xNnf ul/;\eg] t]/f] a]OHht x'G5 egL 8/ qf; b]vfPsf]sf/0f r'krfk dfly uO{ ;fyL;Fu ;'tL ef]ln3/ cfP/ s]xL gegL a;]sL, 5f]/L Hofb} 8/fpg]lrlGtt eO{ /xg], 6f]nfO{ /xg] h:tf] b]vL d}n];f]wk'5 ubf{ ldlt @)^#.(.@@ ut] dfq pQms'/f eg]sL x'Fbf d]/L 5f]/LnfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fLug]{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg] hfx]/Lb/vf:t .

lhNnf emfkf, bds !$ a:g] rGb|k|;fbltjf/Lsf] em8\s]nL 5f]/L cGhnL /fO{ / d Pp6}:s"ndf k9\g] ePsf]n] ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut]cGhnL d]/f] 3/df cfO{ cfh b'j} hgf d]/}dfk9f}+nf egL xfd|f] 3/df cfPsL x'Fbf d klg d]/f]lstfa af]sL cGhnLsf] 3/df uO{ xfdL b'a} hgfPsl5g k9\of}+ . To;kl5 d nufot cGhnL;d]t eO{ l6=eL= l;/Lon x]b}{ ubf{ dnfO{ lk;fanfuL lk;fa km]g{ egL tn em/L 3/ 5]p glhs}af6f]df lk;fa km]b}{ ubf{ rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Ln]PSsf;L k5fl8af6 d]/f] d'v y'gL dnfO{ af]Ngs/fpg glbO{ af]ln;\ eg] df/L lbG5' egL 8/qf; b]vfO{ lxF8 eGb} tnd'lg efG;f sf]7fdfToxfF lj5fPsf] u'Gb|Ldf n8fO{ ?=!)).– lbG5'eGb} af]Ng s/fpg glbO{ d]/f] hfdf s6' vf]nL

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p;sf] k]G6 vf]nL d]/f] d'vdf sk8f /fvL xftn]lyrL lghsf] pQ]lht lnË d]/f] of]gLleq k;fO{hj/\h:tL;Fu s/0fL u/L lghsf] jLo{ :vngu/]sf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] kLl8t c s'df/Lsf] 36gfljj/0f sfuh .

kLl8t c s'df/Lsf] of]gLleqsf]] xfOdgtyf hfnL RofltPsf] 5 . dlxgfjf/L ePsf] %lbg ePsf] 5 . of]gL ;'lGgPsf] jf of]gL j/k/rf]6k6s 8fd 5}g eGg] d]rL c~rn c:ktfnaf6ePsf] kLl8tfsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg .

lhNnf emfkf bds g=kf=j8f g+=!$ a:g]B b]jLsf] 5f]/L c s'df/Lsf] o; ljBfnosf]/]s8{cg';f/ lghsf] hGd ldlt @)%).)(.@&df ePsf] clen]vaf6 b]lvPsf] eGg] >L kz'klt;+:s[t df=lj=bdssf] kq .

x:taxfb'/ phL{ lnDa"sf] gfltgL,wgaxfb'/ phL{ lnDa'sf] 5f]/L c s'df/L lnDa"sf]hGd ldlt @)%).(.@& df ePsf] eGg] :yflgokl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no, dxfef/fsf] ldlt@)%%.@.!& sf] hGd btf{ k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk .

emfkf bds –!$ a:g] B b]jLsf] hfx]/Ln]jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb ltjf/LePsf] hj/\h:tL s/0fL d'2fdf km/f/ /x]sf]k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb ltjf/LnfO{ lghsf] 3/ ufpFtyf n'sL l5kL a:g ;Sg] ;+efljt :yfgx¿dfvf]h tnf; ubf{ km]nf gk/]sf] eGg] k|x/L xjNbf/a]rg ;fsL{sf] k|ltj]bg .

lhNnf emfkf, bds !$ a:g] B b]jLsf]hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fbltjf/L ePsf] hj/\h:tL s/0fL d'2fdf km/f//x]sf] k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Lsf] a'afsf] gfdg}gaxfb'/ ltjf/L, afh]sf] gfd v'Ng g;s]sf],d]rL g=kf=! df lghsf] h]7L >LdtLsf] gfddf3/ hUuf 5 eGg] v'n]sf], s] slt 5 eGg] v'NggcfPsf], bds –!$ l:yt ;'s'Daf;L 6f]ndf;]G6/ a]/f l6gsf] 5fgf ePsf] P]nfgL hUufdf3/ ePsf], lghsf] gfddf hUuf tyf crn

;DklQ 5, 5}g eGg], v'Ng gcfPsf] / lghnfO{vf]h tnf; ubf{ km]nf gk/]sf] eGg] k|=h=gGb/fhl3ld/]sf] k|ltj]bg .

d l/S;f rfns x'Fbf k|foM 3/ jflx/g}x'G5' . d]/f] gfafns 5f]/L jif{ !# sL c s'df/LnfO{ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] /flt k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fbltjf/Ln] d]/L 5f]/L lghsf] 3/df ;'Tg uPsf]cj:yfdf lk;fa km]g{ 3/ aflx/ af6f]df cfO{lk;fa ub}{ ubf{ d'v y'gL 8/ qf; b]vfO{ lghs}3/sf] tnfd'lg efG;f sf]7fdf nuL hj/\h:tLs/0fL u/]sf] / 5f]/Ln] 8/n] s;}nfO{ geg]sf]eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] kLl8t c s'df/Lsf] a'afwgaxfb'/ phL{ lnDa'n] u/]sf] 36gf ljj/0fsfuh .

emfkf bds !$ a:g] rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Ln]c s'df/LnfO{ ;w}+ k};f lbg] u/]sf] s'/fdf >Ldfg\>LdtL aLr 3/ emu8f eO{ l5d]sLx¿n] yfxfkfO{ ;ljtf k'/L ;d]tsf dlxnfx¿ e]nf eO{ c

s'df/LnfO{ ;f]wk'5 ubf{ ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut]rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Lsf] 3/df lghs} em8\s]nL 5f]/LcGhnL /fO{;Fu ;'Tg uPsf] cj:yfdf lk;fakm]g{ 3/af6 tn em/L af6f]df lk;fa ub}{ u/]sf]cj:yfdf rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Ln] d'v y'gL 8/qf;b]vfO{ lghs} 3/sf] tnfd'lg efG;f sf]7fdf nluhj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] s'/f cfdfn] yfxf kfPlk6\g' x'G5 eGg] 8/n] s;}nfO{ geg]sf] eGg] s'/fkLl8tf c s'df/Ln] ;a};fd' eg]kl5 yfxf kfPsf]xf] . ufpFdf s/0fL ePsf] xNnf rn]kl5 lghrGb|k|;fb ltjf/L ufpF 3/af6 efu]sf 5g\ .lgh efu]sf] b]Vbf lghn] kLl8tnfO{ hj/\h:tLs/0fL u/]sf]df ljZjf; nfUof] . lghnfO{sfg"gadf]lhd sf/jfxL xf];\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]Ps} ldnfg x'g] u/L nIdL ;'Aaf ;d]tn] n]vfO{lbPsf] a:t'l:ylt d'r'Nsf .

ldl;n ;+nUg ;a't k|df0fx¿af6k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb ltjf/Ln] kLl8tfnfO{hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] s'/f k'li6 x'g cfPsf]n]

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k|ltjfbLn] d'n'sL P]g hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] dxnsf]! g+= tyf # -@_ g+= cg';f/ s;"/ u/]sf] x'FbflghnfO{ ;f]xL dxnsf] #-@_ g+= cg';f/ ;hfox'g'sf] ;fy} k|ltjfbLaf6 kLl8tnfO{ P]=P]gsf]P]=dxnsf] bkmf !) g+= cg';f/ Ifltk"lt{ ;d]te/fO{kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbL g]kfn;/sf/sf] cleof]u dfu bfjL .

ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] c s'df/L d]/f]5f]/L;Fu d]/f] 3/df k9\g egL cfPsL / dl6=eL=x]/L a;L /x]sf] 7fpFdf lgh c s'df/L klgl6=eL= x]g{ cfPsLn] dnfO{ v} s] eof] eof] d}n]c s'df/Lsf] :tg ;dftL lghnfO{ s/0fL ug{b]p, d ltdLnfO{ ?=!)).– lbG5' ;Dd eg]sf]lyP . ;f]xL avt d]/L >LdtL sf]7fdf cfPsLn]c s'df/L p7L cfkm\gf] 3/tkm{ uO{g . d}n] cs'df/LnfO{ s/0fL ug{ b]p;Dd eg]sf] xf] . s/0fLu/]sf] xf]Og eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLn]cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ u/]sf] aofg .

kl5 a'em\b} hfFbf 7x/]adf]lhd x'g] u/Lxfn k|ltjfbLnfO{ c=j++=!!* -@_ g++= adf]lhdy'gfdf /fvL d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{ eGg] z'? cbfntsf]cfb]z .

ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] /ftL d d]/} alxgL;'l:dtf ;'Aaf;Fu cfkm\g} 3/df ;'t]sL lyP .hfx]/Lsf] af/]df dnfO{ yfxf 5}g eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] kLl8tf c s'df/Ln] cbfntdf u/]sf]askq .

d k9\g n]Vg hflGbg . k|x/Ln] s]sfuhdf ;xL u/fP yfxf ePg . 5f]/LnfO{k|ltjfbLn] s/0fL u/]sf] af/] s]xL yfxf 5}g eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] hfx]/jfnf B b]jLn] cbfntdfu/]sf] askq .

o;df hfx]/jfnL / kLl8tfn] s;"/ u/]sf]tYo :yflkt u/fpg g;sL k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfOlbg] u/L askq u/]sf], k|ltjfbLn] s]jn s/0fLug]{ k|:tfa /fv]sf], k|ltjfbLsf] aofgsf] cfwf/n]/ !( ut] ePsf] 36gfdf @^ ut] hfx]/L k/L

sf/jfxL ePsf] df}sfsf] 36gf ljj/0f sfuhsfJolQmx¿sf] egfO{ tyf kLl8tfsf] df}sfsf] sfuh;dly{t gePsf] x'Fbf k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf!* n] k|dfl0fs dxTj g/fVg] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLpk/sf] s;"/ :yflkt geO{ k|ltjfbLn] ;kmfOkfpg] 7x5{ eGg] z'? emfkf lhNnf cbfntaf6ePsf] ldlt @)^$.!!.!( sf] km};nf .

kLl8tfn] df}sfdf sfuh ubf{ k|ltjfbLn]lghnfO{ d'vdf sk8f /fvL af]Ng s/fpg glbO{of]gLleq lnË k;fO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/L jLo{:vng ePkl5 csf]{ sf]7fdf uO{ ;'t]sf] egLpNn]v u/]sf] Pj+ zf/Ll/s hfFrdf kLl8tfsf]xfOd]g RofltPsf] eGg] b]lvPsf]af6, k|ltjfbL36gf kl5 ufpFdf gx'g' kLl8tfnfO{ ?=!)).–lbO{ s/0fL ug{ dfu]sf] b]lvPsf cj:yfdfk|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] 7x/ ePsf] z'?cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] ab/ u/Lk|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd ;hfoul/kfpFm eGg] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt Onfddf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg .

k|ltjfbL :jo+n] cfkm\gf] aofgdf s/0fLsf]cfzon] kLl8tfsf] :tg ;dft]sf] s'/fdf ;fljte} ;=h=$ / * df aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfkm"pk/To;/L k|ltjfbLaf6 of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf] sf/0faf6tTsfn p7]sf] l/;sf] cfj]udf cfO{ kLl8tfn]36gf ljj/0f sfuh ul/lbPsL / ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf]hfx]/L k/]sf] eP klg bds gu/kflnsfsf] Ps}j8fdf a:g] kLl8tfsf] kl/jf/ / k|ltjfbLsf]kl/jf/kl5 ;dembf/Ldf cfO{ hfx]/jfnL ;d]tn]cbfntdf hj/\h:tL s/0fL gePsf] jf:tljsJoxf]/f blz{g] u/L asL n]vfO{lbPsf] x'g;Sg]cj:yf b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLn] bfjLsf] s;"/ u/]sf]eGg] k'li6 x'g cfPg . o;y{ k|ltjfbLn] kLl8tfnfO{hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] eGg] gb]lvFbf k|ltjfbLn]cf/f]lkt s;"/af6 ;kmfO kfpg] 7x/fO{ ePsf]z'? emfkf lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.!!.!(sf] km};nf ldn]s} x'Fbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ eGg]

12841284128412841284


k'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdsf] ldlt @)^%.*.@^sf] km};nf .

ck/fwLnfO{ arfpg] lgotn] :jo+kLl8t nufot d}n] aofg lbg ;Sg] l:yltnfO{Wofgdf /fvL Gofostf{n] lg0f{o ubf{ s;}n];kmfO lbg] aofg lbb}df cleo'QmnfO{ lg/k/fw7x/ ug'{kg]{ jf s;}n] cleo'Qm lj?4 aofglbb}df ck/fwL 7xl/g} kg]{ eGg ;lsGg . hfx]/Ll9nf k/]sf], s/0fL u/]sf] xf]Og egL hfx]/jfnftyf kLl8tn] u/]sf] askq ;d]tsf] cfwf/df;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] z'? emfkf lhNnf cbfnt/ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdsf] km};nf Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_-v_ sf]q'l6 ljBdfg /x]sf] x'Fbf k|ltjfbLnfO{ z'?cleof]u dfubfjLadf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg]jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 o; cbfntdfkg{ cfPsf] d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]l/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bg .

o;df, k|ltjfbLsf] cbfntsf] aofgdf?=!)).– lbG5' s/0fL ug{ b]p eg]sf];Dd x'FegL aofg u/]sf] / kLl8tsf] df}sfsf] ls6fgLsfuh ;d]tsf] kl/k|]Iodf k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfOlbPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdf hj/\h:tLs/0fLsf] % g+= / k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf %$sf] AofVofTds q'l6 b]lvFbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08-s_ adf]lhd d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfgul/Psf] 5 . lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.!.!% sf] cfb]zfg';f/k|:t't d'2f k'g/fj]bgsf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf]b]lvG5 .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdfr9L Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf]k'g/fj]bg kq ;lxtsf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft cWoogul/of] . k'g/fj]bs jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L 7f]sk|;fblzjfsf]6Ln] k|ltjfbLn] kLl8tfnfO{ d'v y'gL

af]Ng glbO{ af]n] df/L lbg] wDsL lbO{ k};f lbG5'egL :tg df8L hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf],k|ltjfbLn] hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] sf/0fkLl8tfsf] xfOd]g RofltPsf] eGg] :jf:Yo k/LIf0fk|ltj]bgaf6 b]lvPsf]n] s/0fLsf] s;"/ k'li6e}/x]sf ] cj:yfdf k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]ubfjLadf]lhd ;hfo x'g'kg]{df ;kmfO lbg]7x/fPsf] kg'/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdsf] km};nfpN6L eO{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLcg';f/;hfo x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] .

pk/f]Qm ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfsf] ax;;d]t ;'gL OG;fkmtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bgcbfnt Onfdaf6 ePsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5 5}g< / k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sg] xf] xf]Og < eGg] ljifodf 7x/ lg0f{o lbg'kg]{b]lvof] .

tT;DaGwdf x]bf{ k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fbeGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/Ln] kLl8tf jif{ !# sLkl/jlt{t gfd c s'df/LnfO{ hj/\h:tL s/0fLu/sf] k'li6 x'g cfPsf]n] d'n'sL P]g hj/\h:tLs/0fLsf] ! / #-@_ g+= sf] s;"/df P]=#-@_ g+=cg';f/ ;hfo eO{ P]=dxnsf] !) g+= cg';f/kLl8tfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfO{ kfpFm eGg] cleof]ubfjL ePsf]df bfjLsf] s;"/af6 k|ltjfbLnfO{;kmfO lbg] u/L ePsf] z'?sf] km};nf ;b/u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdsf] km};nfpk/lrQ ga'emL jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6k|ltjfbLnfO{ bfjLadf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm egLo; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg bfo/ eO{ lg0f{ofy{k]z ePsf] b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, kLl8tf c

s'df/LnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] ldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] /ftsf];dodf cfkm\g} 3/sf] tnfd'lgsf] efG;f sf]7fdfnuL hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] eGg] hfx]/L b/vf:tk/L cg';Gwfg k|f/De ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdfkLl8tfn] df}sfdf u/]sf] 36gf ljj/0f sfuhdfldlt @)^#.(.!( ut] a]n'sL k|ltjfbL rGb|axfb'/

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ltjf/LsL em8\s]nL 5f]/L c~hnL /fO{n] PSn};'Tg 8/nfU5 ;Fu} ;'tf}+ egL dnfO{ af]nfO{ nuLPsl5g kl9;s]kl5 c~hnL ;d]t eO{ l6=eL=l;l/on x]b}{ ubf{ dnfO{ lk;fa nflu 3/5]paf6f]df lk;fa km]g{ al;/xsf] cj:yfdf c~hnLsfafa'n] k5fl8af6 d]/f] d'v y'gL af]Ng s/fpgglbO{ 8/ qf; b]vfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/sf] tnfd'lgefG5f sf]7fdf nuL u'Gb|Ldf n8fO{ ?=!)).–lbG5' egL d]/f] d'vdf sk8f /fvL xftn] lyrLaf]Ng s/fpg glbO{ s/0fL u/] egL n]vfO{lbPsf]b]lvG5 .

#= k|ltjfbLn] cbfntdf cfO{ aofgubf{ @)^#.(.!( ut] ;fFem c s'df/L 5f]/Lc~hnL /fO{;Fu k9\g d]/f] 3/df cfPsLdf d}n]s/0fL ug{ b]p egL n'uf aflx/}af6 lghsf] :tg;dft]sf], df8]sf];Dd xf], Tolta]nf g} >LdtLsf]7fdf cfOk'u]sfn] c s'df/L klg p7L cfkm\gf]3/df uPsL x'g\ eGg] tYo ;d]tnfO{ k|ltjfbLn]:jLsf/ u/L aofg u/]sf 5g\ . t/ hj/\h:tLs/0fL u/]sf] xf]Og egL n]vfO{lbPsf] b]lvG5 .kLl8tfsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f ubf{ lghsf]of]gLleqsf] xfOdg tyf hfnL RofltPsf] eGg]b]lvG5 . lk8Ltf / hfx]/jfnLn] cbfntdf36gfsf] ;DaGwdf OGsf/ u/]tfklg k|ltjfbLn]kLl8tf tyf hfx]/jfnLnfO{ 8/qf; jf cg'lrtk|efjdf kf/L em"7f askq ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfljBdfg x'g g;Sg] eGg] cj:yf tkm{ cbfntn]cg'dfg ug{ ;Sb5 . k|ltjfbL :jo+n] cfkm\gf]aofgdf !# jif{sL kLl8tfnfO{ s/0fLsf] cfzon]lghsf] :tg ;dft]sf] s'/fdf ;fljt e} cfkm\gf]cbfnt ;dIfsf] aofgsf] ;=h=$ / * dfaofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgh kLl8tfsf] sGofhfnLRofltPsf] eGg] 8fS6/sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|ltjfbLn]cGoyf eGg ;s]sf] 5}g .

$= k|ltjfbL cf/f]lkt s;"/df cbfntdfOGsf/ /x]klg cGo :jtGq k|df0fn] s;"/ :yflktx'G5 x'Fb}g < oL k|ltjfbL jf:tjdf lgbf]{if x'g jf

bf]ifL x'g\ < k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf]ck/fwaf6 k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;kmfO lbPsf] ldn]sf]5 5}g < ;f] s'/fsf] k|fKt k|df0fsf] ljZn]if0f u/Lljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . k|ltjfbLcf/f]lkt s;"/df cbfntdf OGsf/ /x]klgkLl8tnfO{ ?=!)).– lbG5' egL k|nf]egdf kf/]/3/leq efG;fsf] u'Gb|Ldf ;'Tg nufO{ lghn]nufPsf] hfdf s§' ;d]t vf]nL lbO{ cfkm\gf]kfO{G6 vf]nL kLl8tfsf] d'vdf sk8f /fvL xftn]lyrL pQ]lht lnË lghsf] of]gLdf 3if{0f u/fO{of]gLleq xfnL s/0fL u/L jLo{ :vng u/]kl5kLl8tnfO{ nnfO{ kmsfO{{ t]/f] ufpFdf a]OHhtx'G5 eg]/ k|ltjfbLn] eg]sf]] cj:yf kLl8tsf]df}sfsf] aofgaf6 b]lvG5 Pj+ kLl8tsf] xfOdgsGofhfnL RofltPsf] eGg] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0fk|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] x'Fbf s/0fLsf] jf/bftePsf] tYodf ljjfb ePg .

%= hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bft :yflktx'g k|df0fsf] klxnf] s8L :jo+d kLl8tsf] egfO{/ bf];|f] kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f g} xf] . oLb'O{ k|df0fsf] ;+of]hgåf/f g} hj/\h:tL s/0fLePsf] xf] xf]Og eGg] tYosf] lg/f]k0f x'g ;Sb5 .kLl8tn] df }sfdf u/]sf ] sfuhdf ldlt@)^#.(.!( ut] /flt !)M#) ah]sf] ;dodflgh k|ltjfbL lk;fa km]l//fv]sf] 7fpFdf cfof] .cfkm\gf] 3/sf] efG;f sf]7fdf dnfO{ ;dftLd'v y'gL nuL d}n] eg]sf] dfg ?=!)).– ?k}ofFlbG5' egL lghn] d}n] nufPsf] hfdf / s6'vf]nL lbof] . lghn] klg cfkm"n] nufPsf] kfOG6vf]nL d]/f] of]gLdf lghsf] lnË NofO{ hf]8Ls/0fL u¥of] dnfO{ s;}nfO{ geg ufpFdf t]/f]a]OHht x'G5 egL 8/ b]vfof] . lghn] dnfO{?=!)).– lbg] k|nf]egdf 8/qf; b]vfO{ hj/\h:tLs/0fL u/]sf] xf] egL df}sfdf ls6fgL ;fyn]vfPsf] kfOG5 .

^= oL kLl8t !# jif{sL gfaflnsf /x]sLl5g\ . clt slnnf] pd]/sf afnaflnsfdf s'g}

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hfnem]n, 5nsk6 jf agfj6L s'/f ug]{ :jefjx'Fb}g / To:tf agfj6L s'/f ug{ klg hfg]sfx'b}gg\ . ltgLx¿df /x]sf] cfTd}b]lvsf] lgisn+sdfgjLo :jefjn] ubf{ h] 36gf 36]sf] 5 ;f]phfu/ dfq ub{5g\ . To;/L phfu/ ul/Psf]36gfsf] tYo jf:tljstfdf c8]sf] x'G5 . ælghn] klg cfkm"n] nufPsf] kfOG6 vf]nL d]/f]of]gLdf lghsf] lnË k;fO hj/\h:tL s/0fLu/L jLo{ :vng u/]sf] xf] eGg] n]vfO{ g} :jfefljsjf:tljstfdf c8]sf] 5 . jf/bft g36]sf] ePPs cGhfg gfaflnsfn] oL k|ltjfbLpk/ s/0fLePsf] cj:yf bzf{O{ bf]if nufpg] c? sf/0fb]lvg cfPg . k|ltjfbLn] s;"/ gu/]sf] ePlsg k|ltjfbL pk/ cf/f]k nfUof] / lgh df}sfdfGoflos k|lqmofdf ;xof]u gu/L km/f/ /x\of] .;f] af/] k|ltjfbLn] cGoqsf] lhsL/ lng ;s]sf]b]lvb}g . To;sf/0f k|ltjfbLsf] cbfntsf]OGsf/L aofg ljZjf;nfos dfGg ;lsb}g .k|df0fsf] csf]{ s8L eg]sf] kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/sk/LIf0f xf] . zf/Ll/s k/LIf0faf6 kLl8tfsf]of]gLsf] xfOdg Pj+ sGofhfnL RofltPsf] eGg]b]lvG5 . ;f] zf/Ll/s cj:yf cGo sf/0faf6ePsf] eGg] klg ldl;naf6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5}g .o:tf] l:yltdf k|ltjfbL cf/f]lkt s;"/df OGsf/L/xg' dfq lgbf]{liftf 7x/ x'g] cfwf/ aGg ;Sb}g .

&= o;/L hfx]/jfnLsf] ls6fgL hfx]/L /kLl8tfn] df}sfdf u/]sf] sfuh tyf a:t'l:yltd'r'Nsfsf JolQmx¿n] u/]sf] sfuh tyflrlsT;sLo k|ltj]bgsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/Lhj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bft g} ePsf] xf]Og egLlgisif{df k'Ug' Gofof]lrt\ x'Fb}g . To;sf/0fk|ltjfbLsf] cbfntsf] OGsf/L aofgsf] lj?4dfk|df0f oy]i6 df}h"b /x]sf] cj:yfdf cbfntsf]OGsf/L aofg dfq lgbf]{liftf ;fljt x'g] Psdfqcfwf/ x'g ;Sb}g .

*= cj, s] s:tf] cj:yfdf hj/\h:tLs/0fL u/]sf] 7xl/g] eGg] ;DaGwdf hj/\h:tL

s/0fLsf] dxnsf] ! g+= df ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfx]bf{ æ s;}n] s''g} dlxnfnfO{ lghsf] d~h"/L glnO{s/0fL u/]df jf ;f]x| jif{eGbf sd pd]/sLaflnsfnfO{ lghsf] d~h"/L lnO{ jf glnO{ s/0fLu/]df lghn] hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x5{Æ egLlgDg Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M

-s_ 8/, qf;, wfs b]vfO{ jf s/sfk, cg'lrtk|efj, em'Sofgdf kf/L jf hf]/ h'n'd u/Ljf ckx/0f u/L jf z/L/ aGws /fvLlnPsf] d~h"/LnfO{ d~h"/L dflgg] 5}g .

-v_ xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] cj:yfdf lnPsf]d~h"/LnfO{ d~h"/L dflgg] 5}g .

-u_ of]gLdf lnË s]xL dfq k|j]z ePsf] /x]5eg] klg o; gDj/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflus/0fL u/]sf] dflgg]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf]kfOG5 . ;f]x| jif{ d'lgsL aflnsf jfs'g} :jf:gL dflg;nfO{ p;sf] d~h"/LlnO{ jf glnO{ h'g;'s} Joxf]/f;Fu s/0fLu/]klg hj/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] dflgg]eGg] pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ lokLl8tf !# jif{sL gfaflnsfsf] xsdflghsf] d~h"/Laf6 s/0fL ePsf] cj:yfdfklg hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] kl/efiffleqkg{ cfpg] b]lvG5 .

*= kL l8tsf ] zf/L l/s k/LIf0 fk|ltj]bgaf6 kLl8tsf] xfOdg Pj+ sGofhfnLRofltPsf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf hj/\h:tLs/0fL ePsf] xf] xf]Og egL yk k|df0fsf]cfjZostf / ljZn]if0f ul//xg' kg]{ cfjZostfb]lvb}g . Ps !# jifL{o cjf]w gfaflnsfn]cfkm"dfly ePsf] qm"/ cdfgjLo ck/fwsf] af/]df36gfsf] oyfy{ lrq0f u/L ePsf] 36gf pNn]vu/L n]vfPsL, lgh kLl8tsf] egfO{ cGo :jtGqk|df0fx¿n] k'li6 u/]sf] cj:yfdf oL k|ltjfbLlgbf]{if /x]5g\ egL dfGg ldn]g .

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(= o; k|sf/ oL k|ltjfbL k|:t't ck/fwsf]cg';Gwfg x'Fbf df}sfdf km/f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .kl5 cbfntdf xfhL/ eO{ aofg ubf{ jf/bft36]sf] elgPsf] /flt kLl8t cfkm\gf] 3/df 5f]/L;Fuk9\g cfPsf], To;a]nf kLl8tfn] l6=eL= x]l//x]sf]cj:yfdf s/0fL ug{ b]p egL lghsf] 5ftL;'D;'dfPsf] ;dodf cfkm\gL >LdtL cfPsLn] Cs'df/L p7L uPsL x'g\, t/ s/0fL gu/]sf] egL36gfnfO{ cf+lzs :jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . !#jif{sL Ps gfaflnsf 5f]/LsL ;fyL 5f]/L ;dfgsLkLl8tnfO{ /ftsf] ;dodf 5ftL dfq ;'D;'dfPsf]xf] t/ s/0fL u/]sf] xf]Og eGg] k|ltjfbLsf]cbfntsf] aofg cfkm}df kTof/nfos b]lvgcfPg .

!)= o; jf/bftdf klg z'?df?=!)).–lbG5' eg]sf], hj/\h:tL s/0fL ubf{kLl8tfsf] d'vdf sk8f sf]rL d'v y'g]sf],s;}nfO{ eg]df t]/f] j]OHht x'G5 egL wDsLlbPsf] b]lvG5 . hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bftsf]klxnf] s8L eg]sf] :jo+ kLl8t xf] / oLkLl8tfnfO{ o; d'2fdf k|ToIf / hLljt k|df0fdfGg'kg]{ x'G5 eg] csf]{ s8L kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/sk/LIf0f dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 . o;df jf/bftdfkLl8tn] df}sfdf sfuh ubf{ jf/bftsf];Gbe{df ;Dk"0f{ j0f{g n]vfPsL / s/0fL ePsf]k'li6 lghsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f ug]{ 8fS6/Lk|ltj]bgaf6 b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLn] cbfntdfOGsf/L x'g'nfO{ dfq lgbf]{liftf 7x/ x'g] cfwf/aGg ;Sb}g . lsgsL oL k|ltjfbL ljBfnosf]lzIfs /x]sf / s/0fLkZrft\ klg kLl8tflgh k|ltjfbLsL 5f]/L;Fu} ;'t]sL b]lvG5 .;fy} ck/fwLn] ;b}j kLl8tsf] 3/fo;L cfly{scj:yfsf] kmfObf p7fO{ k|efjdf kfg{ ;Sg] /kLl8tsf] ;fdflhs cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf]kmfObf lng ;f] cj:yf d"NofÍg u/L To;sf]d"No ltg{ pT;'s /lx/xg] x'Fbf hfx]/L l9nfk/]sf] /x]5 eGb}df e}/x]sf] ck/fwnfO{ vl08t

ug{ vf]Hg] k|ltjfbLsf unt dfu{x¿nfO{cbfntn] s]nfpg] k|of; ug'{kg]{ g} x'G5 .

!!= o;sf/0f ls6fgL hfx]/L, kLl8tsf]df}sfsf] sfuh, hfx]/jfnf / df}sfdf a'lemPsfJolQmsf] egfO,{ kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f,k|ltjfbLsf] cbfntdf ePsf] cf+lzs ;fljtLaofgnufotsf ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0fx¿af6/ o; cbfntaf6 d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;fk|bfg ePkZrft\ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cbfntaf6b'Ok6s Dofb tfd]n x'Fbf j]kQ] eO{ g]kfnsf]/fli6«o klqsf uf]/vfkqdf ldlt @)^*.%.&df Dofb tfd]nsf] ;"rgf hf/L x'Fbf ;d]tk|ltjfbL cbfnt ;dIf pkl:yt eO cfk\mgf]lgbf] { liftf k'li6 ug{ g;s]sf] / Goflosk|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] ;d]t gb]lvFbflghsf] cbfntsf] OGsf/L aofg, hfx]/jfnf /kLl8tsf] cbfntsf] Hostile askqnfO{ dfqcfwf/ lnP/ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6;kmfO lbb} hfg] xf] eg] ;dfhdf ck/fwn]k|>o kfpg] / b08lxgtfsf] l:ylt l;h{gf x'ghfg] b]lvG5 . hxfF;Dd kLl8tsf] cbfnt;dIfsf] OGsf/L askqsf] k|Zg 5, To;nfO{:jo+ k|ltjfbLs} cbfntsf] aofg kLl8tsf]zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tyf ldl;n ;+nUgc? k|df0fn] v08g u/L ;s]sf] cj:yf b]lvgfn]jf/bft 36gfk|lt cgle1tf k|s6 u/L ePsf]To:tf] askqnfO{ ljZjf;gLo k|df0fsf] ?kdfu|x0f ug'{ Gof]of]lrt b]lvg cfPg .

!@= hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw PsuDeL/ cdfgljo ck/fw xf] . o;du:f kLl8tn];b}j dfgl;s / ;fdflhs tgfa Joxf]g'{kg]{ /kLl8tsf] dfgjLo ;+j]bglzntfdf 7"nf] Ifltk'Ug hfg] x'Fbf cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg ;a} lgsfox¿ax't} rgfvf] x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . sfdjf;gfsf]k"lt{af6 tTsfn k|fKt x'g] cfgGbsf nfluk|ltjfbLn] cg]sf}+ pkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{ u/]sf]kfOG5 . kLl8tnfO{ cg]s dgf]j}1flgs k|efjx¿

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kf/]sf] x'g ;Sb5 . o;af6 kLl8tsf] :jtGqdfgjLo cl:tTj, dfg, ;Ddfg / p;sf] JolQmutPj+ ;fdflhs cl:dtf n'l6Psf] x'G5 / p;sf]:jtGq cl:tTj g} vl08t ePsf] x'G5 .

!#= t;y{, dfly plNnlvt cfwf/, sf/0f/ k|df0faf6 cleof]u dfubfjLadf]lhd k|ToyL{k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb eGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/Ln]kLl8t c s'df/LnfO{ d'n'sL P]g hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf]! g+= ljk/Lt hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] s;"/ u/]sf] /jf/bft x'Fbfsf cj:yfdf kLl8tfsf] pd]/ !# jif{dfq /x]sf] b]lvFbf lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ P]=sf] #-@_g+=adf]lhd * jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] / P]=!) g+=adf]lhd k|ltjfbLaf6 kLl8tfnfO{ ? !,)),))).–-cIf]?kL Psnfv_ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg] egL 7x/ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L hj/\h:tL s/0fLsf] cleof]ubfjLaf6 k|ltjfbLn] ;kmfO kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] z'?emfkf lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ ;b/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdsf] ldlt @)^%.*.@^ut]sf] km}n;f pN6L eO{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ * jif{ s}b/ k|ltjfbLaf6 kLl8tfnfO{ ?=Ps nfv ?k}ofF-!,)),))).–_ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg] 7x5{ . c?dftk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Ln

dfly 7x/ v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhdk'g/fj]bg cbfnt Onfdaf6 ePsf] km};nf pN6LeO{ k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fb eGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/LnfO{* -cf7 jif{_ s}b x'g] / k|ltjfbLaf6 kLl8tnfO{?=Ps nfv -!,)),))).–_ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg]7x/]sf]n] ;f]sf] nut s;L c;"npk/ ug'{ ;fy}k|ltjfbL z'? cbfntsf] y'g5]s cfb]zfg';f/ldlt @)^$.%.@$ b]lv )^$.!!.!(;Dd %dlxgf@% lbg s}b a;]sf] b]lvbf lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;f]y'gf s§f u/L jfFsL & jif{ ^ dlxgf % lbgy'gfsf] nut s:g' egL z'? emfkf lhNnf cbntdfn]vL k7fO{ lbg" !

kLl8t c s'df/LnfO{ k|ltjfbL rGb|k|;fbeGg] rGb|axfb'/ ltjf/Laf6 lghsf] rn crn;DklQ g]kfn clw/fHo e/ sxfF s] slt 5osLg u/L ;f] /f]Ssf /fvL sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{k|ltjfbLsf] >L;DklQaf6 kLl8tnfO{ s'g} b} b:t"/glnO{ Psnfv /sd Ifltk"lt{:j?k e/fO{ lbg'egL emfkf lhNnf cbfntdf n]vL k7fO{lbg" –@

k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/Lldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" –––#

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} !( ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM— k/z'/fd e§/fO{

lg0f{o g+= **&( lg0f{o g+= **&( lg0f{o g+= **&( lg0f{o g+= **&( lg0f{o g+= **&(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{@)^^–WO–!!((

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.%.@$.!

ljifo M pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t .

lgj ]bsM lhNnf df ] /Ë, lj/f6gu/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @), /fgLl:yt >L lb h'4 Dofr ˆofS6\/L-lj/f6gu/_ lnld6]8sf ] tkm {af6clVtof/ k|fKt ;'/]Gb|nfn ;'jfn

lj?4ljkIfL k|ToyL{M >d cbfnt ;d]t

&&&&&

12891289128912891289

**&( - lb h'4 Dofr kmfS6«L ln=lj=>d cbfnt ;d]t

§ sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdfJoj:yfkg x:tfGt/0f ePs} gftfaf6jf Joj:yfkg x:tfGt/0f ubf{ ul/Psf]s/f/ sfuhaf6 pGd'lQm x'g] cj:yfg/xg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ kfpg' kg]{ kfl/>ldsnufotsf sfg"gåf/f

lgwf{/0f ;'ljwfx¿ dfu ug]{ sfg"gLclwsf/ dhb'/df /x]sf] tyf sDkgLnfO{sfdbf/ cfjZos gePsf] egL cfkm}n]cjsfz g} lbO;s]kl5 lghx¿nfO{e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{ bfloTjaf6 s'g} klgaxfgfdf kG5g gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf &( sf] ljifo

sf/vfgf ;~rfng xF'bfx'Fb}sf] cj:yfdfljjfb l;h{gf eO{ ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ePsf] ;Demf}tf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] /pQm bkmfdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L tyfJoj:yfkssf] aLrdf pTkGg ljjfbsf]6'Ëf] nufpg ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf ;DalGwtkIfsf] lgldQ sfg"g ;/x dflgg] 5 /;f] ;Demf}tf >d sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{kg]{5 eGg] pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfljjfb g} geO{ sf/vfgf ;'rf? ug]{;DaGwdf ePsf ] :jf ldTj /Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ePsf]n]lgoldt ?kdf cjsfz kfPsfsd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yfnfu" x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf vDdaxfb'/ vftLk|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bs'df/

kf]v/]ncjnlDat ghL/M

;Da4 sfg"gM§ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf *, @%-!_,

^), &(§ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf !#

cfb]zGof=k|f=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{M g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_adf]lhd o;} cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq /xL bfo/x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo /7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M–

;nfO{ pBf]u k'gM ;~rfng ug{sf]nflu hL0f{ / ?U0f cj:yfdf /x]sf] lb h'4Dofr ˆofS6 \/ L - lj/f6gu/_ lnld6 ]8pBf ]unfO { lhjGttf lbg ] dg;fon ]Joj:yfks, sfdbf/ sd{rf/L ;d]tsf] k"0f{;xof]usf] efjgfn] >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!% adf]lhd sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx¿ cjsfzk|fKt ug]{ cj:yfdf >d lgodfjnL, @)%)sf] lgod @# adf]lhd pkbfg zLif{sdf k|fKtug'{kg]{ /sd Psd'i6 e'QmfgL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfsDkgLsf] gePsf]n] ldlt @)^!.!).@& sf];Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+= % df cg'bfgafkt k|fKtug]{ Psd'i6 /sdnfO{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Ln]axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf]kfl/>ldssf] @) k|ltzt /sd lghsf] ;Dk"0f{lx;fa r'Qmf gx'~h]n;Ddsf] nflu # jif{leqe'QmfgL ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] / o; sDkgLn]cGo afFsL lx;fa lstfa lghx¿nfO{ lbg'kg]{cj:yf ;d]t geP g/x]sf] k|i6 5 . ljkIfLx¿dWo] sfdbf/x¿n] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ /sd;lxta'Fbf g+= % df pNn]v eO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhdb'j} kIfn] cIf/;M kfng ug]{ ;Demf}tf /;xdlt ljk/Lt ljkIfLx¿n] kfl/>lds ;]jf;'ljwf h] h'g k|fKt ug'{kg]{ xf] ;f] ;d]tk|fKt u/L ;s]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM ;Demf}tfkqljk/Lt x'g] u/L pBf]u Joj:yfkg kIfn]

12901290129012901290


@) k|ltzt eQf ;'ljwf glbPsf] cj:yfdfdfq ;f]pk/ hfg kfpg]df ;f]sf] ljk/Lt>d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @%-!_-@_ adf]lhdbfjL g} ug{ gkfpg] cj:yfdf ljkIfLx¿sf]lgj]bg lnO{ >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/n] untcfwf/ k|df0f / >d P]gsf] bkmf @%-!_-@_ /&(-!_-@_ k|ToIf pNn+3g x'g] u/L u/]sf]ld lt @)%# .! .@! sf ] >d sfo f {nolj/f6gu/sf] lg0f{o / pQm lg0f{opk/ k/]sf]k ' g/ fj ] bgdf >d cbfntsf ] ld lt@)^%.!).!% sf] km};nfaf6 s]xL pN6L;Dddfq u/L ePsf] km};nfaf6 d]/f] ;+j}wflgsPj+ sfg"gL xssf] pNn+3g ePsf]n] pQmxssf ] k |rngsf ] nflu cGo j}slNkspkrf/sf] af6f] gePsf]n] plNnlvt lg0f{o /km};nf pTk| ]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xssf] k|rng u/fO{kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{xf], of] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn]af6fsf] Dofb afx]s !% lbgleq lnlvthjfkm k7fpg' egL lgj]bg / cfb]zsf] PsPs k | lt k | ltlnkL ;d]t ; +nUg u/LljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf ;"rgf k7fO{ lnlvthjfkm k/]kl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.@.#)sf] cfb]z .

>d sfof{no sf]zL c~rn lj/f6gu/sf]ldlt @)^#.!.@! sf] lg0f{opk/ kg{ cfPsf]k'g/fj]bg pk/ >d sfg"g tyf Gofosf dfGol;4fGt Pj+ ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfcg'¿k km};nfePsf] xf] . pQm km};nfaf6 l/6 lgj]bssf] sfg"gLPj+ ;+j}wflgs xsdf cf3ft k'u]sf] cj:yf;d]t gx''Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+sf] lnlvthjfkm .

xfdL lnlvt hjfkm k|:t'tstf{x¿ lbh'4 d}r ôfS6«Lsf ] dhb'/ sd{rf/L /z]o/jfnf dflns klg xf} + . ljkIfL l/6lgj]bsn] !! a' Fb ] + ;Demf }tf u/L pBf]u;~rfng ug]{ tyf pxfFn] xfd|f] %!=#& k|ltztz]o/ lnFbf xfd|f] :jfldTjsf] /sd lbg] /dhb'/n] >d P]g lgodcg';f/ kfpg] tnaeQfnufotsf /sd lbg] zt{ /fvL ;Demf}tfePsf]df ;f] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd tna eQf;'ljwf lbg'sf ] ;f6f ] cbfntnfO{ ;d]tu'd/fxdf /fvL pN6} l/6 lgj]bg lbPsf] x'FbfpQm l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] sflt{s dxtf], km"n emf, 9f]sfO{d08nsf] ;+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

lb h'4 Dofr ôfS6«L -lj/f6gu/_ ln=sf zfnL/fd ;'j]bL ;d]t @^ hgf sfdbf/sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ pBf]u Joj:yfkgn]@)^@ ;fn ;fpg / ebf} dlxgfdf cjsfzlbPsf], t/ ;~rosf]if, pkbfg, ljljw afFsL/sd / cGo ;'ljwf ;d]t glbPsf] x'Fbf lbnfO{kfpFm egL >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @%-!_cg';f/ ldlt @)^@.&.!# df lgj]bg lbPsf]n];f]pk/ 5fgaLg u/L >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf@%-#_ cg';f/ sfof{non] ldlt @)^#.!.@! dflg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . k|rlnt >d P]g / lgodsf]kl/lwleq /xL lg0f{o u/]sf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg ab/efuL x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t>d sfof{no sf]zL c~rn lj/f6gu/sf] lnlvthjfkm .

cGo k|ToyL{x¿n] Dofbleq lnlvthjfkm glkm/fO{ Dofb} u'hf/L a;]sf] ldl;naf6b]lvPsf] .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdflgj]bs lb h'4 Dofr ôfS6«Lsf] tkm{af6 /xg'ePsf ljåfg clwjQmf >L vDdaxfb'/ vftLn]lb h'4 Dofr ôfS6«Lsf dhb'/x¿sf] gfddf

12911291129112911291


/x]sf]] %!=#& k|ltzt z]o/ d]/f] kIf ;'/]Gb|nfn ;'jfnn] v/Lb ug]{ / ̂ ofS6«L ;~rfngsf]nflu ljleGg !# j6f j'Fbfx¿ /fvL ldlt@)^!.!).@& df b'j} kIfjLr s/f/ ul/Psf]xf] . a'Fbf g+= % df ˆofS6«Lsf] nflu cfjZosgePsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s|dzM cjsfz lbg]/ cjsfzkZrft\ k|fKt ug]{ Psd'i6 /sdˆofS6«Lsf] cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] g/x]sf] x'FbftTsfnnfO{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Ln] axfn /x]sf]cj:yfdf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] kfl/>ldssf] @)k|ltzt /sd lghsf] ;Dk"0f{ lx;fa r'Qmfgx'~h]n;Ddsf] nflu k|bfg u/L # jif{leqe'QmfgL ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] / sDkgLsf]tkm{jf6 cGo afFsL lx;fa lstfa lghx¿nfO{lbg'kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t geP g/x]sf] k|i6 5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf b'j} kIfn] cIf/;M kfng ug]{;Demf }tf / ;xdltljk/Lt ljkIfLx¿n]kfl/>lds ;]jf ;'ljwf h] h'g k|fKt ug'{kg]{xf] ;f] ;d]t k|fKt u/L ;s]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM;Demf}tf kqljk/Lt x'g] u/L pBf]u Joj:yfkgkIfn] @) k|ltzt eQf ;'ljwf glbPsf]cj:yfdf dfq ;f]pk/ hfg kfpg]df ;f]sf]ljk/Lt >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @%-!_-@_adf]lhd bfjL g} ug{ gkfpg] cj:yfdfljkIfLx¿sf] lgj]bg lnO{ >d sfof {nolj/f6gu/n] unt cfwf/ k|df0f / >d P]gsf]bkmf @%-!_-@_ / &(-!_-@_ sf] k|ToIf pNn+3gx'g] u/L u/]sf] ldlt @)%#.!.@! sf] >dsfof{no lj/f6gu/sf] lg0f{o / pQm lg0f{opk/k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf >d cbfntsf] ldlt@)^%.!).!% sf] km};nfaf6 d]/f] ;+j}wflgsPj+ sfg"gL xssf] pNn+3g ePsf]n] pQm lg0f{o/ km};nf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g'k5{egL ax; ug'{{eof] .

k|ToyL{ >d cbfnt ;d]tsf] tkm{af6/xg' ePsf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf;x–GofoflwjQmf >L ljgf]bs'df/ kf]v/]nn]

Joj:yfkg kIfn] kfpg] ;'ljwf dhb'/nfO{k|Tofe"lt gu/fPdf dhb'/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] >dP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @% sf] -!_ adf]lhd >dsfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] / ;f] bkmfadf]lhd>d sfof {noaf6 lg0 f {o x 'g ] sfg "g LJoj:yfadf]lhd g} clwsf/ / st{Jo u|x0fu/L >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/af6 lg0f{o ePsf]5 . pQm lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'emfO{ Joj:yfkgkIfn] P]= P]gsf] bkmf ̂ ) adf]lhd >d cbfntsf7df8f}+df k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] x'Fbf tx–txaf6sfg"gadf]lhd k|fKt If]qflwsf/ u|x0f u/LePsf] lg0f{oaf6 lgj]bssf] s'g} klg clwsf/dfcf3ft k'u]sf] 5}g . ldlt @)^!.!).@& dful/Psf] ;Demf}tf sfuhdf pNn]v ul/Psfk|fjwfgx¿ >d P]g, @)$* åf/f k|Tofe"ltePsf clwsf/x¿ lgoGq0f ug]{ u/L /flvPsf]x'Fbf s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf !# adf]lhdab/ x'g] s/f/sf ?kdf /x]sf] x'Fbf To:tf]k|fjwfgnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ k|:t't ePsf] lgj]bglhsL/ :jfefjtM dfGg ldNb}g . t;y{ xr'jflsl;daf6 :ki6 dfubfjL ;d]t g/x]sf] l/6lgj]bgdf sfg"gadf]lhd ul7t lgsfo cyf{t\>d sfof{non] sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ u/]sf]lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'emL >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+dfk'g/fj]bg k/L km };nf ;d]t e} ;s]sf ]cj:yfaf6 lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lnsxsdf cf3ft ePsf] dfGg ldNg] cj:yfgePsf]n] l/6 vf/]h x'g'k5{ egL ug'{ePsf]ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

b'j}kIfsf] tkm{af6 k|Zt't ePsf] ax; ;d]t;'gL cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpg tfl/v tf]lsPsf] k|:t'td'2fdf kIf ljkIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] k|:t'tug'{ ePsf] pk/f]Qm ts{k"0f{ ax; lhsL/ dgg u/Lk]z ePsf] lnlvt ax;gf]6 tyf >d cbfnt tyf>d sfof{no sf]zL lj/f6gu/sf] ldl;n sfuhftcWoog u/L x]bf{ k|d'v ?kdf lgDg k|Zgx¿dfs]lGb|t /xL lg0f{o lg?k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvof]M

12921292129212921292


-!_ cjsfz k|fKt dhb'/sf] lgj]bg u|x0f ug]{clwsf/ >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/nfO{ 5ls 5}g <

-@_ lb h'4 Dofr ˆofS6«Lsf] %!=#& k|ltztz]o/ u|x0f u/L ;~rflnt eO{ cfPsf]ˆofS6«LnfO{ dhb'/ sd{rf/L sDkgLaf6 ldlt@)^!.!).@& df s/f/ u/L lgj]bs;'/]Gb|nfn ;'jfnnfO{ x:tfGt0f u/]sf]kqaf6 dhb'/sf] sfg"gL xs lgoGq0f x'g;Sb5 ls ;Sb}g <

-#_ >d P]g, @)$* åf/f k|Tofe"lt ePsf]clwsf/ ldlt @)^!.!).@& df ePsf]s/f/åf/f lgoGq0f jf lgliqmo ug{ ;lsG5ls ;lsFb}g <

-$_ ;'/]Gb|nfn ;'jfnn] ;~rfng lhDdflnPkl5 cjsfz ePsf dhb'/x¿n] >dP]gåf/f k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] tna nufotcGo ;'ljwf ;d]t dfu ug]{ clwsf/sfg"gtM /fVb5g ls /fVb}gg\ <

-%_ lb h'4 Dofr ̂ ofS6«L lj/f6gu/df sfo{/tdhb'/x¿n] kfpg' kg] { kfl/>ldsnufotsf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf >d P]g,@)$* n] s] s:tf] sfg"gL clwsf/x¿k|bfg u/]sf] 5 <

-^_ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf &( k|:t'tljjfbsf] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt 5 ls 5}g <

-&_ >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/ tyf >d cbfntsf7df8f}F ;d]taf6 ePsf] km};nfpk/pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{cj:yf 5 ls 5}g <

@= klxnf] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, l/6lgj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf lhs/Laf6 ldlt@)^!.!).@& sf] Joj:yfkg x:tfGt/0f;DaGwLs/f/ sfuhaf6 Joj:yfkg lhDdf lnO{ sfdub}{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf cjsfz lbOPsf dhb'/sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ dfu cg';f/sf] /sd lbg' gkg]{

egL lhsL/ lnPsf] kfOG5 . o; cj:yfdfJoj:yfkg kIfaf6 dhb'/x¿n] kfpg] ;'ljwfpgLx¿nfO { k |Tofe" lt gu/fPdf dhb'/sd{rf/Lx¿n] >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @% sf]-!_ adf]lhd >d sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] /;f] bkmfadf]lhd >d sfof{noaf6 lg0f{o x'g]sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd g} clwsf/ / st{Jou|x0f u/L >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/af6 lg0f{oePsf] 5 . pQm lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'emfO{Joj:yfkg kIfn] P]= P]gsf] bkmf ^) adf]lhd>d cbfnt sf7df8f}+df k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]df pQmcbfntn] xhf{gf ;d]t e/fpg' kg]{ u/L ePsf]z'? lg0f{o s]xL pN6L u/L dhb'/ sd{rf/Ln]kfpg' kg]{ kfl/>ldssf] ;DaGwdf z'? lg0f{o;b/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .

#= tx–txaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd k|fKtIf]qflwsf/ u|x0f u/L ePsf] lg0f{oaf6 lgj]bssf]s'g} klg clwsf/df cf3ft k'u]sf] 5}g . To;dfklg >d sfof{no Pj+ >d cbfntn] k|:t'tljjfbsf] ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ u|x0fub}{gg\ egL lgj]bssf] l/6 lgj]bgdf lhsL/;d]t /x]sf] 5}g . t;y{ tt\tt\ lgsfoaf6ePsf lg0f{o / km};nf sfg"g;Ddt /x]sf]dfGg'kg]{ g} b]lvof] .

$= bf];|f] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf,{ lgj]bs;'/]Gb|nfn ;'jfn / dhb'/ sd{rf/L sDkgLaLrePsf] x:tfGt/0f sfuhaf6 dhb'/sf] sfg"gLxs lgoGq0f x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5}g .dhb'/sf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf ePsf]sfg"gL Joj:yf ;DaGwdf dfly plNnlvt -v_df ljjr]gf ul/;lsPsf] 5 . tyflk l/6lgj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ldlt @)^!.!).@&sf] ;xdlt kqsf] a'Fbf g+= % df lgDgadf]lhdsf]Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 M–

!= cfjZostf eGbf a9L / c;Qm sfdbf/nfO{km}S6«Lsf] xfnsf] lgodcg';f/ cjsfz lbg] .

12931293129312931293


@= cjsfz kfPsf sfdbf/ sd{rf/LnfO{lghn] xfn vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] kfl/>ldssf]@) k|ltzt /sd lghsf] ;Dk"0f{ lx;far'Stf gx'~h]n;Dd eQf :j?k pknAwu/fpg] . sf/vfgf ;~rfng ePkl5Ifdtf cg';f/ cjsfz lbg] a9Ldf #jif{;Dd k"/f ug]{ .

#= :j]lR5s /fhLgfdf lbg] JolQmx¿sf]/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug]{ gug]{ clwsf/Joj:yfkgdf /xg]5 . :jLs[t ePdf lx;falbg] k|lqmof lghx¿ ;/xg} /xg] 5 .

%= plNnlvt Joj:yfaf6 sf/vfgfdfsfo{/t dhb'/x¿n] kfpg] kfl/>ldsnufotsf;'ljwfx¿ gkfpg] egL slx+ st} pNn]v ePsf]b]lvFb}g . To;df klg pQm ;xdlt b:tfj]hsf]k|:tfj g+= @ df xfn;Dd o; km}S6«Ln] axg ug'{k/]sf] sDkgLsf] d"n clen]vdf lgodadf]lhdpNn]v ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj h'4 Dofr km}S6«Ln]g} Joxf]g'{ kg]{ 5 / cg's"n Joj:yfcg';f/ e'QmfgLub}{ a9Ldf rf/ jif{ ;Dd r'Qmf ug]{ egL pNn]vePsf] kfOG5 . t;y{ a'Fbf g+= @ Pj+ % sfJoj:yfx¿nfO{ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @@ sf]bfloTj;DaGwL Joj:yf;Fu 5'6\ofO{ x]g{ ldNg]cj:yf /xFb}g . ctM ldlt @)^!.!).@& ut]sflbg lgj]bsnfO{ :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ug]{ u/LePsf] sfuhn] dhb'/sf] sfg"gL xs lgoGq0fx'g] cj:yf /x]sf] dfGg ldNg] b]lvPg .

^= t];|f] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf * df sf/vfgfsf] :jfldTjdfePsf] kl/jt{gn] To:tf] sf/vfgfdf sfo{/tsd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf / zt{df k|lts"n c;/ kfl/Psf]dflgg] 5}g egL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/Lbkmf @@ df k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln]kfpg] kfl/>lds, eQf / ;'ljwf lbg] bfloTj;DalGwt Joj:yfkssf] x'g]5 egL Joj:yfksdfly sfg"gL st{Jo tf]lsPsf] kfOG5 . sfdbf/n]

kfpg] kfl/>ldssf] ;Gbe{df P] P]gsf] kl/R5]b\$ Pj+ >d lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] kl/R5]b # dfpNn]v eO{ sfdbf/ >ldsx¿n] kfl/>lds,Ifltk"lt{, pkbfg, ;~rosf]if Pj+ cf}iflwpkrf/nufotsf ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ u/L sfg"gLclwsf/x¿ k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] 5 .

&= o;/L sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt clwsf/sf];DaGwdf Joj:yfkg x:tfGt/0f ePs} gftfaf6jf Joj:yfkg x:tfGt/0f ubf{ ul/Psf] ldlt@)^!.!).@& sf] s/f/ sfuhaf6 pGd'lQm x'g]cj:yf /xFb}g . ldlt @)^!.!).@& df C0fLsf]?kdf sfuh ug]{ lbjfs/ 7fs'/ nufotsf P3f/hgf dhb'/ afx]s cGo dhb'/sf] xsdf sfg"gLclwsf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ clwsf/ oL C0fLx¿dfsfg"gtM k|Tofe"lt ePsf] dfGg ;ls+b}g . ldlt@)^!.!).@& df ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf sfuhdfpNn]v ul/Psf >d P]g, @)$* åf/f k|Tofe"ltePsf clwsf/x¿ lgoGq0f ug]{ u/L /flvPsfk|fjwfgx¿ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf !# adf]lhdab/ x'g] s/f/sf ?kdf /x]sf] dfGg'kg]{ x'FbfTo:tf] ab/of]Uo k|fjwfgnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ k|:t'tePsf] lgj]bgnfO{ df}lns xs xgg\ ePsf] egL:jfefljs ?kdf u|x0f ug{ ldn]g .

*= rf}yf] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, ;'/]Gb|nfn;'jfnn] ldlt @)^!.!).@& sf] sfuhaf6 lbh'4 Dofr km}S6«L Joj:yfkg ;d]t lhDdf lnPkl5ToxfF sfo{/t dhb'/x¿sf] ;DaGwdf >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf * n] :jfldTjdf ePsf] kl/jt{gn]sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf / zt{df k|lts"nc;/ kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g egL pNn]v ub}{ bkmf@@ n] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] kfl/>ldseQf / ;'ljwf lbg] bfloTj ;DalGwt Joj:yfkssf]x'g] 5 egL Joj:yf u/]sf]af6 ;'/]Gb|nfn ;'jfnn]Joj:yfkg lhDdf lnO{;s]kl5 kfl/>ldsnufotsf] bfloTj k"/f ug]{ st{Jo lghpk/ /x]sf]5 . kfpg'kg]{ kfl/>ldsnufotsf sfg"gåf/flgwf{/0f ;'ljwfx¿ dfu ug]{ sfg"gL clwsf/

12941294129412941294


dhb'/df /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;df klg sDkgLnfO{sfdbf/ cfjZos gePsf] egL cfkm}n] cjsfzg}+lbO{;s]kl5 lghx¿nfO{ e'Qmfg ug'{kg]{ bfloTjaf6s'g} klg axfgfdf kG5g ldNg] x'Fb}g .

(= kfFrf}+ k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, >d P]g,@)$* sf] kl/R5]b\ $ df sf/vfgfdf sfo{/tsfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx¿n] k|fKt ug]{ kfl/>lds,dxuL eQf / ;'ljwfsf] ;Gbe{df Joj:yf ul/Psf]kfO{G5 . pQm kl/R5]bsf] bkmf @!s df jflif{stna j[l4 / bkmf @@ df kfl/>lds eQf /;'ljwfsf] e'QmfgL lbg] bfloTj ;DalGwtJoj:yfkssf] x'g] eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}bkmf @$ df nfu]sf] h/Ljfgf, u}/xfhL/, gf]S;fgL,;'ljwf lbPafkt s§L ug'{kg]{ /sd, k]ZsL jf a9Lkfl/>lds lbPsf]df, lgnDag ePsf] cjlwafktsf]s§L /sd, cfos/ jf c? s'g} s/, c•f jfcbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd s§L ug'{kg]{ /sd jfx]scGo s'g} klg /sd kfl/>ldsaf6 s§L ug{ k|ltaGwul/Psf] kfOG5 . k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd s§L ug'{k/]df plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfljk/Lt P]gsf]bkmf @@ adf]lhd kfl/>lds eQf / ;'ljwf lbg]bfloTj tf]lsPsf] Joj:yfksn] kfl/>ldsnufotsf;'ljwf s§L ug{ ldNg] b]lv+b}g .

!)= 5}7f}+ k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf &( sf] ljifo sf/vfgf ;~rfngxF'bfx'Fb}sf] cj:yfdf ljjfb l;h{gf eO{ ljjfb;dfwfg ug{ ePsf] ;Demf}tf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf]/ pQm bkmfdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L tyfJoj:yfkssf] aLrdf pTkGg ljjfbsf] 6'Ëf]nufpg ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf ;DalGwt kIfsf] lgldQsfg"g ;/x dflgg] 5 / ;f] ;Demf}tf >dsfof{nodf btf{ ug'{kg]{ 5 eGg] pNn]v u/]sf]kfOG5 . k|:t't ;Demf}tf ljjfb g} geO{ sf/vfgf;'rf? ug] { ;DaGwdf ePsf] :jfldTj /Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ePsf]n] lgoldt?kdf cjsfz kfPsf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;f];Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g ;Sg] b]lvPg .

!!= ;ftf } + k |Zgtkm { ljrf/ ubf {,sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/ sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]kfl/>ldsnufotsf ;'ljwfx¿ sfg"gL clwsf/sf]?kdf /x]sf]df ljjfb ePg . dhb'/x¿sf] pQmclwsf/ lghx¿ sfo{/t sf/vfgfsf] Joj:yfkgkIfn] k|Tofe"lt gu/]df >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf @% adf]lhd pkrf/ vf]Hg] clwsf/lghx¿df /x]sf] / pkrf/fy{ kg{ cfPsf] ph"/LPj+ lgj]bgu|x0f u/L ;DalGwt >d sfof{no,sf]zL c~rn, lj/f6gu/ Pj+ >d cbfntsf7df8f } Faf6 ePsf lg0f {o Pj+ km };nfsfg"gadf]lhd g} ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ b]lvof] . lgj]bsn];f] lgoldt pkrf/sf] dfu{ cjnDag ul/;s]sf]/ ;f] ;DaGwdf pQm km};nfaf6 s] s'g ;+j}wflgsclwsf/ pNn+3g eof] egL v'Nffpg ;d]t ;s]sf]kfOPg . t;y{ xr'jf lsl;daf6 :ki6 dfubfjL;d]t g/x]sf] cj:yfdf sfg"gadf]lhd ul7t;DalGwt lgsfo cyf{t\ >d sfof{non] sfg"gsf]/Lt k'¥ofO{ u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'emL >dcbfnt sf7df8f}+df k'g/fj]bg k/L km};nf ;d]te};s]sf] cj:yfaf6 lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfg k|bQdf}lns xsdf cf3ft ePsf] dfGg ldNg] cj:yfb]lvPg .

!@= ctM dfly plNnlvt cfwf/sf/0fx¿af6 >d sfof{no lj/f6gu/af6 ldlt@)^#.!.@! df ePsf] lg0f{o Pj+ >d cbfntsf7df8f}+af6 ldlt @)^%.!).!% df ePsf]km};nfaf6 lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfgk|bQ s'g} klgdf}lns xs clwsf/df cf3ft k/]sf] gb]lv+bfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nuts§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ebf} @$ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM O{Zj/ k/fh'nL

&&&&&

12951295129512951295

***) - 6+sk|;fb n'O{6]n lj=dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ ;d]t

lg0f{o g+= ***) lg0f{o g+= ***) lg0f{o g+= ***) lg0f{o g+= ***) lg0f{o g+= ***)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{)^(-WH-)))(

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.^.@*.!

ljifo M– aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f .

lgj]bsM ;Kt/L lhNnf, /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfj8f g+= $ :yfoL 3/ eO{ emfkfdf 3/ef8fdf lnO{ a:b} cfpg' ePsf xfndxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ sfof{no, xg'dfg9f]sfdf y'gfdf /x]sf j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ /sNkgf s0f{sf] xsdf lghsf] ;DwL gftfkg]{ ef]hk'/ lhNnf, n]vs ufpF ljsf;;ldlt j8f g+= $ a:g] 6+sk|;fb n'O{6]n

lj?4ljkIfLM dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ ;d]t

§ kqmfp ubf {sf ] cj:yfsf ] y 'gfsfg"gljk/Lt eP klg aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g]÷ gx'g] ;DaGwdf ;'g'jfO{ePsf] cj:yfdf y'lgPsf JolQmx¿sf]y'gf j}w /x]sf] b]lvPdf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g g;Sg] .

§ u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf y'lgPsf] cj:yfdf o:tf]cj:yf 7x¥of] eg] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{sf/jfxL x'g] / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] ;d]tsfcj:yf j ] Un } x 'g \ . tL cfhaGbLk|ToIfLs/0f hf/L ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg];Gbe{df ljrf/0fLo x'g g;Sg] .

§ cbfntsf] cfb]zåf/f y'lgPsf] cj:yfnfO{Goflos lx/f;t dfGg' kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

lgj]bssf tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf zflns/fdcfrfo{

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bkf]v/]n

cjnlDat ghL/M §g]sfk @)$(, a}zfv, lg=g+= $$%), k[= #!;Da4 sfg"gM§ c=a+= !!*-@_

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ Pjd\ wf/f !)&-@_adf]lhd o; cbfntdf kg{ cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pjd\ cfb]z lgDgfg';f//x]sf] 5 M–

d l/6 lgj]bssf] ;DwL ;lDwgL gftfkg]{ j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{ ;Kt/LlhNnf /fhlj/fhdf :yfoL 3/ eO{ emfkf lhNnfsf]eb|k'/df 3/ ef8fdf lnO{ a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ldlt @)^(.)#.@& ut] ;fFemsf];dodf lghnfO{ k|x/Ln] a:b} cfPsf] 7fpFeb|k'/af6 kqmL NofPsf] /x]5 . ;f] s'/fsf]hfgsf/L cGo cfkmGtx¿n] ;d]t emfkflhNnfsf ;a}h;f] k|x/L sfof{nodf a'‰b} hfFbfxfdLn] kqm]sf] 5}g eGg] hjfkm kfPkl5 vf]Hb}hfg] qmddf lghx¿nfO{ sf7df8f}F dxfgu/Lok|x/L kl/;/sf] sfof{no, xg'dfg 9f]sfdf y'gfdf/fv]sf] s'/f d}n] yfxf kfPF . k|x/L kl/;/x'g'dfg 9f]sfdf s] s'g sf/0fn] pxfFx¿nfO{kqm]sf] egL a'‰bf ljkIfL o'j/fh l3ld/] /s'df/ s]=;L= sf] ph"/L hfx]/Ln] s]xL ;fj{hlgsck/fw u/]sf] s;"/df kqm]sf] xf], lghx¿nfO{xfn lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 Dofb yk eO{y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] s'/f dnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOof] .d lgj]bs ldlt @)^(.$.!& ut] lghx¿ b'j}hgfnfO{ e]6\g k|x/L kl/;/, xg'dfg 9f]sfdfhfFbf cfkm"x¿n] s'g} lsl;dsf] s;"/ ck/fw

12961296129612961296


gu/]sf], s'df/ s]=;L= / xfdLx¿sf aLrdfdf]/Ë lhNnf cbfntdf ufnL a]OHhtL d'2frln/x]sf]n] pQm l/;OjL ;fWg cGo ljkIfLx¿;d]tsf] ;fy ;xof]un] dnfO{ kqmL u}/sfg"gL¿kdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] xf] eGg] hfgsf/L lghx¿n]dnfO{ atfpg' eof] . ljkIfL dxfgu/Lo k|x/Lkl/;/sf] sfof{non] ljkIfL s'df/ s]=;L /o'j/fh l3ld/]sf] JolQmut kx'Frsf] cfwf/dflgh ljkIfLx¿ o'j/fh l3ld/] / s'df/ s]=;L=n] /sd lbPsf] d]/f] ;DwL ;lDwgL j}Bgfyk|;fbs0f{ / sNkgf s0f{n] /sd lnPsf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf]u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf sfuhx¿ n]vfO{ 8/ wfsqf; b]vfO{ lghx¿nfO{ hj/\h:tL ;lx5fkug{ bjfj lbO/x]sf] eGg] s'/f ;d]t dnfO{;DwL ;lDwgLn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] 5 .

ljkIfL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfpkl:yt u/fpFbf d]/f] ;DwL ;lDwgLn] plNnlvtJoxf]/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFbf u/fpFb} klg ljkIfLlhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] pQm u}/sfg"gLsfdsf/jfxLnfO{ ;dy{g x'g] u/L y'gfdf /fVgDofb yk u/L u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf k7fPsf]n]lghx¿nfO{ df/kL6 u/L ljkIfL k|x/L kl/;/sf];xof]udf ljkIfLx¿ s'df/ s]=;L= / o'j/fhl3ld/]n] cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] sfuhx¿ v8f u/LNofKr] ;lx5fk ug{ nufO{ em"7f d'2fdf km;fO{nfdf] ;do;Dd y'gfdf /fVg] k|of; ul//x]sf]s'/f :ki6 x'g uPsf] 5 . lghx¿nfO{ emfkfeb|k'/sf] 3/ 8]/faf6 kqmp ul/Psf] xf] . lghx¿n]s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw / ;hfo P]g, @)@&cGtu{tsf] s'g} klg s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf] cj:yf5}g . ljkIfL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] cfˆgf]OnfsfeGbf aflx/ zflGtk"0f{ ¿kn] a;f]jf;ul//x]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ kqmfp u/L ljgfsf/0f;fj{hlgs ck/fw d'2f bfo/ u/L sf/jfxL ug{sfg"gn] ldNb}g . d]/f lgh ;DwL ;lDwgLnfO{u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf ljgfjf/]G6 emfkfaf6 kqmfpu/L k|x/L kl/;/ sf7df8f} Fdf NofOPsf]

ljkIfLx¿sf] sfdsf/jfxL s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw/ ;hfo P]g, @)@& sf] k|lts"n x'g'sf] ;fy}u}/sfg"gL ePsf]n] u}/sfg"gL y'gfaf6 lghx¿nfO{d'Qm u/L kfpgsf nflu ;DdfgLt cbfntsf]z/0fdf cfPsf] 5' . ctM ljkIfLx¿sf] pQmsfdsf/jfxLaf6 lgh d]/f ;DwL j}Bgfyk|;fbs0f{ / ;lDwgL sNkgf s0f{sf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@, !#, !(, @$, @^åf/f k|bQ ;+ljwflgs xs tyf gful/s clwsf/P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf # / ^ åf/f k|bQ sfg"gLxsdf cf3ft k'Ug uPsf]n] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fnufot hf] rflxg] cf1f cfb]z k"hL{ hf/L u/Lu}/sfg"gL y'gfaf6 d'Qm u/fO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{sf]xsdf lghsf] ;DwL gftf kg]{ ef]hk'/sf 6+sk|;fbn'O{6]nn] o; cbfntdf bfo/ ug'{ ePsf] l/6lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L aGbLx¿nfO{y'gfaf6 lsg d'Qm ug'{ gkg]{ xf], y'gfaf6 d'Qmug'{ gkg]{ sf/0f eP of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsfldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s # lbgleq lnlvthjfkm k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^(.$.@# sf] cfb]z .

lgh j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{sf]xsdf s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw d'2fdf dxfgu/Lok|x/L kl/;/ xg'dfg9f]sfaf6 cg';Gwfg eO{jf/bft ldlt @)^(.$.# af6 nfu" x'g] u/L #%lbg xbDofb lbPsf] xf] . pQm cjlwdf cg';Gwfgsfo{ g;s]sf] x'Fbf ldlt @)^(.$.!) af6 nfu"x'g] u/L bf];|f] k6s & lbg / ldlt @)^(.$.!&af6 nfu" x'g] u/L t];|f] k6s & lbg Dofb ykePsf] lyof] . k|ltjfbLx¿n] ldlt @)^(.$.#ut] sf=lh=sf=d=g=kf= afg]Zj/l:yt ;fj{hlgs:yndf xf]xNnf u/L ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ;d]tufnLunf}h u/L czflGt km}nfPsf] eGg] k|x/Lk|ltj]bg / 7uL u/]sf] ljifodf xfdLnfO{ ;f]wk'5

12971297129712971297


ug]{ qmddf k|x/L;Fu ljjfb e} kqmfp k/]sf]eGg] k|ltjfbLx¿sf] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf ePsf]jofg ;d]tsf] cfwf/df s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw/ ;hfo P]g, @)@& sf] bkmf @-s_-h_ adf]lhdsf]s;"/df bkmf ^-!_ adf]lhd ;hfo dfubfjLlnO{ ldlt @)^(.$.@$ df cleof]u kq k]zeO{ o; sfof{nodf jofg ubf{ /fli6«o cg';Gwfgljefusf] hfuL/ nufO{ lbG5' egL 7uL u/]sf]cf/f]kdf kqmfp u/]sf] xf] egL k|ltjfbLj}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{n] jofg u/]sf] ;d]tsf]cfwf/df o; sfof{noaf6 y'g5]s cfb]z x'Fbfd'n'sL P]g c=j+= !!*-%_ adf]lhd k|ltjfbLx¿j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{af6 hgxL@&,))).– w/f}6L dfu u/]sf]df w/f}6L lbgg;sL c=j + + = !!*-*_ adf ] lhd ldlt@)^(.$.@$ df sf/fuf/ sfof{no hUugfyb]jn sf7df8f}Fdf k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf /fVgk7fOPsf] x'Fbf lgj]bsnfO{ u}/sfg"gL ¿kdfy'gfdf /fv]sf] geO{ sfg"gL ¿kdf cg';GwfgeO{ d'2f bfo/ eO{ sfg"gadf]lhd y'gfdf /x]sf]x'Fbf l/6 hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf]Og . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bs j}Bgfy s0f{ /lghsf] >LdtL sNkgf s0f{n] d]/f] lrghfgsf]dflg; /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefudf 5g\, hfuL/nufO{ lbG5' t/ k};f nfU5 egL o'j/fh Gof}kfg];d ]tsf kf Fr hgf Jo lQmx¿af6¿=@@,)),))).– /sd lnO;s]kl5 lghx¿nfO{em 'SofO { ukmntdf kf/L 7uL u/ ]sf ]n ]sfg"gadf]lhd ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]o; sfof{nodf hfx]/L kg{ cfPsf]n] lgh l/6lgj]bsx¿ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf]cfb]zn] y'gfdf /x]sf] x'Fbf y'gfaf6 lemsL jofgu/fpg cfb]z kfpmF egL n]vfk9L ePsf]dflgh b 'j }hgfn ] ldlt @)^(.$.#) ut]dfuadf]lhdsf] w/f}6L /fvL 5'6]sf]n] k|:t't

7uL d'2fdf cg';Gwfg ug{ o; kl/;/df bflvnfePsf]df lgh ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsx¿ dWo]j}Bgfy s0f{sf] jofg ug]{;Ddsf] cg';Gwfgsfo{ ePsf], csf{ ljkIfL sNkgf s0f{sf] jofgsfo{nufotsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{ afFsL x'Fbf ;/sf/Ld'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !%-@_ adf]lhdldlt @)^(.$.#) ut]af6 nfu" x'g] u/L k|x/Llx/f;tdf /fVg] cg'dlt kfpmF egL sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfnt;dIf ldl;n k]z u/L P]= sf]bkmf !%-$_ adf]lhd k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fVg]cg'dlt k|bfg eO{ k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fvLcg';Gwfg sfo{ hf/L g} /x]sf] 5 . k|:t't 7uLd'2fdf cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ u/Lem"7f Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L o; kl/;/ ;d]tnfO{ljkIfL agfO{ lbg' ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg ab/efuLePsf]n] vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ sfof{no, xg'dfg 9f]sfsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdflgj]bssf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >Lzflns/fd cfrfo{n] k|:t't d'2fdf u}/sfg"gL¿kdf /flvPsf j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{emfkf eb|k'/df a:b} cfpg ePsf]df lghx¿nfO{ldlt @)^(.#.@& ut] ;fFem k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf]xf] . lghx¿sf] vf]htnf; ub}{ hfFbf u}/sfg"gL¿kdf y'lgPsf JolQmx¿sf ;DwL oL lgj]bsn]lghx¿nfO{ dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ sfof{no,xg'dfg 9f]sfdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] cj:yfdf km]nfkfg'{ ePsf] xf] . ljkIfL s'df/ s]=;L= / o'j/fhl3ld/]sf] JolQmut kx'Frsf] cfwf/df lghx¿n]/sd lnPsf] eGg] u}/sfg"gL sfuh u/fOPsf]5 . ljkIfL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] cfˆgf]If]qflwsf/ aflx/ uO{ ;fj{hlgs ck/fwsf] d'2fdfy'Ggsf] nflu Dofb yk ug]{ / y'g5]s ug]{ sfo{;d]t u/]sf] 5 . oL lgj]bssf ;DwL ;lDwgLn]s]xL ;fj{hlgs -ck/fw / ;hfo_ P]g, @)@& n]

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lgif]w u/]sf] s'g} klg sfo{ ug{' ePsf] 5}g .s;};Fu n]gb]g u/]sf] jf ePsf] eGg] sfuhhjh{:tL agfPsf] cfwf/df j}olQms :jtGqtfckx/0f ug{ gkfOg] ;+j}wflgs ;+/If0f ePsf]cj:yfdf oL y'lgPsf JolQmx¿sf] y'gf :jtMu}/sfg"gL 5 . emfkfdf kqmfp ul/Psf JolQmnfO{sf7df8f}F NofO{ xg'dfg 9f]sfdf y'gfdf /fvLhjh{:tL sfuh ug{ nufO{ ;fj{hlgs ck/fw /7uL d'2f v8f u/]sf] cfwf/df j}olQms:jtGqtfaf6 al~rt ug] { xf ] eg] Gofok|0ffnLk|ltsf] ljZjf; /xFb}g . kqFmbfsf] cj:yfsf]kqmfp g} cj}w 5 . sfg"gsf] plrt k|lqmofsf]kfngf ul/Psf] 5}g . kqmfp ul/;s]kl5 k/]sf]hfx]/Lsf] cfwf/df v8f ul/Psf] 7uL d'2fk|fof]lht h:tf] ePsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf oLy'lgPsf JolQmx¿sf] y'gf u}/sfg"gL tyf;+ljwfgn] ;'/lIft u/]sf] :jtGqtfsf] xsljk/LtePsf]n] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/Llghx¿nfO{ y'gf d'Qm ug'{kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax;lhsL/ k|:t't ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL tkm {af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L ljgf]b kf]v/]nn] y'gfdf /x]sfj}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{n] /fli6«ocg';Gwfg ljefudf hfuL/ nufO{ lbg] egL ljleGgJolQmx¿af6 /sd c;"nL 7uL u/]sf]n] sf/jfxLul/kfpFm egL kLl8tsf] hfx]/L k/]sf]n] cg';Gwfgu/L lghx¿ pk/ sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntdf7uL d'2fsf] cleof]u kq bfo/ eO{ ;f] cbfntaf6ldlt @)^(.%.@* df y'g5]s cfb]z x'Fbf k|ltjfbLj}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{nfO{ c=j++= !!*-@_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg] cfb]z ePsf]n] oLJolQmx¿sf] y'gfnfO{ u}/sfg"gL y'gf eGg ldNb}g .pQm cfb]zpk/ c=j++= !& g+= adf]lhd a]l/tsf]cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gdf k/]sf] lgj]bgdf ;f] cbfntaf6 z'¿sf]y'g5]s cfb]znfO{ g} ;b/ ug]{ u/L cfb]z ;d]tePsf] 5 . 7uL d'2f bfo/ x'g'k"j{ oL JolQmx¿nfO{

;fj{hlgs ck/fwsf] d'2fdf y'gfdf /flvPsf]b]lvG5 . o; ;DaGwdf cDa/axfb'/ u'¿Ë lj¿4lq=lj= eG;f/ sfof{no ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfk|ltkflbt l;4fGtcg';f/ lghx¿ xfnsf] y'gfj}w ePkl5 dfuadf]lhdsf] jGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g;Sg] cj:yf gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g'k5{ eGg] ;d]t ax; lhsL/ k|:t'tug'{eof] .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ldl;n cWoogu/L b'j} kIfaf6 k|:t't ePsf ax; lhsL/;d]t ;'gL ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdflg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ j}Bgfyk|;fbs0f{ / sNkgf s0f{ emfkf lhNnfsf] eb|k'/dfa;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf] cj:yfdf lghx¿nfO{ ldlt@)^(.)#.@& df eb|k'/af6 kqmfp ul/Psf]n]lghx¿nfO{ vf]Hb} hfg] qmddf sf7df8f} Fdxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/sf] sfof{no, xg'dfg9f]sfdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] kfOof] . lghx¿nfO{ lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 Dofb yk eO{ y'gfdf /fv]sf]eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fOof] . lghx¿ b'j} hgfnfO{e]6\g hfFbf cfkm"x¿n] s'g} lsl;dsf] s;"/ ck/fwgu/]sf], s'df/ s]=;L= / xfdLx¿sf aLrdf df]/ËlhNnf cbfntdf ufnL a]OHhtL d'2f rln/x]sf]n]pQm l/;OjL ;fWg dnfO{ kqmL y'gfdf /fv]sf] xf]eGg] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . ljkIfLx¿ o'j/fhl3ld/] / s'df/ s]=;L= n] /sd lbPsf] lghx¿n]/sd lnPsf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] u}/sfg"gL ¿kdfsfuhx¿ n]vfO{ 8/ wfs qf; b]vfO{ lghx¿nfO{hah{:tL ;lx5fk ug{ bjfj lbO/x]sf] eGg] s'/f;d]t lghx¿n] hfgsf/L u/fpFbfu/fpFb} klglhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] Dofb yk u/L u}/sfg"gLy'gfdf k7fPsf] 5 . lghx¿nfO{ u}/sfg"gL ¿kdfljgfjf/]G6 emfkfaf6 kqmfp u/L k|x/L kl/;/sf7df8f}Fdf NofO{ u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /flvPsf]n]y'gfaf6 d'Qm ug{ aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L

12991299129912991299


x'g' kb{5 eGg] d'Vo l/6 lgj]bg bfjL /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

#= j}Bgfyk|;fb s0f{ / sNkgf s0f{n]/fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefudf hfuL/ nufO{ lbG5'egL o'j/fh Gof}kfg] ;d]tsf kfFr hgfJolQmx¿af6 ¿=@@,)),))).– /sd lnO{ 7uLu/]sf]n] sfg"gadf]lhd ul/kfpFm egL hfx]/Lkg{ cfPsf] / lghx¿ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf7df8f } Fsf ] cfb ]zn] y'gfdf /xL ldlt@)^(.$.#) ut] dfuadf]lhdsf] w/f}6L /fvL5'6]sf]n] k|:t't 7uL d'2fdf cg';Gwfg ug{ o;kl/;/df bflvnf ePsf]df cg';Gwfg sfo{ afFsLx'Fbf ldlt @)^(.$.#) ut]af6 nfu" x'g] u/Lk|x/L lx/f;tdf /fVg] cg'dlt dfu u/L sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntaf6 k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fVg] cg'dltk|bfg eO{ k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fvL cg';Gwfgsfo{ hf/L /x]sf]n] eGg] ljkIfLsf] lnlvt hjfkm/x]sf] 5 .

$= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf/flvPsf] egL lhsL/ lnOPsf j}Bgfy s0f{ /sNkgf s0f{pk/ sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntdf 7uLd'2f bfo/ eO{ sf/jfxL/t\ cj:yfdf /x]sf]b]lvG5 . pQm d'2fdf ;f] cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^(.%.@* df y'g5]s cfb]z x' Fbf oLk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ kl5 k|df0f a'‰b} hf Fbf7x/]adf]lhd x'g] u/L c=j+= !!* g+= sf] b]xfo @adf]lhd y'gfdf /fvL k'k{If ug'{ egL cfb]zePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm cfb]zpk/ k/]sf] c=j++= !&g+= adf]lhdsf] lgj]bgdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gn];f] cfb]znfO{ ;b/ ug]{ u/L cfb]z u/]sf] b]lvgcfpF5 . o;af6 oL JolQmx¿sf] y'gf cbfntaf6d'2fsf ] sf/jfxLsf ] l;nl;nfdf ePsf ]cfb]zadf]lhdsf] b]lvg cfof] .

%= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf oL y'lgPsfJolQmx¿sf] kqmfp sfg"gljk/Lt /x]sf], lghx¿n];fj{hlgs ck/fw gu/]sf] cj:yfdf lghx¿pk/ sfg"gljk/Lt d'2f bfo/ ul/Psf], eb|k'/

emfkfdf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ ;f]xL 7fpFdfkqmfp u/L sf7df8f}F NofO{ lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no sf7df8f}Fn] s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fwd'2fdf y'g5]s / sf/jfxL u/]sf] u}/sfg"gLePsf]n] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x''g'k5{egL lhsL/ lnPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lhsL/tkm{ljrf/ ubf{ kqmfp ubf{sf] cj:yfsf] y'gfsfg"gljk/Lt eP klg aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g]÷gx'g] ;DaGwdf ;'g'jfO{ ePsf]cj:yfdf y'lgPsf JolQmx¿sf] y'gf j}w /x]sf]b]lvPdf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g;Sg]b]lvg cfpFb}g . klxn] u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf y'lgPsf]cj:yfdf o:tf] cj:yf 7x¥of] eg] ;DalGwtsd{rf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL x'g] / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg];d ]tsf cj:yf j ] Un } x 'g \ . tL cfhaGbLk|ToIfLs/0f hf/L ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg] ;Gbe{dfljrf/0fLo x'g ;Sb}gg\ . cbfntsf] cfb]zåf/fy'lgPsf] cj:yfnfO{ Goflos lx/f;t dfGg'kb{5 . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf c=a+= !!*-@_ sf]k|of]u u/L lhNnf tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntn]u/]sf y'g5]s cfb]zsf] /Lt j]/Lt k/LIf0f ug{;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . lgj]bsn] oL cfbz]nfO{r'gf}tL lbP/ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf]xf]Og . lgj]bsx¿nfO{ emfkfaf6 sf7df8f}FdfNofO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf]cfb]zfg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ck/fwsf] cleof]udfy'gfdf /flvg] sf/jfxLsf] k/LIf0f u/L s'g}cfb]z hf/L u/]/ 7uL d'2fdf cbfntx¿af6ePsf cfb]z ab/ ug{ ;lsFb}g . cbfntn]lgik|of]lht cfb]z hf/L ub}{g .

^= o; ;Gbe{df g]sfk @)$( a}zfv,lg=g+= $$%), k[i7 #! df k|sflzt cDa/axfb'/u'¿ª lj¿4 lq=lj= ;'/Iff k|x/L uf8{ sfof{nouf}r/0f ;d]t ePsf] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f d'2fdfæh'g avtdf y'gfsf] a}wtfsf] k/LIf0f eO/x]sf]5 ;f] ;dodf y'gf sfg"gL b]lvg cfpF5 eg]aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 hf/L ug{ gldNg] .

13001300130013001300


lu/ˆtf/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf u}/sfg"gL ?kn]y'lgPsf] eP klg l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbfsfg"gadf]lhd d'2f rnfO{ cbfntsf] cfb]zfg'f;f/y'gfdf /x]sf] l:yltdf k"j{cj}wtfnfO{ cfwf/agfO{ lghpk/ cbfntdf sfg"gadf]lhdrln/x]sf] d'2fdf cg's"n jf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{u/L l/6 hf/L ug{ gldNg] . aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf];j{dfGo cy{ / p2]Zo b'j}sf] b[li6af6 k"j{cj}wtf(Past or antecedent illegality) aGbL d'lQmsf] cfwf/x'G5 egL dfGg pko'Qm gx'g]Æ egL o; cbfntaf6l;4fGt sfod ePsf] kfOG5 .

&= k|:t't d'2fdf aGbLx¿sf] xfnsf] y'gfd'2fsf] sf/jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf cbfntsf] y'g5]scfb]zadf]lhdsf] eO{ j}w b]lvPsf] / kqmfpubf{sf] cj:yfsf] lghx¿sf] y'gf cj}w xf] eGg]lhsL/ tkm{ ;f] cj}wtf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] cfwf/ x'g g;Sg] eGg] l;4fGt sfod/x]sf]n] lghx¿nfO{ kqmfp ubf{sf] cj:yfdflghx¿sf] y'gf j}w lyof]÷lyPg egL ljrf/ul//xg' kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . o;af6aGbLx¿sf] xfnsf] y'gf j}w b]lvPsfn] ;f] y'gfnfO{cGoyf u/L /xg'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg cfPg .

t;y{, plNnlvt ljj]lrt cfwf/ /sf/0faf6 l/6 lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ug'{kg]{ cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf gb]lvPsfn]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .



Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h @* ut] /f]h ! z'ed\–Ohnf; clws[t M– >Lk|sfz pk|]tL

lg0f{o g+= ***! lg0f{o g+= ***! lg0f{o g+= ***! lg0f{o g+= ***! lg0f{o g+= ***!


dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{)^%-WO-)@@!

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.^.@*.!

ljifo M pTk|]if0f÷k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM lhNnf uf]/vf, k[YjLgf/fo0f gu/kflnsfj8f g+= $ kb]nyf]s a:g] d+unaxfb'/yfkf

lj¿4ljkIfLM u[x dGqfno ;d]t

§ ljwflosfsf] ljj]scg';f/ lgdf{0f ePsf]sfg"gsf] k|of]u ;f] sfg"g lgdf{0f ubf{ljwflosfåf/f ck]Iff u/]cg'¿k g} x'g'kg]{/ ;f]sf] clGtd k/LIf0f ug]{ ;+j}wflgsbfloTj o; cbfntnfO{ k|bfg u/Lc;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q;d]tsf] ;'lglZrtJoj:yf ePsf] cj:yfdf sfg"gsf]q'l6nfO{ cgb]vf (Overlook) ug'{ dgfl;agx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ sfg"gL q'l6sf] k|Zg k'g/fj]bg kqdf jf

o; cbfntdf bfo/ ul/Psf] l/6lgj]bgdf pNn]v gu/]sf] jf gp7fOPsf]eGg] dfq cfwf/df ljz'4 sfg"gL k|Zgsfxsdf o; cbfntn] ljrf/ ug{ g;Sg]eGg gldNg] .

§ clwsf/If]q / ljlw;Ddt k|lqmofsf k|ZgtYosf geO{ sfg"gL k|Zg x'g\ . sfg"gåf/flgwf{l/t k|lqmofsf] kl/kfngf gu/L s'g}klg JolQmsf] xs ckx/0f ug{ g;lsg] .

&&&&&

13011301130113011301

***! - d+unaxfb'/ yfkf lj=u[x dGqfno ;d]t

§ lg0f{o sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t k|lqmofcg';f/gePsf] k|ydb[li6d} b]lvG5 eg] of] k|Zglgj]bsn] k'g/fj]bg kq jf l/6 lgj]bgdfpNn]v gu/]sf] eGb}df u}/sfg"gL lg0f{on]:jtM j}wtf jf sfg"g;Ddt lg0f{osf]¿k u|x0f ug{ :g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ r'gf}tL lbOPsf] lg0f{osf] k/LIf0f ubf{

ljrf/0fLo sfg"gL k|Zgsf xsdf lgj]bgdfgn]lvPsf] eGg] dfq cfwf/df ;f] k|Zgdfk|j]z ug{ ldNb}g eGg sfg"g;+ut gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmx¿ OGb| v/]n,rGb|sfGt 1jfnL / ;Gtf]if /fgf du/

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf dx]zzdf{ kf}8]n

cjnlDat ghL/M §g]sfk @)%), c;f/, lg=g+= $&)*, k[= !##;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !)&-@_§ k|x/L P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf (-$_, !!-!_§ k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod

**-ª_, *$-5_, (#-@_-v_, **-ª_

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / wf/f !)&-@_adf]lhd o; cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6sf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pjd\ cfb]z lgDgfg';f//x]sf] 5 M–

d lgj]bs ldlt @)%*.^.!% sf] g]kfn;/sf/sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/, u[xdGqfnocGtu{t ndh'Ë lhNnfsf] afx'g8fF8fk|x/L rf}sLdf lgo'lQm kfO{ cljlR5Gg ¿kdf;/sf/n] nufPsf] sfddf cg';zfl;t tj/n]

Odfgbfl/tfsf;fy sfd u/L cfPsf] Ps sd{7k|x/L hjfg x'F . sf/fuf/ zfvf slknj:t'dfcfˆgf] lgoldt 8'o"6L k"/f u/L cfPsf] l:yltdfd lgj]bsnfO{ ldlt @)^#.%.& ut] /flt !@ah]b]lv P]= * ut] laxfg # ah];Ddsf] tf}lnxjfsf]sf/fuf/sf] pQ/tkm{sf] kf]i6 g+= # df sf/fuf/;'/Iffy{ ;'/Iff uf8{sf] ¿kdf 8\o"6Ldf v6fOPsf]lyof] . 8\o"6L ;'saxfb'/ u'¿Ë;Fu a'em]sf] lyPF ./flt # ah] k|x/L xaNbf/ /ljz+s/ ld>n] &ah]b]lv # ah];Ddsf] ;dodf s}bL tyf aGbLx¿r]shfFr ubf{ 7Ls xfntdf ePsf] hfgsf/L eof]egL d]/f] 8\o"6L a'emf/y u/L # ah]k5fl8lgj]bsnfO{ kfnf] lbg cfpg] k|=h= s'df/ /fgfnfO{xftxltof/ uf]lnu¶f a'emfO{ 8\o"6Lk|mL ePsf] lyPF .o:tf] l:yltdf 5fgaLg ;ldltn] pQm lbg /flt!@ ah]b]lv # ah];Dd kf]i6 8\o"6L a:g] dlgj]bs ;d]tnfO{ k|x/L lgodfjnLcg';f/ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ / cGo ^ hgfnfO{;fdfGo ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 eGg]l;kmfl/z u/]sf] cfwf/df lgj]bsnfO{ :ki6Ls/0flng] sfd eof] . ldlt @)^#.^.@^ ut] k|x/Lpk/LIfsaf6 sf/fuf/ ;'/Iff uf8{h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn:yfgdf q'l6/lxt 9+uaf6 b'¿:t xfntdf 8\o"6Lug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L cfkm" vl6Psf] 8\o"6Ldf k"0f{rgfvf] eO{ Odfgbf/Lk"j{s sfd gu/L sfddfk"0f{ nfk/jfxL /xL cfˆgf] kbLo lhDd]jf/Lcg';f/cfr/0f gu/]sf]n] k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] kl/R5]b\ ( sf] lgod **-ª_cg';f/ cfˆgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/Lcg';f/ cfr/0fgug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] avf{:tug{ ;lsg] egL pNn]v ePsf]n] lgh k|=h=d+unaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg plrtb]lvPsf]n] P]= lgodfjnLsf] lgod ** sf] b]xfo-ª_ sf] s;"/df P]= lgodfjnLsf] lgod (#-@_-v_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L P]= lgodfjnLsf]lgod *$ sf] b]xfo -5_ adf]lhd lgh k|=h=d+unaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ cfh}sf ldltaf6 nfu" x'g]

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u/L eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] nflu cof]Uog7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o eof] .

z'¿ k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6 ePsf] gf]s/Laf6avf{:t ug]{ lg0f{o pN6L u/L gf]s/L sfod u/L;]jf ug]{ df}sf k|bfg ul/kfpFm egL pQm lg0f{opk/ldlt @)^#.&.@@ df k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fPsf]lyPF . ldlt @)^%.$.#) df ljkIfL If]qLo k|x/Lsfof{no kf]v/fsf k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfsaf6z'¿ sf/jfxL lg0f{o g} dgfl;a / Gofo;+utePsf] egL lg0f{o ePsf] /x]5 . pQm ldlt@)^%.$.#) df k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfsaf6 ldlt@)^#.^.@^ sf] gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] u/L ePsf]z'¿ sf/jfxL g} dgfl;a / Gofo;+ut egL z'¿;b/ ug]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{oaf6 d]/f] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-#_-r_ åf/fk|bQ k]zf /f]huf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf, wf/f !# åf/fk|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xs, wf/f !* åf/f k|bQ sfdug]{ clwsf/sf] xs tyf k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] -;fFtf}+ ;+;f]wg_, @)%& sf] lgod *$, *%,*^, *&, **, *( sf sfg"gL xssf] ;d]t 3f]/pNn+3g ePsf]n] pQm gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{opTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L k'ga{xfnL ug]{k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] o; cbfntdf kg{ cfPsf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf], of]cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fpg' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.&.!! sf] cfb]z .

lgj]bs tTsfn k|x/L hjfg kbdf k|x/Lrf}sL 3Grf}/f slknj:t' b/aGbL eO{ sf/fuf/;'/Iff uf8{ slknj:t'df sfo{/t\ /x]sf avtpQm sf/fuf/df /x]sf s}bLx¿dWo] 5 hgf s}bLx¿ldlt @)^#.%.& ut] /flt ;'¿Ë vgL efu]sf]eGg] ;DaGwdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noslknj:t'sf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]

; +of ]hsTjdf ul7t 5fgaLg ;ldltsf ]l;kmfl/zcg';f/ lghnfO{ k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod ** sf] b]xfo -ª_ sf] s;"/df P]=lgodfjnLsf] lgod *$-5_ adf]lhd eljiodf;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/Lgf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] egL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noslknj:t'af6 ldlt @)^#.^.@^ df lg0f{o ePsf]xf] . pQm lg0f{odf lgj]bsn] If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nokf]v/fdf k]z u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf sf/jfxL x'Fbfldlt @)^#.^.@^ sf] lg0f{o ;b/ x'g] 7x/L ldlt@)^%.$.#) df lg0f{o eO;s]sf]n] pQm lg0f{oP]g, lgodfjnLadf]lhd ePsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|x/L k|wfgsfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ldlt @)^#.%.& ut] /flt !@ ah]b]lv #ah];Ddsf nflu e"=k"= k|=h= d+unaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{sf/fuf/ ;'/Iff uf8{sf] pQ/tkm{ kf]i6 g+= #l8o"6L tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf g} ljleGg d'2fdf ;hfoef]lu/x]sf 5 hgf s}bLx¿ pQm kf]i6 / ;f]xLlbzfsf] kf]i6 g+= $ sf] sf/fuf/leqsf] hldgLO{nfsfnfO{ plNnlvt cleo'Qmx¿n] ;'¿Ë vgL;'¿Ëaf6 efuL km/f/ x'g ;kmn ePsfn] lghd+unaxfb'/ yfkfn] lbOPsf] lgb]{zg Pj+ cfkm\gf]kbLo bfloTj st{JonfO{ cIf/zM kfngf gu/Lcfˆgf] k]zfut ;]jf lbg] sfo{df ;Gtf]ifhgssfo{ u/]sf] gb]lvPsf] tyf pQm :yfgsf] ;'/IffJoj:yfdf k|efljt ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] cfˆgf] ;TotYo Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L 36gfsf] af/]df ;kmfOk]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbPsf]df lghn] k]zu/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f hjfkm ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf]n]lghnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sf/jfxL ul/Psf]x'Fbf o; sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ k/]sf]pTk]|if0f l/6 d'2f vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no slknj:t'sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

ldlt @)^#.%.& ut] /flt !@ ah]b]lvef]lnkN6 # ah];Dd sf/fuf/sf] ;'/Iff kf]i6 g+= #

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df 8\o"6L /x]sf] egL :jo+n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf/ tTsfn sf/fuf/af6 km/f/ eO{ k'gM bfv]nePsf ctLz /fO{ ;d]tsf cleo'Qmn] u/]sf] aofgsfuhcg';f/ ldlt @)^#.%.* ut] @=$% ah]efUg ;kmn ePsf] egL pNn]v u/]af6 ;f] cjlwdf;hu / ;t{stfk"j{s 8\o"6L gu/]s} sf/0faf6s}bL efUg pDsg ;kmn ePsf] tYo k'li6 x'gcfPsf]n] lghn] O{dfGbf/Lk"j{s st{Jokfngf gu/]sf]b]lvG5 . ldlt @)^#.%.& ut] /flt slknj:t'sf/fuf/af6 s}bL efu]sf] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf ul7t5fgaLg ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ 8\o"6Ldf /x]sf]k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] kbLo bfloTjcg';f/cfr/0f gu/L nfk/jfxL ugf{n] s}bLx¿ efUg;kmn ePsf] x'Fbf tTsfn kf]i6 g+= # / $ df8\o"6Ldf vl6Psf k|x/L hjfg d+unaxfb'/ yfkf;d]tnfO{ k|x/L lgodfjnLn] lglb{i6 u/]sf]sfo{ljlwadf]lhd clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Laf6gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f] lg0f{osflj¿4 k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf z'¿lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug]{ egL k'g/fj]bsLo lg0f{o ePsf]xf] . s;"/sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ ;hfo ePsf] x'Fbf o;af6lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/]cg';f/sf]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg tyf s'g} klg P]glgodljk/Ltsf] sfo{ o; sfof{noaf6 gePsf]x'Fbf ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] klZrd If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nokf]v/fsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bssf] s'g} klg xs clwsf/ xgg\x'g] sfo{ o; dGqfnon] u/]sf] 5}g . lgj]bs:jod\n] g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfnosf] lg0f{on]xs clwsf/df cf3ft k'Ug] sfo{ ePsf] egLsxLF st} pNn]v ug'{ ePdW:sf] 5}g . o:tf]ljifodf o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfL agfpg' kg]{ g}xf]Og . lgj]bs k|x/L ;]jfdf /x]sf] /fi6«;]jssd{rf/L ePsf]n] lghn] kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfr/0f;DaGwdf k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod&( / lgod *) df :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf

ul/Psf] 5 . sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] cfr/0f k"/f gu/]dfpQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod ** adf]lhd gf]s/Laf6x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] / lgod(# sf] pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ df tf]lsPsf]clwsf/Ln] lgod *$ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf]sf/jfxL ug{;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ g}sf/jfxL ePsf] / pQm sf/jfxLpk/ lgod ($adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg k/L k'/fj]bg txaf6 ;d]tsf/jfxLsf] clGtd 6'Ëf] nflu;s]sf] 5 . o;/Lsfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] sf/jfxLnfO{ cGoyf eGggldNg] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf ] lhd k ]zL ;"rLdf o;Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdflgj]bssf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmx¿>L OGb| v/]n, >L rGb|sfGt 1jfnL / >L ;Gtf]if/fgf du/n] l/6 lgj]bgnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg]lg0f{o ubf{ lnOPsf cfwf/x¿ j:t'lgi7 ¿kdfk|dfl0ft 5}gg\ . oL lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] 8\o"6Lcfkm"eGbf kl5sf] 8\o"6L ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{a'emfO{ ;s]kl5 dfq s}bLx¿ efu]sf] cj:yf 5 .dfu ul/Psf] :ki6Ls/0fsf] hjfkmdf oL lgj]bsn];a} Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L lbPsf] :ki6Ls/0fhjfkmsf] plrt d"NofÍg ePsf] 5}g . oL lgj]bsk|x/L hjfg ePsf]n] lghnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg]/ ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 eljiodf cof]Uo g7xl/g]u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ k|x/LlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod (#-@_-v_ cg';f/;DalGwt k|x/L pk/LIfsnfO{ 5 . t/, oLlgj]bsnfO{ ldlt @)^#.^.^ / ldlt @)^#.^.@@df ;hfo k|:tfj u/L ;f]lwPsf :ki6Ls/0fx¿clwsf/If]q g} gePsf k|x/L lg/LIfsn] ;f]w]sf] /lghn] tL :ki6Ls/0f hjfkm;lxt sf/jfxLsf]nflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf] cfwf/df k|x/L pk/LIfsn]ldlt @)^#.^.@^ df oL lgj]bsnfO{ eljiodf;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L

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gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] x'Fbf pQm lg0f{osfg"gljk/Lt 5 . ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/Ln] cfkm}F:ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]df ;f] Joj:yfsf]k|ToIf pNn+3g ePsf] x'Fbf oL lgj]bsnfO{ ;]jfaf6x6fpg] u/L ePsf] pQm lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn]ab/ u/L lghnfO{ k"j{jt\ ;]jfdf axfnL ug'{egL k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g'k5{ eGg] ;d]tax; lhsL/ k|:t't ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L dx]z zdf{ kf}8]nn]lgj]bs 8\o"6Ldf /x]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] nfk/jfxLn]ubf{ slknj:t' sf/fuf/sf 5 hgf s}bL y'g'jfx¿;'¿Ë vgL efu]sf]n] lghnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdsf/jfxL ul/Psf] xf] . sf/fuf/af6 s}bL efu]sf];DaGwdf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf];+of]hsTjdf ul7t ;ldltn] lj:t[t 5fgaLgu/L lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df sf/jfxL ul/Psf]5 . oL lgj]bsnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL ;kmfOsf]df}sf lbO{ clwsf/k|fKt ;DalGwt k|x/L pk/LIfsn]k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( adf]lhd g} ;hfosf]lg0f{o u/]sf] x'Fbf pQm ;hfo ug]{ lg0f{onfO{sfg"gljk/Lt eGg ldNb}g . clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/af6 :ki6Ls/0f g;f]wL clwsf/ljxLgJolQmn] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf] eGg] ljifo pQm ;f]jfaf6x6fpg] lg0f{opk/ klZrdf~rn If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nokf]v/fdf oL lgj]bsn] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf p7fOPsf]5}g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf klg pQm ljifo p7fOPsf]5}g . xfn cfP/ sfg"g Joj;foLn] ax;sf] qmddfp7fOPsf] k|Zgsf] cfwf/df pQm ljifo ljrf/0fLox'g ;Sb}g . ;DalGwt P]g lgodn] tf]s]sf] st{Jok"/f gu/]sf] :ki6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf 5fgaLgu/L clwsf/k|fKt kbflwsf/Ln] ;hfosf] lg0f{ou/]sf] / ;f] lg0f{o k'g/fj]bsLo If]qflwsf/af6;d]t ;b/ ePsf] cj:yfdf l/6 If]qflwsf/af6ab/ ug'{ pko'Qm klg gx'g] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; lhsL/ k|:t'tug{'eof] .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;ncWoog u/L b'j}tkm{af6 k|:t't ePsf ax;lhsL/ ;'gL ljrf/ ubf { l/6 lgj]bgsf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg];DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ oL l/6 lgj]bsk|x/L hjfg kbdf jxfn /xL slknj:t'df sf/fuf/;'/Iffsf] nflu vl6Psf] cj:yfdf @)^#.%.& ut]/flt 5 hgf s}bLx¿ efu]sf]df lghpk/ sf/jfxLug]{ ;Gbe{df k|x/L lg/LIfs k|]daxfb'/ l;Fx kf}8]nn]ldlt @)^#.^.^ df :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf] kfOG5 . oLlgj]bsn] ;f] kqsf] :ki6Ls/0f hjfkm ldlt@)^#.^.& df k]z u/]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . lghn]:ki6Ls/0f @)^#.^.& df k]z u/]kl5 k'gM ldlt@)^#.^.@@ df k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod**-ª_ sf] s;"/df ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod *$-5_ cg';f/ lsg sf/jfxL gug]{ egL k|x/L lg/LIfsk|]daxfb'/ l;Fx kf}8]nn] g} csf]{ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf]kfOG5 . oL lgj]bsn] pQm bf];|f] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwPsf]kqsf] hjfkm ldlt @)^#.^.@# df k]z u/]kl5;f]xL ldltdf k|x/L lg/LIfs k|]daxfb'/ l;Fx kf}8]nn]k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod (# sf] pklgod-@_ sf] b]xfo -v_ df k|x/L hjfgnfO{ eljiodf;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/Lgf]s/Laf6 x6fpg];DaGwL sf/jfxL ug{ cfˆgf]-k|x/L lg/LIfs kbsf]_ clwsf/If]qleq gkg]{ eGb}oL lgj]bs ;d]tnfO{ yk sf/jfxL ug{ lghn]l;kmfl/z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|x/L lg/LIfs k|]daxfb'/l;Fx kf}8]nsf] pQm l;kmfl/z k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/dfk|x/L pk/LIfs hoaxfb'/ rGbn] ldlt @)^#.^.@^df oL lgj]bsnfO{ ;f]xL :ki6Ls/0fsf] cfwf/dfk|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod **-ª_ sf]s;"/df lgod *$-5_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/Lgf]s/Lsf nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6x6fpg] u/L lg0f{o uPsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

#= oL lgj]bsn] cfk"mnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg]u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^#.^.@^ sf] lg0f{opk/

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klZrdf~rn If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nodf k'g/fj]bgubf{ / o; cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg ubf{ cfk"mnfO{;f ] lwPsf ] :ki6Ls/0f clwsf/If ]qljxLgkbflwsf/Laf6 ;f]lwPsf] / ;f]xL cfwf/df ;]jfaf6x6fpg] lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f] ab/ x'g'k5{ egLlhsL/ lnPsf] b]lvFb}g . t/ lghsf sfg"gJoj;foLn] o; cbfntdf ;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf ax;ubf{ ;f] lhsL/ lng' ePsf]n] ljkIfL g]kfn;/sf/sf tkm {af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofolwjQmfn] pQm lhsL/ k'g/fj]bg kq /l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v gul/Psf] cj:yfdf l/6lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf dfq p7fpg kfOFb}gegL lhsL/ lng' ePsf]n] ;j{k|yd ;f] ;DaGwdfljrf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

$= pQm k|f/lDes k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ sf cfwf/df o; cbfntdfbfo/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm wf/fdf o; ;+ljwfgåf/fk|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf csf]{pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf]Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLgb]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg"gL xssf] k|rngsf] nflujf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zgsf]lg¿k0fsf] nflu cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]zhf/L u/L To:tf] xssf] k|rng u/fpg] jf ljjfb6'Ëf] nufpg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf] {RrcbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k"0f{¿kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ;jf]{Rrcbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f,k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5fnufot h'g;'s} pko'Qmcfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5, eGg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfePsf] kfOG5 . pQm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfaf6 of]cbfntnfO{ k"0f{ Gofo k|bfg ug{sf] nflu c;fwf/0fclwsf/k|fKt 5 .

%= o;sf cltl/Qm sfg"gsf] kfngf ug'{;a}sf] st{Jo xf] / o;df klg ;fj{hlgs

clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug]{ k|To]s kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf]sfdsf/jfxL sfg"gsf] bfo/fleq /xL ;Dkfbgug'{kg]{ s'/fdf ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g . o; cbfntdf;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf sfg"gsf] k|ToIf q'l6 jf sfg"gsf]b]vfb]vL q'l6 jf sfg"gsf] uDeL/ q'l6 u/]sf]Ohnf;n] b]v]df jf Ohnf;sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf]cj:yfdf To:tf] q'l6nfO{ Ohnf;n] cgb]vf ug{;Sb}g / ug'{ klg x'Fb}g . ljwflosfsf] ljj]scg';f/lgdf{0f ePsf] sfg"gsf] k|of]u ;f] sfg"g lgdf{0fubf{ ljwflosfåf/f ck]Iff u/]cg'¿k g} x'g'kg]{ /;f]sf] clGtd k/LIf0f ug]{ ;+j}wflgs bfloTj o;cbfntnfO{ k|bfg u/L c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q;d]tsf] ;'lglZrt Joj:yf ePsf] cj:yfdfsfg"gsf] q'l6nfO{ cgb]vf (Overlook) ug'{ dgfl;ax'Fb}g .

^= t;y{, sfg"gL q'l6sf] k|Zg k'g/fj]bgkqdf jf o; cbfntdf bfo/ ul/Psf] l/6lgj]bgdf pNn]v gu/]sf] jf gp7fOPsf] eGg]dfq cfwf/df ljz'4 sfg"gL k|Zgsf xsdf o;cbfntn] ljrf/ ug{ g;Sg] eGg ldNg] b]lvPg .d"ntM l/6 lgj]bgdf ab/ ug{ dfu ul/Psf]cjsfz lg0f{osf] sfg"gL j}wtfsf] k/LIf0f o;cbfntaf6 x'g] xf] . clwsf/If]q / ljlw;Ddtk|lqmofsf k|Zg tYosf geO{ sfg"gL k|Zg x'g\ .sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t k|lqmofsf] kl/kfngf gu/Ls'g} klg JolQmsf] xs ckx/0f ug{ ;lsFb}g .lg0f{o sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t k|lqmofcg';f/ gePsf]k|yd b[li6d} b]lvG5 eg] of] k|Zg lgj]bsn]k'g/fj]bg kq jf l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v gu/]sf]eGb}df u}/sfg"gL lg0f{on] :jtM j}wtf jfsfg"g;Ddt lg0f{osf] ¿k u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}g .

&= pTk|]if0fsf] l/6sf dfWodn] r'gf}tLlbOPsf] lg0f{osf] j}wtfsf] k/LIf0f ubf{ To:tf]lg0f{o sfg"gsf] s;Ldf j}w gb]lvPdf ab/ 3f]liftu/L z"GoLs/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . sfg"gåf/f :ki6Ls/0f;f]Wg'kg]{ kbflwsf/Ln] :ki6Ls/0f g;f]w]sf],:ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg sfg"gåf/f clVtof/L gkfPsf]

13061306130613061306


kbflwsf/Ln] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf ] / pQmkbflwsf/Ln] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ cfk"mnfO{ gePsf]dx;"; u/L sfg"gåf/f lg0f{o ug]{ clVtof/LkfPsf] kbflwsf/L;dIf lg0f{ofy{ k7fOPsf] cj:yfk|:t't ljjfbdf b]lvPsf] 5 . lg0f{o ubf{lg0f{ostf{n] cfˆg} Goflos dg k|of]u ug'{kg]{x'G5 . Goflos dg k|of]u u/] jf gu/]sf] k|Zg ;f]lg0f{o ubf{ cjnDag ul/Psf] sfo{ljlw;Fu klg;DalGwt x'G5 . t;y{, r'gf}tL lbOPsf] lg0f{osf]k/LIf0f ubf{ ljrf/0fLo sfg"gL k|Zgsf xsdfl/6 lgj]bgdf gn]lvPsf] eGg] dfq cfwf/df ;f]k|Zgdf k|j]z ug{ ldNb}g eGg sfg"g;+ut x'Fb}g .

*= ca oL l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ ;f]lwPsf:ki6Ls/0f / ;f]sf] cfwf/df ePsf] ;]jfaf6x6fpg] lg0f{osf] j}wtfsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{kg]{b]lvg cfof] . ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|x/LP]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf (-$_ df dftxt bhf{sfk|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{c;fjwfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/]df jf s'g} st{Jokfng ug{af6 aRgsf] nflu cfkm"n] s]xL u/L ;f]st{Jo kfng ug{ cof]Uo ePdf jf cg'zf;ge+u u/]df jf cGoyf cg'lrt cfrf/0f u/]dflghnfO{ tf]lsPsf] clws[tn] avf{:t ug{, ;]jfaf6x6fpg, bhf{ jf tna 36fpg jf cfjZos;D ]́ tf]lsPadf]lhd b]xfosf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5eGg] Joj:yf u/L b]xfodf -s_ Ps dlxgfsf]tna;Dd h/Ljfgf ug]{, -v_ ;hfosf] sjfh,yk uf8{ jf kmofl6u -zf/Ll/s ysfO{ x'g]_ jfc¿ 8\o"6L u/fO{ jf gu/fO{ !% lbg;Dd Sjf6{/dfgh/aGb /fVg], t/ of] v08df n]lvPsf] ;hfos'g} clws[tnfO{ lbg ;lsg] 5}g / -u_ dxTjk"0f{lhDd]jf/Lsf] kbaf6 x6fpg] jf ljz]if tnaeQf kfPsf] l´Sg], eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf]kfOG5 . ;f] P]gsf] bkmf !!-!_ df bkmf (adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/Ln] s'g}k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ jvf{:t ug]{, ;]jfaf6 x6fpg],bhf{ jf tnj 36fpg] cfb]z lbFbf ;f] ugf{sf]

cfwf/;lxtsf] cleof]u, ;f] af/] hfFrj'em u/]sf]Joxf]/f, lghnfO{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbOPsf]df lghsf];kmfOsf] lhsL/ / ;f] lhs/Ladf]lhd yk s]xLa'lemPsf] eP ;f] ;d]t af/] cfˆgf] 7x/ n]vL /;kmfOsf] df}sf glbPsf]df ;f] lbg dgfl;j gk/]sf]cj:yf b]vfO{ Joxf]/f v'nfO{Psf] krf{ ;d]t v8fu/L ;xL u/L ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg'kb{5, eGg]sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 . pQm P]gsf] bkmf!!s df of] P]g jf o; P]gcGtu{t ag]sf]lgodadf]lhd ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfo ug]{clwsf/ lgoddf tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xLadf]lhd/ To;/L gtf]lsPsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L u7g u/]sf];ldltnfO{ x'g]5, eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

(= plNnlvt k|x/L P]g, @)!@ df ePsfsfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿af6 ;f] P]gsf] bkmf (-$_adf]lhd k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] k|x/Lclws[tn] jvf{:t ug]{ jf ;]jfjf6 x6fpg] ;d]tsf];hfo ug{ ;Sg] / bkmf !!-!_ adf]lhd k|x/Lsd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfoubf{ ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/Ln] g} cfwf/;lxtcleof]u nufO{ :ki6Ls/0f;d]t dfu ug'{kg]{u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] kfOG5 . ;hfo ug]{clwsf/L tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf :ki6 sfo{ljlwlgwf{/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 .

!)= pQm P]gsf] bkmf !!s sf] k|of]hgsf]nflu ;f] P]gcGtu{t ag]sf] k|x/L lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod (# df ;hfosf] lsl;d, ;hfolbg] clwsf/L, k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L tf]lsPsf]kfOG5 . oL lgj]bs k|x/L hjfg ePsf]n] lghsf]xsdf pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod (#-@_-v_ adf]lhdeljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] lglDt cof]Uo g7xl/g]u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] jf eljiodf ;/sf/Lgf]s/Lsf] lgldQ ;fdfGotof cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/Lgf]s/Laf6 jvf{:t ug]{ clwsf/ k|x/L pk/LIfsnfO{ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L plNnlvt k|x/L P]g /lgodfjnLn] lgj]bssf] bhf{sf] k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{

13071307130713071307


k|x/L pk/LIfs:t/sf] k|x/L clws[tnfO{ dfqcfwf/;lxt cleof]u nufO{ :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug]{/ ;f] :ki6Ls/0f lrQ a'em\bf] geP ;hfo ;d]tk|:tfj u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg];Ddsf] ;hfo ug{;Sg] clwsf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

!!= o:t} k|s[ltsf] kf;fË z]kf{ lj¿4c~rn k|x/L sfof{no /fhlj/fh ;d]t ePsf]g]sfk @)%), c;f/, lg0f{o g+= $&)*, k[i7!## df k|sflzt pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z ;d]tsf]l/6 lgj]bgdf o; cbfntaf6 k|x/L xjNbf/nfO{lgo'lQm ug]{, gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] / ;hfo lbgkfpg] clwsf/ k|x/L P]g, k|x/L lgodfjnLn]k|x/L pk/LIfsnfO{ k|i6 ¿kdf tf]lsPsf]dfclVtof/ gkfPsf] k|x/L lg/LIfs / k|x/L gfojpk/LIfsåf/f lgj]bs;Fu ljefuLo sf/jfxLsf]nflu :ki6Ls/0f dfu ul/Psf] sfg"gadf]lhdePsf] gb]lvg] eGg] l;4fGt sfod ePsf] kfOG5 .o;} u/L o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^&.^.!@ dfkm};nf ePsf] /ljz+s/ ld> lj¿4 klZrdIf]qLo k|x/L sfof{no, kf]v/f ;d]t ePsf] @)^%-

WO-)!@$ g+= sf] pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ljifosf]l/6 lgj]bgdf o; cbfntaf6 l/6 lgj]bsnfO{gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] clVtof/Lk|fKt gePsf k|x/Llg/LIfsaf6 :ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL ;f]xL :ki6Ls/0fnfO{cfwf/ dfgL k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6 lgh lgj]bsnfO{gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^#.^.@^sf] lg0f{o / To;nfO{ ;b/ u/]sf] ldlt @)^%.$.#)sf] lg0f{o;d]t k|x/L P]g, @)!@ tyf k|x/LlgodfjnL, @)$( ;d]tsf] k|lts"n b]lvPsfn]pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] egL l;4fGtk|ltkfbg ePsf] b]lvG5 .

!@= k|:t't d'2fdf oL lgj]bsnfO{ k|x/LlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod **-ª_ adf]lhdcfˆgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/Lcg';f/ cfr/0f gu/]sf]eGg] s;"/df k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod*$-5_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf]nflu cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg]

lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/, oL lgj]bsnfO{gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg'k"j{ k|x/L P]g, @)!@ sf] bkmf(-$_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] nflu ;f]xL P]gsf]bkmf !!-!_ adf]lhd ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/Ln] g};DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/L;Fu cfwf/;lxtsf]cleof]usf] pNn]v u/L :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg' kg]{sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6 oLlgj]bs;Fu :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . k|x/Llg/LIfsnfO{ k|x/L hjfg kbdf sfo{/t\ oLlgj]bsnfO{ gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] ;d]tsf] sf/jfxLug]{ clwsf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf lghn] lgj]bsnfO{;f]w]sf] :ki6Ls/0fsf] cfwf/df k|x/L pk/LIfsn]]gf]s/Ljf6 x6fpg lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvg cfPsf]n];f] lg0f{onfO{ plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yf tyfk|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf] cfwf/df sfg"g;Ddt\dfGg ldNg] b]lvPg .

!#= t;y{, plNnlvt cfwf/ / sf/0faf6oL lgj]bsnfO{ k|x/L lg/LIfsaf6 ;f]lwPsf]:ki6Ls/0fsf] cfwf/df k|x/L pk/LIfsaf6gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^#.^.@^sf] lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{onfO{ ;b/ ug]{ ldlt@)^%.$.#) sf] klZrd If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nokf]v/fsf] lg0f{o k|x/L P]g, @)!@ tyf k|x/LlgodfjnL, @)$( df plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yftyf o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf]k|lts"n b]lvPsfn] pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ul/lbPsf] 5 . pQm lg0f{o ab/ ePsfn] calgj]bsnfO{ lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd k"j{jt\ ;]jfdfjxfn ug'{ egL k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ .of] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L ljkIfLnfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf]nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=k|f=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h @* ut] /f]h ! z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M >Lk|sfz pk|]tL

&&&&&

13081308130813081308


lg0f{o g+= ***@ lg0f{o g+= ***@ lg0f{o g+= ***@ lg0f{o g+= ***@ lg0f{o g+= ***@


dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{l/6 g+= )^*–WO–)$!#km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.!(.#

d'2f M– pTk]|if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t .

lgj ]bsM nlntk '/ lhNnf , nlntk '/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !$ l:ytg]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb| nlntk'/sf]tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt pkfWoIf tyfsfo{sfl/0fL ;b:o a6's[i0f sfsL{ ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM kfNkf lhNnf, tfg;]g g=kf= j8f g+ $

a:g] rGb|nfnsf] 5f]/f ;'bLk kf}8]n ;d]t

§ s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL :jLsf/ u/]sf]cj:yfdf 3f hfFr ePg eg]/ s'6kL6gePsf] cy{ ug'{ cg'lrt / cfu|xo'Qmx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_§ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wbf sfg"gsf] bkmfs} pNn]vg

cfjZos kb}{g . sfg"gdf ePsf] Joxf]/fsf]pNn]vg ePdf ;f] bkmf n]lvP ;/xs}cj:yf dfGg' kg]{ .

§ sfg"gåf/f lgif]lwt sfo{ ug]{ 5"6 s;}nfO{x'Fb}g . ;DalGwt >lds sd{rf/Ln]cf/f]lkt sfo{ u¥of] u/]g / u/]sf] ePljlw;Ddt\ k|lqmofcg';f/ sf/jfxLsf]p7fg eP ePgg\ / sfg"gn] tf]s]sf];hfo eof] jf ePg Goflos clwsf/Ln]x]g'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=^_

§ cfkm}n] s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL nufPsf]cf/f]k :jLsf/ u/]sf] / s'6kL6 u/]sf]tYo k|dfl0ft eO{ s'6kL6sf] sfo{ >dP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %!-s_ sf] bfo/f-Ambit_ leq kg]{ cj:yfdf Joj:yfksn]To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg' k"j{;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf >d P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf %! sf] v08 -s_ sf] s;"/ u/Lv/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] eGg] ;f] bkmfdfplNnlvt zAb h:tfsf ] t:t }:ki6Ls/0fdf pNn]v gul/Psf] / bkmf%#-!_ adf]lhd cleof]u / ;hfoglsl6Psf] eGg Gofof]lrt\ / ljj]s;Ddtgx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

lgj]bsx¿sf tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf >LZofdgf/fo0f >]i7

ljkIfL tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L/d]z j8fn

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf bkmf %)-3_,

%!, %!-s_, %@, %@-$_, %#-!_

km};nfGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ cGtu{t o;cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb| nlntk'/n]k|ToyL{ ;fdflhs kl/rfns ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{tfdf3f6 zfvfaf6 bf]nfn3f6 zfvfdf @)^%.(.!b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ;?jf ul/Psf] lyof] . lgh;?jf ePsf] zfvfdf guPsf]n] @)^%.(.& dfsfo{sf/L k|d'vn] ;?jf ePsf] zfvfdf guO{u}/xfhL/ x'g'sf] sf/0f af/] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL

13091309130913091309

***@ - g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb| ;d]t lj=;'bLk kf}8]n ;d]t

ldlt @)^%.(.!$ df gl;xtsf] ;hfo ;d]tlbPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 oL ljkIfLn] tfdf3f6sfof{nodf sfo{/t\ k"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/LhLpwg Iflt ug]{ wDsL ;d]t lbPsf] /x]5 . ;f]36gfkl5 k"hf lu/Ln] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosfe|]df ph"/L lbPsf] a'lemg cfPsf]n] oyfy{a'emL k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ k|jGws ;'dg dxh{g;d]tnfO{ tf]s]sf] lyof] .

lgh ;'dg dxh{gn] oL ljkIfL ;'bLkkf}8]nn] s'6kL6sf] 36gf 36fPsf]n] k"hf lu/Ln]k|x/Ldf ph"/L u/]sf] egL ph"/Lsf] k|ltlnlk;d]t /fvL k|ltj]bg lbPsf]n] ;f] ljifodfldlt @)^%.!).@) df & lbgleq :ki6Ls/0fk]z ug'{ egL :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwPsf]df ;'bLkkf}8]nn] @)^%.!).@$ df k"hf lu/LnfO{ Psemfk8 lxsf{Psf] egL :ki6Ls/0f k]z u/]sf]n]lghnfO{ @)^%.!).@^ sf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf]a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df @)^%.!).@* df;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] lyof] . cjsfz kl5 oLljkIfLn] ;~rosf]if tyf cf}iflw pkrf/sf]/sd kfpg dfu u/]sf]n] sfof{nodf af]nfpFbfljkIfL ; 'bLk kf }8 ]n ;d]tn ] /fh ]Zj/clwsf/LnfO{ ;f+3ftLs xdnf u/L sfof{nosfef}lts ;fdu|Ldf ;d]t Iflt k'¥ofPsf]n] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no nlntk'/n] lghsf] xsdfs]xL ;fj{hlgs -ck/fw / ;hfo_ P]gcg';f/?=@,%)).–h/Ljfgf x'g] egL u/]sf] lg0f{oclGtd eP/ a;]sf] 5 .

>d cbfntn] dlxnf sd{rf/Lpk/sf]xftkft h:tf] jf/bft ;+j]bgzLn 36gfsf]?kdf lng'kg]{ egL :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . t/,;f]xL s'6kL6af6 p7fg ePsf] k|:t't ljjfbdflhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]n] @)^%.(.@) sf]36gfpk/ ;f]xL lbg ph"/L k/]sf]n] b'j} kIfnfO{lemsfO{ ldnfkqsf] nflu jftf{ u/fPsf] eGg]Joxf]/fn] k7fPsf] hjfkmnfO{ ljkIfL >dcbfntn] k|df0fdf glnO{ @)^*.$.!* df ljkIfL

;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ x6fpg] u/L u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/u/]sf] 5 . To:tf] 36gfdf ;+nUgnfO{ lbOg];hfo eg]s} bkmf %!-s_ sf] s;"/df bkmf %@-$_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] g} xf] . Pp6f;xsdL{n] csf]{ ;xsdL{nfO{ sfof{no ;dod}s'6kL6 u/L ldnfkqdfkm{t\ ljjfb cufl8ga9fpg bjfj lbO{ /x]sf] / s'6kL6 u/]sf]:jLsf/ ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf 3f hfFr s]z kmf/fdgePsf] egL s'6kL6sf] 36gf g} gePsf] cy{nfUg] u/L >d cbfntaf6 ljkIfLnfO{ pGd'lQmlbOPsf] 5 .

>d cbfntn] kLl8t k"hf lu/Ln] ljkIfL;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ s'6kL6df sf/jfxL ul/kfpFmegL Joj:yfkg;dIf lgj]bg glbPsf] eGg] cfwf/lnPsf ] ;DaGwdf Joj:yfkgn] To:tf ]sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL;Dd ug{ ;Sg]xf] . t/, kmf}hbf/L k|s[ltsf] 36gfdf 5fgaLgug]{ lgsfo k|x/L sfof{no xf] . lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{no sfe|]df ph"/L k/L ldnfkqsf] nflu5nkmn klg ePsf] 5 . kl5 gf]s/L 5f]8L k"hflu/L lxF8]kl5 lgh;Fu ;Dks{ gePsf] x'Fbf >dcbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg g;lsPsf] xf] .s:tf] 3fp rf]6k6s ePsf]nfO{ s'6kL6 ePsf]dfGg] / s:tf];Dd ePsf]nfO{ gdfGg] eGg];DaGwdf >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %!-s_ n]s]xL pNn]v gu/L dfq k|lti7fgsf] If]qleqx'nb+uf, tf]8kmf]8 jf s'6kL6 u/]df v/fa cfr/0fdflgg] eGg] pNn]v 5 . 7"nf] 3fp rf]6k6s g}nfUg' kg]{ / c:ktfnaf6 3fp s]z kmf/fde/]s} x'g'kg]{ clgjfo{ u/]sf] 5}g . t/, klg3fp rf]6k6s b]v]s}n] ljkIfLpk/ pQm k|x/Lsfof{non] sf/jfxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPsf]xf] . ctM ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn] k"hf lu/LnfO{s'6kL6 u/]sf] s'/f lghn] k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f,>d cbfnt;dIfsf] k'g/fj]bg, ;'dg dxh{gsf]k|ltj]bg / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]n]ldnfkqsf] nflu jftf{ u/fPsf] egL k7fPsf]

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hjfkmaf6 ;dly{t ePsf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf:ki6Ls/0f ;f]wL ;]jfaf6 x6fPsf] sfo{df s'g}sfg"gL q'l6 gePsf] x' Fbf >d cbfntn]@)^*.$.!* df u/]sf] km};nf sfof{Gjog gug'{gu/fpg' egL tTsfn cGtl/d cfb]z / kl5pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L k/dfb]z ;d]tsf]cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' gkg]{ cfwf/ /sf/0f eP !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg'egL ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fpg" . ;fy} cGtl/dcfb]zsf] dfusf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ >dcbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.$.!* sf] km};nfsfof{Gjog ePdf of] l/6 lgj]bg k|of]hgxLg x'guO{ lgj]bsnfO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt x'g] cj:yfb]lvPsf]n] o; l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd lg0f{ogx'Fbf;Dd >d cbfnt sf7df8f}Faf6 ldlt@)^*.$.!* df ePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog gug'{gu/fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L u/L lbPsf] 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.*.! sf] cfb]z .

k|:t't d'2fdf j/bft :yflkt ePsf] /v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] pNn]v u/L ;hfo k|:tfljtul/Psf] ePtf klg ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{lgb]{zs j]n'dfof du/n] :ki6Ls/0f lnPsf],sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] ;hfo ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]n]:ki6Ls/0f lng] / ;hfo ug]{ Joj:yfks km/s–km/s eO{ ;Ifd clwsf/L ePsf] b]lvg cfPg .:ki6Ls/0f dfu ug]{ lgb]{zsnfO{ Joj:yfkssf]clVtof/L eP gePsf] :ki6 gePsf], k"hflu/L dfly xftkft u/]sf] eGg] cGo ;a"bk|df0faf6 ;dly{t gePsf], :ki6Ls/0fdf ;hfok|:tfljt gul/Psf] / kLl8tsf] ph"/L geO{nfdf] ;dokZrft\ csf]{ JolQmn] ;'gL ;'gfOPsfcfwf/df k/]sf] lgj]bgsf cfwf/df ;]jfaf6jvf{:t u/]sf] b]lvFbf To:tf] sfo{n] sfg"gL dfGotfgkfpg] x'Fbf ldlt @)^%.!).@^ sf] sfo{sfl/0fL

;ldltsf] lg0f{onufot ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxLab/ u/L ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ ;fljssf] kbdfk'gj{xfnL ug]{ u/L o; cbfntaf6 @)^*.$.!*df ePsf] km};nfdf sfg"gsf] q'l6 gePsf] x'Fbfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/faf6 ljkIfL >d cbfntaf6 k]z ePsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

ldlt @)^%.(.!( ut]sf lbg /flt k"hflu/Ln] dlb/f ;]jg u/L cZnLn zAb k|of]uu/L cjf~5Lt Jojxf/ u/]sf]n] d}n] To;sf]k|ltjfb u/]sf] xf] . dnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg]k|of]hgsf] nflu :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg] / cjsfzlbg] sfo{ a]n'dfof du/af6 ePsf] 5 eg]lgo'lQm z'enIdL hf]zLaf6 ePsf] 5 . To;dfklg :ki6Ls/0f dfUbf >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf %! sf] s'g v/fa cfr/0f u/]afkt bkmf%@ sf] ;hfo k|:tfljt ul/Psf] xf] ;f] s'/fgv'nfO{ u}/sfg"gL tl/sfn] cjsfz lbPsf]x'Fbf >d cbfntsf] km};nf dgfl;j g} ePsf]n]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]n]sf] tkm{af6 k]zePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

>d cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*.$.!* dfePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egLToxfF cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf] cj:yfdf o;sfof{noaf6 s'g} sf/jfxL gx'g] eO{ ljkIfL agfPsf]sfo{sf] cf}lrTo gePsf] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfLafudtL c~rn, >d sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k]zePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ldl;n; +nUg sfuhftx¿sf ] cWoog u/ Llgj]bsx¿sf tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf >LZofdgf/fo0f >]i7n] k|:t't ljjfbdf ljkIfL;'bLk kf}8]nn] g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|sf]sd{rf/L /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL ;+:yfsL sd{rf/L

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k"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] yfxf hfgsf/LePkl5 ;f] ;DaGwdf s] ePsf] egL & lbgleqlnlvt ?kdf hjfkm k]z ug{ :ki6Ls/0f dfuu/]sf]df lgh ;'bLk kf}8]nn] cfkm"n] k"hflu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL :ki6Ls/0f k]zu/]sf] / To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ >d P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf %!-s_ sf] v/fa cfr/0fcGtu{tbkmf %@-$_ adf]lhd Joj:yfksn] ;]jfaf6x6fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf x6fPsf] xf] .sfg"gadf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw gckgfO{ ;]jfaf6cjsfz u/ ]sf ] eP To:tf ] lg0f {o jfsfdsf/jfxL ab/ x'g] xf] . t/, sfg"gadf]lhdsf]sfo{ljlw k'¥ofO{ ePsf] lg0f{o tyf sfdsf/jfxLab/ x'g] xf]Og . ljkIfLn] >d cbfntdf k]zu/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf ;d]t k"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6u/ ]sf ] Joxf ]/f pNn]v u/ ]sf ] cj:yfdf:ki6Ls/0f kqdf >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf%! sf] s'g–s'g v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] pNn]vgu/]sf] / bkmf %@ adf]lhd s'g ;hfo ug]{xf] k|:tfljt gul/Psf], 3f hfFr gu/fPsf],sf/jfxL u/L kfpg k|ltj]bg glbPsf] eGg]cfwf/ b]vfO{ v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{k'gj{xfnL u/fpg] 7x¥ofO{ >d cbfntn] u/]sf]km};nf >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %!-s_ sf]k|lts"n 5 . ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] k|of]hgsf] nflus'6kL6sf] sfo{nfO{ bkmf %!-s_ n] v/facfr/0f dfg]sf] 5 . >d cbfntn] d'Vo cfwf/agfPsf] :ki6Ls/0f kqsf] ;DaGwdf k|:t'tljjfbsf] p7fg s'6kL6af6 ePsf], s'6kL6sf];DaGwdf g} :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwPsf], lghn] klgk"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL :ki6Ls/0fk]z u/]sf]af6 lghn] v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf]tYo :ki6 ePsf] 5 . ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn]cfkm"n] s'6kL6 u/]sf] xf]Og egL eGg g;s]sf]s'/f klg :yflkt e};s]sf] 5 . o; cbfntdfk]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkmdf klg s'6kL6 u/]sf]:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . >d P]gsf] bkmf %!-s_ n]

s'6kL6df rf]6k6s x'g'kg]{ / 3fp s]z kmf/fdug{'kg]{ clgjfo{ zt{ u/]sf] 5}g . ;fy} sf/jfxLul/kfpFm egL Joj:yfks;dIf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{klg xf]Og . o;/L ljkIfLnfO{ x6fpg] egLePsf ;a} sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ x]bf{ sfg"gsf] /Ltk'u]s} b]lvFbf >d cbfntsf] km};nf ab/x'g'kb{5 eGg] Joxf]/fn]] ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nsf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg clwjQmf >L /d]z j8fnn] d]/f] kIfnfO{v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] egL ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdfa]n'dfof du/n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 . t/ lghsf]lgo'lQm z'enIdL hf]zLaf6 ePsf] 5 . o:tf]sf/jfxL h;n] lgo'lQm lbPsf] 5 p;}n]:ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg' kb{5 . o;/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg]/ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg] sfd u}/ Joj:yfksaf6eO{ cjsfz lbPsf] sfo{ >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf @-r_, bkmf %), %! / %@ sf] ljk/Lt5 . To;} u/L ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf P]gsf]bkmf %! sf] s'g cfr/0fafkt bkmf %@ sf] s'g;hfo k |:tfljt ul/Psf ] xf ] , ;f ] s'/f:ki6Ls/0fdf gv'nfPaf6 bkmf %# sf] sfo{ljlwk"/f gu/]sf] klg :ki6 5 . k"hf lu/LnfO{rf]6k6s x'g] u/L s'6kL6 u/]sf] eP 3f hfFrk|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ lyof] . t/, k|ltj]bg k]zgu/L cfkm" ;d]t cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ;'bLkkf}8]nsf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft u/fpg g;s]sf]cj:yfdf >d cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf ldn]s}x'Fbf oyfjt /xg] u/L k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fn] ax; k|:t'tug'{eof] .

b'j} tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfn]pk/f]Qmadf]lhd ug'{ ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'gL>d cbfntn] ldlt @)^*.$.!* df u/]sf] km};nfpTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g] xf], xf]Og eGg];DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ g]kfn dlxnfpTyfg s]Gb|n] ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ ;]jfaf6

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x6fpFbf ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf >d P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf %! sf] s'g s'g s;"/ u/L v/facfr/0f u/]sf]n] ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf %@ sf] s'g;hfo x'g] eGg] s'/f k|:tfljt gePsf], 3fhfFr ;d]t gu/fO{ >d P]gn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ljlwcjnDag gu/L ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg]u/L ePsf] lg0f{o tyf ;f];Fu ;DalGwtsfdsf/jfxLdf uDeL/ sfg"gL q'l6 b]lvPsf]n];f] lg0f{o ;d]t ab/ x'g] 7x¥ofO{ @)^*.$.!*df ljkIfL >d cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf ab/u/L kfpg k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ePsf]b]lvG5 . g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|n] ljkIfL;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ pQm s]Gb|df sfo{/t\ ;dodftfdf3f6 zfvfdf sfo{/t\ ;xsdL{ k"hf lu/LnfO{sfof{no xftfleq} s'6kL6 u/]sf]n] ;f] sfo{v/fa cfr/0fcGtu{t kg]{ egL >d P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf %@-$_ adf]lhd @)^%.!).@* dfcjsfz lbPsf]] b]lvG5 . ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{;]jfaf6 x6fpg' k"j{ ldlt @)^%.!).@) df;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf tkfOn] tfdf3f6 zfvfsLk|lzIffyL { lkmN8 ;xfos k"hf lu/LnfO{@)^%.(.@) ut]sf lbg cZnLn zAb k|of]uub}{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] / s'6kL6af6 lgh k"hflu/Lsf] d'vdf gLn8fd kf/]sf], kLl8t k"hflu/Ln] tkfOpk/ k|x/Ldf ph"/L u/]sf]n] tkfOk|x/Laf6 x'g] sf/jfxLaf6 aRg n'sL–n'sL a:g'ePsf] / P]=@! ut] k|x/Ldf ldnfkq ug]{ egLdfkmL ;d]t dfUg' ePsf] o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfOsf];]jf /xL /xFbf ;+:yfsf] / cGo sd{rf/Lsf]5jLdf wSsf kg]{ b]lvFbf tkfOn] cfr/0f e+uu/]sf] 5}g eGg] s'g} cfwf/ 5– eg] ;f] ;d]tsf]pNn]v u/L & lbgleq :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug'{xf]nf eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 eg]ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn] ldlt @)^%.!).@$ dfcfkm"n] k"hf lu/LnfO{ lxsf{Psf] -s'6kL6 u/]sf]]_Joxf]/f k|i6 zAbdf :jLsf/L :ki6Ls/0f k]zu/]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= o;/L ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]n g]kfndlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|sf] sd{rf/L /xFbf ;xsdL{k"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL g]kfn dlxnfpTyfg s]Gb|df k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f, >dcbfntdf k]z u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq / o;cbfntdf k]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkmdf ;d]t:jLsf/ u/]af6 oL ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn] k"hflu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvPg .o:tf] cj:yfdf 3f hfFr ePg eg]/ s'6kL6gePsf] cy{ ug'{ cg'lrt / cfu|xo'Qm xf] .

$= sfof{no If]qleq ;xsdL{nfO{s'6kL6 u/]sf] tYo :yflkt ePsf] cj:yfdfs'6kL6 ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]g;Sg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ >d P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf %! sf] v08 -s_ ;d]tdf jl0f{t v/facfr/0f ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ Joj:yfksn] P]= P]gsf]bkmf %@-$_ adf]lhd bkmf %) sf] v08 -3_df Jojl:yt ;]jfaf6 x6fpg];Ddsf] ;hfoug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . bkmf %! sf]v08 -s_ n] ;]jfaf6 x6fpg];Ddsf] ;hfoug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qmsfof{no If]qleq s'6kL6 ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]sfo{nfO{ v/fa cfr/0f dfg]sf] b]lvG5 . t/,>d cbfntn] s'6kL6 u/L v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf];DaGwdf ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ g]kfn dlxnfpTyfg s]Gb|af6 ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf bkmf%@-$_ sf] ;hfo ubf{ bkmf %! sf] s'g–s'gv/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] eGg] s'/f pNn]v gu/]sf]eGb } ldlt @)^%.!).@) df ;f ] lwPsf ]:ki6Ls/0fsf] Joxf]/fnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ lnO{;]jfaf6 x6fpg] u/L u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/ u/LljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ k'gj{xfnL u/fpg' egLkm};nf u/]sf] s'/f ldl;n ;+nUg @)^*.$.!*sf] ;f] cbfntsf] km};nfaf6 b]lvG5 .

%= :ki6Ls/0f ;hfo ug'{k"j{ ;f]lwg]clgjfo{ sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] zt{ xf] .:ki6Ls/0f g;f]wL ul/g] ;hfon] sfg"gL dfGotf

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kfpg ;Sb}g . o; ;Gbe{df >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf %#-!_ df v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{:ki6Ls/0f k]z ug]{ ;ft lbgsf] ;do lbg'kg]{5eGg] ;d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|:t'tljjfb ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn] k"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6u/]sf] hl/ofaf6 p7fg ePsf] b]lvg cfof] .lghn] s'6kL6 u/]s} sf/0fn] lghnfO{ s'6kL6s};DaGwdf @)^%.!).@) ut] & lbgsf] ;do lbO{:ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|n];'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;kl5ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn] klg ;f]xL ;DaGwdf@)^%.!).@$ ut] :ki6Ls/0f k]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]naf6 :ki6Ls/0f k]z ePkl5g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|n] ;f] :ki6Ls/0fdfplNnlvt s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL plNnlvt Joxf]/fnfO{v/fa cfr/0fleq kg]{ egL >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf %@-$_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbPsf]eGg] s'/f ldl;n ;+nUg @)^%.!).@* sf] kqJoxf]/faf6 b]lvg cfof] .

^= :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wbf sfg"gsf] bkmfs}pNn]vg cfjZos kb}{g . sfg"gdf ePsf] Joxf]/fsf]pNn]vg ePdf ;f] bkmf n]lvP ;/xs} cj:yfdfGg' kg]{ x'G5 . :ki6Ls/0f ;f]lwg'sf] tfTko{;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4sf] cf/f]ksf]hfgsf/L lbO{ ;f] ljifodf lghsf cfkm\gf egfO{/fVg lbg' xf] . of] sfg"gL k|lqmof / sfo{ljlwlgj]bsaf6 k"0f{?kn] kfng ePsf] kfOG5 . ;fy};xsdL{ sd{rf/LnfO{ s'6kL6 ug'{ v/fa cfr/0fxf] eGg] s'/f sfg"gåf/f g} :yflkt 5 / o:tf]v/fa cfr/0fsf] kl/0ffd ;]jfaf6 cjsfz xf]eGg] klg sfg"gdf g} plNnlvt 5 . ;]jfljlwzf:qn] sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt s]jn sfg"gsf]kl/lwleq /x] u/]sf sfo{sf xsdf ;'/lIft u/]sf]5 . sfg"gåf/f lgif]lwt sfo{ ug]{ 5"6 s;}nfO{x'Fb}g\ . ;DalGwt >lds sd{rf/Ln] cf/f]lkt sfo{u¥of] u/]g / u/]sf] eP ljlw;Ddt k|lqmofcg';f/ sf/jfxLsf] p7fg eP ePgg\ / sfg"gn]

tf]s]sf] ;hfo eof] jf ePg Goflos clwsf/Ln]x]g]{ s'/f olQ xf] .

&= o;/L k"hf lu/LnfO{ ljkIfL ;'bLkkf]8]nn] cfkm}n] s'6kL6 u/]sf] egL g]kfn dlxnfpTyfg s]Gb|n] nufPsf] cf/f]k :jLsf/ u/]sf] /s'6kL6 u/]sf] tYo k|dfl0ft eO{ s'6kL6sf] sfo{>d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %!-s_ sf] bfo/f -Ambit_ leq kg]{ b]lvg cfof] . o:tf] cj:yfdfJoj:yfksn] To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg'k"j{ ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf %! sf] v08 -s_ sf] s;"/ u/L v/facfr/0f u/]sf] eGg] ;f] bkmfdf plNnlvt zAbh:tfsf] t:t} :ki6Ls/0fdf pNn]v gul/Psf] /bkmf %#-!_ adf]lhd cleof]u / ;hfo glsl6Psf]eGg Gofof]lrt\ / ljj]s;Ddt x'g] b]lvg cfPg .

*= kLl8t k"hf lu/Lsf] z/L/sf] 3fhfFr s]z kmf/fd gu/fPsf]n] klg ;'bLkkf}8]npk/ g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|n] nufPsf]cf/f]k k|dfl0ft gx'g] egL >d cbfntsf]km};nfdf pNn]v ePsf] b]]lvG5 . ;f] ;DaGwdfljrf/ ubf{ s'6kL6sf] 36gf eP nut} k"hflu/Ln] ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ sf/jfxL u/LkfpFg lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]sdfldlt @)^%.(.@) df hfx]/L lbPsf] s'/f lgj]bgJoxf]/fdf pNn]v ePsf] b]lvPsf]df ;f] s'/flhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] ldlt@)^&.#.&, r=g+= $**^ sf] kq Joxf]/fdf klgk"hf lu/Ln] ;'bLk kf}8]npk/ sf/jfxL u/LkfpFg lgj]bg lbPsf] egL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/Lkqfrf/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfPaf6 klg lgj]bgJoxf]/f ;dly{t ePsf] b]lvg'sf] ;fy} oL ljkIfLn]@)^%.!).@$ ut] k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f Joxf]/f,>d cbfntdf k]z u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq / o;cbfntdf k]z u/]sf] lnlvt hjfkmdf k"hflu/LnfO{ lxsf{Psf] -s'6kL6 u/]sf]_ egL cfkm}n]:jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf kL8ssf] 3f hfFrk|ltj]bg x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvFb}g . To;df

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klg >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %! sf] v08-s_ df s'6kL6sf] 36gf :yflkt x'g 3f hfFrk|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf] klg b]lvFb}g .

(= ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ & lbgsf]Dofb lbP/ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf] / lghn] ;f] &lbg leq} cyf{t\ @)^%.!).@$ df g} :ki6Ls/0fk]z u/]sf] b]lvFbf lghn] sfg"gadf]lhdsf]k|ltjfbsf] df}sf klg kfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6g]kfn dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|n] sfg"gadf]lhdsf]sfo{ljlw k"/f gu/]sf] eGg ldNg] cj:yf klgcfPg .

!)= ctM ljkIfL ;'bLk kf}8]nn] ;xsdL{k"hf lu/LnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] tYo cfkmF}n] :jLsf/u/]sf], >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %!-s_ adf]lhdsfof{no If]qleq ePsf] s'6kL6 v/fa cfr/0fdfkg]{, v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{Joj:yfksn] :ki6Ls/0f ;f ]wL ;]jfaf6x6fpg];Ddsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg], :ki6Ls/0fdfP]gdf pNn]v ePs} efiff jf zAb h:tfsf]t:t} pNn]v ug'{ cfjZos gkg]{, cjsfz lbPsf]

sfo{df sfg"gsf] q'l6 gb]lvPsf] / s'6kL6 u/]sf]tYo :yflkt e};s]kl5 3f hfFr u/fO{ /xg'gkg]{ ;d]tsf cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 g]kfn dlxnfpTyfg s]Gb|sf clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ljkIfL;'bLk kf}8]nnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd ;]jfaf6 cjsfzlbg] u/L ldlt @)^%.!).@* df ul/Psf] ;hfoljkIfL >d cbfntn] @)^*.$.!* df ab/ x'g]7x¥ofPsf] km};nf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g]7x5{ . k|:t't cfb]zsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlkljkIf Lx¿sf ] hfgsf/ Lsf ] nf ludxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf]nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{lbg" .



Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} !( ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM eLdaxfb'/ lg/f}nf

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c+za08fsf] !* g+= df plNnlvt lg0f{o g+= **^(/cite>lg0f{o

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Transcript of c+za08fsf] !* g+= df plNnlvt lg0f{o g+= **^(/cite>lg0f{o