Contoh Judul Research
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7/30/2019 Contoh Judul Research
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Acceptance curve A practical means for EHV transmission line damper performance evaluation
Vibration of bundled and single conductors: A comparative case study
The wind-induced vibration control of feed supporting system for large spherical radio telescope using
electrorheological damper
The optimization of mechanical dampers to control self-excited galloping oscillations
Abstract
The use of mechanical dampers for the control of the self-excited galloping of transmission lines is
considered. Two particular dampers, an in-span damper and a resilient mounting, are studied, two mass
representations being used. For both dampers it is possible to produce an optimum damper either by
maximizing the negative damping excitation that the damped system can withstand, or by choosing the
smaller logarithmic decrement of oscillation of the system to be as large as possible in the absence of
excitation. These two procedures do not produce the same damper parameters. Simple analytical
expressions are produced for the optimum parameters, and these are shown to agree well with
numerically optimized parameters. For the in-span damper, either method of optimization gives a
damper for a much wider range of ratios of the damper to conductor masses than is predicted by earlier
work. For the resilient mounting the optimization based on damping gives very similar behaviour to that
of the in-span damper. When aerodynamic excitation is considered for the resilient mounting, a clear
optimum exists only for a small range of mass ratios. Results from a representation of the conductor by
a stretched string are used to define the range of mass ratios over which the two-mass damper
idealizations may be used to define damper properties.
Effectiveness of cable networks of various configurations in suppressing stay-cable vibration
Estimation of conductor vibration amplitudes caused by aeolian vibration
Abstract
High tension transmission conductors vibrate as light breezes blow across a line. This aeolian vibration
can lead to fatigue damage which may be severe enough to cause the conductor to fail. Aeolian
vibration levels on the conductor will increase in amplitude until the power input from the wind is
balanced by the power dissipated by the conductor self-damping and any external damping devices.
This paper uses quantifications of wind power input and conductor self-damping power dissipation,
which have been published in recent papers, to solve iteratively for the vibration levels at which a power
balance will occur. The paper also examines the effect of external vibration dampers on these vibration
levels.
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The design of an optimal viscous damper for a bridge stay cable using energy-based approach
Abstract
An energy-based method is developed in the present paper to evaluate the damping property of a stay
cable when transversely attached to a viscous damper. The overall increase of the cable damping offered
by the external damper is determined by examining the time history of the kinetic energy in the damped
cable. The concept of kinetic energy decay ratio is introduced as a key index to evaluate the effectiveness
of a damper design in suppressing cable vibration. Compared to earlier studies, the proposed energy-
based approach has no restrictions on the damper location. In addition, the flexural rigidity and sag
extensibility of the cable are included in the formulation. Numerical simulation of free vibration of a
damped stay cable is conducted using ABAQUS. To assist the design process, a set of damping
estimation curves, which directly relate a damper design with the corresponding equivalent structural
damping in a damped cable are developed for the practical parameter ranges of bridge stay cables. A
number of numerical examples are presented. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method and
damping estimation curves are verified by comparing with other studies. Results show that the energy-
based approach developed in the present study is effective and efficient in determining the overall
damping property of a cable-damper system, particularly in the preliminary stage of a damper design. In
addition, the flexible applications of the developed damping estimation curves to damper design are
demonstrated through these examples.
Article Outline
Nomenclature
1.Introduction
2.Formulation of the method2.1.Important parameters in a cable-damper system
2.2.Kinetic energy decay ratio and its relation with an equivalent structural damping ratio
2.3.Refined formulation
3.Numerical simulations
4.Comparison with other studies
5.Design curves for estimating equivalent modal damping ratio
5.1.Damping estimation curves
5.2.Estimation of optimum damper size
5.3.Design examples
6.ConclusionsAcknowledgements
Appendix A.Supplementary material
References
VORTEX-EXCITED VIBRATIONS IN BUNDLED CONDUCTORS: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL
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Damping cable vibration for a cable-stayed bridge using adjustable fluid dampers
Abstract
Passive fluid damper is one of most widely used control devices for damping vibration of stay cables in a cable-stayed bridge in practice. However, each stay cable features unique dynamic characteristics and requires a specific
damper to achieve the best control performance, which engenders many troubles in manufacture, implementation
and maintenance of dampers. This paper presents a new approach for damping vibration of stay cables in a cable-
stayed bridge by using adjustable fluid dampers. The principle and main features of adjustable fluid dampers with
shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators are first introduced. The solution of a taut cable with the adjustable fluid
damper described by the Maxwell model is provided. A most favorable design principle is then proposed for
selecting the least types of adjustable fluid dampers for damping vibration of a few hundreds stay cables in a
cable-stayed bridge. A case study of stay cables in a super long span cable-stayed bridge is finally performed,
demonstrating that only two types of adjustable fluid dampers are required for damping vibration of all stay cables
in the bridge.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Adjustable fluid damper with SMA actuators
3. Approximate solutions of cabledamper system
4. Most favorable design principles
5. Case study
5.1. A long span cable-stayed bridge
5.2. Favorable design of adjustable fluid dampers
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Damper vibration attenuation for overhead lines
Abstract
Structural impedance measurements are useful for determining the characteristics of vibration dampers. Earlier
theoretical work demonstrated how impedance or dynamic mass measurements could be used to determine the
vibration attenuation achieved at the damper end of a transmission line span. Now the theory is extended to
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WM3-4P3M27C-6&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F25%2F2007&_alid=1758057224&_rdoc=75&_fmt=high&_orig=mlkt&_origin=mlkt&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=6923&_sort=v&_st=17&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=923&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2dcf27ea95d273dd036ca4e9f9b60ed7&searchtype=ahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WM3-4P3M27C-6&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F25%2F2007&_alid=1758057224&_rdoc=75&_fmt=high&_orig=mlkt&_origin=mlkt&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=6923&_sort=v&_st=17&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=923&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2dcf27ea95d273dd036ca4e9f9b60ed7&searchtype=ahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WM3-4P3M27C-6&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F25%2F2007&_alid=1758057224&_rdoc=75&_fmt=high&_orig=mlkt&_origin=mlkt&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=6923&_sort=v&_st=17&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=923&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=2dcf27ea95d273dd036ca4e9f9b60ed7&searchtype=a -
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determine vibration attenuation at all points in the span. For example, the vibration attenuation can be
determined at mid-span, at the end of the span at which a damper is installed and at the undamped end of the
span. The theory could be used to predict vibration attenuation by making dynamic mass measurements on the
conductor at points of interest and combining the results with dynamic mass measurements on dampers.
However, the vibration attenuation achieved at both ends of the span is more simply determined from vibration
amplitude measurements made with and without the damper installed. The results provide a simple means forevaluating the vibration attenuation characteristics of dampers.
Dynamics of stockbridge dampers
The aim of the present investigation is to establish a theoretical analysis of the response characteristics of
Stockbridge dampers and to verify the theoretical predictions experimentally. Expressions have been derived for
the response of the Stockbridge damper, by treating it as a two-degree-of-freedom system. The dynamic stresses
introduced on the stranded cable are also theoretically determined. The experimental findings have been reportedand explanations for discrepancies, where they occur, have been made.
Optimum design of a Lanchester damper for a viscously damped single degree of freedom system subjected to
inertial excitation
Abstract
The problem of designing an optimum Lanchester damper for a viscously damped single degree of freedom system
subjected to inertial harmonic excitation is investigated. Two criteria are used for optimizing the performance of
the damper: (i) minimum motion transmissibility; (ii) minimum force transmissibility. Explicit expressions are
developed for determining the absorber parameters.
On the numerical simulation of vortex-induced vibrations of oscillating conductors
Abstract
Aeolian vibrations for electrical overhead transmission line conductors have been investigated for many decades.
Special dampers, e.g., Stockbridge dampers or spacer dampers, are mounted on the conductors to suppress these
vibrations, which may otherwise lead to the fatigue failure at the points of high strain values. Simulations are
routinely carried out in order to estimate the vibration levels, to determine the need of dampers, and to optimize
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their locations and the impedances. The energy balance principle (EBP) is well established for estimating the
vibration amplitudes, and hence, the strain levels in the transmission line conductors. Besides the parameters of
the conductor and of the dampers, the aerodynamic forces acting on the vibrating conductor are the main input
data required for the energy balance. For the wind power input, researchers still depend on the experimental data
of drag and lift forces of a vibrating cylinder obtained from wind tunnel testing. In case of the bundled conductors,
many combinations regarding the number of conductors, spacing of the conductors as well as their orientationsare possible, which make wind tunnel tests very expensive and formidable. It may be useful to replace the wind
tunnel tests by numerical simulations, as far as possible. However, it is indispensable to validate the numerical
results first, for at least some special cases, so that they can be used with confidence in the general case. The
present paper is a first step towards obtaining the wind power inputs for different configurations of bundled
conductors. In the current work, the flow around a vibrating conductor is simulated with the finite-volume
method, by considering it as a circular cylinder. The two-dimensional NavierStokes equations are solved first. The
drag and the lift forces are then calculated by integrating the pressure and the shear values on the boundary of the
cylinder, which ultimately cause the impartation of wind power. The numerically obtained wind power input is
then compared with that obtained by different researchers in wind tunnel tests. A very good match between the
experimental and the numerical values of wind power input is found.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Wind power input
2.1. Numerically obtaining the wind power input
3. Computational fluid dynamics
3.1. Governing equations
3.2. Solution procedure
3.3. Grid modification and boundary conditions
4. Numerical results
5. Conclusion
References
Identification of large amplitude wind-induced vibration of ice-accreted transmission lines based on field observed
data
Abstract
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This study presents a method for identifying the periodic galloping response and random gust response of
transmission lines based on restricted field observed data, and for separating the major galloping component from
the mixed mode of gust and galloping vibration. Time-averaged characteristics of wind-induced vibration are
discussed based on spectral analysis, and non-stationary characteristics are considered to identify the wind-
induced vibrations quantitatively by applying Prony's method in a piecewise fashion. By applying highpass filter,
the major galloping response component is separated from the mixed response modes of galloping and gustresponse, and characteristics of the separated major galloping response component are compared with those of
total response. Results of these analyses show that there is a possibility of having large amplitude galloping as well
as gust response in in-plane vertical motion in ice-accreted transmission lines. The applicability of the random
decrement method to estimate the existence of the periodic correlated galloping component is also discussed.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Outline of transmission line and field measurement
3. Typical wind-induced vibration of the ice-accreted Tsuruga Test Line
4. Identification of observed wind-induced vibration
4.1. Spectral analysis for time averaged characteristics of response
4.2. Filtering technique for exclusion of the quasi-static response
4.3. Prony-based exponential decomposition
5. Oscillation orbit and mode of vibration in Event 2
6. Random decrement method for identifying the galloping component
7. Conclusions
References
Development of a new damper to reduce resonant vibrations in lightweight steel joist floors
Abstract
Floor vibrations annoying to humans often occur in lightweight constructions. A number of methods to solve the
problem of resonant vibrations are reported in the literature. Tuned mass damper, semi-active tuned vibration
absorber and active control system are all examples of existing methods. A new method has been tested in
laboratory environment on a prefabricated floor containing a resilient ceiling with a size up to 6.84.8 m2. The
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method takes advantage of small pieces of visco-elastic material connected between the ceiling joists and the
primary beams. A finite element model is used to calculate the correct amount of visco-elastic material. The new
damper is especially effective in damping mode shapes where the ceiling oscillates out of phase relative to the
floor but shows improvements for other mode shapes as well.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Existing methods to reduce resonant vibrations
3. The tested floor
4. Increase the damping using visco-elastic material
5. The technique applied to a four sections floor
6. Discussion and conclusions
References
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AEOLIAN CONDUCTOR VIBRATION WITH A STOCKBRIDGE-TYPE DAMPER
Abstract
An iterative finite-difference scheme is derived to predict the vertical, steady-state, monofrequent, aeolian
vibration of a single conductor span with a Stockbridge-type damper attached. This numerical scheme is based on
empirical models developed to represent the vortex-induced lift force from the wind as well as the forces of
dissipation associated with the conductor self-damping and the damper. The scheme has the capability to account
for more than one spatial mode of conductor vibration, travelling-wave effects, conductor flexural rigidity, and
damper mass. A two-part numerical analysis is performed in which the finite-difference scheme is applied to
simulate aeolian vibrations of a typical conductor with and without a Stockbridge-type damper. The computed
results are employed to investigate (a) the steady-state form of conductor vibration, (b) the conductor bending
amplitudes near each span end as a function of the vibration frequency and damper location, and (c) the influence
of conductor flexural rigidity and damper mass. In addition, results from the finite-difference scheme arecompared with solutions from the widely used energy balance method as well as field data on aeolian conductor
vibrations. The numerical scheme predicts that, with a Stockbridge-type damper attached near a conductor span
end, a travelling wave continually propagates towards that span end during steady-state aeolian conductor
vibration. It also predicts that, with no dampers attached to a conductor, steady-state aeolian conductor vibration
is essentially in the form of a standing wave.
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Design and development of a liquid comparator
Optimal design of viscous dampers for multi-mode vibration control of bridge cables
Abstract
Viscous dampers have been widely used for mitigating rainwind-induced vibration of bridge stay cables. Designing
a damper with optimal damping in a specific mode may leave the cable susceptible to vibration in other modes,
and it is almost impossible to specify a priori the dominant mode in which optimal performance should be
achieved. In the present paper, a new method for optimal design of viscous dampers to achieve multi-mode cable
vibration control is developed. With reference to a cabledamper model taking into account cable sag, inclination
and bending stiffness, a method to determine the optimal damper size for cable vibration control in assigned
multiple modes is proposed based on optimal LQG control theory. The system damping ratios obtained from the
proposed strategy are thus found to satisfy the Irwins criterion for all the assigned modes. Case studies of
prototype cables on a real cable-stayed bridge which experienced rainwind-induced oscillation show the
efficiency of the proposed method.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Formulation of governing equation
3. Method of optimal damper design
4. Case study
4.1. Cable configuration and shape functions
4.2. Analysis and results for xd/L=0.02
4.3. Analysis and results for xd/L=0.01
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References.