Presented by: Adnan Ali (B.Eng)

What is CHP

Combined heat and power (CHP) is the simultaneous generation of usable heat and power (usually electricity) in a single process.

The electricity is generated on or close to your site, allowing you to capture and use the resulting waste heat for site applications.

Co-generation and Tri-generation:

Cogeneration is the generation of electricity and thermal energy (heating) from a single fuel source.

Tri-generation is the generation of electricity, thermal energy and cooling from a single fuel source.

Two Basic Types of CHP Systems

- ‘Topping Cycle' System

- ‘Bottoming Cycle' Systems

For developers:

Improved energy rating for the building

Easy installation

Chance to earn extra income by selling electricity to the grid

For customers:

Energy cost savings

Reliable energy supply

For society:

Energy savings

Reduction in emission of CO2 into the atmosphere

Operational benefits

Minimal service requirement with long service intervals

Acts as a backup supply

Environmental benefits

Reduced energy use, carbon footprint

Reduced transmission losses

Low noise design, NOx exhaust

Financial benefits

Reduced energy cost

Reduced life cycle cost by long service intervals

Disadvantages

Inefficient for short run cycles

High installation costs

Some CHP units are heavy

Current payback period is in excess of 20 years

India is the 7th largest country in the world and 5th biggest power portfolio in the world.

The per capita electricity consumption in India is about 778kWh/year, which is significantly lower than the world average of around 2,100 kWh/year .

The total installed capacity of India is

The power demand is increasing exponentially due to massive population growth and economic development. India is the fifth largest power generation portfolio. Coal and Gas are the popular resources and share for 58% and 9% respectively.

The Indian economy has been growing at healthy rate touching the high of 9.6%

in the year 2006-07. However, consequent to the global melt down in 2008-09,

India has also been affected particularly resulting in the growth rate

decelerating to 5% in 2012-13.

Industrial

Chemical industry,Refining industry,Sugar Mills,

Pulp and Paper,Glass Manufacturing, Rubber and Plastic

Industry, Metallurgy, Heavy processing (Food, textile,

timber, minerals), Brewing, coke ovens

CHP commercial/ Institutional

Light manufacturing

Hotels

Hospitals

Large urban office buildings

Agricultural operations

District heating and cooling

All buildings within reach of heat network including

office buildings, Universities, airports, individual houses, campuses, airports, industry

• Technological constraints

High pressure and High temperature parameters

High pressure boilers, turbines and accessories are not easily

available

• Financial constraints

Investments required for the CHP systems are substantial. Often the industries find it difficult to raise resources for the incremental cost of setting up a CHP

The tax and duty structure on the capital equipment used for the CHP facility are not as attractive as in case of other non-conventional energy sources

• Pricing Policy

Lack of clear pricing policy

• Grid Related problems

Parallel operation of generating units( Safety, Power quality, Reliability, Protection of facilities)

Difference of voltage level in generation and grid

Hospital – Pushpanjali Crosslay, Ghaziabad

A 400 bed hospital located in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh has a peak electrical demand of 1550 kW and a peak chilling demand of 2813 kW (800TR).

The cogeneration plant comprises 2 x 774 kW gas engines and 2 x 1582 kW (2 x 450 TR) VAM (vapour absorption machine) to be run from the exhaust of the engines. To meet the additional 351.6 kW (100 TR) load, electrical chillers were Installed.

Case Study 2: Hotel – ITC Maurya Sheraton, New Delhi ITC Maurya Sheraton, a 440 room, 5 star hotel located in New

Delhi wanted to reduce its variable expense on power

generation, by installing a co-generation plant.

The project comprises a 1.1 MW gas engine and 1055 kW (300

TR) VAM run from the exhaust of the engines.