The carbon footprint,

refers to the amount of CO2 that is emitted during the creation of products or services.

വ്യക്തിയ ോ,വ്സ്തുയവ്ോ,സംഘയ ോ,സംഭവ്യ ോ കോരണ ോ ി പ്രതയക്ഷത്തിയ ോ രയരോക്ഷ ോയ ോ രുറപ്പെടുവ്ിക്കുന്ന co2 അളവ്ിപ്പെ ോണ്‌ കാർബൺ ഫൂട്ട്പ്രിന്റ്എന്ന് വ്ിളിക്കുന്നത്[1

in other words: When you drive a car, the engine burns fuel which creates a certain amount of CO2, depending on its fuel consumption and the driving distance. When you heat your house with oil, gas or coal, then you also generate CO2. Even if you heat your house with electricity, the generation of the electrical power may also have emitted a certain amount of CO2. When you buy food and goods, the production of the food and goods also emitted some quantities of CO2.

CO2 can be emitted through

transport land clearance

food, Fuels

manufactured goods wood

roads buildings

carbon accounting

carbon capture,

Carbon Offsetting

The University of California

Berkeley's Cool Climate Network research consortium

Carbon Story

population

economic output

energy

carbon intensity of the economy

Driving .

Transportation (driving, flying)

housing (electricity, natural gas, waste, construction)

Food (mostly from meat, dairy and seafood products)

The carbon footprint of U.S. households is about 5 times greater than the global average

USA’s carbon emission per annum =50 tons

The global carbon emission =10 tons

CARBON EMISSION

Direct carbon emission

Indirect carbon emission

It is mainly through transportation

• Flight

• Road

• Rail

• Sea

Average for _________ travel

___g /km Co2e

CAR 98

URBAN BUS 58

HIGHWAY BUS 49

china

40%

U.S.A

13%

U K

9%

India

Russian

federation

Japan

canada

2%

brazil

1%

rest

23%

Carbon emissions by burning fuels(2011)

4%

3%

5%

Indirect Carbon emission

Food Textiles

materials cement

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8X a

xis

5.63

4.67

3.91 3.81

2.9

X axis-TYPE OF FOOD EARERSY axis-Kg OF CO2 RELEASED1 unit =(kg of co2 equivalent)

Y axis

7.19

The precise carbon footprint of different textiles varies considerably according to a wide range of factors. However, studies of textile production in Europe suggest the following carbon dioxide equivalent emissions footprints per kilo of texile at the point of purchase by a consumer: - - -

SEE THE GRAPH

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

cottton PET wool nylon

5.43

X axis – commodityY axis- co2 equivalent in kg

Y a

xis

X axis

7

5.555.48

Combustion of fossil fuels - old version

Using nuclear energy – a practical way

Uranium vs thorium

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Refuse

Drive less

Do not use Air conditioners or heaters

Choose the appropriate diet

IS EVERYTHING CLEAR ?

Agriculture

It is the act of farming using

principles of --

Ecology

The study of relationships between organisms and their environment.

Definition: "Sustainable agriculture is the efficient production of safe, high quality agricultural products, in a way that protects and improves the natural environment, the social and economic conditions of farmers, their employees and local communities, and safeguards the health and welfare of all farmed species."

sustain the economic viability of farm operations

enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole."

;

make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls

satisfy human food and fiber needs;

enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends;

Environmental Preservation

Upholding Animal Welfare

Sustaining Vibrant Communities

Protection of Public Health

Sustaining Vibrant Communities

Sustainable farms produce crops and raise animals without relying on toxic chemical pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified seeds, G or practices that degrade soil, water, or other natural resources. By growing a variety of plants and using techniques such as crop rotation, conservation tillage, and pasture-based livestock husbandry G, sustainable farms protect biodiversity and foster the development and maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

Sustainable farmers and ranchers treat animals with care and respect, implementing livestock husbandry practices that protect animals' health and wellbeing. By raising livestock on pasture, these farmers enable their animals to move freely, engage in instinctive behaviors, consume a natural diet, and avoid the stress and illness associated with confinement.

A critical component of sustainable agriculture is its ability to remain economically viable, providing farmers, farmworkers, food processors, and others employed in the food system with a livable wage and safe, fair working conditions. Sustainable farms also bolster local and regional economies, creating good jobs and building strong communities.

Food production should never come at the expense of human health. Since sustainable crop farms avoid hazardous pesticides, they're able to grow fruits and vegetables that are safer for consumers, workers, and surrounding communities. Likewise, sustainable livestock farmers and ranchers raise animals without dangerous practices like use of nontherapeuticantibiotics G or arsenic-based growth promoters. Through careful, responsible management of livestock waste, sustainable farmers also protect humans from exposure to pathogens, toxins, and other hazardous pollutants.

Unfortunately, most food produced in the US is no longer grown or raised on sustainable farms. During the mid-1900s, US agriculture began to industrialize, becoming increasingly mechanized and reliant upon resource-intensive inputs like synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Over time, farms became larger, more specialized, and centralized, creating a process of extreme consolidation that drove many small farms out of business, and ultimately resulted in market control by a handful of powerful corporations. Although industrial agriculture now produces great quantities of food at low prices, it is able to do so only by implementing practices that threaten the environment, human health, rural communities, and animal welfare.

Is due to wind and water erosion of exposed topsoil; soil compaction; loss of soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and biological activity; and salinization of soils and irrigation water in irrigated farming areas.

due to overgrazing

it is a growing problem, especially in parts of Africa

due to overuse of surface and ground water for irrigation with little concern for the natural cycle that maintains stable water availability.

Industrial Agricultural contribute to water pollutants that include: sediments, salts, fertilizers, pesticides, and manures. This leades to Eutrophication

.Reduced water quality –

this affects

• agricultural production

• drinking water supplies,

• fishery production.

over 400 insects and mite pests and more than 70 fungal pathogens that have become resistant to one or more pesticides

declining of pollinator and other beneficial species through pesticide use

loss of wetlands and wildlife habitat

Agriculture's link to global climate change is just beginning to be appreciated. Destruction of tropical forests and other native vegetation for agricultural production has a role in elevated levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

Selection of species and varieties that are well suited to the site and to conditions on the farm;

Diversification of crops (including livestock) and cultural practices to enhance the biological and economic stability of the farm;

Management of the soil to enhance and protect soil quality;

Efficient and humane use of inputs; and Consideration of farmers' goals and lifestyle

choices.

Water

Energy

Air

Soil.

Water is the principal resource that has helped agriculture and society to prosper, and it has been a major limiting factor when mismanaged.

Several steps should be taken to develop drought-resistant farming systems

improving water conservation and storage measures

providing incentives for selection of drought-tolerant crop species

using reduced-volume irrigation systems

managing crops to reduce water loss

salinization and contamination

solutions-

use of salt-tolerant crops

low-volume irrigation

various management techniques

non-renewable energy sources

In sustainable agricultural there is reduced use of non-renewable energy sources and maximum use of labour

smoke from agricultural burning

dust from tillage

traffic and harvest

pesticide drift from spraying

nitrous oxide emissions from the use of nitrogen fertilizer

Soil erosion –a threat

No-till farming

Keyline design

Growing wind breaks to hold the soil

Various cropping patterns

So we are coming to an end ………

In order to sustain something in our environment , for our future generations ,

We will have to prepare for a mass movement

That will change the world.

Archith Sudheer

Gadha Anand

Minu Alex

&

Suman Sulthana

Prepared by