Apresentação do PowerPoint - Fapesp...2017/09/11 · Crops 59,0 Planted forests 7,6 Exotic...
Transcript of Apresentação do PowerPoint - Fapesp...2017/09/11 · Crops 59,0 Planted forests 7,6 Exotic...
CLFISCROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
AN OVERVIEW OF THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE
Manuel Claudio Motta MacedoBeef Cattle Research Center
Embrapa-Brasil
Source: Mapa de Biomas do Brasil, IBGE,2004Rio de Janeiro - Scale 1:5.000.000
Amazônia
Cerrado
Caatinga
Pantanal
Mata Atlântica
Pampa
Brasil – Ecological Regions
Crops 59,0Planted forests
7,6
Exotic pasture
122,0
Native pasture
52,0
Other uses
610,9
Brasil – 851,5 Mha
Land useSources: CONAB, IBGE, SNIF,UNIPASTO
Crops 59,0
Cotton 1,1
Sorghum 1,1
Cassava 1,8
Rice 2,4
Beans 3,0
Corn 8,9
Sugarcane 8,0
Soybeans 27,7
Others 5,0
Pastures 174,0
Native 52,0
Brachiaria 98,0
Panicum 18,0
Others 6,0
Forests 7,6
Eucaliptus 5,5
Pinus 1,6
Others 0,5
Sources: CONAB, IBGE, SNIF,UNIPASTO
Brasil – estimated land use Mha
Crop-livestock-forest integrated system is asustainable production strategy that integratesagricultural, livestock and forestry activitiescarried out in the same area in intercropping,succession or rotation, and seeks synergisticeffects between the agro-ecosystemcomponents, contemplating environmentaladequacy, appreciation of the man andeconomic viability.
Conceptual framework of CLFISEmbrapa,2011
Additional area with CLIFs and CO2 eq stored
Future Target
First TargetAccomplished
mC
LIFs
/ M
ha
Time
Mg
of
CO
2e
q.
sto
red
11,47 Mha of CLIFs 35,1 Mg of stored CO2 eq.
5,51 Mha of CLIFs 13,3 Mg of stored CO2 eq.
Source: www.ilpf.com.br
M. Macedo
GADO DE CORTEM. Macedo
Towards a sustainable intensification: more grain, meat and timber for area
ANOTHER DRIVING FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF CLIS IN BRAZIL
• Simultaneous planting and no-till• Plant desiccant herbicides • Cultivars selective to herbicides • New planting machinery – double or triple boxes: seeds + fertilizer • New process of row arrangement, plant and seed densities• New cultivars and varieties of crops and forages for different regions• A second summer season: ”safrinha” • Transfer of technology – private and public extension• Credit and public policy – ABC Plan
Cobucci, 2004
25-50
150-200 160-200
150-600
200-800
Gross revenue – US$ ha-1 year-1
Economical advantages and sustainable cash flowattractive factors for CLIS and CLFIS adoption
Fonte:Cobucci, 2004
Simultaneous seedling: corn+forage grass Corn+grass: corn maturation
Corn harvestAfter the corn harvest
Fonte:Cobucci, 2004
Pasture ready to be grazed Pasture being desiccated
No-till – seedling of soybeanSoybean growing
Water balance - Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, 1973/2003 Mean annual precipitation - 1527 mm
Calculated based on soil water retention = 75 mm. Dry period = May to September
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
0
50
100
150
200
250mm
PREC PET RET
Water Surplus
402 mm
Water Deficit
23 mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-20
-40
mm
SUR DEF RET REP
Source: Macedo,2010
Typical dynamics of forage dry matter growth and animal live weight gain in Central Brasil
Source: Macedo,2015
GDM Kg/ha LWG Kg/ha
Month
Can CLIS alleviate this pattern ?
LVilela et al., 2012 (prelo)
Milho consorciado com capim
Out Nov Dez Jan Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set
"Safrinha de boi"
SojaMilho consorciado com capim ou sorgo consorciado com capim "Safrinha de boi"
"Safrinha de boi"Soja
SojaPD de forrageirasanuais e perenes "Safrinha de boi"
Sobressemeadura de forrageiras anuais e perenes
Forrageiras pós-colheita da soja
Corn + forage grass Livestock in short-period
Soybean
Soybean
Soybean
Livestock in short-period
Livestock in short-period
Livestock in short-period
No-till Corn or Sorghum +forage grass
No-till annual orperennial forage grass +/- legume
Overseedling of annual orperennial forage grasses
Forage grasses aftersoybean harvest Adapted from Vilela L.,2012
Oct Nov Dez Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Ago Set‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
----------- Rainny season ------------- ---------- Dry season ---------------
Alternatives of livestock production in ‘short periods’ or ‘third season’ by using CLIS
Beef Cattle National Center, Embrapa - May, 2015
NV
CP
C1P3
DP
P4C4FP4C4
C4P4F
C4P4CF
CC
CP
CP
P4C4FP4C4
C1P3
C4P4C4P4F
Long term experiments of CLIS and CLFIS
Strong tool to understand and to modelintegrated crop-livestock-forest
systems in the long run
Soil quality
Annual crops increase soil fertility;
Pastures improve soil physical proprieties;
Crop rotation, including legumes, besides improving soil biodiversity, increases soil carbon;
Forests improve biodiversity, carbon fixation and mitigate GHGs.
Foto:Eloir Denardin
Some results from long term experiments validating the advantages of CLIS AND CLFIS
Stock of soil carbon under traditional systems and CLIS0 to 100 cm – Clayed Oxisol – after 16 years
Mg C ha-1
149
137 134b
155a 151a
108c
121bc123bc
153a161a
134b 130b 131b127b
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Continuous pasture Continuous crop CLIS-1 CLIS-2 CLIS-3Reference
Source: Macedo,Alves,Urquiaga,Zatorre,Jantalia,Boddey,2012
Depth and abundance of forage root grass systemBrachiaria brizantha cv Piatã
Bahia, Brasil
Source: Lourival Vilela, Embrapa Cerrados
Abundance and richness of species - macro fauna of invertebrates CLIS, traditional systems and natural vegetation
Planaltina, DF
Source: Adapted from Marchão (2007)
Systems and soil management Species
Density
(ind./m2)
Richness
(nº)
Natural vegetation 4792 51
Continuos pasture 1653 38
Continuous crop with soil prep. 501 4
Continuous crop no-till 827 46
Pasture – Crop with soil prep. 616 22
Pasture – Crop no-till 992 21
Crop -Pasture with soil prep. 1144 26
Crop -Pasture no-till 3456 52
Source: Gorgen et al. (2008).
CLIS and white mold* control in beansrotation with Brachiaria ruziziensis
Santo Antonio de Goiás2006
*Sclerotinia sclerotinium
Management
(%)
Parasitism
Trichoderma spp
(%)
Parasitism
outhers fungi
(%)
Apotécios/m2
Without Brachiaria 41,9 b 44,7 b 22,6 a 18,2 a
With Brachiaria 80,1 a 97,1 a 19,1 a 2,0 b
Dead sclerotia
Reduction of plant diseases
Seeds from differents species of weeds in CLISSeed bank - Depth 0-20 cm
Planaltina, DF
CC: continuous crop, CPC: crop-pasture-crop; PCP: pasture-crop-pasture; CP: continuous pasture;CV: conventional soil preparation, NT: no-till;1: with fertilizer maintenance -; 2: fertilizer at establishment and maintenance;
Source: adapted from Ikeda et al. (2007).
Systems and crop management
CCCV CCNT CPCCV1 CPCCV2 CPCNT PCP1 PCP2 CP
seeds (m 2)
22.747 10.106 45.747 24.400 2.848 2.382 5.115 1.322
Pasture efecct in rotation
Reduction of population of weeds
Crops and treesCampo Grande, MS
Soybeans 4 yrs – Pasture 4 yrs under EucaliptusMacedo, 2013
M. Macedo
M. Macedo
Pasture and TreesCampo Grande, MS
Macedo, 2013P. maximum cv Massai 4 yrs - Soybeans 4 yrs under Eucaliptus
M. Macedo
M. Macedo
21001260 2220960 1680 1140
17 m
CLFIS vs CLIS1560 vs 2820 kg/há
26 vs 47 bags/ha
Soybean grain yield under CLIFSCampo Grande, MS - 2012
Macedo, 2013 – unpublished
Years CLFIS-22* CLFIS-14**
after
planting
Animals/ha/year***
1 1,7 2,6
2 6,6 10,3
3 12,5 19,6
4 16,5 26,0
5 9,0 14,2
6 5,4 8,4
* 227 trees/ha ; ** 357 trees/ha;*** Adult animals to be neutralized by C accumulation/year/ha;
Assumptions:Considering only the trunk; Mean annual emission by an adult bovine: 1,86 t of CO2 eq.
Potential annual mitigation of GHGs by CLFIS under two tree arrangements in the Cerrado of Brasil
Source: Ferreira, Macedo, Almeida, unpublished.
Benefits of CLIFs as compared to tradicional systems
Nutrient recycling
Biodiversity andsustainability
Increase inincome
Animalwelfare
Soil quality
Increase in productivitygrain, beef, milk, forestry
Can be used in allproperties size
Labor more efficientalong the year
Energetic balancewater, light, nutrients
Optimization ofproduction factors
Creation ofnew jobs
Image improvement ofproducers before society
Reduction indeforestation
Mitigation ofGHGs
Economic stability less risks and uncertainties
Source: www.ilpf.com.br
Transfer of Technology in CLIS and CLFIS by Embrapa and partners
Field daysCoursesData basesExtensionContinuous training
URTs= Units of technology tranfer
Next 10 years:
CLIS and CLFIS in >than 10 Mha at the degraded pasturearea;
Thus, it will be possible to add up to 10 Mha to grainproduction, with an additional 45 millions ton;
It means to increase about 100% of grain productioncompared to the Cerrados region and about 25% inthe national score, compatible with an annual rategrowth of 1,5-2,0% in grain and meat production.
Expectations for the future