Paul Meggs’s FSL SURVIVAL GUIDEfor Core French in Ontario

WHY LEARN FRENCH…………….…..……1A SUCCESSFUL L2 LEARNER…….……...2THE ALPHABET AND SOUNDS…………...3QUESTIONS … …………………….……....4AND ANSWERS………………………….….5GREETINGS & SALUTATIONS…….….…..6SHAPES AND COLOURS….……………...7NUMBERS…………………………….……..8TIMES OF DAY; TELLING TIME…….……..9CALENDAR, DATES, SEASONS…..…….10FRENCH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS…11WEATHER………………………………... 12WeatherTalk……………………………..….13CLOTHING…………………………..…...…14FashionTalk…………………….………......15CLASSROOM OBJECTS………….…..…..16USEFUL SCHOOL PHRASES…..........17-19SchoolTalk………………………………….20HUMAN BODY………………………………21ANIMALS………………………………....….22FAMILY AND FRIENDS……………………23HOUSE AND HOME………………………..24DAILY CHORES AND ACTIVITIES…….25A MONTH OF ACTIVITIES………………..26SelfTalk……………………………………...27FamilyTalk……………………………….….28HomeTalk……………………………….…..29FOOD AND EATING OUT………………....30MenuTalk…………………………………....31SHOPPING IN THE CITY……………….…32ShopTalk……………………………………33TRAVELING (à, à la, au, aux)....................34GEOGRAPHY………………………………35TRANSPORTATION…………………….….36TravelTalk…………………………………...37WORK………………….………………...…..38TECHNOLOGY & COMMUNICATION…39 JobTalk………………………………………40GAMES, SPORTS, AND LEISURE……...41

SUBJECT PRONOUNS & ARTICLES……….....42MORE PRONOUNS TO………………………….43POSSESSING THINGS......................................44NEGATIVES: SAYING NO…………………...…..45ADJECTIVES: COMMON PAIRS………………..46DESCRIBING MOOD & APPEARANCE……….47DESCRIBING PERSONALITY, ETC……………48THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE…………………..……49PRECEDING ADJECTIVES…………………...…50COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ……….…..51ADVERBS: COMMON PAIRS………………..….52ADVERBS FROM ADJECTIVES……………..…53DIRECTIONS & LOCATIONS CHART………....54DIRECTIONS & LOCATIONS PAIRS………...55CONJUNCTIONS – JOINING THOUGHTS…....56

VERBSTHE BIG 4 VERBS…………………………….…57EXPRESSIONS WITH THE BIG 4…………..….58PRESENT TENSE REGULAR VERB ENDINGS……..…..59COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS………........60-62THE FUTURE TENSES………………..…….…..63LOTS OF INFINITIVES…………………..…...64-66REGULAR PAST TENSE WITH AVOIR .……..67IRREGULAR AST TENSE WITHAVOIR ……...68PAST TENSE WITH ÊTRE…………………..…..69THE IMPERATIVE: GIVING ORDERS…….……70COMMON VERB PAIRS FOR PRACTICE……..71

WRITING RULESVOWELS AND APOSTROPHES……………..…72ACCENTS……………………………………….…73PUNCTUATION RULES………………………….74CAPITALIZATION RULES……………………….75TYPING IN FRENCH……...……………….…76-77TEXTING IN FRENCH……………………..…78-80

REFERENCE LEVELS OF ABILITIES……81-85I CAN DO LISTS…………………………….86-100

1

WHY LEARN FRENCH?

Education:In Ontario, in order to get a high school diploma, one must pass one French language credit course in Grade 9. That's it. It’s not too much to ask.

Historical Reasons: Canada was colonized by France in the 16th century, and French became one of the main languages of our country' protected by law, the official language of Quebec, and one of the official languages in New Brunswick and Nunavut. French education is a protected right for Francophone minorities in Canada. There are still pockets of Francophone communities found in all provinces and territories. The Canadian population is roughly 23% French speaking.

It’s Global Use:20 million + speakers in the Americas;200 million French speakersnumber 9 of the top 10 most widely used world languagessecond most popular second language taught in the worldtaught in every single country525+ French language universities in the worldAn official language of: IOC, UNESCO, Interpol, WTO, WHO, NATO, ISO, United Nations, etc.....

Employment:You are more marketable as an employee if you are multilingual, especially in business, tourism, education, service industry, marketing, the military, law enforcement, government, and communications... And you'll earn more, too!

World Travel:It's spoken on every continent, and is a lingua franca of dozens of countries all over the world, from Africa, Asia, parts of the US and South America, to the Pacific Islands, and Islands in the Indian Ocean...

Neurological Heath / intelligence:Research shows that a bilingual brain is more robust, better at problem-solving, less likely to be affected by Alzheimer’s, dementia, etc.. And learning an extra language makes the next other language easier to learn.

A valuable Life SkillLearning to speak and think in another language makes one more tolerant, a better communicator and listener, helps you see the world in different ways, and able to learn more about the world in general. The skills you use in learning another language help you improve your mother tongue language skills.

2

A SUCCESSFUL L2 LEARNER….

1. laughs at his mistakes2. talks positively about himself3. responds positively to a learning opportunity4. looks for immersion opportunities5. analyzes his individual learning problems6. practices on his own, reads additional items, listens to radio, music, TV,

internet,7. creates a situation with a native speaker8. doesn’t worry about accuracy, but focuses on fluency9. doesn’t hesitate to speak10. overcomes his inhibitions11. initiates conversations12. self-corrects his errors in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, grammar,13. invents his own mnemonic devices14. writes down words words memorize with memorizing texhiques15. groups words and compares native and target language16. relates new dictionary words to other in the same category17. experiments with new sounds18. listens carefully and tries to imitate19. repeats sentences until pronounced easily20. uses synonyms and cognates21. reads aloud alone to hear sounds22. uses what he already knows23. uses rules to generate possibilities24. finds sociocultural meanings and contexts to clarify meaning25. uses formulaic interaction to get started26. looks for patterns to make inferences27. guesses meanings from key words, pictures, contexts,…28. repeats words to clarify understanding29. masters a core list of phrases and words30. understands the need for a structured learning environment

3

L’ALPHABET ET DES SONS

les lettres avec le même son qu’anglaisf, l, m, n, o, s, z

les letters qui rhymeb, c, ç, d, é, g, p, t, v, wi, ja, ku, q

les lettres uniquesh, r, x, y,

les voyelles…e, è, ê,é, ez, ey, er, eille, aioi, io,au, eu, à,en, an, oneuille, ille,

mueth, ( homme, hôtel, …)finale t, s, x (e.g. met, dans, peux, doit,..)

lettre cce, ci, and ç sounds like an 's'ca and co sound like a 'k'ch sounds like 'sh'

4

QUESTIONS / LES QUESTIONS....

Do..does...is…are… ? (literally  “Is it that…..?”) Est-ce que…..?

what? Qu'est-ce que what!? Quoi!? how? Comment why? Pourquoi where? Où when? Quand Who? Qui How much/many? Combiens Which…? / quel, quelle, quels, quelles…

to ask demander question la question

to answer répondre answer la réponse

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... and ANSWER CLUES…

Question Word What to look for Examples

Qu’est-ce que – What?Specific information about something or some action. This requires some inferential skills.

Qu'est-ce que Paul fait?Paul joue de la batterie.

Comment – How?Descriptions of states of being, how someone feels and appears. Must know your adjectives and adverbs.

Comment est-il?Paul est très méchant.Comment vas tu à l'école?Je vais à pied.

Où – Where?Look for a place name, a prespostion showing location, or adverb of place.

Où est Paul?Il est à côté de Marie.Il habite à Toronto.

Pourquoi – Why?Look for 'parce que', and the information following it.

Pourquoi Paul aime les gâteaux? Il les aime parce qu'ils sont chocolat!

Quand – When?Look for a time, or adverb of time. Quand est-ce que Paul arrive?

Il arrive à 05h00 ce matin.Il arrive après Marie.

Qui – Who?

Look for a name, or subject of a verb, the doer of an action.You'll need some knowledge of grammar – the direct or indirect object – receiver of an action.

Qui aime Marie?Paul aime Marie.

Combien – How much?How many?

Look for a number, amount, or adverb of quantity.

Combien d'étudiants y a-t-il?Il y a plusieurs.Il y'en a cinq.

Quel – Which or what?

Tricky, in that it is often translated as 'what'. E.g. What time is it? What's the weather? Look for what you would for Qu'est-ce que...Look also for demonstrative adjective and demonstrative pronouns.

Quel bon bon est-ce qu'il veut?Il veut celui-ci

Quel bon bon est-ce que tu veux?Je veux ce bon bon.

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GREETINGS AND SALUTATIONSHello! Good Day! Bonjour!Hi! So long! Salut !Welcome! Bienvenue !How are you?Pleased to meet you.

Comment ça va?Enchanté!

Thank you! Merci !You’re welcome! No problem! It was nothing!

de rien, pas de quoi, je vous remerçie

Good bye! au revoir!Have a good day ! Bonne journée!See you soon! À bientôt !Have a good weekend ! Bonne fin de semaine!See you later!  So long! À tout à l’heure ! à plus !See you tomorrow! À demain !See you on Monday! À Lundi !Good evening! Bonsoir !Good night! Bonne nuit !Until next time! À la prochaine!

Good luck! Bonne chance !Please (when talking to a child or friend) S’il te plait !Please (when talking to an adult or more than one person)

S’il vous plaît !

Pretty well. Assez bien.Happy Birthday! Bonne fête ! Joyeuse anniversaire !Excuse me. Pardon !I’m sorry. Je m’excuse !So-so Comme-ci, comme-ça

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SHAPES / LES FORMES

rectangle – un rectanglecircle – un cercletriangle – un trianglecube – un cubecone – un cône, un cornetsphere – une sphèreoval – un ovalesquare – un carrédiamond – un losange

Face cardsdiamond – un carreauheart – un cœurclub – un trèflespade – un pique

star – une étoilepoint – une pointeline – un lignecurve – une courbe

COLOURS / LES COULEURS

Red – rougePink - roseorange – orangeyellow – jaunegreen – vertblue – bleu, azuredark brown – brunbrown - marronpurple/violette – violetblack – noirwhite – blancgrey – gris

Gold - orsilver – argent, gris métalliséebronze - bronzebrunette - châtainblond - blondered head – roux

hazel - noixetterainbow – arc en ciel

8

NUMBERS /LES NOMBRES, LES CHIFFRES…

Zero zeroone untwo deuxthree troisfour quatrefive cinqsix sixseven septeight huitnine neuften dix

eleven onzetwelve douzethirteen treizefourteen quatorzefifteen quinzesixteen seizeseventeen dix-septeighteen dix-huitnineteen dix-neuftwenty vingt

thirty trenteforty quarantefifty cinquante

sixty soixanteseventy soixante-dixeighty quatre-vingtninety quatre-vingt-dix

hundred centthousand millemillion millionbillion milliard

number numéro

first le premiersecond le deuxièmethird le troisièmefourth le quatrièmefifth le cinquième

Quel est ton adresse?Quelle heure est-il?Quel est ton numéro du téléphone?Dans quelle maison habites-tu?

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TIMES OF DAY

Morning – evening le matin – le soirNoon – midnight midi – minuitDaytime – night-time le jour – la nuitAfternoon – après midi The day – la journée

have a good day – bonne journée, bonjourGood morning – bon matin good afternoon – bon après midigood evening – bon soir good night – bon nuit

TELLING TIME

a.m. avant-midi p.m. après-midi1 o’clock 1 h 00 –une heure 1 o’clock 13 h 00 – treize heures2 o’clock2 :10

2 h 00 –deux heures2 h 10 –deux heures dix

2 o’clock14:30

14 h 00 –quatorze heures14 h 30 –quatorze heures trente

3 o’clock3 :15

3 h 00 –trois heures3 h 15 –trois heures et quart

3 o’clock15:40

15 h 00 –quinze heures15 h 40 –quinze heures quarante

4 o’clock4 :20

4 h 00 –quatre heures4 h 20 –quatre heures vingt

4 o’clock16:20

16 h 00 –seize heures16 h 20 –seize heures vingt

5 o’clock 5 h 00 –cinq heures 5 o’clock 17 h 00 –dix-sept heures6 o’clock 6 h 00 –six heures 6 o’clock 18 h 00 –dix-huit heures7 o’clock7:45(quarter to 8)

7 h 00 –sept heures7 h 45 –huit heures moins quart

7 o’clock 19 h 00 –dix-neuf heures

8 o’clock 8 h 00 –huit heures 8 o’clock 20 h 00 –vingt heures9 o’clock 9 h 00 –neuf heures 9 o’clock 21 h 00 –vingt et une heures10 o’clock 10 h 00 –dix heures 10 o’clock 22 h 00 –vingt-deux heures11 o’clock 11 h 00 –onze heures 11 o’clock 23 h 00 –vingt-trois heures12 o’clockNoon

12 h 00 –midi

12 o’clockMidnight

24 h 00 –minuit

Qu’est-ce que tu vas regarder à la télé ce soir? Quelle matière as-tu? Quand est-ce que le train arrive?

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THE CALENDAR / LE CALENDRIER (see placemat)

January - janvierFebruary- févrierMarch- marsApril -avrilMay -maiJune -juinJuly -juilletAugust -aoûtSeptember -septembreOctober -octobreNovember -novembreDecember -décembre

Day- le jourWeek- la semainemonth -le moisyear- année

Monday –lundiTuesday –mardiWednesday –mercrediThursday –jeudiFriday –vendrediSaturday –samediSunday - dimanche

Today- aujourd'huiYesterday- hierTomorrow- demainthe next day- le lendemainthe day before yesterday- avant-hierthe day after tomorrow- après-demain

SEASONS / LES SAISONSSpring- le printempsSummer- l'étéautumn -l'automnewinter - l'hiver

Quelle est ton saison favorite?J’aime l’hiver parce que…

Saying the date:Quelle est la date aujourd’hui?today + it is + day + number + monthaujourd’hui c’est lundi le 3 décembre…for actions happening repeatedly (mondays –le lundi; tuesdays –le mardi, etc…) Que fais-tu le mardi?

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FRANCOPHONE FESTIVALS AND HOLIDAYS

DATE FESTIVALJAN 1 Jour de l’an (New Year’s Day)

FEB Le Carnaval de Québec (Quebec Winter Carnaval)Mardi Gras (New Orleans)

MAR

APR 1 Le poisson d’avril (France)Paques (Easter)

MAY 1 Fête du premier mai (Labour Day)National Patriotes day (Quebec) – coincides with Victoria Day in English CanadaFête des Mères (Mother’s Day)

JUNE 24 Fête nationale – (st jean babtiste day Quebec)

JULY 14 Fête nationale (BASTILLE DAY – end of King’s rule in France, beginning of French Revolution)

AUGUST 15 Assomption (Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary – France)National Acadian Day

SEPT

OCT Action de grace (Thanksgiving)

Hallowe’en (31 oct)NOV 1NOV 11

La Toussaint (All Saints’ Day)Jour d’armistice (Armistice Day)

DEC 25 Noêl (Christmas)

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THE WEATHER / LE TEMPS

It’s nice out. – Il fait beau.It’s bad weather. – Il fait mauvais.It’s humid. – Il fait humide.It’s hot. – Il fait chaud.It’s cold. – Il fait froid.It’s cool – Il fait frais.It's mild – Il fait doux.It’s sunny. – Il fait soleil. Il y a du soleil. C’est ensoleilléIt’s windy. – Il vente. Il y a du vent. C’est venteux.It’s overcast. – Il fait gris.It’s cloudy. – C’est nuageux.It's muggy – Il fait lourd.It’s raining. – Il pleut.It’s pouring – Il pleut à verse.It’s snowing. – Il neige.It’s freezing. – Il gèle.It’s foggy. – Il y a / Il fait du brouillard.It’s stormy. – Il y a de l’orage. Il fait orageux.

the outdoors – en plein air

forecast – la météo

Quel temps fait-il?Quelle est la météo pour cette semaine, demain, le week-end….?

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WeatherTalkI can talk about the weather

I can :1. recall and use the main vocabulary for climate and weather2. ask what the weather is outside3. describe what the weather is outside4. read a weather report in the newspaper5. research the weather on the internet6. report what has been said on a radio/tv weather forcast7. advise what one should wear in different weather8. describe the driving conditions9. describe the skiing conditions10. describe what weather occurs in different seasons11. describe the climate of different geographical regions

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CLOTHING / LES VETÊMENTS (see placemat)

cap –la casquettehelmet –le casquehat –le chapeautoque –la toquehard hat –le casque

scarf –une éscarpemittens –les mitainesgloves –les gants

sun glasses –lunettes de soleileye-glasses –lunettes

purse –le sac à mainbriefcase –la serviette

coat –le manteausweater –un pull, un pull-over, un

chandailtie –la cravateblouse –un chemisierbath robe –le peignoireumbrella –un parapluiering –une baguet-shirt –un t-shirtshirt –une chemiseshirt for sports –un maillotvest –une vestewristwatch –une montre

men’s suit –un complet (jacket and pants), un costume

woman’s suit –un tailleurjacket –un vestonskirt –une jupepajamas –un pyjamaswimming goggles –lunettes de

natation, lunettes de plongéebathing suit –un maillot de bain

shorts –le shortboxer shorts –le caleçonunderwear –les sous-vetêmentspants –le panatalonsjeans –le jean, le blue jeanoveralls –les salopettesshoes –les chaussures, les

souliersnecklace –le collierdress –la robebracelet –le bracelethigh heels –haut talonsslippers –pantoufflesboots –les bottessneakers –le tennissocks –les chausettesrunning shoes –le tennis,sandals –les sandals

Qu’est-ce tu portes quand il fait chaud?Qu’est-ce que vous portez en hiver?Qu’est-ce qu’elle va porter pour la soirée?

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FashionTalkI can discuss fashion and clothing.

I can :1. - recall and use the main vocabulary for fashion and clothing2. - describe what I am wearing3. - describe what someone else is wearing4. - advise what others should wear for various occasions5. - design and describe an outfit for an athlete, super hero, movie star....

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THE CLASSROOM / LA CLASSE

classroom / la classechair / la chaisedesk / le pupitretable / la tableboard / le tableauchalk / la craiebrush / la brossemarker / le marqueurpen/ le stylopencil / le crayonpencil case / un coffre à crayonspencil sharpener / un taille-crayonseraser / la gommescissors / les ciseauxglue / la collepaper / le papierstapler / une agrafeusehole punch / une perforatricebookshelf / les étagèresfile cabinet / le classeurdoor / la portewindow / la fenêtrewall / le murlights / les lumièresclock / une horlogebell / la clocheoffice, teacher’s desk / le bureau

subject – la matièrehistory – l'histoirefrench - le françaismath – les mathsscience – les sciences naturellessocial studies – les sciences humaineshealth – la santégym – l’éducation physique

overhead / un rétroprojecteurcomputer / un ordinateurcd player / un lecteur de disque compactcalculator / une calculatricescreen / un écrantelevision / le télé

dictionary / le dictionnairetext book / un manuelbook / le livrenotebook, workbook / le cahierback-pack / un sac à doshomework / les devoirswork / le travail

to learn / apprendreto teach / enseignerto ask / demanderto answer / répondreto study / étudierto work / travaillerto take attendance / prendre les présences

teacher / le professeur, un(e) enseignant(e)student / un(e) élève, un(e) étudiant(e)caretaker / le conciergeprincipal / le directeur, la directricevice principal / le directeur-adjoint, la directrice-adjointesecretary / le, la secrétaire

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USEFUL PHRASES IN SCHOOL…

Questions from students…

May I sharpen my pencil? Puis-je tailler mon crayon?May I leave the classroom? Puis-je quitter la salle de classe?May I get a drink of water? Puis-je boire de l’eau?May I go…to the office ?…to the washroom?…to the library?…to my locker?…to the fountain?…to the gym?

Puis-je aller…au bureau?…aux toilettes?…à la bibliothèque?…à mon caisier?…à la fontaine?…au gymnase?

What is the date? Quelle est la date?What day is it? Quel jour sommes-nous?What do we need? De quoi avons-nous besoin?What are we doing today? Que faisons-nous aujourd’hui?I have a question. J’ai une question.I don’t have any…. Je n’ai pas de….Darn it! Zut!Not so fast! Pas si vite!Really? Vraiment?Just a moment, please. Un moment, s’il vous plaît.I’m sorry. Je suis désolé(e).Excuse me. Excusez-moi. Pardonnez-moi.I have lost my…. J’ai perdu mon/ma/mes…..Present! Présent(e)!He is absent. She is absent. Il est absent. Elle est absente.I have to study. Je dois étudier.What page are we on? À quelle page sommes-nous?Do we have to skip a line? Faut-il sauter une ligne?Isn’t there any homework? Il n’y a pas de devoirs?That’s enough. C’est assez. Ça suffit.That’s all. C’est touts.

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Common Teacher Commands…

Say it in French. Dites-le en français.Speak French. Parlez en français.Open your books. Ouvrez vos livres.Close your books. Fermez vos livres.Say that again, please. Répétez, s’il vous plaît.Please give me your book. Donne-moi ton livre, s’il te plaît.Listen to the instructions. Écoutez les instructions.Speak up, please. Parlez plus fort, s’il vous plaît.Read out loud. Lisez à haute voix.Answer the question. Répondez à la question.Take out your homework. Sortez vos devoirs.Memorize the dialogue. Apprenez le dialogue par coeur.Bring your workbooks. Apportez vos cahiers.Sit down. Asseyez-vous.Stand up. Levez-vous.Pay attention. Faites attention.I want to make an announcement. Je veux faire une annonce.Are you ready? Êtes-vous prêts?Let’s check the homework. Corrigeons les devoirs.

Expressions of praise….

Very good! Très bien!Great! Cool! Génial! Cool!very well written! très bien écrit!quite good, good enough assez bienFantastic! Fantastique!Sensational! Sensass!Great! Formidable!perfect! parfait!magnificent! magnifique!well done! bien fait!superb! superbe!marvellous! merveilleux!congratulations! félicitations!much better! beaucoup mieux!

19

Asking for help…

How do you say…? Comment dit-on……?What does…….mean? Que veut dire…….?What does this word mean? Que signifie ce mot?Slowly, please. Lentement, s’il vous plaît.I don’t know Je ne sais pas.I don’t understand……the word.…the sentence.…the answer.…the question.…the homework.…the exercise.…the problem.

Je ne comprend pas……le mot.…la phrase.…la réponse.…la question.…les devoirs.…l’exercice.…le problème.

Giving corrections and advice

be careful! fais attention!don't forget to … n'oublie pas de …too short trop courtSpelling l'orthographebe careful! Faites attention!It’s not correct. Ce n’est pas correct.You’ve made a mistake. Tu as fait une faute.It’s not correct. Ce n’est pas correct.You’ve made a mistake. Tu as fait une faute.use your resources! utilise tes ressources!to be completed! à compléter!first of all d'abordto start with pour commencerespecially SurtoutI agree je suis d'accordI don't agree je ne suis pas d'accordfor example par exemplein my opinion à mon avisin other words en d'autres motsI think that je pense quexaccording to selonso doncfinally finalement

20

SchoolTalkI can discuss common classroom events.

I can:1. …say today’s date in the proper order2. …describe how I get to school and how long it takes3. …name my teachers4. …list what subjects I take and which are my favorites5. …name my school administration, custodian, and secretary6. …identify 10-20 objects in the classroom7. …ask for help in 3 different ways

1. …I don’t understand2. …How do you say…3. …Please repeat…

8. …Praise my classmates 5 different ways9. …ask 5 common questions used in the classroom

1. permission to go to the bathroom2. permission to get a drink3. permission to go to your locker4. ask for a pencil or pen politely5. ask for help with a task

10. …Ask 4 questions about the timetable1. Where is …class?2. When is…. At what time is….3. What is….teaching?4. Who is teaching……?

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THE BODY / LE CORPS

face le visagehead la têtehair les cheveuxbald chauveears les oreilleseyes les yeuxeye un oeilcheeks les joueslips les lèvresteeth les dentstongue le languenose le nezmoustache le moustacheforehead le frontchin le mentonmouth la bouchebeard - la barbethroat –la gorge

neck le coushoulders les épaulesarm le brashand la mainfingers les doigtsthumb le pouceelbow le coudechest la poitrineback le dosbuttocks les fessesbelly le ventrebelly button le nombril

leg la jambeknee le genouankle la chevillefoot le piedtoe un orteil

cough –toussershout –crierspit –crachervomit –vomirwhisper –chuchotterlisp –zozoterblink –cligner des yeuxwink –cligner de l’oeilsneeze –éternuersnot –la morveto blow your nose –se mouchersniff –humershave –se raser

shrug - hausser les épaulesstretch –s’étirer les braspoint –montrer, indiquer du doigtpunch –donner un coup du poingshake –secouerkick –donner un coup du piedtrip, stumble –trébucherrun –courirwalk –marcher, se promenerscrape –écorcherkneel –aux genoux

Où as-tu mal? J’ai mal à la, au, aux….

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ANIMALS / LES ANIMAUX (see placemat)

mammals – le mammifére dog –le chien/la chiennecat –le chat, la chattepig –le cochonwolf –le loupcow –la vachesheep –le moutonlamb –l’angeaugoat le bouc/la chèvrelion –le liontiger –le tigrecheetah –le guépardbat –le chauve-souriszebra –le zebregiraff –le giraffehorse –le chevalrhinoceros –le rhinocéros

elephant –un éléphantleopard –le léopardantilope –une antilopebear –ours/oursebull –le taureaugorilla –la gorillemonkey –le singesloth –le paresseuxmouse –le sourisrat –le ratskunk –la moufettesquirrel –un écureuilwalrus –le morseseal –le phoquecamel –le chameaufox –le renardrabbit –le lapin

bird – un oiseau duck –la cane/le canardgoose –l’oieturkey –le dindonowl –le hibouseagull –le muellerooster –le coqchicken –la pouleostriche –l’autrucheeagle –l’aiglepenguin –le penguincrow –le corbeauvulture –l’urubuswan –le cygnehumming bird –le colibri, le oiseau-

mouchepeacock –le paon

reptiles and amphibians –les reptiles et les amphibieslizard –le lézardturtle, tortoise –la tortuecrocodile –le crocodilealligator –l’alligatorfrog –la grenouilletoad –le crapaudsnake –le serpentdinosaur –le dinosaurdragon –le dragon

shark –le requinwhale –le cétacé, la baleinedolphin –le dauphinfish –le poisson

bug, insect – l’insecte moth –le papillon de nuitbutterfly –le papillonant –la fourmiwasp –la guêpebee –une abeillefly –la mouche

snail –un escargotworm –le versbeetle –le scarabéemosquito –le moustiquecockroach –la blattespider –une araignée

Spots –les taches (f)Stripes –les rayures (f)

Fur –des poils (mpl)Feathers –le plumage

23

FAMILY AND FRIENDS /LA FAMILLE ET LES AMIS

father / le pèremother / la mèresister / la soeurbrother / le frèrecousin / un cousin, une cousineuncle / un oncleaunt / une tantestep dad / un beau-pèrestep mother / une belle-mèrestep brother / une demi-frèregrandfather / le grand-pèregrandmother / la grand-mèredaughter / la filleson / le fils

baby / le bébéadult / un adulteadolescent / l'adolescentyoung / jeuneold / vieux, vieillenephew / le neveuneice / la niècewife / une épouse, la femmehusband / un époux, un marichild / un enfantparent / le parentgrandson / le petit-filsgranddaughter / la petite-filleboyfriend / un amigirlfriend / une amiefriend / un copain, une copaine

Qui habite avec vous?Qui habite chez vous?Qui est le plus …?Qui est le moins…?Décrivez les membres de ta famille.

24

HOUSE AND HOME /LA MAISON ET LE LOGEMENT (see placemat)

House –la maisonGarden –le jardinfloor –le plancherstairs –un escalierrug, carpet –le tapisceiling –le plafondwall –le murwindow –la fenêtredoor –la portelawn –le gazon, le pelouseporch –le porcheroof –le toitflowers –les fleurstree –un arbre

laudry room –la laverielaundry –le lingedryer –la sécheusewasher-dryer –lave-linge/seche-linge, la

machine à laverbasement –le sous-solattic –le grenierstorage space –l’espace de rangement

bedroom –la chambre à coucherbed –le litpillow –un oreillerblanket –la couverturebedsheet –le drapposter –une affichestuffed animal –le jouet en peluchecloset –le cabinetshelf –une étagèredesk –un bureau, pupitre, secrétairechair –la chaisecomputer(laptop) –un ordinateur(portable)dresser –une commode

bathroom –la salle de bainshower –une doucheshower curtain –une rideau de douchetoilet –la toilettetoilet papier –le papier toilettemirror –le miroir, la glacesink –la lavabobath tub –la baignoire

kitchen –la cuisinesink –un éviertable –la tabledishwasher –le lave-vaissellecupboard –le placardcounter –le plan de travailoven –le fourstove –la cuisinièremicrowave –le four à micro-ondestap –le robinetrefrigerator –le féfrigérateurfreezer –le congélateurknife –le couteaufork –la fourchettespoon –la cuillèrecutlery –les couvertsdishes –la vaisellemug –la grande tassecup, glasse –la tassepots and pans –les casserolesfrying pan –la poêle à frirecutting board –une planche à découperclock –une horloge

living room –le saloncouch –le divanarmchair –une armoireTV –une télévisioncoffee table –une table basselamp –la lampecurtains –les rideauxvase –le vaseradio –la radiostereo –le baladeur

garage –le garagecar –une voiturebike –un vélo, une bicyclettelawnmower –une tondeuse à gazontools –les outilsworkbench –un établigarbage can –une poubellerecycling bin –un bac de recyclagegarbage bag – un sac poubellesoap –un savonshampoo –le shampooingtowel –une serviette de baintoothbrush –une brosse à dentstoothpaste –le dentifrice

25

DAILY CHORES /LES TÂCHES QUOTIDIENNE (see placemat)

Wake up –se reveillerGet up –se leverCheck the computer –verifier mon ordinateurCheck my cellphone –verifier mon cellGet dressed –s’habillerMake the bed –faire le litclean the room –ranger la chambretake a shower –prendre une douchewash my face –se laver le visagewash hands –se laver les mainsbrush teeth –se brosser les dentsfloss teeth –passer le soie dentairebrush hair –se brosser les cheveuxcomb hair –se peigner les cheveuxshave beard –se raser la barbe

have breakfast –faire le déjeuner

go to school –aller à l’écolego to work –aller au travaillestudy my subjects –étudier les matièreshave a snack –manger la collation

do homework –faire le devoirsmake supper –préparer le souperget undressed –deshabillergo to bed –se couchergo to sleep –dormir

do the vacuuming –passer l’aspirateurput out the dog –sortir le chienfeed the dog –nourire le chienwalk the dog –promener le chien,shovel the driveway –pelleter l’entréecut the grass –tendre le gazonrecycle –faire le recyclage; sortir le bac de recyclage (recycling bin)put out the garbage –sortir les déchetsdo the dishes –faire la vaiselleput away the dishes –ranger la vaisellesort the laundry –trier le lingedo the laundry –faire le lessivedo the ironing –faire le repassagedo the gardening –faire le jardinagewater the lawn –irriger le gazonrake the leaves –ratisser les feuillesclean the windows –nettoyer les fenêtreswash the car –nettoyer, laver l’autodo the dusting –enlever la poussièresweep –balayer

Qu'est-ce vous faites dans la journée?

26

A MONTH OF ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS(see placemat)

mercredi le premier –étudier les mathsjeudi le 2 –aller au théatre, regarder une piècevendredi le 3 –aller à la banque, le guichet automatique, déposer, aller chercher l’argentsamedi le 4 –faire le shoppingdimanche le 5 –aller à l’église, prier

lundi le 6 –aller au bibliothèque, étudier pour un testmardi le 7 –prendre l’autobusmercredi le 8 –faire le devoir, faire l’écriturejeudi le 9 –aller au coiffeurvendredi le 10 –regarder la télésamedi le 11 –aller à la fête, une anniversairedimanche le 12 –un pique-nique, pique-niquer

lundi le13 –aller à mon casier, à l’écolemardi le 14 –aller à l’optométristemercredi le 15 –à la stade, à l’arène, un jeu de football, baseballjeudi le 16 –jouer au hockeyvendredi le 17 –aller au cinéma, voir un filmsamedi le 18 –aller au musée d’art, à la galerie d’artdimanche le 19 –aller au zoo

lundi le 20 –prendre un taxi, aller en taximardi le 21 –aller au médecinmercredi le 22 –patin à roulettes, faire du rollerjeudi le 23 –aller au funèbres, enterrement, funéraillesvendredi le 24 –aller à la mosquée, priersamedi le 25 –faire du campingdimanche le 26 –faire de la natation, nager

lundi le 27 –avoir un entretienmardi le 28 –jouer au basketballmercredi le 29 –faire le vélojeudi le 30 –faire du ski alpin, skiervendredi le 31 –voyager, aller à l’aéroport

Qu’est’ce que tu vas faire le…? …le lendemain? Qu’est’ce que tu as fait le….? Qu’est-ce que tu fait le….?

27

SelfTalkI can talk generally about myself.I can:1. …greet someone politely 3 different ways2. …say my name3. …say my age4. …say my birthday (day, month, year)5. …give my address and phone number6. …say where I’m from7. …describe who lives with me8. …describe how I look (hair colour, eye colour, height,…)9. …say how I feel (5 different adjectives)10. …describe my pass-times, favorite food, etc..11. …describe what I’m wearing (5 clothing items)12. …close a conversation politely

28

FamilyTalkI can talk about my family and living situation.I can:1. ...list the people I live with (siblings, parents,…).2. ...give my address or addresses and describe what kind of building (house, apartment,)3. ... give information about my grandparents4. ...give information about my uncles, aunts and cousins (where they live, names)5. ...give information about my parents or step-parents6. ...talk about my various family members’ interests.7. ... list what pets I have, if any.8. ...describe visits to other relatives and what we do

29

HomeTalk

1. I can list the names of rooms in my home.2. I can list the main furniture items in my home.3. I can list the chores done in my home…4. …when they are done….5. ….and who does them.6. I can describe the outside of my home.7. I can describe the neighborhood8. I can give simple directions to get there from school9. I can describe the layout of my home.

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FOOD / LA NOURRITURE (see placemat)to eat –mangerto be hungry –avoir faimto be thirsty –avoir soifMeal –le repasBreakfast –le déjeunerLunch –le lunch, le dinerDinner –le souperDining room –salle à mangerrestaurant –le restaurantMenu –la carte, le menu (fixed price)Snack –la collationCocktail –un apéritifMain course –entréeMain course –le plat principalDessert –le dessertAfter dinner drink –un digestifDaily special –le plat du jourfork –la fourchettespoon –la cuillèreknife –le couteauplate –une assiette, le platFree –gratuit, offertTip –le pourboireTip not included –service non comprisWaiter –serveur, serveuseAllergic to –allérgique àDiabetic –diabétiqueVegetarian –végétarienVegan –végétaliensalt –le selpepper –le poivreBread –du pain, baguettemeat –la viandebeef –le boeufroast beef –le rôti de beuf, rosbifveal –le veauchicken –le pouletturkey –la dindesteak –le bifteksausage –la saucissebacon –le baconpork –le porcham –le jambonRare –roséMedium rare –à pointWell done –bien cuiteggs –les oeufsfish and seafood –poisons et fruits de merssalmon –le saumontuna –le thonmussels –la mouleoysters –la huitrelobster –un homardcrab –le crabeOctopus –le poulpeSquid –le calmar

flavors / saveursvanilla –la vanillechocolate –le chocolatvegetables / les légumeslettuce –le laittuesalad –la saladetomato –la tomatepotato –la patate, la pomme de terrefrench fries –le frites, le chipscauliflower –le chou-fleurbroccoli –le brocolisasparagus –l’aspergeonion –l’oignongarlic –l’ailgreen pepper –poivre vertbeans –les haricotspeas –les poiscarrot –la carottecelery –le célericorn –le maïsrice –le rizmushroom –le champignoncucumber –le concombrespinach –les épinardsdairy –lelaitiermilk –le laitcream –le crèmebutter –le beurreyogurt –le yaourtcheese –le fromagefruit / les fruitmango –le manguestrawberry –la fraisewatermelon –melon d’eaucanataloupe –le cantalouppinapple –l’ananascoconut –le noix de cocokiwi –le kiwipomegranate –la grenadeapple –la pommebanana –la bananegrapes –le raisinblueberry –la myrtille, le bluetblackberry –la mûreraspberry –la framboiseorange –l’orangelemon –le citronlime –le citon vertDesserts / le dessertPie –la tartebrownie –le carréPastry –le pâtisserieIce cream- la glacedrinks / boissonsbeer - la bièrewine - le vinjuice –le juspop - boisson gazeusecoffee –le café

I’m full –je n’en peux plus; j’ai trop mangéGood eating !, Enjoy your meal! –bon appétitI would like –Je aimerais… I’ll have –je prends…

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MenuTalkI can use the food vocabulary in practical ways.

1. I can describe various foods in the main food groups2. I can say what I eat regularly for various meals (snacks, breakfast, etc…)3. I can describe my favorite dinner.4. I can order a pizza5. I can order a meal on a menu6. I can ask for the bill and calculate the tip

32

SHOPPING IN THE CITY /FAIRE LE SHOPPING DANS LA VILLE

Downtown –la villeSuburbs –le banlieue

small grocery store – une épiceriefarmer's market –le marchésupermarket –le supermarchésuperstore, giant supermarket –un hypermarchédepartment stor –un grand magasinbutcher –la boucheriebaker –la boulangeriecandy store – la confiseriedairy – la crémerie, la laiteriecheese shop –la fromageriegreengrocer –magasin de fruits et légumespastry shop –la pâtisseriefish store – la poissonnerielaundromat –la blanchisserienewsstand –le kiosquePharmacy –la pharmacieRestaurant –le restaurantCoffee shop –le caféSmall shop –la boutiqueOffice building –le bureauShopping centre/mall –le centre commercialSupermarket –le supermarchéstationer's –la papeteriebook shop - la librariejeweller's –la bijouterieflorist's - le magasin de fleuristeCorner store –dépaneureSubway –le métroFire hall –le caserne de pompierHospital –l’hôpitalBank –la banquePost office –la posteLibrary –la bibliothèqueCity hall –l’hôtel de villeMuseum –le musée

hardware store –la quincaillerietobacco shop –le tabacopening hours – les heures d’ouvertureon special offer –en promotionsale (bargains) –les soldesself serve –libre serviceopen –ouvertclosed –ferméentrance –l’entréeexit –la sortiecash desk –la caisse

Apartment building –l’immeubleStreet,Road –la rueHighway –une autorouteSidewalk –le trottoireForest –la forêtCountry –la compagneRiver –la rivièrePark –le parc

Bus depot –la routièreAirport –l’aéroportTrain station –la gare

Cinema –le cinémaTheatre –le théatreFactory –l’usine (m.)

Pool –la piscineArena –un arèneStadium –la stadeZoo –le zooFarm –la ferme

33

ShopTalkI can buy something.

1. I can identify which store I need to go to.2. I can identify at least 5 items in my wallet.3. I can list at least ten different places to shop.4. I can ask when the store opens and when it closes.5. I can ask how much something costs6. I can use at least 5 adverbs of quantity7. I can say what I would like and how much I would like.8. I can use money amounts with dollars and cents.9. I can politely ask for assistance in at least 3 different ways.10. I can politely say thank you in at least 3 different ways.

34

TRAVELING / FAIRE LE VOYAGE

where is the? –où se trouve…? Où est…?

Help! –au secours! Aidez-moi!I am lost –je suis perduI can’t find… - Je ne peux pas trouver…How much does….cost? –Combien

coûte…?pack your bags –faire ses valisestravel agent –un agent de voyagesairline –une compagnie aérienneairplane –un avionairport –un aéroportarrivals – les arrivéesdepartures –les départsbaggage –les bagagesbaggage claim –la livraison des

bagagesboarding pass –la carte

d’embarquementcarry-on –bagage à maincustoms –la douaneimmigration – l’immigrationduty free –une boutique hors taxesearly –en avancelate –en retardeconomy class –la classe touristefirst class –la première classeflight –un volgate –une porteone way –aller-simplereturn trip –aller-retourpassenger –un passagerpilot –un pilotesteward, stewardess –un stewardticket –un billetreservation –faire une reservationdeclare –déclarer

take off - décollerland - atterrirboard –embarquerstopover –une escaleterminal –aérogarepassport –un passeportsubsay –le métrostation –la garebus –l’autobustrain –le trainplatform –le quaitaxi –un taximap –la carteforbidden –interditdo not enter –défense d’entrerout of service –hors serviceaccommodations –le logementno vacancy –complet1st, ground floor –le rez-de-chausséeroom –la chambrehighway –une autoroutedriver –un conducteurto drive –conduireto pass –doublertraffic jam –un embouteillageon the way –en routegas –l’essencetrip –une excursionfill up with gas –faire le pleinstop light –le feu rougemotorbike –une motogas station –une station-serviceto park –stationnerto cross –traverserbike –un vélo

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GEOGRAPHY / LA GÉOGRAPHIENearly all countries that end in e are feminine and the rest are masculine. There are just a few exceptions:• le Belize• le Cambodge• le Mexique• le Mozambique• le Zaïre• le Zimbabwe

All continents end in e and all are feminine.Preposition rules for geographical terms:

If country is: To / In Frommasculine and starts with consonant

au du

masculine and starts with vowel en d'feminine en de/ d'plural aux des

If State/Province is: To / In From

masculine and starts with consonant

dans le / au du

masculine and starts with vowel dans l' / en de l' / d'feminine en de

Cities and Islands To / In From

city or singular island à de / d'

plural islands aux des

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TRANSPORTATION (see placemat)

skateboard –un planche à roulettes

rollerblading –faire du roller,running –courir, faire une coursescooter –un scooterdog team –un attelage des chienssnow board –un surf des neiges,

une plance à neigescross-country skiing –ski du fondcanoing –faire du canoëkayak –faire du kayacsailing –voilier, un bateau à voilerow boat –un bateau à ramessubmarine –un sous-marinmotorboat –un bateau à moteurparachute –faire du parachutismemotorbike –un moto, une

motocycletteunicycle –un monocyclecar –une voiturebus –un autobus, un bustaxi –…en taxi, un taxi

glider –un planeurflying saucer –une soucoupe

volantebike –un vélo, une bicyclettescooter –un motor scootersnowmobile –un scooter de neigetransport truck –un camion,

transporter par camionsubway –le metro,hang gliding –un deltaplanehelicopter –un hélicoptère,

héliporterblimp –un saucisse, un dirigeablecamel –un chameau, une

caravane de chameauxhorse –à chevaltour bus –un autocartrain –un trainairplane –un avionair liner –un avion de ligne, un

avion commercialballoon –faire de la montgolfièrerocket –un vaisseau spatial

Comment y aller?Comment est-ce que tu vas à …?

37TravelTalk

1. I can use a map to get from one place to another.2. I can ask for help.3. I can identify compass directions4. I can use common preposition to identify locations5. I can tell where I want to go6. I can read a timetable7. I can give directions8. I can identify map icons9. I can read simple messages at the bus depot, train station,10. I can find a travel agent in the phone book, internet….11. I can rent a car

38

WORK / LES CARRIÈRES ET LES METIERS(see placemat)

actor / un acteuractress / une actriceartist / un(e) artistebaker / un boulanger une

boulangèrebuilder / un maçonbutcher / un bouchercarpenter / un charpentiercashier / un caissier, une

caissièrecivil servant / un(e) fonctionnairecook / le chef, un(e) cuisiner,

cuisinièredentist / un(e) dentistedoctor / un médecinelectrician / un électricienemployee / un(e) employé(e)engineer / un ingénieurfireman / un pompierhairdresser / un coiffeur, une

coiffeuselawyer / un avocat, une avocate

jobless –sans emploifire –renvoyer, virerwork overtime –faire des heures

supplémentairesovertime pay –heures

supplémentairesinterview –faire passer un

entretien à…resumé –un résumé, un

curriculum vitae

maid / une femme de chambremanager / un gérantmechanic / un mécaniciennurse / un infirmier, une infirmièrepainter / un peintrepharmacist / un(e) pharmacien(ne)plumber / un plombierpolice / un policier, une policièresecretary / une secrétairereceptionist / un(e) réceptionnistestudent / un étudiant, une

étudiantehigh school teacher / un(e)

professeur(e),teacher – un(e) enseignant(e)technician / un(e)technicien(ne)waitress / une serveusewaiter / un serveurwriter / un écrivainboss –patron/patronnejob –un emploi, un postetask –un travailmanual laborer –ouvrier/ouvrièrewhite-coller worker –employé(e)hire –engagerpay –payerwage –le salaire

Don’t use un,une with a profession. Je suis acteur. Qu’est-ce que tu vas être? Je vais être médecin.It pays well. –C’est bien payé

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TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION

texting –le textoturn on –allumerto type –taperclick –cliquerto send –envoyeremail –le courrier,smartphone –le mobile, le

portable,gps –le GPScomputer –un ordinateurkeyboard –un clavierkey –une touchedownload –téléchargericon –un icônefont –la policebrowse –naviguerweb browser –navigateurscreen –un écrandisk –une disquetteprinter –une imprimantesoftware –un logiciel

save/backup –sauvegarderthe net –la toileto crash –planterswitch off –éteindremouse –une souriswebsite –un site webwebpage –la page webthe web –le webthe Internet –l’InternetUSB key –la clé USBLink –un lienDrag and drop –glisser et déposerFile –un fichierFolder –un dossierSpreadsheet –un tableurHome page –un page d’acceuil

40

JobTalkI can apply for a job and do a job interview.

I can :1. ...fill out a job application form2. ...call an employer for an interview3. ...look for a job in the want ads.4. ...describe my strengths and weaknesses5. ...tell my interests to the interviewer6. ...research a job for wages and benefits and working conditions

41

GAMES, SPORTS, ENTERTAINMENTLES JEUX, LES SPORTS, LES DIVERTISSEMENTS, LES LOISIRS

to play a game or sport. jouer à la, au, aux...,Jouer au base-ballJouer au basketballJouer au footballJouer au golfJouer au hockeyJouer au tennisJouer au volleyballjouer aux échecs (chess)

to play a musical instrument –jouer de la, du, des…

jouer de la clarinettejouer du saxophonejouer des battries (drums)jouer de la guitarejouer du trompetjouer de la basse

stadium –la stadearena –l’arène

faire  de la boxeHorseback riding –Faire du chevalFaire du cyclismeFaire du joggingSwimming –Faire de la natationSkating –Faire du patin, faire du patinageRoller skating –Faire du patin à roulettesDiving –Faire de la plongéeFaire du skiCross-country skiing –Faire du ski de fondWater skiing –Faire du ski nautiqueArchery –Faire du tir à l’arcSailing –Faire la voileFaire du parachutisme

biking –faire du vélo, faire de la bicyclettehunting –faire la chassereading –faire la lecturewrestling –faire de la lutte

go fishing –aller à la pechecooking –faire la cuisinedancing –la danse

42

SUBJECT PRONOUNSMEMORIZE!!!!!!

singular plural

1st person I –je, j’ We - nousTakes the place of “X and me…”

2nd person You –tuSingular and familiar mode

You –vousPlural and also singular polite mode

3rd person

He/it –ilShe/it –elleOne/we –onwho –quiTakes the place of “name”…; le…, la…, ce…”

They –ils,elles

Takes the place of « les… » « names… »« ces… » etc..

ARTICLES : THE, A, SOME....There are three articles, just like in English. The definite article is ‘the’and it comes in four forms. The indefinite article is ‘a’, and comes in two forms, andThe partitive artice, meaning ‘some’or ‘any’comes in four forms.

EnglishMasculine

FormVowel form Feminine form Plural form

the le l’ la lesa un une

of, some / any du(de + le)

de l’ de la des(de + les)

Changing with the negative._ SAYING “NOT ANY”

I have some candy. J’ai des bonbons.I have no candy. I haven’t any candy. Je n’ai pas de bonbons.

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MORE PRONOUNS

INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS (replace the people in a sentence to/for whom the action of the verb occurs.)

to me / me, m' to us / nousto you / te, t' to you / vousto him, her, it / lui to them / leur

I am talking to Paul. Je parle à Paul.I am talking to him. Je lui parle.I give candies to the students. Je donne des bonbons aux etudiants.I give candies to them. Je leur donne des bonbons.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS (replace the people or things that receive the action of the verb in a sentence.)

Me / me, m' us / nousyou (s) / te, t' you (pl) / voushim, it / le, l' them / lesher, it / la, l'

I love you. –je vous aime.I love them. –Je les aime.I love her/him/it. –Je l’aime.He loves us. –Il nous aime.

ADVERBIAL PRONOUNS

Y replaces a noun with ‘to’or ‘à’in front of it. It means ‘there’.

I go to Toronto. Je vais à Toronto.I go there. J’y vais.

EN replaces a quantity. It means one, some,or any.

I want candy. Je veux des bonbons.I want some. J’en veux.There are a lot of candies. Il y a beaucoup de bonbons.There are a lot of them. Il y en a beaucoup.

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POSSESSING THINGS...

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVESThese adjectives are placed in front of the noun you are describing, just like you do in English. E.g. my brother = mon frère, my sister = ma soeur,

Possessive Adjective Masculine form For all nouns beginning with a vowel, or silent ‘h’

Feminine form Plural form

My mon mon ma mesYour ton ton ta tesHis/her /its son son sa sesOur notre nosYour votre vostheir leur leurs

Note: the vowel beats the gender. So, even if you are describing a feminine noun, if it starts with a vowel, use the masculine form. E.g. mon ami, mon amieA lot of learners get mixed up with his/her. Notice that there are four ways of saying his, and four ways of saying her. It is the noun’s gender that dictates which adjective to use, not the owner. So, in French, if you want to say ‘her dog’, you don’t say ‘sa chien’, you say ‘son chien’, because chien is a maculine noun. If you want to say ‘his mother’, you would say ‘sa mère’, because mère is feminine (la mère)

As you may recall from learning about ‘de’(see page….) , there is the ‘de’method of showing ownership or possession, similar to the English use of ‘s at the end of a noun. (e.g. )

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS – YOURS AND MINE...

English Masculine sing. Feminine plural Masculine plural Feminine plural

Mine Le mien La mienne Les miens Les miennesYours (singular) Le tien La tienne Les tiens Les tiennesHis/hers/its Le sien La sienne Les siens Les siennesOurs Le nôtre La nôtre Les nôtresYours (plural) Le vôtre La vôtre Les vôtresTheirs Le leur La leur Les leurs

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NEGATIVES – SAYING NO

This is a list of the ways French uses the negative. Always sandwich these words around the verb. ne becomes n’ in front of a vowel. (tu n’aimes pas, Vous n’allez pas….)

not ne...pasnever ne...jamaisany more ne...plusnothing ne...rienno one ne...personnenot at all! pas du tout !not any, none aucunonly ne…que

Remember these formulas:

present tense:pronoun + ne/n’ + verb + pasje ne vais pas. Je n’est pas

past tense :pronoun + ne/n’+ avoir/être + pas + past participleJe n’ai pas vu. Ils n’ont pas

future tense :pronoun + ne/n’+ aller + pas + infinitiveil ne va pas regarder?

asking negative questions (inversion method)   : ne/n’+ verb-pronoun + pas? Ne sont-ils pas? N’avez-vous pas?add a ‘t’between vowels with il and elleNe parle-t-il pas?ne/n’+ avoir/être + - + pronoun + pas + past participlen’avez-vous pas vu?

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ADJECTIVES – COMMON PAIRS

bon –mauvaistriste –contentfort –faibleriche –pauvrefroid –chaudcourt –longgrand –petitintelligent –stupideméchant –gentilfatigué –excité

même –différentlourd –légercalme –nerveuxtranquille –inquietfou –sérieuxintéressant –ennuyeuxsec –mouilléoccupé –paresseuxdur –mou, douxpropre – sale

vite –lentvieux –jeunepossible –impossiblemeilleure –piregros –maigrebien rangé –en désordrefacile –difficilebeau/belle –laidejolie –vilain

How are you feeling? –Comment tu te sens?What’s wrong? –Qu’est-ce qu’il y a?How’s is going? –Comment ça va?

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DESCRIBING MOOD AND APPEARANCE

MoodHappy –heureux / heureuseContent, satisfied –Content/contenteSad –TristeUnhappy – Malheureux/malheureuse:Sick MaladeSick (with a cold or flu) Enrhumé/enrhumée:Tired Fatigué/fatiguée:Broken (literally): extreme exhaustion or extreme physical

feelings of malaise, Cassé/casséeAble (to do something or in general) –CapableUnable (to do something or in general) –IncapableRushed – Pressé/presséeDepressed (either in the clinical or non clinical sense) –Déprimé/dépriméeAngry –Fâché/fâchéeFurious – Furieux/furieuseIn love – Amoureux/amoureuseanxious – anxieux/anxieuseapprehensive – inquiet/inquiètebusy - occupé(e)compassionate – compatissant(e)awkward – maladroit(e)alert – alert(e)frail –frêlelonely - solitairemiserable - malheureux/malheureusenervous - nerveux/nerveusepensive - songeur/songeuserestless - agité(e)surprised–surpris/surpriseimpressed–impressionnéinterested–intéresséproud–fier/fièreconfused–confus/confusefrustrated- frustré

Appearanceattractive - attrayant(e)bald - chauvebeautiful - beau/bellebig - grand(e)bloody - sanglant(e)blonde - blond(e)bony - osseux/osseusebrunnette - brunettechubby - pôtelé(e)curly - bouclé(e)cute/pretty - joliefat - gros(se)haggard - exténué(e)tall - grand(e)short - petit(e), court(e) (hair)slender - minceugly - laid(e)

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DESCRIBING PERSONALITY, ETC...

Personality, Character

academic - intellectuel(le)active - actif/activeacrimonious - acrimonieux/acrimonieuseaffectionate - affectueux/affectueuseaggressive - agressif/agressiveagreeable - agréablealoof - distant(e)amicable - amical(e)approachable - abordableathletic,sporty - sportif/sportivebad - méchant(e)bitter - amer/amèreblunt - brusquebossy - autoritairebrave - courageux/courageusecandid - franc/franchecarefree - insouciant(e)careless - négligent(e)chatty - bavard(e)competent or capable - compétant(e)conceited - vaniteux/vaniteusedespicable - méprisabledumb –bêteevil - malfaisant(e)fashionable - à la modefunny - drôleinsane - fou/folle

generous - généreux/généreusegentle - doux/douceimpolite - impoli(e)intelligent –intelligent(e)jealous –jaloux / jalouseloving - affectueux/affecteusemean - méchant(e)merciful - miséricordieux/miséricordieusenice - sympathiqueobnoxious - odieux/odieuseobstinate - obstiné(e)organised –organisé(e)petty - mesquin(e)quiet - tranquillereasonable - raisonableselfish –égoïste

sensitive - sensibleserious –sérieux/sérieuse

stodgy - lourd(e)strong - fort(e)terrible –térriblewise –sage

Social classPoor –pauvreRich –riche

Religious FaithBuddhist –bouddhistCatholic –catholiqueChristian –chrétienMoslem/Islamic –musulman

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THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE….

Demonstrative AdjectivesThese behave the same way as the English equivalent. These go before the noun being described. They must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify:E.g. this dog = ce chien, that guy = cet homme

English Masculine Masculine vowel or mute h

Feminine(and feminine vowel)

Plural

This, that,

These,those

ce cet cette

ces

Demonstrative Pronouns   : Each of the four demonstrative pronouns can refer to something nearby or far away. That is, celui and celle can both mean "this one" or "that one," while ceux and celles can both mean "these" or "those." Your listener can usually tell by the context which you mean, but if you want to stress one or the other, you can use a suffix (see below).

English Masculine Feminine

this, that celui cellethese, those ceux celles

You can distinguish between this one and that one, these and those by adding -ci (here) and -là (there)Which girl did it, this one or that one?Quelle fille l'a fait, celle-ci ou celle-là ?I don't know if I want these or those.Je ne sais pas si je veux ceux-ci ou ceux-là.

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ADJECTIVES THAT GO BEFORE THE NOUN

some mnemonic devices to help you remember...

B eauty (pretty, beautiful, ugly )

Age (old, young, new)

Goodness (good, bad, kind)

Size (big, small, tall, fat, short, long)

This poem of the same adjectives will also help you

remember.

vieux, jeune, nouveauvilain, joli, beau

court, longmauvais, bon

grand, petit, gros

Or this French acronym… bâton

B (beauty: beau, belle, joli)Âge (age: jeune, nouveau, vieux, )

Taille: (size: grand, petit, gros, court, long)

BOnté (goodness: bon, mauvais, vilain, gentil)Nombre (number:un, deux…plusieurs, quelques)

Other adjectives that go before the noun...

Other autreEach,every chaqueLast derniersuch TelAll, whole, every Tout, tous

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COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVEBETTER AND BEST

To make a comparison between two nouns, equivalent to the English –er than…. use this formula:

X is –er than Y Paul is smarter than Bill. Bill is less intelligent than Paul.

X + est + plus/moins + adjective + que + Y Paul est plus intelligent que Bill Bill est moins intelligent que Paul.

X is the –est Paul is the smartest. Bill is the least smart. X + est + le/la/les + plus/moins + adjective Paul est le plus intelligent. Bill est le moins intelligent.

the best – le meilleurebetter than – mieux que…the worst – le pireworse than – plus mal que…

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ADVERBS - COMMON PAIRS

TIME (when?)Aujourd’hui – demainDemain – hieravant-hier – après-demainTôt – tardÀ temps – en retardAvant – aprèsPremièrement – enfinTout de suite – tout à l’heureMaintenant – plus tarddepuis – il y ad’abord - enfin

FREQUENCY (how often?)Jamais – souventTous les jours – rarementToujours – jamais

QUANTITY (how many?)Un peu de – beaucoup deMoins de – plus deTrop de – assez deVide – plein(e), complet(e)

PLACE (where?)Ici – làPartout – quelque partDedans – dehorsDevant – derrièreEn haut – en basDessus – dessousPrès de – loin deSur – sousDroite – gauche

MANNER (in what way? how?)Mal –bienRapidement –lentement

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ADVERBS FROM ADJECTIVES

The French have a simple method of making adverbs by adding the ending 'ment' to adjectives, similar to the English method of adding adding 'ly' to adjectives.

1. If the adjective ends in a vowel, just add ‘ment’

Absolutely – absolument Comfortably - confortablementPolitely – poliment Truly - vraiment

2. If the feminine version ends in a consonant – add ‘ment’ to the feminine formSoftly – doucement Seriously - sérieusementactively Activement Rapidly – rapidementeasily Facilement Firstly – premièrementprobably Probablement Courageously - courageusement

3. Sometimes the finale ‘e’ changes to ‘é’Precisely – précisément Enormously – énormémentprofoundly Profondément -

4. Adding –amment or –emment to adjectives ending in –ant or -ent

Loud –bruyant Loudly – bruyammentConstant – constant Constantly – constamment

Intelligent – intelligent Intelligently - intelligemment

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DIRECTIONS AND LOCATIONS CHART

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DIRECTIONS AND LOCATIONS - PAIRS

Giving Directions…

To – from à –deLeft – right à gauche –à droitestraight ahead tout droitNorth – south au nord –au sudEast – west à l’est –à l’ouestToward – by,through vers –pars

Telling Locations…Here – there Ici – làclose to – far from près de – loin deOn – under sur –sousAbove – below Au-dessus – au-dessousHigh – low en haut – en basin front – behind Devant – derrièreInside – outside Dedans – dehorsBefore – after Avant – aprèsBetween – beside Entre – à côté deFacing – back of en face de – à l’arrière de

Qu’est-ce vous trouvez…?Où est-ce vous trouvez le….?

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CONJUNCTIONS – JOINING THOUGHTS

and etbecause parce-queor ouBut maisthat... que...if… si…

also aussiso… doncso/therefor alorslike, as comme…then… puis

however cependantand yet, though

pourtant

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THE BIG 4 (être, avoir, faire, aller)

être –to beJ’/ Je

suis amNous

sommes areTu

es areVous

êtes areIl, elle, on, qui

est isIls, elles,…

sont are

avoir –to haveJ’/ Je

ai haveNous

avons haveTu

as haveVous

avez haveIl, elle, on, qui

a hasIls, elles,…

ont have

faire –to make, to doJ’/ Je

fais doNous

faisons doTu

fais doVous

faites doIl, elle, on, qui

fait doesIls, elles,…

font do

aller –to goJ’/ Je

vais goNous

allons goTu

vas goVous

allez goIl, elle, on, qui

va goesIls, elles,…

vont go

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EXPRESSIONS WITH THE BIG 4

EXPRESSIONS WITH ÊTREWe are Canadian Nous sommes canadiensHe's good looking. Il est beau.I'm in Oshawa. Je suis à Oshawa.I'm a student. Je suis étudiant.It's true, isn't it? C'est vrai, n'est-ce pas?This is my book. Ce livre est à moi.

EXPRESSIONS WITH AVOIRI'm hungry – J'ai faim I'm thirsty – J'ai soif.I'm right – J'ai raison You're wrong – Tu as tort.I'm hot – J'ai chaud. I'm cold – J'ai froid.I'm afraid of spiders. - J'ai peur des araignées. He's lucky – Il a de la chance.I need money. - J'ai besoin de l'argent. He seems smart. - Il a l'air intelligent.

EXPRESSIONS WITH FAIREIt's hot outside – Il fait chaud I cook – je fais la cuisineI read – je fais la lecture. I go hunting – je fais la chasseI garden – Je fais du jardinage. I do an internship – je fais un stage.I go on a picnic – je fais un pique-nique. I do my best – je fais de mon mieux.I play drums – Je fais de la batterie. I study geography – Je fais de la géographie.

EXPRESSIONS WITH ALLERI'll get it. - Je vais le chercher. Go ahead! - Allez-y!Let's go! - Allons-y! How are you? - Comment ça va?I walk – Je vais à pied. I go fishing. - Je vais à la pêche.I'm taking off! - Je m'en vais! That goes without saying. - Ça va sans dire.

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PRESENT TENSEREGULAR VERB ENDINGS

Present Tense ER verb endings…

J’/ Je …

…eNous , X et moi…

…onsTu …

…esVous

…ezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

…eIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

…ent

Present Tense RE verb endings…

J’/ Je …

…sNous , X et moi…

…onsTu …

…sVous

…ezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

…Ils, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

…ent

Present Tense IR verb endings…

J’/ Je …

…isNous , X et moi…

…issonsTu …

…isVous

…issezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

…itIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

…issent

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COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS

Vouloir – to wantJ’/ Je …

veuxNous , X et moi…

voulonsTu …

veuxVous

voulezIl, elle, on, qui

veutIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

veulent

Pouvoir – can, be able toJ’/ Je …

peuxNous , X et moi…

pouvonsTu …

peuxVous

pouvezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

peutIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

peuvent

Devoir – should, mustJ’/ Je …

doisNous , X et moi…

devonsTu …

doisVous

devezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

doitIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

doivent

Voir – to seeJ’/ Je

voisNous , X et moi…

voyonsTu

voisVous

voyezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

voitIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

voient

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Savoir – to know a factJ’/ Je …

saisNous , X et moi…

savonsTu …

saisVous

savezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

saitIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

savent

Connaitre – to be aquainted withJ’/ Je …

connaisNous , X et moi…

connaissonsTu …

connaisVous

connaissezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

connaitIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

connaissent

Prendre – to takeJ’/ Je

prendsNous , X et moi…

prenonsTu

prendsVous

prenezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

prendIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

prennent

Mettre – to putJ’/ Je

metNous , X et moi…

mettonsTu

metsVous

mettezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

metIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

mettent

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Dire – to say

J’/ Je

disNous , X et moi…

disonsTu

disVous

ditesIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

ditIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

disent

Partir – to leave (implies a specific destination)

J’/ Je

parsNous , X et moi…

partonsTu

parsVous

partezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

partIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

partent

Sortir – to go out (exit generally, take something outside)

J’/ Je

sorsNous , X et moi…

sortonsTu

sorsVous

sortezIl, elle, on, qui, le…, la… ‘name’…

sortIls, elles, les…, ‘names’… ‘name et name…’

sortent

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THE FUTURE TENSE

Formula for future proche –the ‘going’to… method

Take aller in present tense and add the infinitive.

pronoun + aller + infinitive(verb with er, ir, re ending)

jeI

vaisam going

finirto finish

tuyou

vasare going

attendreto wait

Il, Elle, On, QuiHe, she,

vais going

regarderto watch

Nouswe

allonsare going

étudierto study

Vousyou

allezare going

partirto leave

Ils, Ellesthey

vontare going

jouerto play

Formula for future simple –the ‘will’… method

pronoun + infinitive + endingsje regarder AI –i will watch

tu attendr AS –you will wait

il,elle,on,qui finir A –he will finish

nous choisir ONS –We will choose

vous écouter EZ –You will choose

ils,elles descendr ONT –They will choose

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LOTS AND LOTS OF INFINITIVES…..Easy cognate verbs to play with. Practice with a partner to guess meanings.Abandoner – to quit, abandonAbolir - to abolishAbominer – to hateS’absenter – to leave,Absorber – to absorbAbstenir – to abstainAbuser – to abuseAccepter – to acceptAccompagner – to accompanyAccomplir – to accomplishAccumuler – to accumulateAcquérir – to aquireAdapter – to adaptAdmettre – to admitAdopter – to adoptAdorer – to adoreAdresser – to addressAffirmer – to affirmAggraver – to aggravateAider – to help, aidAjuster – to adjustAllumer – to alluminate, turn onAmasser – to pile up, amassAmputer – to amputateAmuser – to entertainAnimer – to animate, give life toAnnihiler – to destroyAnnoncer – to announce,Annuler – to annul, cancelApparaître – to appearApplaudir – to applaudAppointir – to appointApprocher – to approachAppliquer – to applyApprécier – to appreciateAssembler – to assembleAssassiner – to murderAssoccier – to associateAttaquer – to attackArgumenter – to argueArranger – to arrangeAutoriser – to authorize, allow

Balancer – to balanceBoxer – to boxBrosser – to brushCalculer – to calculateCalmer – to calmCaractériser – characterizeCataloguer – to listCentrer – to centerChaîner – to chainChallenger – to challengeChanger – to changeChasser – to chase, huntCirculer – to circulateCiviliser – to civilizeCoexister – to coexistCollaborer à – collaborate withCollecter – to collectColorer – to colorCombiner – combineCommuniquer – communicateComparer – compareCompléter – completeConcentrer – concentrateConditionner – to conditionConfesser – to confessConfirmer – confirmConsiderer – to considerConsister – to consiste ofConsulter – to consultContinuer – to continueContribuer – to contributeCopier – to copyCorrespondre – to correspondCouvrir – to cover withCraquer – to crackCréer – to createCritiquer- to criticizeCroquer – to crunch, munchCultiver – to cultivateCumuler – accumulateDamner – to damnDanser – to danseDécider – to decideDéclarer – to declareDécorer – to decorate

Décrire – to describeDéfendre – to defendDémolir – demolishDémontrer – demontrateDésarmer – disarmDésobéir – disobeyDéterminer – determine, establishDétester – hateDétruire – destroyDiscontinuer – discontinueDiscuter – discussDisputer – fight for, disputeDiviser – to divideDistribuer – to distibuteDivorcer – to divorceDominer – to dominateDoubler – to doubleDriller – to drillDroguer – to drugDynamiter – to dynamite

Embarrasser – to embarrassEmbrasser – to embraceémigrer – to emigrateEmployer – to employ, useEncourager – to encourageEngager – to engageEngraver – to engraveEnricher – to enrichEntraîner – to train, coach,Enveloper – to wrap up,épicer – to spiceéroder – to erodeéstammer – to estimateexagérer – to exaggerateexaminer – to examineexciter – to exciteexcuser –to apologiseexecuter – to executeexercer – to exerciseexister – to existexpliquer – to explainexplorer – to exploreExploser – to explodeExporter – to export

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Falsifier – to falsifyFamliariser – to get used toFavoriser – to favourFertiliser – to fertilizeFixer – to fixFlamber – to blazeFlatter – to flatterFlotter – to floatForcer – to forceFormer – to formFortifier – to fortify, make strongFrapper – to knockFumer – to smoke, steamGaloper – to gallopGarantir – to guaranteeGarder – to keep, guard,Généraliser – to generalizeGesticuler – to gesticulateGlouglouter – to gurgleGouverner – to governGrouper – to groupHésiter – to hesitateHonorer – to honourHospitaliser – to hospitalizeHumilier – to humiliateHypnotiser – to hypnotize

idéaliser – to idealizeIdentifier – to identifyIgnorer – to ignoreIluminer –to illuminateImaginer – to imagineImiter – to imitateImplorer – to imploreImposer – to imposeIncliner – to incline, leanIndiquer – to indicateInformer – to informInjecter – to injectInsister – to insistInspirer – to inspire, breathe inInstaller – to installInterpéter – to interpretInterroger – to interrogateInterrompre – to interruptIntroduire – to introduceInventer – to inventInviter – to inviteIrriter – to irritate

Isoler – to isolate

Jalouser – to be jealous ofJapper – to yapJeter – to throwJoindre – to joinJuger – to judgeJustifier – to justifyKidnapper – to kidnapLacer – to lace upLancer – to throwLibérer – to free, releaseMâcher – to chewMaintenir – to maintainManager – to manageManipuler – to manipulateMarier – to marryMarquer – to mark, note, scoreMatcher – to matchMémoriser – to memorizeMesurer – to measureMinimiser – to minimizeMoquer – to mock, make fun ofNégliger – to neglectNommer – to name

Obéir – to obeyObliger – to obligeObserver – to observeOrganizer – to organize

Parachuter – to parachuteParfumer – to scent, flavourParticiper – to participatePasser – to pass time, go past,Payer – to pay, pay forPeindre – to paintPercer – to piercePermettre – to permit, allowPersuader – to persuadePhotographer – to photographPiloter – to steer, pilotPique-niquer – to picnicPiquer – to sting, bite, prickPlacer – to placePlanter – to plantPlonger – to dive, plunge

Plumer – to pluckPorter – to carry, wearPosséder – to possess, ownPousser – to pushPréférer – to preferProjeter – to projectPromettre – to promiseProtester – to protestProuver – to provePublier – to publishQuestioner – to questionQuitter – to leave, vacate, desertRanger – to tidy, arrange,Raser – to shaveRassembler – to reassembleRéaliser – to realizeRecevoir – to receiveRéciter – to reciteRecommander – to recommendRecycler – to recycleRefuser – to refuseRegretter – to regretRejeter – to rejectRemplacer – to replaceRéparer – to repareRépéter – to repeatRépondre – to respond, answerReprésenter – to representRespecter – to respectRespirer – to breatheResemmbler – to ressembleRetourner – to returnRoter – to belchRôtir – to roastRuiner – to ruinSacrifier – to sacrificeSatisfaire – to satisfySéparer – to separateSiffler – to whistleSignaler – to signalSigner – to signSnober – to snubSouper – to have supperSplitter – to spl

66

Sprinter – to sprintStabiliser – to stabilizeStimuler – to stimulateStripper – to stripSuggérer – to suggestSupposer – to supposeSuspecter – to suspectSuspendre à – to suspendSwinguer – to swingTatouer – to tatooTaxer – to taxTéléphoner – to phoneTerminer – to endTerrifier – to terrifyTerroriser – to terrorizeToaster – to toastToiletter – to groomTorturer – to tortureToucher – to touchTourner – to turnTousser – to coughTransformer – to change intoTransplanter – to transplantTransporter – to carryTraverser – to crossTrembler – to trembleTripler – to tripleTroubler – to disturbTwister – to twist

Ululer – to hoot (owl)Unir – to uniteUser – to use, wear awayUtiliser – to use

Vacciner – to vaccinateVaseliner – to coat with VaselineVomir – to vomitVoter – to voteVoyager – to travelVibrer – to vibrateViolenter – to batter, assaultVocaliser – to vocalizeVisualiser – to visualizeZébrer – to stripe, streakZozoter – to lisp

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THE REGULAR PAST TENSE WITH AVOIR

MEMORIZE THIS.....

ER verbs change to ée.g. regarder –regardé

IR verbs change to ie.g. finir –fini

RE verbs change to ue.g. attendre –attendu

Here is the formula for past tense with avoir…

pronoun + avoir + verb stem + endingtu as regard éil a fin iNous avons attend u

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IRREGULAR PAST TENSE WITH AVOIR

Unfortunately there are always exceptions. The following list of irregular verbs should be mastered, along with their past participles.

Être –to be étéAvoir –to have euPrendre –to take prisLire –to read luDevoir –should, must dûSavoir –to know suPouvoir –can, be able to puVoir –to see vuVouloir –to want vouluCouvrir –to cover couvertOuvrir –to open ouvertOffrir –to offer offertComprendre –to understand

compris

Mettre –to put misDire –to say, tell disFaire –to make, do fait

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PAST TENSE WITH ÊTREThere are several verbs that don’t use avoir in the passé compose, but use être instead. In grade 8 you should memorize this list of verbs using the following mnemonics. There are others, but I find this the easiest….There are several mnemonic devices, but I find this the easiest...

THE ADVENT R VERBSThese are laid out in pairs of opposites.

to arrive –Arriver to leave –partirto go down –Descendre to go up –monterto come –Venir to go –allerto enter –Entrer to exit –sortirto be born –Naitre to die – mourirto fall –Tomberto stay –Rester to return –retourner

Here is the formula for past tense with être…

pronoun + être + verb stem + endingje suis arrivé(e)tu es allé(e)il est sortiNous sommes descendu(e)snot-so-tricky spelling rules for gender and plurality1. an extra ‘e’if the pronoun is feminine

e.g. elle est arrivée2.add an ‘s’if the pronoun is plural

e.g. vous êtes arrivés3. add an ‘es’if the pronoun is feminine plural

e.g. elles sont arrivées

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GIVING ORDERS – THE IMPERATIVETo give a command you only use three (TU,VOUS, NOUS) forms, and you don’t use the pronoun

For example: faire – to do

Faisons le travaille!

(Let’s) do the work!Va au bureau!Fais le travaille! Do the work!(familiar version, or singular version)

Faites le travaille! Do the work!(polite version, or plural version)

Note : When writing the imperative in singular tu, the final ‘s’ is dropped.Irregular imperativesThese require special study. You will spend more time on these in high school.

avoir(tu) aie = have !(nous) ayons = let’s have…!(vous) ayez

être(tu) sois = bee.g. sois patient = be patient!(nous) soyons(vous) soyez

savoir(tu) sache(nous) sachons(vous) sachez

vouloir(tu) veuille(nous) n/a(vous) veuillez

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COMMON VERB PAIRS FOR PRACTICE

I have written these verbs in the imperative form, but you can change them to third person singular or first person plural to hear the patterns.

dites –parlezlevez-vous –asseyez-voussautez –arrêtezcommencez –finissezbuvez –mangezvas –viensallez –venezoubliez –se rappelezvolez –tombezdansez –chantezmettez –enlevezcherchez –trouvezouvrez –fermezrestez –bougeztraversez –restezmarchez - courezsortez –entrezgagnez –perdez

dormez –réveillezarrivez –partezdonnez –prenezgardez –laissezécrivez –effacezmontez –descendezcriez –chuchotezaimez –détestezpleurez –riezpassez –ramassezlevez –baissezpoussez –tirezlancez –attrapezenseignez –apprenezdemandez –répondezapparaissez –disparaissezconstruisez –détruisezjouez –travaillez

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WRITING IN FRENCH –

THE APOSTROPHE

Whenever you come across an apostrophe, pretend it’s not there and blend the sounds together as one. Do not stall or stop while reading the word with an adjoining apostrophe. It is simply there to disallow two short vowel sounds from ‘banging’ into each other.e.g. que + il = qu’il, que + elle = qu’elle, je + ai = j’ai,….

Note: this rap will help you….

Deux voyelles ensemble comme çaSe cognent et ça ne marche pas!Enlève le ‘e’, met l’apostrophe aprèsEt maintenant ça marche, c’est vrai!

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FRENCH ACCENTS

The French language has accents for a reason; to distinguish the sound of the letter, and to distinguish homographs (words that sound and spelled the same) French evolved over a long time as a dialect of spoken Latin, called Romance. Other Romance languages include: Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portugese. And, like other languages, the writing/spelling evolved over time to show the specific sounds particular to the language of a particular region.Here is a quick and dirty explanation of the French accents.

1. The acute accent, accent aigu (é) sounds like an ‘ay’ sound. Always!

2. The grave accent, accent grave (è), sounds like an ‘eh’ sound. Accent grave is also used on the u, such as où. Où (meaning ‘where’) sounds like ou (meaning ‘or’). The accent is added to tell the otherwise identical words apart. Other homographs are ‘a’ and ‘à’

3. The circumflex accent, accent circonflexe, is found on e, a, i, u, and o. It looks like ê, â, ô î, û. It was used as a shortcut to spelling words that originally had an ‘s’ after those letters. (e.g. fenêtre, used to be fenestre, forêt used to be forest, etc…)

It is also used to distinguish homographs apart from each other.du is different in meaning from dû.la is different in meaning from làou is different in meaning from où

4. The cedilla, accent cédille, is only found on c’s, like this: ç, and always sounds like an ‘s’. e.g. garçon . If a c is followed by and e or an I, is always sounds like an ‘s’. e.g. Cedric…. But also be aware that c can be pronounced like a hard k, such as café

5. ï , the two dots above the vowel, called a trema, are designed to separate two consecutive vowels sounds. e.g. naïve, not naive

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PUNCTUATION RULES1. When typing numbers and money, a space replaces the comma, anda comma replaces the decimal point. Put a space after the lastnumber and the dollar sign goes at the end. English: $1,343.57French: 1 343,57 $English: 2,000,500 French: 2 000 500

2. When writing the time, use the 24 hour clock, and place a spacebefore and after the „h‟English: 3:30 p.m.French: 15 h 30

3. Quotation marks, called guillemots, are different and have a spaceafter opening and before closing. See the section on Typing inFrench. « bonjour ! »

4. Always type two spaces after the colon (:), called deux points.

5. One space after a semi-colon, point-virgule (;). Don’t put a spacebefore it.

6. The period, point (.), has the same rules as in English. Type twospaces after you’ve ended a sentence.

As a student you should be able to:• recognize and utilize the editing marks (see editing chart)• edit written text• remember the spacing rules when using punctuation marks.

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CAPITALIZATION RULES FOR FRENCH

1. Don’t capitalize seasons, days, monthsété, en hiver, jeudi, mardi, septembre, mai, ...

2. Don’t capitalize compass directions unless it is the proper name of aplace.nord (le Nord), est (l’Est)...

3. Don’t capitalize religions (unless you are describing a follower of areligion)chrétien, catholique, musulman, bouddhisme,

4. Don’t capitalize nationalities or languages (unless you are describinga human being)canadien, italien, allemande, anglais, français....

5. Don’t capitalize geographical words (street, mountain, ocean, sea,avenue...)rue, avenue, mont, mer, océan...

7. Don’t capitalize je unless it’s at the beginning of a sentence.

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TYPING IN FRENCH: USING THE COMPUTER KEYBOARD SETTINGS

Go to your Control Panel and set the language and keyboard to the following settings…

1. Change language US to French (Canada)2. Use Keyboard English (Canadian Multilingual Standard)3. Set keyboard control to be visible on task bar or on desktop for changing between language settings…all keys are the same as usual except the following, which are easy to find…

To make a….. Type….é, É / left shift then /è, È ’ left shift then ’

ô, î, ê, â…. [ then the letter o,i,e,aç ]à \ù Right alt then [ then u

French quotation marks « …. »

Left shift and > (it will automatically point in the correct direction at the beginning and end of the quote

? Right shift then 6’ (the apostrophe) Left shift then , (comma)

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TYPING IN FRENCH: USING THE ALT KEY AND ASCII CODES

An alternative way to typing in French, or other foreign languages, when you don’t want to go through the bother of changing the keyboard and language settings, is to use the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange )codes with the ‘alt’ key with the numeric keypad. Make sure you turn on the “Num Lock” key, press Alt, hold and press the desired numbers on the numeric keypad, not the numbers in the top row, then release the ‘Alt’ key. Note that capital letters have separate code numbers.

A E I O U Cà - 133À - 0192

é - 130É - 144

î - 140Î - 0206

ô - 147Ô - 0212

ù - 151Ù -0217

ç - 135Ç - 128

â - 131Â - 0194

è - 138È - 0200

ï - 139Ï - 0207

û - 150Ü - 154

ê - 136Ê - 0202ë - 137Ë - 0203

æ - 145Æ - 146

œ - 0156Œ – 0140

When typing oe, and ae, the computer keyboard often joins them together,such as in œuf, sœur, œil. I haven’t found this to be very consistent. It is not mandatory that these letters be squished together, though it isrecommended to join them when handwriting in French.

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TEXTING IN FRENCH / LES TEXTOS (compiled from www.cpf.on.ca and french.about.com )

General Rules: phonetic short forms… É replaces c’est, s’est, sais, etc… C replaces ai, ais K can replace QU (koi) O replaces AU, EAU, AUX, etc. T replaces T’ES, etc.. 1 replaces UN, EN, IN 2 replaces DE

TEXT FRENCH ENGLISH12C4, A12C4 Un de ces quatre One of these days2 ri 1 De rien You’re welcome6né Ciné Movie theaterA+, @+ À plus L8R Later,A2m1, @2m1 À demain CU2moro Til tomorrow,AMHA À mon humble avis IMHO In my humble opinion,AP, APLS À plus, TTFN, L8r, later, Tata for nowASV Âge, sexe, ville ASL , Age, sex, locationALP À la prochaine TTFN, Tata for now,A tt À tout à l’heure See you soonAuj Aujourd’hui TodayB1sur Bien sûr Of courseBCP Beaucoup A lotBi1to Bientôt Real soon now, RSNBiz Bisous XXX, KissesBjr Bonjour HelloC C’est It isC1Blag C’est une blague It’s a joke, just kiddingCAD C’est-à-dire That is, i.e.Cb1 C’est bien That’s goodC Cho c’est chaud it’s hotCé C’est It isChé Chez At the home of…Chu/chui/chuis Je suis I amC mal1 C’est malin That’s clever, sneakyC pa 5pa C’es pas sympa That’s not niceCPG C’est pas grave INBD, it’s no big dealCt C’était It wasD100 Descends Get downD’ac, dak D’accord OKDSL Désolé IMS, I’m sorryDQP Dès que possible ASAP, as soon as possibleEDR Écroulé de rire LOL, laughing out loudENTK, EntouK En tout cas IAC, in any case

TEXT FRENCH ENGLISH

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FAI Fournisser d’assès internet ISP, internet service providerFDS Fin de semaine Wknd, weekendG J’ai I haveGHT J’ai acheté I boughtG la N J’ai la haine H8, hateGspR b1 J’espère bien I hope soGt J’étais I wasJe c Je sais I knowJé J’ai I haveJe le saV Je le savais I knew itJenémar J’en ai marre I’m sick of itJe t’M, JTM Je t’aime ILUVU, I love youJe vé, j’vé Je vais I’m goingJMS Jamais NVR, neverJSG Je suis genial I’m (doing) greatKDO Cadeau giftKan, Kand Quand WhenKe Que That, whatKé Qu’est What isKel Quel, quelle WhichKeske Qu’est-ce que WhatKi Qui WhoKoi29 Quoi de neuf What’s new?L’s tomB Laisse tomber Forget itLut, SLT Salut HiMDR Mort de rire ROFL, rolling on the floor laughingmr6, M Merci Thx, thanksMSG Message Msg, messageNow Maintenant ATM, at the momentNSP Ne sais pas dunnoO Au In the, at theOk1 Aucun None, not oneOQP Occupé BusyOué Ouais YeahP2k Pas de quoi URW, you’re welcomeParske, PK Parce que COZ, becausep-ê Peut-être maybePkoi Pourquoi Y, whyPo, pô Pas Notq-c q, queske Qu’est-ce que whatQDN Quio de neuf? What’s new?Qq Quelques someQqn Quelqu’un Someoneraf Rien à faire Nothing to doRdv Rendez-vous Meeting, date, appointmentRE (je suis de) retour, rebonjour I’m back, hi againri1 Rien 0, nothingSavapa Ça va pas Is something wrongSLT, lut Salut hiSNIF J’ai de la peine I’m sad

TEXT FRENCH ENGLISH

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ss (je) suis I amSTP, SVP S’il te/vous plait PLS, pleaseT T’es You areTabitou T’habites où Where do you live?tata KS T’as ta casse You have a car?Tds Tout de suite Right awayti2 T’es hideux You’re hideousTjs Toujours AlwaysTkc T’es cassé You’re tiredTLM Tout le monde EveryoneT nrv? T’es énervé? You irritated, annoyed?TOK T’es OK? RUOK?, are you okTOQP T’es occupé RUBZ?, are you busyTps Temps Time, weatherTt Tout All, everyV1 Viens ComeVazi Vas-y GoVrMan Vraiment ReallyX Crois, croit BelieveXLnt Excellent XLNTY a , ya Il y a There is, there are

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CEFR REFERENCE LEVELS OF BILINGUAL ABILITY

Prof

icie

nt U

ser

C2 Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.

C1 Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise impli-cit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-struc-tured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisa-tional patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.

Inde

pend

ent U

ser

B2 Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.

B1 Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics, which are familiar, or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.

Bas

ic U

ser

A2 Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.

A1 Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.

BASIC USER LEVELS A1 and A2

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ORAL COMMUNICATIONA1 A2

Fluency I can manage very short isolated, mainly pre-packaged phrases and words, with much pausing to search for expressions and articulate less familiar words and repair communication.

I can make myself understood in very short utterances, even though pauses, false starts and reformulation are very evident.

Interaction I can ask and answer questions about personal details. I can interact in a simple way but communication is totally dependent on repetition, rephrasing and repair.I can use the simplest everyday polite forms and greetings and farewells; introductions; saying please, thank you, sorry, etc…

I can answer questions and respond to simple statements. I can indicate when I am following the conversation, but am rarely able to understand enough to keep conversation going of my own accord.

Vocabulary Range and Control I have a basic vocabulary repertoire of isolated words and phrases related to particular concrete everyday situations (i.e. family and personal details)

I have a sufficient vocabulary for coping with simple survival needs; for the expression of basic communicative needs; to conduct routine, everyday transactions involving familiar situations and topics.

Grammatical Accuracy I show only a limited control of a few simple grammatical structures and sentence patterns in a learnt repertoire. I can communicate very basic information about myself and my family, my job in a simple and direct language, and I can join simple phrases with ‘and’, ‘then’, ‘but’, ‘because’.

I use some simple structures correctly, but still systematically make basic mistakes – for example tends to mix up tenses and forget to mark agreement; Nevertheless, it is usually clear what he/she is trying to say.

Phonological Control My pronunciation of a very limited repertoire of learnt words and phrases can be understood with some effort by native French speakers used to dealing with French Second Language speakers.

My pronunciation is generally clear enough to be understood despite a noticeable foreign accent, but conversational partners will need to ask for repetition from time to time.

READING COMPREHENSION

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A1 A2

Overall Comprehension I can understand very short, simple texts a single phrase at a time, picking up familiar names, words and basic phrases and rereading as required.

I can understand short, simple texts containing the highest frequency vocabulary, including a proportion of shared international vocabulary items.I can understand short, simple texts on familiar matters of concrete type, which consist of high frequency everyday language, or language related to my knowledge and experience.

Conditions and Limitations I read a single phrase at a time, re-reading part of text.

I am restricted mainly to common everyday language and language related to a field of my knowledge and experience

WRITING PRODUCTIONA1 A2

Overall Written production I can write simple isolated phrases and sentences. Can ask for or pass on personal details in written form.

I can write a series of simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors like “and”, “but”, and “because”. I can write short simple formulaic notes relating to matters in areas of immediate need.

Orthographic Control I can copy familiar words and short phrases (e.g. simple sings and instructions, names of everyday objects, names of shops and set phrases used regularly. I can spell my address, nationality and other personal details.

I can copy short sentences on everyday subjects (e.g. directions how to get somewhere. I can write with reasonable phonetic accuracy, short words that are in my oral vocabulary, but not necessarily full standard spelling

Conditions and Limitations Apart from the most common words an expressions, I need to consult a dictionary

I write only on familiar and routine matters. Writing continuous coherent text is difficult.

INDEPENDENT LEVELS B1 and B2

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ORAL COMMUNICATION B1 Threshold B2 Vantage

Fluency Can keep going comprehensibly, even though pausing for grammatical and lexical planning and repair is very evident, especially in longer stretches of free production.

Can produce stretches of language with a fairly even tempo: although he/she can be hesitant as he/she searches for patterns and expressions. There are few noticeably long pauses.

Interaction Can imitate, maintain and close simple face-to-face conversations on topics that are familiar or of personal interest. Can repeat back part of what someone has said to confirm mutual understanding.

Can initiate discourse, take his/her turn when appropriate and end conversation when he1/she needs to, though he/she may not always do this elegantly. Can help the discussion along on familiar ground confirming comprehension, inviting other in, etc.

Vocabulary Range and Control Has a sufficient vocabulary to express him/herself with some circumlocutions on most topics pertinent to his/her everyday life such as family, hobbies and interests, work, travel, and current events. Shows good control of elementary vocabulary but major errors still occur when expressing more complex thoughts or handling unfamiliar topics and situations.

Has a good range of vocabulary for matters connected to his/her field and most general topics. Can vary formulation to avoid frequent repetition, but lexical gaps can still cause hesitation and circumlocution. Lexical accuracy is generally high, though some confusion and incorrect choice does occur without hindering communication.

Grammatical Accuracy Uses reasonable accurate a repertoire of frequently used ‘routines’ and patterns associated with more predictable situations. Communicates with reasonable accuracy in familiar contexts; generally good control though with noticeable mother tongue influence. Errors occur, but it is clear what he/she is trying to express

Shows a relatively high degree of grammatical control. Does not make mistakes which lead to misunderstanding. Good grammatical control: occasional slips or non-systematic errors and minor flaws in sentence structure may still occur; but they are rare and can often be corrected in retrospect.

Phonological Control Pronunciation is clearly intelligible eve if a foreign accent is sometime evident and occasional mispronunciations occur.

Has acquired a clear, natural, pronunciation and intonation.

READING COMPREHENSION B1 Threshold B2 Vantage

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Overall Comprehension I can read straightforward factual texts on subject related to my field and interest with a satisfactory level of comprehension

I can read with a large degree of independence, adapting style and speed of reading to different tests and purposes, and using appropriate reference sources selectively. I have a broad active reading vocabulary, but may experience some difficulty with low frequency idioms.

Conditions and Limitations I have an ability to identify main conclusions and follow arguments restricted to straightforward texts.

There is only a minor limitation in my access to a range of different types of texts. I can read different types of text at different speeds and in different ways according to the purpose and type of text. I require a dictionary for more specialized or unfamiliar texts.

WRITING PRODUCTION B1 and B2B1 Threshold B2 Vantage

Overall Written production I can write straightforward connected texts on a range of familiar subjects within my field of interest, by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence. I can convey information and ideas on abstract as well as concrete topics, chick information and ask about or explain problems with reasonable precision. I can write personal letters and notes asking for, or conveying, simple information of immediate relevance, and get across the point I feel to be important.

I can write clear, detailed =texts on a variety of subjects related to my field of interest, synthesizing and evaluating information and argument from a number of sources. I can express news and views effectively in writing, and relate to those of others.

Orthographic Control I can produce continuous writing which is generally intelligible throughout. My spelling, punctuation and layout are accurate enough to be followed most of the time.

I can produce clearly intelligible continuous writing, which follows standard layout and paragraphing conventions. My spelling and punctuation are reasonably accurate but my show signs of English influence.

Conditions and Limitations The range of texts can be limited to more familiar and common ones, such as describing things and writing about sequences of actions. Writing for argumentation and contrasting issues are difficult for me.

Expressing subtle nuances in taking a stance or in telling about feeling and experiences is usually difficult for me.

I CAN DO LISTSDescriptor… 1

not ready 2Somewhat

3Partially

4Fully

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yet mastered

A1 Listening Comprehension:1. I can understand basic vocabulary about myself and my family

2. I can understand basic vocabulary related to my surrounding (e.g., school, classroom, or workplace

3. I can understand numbers, prices, and times

4. I can understand questions and follow short simple instructions in class, to find objects in class, house, mall, city map, etc…

5. I can understand simples directions, to get from A to B, by foot or public transport

6. I can understand some simple messages and stories by identifying some words and expressions

A1 Spoken production:7. I can briefly describe my family and where I live

8. I can express my basic needs (washroom, food, drink, etc…)

9. I can state a list of items (e.g. hobbies, animals, food, classroom objects…)

10. I can state my likes and dislikes about food, clothing, animals, sports, etc…

11. I can give my name, age, address, and telephone number

12. I can say when I don’t understand

13. I can very simply ask somebody to repeat what they said

14. I can ask somebody to speak more slowly

15. I can describe objects’ size, shape, colours, (suit, animal, face)

16. I can describe what I, or others, can or cannot do

17. I can simply describe my family members (who they are, how old they are, and what they do)

A1 Spoken interaction:18. I can introduce somebody and use basic greetings such as

‘hello’ and ‘good bye’19. I can ask and answer simple questions and make simple

statements about basic needs or very familiar topics20. I can ask people for things and give people things

21. I can ask people questions about where they live, people they know, things they have and answer similar questions addressed to me provided they are spoken slowly and clearly

22. I can make simple purchases by pointing or using other gestures to support what I say

23. I can make statements involving numbers, quantities, and cost

24. I can ask and give the time and can use such phrases as ‘next week’, ‘last Friday, ‘in November, 3 o’clock’

25. I can provide the date including the day of the week, month and year, as well as my birthdate

26. I can make myself understood in a simple way with the other speaker being prepared to repeat more slowly and rephrase what I say and to help me to say what I want

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27. I can buy things in shopw ehre pointing or other gestures can support what I say

28. I can use and understand simple numbers in everyday conversations (e.g. prices , telepohone numbers>

29. I can answer the phone, give my name, and answer basic questions

30. I can use basic greattging and leave-takeing expressions

31. I can ask how people are

A1 Reading32. I can understand basic questions of standardized forms to give

the most important information about myself33. I can understand information about people (place of residence,

age)34. In everyday situations, I can read short, simple message and

notes35. I can decipher posters, signs and labels everyday life to

determine times, dates, costs and locations36. I can understand some newspaper headlines with familiar

words37. I can read short text with familiar words and very simple

sentence s and grasp the overall meaning of the text (comptines, rhymes, greeting cards)

38. I can understand import words relating to computer programs such as save, copy and print

39. I can follow simple written directions

A1 Writing40. I can write a postcard or greeting card describing how I am

feeling and what I am doing using short simple phrases41. I can fill in a form or questionnaire giving basic personal

information (e.g. job application, hotel registration, etc…)42. I can write short simple sentences about myself and what I do

Descriptor… 1not ready yet

2Somewhat

3Partially

4Fully mastered

A2 Listening Comprehension:1. I can understand simple information and questions about

family, people, homes, work, and hobbies2. I can understand what people way to me in simple, everyday

conversation, if they speak clearly and slowly and give me help

3. I can understand short conversations about family, hobbies and daily life, provided that people speak slowly and clearly

4. I can follow changes of topic in TV news reports and understand the main ideas

5. I can understand short, clear, and simple messages at the school, bus depot, airport, train station if spoken very clearly

6. I can understand enough of what people say to be able to meet immediate needs, provided people speak slowly and clearly as long as I can ask for help

7. I can generally identify change in the topic of discussion around me which is conducted slowly and clearly

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8. I can understand short, simple stories when told clearly and slowly

9. I can follow the main points of TV news, if people talk slowly and clearly, if I can familiar with the subject and if the images help me to understand the story

10. I can understand the main point in short, clear, simple messages, announcements and instructions (e.g. public transit, airport…)

A2 Spoken production:11. I can describe myself, family and other people

12. I can describe my education, present or last job

13. I can describe my hobbies and interests

14. I can describe my home and where I live

15. I can describe what I did ant the weekend or on my last holiday

16. I can talk about my plans for the weekend or on my next holiday

17. I can explain why I like or dislike something

18. With time to prepare, I can give basic information about something I know well (i.e. country, sports team, musician, etc…)

19. I can describe place I line (i.e. town, resorts, stores, etc)

20. I can say what I do in my free time

21. I can describe plans, arrangements and alternatives

22. I can describe past activities, events, and personal experiences

23. I can describe a job or study experience, daily chores

24. With time to prepare, I can briefly explain and give reasons for my actions

25. I can briefly present a country, sports team, musician, etc…

26. I can summaries simple stories I have read, relying on the language used in the story

A2 Spoken interaction:27. I can ask people how they feel in different situations (e.g. are

you hungry, OK, )28. I can say how I feel (e.g. various adjectives of mood, etc…)

29. I can ask and answer simple questions about home and country, work and free time, likes and dislikes

30. I can ask and answer simple questions about the past event, (e.g. time and place of party, who was there, what happened…)

31. I can make and accept invitations, or refuse invitations politely

32. I can make and accept apologies

33. I can discuss plans with other people (e.g. what to do, where to go, when to meet…)

34. I can ask for and give directions using a map or plan

35. I can communicate in everyday situations, (e.g. order food and

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rink, shopping, using post offices, banks, etc…)36. I can use the bus, train, taxi, …ask for basic information about

travel and buy tickets37. I can use standard phrases to answer the phone, exchange

simple information, have a short telephone conversations with someone I know (e.g. arrange a meeting, etc…)

38. I can have short conversation with friends and ask and answer simple questions about familiar topics (e.g. weather, hobbies, pets, music, sport, etc…)

39. I can ask and answer simple questions about things in the past (e.g. yesterday, last week, last year, last summer, etc…)

40. I can ask for and give opinions, agree, and disagree, in a simple way. I can discuss different things to do, place to go, etc…

41. I can give and follow simple directions and instructions (e.g. explain how to get somewhere…)

42. I can handle most everyday situation (e.g. shopping, eating out and checking travel times)

43. I can get simple information about travel, buying tickets and finding out and passing on information on places, times, costs, etc…)

44. I can phone friends to exchange news, discuss plans and arrange to meet.

A2 Reading45. I can understand short simple texts containing familiar

vocabulary including international words46. I can find the most important information in advertisements,

brochures, Web pages, catalogues, timetables, etc47. I can understand the main points in short, simple news items

and descriptions if I already know something about the subject (i.e. sports, pop culture, school, etc.)

48. I can understand clear instructions (how to use a telephone, cash machine, vending machine, etc…)

49. I can understand the main points of short, simple, everyday stories, especially with visual support

50. I can understand short simple messages from friends (i.e. emails, IM, postcards, short letters…)

51. I can understand short, simple texts on familiar subjects, which consist of high-frequency, everyday or job-related language

52. I can use the phone book, other reference books to find what I want and understand the most important pieces of information (e.g. price and size of apartment, cars, computers, etc…)

53. I can understand main points in short newspaper/magazine stories, especially when illustrated

54. I can understand instructions expressed in simple language (public telephones, public transport ticket machines, safety information, directions,.)

55. I can understand short everyday stories about familiar subject if the text is written in simple language

56. I can understand simple texts, emails and letters from friends or colleagues, for example saying when we should meet for lunch/dinner or asking me to be a t work early…)

A2 Writing57. I can write about myself using simple language, (e.g. my

family, at school, job, hobbies, )58. I can write about my everyday life in simple sentences (e.g.

people, places, job, school, family, hobbies…)

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59. I can write very short, basic descriptions of past activities, and personal experiences, (e.g. recent holiday, etc)

60. I can write about things and people I know well in simple language, (e.g. descriptions of friends, events of the day, etc)

61. I can complete a questionnaire with information about my education background, job, interests, skills

62. I can complete a simple questionnaire or standardized report form using short sentences

63. I can write a simple message (e.g. make or change invitation or appointments)

64. I can write a short message to friends to give them persona news, ask a questions (e.g. text message, postcard)

65. I can write messages, short letters, emails, making arrangements or giving reasons for changing them

66. I can write short letters or e-mails, telling about everyday things to people I know well

CORE 4-8 FRENCH CURRICULUM VOCAB AND GRAMMARDescriptor… 1

not ready yet

2Somewhat

3Partially

4Fully mastered

Survival Vocabulary 4-81. I can recite all letters randomly, including accented vowels

2. pronounce cognates properly

3. colours

4. Question words

5. numbers zero to 10

6. numbers 11 to 20

7. numbers 30 to 99

8. large numbers over 100

9. common shapes

10. tell time 12 hour clock to the hour

11. tell time 24 hour clock to the hour

12. tell time to half hour and quarter to, quarter past the hour

13. times of the day and night

14. days, months, seasons, calendar terms (yesterday, today, etc…)

15. transportation vehicles

16. clothing

17. body parts

18. animals

19. food, meals

20. menu items

21. dollar amounts and shopping

91

22. household items and rooms

23. classroom objects

24. weather and climate

25. school courses, subjects,

26. family members

27. daily chores

28. shopping

29. common greetings, phrases,

30. sports and leisure activities

31. physical geography, city, provinces, countries

32. jobs and careers

33. technology and communication

34. common expressions

Grammar Grade 435. definite and indefinite articles

36. common regular adjectives of mood

37. être present tense, common expressions with être

38. avoir present tense, common expressions with avoir

39. faire present tense, common expressions with faire (sports, music, weather…)

40. aller, common expressions with aller

41. subject pronouns

42. regular ER verbs

43. common prepositions

Grammar Grade 544. using aimer and infinitive (double verb introduction)

45. adverbs of quantity

46. more common expressions with être

47. more common expressions with avoir

48. more common ER verbs in present

49. common RE verbs in present

Grammar Grade 650. partitive article

51. expressions with faire

52. IR verbs in present

53. Imperative / giving commands

54. possessive adjectives mon, ma, mes…..

92

55. adverbs and expressions of quantity

Grammar Grade 756. future tense with aller and infinitive

57. adjectives preceding nouns

58. regular adjective spelling patterns

59. using ne…pas with partitive article

60. demonstrative adjectives

61. irregular adjectives

62. conjunctions and compound sentences

63. inversion questions

64. possessive adjectives continued

65. irregular verbs vouloir, devoir,….

66. double verbs with vouloir, devoir,

67. contractions of à + le, de + le, ….

Grammar Grade 868. pronouns y and en

69. past tense regular ER with avoir

70. past tense regular RE with avoir

71. past tense regular IR with avoir

72. past tense irregular with avoir

73. comparative adjectives

74. superlative adjectives

75. making adverbs with adjectives using ‘ment’

76. past tense with être