BaiTapHHDC-2013

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013

Lu : Nhng bi tp c du *.* l bi tp tham kho 1

BI TP HO PHN I CU TO NGUYN T V BNG H THNG TUN HON

1.

a. Khi chiu nh sng vi bc sng = 434 nm vo b mt cc kim loi: K, Ca, Zn, i vi kim loi no s xy ra hiu ng quang in? b. Vi trng hp xy ra hiu ng quang in - Hy tnh vn tc e khi bt ra khi b mt kim loi.

Cho bit tn s gii hn ca cc kim loi

Kim loi K Ca Zn

o(s-1

) 5,5.1014

7,1.1014

10,4.1014

p s: a. Kim loi K b. v = 4,53.10

5 m.s

-1

2. Nng lng phn ly lin kt I - I trong phn t I2 l 150,48kJ.mol-1. Nng lng ny c th

s dng di dng nh sng. Hy tnh bc sng nh sng cn s dng trong qu trnh ny. p s: 795 nm

3. Trong nguyn t hidro trng thi c bn gi thit bn knh trung bnh ca qu o electron l 0,53.10

-10 m, hy tnh bt nh trong vn tc chuyn ng ca electron.

p s: vx 6,9.106 m/s.

4. Hy tnh bc sng ca sng vt cht lin kt vi mt my bay c khi lng 100 tn bay vi vn tc 1000 km/h v ca sng lin kt vi mt electron c khi lng bng 9,1x10-31 kg chuyn ng vi vn tc 106 m/s.Rt ra nhn xt?

p s: mb = 2,385.10-41

m

e = 7,28.10-10

m

5. Ion R3+ c hai phn lp ngoi cng l 3p63d2 a. Vit cu hnh electron ca R v R3+ di dng ch v . b. Xc nh Z, chu k, nhm, phn nhm ca R. c. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht ca R d. Nu cc b tr s c th c ca 4 s lng t i vi 2 electron 3d2 ca ion R3+.

6. Mt nguyn t R thuc chu k 4 c th to hp cht kh dng RH3 v to oxit cao nht dng R2O5. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R v cc ion R

3+, R

5+. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng h thng tun hon.

7. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t c Z = 9, 11, 16. T hy cho bit: a. Nguyn t no trong cc nguyn t trn c nng lng ion ho I1 ln nht, nguyn t no c

nng lng ion ho I1 nh nht. b. Cation v anion no d c to thnh nht t mi nguyn t.

8. Tnh nng lng ion ho ca nguyn t H; ion He+ v ion Li2+ trng thi c bn v gii thch s bin thin nng lng ion ho theo dy H, He+, Li2+.

p s: I H = 13,6eV I He+ = 54,4eV

I Li2+ = 122,4eV

I tng v Z i vi e tng

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


9. Radi (Ra) Z = 88 l nguyn t kim th ( chu k 7). Hy d on nguyn t kim th tip theo s c s th t l bao nhiu.

p s: Z = 120

LIN KT HO HC 1. Vit cc cng thc Lewis c th c ca cc phn t v ion sau: PO4

3-, SO4

2-, NO2

-, NO2

+,

CO32-

.

2. Theo quan im ca thuyt cp e lin kt (thuyt ho tr v lin kt thuyt VB), hy gii thch:

a. Cc trng thi ho tr c th c ca S (Z = 16), Cl (Z = 17) b. V sao nguyn t Nit (Z = 7) khng th c ho tr 5.

3. Dng thuyt cp e lin kt (thuyt VB) gii thch s to thnh cc phn t v ion: B2, BF, BF3, BF4

-.

4. V sao phn t NH3 c dng thp tam gic, cn phn t BF3 c dng tam gic phng.

5. Hy gii thch ti sao trong dy: H2O H2S H2Se gc lin kt cng gn vi gc vung?

6. Hy cho bit cc loi lin kt c trong cc phn t sau: Cl2, O2, N2, CO2, (H2O)x, (HF)2, NH3, NH4

+, KF

Bit m in ca H C O N F K 2,1 2,5 3,5 3,0 4 0,8

*7*. Trn c s thuyt VB, hy m t cc lin kt trong cc phn t: CH3 CH3; CH2 = CH2;

CH CH bng s xen ph cc AO. Ghi trn s : lin kt no l lin kt , lin kt no l lin

kt .

8. Cho cc phn t v ion B2, B2+, F2, F2

-

a. Hy v gin nng lng cc MO v cu hnh e ca cc phn t v ion . b. Tnh bc lin kt. c. Nhn xt v bn lin kt v di lin kt ca B2 vi B2

+, F2 vi F2

-.

d. Nhn xt t tnh. e. So snh cc kt qu trn vi phng php cp e lin kt (VB).

*9*. Hy cho bit cc AO c th tham gia to MO lin kt trong cc trng hp: a. To phn t HF t H v F. b. To phn t HCl t H v Cl. c. To phn t CO t C v O.

10. Gii thch v sao nng lng ion ho ca cc phn t H2, N2, C2, CO cao hn nng lng ion ho ca cc nguyn t tng ng v nng lng ion ho ca cc phn t F2, O2, NO li thp hn nng lng ion ho ca cc nguyn t tng ng.

H C N O F

I1 ( kJ/mol ) 1308 1083 1396 1312 1675

H2 C2 N2 O2 F2 CO NO

I1 1488 1154 1507 1173 1526 1354 913

11. C cc phn t v ion sau: SO2, CO2, OF2, BF3, CF4, H3O+

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


Hy cho bit mi nguyn t trung tm ca cc phn t v ion trn c dng lai ho g v cu trc khng gian ca chng. Phn t no c mmen lng cc phn t bng khng, phn t no c mmen lng cc phn t khc khng?

12. Bit nhit si v nhit ho hi ca cc hp cht sau: HF HCl HBr HI

Ts (K) 292 189 206 238

Hhh (KJ/mol) 32,6 16,3 17,6 19,6

Nhn xt v gii thch quy lut bin thin ca cc i lng ?

13. LiF c mmen = 6,5D, khong cch gia hai ht nhn l = 1,56Ao. Hy tnh ion ca lin kt trong LiF.

p s: 87% 14. Thc nghim xc nh c mmen lng cc ca phn t H2O l 1,85D, gc lin kt HOH = 104,5

o, di lin kt O H l 0,0957nm a. Tnh momen lng cc lin kt O H (b qua mmen to ra do cc cp e khng lin kt ca oxi).

b. Tnh ion c trong lin kt O H.

p s: a. O-H = 1,51D b. 32,8%

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


PHN II: NHIT NG HC, NG HO HC V IN HO HC CHNG I: P DNG NGUYN L TH NHT CA NHIT NG HC VO HO HC

NHIT HO HC

1. Khi t chy 0,532g hi benzen 25oC v th tch khng i vi mt lng oxy d, to ra 22475,746J sn phm l CO2(k) v H2O (l) Tnh: a/ Nhit chy ca benzen th tch khng i.

b/ H ca phn ng khi t chy 1 mol benzen?

p s: a. U = Qv = -3295,316 kJ.mol-1

b. H = - 3301,51 kJ

2. 25oC v di p sut 1atm, nhit chy ca xiclopropan kh (CH2)3, ca graphit v ca hydr ln lt bng -2091,372; -393,513 v -285,838kJ.mol-1. Cng iu kin entanpi to thnh ca propen kh CH3 CH = CH2 bng 20,414kJ.mol

-1.

Tnh: a/ Ho298,s ca xiclopropan kh?

b/ Ho298 ca phn ng ng phn ho: (CH2)3(k) CH2 = CH CH3(k)

p s: a. Ho298,s = 53,319 kJ.mol-1

b. Ho298 = -32,905 kJ

3. Tnh Ho ca phn ng sau 1500K? Cgr + O2(k) = CO2(k)

Cho bit :

Ho298,s (kJ.mol-1

) Cpo (J.K

-1.mol

-1)

Cgr - 8,64

O2(k) - 29,36

CO2(k) - 393,51 37,13

p s: Ho1500K = -394,556 kJ

4. 25oC v p sut 101,325kPa, entanpi to thnh ca axtnitryl CH3CN trng thi kh

bng 88,0 kJ.mol-1. Tnh nng lng to lin kt C N trong phn t ny t cc nguyn t? Bit rng nng lng to thnh cc lin kt C H v C C ln lt bng -413 kJ.mol-1 v -348 kJ.mol

-1 v:

Cgraphit Chi Ho

thng hoa = 718,4 kJ.mol-1

H(k) 2

1H2(k) H

o = -218,0 kJ

2N(k) N2(k) Ho = -946,0 kJ.mol

-1

p s: -888,8 kJ.mol-1

5. Tnh nhit ngn la CO chy trong hai trng hp sau: a/ Chy trong oxy tinh khit. b/ Chy trong khng kh (20% O2 v 80% N2 theo th tch) Bit lng oxy va cho phn ng sau:

CO(k) + 2

1O2(k) CO2(k) H

o298 = -283 kJ

Gi thit ban u 25oC nhit dung mol ca cc cht nh sau: Cp

o(CO2,k) = 30,5 + 2.10

-2.T J.K

-1.mol

-1

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


Cpo(N2,k) = 27,2 + 4,2.10

-3.T J.K

-1.mol

-1

p s: a. T 4098 K

b. T 2555 K

CHNG II: P DNG NGUYN L TH HAI CA NHIT NG HC VO HO HC.

CHIU V GII HN T DIN BIN CA QU TRNH

1. Tnh s bin i entrpi ca qu trnh dn n kh Agon ban u 25oC v p sut p = 1atm ng trong bnh 500 cm3 ti th tch 1000 cm3 v nhit 100oC? Cho bit nhit dung mol ng tch ca Agon bng 12,48J.K-1.mol-1.

p s: S = 0,1753 J/K

*2*. Trn ln n1 mol kh A vi n2 mol kh B, cho bit lc ban u nhit v p sut ca hai

kh l nh nhau v chng u l cc kh l tng. a- Tnh s bin i entrpi ca qu trnh trn ln trn.

b- p dng c th A: H2 n1 = 1mol B : N2 n2 = 1mol

c- Ging nh cu hi (a) nhng A v B l cng mt kh. d- Tnh bin thin entanpi t do qu trnh trn ln trn.

p s: a. S = -R(n1lnNA + n2lnNB)

b. S = 11,523 J/K

c. S = 0

d. G = RT(n1lnNA + n2lnNB)

*3*. Tnh bin thin entanpi t do ca qu trnh ng c ca 1mol nc lng -10oC? Cho bit -10oC p sut ca hi nc bo ho l 2,149 mm Hg v ca nc l 1,950 mm Hg. p s: -212,48 J.mol-1

*4*. S xy ho Glucza thnh CO2 v H2O 25oC theo phn ng

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

Php o nhit lng k thu c U = -2810 KJ.mol-1 v S = 182,4 J.K-1.mol-1. Phn no ca nng lng ny c th khai thc di dng nhit v phn no di dng cng?

p s: Qv = U = -2810 KJ.mol-1

Wmax =-2864,35 kJ.mol-1

5. a- Tnh Ho v Go ca phn ng sau 298K? CO(k) + H2O(h) CO2(k) + H2(k)

b- Tm phng trnh biu th s ph thuc ca HoT v Go

T ca phn ng trn vo nhit ?

Gi tr ca Ho298,s , Go

298,s v Co

p ca cc cht ly t bng 1 (cui sch).

p s: a. Ho298 = -41,16 kJ

Go298 = -28,52 kJ

GoT = -42128,5 + 64,187T 3,25T.lnT (J)

b. HoT = -42128,5 + 3,25T (J)

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


CHNG III: CN BNG HO HC

1. CuSO4 . 5(H2O)tt CuSO4 . 3(H2O)tt + 2H2Oh

25oC c hng s cn bng Kp = 1,086.10-4. Bit p sut hi bo ha ca hi nc trong khng

kh 25oC l 3,13.10-2atm. Hi CuSO4.3H2Ott c phi l cht ht m khng? Ti sao? p s: CuSO4 . 3(H2O)tt l cht ht m

2. Khi nung NH4Cl xy ra phn ng NH4Cl(tt) NH3(k) + HCl(k) 427oC, p sut hi ca n

bng 4560mmHg. 459oC p sut hi tng ln ti 8360mmHg. Tnh:

a- Hng s cn bng Kp

b- S bin thin entanpi t do chun Go c- S bin i entanpi chun Ho

d- S bin i entrpi t do chun So ca phn ng nhit phn NH4Cl 427

oC? Gi s hi tun theo tnh cht kh l tng. p s: a. Kp(700) = 9

b. Go700 = -12,7874 kJ.mol-1

c. Ho = 161,387 kJ.mol-1

d. Go700 = 249 J.mol

-1

3. a- Tnh phn ly ca amnic thnh nit v hyr 2000C di p sut tng cng lc cn bng l 1atm v 0,8 atm? Cho bit s bin i entanpi t do chun ca phn ng

NH3(k) 1/2 N2 (k) + 3/2 H2(k)

GoT = 43513,6 - 29,706T. lgT - 15,86T (J.mol-1

)

b- Kt qu ny c ph hp vi nguyn l Le Chtelier khng? Ti sao? c- Cng bi ton trn nhng p sut ban u l 1atm v 0,8 atm? p s: a. 73,09% v 76,75% c. 64% v 67,87%

4. a- Tnh hng s cn bng 298K ca phn ng: CO(k) + H2O(h) CO2(k) + H2(k)

b- Tm phng trnh biu th s ph thuc ca KP vo nhit T? c- Tnh nng cc cht lc cn bng 298 K v 1000 K nu nng ban u ca (CO)

= 1 mol.l-1

v ca (H2O) = 6 mol.l-1? Kt qu tnh ton ny c ph hp vi nguyn l Le

Chtelier khng? Ti sao? Cc s liu nhit ng ly ph lc 1. p s: a. Kp = 99834,58

b. lnKp = -7,72 + T

17,5067 + 0,39lnT

c. 298K : [CO] = 2.10-6

M

[H2O] = 5 M

[CO2] = [H2] 1M 1000K : [CO] = 0,1386 M

[H2O] = 5,1386 M

[CO2] = [H2] = 0,8614 M

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


5. Cho SO2 phn ng vi O2 khng kh 700 K c mt cht xc tc to thnh SO3 theo phn ng: 2SO2(k) + O2(k) 2SO3(k) Khi cn bng p sut 1atm thu c hn hp kh cha 0,21 mol SO2; 5,37 mol O2; 10,30 mol SO3 v 84,12 mol N2.

Tnh: a. Hng s cn bng Kp 700K. b. Thnh phn ban u ca hn hp kh. c. T l chuyn ho SO2 thnh SO3. d. Nu trong hn hp ban u khng c N2, cn s mol SO2 v O2 vn gi nguyn nh c th t l chuyn ho l bao nhiu? p sut ca h khi cn bng vn gi l 1 atm. p s: a. Kp = 4,48.10

4

b. 2SO

n 10,51 mol

2O

n 10,52 mol

2N

n 84,12 mol

c. = 98%

d. = 99,2% 6. Cho cc phn ng:

2H2(k) + CH3COOH(k) 2CH3OH(k) lgK1p= 5,43 3149.T-1

CH3OH(k) + CO(k) CH3COOH(k) lgK2p= 6,61 1835.T-1

a. Tm phng trnh lgK3p= f(T) v Go(3) = f(T) ca phn ng:

CO(k) + 2H2(k) CH3OH(k) (3)

b. Xc nh Ho, So ca phn ng (3) (nu coi chng khng i theo nhit ) p s: a. lgKp = 12,04 4984.T

-1

GoT = 95429 230,53.T (J)

b. Ho = 95429 (J); So = 230,53 (J.K-1)

CHNG IV: CN BNG PHA. H MT CU T.

1. C bao nhiu pha trong cc trng hp sau: a. Trong mt bnh h cha mt na nc lng, na cn li l khng kh bo ho hi nc? b. Trong mt bnh dung tch 1 lt cha 2g nc, khng c khng kh nhit 1000C, p = 1 atm? c. Trong hn hp du v nc phn tn di dng nh tng?

2. C bao nhiu bc t do trong mi h sau v hy cho bit cc thng s trng thi no c th din gii cc bc t do ny: a. Nc lng v hi nc nm cn bng vi nhau di p sut l 1 atm. b. Nc lng v hi nc nm cn bng vi nhau. c. I2 phn b gia nc lng v benzen lng di p sut l 1 atm v khng c mt I2 rn. d. CaCO3 rn nm cn bng vi CaO rn v CO2.

*3*. Di p sut 1 atm, nc si 1000C. Hi di p sut 1,95 atm nc si nhit no?

Cho bit 1000C Hbh ca nc bng 40,66 kJ.mol-1

?

p s: 119,71oC

4. a- Xc nh gi tr ca Go v KP 298 K ca phn ng:

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


1/2N2 (k) + 3/2H2(k) NH3(k)

b- Thit lp biu thc s ph thuc ca KP vo T? Tnh gi tr ca KP 773 K? c- Hy chng minh rng hiu sut ca phn ng c ln nht phi trn N2 vi H2 theo t l 1: 3? d-Tm iu kin hiu sut ca phn ng ln 773 K. e- Tnh p sut ring phn ca NH3 nu duy tr p sut tng cng bng 50 atm v 100 atm v cc cht phn ng ly theo t l N2: H2 = 1: 3 theo s mol.

Gi tr ca Ho298,s , So

298,s v CoP ca cc cht ly trong bng 1 (cui sch)

p s: a. Go298 = -16,63 kJ; Kp = 822,39

b. lnKp = 5,919 + T

4,4761 - 2,66lnT

Kp(773) = 3,65.10-3

d. Tng p sut e. P = 50 atm; PNH3 = 2,655 atm

P = 100 atm; PNH3 = 8,09 atm

*5*. a- Tm iu kin tng hp cacbon oxyt CO t graphit v oxi? Bit rng khi t chy graphit c th xy ra ng thi bn phn ng:

(1) C(gr) + O2(k) CO2 G0

T = -394132,8 - 0,8368T (J.mol-1

)

(2) C(gr) + CO2(k) 2CO(k)

(3) C(gr) + 1/2O2(k) CO(k) G0

T = -111.712,8 - 87,6548T (J.mol-1

)

(4) 2CO(k) + O2(k) 2CO2(k)

b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo p sut ca CO v CO2 trong hn hp cn bng di p sut tng cng l 1 atm v 800, 900 v 10000C?

c- Cng cu hi trn nhng p sut tng cng l 0,5atm? Kt qu tnh ton ny c ph hp vi nguyn l Le Chtelier khng? Ti sao?

p s: a. Thiu khng kh hoc oxi hn ch phn ng chy ca CO, T > 978K, P thp

b. 1073K: 87,86% CO v 12,14% CO2 1173K: 97,1% CO v 2,9% CO2

1273K: 99,23% CO v 0,77% CO2 c. 1073K: 93,17% CO v 6,83% CO2

1173K: 98,51% CO v 1,49% CO2

1273K: 99,61% CO v 0,39% CO2

*6*. Bng thc nghim, ngi ta xc nh mt hn hp kh gm 1,95% CO v 98,05% CO2 (theo th tch) nm cn bng vi Niken v oxit ca n trng thi rn v nguyn cht di p sut 1atm v 1500oC. Tnh p sut ring phn ca oxi nm cn bng vi Niken v oxit nguyn cht ca n v entanpi t do to thnh chun ca NiO nhit ny ch da vo cc d kin sau:

Cgr + 2

1O2(k) CO(k) G

oT = -111712,8 87,6548T (J)

Cgr + O2(k) CO2(k) Go

T = -394132,8 0,8368T (J) p s: PO2 = 6,78.10

-5 atm

Go1773K = -70742,722 J.mol-1

CHNG V + VI: DUNG DCH - DUNG DCH IN LY

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


1. Dung dch ng v dung dch Na2SO4 cha s mol ca cht ho tan c trong mt lng nc bng nhau. cng mt nhit , p sut hi bo ho ca hai dung dch c bng nhau khng? Ti sao?

2. C hai dung dch cha mt lng nc bng nhau. Dung dch th nht cha 0,5mol ng, dung dch th hai cha 0,2 mol CaCl2. Hai dung dch ny ng c cng mt nhit . Xc nh in ly biu kin ca CaCl2 trong dung dch ny? p s: 75% 3. 50oC p sut ca hi nc bo ho bng 92,51 mm Hg. Tnh p sut hi bo ho ca dung dch cha 1 mol NaCl trong 1000g nc, nu in ly biu kin ca NaCl trong dung ny bng 70%.

p s: 89,68 mmHg

4. Trong dung dich nng 0,1M, in ly ca axit axtic bng 1,32%. nng no ca dung dch in ly ca n bng 90%?

p s: 2,179.10-6 M

5. Tnh nng ion H3O+ v pH ca cc dung dch sau:

a. HNO3 0,1M; 10-8

M?

b. KOH 0,2M; 10-8M? c. NaCH3COO 0,1M? d. NH4Cl 0,1M? e. NH4CH3COO 0,1M; 0,01M? f. NaHCO3 0,1M? Cho bit Ka (CH3COOH) = 1,75. 10

-5, Ka(NH4

+) = 5,6.10

-10 v hng s in ly ca axit H2CO3

l K1 v K2 ln lt bng 4,31.10-7

v 5,61.10-11

.

p s: a. 1; 6,98 b. 13,3; 7,02; c. 8,88 d. 5,12;

e. 7; f. 8,31

6. Chng minh rng dung dch long cha hn hp cng s mol ca NH4Cl v NH3 l dung dch m, pH ca n khng bin i khi pha long. pH ca dung dch ny l 9,25, tnh Kb ca NH3.

p s: pH = 14 + lgKb Kb = 1,78.10

-5

7. ho tan ca PbI2 180C bng 1,5.10-3 mol.l-1. Tnh:

a. Nng ca ion Pb2+ v I- trong dung dch bo ho PbI2 180C?

b. Tch s ho tan ca PbI2 180C?

c. Khi thm KI vo th ho tan ca PbI2 tng hay gim? Ti sao? d. Mun gim ho tan ca PbI2 i 15 ln th phi thm bao nhiu mol KI vo trong 1lt dung

dch bo ho PbI2? p s: a. [Pb2+] = 1,5.10-3M v [I-] = 3.10-3 M b. TPbI2 = 1,35.10

-8

d. 1,14.10-2

mol/lt

8. ho tan ca canxi oxalat CaC2O4 trong dung dch amn oxalat (NH4)2C2O4 0,05M s nh hn trong nc nguyn cht bao nhiu ln nu in ly biu kin ca amn oxalat bng 70% v tch s ho tan ca canxi oxalat bng 3,8.10-9?

p s: 570 ln

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


9. Tnh xem pH no ca dung dch FeCl3 0,1M bt u kt ta Fe(OH)3? Cho bit tch s ho tan ca Fe(OH)3 bng 3,8.10

-38.

p s: 1,86

CHNG VII: NG HO HC

1) 150oC mt phn ng kt thc trong 16 pht. Tnh xem 2000C v 800C phn ng ny kt thc trong bao lu? Cho bit h s nhit ca phn ng bng 2,5.

p s: 0,16 pht v 162,76 gi

2) Mt phn ng tin hnh vi vn tc v 20oC. Hi phi tng nhit ln ti bao nhiu vn tc ca phn ng tng ln 1024 ln? Cho bit h s nhit ca phn ng bng 2.

p s: 120oC

3) Phn ng ho hc lm cho sa chua c nng lng hot ho bng 43,05 kJ.mol-1. Hy so snh tc ca phn ng ny 30oC v 5oC.

p s: 4,649 ln 4) Phn ng phn hu H2O2 l phn ng bc nht. Nng lng hot ho Ea ca n bng 75,312

kJ.mol-1. Khi c mt men xc tc c trong vt thng, nng lng hot ho ca n ch cn l

8,368 kJ.mol-1

. Tnh xem 200C khi c mt men xc tc vn tc ca phn ng tng ln bao nhiu so vi khi khng c xc tc?

p s: 8,61.1011 ln

5) Nghin cu s thu phn ca mt este tan trong nc: R COOR + NaOH R COONa + ROH

Ngi ta thy: - Nu tng nng ca NaOH ln hai ln th vn tc ban u ca phn ng s tng ln gp i. - Nu tng nng ca este ln hai ln ta cng c kt qu nh vy.

a. Xc nh bc ca phn ng v dng ca phng trnh ng hc. b. Ngi ta cho 0,01mol NaOH v 0,01mol este vo 1lt nc (th tch khng thay i). Sau 200 pht 3/5 este b thu phn. Tnh: - Hng s vn tc ca phn ng

- Thi gian 99% este b thu phn. p s: k = 0,75mol-1.l.ph-1 t = 13200 pht

6) Mt cht phng x c chu k bn hu t1/2 = 30 nm. Hi trong bao nhiu nm 99,9% s nguyn t ca cht b phn hu phng x?

p s: 298,96 nm

7) Ccbon 14 phn r phng x theo phn ng sau:

NeC 1470

1

14

6 Chu k bn phn hu ca n t1/2 = 5730 nm. Xc nh nin i ca mt xc p c c phng x 2,5 nguyn t phn r trong 1 pht tnh cho 1g C. Bit rng cc vt sng phng x l 15,3 nguyn t phn r trong mt pht tnh cho 1g C. p s: 14975,5 nm

8. 2NO(k) + Cl2(k) 2NOCl(k) Bng thc nghim xc nh c phng trnh dng hc: v = k.[NO]2.[Cl2]

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


Chng minh rng c ch phn ng nh sau ph hp vi phng trnh ng hc trn

2NO(k) N2O2(k)

N2O2(k) + Cl2(k) 2NOCl(k)

9. CH3CHO(k) CH4(k) + CO(k) xy ra 477oC

Lc u ch c CH3CHO(k). p sut tng cng o c thi gian nh sau:

t (pht) 0 8,6 19,7 33,9

P (mmHg) 212,5 233,7 255,0 276

Chng minh phn ng trn l bc 1 v tnh hng s vn tc k ca phn ng. p s: 1,13.10-2 pht-1.

CHNG VIII: CC QU TRNH IN HO

1. Mt pin gm mt in cc bc nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 1M v mt in cc ng nhng vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M. Vit k hiu ca pin trn? Cho bit S = -0,462 V. Vit

phng trnh ca phn ng xy ra khi pin lm vic? Cho oAg+/Ag = 0,799V; oCu2+/Cu = 0,337V

2. Mt pin gm mt in cc hir tiu chun (ghi bn tri) v mt in cc Niken nhng vo dung dch NiSO4 0,01M c sut in ng l -0,309V.Tnh th kh chun ca Niken?

p s: -0,25V

3. xc nh hng s in ly ca axit axtic ngi ta thit lp pin Pt (H2) | H3O

+ 1M || CH3COOH 0,01M | (H2) Pt

PH2 = 1 atm

Sut in ng ca pin ny bng - 0,1998V ( 250C). Tnh hng s in ly ca axit axtic? p s: 1,76.10-5

4. Cho 1 pin: Ag | ddAg2SO4 bo ho || AgNO3 2M | Ag.

25oC pin c sut in ng bng 0,109V. Tnh tch s tan ca Ag2SO4 . p s: 1,1453.10-5

5. Tch s ho tan ca AgI bng 10-16. Cho oAg+/Ag = 0,799V a. Tnh th kh ca in cc bc nhng vo dung dch bo ho AgI? b. Bc c th y c H2 ra khi dung dch HI 1M v HI 10

-2M khng?

p s: a. 0,327V

b. HI 1M: y c v Ag+/Ag = -0,145V < oH3O+/H2 = 0,00V HI 10

-2M khng y c v

Ag+/Ag = -0,027V > H3O+/H2 = -0,118V

6. Cho oFe2+/Fe = - 0,44V v oFe3+/Fe2+ = + 0,771V

a. Tnh oFe3+/Fe b. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng 2Fe

3+.aq + Fer 3Fe

2+.aq

B mn Ho V c i cng 8:34:18 PM8/22/2013


T rt ra kt lun g v iu kin tng hp FeSO4.7H2O bng cch cho phoi bo st tc dng vi H2SO4 long?

p s: a. - 0,036V b. K = 1,12.10

41

7.

a. Cho bit oAg+/Ag = 0,8V v oFe3+/Fe2+ = +0,771V. Vit phng trnh ca cc phn ng xy ra khi trn ln ba dung dch sau vi nhau: - 25ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 0,1M - 25ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 1M - 50ml dung dch AgNO3 0,6M trong c th mt s mnh bc vn. b. gi tr no ca t s Fe3+/Fe2+ phn ng bt u i chiu? (cc iu kin khc khng i)

p s: b. 96,0]Fe[

]Fe[2

3

8. Cho:

HClO + H3O+ + e = 1/2 Cl2(k) + 2H2O

o = 1,63V

Cl2 (k) + 2e + aq = 2Cl- .aq o = 1,36V

Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng: a. Cl2(k) + 2H2O HClO + Cl

- .aq + H3O

+

b. Cl2.aq + 2H2O HClO + Cl- .aq + H3O

+

Cho bit

)k(Cl

2

2P

]aq.Cl[= 0,066

p s: a. 2,653.10-5

b. 4,02.10-4

9. Cho oHg22+/Hg = 0,798V v o

Hg2+

/Hg22+ = 0,91V; THgS = 4.10

-53. Tnh hng s cn bng ca cc

phn ng: a. Hg2

2+ Hg + Hg

2+

b. Hg22+

+ S2-

HgS + Hg

p s: a. 1,26.10-2

b. 3,16.1050

BaiTapHHDC-2013

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