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&

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17(John Amos Comenius, 1592-1670)

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3

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(Dr. Berlo) SMCR

(Wilbur Schramm

(Dr. Dale)

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Dr. David K. Berlo

communication)

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SMCRSMCRSMCR

A Model of the Ingredients in Communication

Source

Message

Channel

Receiver

5

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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo

?

?

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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo Code

Content

Treatmentsourcecodecontent

6

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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo ChannelChannel

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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo

David K. Berlo, The Process of Communication, San Francisco: Rinehart Press, 1960., p.72

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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo

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CommunicationCommunication

Feedback ()

8

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((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm

Source

Encoder

Signal

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Channel

Decoder

Receiver

((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm

9

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((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm

Source Encoder Decoder ReceiverEncoder

Channel

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((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm

Source Encoder Encoder Decoder Receiver

Channel

Feedback

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((Dr. Edgar DaleDr. Edgar Dale) )

10

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involve SYMBOLIZINGin order ofincreasing abstractness

involve DOINGin order ofdecreasing directness

involve OBSERVINGin order ofdecreasing directness

1. 2. 3.

4. ()5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

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The cone of experience

VerbalSymbols

VisualSymbols

RadioRecordingsStill Pictures

Motion Pictures

Exhibits

Field Trips

Demonstrations

Dramatic Participation

Contrived Experiences

Direct, Purposeful Experiences

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VerbalSymbols

VisualSymbols

RadioRecordingsStill Pictures

Motion Pictures

Exhibits

Field Trips

Demonstrations

Dramatic Participation

Contrived Experiences

Direct, Purposeful Experiences

12

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40%

25%

70%

70%

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40%25% 70%

R. H. Wodsworth 70% 20%

13

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