Case and Events in Transitive...

Journal of Slavic Linguistics 18(1): ##�##, 2010.

Case and Events in Transitive Impersonals* !

James E. Lavine !!

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1. Introduction

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2 JAMES E. LAVINE

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! CASE AND EVENTS IN TRANSITIVE IMPERSONALS 3

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4 JAMES E. LAVINE

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2. Dependent Case and Event Structure: The Ukrainian Transitive Impersonal

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6 JAMES E. LAVINE

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8 JAMES E. LAVINE

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10 JAMES E. LAVINE

!"#$% &'()*$&$% +!"!#,% -'(% .*/!% .$% &/0% !/1$% /2% /3% "34"($5!% -'(&% '-%5/62/!"#"!0%"3%!*$%71(/"3"/3%8(/32"!"#$%9&)$(2'3/:;%<'!*%5'32!(65!"'32%/22$(!%/%5/62/!"#$%26=+$#$3!>%*$/4$4%=0%$+?@7AB;%%

3. The Russian Transitive Impersonal

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3.1 The Russian Paradigm

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12 JAMES E. LAVINE

3.2 Experiencer Predicates and Causation

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14 JAMES E. LAVINE

!"#$%&'() *+)%!*'(!*'&,-./)0+)1&+&(+23)45+&"6&+7) (8*+)5"*'#+) (8&)%!9:9*'#)4;)<5=&>()?@9&"*&'>&")6&"5+)*')A*'&)B*(8)B*,&A3)!>>&9(&,)(8&%!(*>)8*&"!">8*&+) C&-#-7) D!$+&"E0#&'() F) ?@9&"*&'>&") F) G4!AEH4$">&EI!($"!A)J4">&)F)K8&%&L-)0>>$+!(*6&)%!"2*'#)4')!')45=&>()?@9&"*&'>&")*')4994:+*(*4') (4) !) (8&%!(*>!AA3) A&++) 9"4%*'&'() '4%*'!(*6&) K8&%&)B4$A,) 5&)&@>&9(*4'!A)B*(8)"&+9&>() (4) (8&%!(*>)%!99*'#-) M;7)84B&6&"7) (8&)45=&>()?@9&"*&'>&") *+) 4994+&,) (4) !) 8*#8&") D!$+&") !"#$%&'(7) (8&') (8&)%!9:9*'#)9"45A&%),*+!99&!"+-)K8*+)*+)9"&>*+&A3)(8&)>!+&)*')C/NL-.O)

4. Analyzing Accusative First Syntax

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4.1. Parameterizing Case Absorption

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16 JAMES E. LAVINE

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18 JAMES E. LAVINE

! "#$%! ! &'&! 2

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20 JAMES E. LAVINE

4.3 Transitive Impersonals are Causative

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22 JAMES E. LAVINE

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5. Events and States

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24 JAMES E. LAVINE

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26 JAMES E. LAVINE

! "#$%! &'(! )*+,)(! +-./,0(! 1+()(2!! !"#$%&%$&!! ! -3.4! )564'()*+*,-! 7*)4*058+*,-! 1+().//!

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6. Summary and Conclusion

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

:35!F(.)!-35*=5-.7(0!.FD0.7(-.*)!*C!-3545!C.)8.)G4!.4!-3(-!-35!)(-A=5!*C!-35!5+5)-A(0.-,!8547=.@58!@,!-35!+5=@!.4!5)7*858!.)!+5=@(0!CA)7-.*)(0!


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References

I569+;!I336!M&56+04).+46,!7NOOP:!'()"*+$+!+$&,-.()/0)$+1*,-)"2-2+*1#3(*4-+"- $54- 0#(.5#*&"$)6- #7- 1#"$40.#()(&- 89()+"+)",! Q0,R,! 5)++&#(6()$*;!B*).&#+)(2!$>!Q)((+1/#80,!

S6112;! T&$*6#5,! 7NOPODUVVU:! JW/1%&'(3&++*&++;! &=(&#*63! +/1'6(&8$#)X6A()$*;!6*5!(0&!"#$%&'()$*!"#)*')"3&K,!:%#("+9-;)$+14-<(.*94-=)-7+>#>#/+?3-+- >+"/!+*$+93- YU7U:Z! [\]V,! ^L&"#)*(&5Z! @#3(")>- #7- <>)!+1- >+"/3+*$+1*- NVZ!Y]N\PP,_!

! ! ,! 7NOO]:! JI! (0&(6A(0&$#&()'! 6*632+)+! $>! 65.&#+)(2! )9"&#+$*63!+&*(&*'&+!)*!L/++)6*K,!W&#8&2!I.#/()*;!W(&.&*!`#6*4+;!6*5!T%)3%6*6!Q#$8$.6';! &5+,! A#(0)>- )..(#)154*- $#- <>)!+1- >+"/3+*$+1*B- '54- ;C'-044$+"/,!I**!I#1$#;!a?Z!a)'0)86*!W36.)'!Q/13)'6()$*+;!Ub\c[,!

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28 JAMES E. LAVINE

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30 JAMES E. LAVINE

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Case and Events in Transitive...

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