Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in...
Transcript of Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in...
![Page 1: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes?
2015 Michigan Inland Lakes HABs Survey Results
Sarah Holden, Aquatic BiologistWater Resources Division
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Morrison Lake, 2015April 28, 2016
![Page 2: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Define HABs
• HABs in Michigan
• 2015 monitoring• Status and trend• Targeted• What we did and results
• What’s next? 2016 plans
Overview
Lake Macatawa, 2012
![Page 3: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Algae bloom is a large increase in phytoplankton
• Lake aesthetics – clarity and smell
• ‘Harmful’ can = aesthetically unappealing, deplete dissolved oxygen, and produce toxins
• MDEQ using harmful = algal toxin production
Harmful Algae Blooms
Lake Erie
![Page 4: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Cyanobacteria/Bluegreen Algae
• Found naturally worldwide in fresh and salt water
• Many fix nitrogen and have resting spores
• Mobile‐ can harvest nutrients from sediments
• Produce over 80 known toxins
• Types of BGA in Michiganmicrocystis, aphanizomenon, anabaena, cylindrospermopsis, limnothrix, planktothrix
Cyanobacteria
![Page 5: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Human and Animal Health Risks• Hepatotoxins• Neurotoxins• Dermatologic effects
• Water Treatment Costs (Drinking water sources)
• Quality of Life• Recreation, property values, tax revenue,
employment
Cyanotoxinsmicrocystins anatoxin
cylindrospermopsin saxitoxin
![Page 6: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Toxin Reference DosesDioxin (0.000001 mg/kg‐d)Microcystin LR (0.000003 mg/kg‐d)Saxitoxin (0.000005 mg/kg‐d)PCBs (0.00002 mg/kg‐d)Cylindrospermopsin (0.00003 mg/kg‐d)Methylmercury (0.0001 mg/kg‐d)Anatoxin‐A (0.0005 mg/kg‐d)DDT (0.0005 mg/kg‐d)Selenium (0.005 mg/kg‐d)Botulinum toxin A (0.001 mg/kg‐d)Cyanide (0.02 mg/kg‐d)Atrazine (0.04 mg/kg‐d)Chlorine (0.1 mg/kg‐d)Ethylene Glycol (2 mg/kg‐d)
Lower Toxicity
Higher Toxicity
![Page 7: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Microcystin Risks for RecreationRecreational Use Warnings (µg/L)
USEPA In development
MI DEQ In development
World Health Organization 20
Ohio EPA 20
Illinois EPA 10
**Microcystin Finished Drinking Water Standards are Lower**
![Page 8: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“An algal bloom in recreational waters is harmful if microcystin levels are at or above the 20 ug/L WHO non‐drinking water guideline, or other algal toxins are at or above appropriate guidelines that have been reviewed by the MDEQ‐WRD.”
Working Michigan HAB Working Definition
A bloom should be considered potentially harmful when “the chlorophyll a level is grater than 20 ug/L and visible surface accumulations/scum are present, or cells are visible throughout the water column.”
Definition current as of 4/28/2016
![Page 9: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Michigan Inland Lake HABsSix studies in MI lakes sampled 232 lakes from 2002 to 2012
Study # Lakes Microcystin Results (µg/)DEQ – Public Lakes 41 < 1
EPA – NLA (2007, 2012) 103 < 10
CLMP – Volunteers/MSU 77 One sample > 10
GVSU – Muskegon Co. 7 Two samples > 1, all < 20
Leelanau Conservancy 6 One sample > 20, all others < 1
• No evidence of broad scale high concentrations of microcystin• MDEQ does get reports of and questions about algal blooms ‐ Need to have
plans and tools to monitor blooms, assess toxin concentrations, and improve understanding of HABs in MI
![Page 10: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MI DEQ 2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring
Status Inland Lakes
Targeted Inland Lakes
Lake Erie
• 22 Lakes• Microcystin test strips• 2 sample dates
• 7 Lakes• Microcystin test strips• Quantitative analysis
(multiple algal toxins)• 1 to 11 sample dates
• 7 Beaches• Microcystin test strips• Quantitative analysis
(microcystin)• ~ 10 sample dates
![Page 11: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐Methods
S
C
S
S
Algal toxins collected as surface grabs at center and 3 shoreline locations
Water chemistry in lake center • Phosphorus• Nitrogen• Chlorophyll a• Temperature• Dissolved Oxygen• Secchi Depth
Targeted Lakes Algal Toxin• Total Microcystin – Test Strip• HPLC‐MS
• Microcystin‐ LR, YR, RR, LA• Anatoxin‐A• Homoanatoxin‐a• Cylindrospermopsin• Deoxycylindrospermopsin
![Page 12: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsMicrocystin Test Strips
![Page 13: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsMicrocystin Test Strips (μg/L)
Lake (# test strips) < 1 1‐10 >10
22 Status and Trend Lakes (168)
164 4 0
7 Targeted Lakes (145) 95 39 101 lake3 lakes
1 lake
![Page 14: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ Results
0
50
100
150
200
6/13/15 7/4/15 7/25/15 8/15/15 9/5/15 9/26/15
Total M
icrocystin (H
PLC)
CrockeryFordHudsonJordanMacatawaMonaMorrison
HPLC‐MS Microcystin (μg/L)
![Page 15: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ Results
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
6/13/15 7/4/15 7/25/15 8/15/15 9/5/15 9/26/15
Total M
icrocystin(HPLC)
CrockeryFordHudsonJordanMacatawaMonaMorrison
HPLC‐MS Microcystin (μg/L)
World Health Org. #
![Page 16: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsHPLC‐MS Microcystin (μg/L)
0
10
20
30
40
Total M
icrocystin(HPLC)
Mona Lake
World Health Org. #
![Page 17: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsHPLC‐MS Microcystin (μg/L)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Total M
icrocystin(HPLC)
Crockery Lake
![Page 18: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsField Test Strips vs HPLC‐MS Microcystin (μg/L)
05
10152025303540
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
HPLC Total M
icrocystin (µ
g/L)
Test Strip Microcystin (µg/L)
• Misses some low concentrations• Over estimates some samples in the 0‐10 range• Identifies high samples well
![Page 19: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsMicrocystin
• Few high concentrations
• Spatial variability
• Temporal variability
• Not well correlated with other water chemistry variables
• Shoreline samples not significantly higher than lake center samples
![Page 20: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2015 Algal Toxin Monitoring ‐ ResultsAnatoxin and Cylindrospermopsin
Present in Michigan inland lakes at moderate to low rates at concentrations
Toxin # Quantified / # Collected
MaximumResult (µg/L)
RecreationalGuidance Values
(µg/L)Anatoxin 75 / 145 3.1 10 ‐ 300
Cylindrospermopsin 17 / 145 0.1 1 ‐ 20
![Page 21: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mona Lake, 2015
2016 Inland Lake Monitoring Plans• Status and Trend Program lakes• Microcystin Test Strips• Lakes with expected or reported algal blooms
• TMDL lakes monthly• Targeted lakes weekly• Response lakes
• Quantitative MS analysis (DHHS)• Microcystin (13 congeners)• Anatoxin‐a• Cylindrospermopsin
• Phycocyanin (BGA pigment)• Algae Identification (dominant taxa)
![Page 22: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2016 Request For Proposals
• Remote sensing to assess BGA blooms
• Triggers behind cyanotoxin production
• Cyanotoxin sampling methods
• Rapid screening for cyanotoxins
Crockery Lake, 2015
![Page 23: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Recreation Concerns and Cyanobacteria
• Working with Monroe County Health Department – test strips
• Expect to have recreational water use standards in 2016
• Increase communication with local health departments
• Green/colored water ≠ toxic in every water body, BUT when in doubt, stay out.
Mona Lake, 2015
![Page 24: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Examples of ongoing research• Ecology: Develop predictive models to relate nutrient loads, land
use/land cover, socioeconomic factors, and climate to the frequency, location, and severity of blooms in lakes
• Microbiology/Chemistry: Understand triggers and environmental condiitions that lead to cyanotoxin production
• Technology: Develop and improve toxin analytical methods• Toxicology: Clarify cyanotoxin effects on mammalian endpoints
and exposure biomarker identification for human health risk assessment
• Epidemiology: Characterize cyanotoxin occurrence and nutrient concentrations in US surface waters.
• Remote Sensing: Describe water clarity from airborne data and predictions of changes in trophic status
(modified and expanded upon from USEPA)
![Page 25: Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in …michiganlakes.msue.msu.edu/uploads/files/2016_Convention...Are Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) a Problem in Michigan’s Inland Lakes? 2015](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5ac780f47f8b9aa1298b7b34/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sarah Holden, [email protected]
Additional information• USEPAhttps://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/harmful‐algal‐
blooms
• Other states: ohioalgaeinfo.com; http://dnr.wi.gov/lakes/bluegreenalgae/
• Upcoming: MDEQ Recreation HABs website
• Laboratories: Lake Superior State University; Phycotech; Dept. Health and Human Services; Michigan State University; Greenwater Lab, and more!
• MDEQ 2015 monitoring results summary paper is available