Advocacy Guide Book-SMEcdn1.practicalaction.org/5/0/50d6b1c6-a11c-4ea9-ae6c-39900ae4f5bb.pdf · 5...
50
¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡`©wkKv bxwZ M‡elYv †K›`ª I cÖvKwUK¨vj A¨vKkb
Transcript of Advocacy Guide Book-SMEcdn1.practicalaction.org/5/0/50d6b1c6-a11c-4ea9-ae6c-39900ae4f5bb.pdf · 5...
¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡`©wkKv
bxwZ M‡elYv †K› ª
I
cÖvKwUK¨vj A¨vKkb
1
¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡`©wkKv
welqm~wP
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : mvaviY Av‡jvPbv
1.0 f~wgKv 1.1 ¶z ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK cÖv_wgK aviYv 1.2 `vwi ª we‡gvPb †KŠkjc‡Î ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí wel‡q Kx ejv n‡q‡Q? 1.3 ‡K›`ªxq I ’vbxq miKv‡ii f~wgKv ‡Kgb nIqv DwPZ? 1.4 ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí Dbœqb j‡¶¨i m‡½ mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK
Ges mvgvwRK D‡Ïk¨‡K †gjv‡bv 1.5 A¨vW‡fv‡KwmwelqK cÖv_wgK aviYv
wØZxq Aa¨vq : ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí Ges A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm 2.0 f~wgKv
2.1 ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2.2 ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi mydj
2.3 gwnjv D‡`¨v³v m¤ú‡K© wkí bxwZ 2005-G Kx ejv n‡q‡Q?
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi avc 3.0 f~wgKv
3.1 Bmy¨ wbe©vPb Kiv 3.2 Bmy¨ we‡k�lY Kiv 3.3 AwW‡qÝ wPwýZ Kiv
3.4 ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi ev¯’e Ae ’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv 3.5 miKvwi AvB‡bi cÖfve ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
3.6 wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv mnvqZv Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Kiv 3.7 mgm¨v wb‡ ©k Kiv
PZz_© Aa¨vq : ev¯—e cÖ‡qvM c×wZ 4.0 f~wgKv
4.1 †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv 4.2 Uzjm wbe©vPb Kiv 4.3 ev‡RU ‰Zwi Kiv 4.4 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K¨v‡¤úB‡bi cwiKíbv ‰Zwi Kiv 4.5 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb cÂg Aa¨vq : wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm 5.0 f~wgKv
5.1 c×wZ wba©viY Kiv 5.2 cwiKíbv ‰Zwi Kiv 5.3 †KŠkj P~ovš— Kiv 5.4 Uzjm wbe©vPb Kiv lô Aa¨vq : †Kvqvwjkb, †bUIqvK© I †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi 6.0 f~wgKv 6.1 †Kvqvwjkb
6.2 †bUIqvK© 6.3 †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi
2
¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡ ©wkKv m¤úv`bvq:
‡kL †ZŠwdK Gg. nK
†gvnv¤§` ‡ki gvngy`
‡gvnv¤§` Avjx Avnmvb
mvLvIqvr Avbmvix
‡gvn¤§` Ave`ym mvjvg
cÖKvkK: bxwZ M‡elYv †K› ª I cÖvKwUK¨vj A¨vKkb evsjv‡`k cÖKvkKvj: ‡hvMv‡hvM:
3
gyLeÜ
evsjv‡`‡k ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi m~Pbv I weKvk g~jZ Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RxweKv AR©‡bi Pvwn`v †_‡KB|
G‡`‡ki wkw¶Z Ges ¯^íwkw¶Z Rb‡Mvôxi GKwU e„nr Ask Avq †ivRMv‡ii cÖPwjZ c_¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv †c‡i
wbZvš—B cÖ‡qvR‡bi ZvwM‡` Gme wkí M‡o †Zv‡j| GB wkí¸‡jvi Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v evov Ges ‡mB m‡½
D‡`¨v³v‡`i Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqv⎯ GB yB Kvi‡Y ax‡i ax‡i GB †¶ÎwU evo‡Z _v‡K| wewfbœ ¯—‡ii Ges wfbœ
wfbœ wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ bvix I cyi“l Gme Kv‡R AvMÖnx n‡q D‡V|
Gme wkí ’vc‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y Ges Avw_©K mnvqZvi welqwU ax‡i ax‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V| miKvwi Ges
†emiKvwi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb Gme e¨vcv‡i hy³ nq| ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí ax‡i ax‡i evo‡Z _vKvq Ges Gi m‡½ wewfbœ
cÖwZôvb hy³ nIqvi d‡j GB wk‡íi myôz cwiPvjbv Ges weKv‡ki †¶ÎwU †hgb ‰Zwi nq, †ZgbB wewfbœ ch©v‡q bvbv
mgm¨viI m„wó nq| GB wkí wel‡q miKv‡ii bxwZgvjv GKw`‡K †hgb AcÖZzj, Ab¨w`‡K we`¨gvb bxwZ¸‡jvi mwVK
ev¯—evqbI n‡”Q bv| GmKj welq we‡ePbvq †i‡L GB wkí welqK miKvwi bxwZi ev¯—evqb, ms¯‹vi I bZzb bxwZ
‰Zwi‡Z miKvwi cÖwZôvb Ges h_vh_ KZ©„c‡¶i „wó AvKl©Y Ges Zv‡`i cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb bvMwiK mgv‡Ri
AskMÖn‡Y GKwU HK¨e× Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv| GB Av‡›`vj‡b Ggbme e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e hviv
bxwZwba©viK Ges cÖkvmK ch©vq‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e DØy× Ges cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z m¶g|
GB cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v gv_vq †i‡LB bxwZ M‡elYv †K› ª Ges cÖvKwUK¨vj A¨vKkb-Gi †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq cÖKvwkZ n‡jv⎯ ¶z`ª
I gvSvwi wkíwelqK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡ ©wkKv| dwi`cyi I w`bvRcyi A‡ji ¶z`ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v³v, GbwRI Kg©x,
Dbœqb Kg©x Ges m¤úwK©Z miKvwi I Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ wZb `dv Av‡jvPbv I IqvK©k‡ci gva¨‡g GB
wb‡`©wkKv ‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Ges ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK wewfbœ aviYv, we‡kl K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki
†cª¶vc‡U Gi cÖ‡qvRb Ges KiYxq m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©‡bi Rb¨ m¤úwK©Z e¨w³, cÖwZôvb Ges we`¨gvb eB-cy¯—‡Ki
mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
GB A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡`©wkKv ‰Zwi‡Z huviv wewfbœ ch©v‡q Avš—wiKfv‡e mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zuviv n‡”Qb⎯ Rbve
Avãyi ie, Rbve †kv‡qe mv¾v` Lvb Ges Rbve mvLvIqvr Avbmvix|
me‡k‡l Avkv KiwQ †h, GB A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡`©wkKvi mwVK e¨env‡i G‡`‡ki ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíLv‡Zi we`¨gvb
mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvav‡b wKQzUv n‡jI AMÖMwZ n‡e| GwU m¤¢e n‡j Avgv‡`i GB kªgI n‡e mv_©K|
gvneyeyj nK exYv Lv‡jK cwiPvjK Kvw›Uª wW‡i±i bxwZ M‡elYv †K› ª cÖvKwUK¨vj A¨vKkb evsjv‡`k
4
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
mvaviY Av‡jvPbv
1.0 f~wgKv
GB we‡k¦ kZ kZ †KvwU gvbyl me© v cwikªg Ki‡Q, KvR Ki‡Q | GB KvR cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q cÖ_gZ Rxeb avi‡bi hv bv
n‡jB bq †mB DcKiY ¸‡jv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges wØZxqZ Rxebhvc‡bi cªwµqv‡K AviI DbœZ Ges mg„× Kivi
Rb¨| GKwU Ask †Póv Ki‡Q Zv‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e Av`vq Ki‡Z| Avevi wØZxq GKwU Ask, hv‡`i
†gŠwjK AwaKvi¸‡jvi wbðqZv i‡q‡Q, †Póv K‡i hv‡”Q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ab¨vb¨ welq ‡hgb⎯ mykvmb, gvbevwaKvi,
cwi‡ek i¶v cÖf„wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z|
GB ch©v‡q Avgv‡`i mvg‡b cÖkœ G‡m hvq⎯ GB welqMy‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶cy‡jv Kx n‡e, G¸‡jv wbwðZ
nevi ci Zv ’vwqZ¡ cv‡e wK bv, wKsev GB Kvh©µ‡gi e¨vwß KZUzKz n‡e ?
cÖÖ_g cÖkœwU mivmwi cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv c~iY Kivi cÖwµqvi m‡½ hy³| wØZxq cÖkœwU G‡m‡Q AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges eûj e¨eüZ
Ô†UKmBÕ aviYv †_‡K| AvRKvj cÖwZwU †¶‡Î AwR©Z mvdj¨ ev fwel¨r mvd‡j¨i ’vqx‡Z¡i welqwU †ek ¸i“Z¡ cv‡”Q|
Z…Zxq cÖkœwUi DËi yÕfv‡e †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i cÖ_gZ GKwU ivóª wKsev GKwU mgv‡Ri we‡ePbvq GB Kvh©µg †Kvb ch©vq
†_‡K Ges †Kvb ch©vq ch©š— e¨vß n‡e Ges wØZxqZ cy‡iv c„w_ex‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡j Gi †fŠ‡MvwjK e¨vwß KZUzKz n‡e⎯
Zv wba©vib Kiv|
Gme cÖkœ Ges cÖvmw½K Av‡iv wKQz welq‡K we‡ePbv K‡i eZ©gv‡b †h c×wZ ev c_wU ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡”Q
Zv n‡jv ÔA¨vW‡fv‡KwmÕ|
ewÂZ gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôv ev `vwe Av`v‡qi Rb¨ hv hv `iKvi Zvi K‡qKwU n‡”Q⎯ ewÂZ gvbyl‡`i `je× nIqv,
hviv bxwZ ˆZwi Ki‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †evSvcov evov‡bv, mdjZv‡K Av‡iv †ewk msL¨K gvby‡li g‡a¨ Qwo‡q †`Iqv| Gme
wKQz Kivi Rb¨ †h cÖwµqvwU mviv c„w_ex Ry‡o ¯xK…Z Zv-B ÔA¨vW‡fv‡KwmÕ|
GB Aa¨v‡q hv Av‡Q
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm m¤ú‡K© mvaviY Av‡jvvPbvq A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi msÁv, j¶¨, †¶Î, aib, ˆewkó¨ Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv QvovI ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK †`wk-we‡`wk aviYv Ges Gi e¨vwß Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5
1.1 ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK cÖv_wgK aviYv
¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi †gvUvgywU aviYv cvIqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii wkí bxwZ 2005- Gi w`‡K ZvKv‡Z
nq| GB cÖm‡½ wZbwU aviv D‡j�‡Li `vwe iv‡L:
aviv 4.4⎯ g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis Lv‡Z wk‡íi msÁv :
L. ÒgvSvwi wkíÓ ej‡Z †mme wkí cÖwZôvb‡K eySv‡e †hme cÖwZôv‡b Rwg KviLvbv feb e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨vb¨ ’vqx
m¤ú‡`i g~j¨/cÖwZ¯’vcb e¨q 1.50 †KvwU UvKv †_‡K 10 †KvwU UvKv|
M. Ò¶z ª wkíÓ ej‡Z †mme wkí cÖwZôvb‡K eySv‡e †hme cÖwZôv‡b Rwg Ges KviLvbv feb e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨vb¨ ’vqx
m¤ú‡`i g~j¨/cÖwZ¯’vcb e¨q AbwaK 1.50 †KvwU UvKv|
N. ÒKzwUi wkíÓ ej‡Z Giƒc wkí cÖwZôvb‡K eySv†e hv cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Øviv c~Y© A_ev LÛKvjxb mg‡q Drcv`b
A_ev †mevg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û wb‡qvwRZ|
aviv 4.5⎯ bb-g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis (†UªwWs †mev Ges Ab¨vb¨ †mev ) Lv‡Z wk‡íi msÁv :
L. ÒgvSvwi wkíÓ ej‡Z †mme cÖwZôvb‡K eySv‡e †hme cÖwZôv†b 25 n‡Z 100 Rb kªwgK KvR K‡i |
M. Ò¶z`ª wkíÓ ej‡Z eySv‡e †mme wkí cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b 25 R‡biI Kg kªwgK KvR K‡I (KzwUi wkíi gZ cwiev‡ii
†jvKRb bq)|
aviv 8 ⎯ ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi aviYv:
aviv 8.1⎯ DbœZ I Dbœqb we‡k¦ my&ôy wkívqb Ges A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡b GmGgBÔi weKvk I m¤cÖmviY eZ©gv‡b
AZxe ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Dcvq wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z n‡”Q| wk‡ívbœZ †`‡ki wkí wec�‡ei †¶‡Î GmGgBÔi f~wgKv wQj AMÖMY¨
Ges G avivI eZ©gv‡b Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| wewb‡qvM, mÂq, gybvdv, Kg©ms ’v‡bi my‡hvM, ißvwb, AvÂwjK wkívqb Ges
RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqbmn RvZxq A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b GmGgBÔi f~wgKv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| G j‡¶¨
g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis †m±‡ii AvIZvq GmGgBÔi cÖwZôv I weKvk‡K AMÖeZ©x ms‡hvM (diIqvW© wjs‡KR), cðvrgyLx ms‡hvM
(e¨vKIqvW© wjs‡KR), g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Kg©KvÛ Ges Drcv`bkxjZvi MwZ Z¡ivwšZ Kiv GKvš—fv‡e Acwinvh© | G j‡¶¨
wkíbxwZ 2005-G GmGgB †m±i‡K AMÖvwaKvi LvZ wn‡m‡e cvªvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
aviv 8.2⎯ evsjv‡`‡ki wk‡íi KvVv‡gvMZ web¨v‡m ‡`Lv hvq †h, cvU, e ¿, KvMR, B¯úvZ I cÖ‡KŠkj, wm‡g›U,
K¨vwgK¨vjm, mvi I Jla KviLvbvmg~n e„nr I gvSvwi wk‡íi AvIZvfy³| Avevi we‡klvwqZ e¯¿ wkí (Mv‡g©›Ummn),
Mv‡g©›Um wk‡íi cð`ms‡hvM wkí, n¯—PvwjZ I‡qwìs, Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY I Lv`¨ ms‡hvM wkí, Pvgov, wmivwgK,
A‡Uv‡gvevBjmn nvjKv BwÄwbqvwis, †gŠwjK †gUvj BwÄwbqvwis, ¶z ªvqZb †KwgK¨vj BÛvw÷ªR, ivevi wkí, †ccvi
wcÖw›Us I cvewjwks wkí, ¯§j †dweª‡Kkb wkí, bb †gUvj wgbv‡ij cÖWv±m, e¨vUvix, B‡jKwUªK¨vj, B‡j±wbKm, n¯—wkí,
K…wlwfwËK wkí, eûg~Lx cvUwkíRvZ cY¨, wmé wkí, d«zU cÖ‡mwms, †cvwëª dvwg©s, wdmvwiR, wU- Mv‡W©wbs Ges cÖ‡mwms,
†fwR‡Uej wmW dvwg©s, †d¬vwiKvjPvi, G‡MÖvd‡iw÷ª Ges mvwf©m BÛvw÷ªR Gi AvIZvfy³ wkímg~n †hgb⎯ gy`ªYwkí,
wMwbs GÛ †ewjs, wbg©vY wkí, Uªv݇cv‡U©kb (A‡Uv‡gvevBjmn), Pjw”PÎ I d‡UvMÖvwd, c¨v_jwRK¨vj j¨ve‡iUix, ‡Kvì
†÷v‡iR, Kw¤úDUvi wkí, dv÷ dzW I †d«v‡Rb dzW BZ¨vw` Ges AviI eû‡¶ÎB GmGgBÕi AvIZvfy³|
6
aviv 8.3⎯ ‡`‡k `vwi`ª we‡gvPb, †eKviZ¡ n«vm Ges AwaK Kg©ms ’vb m„wói gva¨‡g RvZxh A_©‰bwZK cÖeyw× AR©‡bi
j‡¶¨ †`ke¨vcx AwaKnv‡i GmGgB cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e| G j‡¶¨ miKvi †`ke¨vcx GmGgB cÖwZôvi wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq
w`Kwb‡ ©kbv I †KŠkjMZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU c„_K GmGgB bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡bi D‡`¨M MÖnb K‡i‡Q| †`ke¨vcx
wewfbœ ai‡Yi GmGgB wkí cÖwZôv I weKv‡ki †¶‡Î GmGgB msµvš— bxwZgvjvq mwbœ‡ewkZ hveZxq w`Kwb‡`©kbv I
†KŠkj GmGgB cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î AbymiY Kiv n‡e|
BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi g‡Z:
Kg©Pvix 0 (k~b¨) n‡j †mUv AvZ¥Kg©ms ’vb, 2 †_‡K 9 Rb n‡j, Zv AwZ¶z`ª e¨emv, 10 ‡_‡K 49 Rb n‡j Zv ¶z`ª
e¨emv Ges 50 †_‡K 249 Rb n‡j Zv gvSvwi e¨emv|
1.2 `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjc‡Î ¶z ª I KzwUi wkí wel‡q Kx ejv n‡q‡Q?
1.2.0 FYmnvqK bxwZ
evsjv‡`‡k wewb‡qvMKvix‡K FY †c‡Z A‡bK evav †c‡iv‡Z Ges D”P nv‡i m~` w`‡Z nq| GB cwiw ’wZ‡Z miKvi
mvgwMÖKfv‡e A_©LvZ‡K DbœZ Kivi j‡¶¨ bvbv c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Q| FY Lv‡Z me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb
†m±‡ii ch©vß FY ‡`Iqv I Zv †diZ ‡bIqv wbwðZ Kiv| ZvQvov F‡Yi eûj e¨envi i‡q‡Q ¶z ª KzwUi wkí Ges gwnjv
D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi bvbv RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y Ri“wi wfwˇZ FY cvIqvi my‡hvM _v‡K Kg| G‡¶‡Î
miKv‡ii c„ô‡cvlKZvq Ges †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M wewb‡qvM cÖwZôvb ‰Zwi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| GB cÖwZôv‡bi `vwqZ¡ eo
AvKv‡i ’vbxq Ges ˆe‡`wkK gva¨g †_‡K A_© msMÖn K‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ FY ‡`Iqvi cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv| miKvi‡K
GB cÖwZôv‡bi c~Y© ¯^vqZ¡kvmb Ges c~Y© †ckv`vwi‡Z¡i wbðqZv w`‡Z n‡e| GB bZzb cÖwZôvb‡K FY ‡`Iqvi Ges FY
‡kv‡ai LiP Kgv‡bv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î bZzb DÏxcbv Ges we‡kl we‡ePbv wb‡q GB cÖwZôvb‡K uvo Kiv‡Z
n‡e|
1.2.1 ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi D‡`¨v‡M mnvqZv †`Iqv
¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí wewfbœ †`‡ki wkí weKv‡k eo ai‡bi f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| `w¶Y Ges `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi Pvi fv‡Mi wZb
fvM kªwg‡Ki KvR †Rv‡U ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡í| evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡ÎI GB GKB cwiw ’wZ, †ewkifvM D‡`¨v³vB ¶z`ª I
KzwUi wkí †_‡K Avmv| wKš‘ G¸‡jv‡Z kªwgK †ewk, A_P cuywR Kg| evsjv‡`‡k m¯—v kª‡gi myweav Ges cuywRi Afv‡ei
wecixZgyLxZv we`¨gvb | ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi cÖvavb¨ Ges GB wk‡íi mdjZv wbwðZ K‡i †h, cÖwµqvRvZKiY †m±‡ii
e¨_©Zv ev Amn‡hvwMZv Gi ms‡hvM NUvq ¶z ª I KywUi wk‡íi ¯^v_©KZvq|
¶z ª I KzwUi wkí cªe„wׇZ h‡_ó f~wgKv ivL‡Q| GB wk‡íi weKvk wecyj cwigv‡Y Kv‡Ri my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Q,
†`kRy‡o hv `vwi ª we‡gvP‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Q| ZvQvov Gi gva¨‡g bvix kªwgK‡`iI e¨vcK Kv‡Ri my‡hvM ˆZix n‡”Q|
7
†hfv‡eB †nvK Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ‡QvU AvKv‡ii ¶z`ª I KzwUiwkí¸‡jv cÖvqB wec‡`i g‡a¨ c‡o hvq| Zv‡`i c‡¶ †Zgb
†Kv‡bv bxwZ †bB hv Zviv Pvq †hgbwU Av‡Q eo wk‡íi c‡¶| G‡`i GB wec`vcbœ Ae ’v cÖvqB „wói evB‡i †_‡K hvq|
hviv GwelqK bxwZ ˆZwi K‡ib Zviv cÖvqB Zuv‡`i‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| RvZxq Dbœq‡b Ges `vwi ª we‡gvP‡b ¶z`ª
I KzwUi wk‡í ¸i“Z¡ ‡`Iqv AZ¨š— Ri“wi Ges GKB m‡½ GB wk‡íi c‡¶ mnvqK cwi‡ek ˆZwi KivI DwPZ hv GB
wkí‡K mg„× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
1.2.2 ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi mvaviY mgm¨v
K. bxwZ wba©viYwelqK
L. AeKvVv‡gvwelqK
M. ¯^”Q Revew`wnZvi AfvewelqK
wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôv‡bi bvbv c`‡¶c hv e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb wewb‡qv‡M bvbv mgm¨v ˆZwi K‡i Zv ~i Ki‡Z bxwZ ‰Zwi Kiv
`iKvi| GB me mgm¨v eo cÖwZôv‡bi †P‡q ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡í †ewk nq Ges Zv‡`i‡K GKUv A_© GB Lv‡Zi Rb¨
Avjv`v K‡i ivL‡Z nq| AeKvVv‡gvMZ evavi cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q bvbv ai‡bi evav hv ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi weKvk‡K
i“× K‡i †`q| †hgb⎯ Z_¨ Rvbvi Afve, Avw_©K mxgve×Zv, A`¶Zv, cÖhyw³ Ges evRv‡ii mgm¨v, GQvovI Av‡iv
`yÕai‡bi mgm¨v i‡q‡Q hv n‡jv miKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Kg©x‡`i Amn‡hvwMZv Ges Revew`wnZvi Afve| GB RvZxq
cwiw ’wZ e¨emvi cÖPzi ¶wZ K‡i|
G Ae¯’vq cÖ‡qvRb ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi ¯v_© we‡ivax bxwZ¸‡jv Zz‡j †`qv Ges Kvh©Ki bxwZ ˆZwi Kiv | evsjv‡`‡k
we‡klvwqZ cÖwZôvb ˆZwi Ges bvbv D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb⎯ ¶z ª FY, cÖwk¶Y, †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gv myweav|
¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Dbœq‡b AvaywbKvqb cÖ‡qvRb| ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi weKv‡k D”PZi cÖhyw³ †hgb `iKvi †ZgbB
`iKvi HwZn¨‡K i¶v Kiv| GB wk‡íi Dbœq‡b Ggb me bxwZgvjv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e hv `¶Zv evov‡bvi cvkvcvwk bZzb
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z bZzb cÖhyw³i e¨envi wbwðZ K‡i| GKB m‡½ GB gva¨g‡K eo wk‡íi av°v †_‡KI i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Dbœq‡b evsj‡`‡k wbgœwjwLZ e¨e¯’v MªnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i⎯
• ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡íi cwi®‹vi msÁv wba©viY Kiv • wewmK‡K AviI kw³kvjx Kiv • D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ wbqgbxwZ mnR Kiv • eÜK QvovB F‡Yi e¨e ’v Kiv • wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi mvnvh¨- mn‡hvwMZv hv‡Z Av‡iv ZvovZvwo nq Zv
wbwðZ Kiv • wewm‡Ki wkí AÂj evov‡bv
8
• iv¯—vNvU wbg©vY Ges M¨vm I we` yr mieiv‡ni †bUIqvK© Av‡iv
evov‡bv • wewb‡qvM †ev‡W©i GKwUgvÎ †K› ª †_‡KB †hb ¶z ª I gvSvwi wkí
Dbœq‡bi mKj KvR Kiv m¤¢e nq Zv wbwðZ Kiv • miKvi Ges e¨w³gvwjKvbvh ¶z ª I KzwUi wkí evov‡Z Kvh©Ki
e¨emvwqK D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv • ¶z ª I KzwUi wkí‡K Ab¨vb¨ wkí †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i c‡iv¶ K‡ii
nvZ †_‡K gy³ Kiv • ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evwYR¨ bxwZi ms‡kvab Kiv
‡KŠkjMZ j¶¨ g~j j¶¨ wcAviGmwc G‡RÛv (2005-2007 A_©eQi)
fwel¨‡Z hv me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡ cv‡e
`vwqZ¡
¶z ª I KzwUi wkí Ges bvix D‡`¨v³v‡`i Dbœqb
eo gv‡c ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Dbœqb
• GB wk‡í †h mKj kªwgK KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mKj miKvwi cÖwZôvb‡K Ggb GKwU msÁv ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e hv mevB gvb‡e
• ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡íi h_vmva¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ c`‡¶c †bIqv
• FY`vbKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e
• ¶z ª I KywUi wk‡íi D”P cÖe„w× AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ c`‡¶c †bqv
• bvix D‡`¨v³v‡`i Dbœq‡b wewfbœ cÖKí MÖnY Kiv
• bvix D‡`¨v³v‡`i Dbœq‡b mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv
• †ckv`vix myweav wbwðZ Kiv
bvix D‡`¨v³v‡`i evavmg~n ~i Kiv
wewmK, wewb‡qvM †evW©, cwiKíbv Kwgkb, A_© gš¿Yvjq, wkí gš¿Yvjq, bvix I wkï gš¿Yvjq
9
1.3 ‡K›`ªxq I ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii f~wgKv †Kgb nIqv DwPZ?
’vbxq miKvi‡K kw³kvjx K‡i ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi Dbœqb‡K A‡bKLvwbB wbwðZ Kiv hvq| †Kv‡bv D‡`¨v‡Mi g~j
Dcv`vb¸‡jv †K› ª mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡RB ’vbxq miKv‡ii kw³kvjx nIqv †ewk Ri“wi †Kbbv ZvivB ¶z`ª I
gvSvwi e¨emvqx‡`i KvQvKvwQ _v‡K|
¶ ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi Dbœq‡b †K› ªxq miKv‡ii f~wgKv I bxwZ :
‡K›`ªxq miKv‡ii hv Kiv DwPZ⎯
• ‡emiKvwi LvZ‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e, miKvwi ms ’v¸‡jv we‡kl K‡i ’vbxq miKvi hv‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv
• ’vbxq chv©q‡K mwZ¨Kvifv‡e kw³kvjx Kiv • ’vbxq Ges ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi cÖ‡qvR‡b ¶y`ª e¨emvq mnvqZv †`Iqv • evRvi ‰Zwi‡Z mnvqZv Kiv • ïay AvDUcy‡Ui Dci ‡Rvi bv w`‡q Dbœqb cÖwµqvi Dci ‡Rvi †`Iqv • D‡`¨v³v‡`i mgv‡R †ivj g‡W‡ji gh©v`v ‡`Iqv • ¶z ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v³v cÖwZwbwa‡`i m‡½ wbqwgZ gZwewbgq Kiv
‡K›`ªxq miKv‡ii hv Kiv DwPZ bq⎯
• KwVb kZ© I Kg©m~wP Pvwc‡q †`Iqv • ‡K›`ªxq I AvgjvZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv • ¶z ª I gvSvwi wkí mnvqZv e¨e¯’vcbvq ÔK‡cv©‡iU g‡WjÕ Pvjy Kiv • e¨emv welqK Ávb I Z_¨ h_vh_fv‡e mieivn bv Kiv
1.4 ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí (GmGgB) Dbœqb j‡¶¨i m‡½ mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK Ges mvgvwRK D‡Ïk¨†K †gjv‡bv
mvgwMÖK Dbœqb D‡Ï‡k¨i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q PvKzwi m„wó, Drcv`b, cÖwZ‡hvwMZv , wRwWwc evov‡b, wRwblc‡Îi `v‡gi
w¯’wZkxjZv cªf„wZ| wbw ©ó D‡Ï‡k¨i g‡a¨ ejv hvq `vwi ª we‡gvP‡b GmGgBÕi Ae`vb, †Kv‡bv wbw ©ó †Mvôxi Kj¨vY
(†hgb⎯ gwnjv wKsev DcRvZxq‡`i e¨emvi Dbœqb) , wKsev †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †m±‡ii Dbœqb (‡hgb⎯ ch©Ub wKsev
K…wlwbf©i Dbœqb) | Avš—R©vwZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi m‡½ wgj †i‡L wbw ©ó D‡Ïk¨ wba©viYI ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi Dbœqb
D‡`¨v‡M f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e mvgwMÖK j‡¶¨i m‡½ wgj bv ivLv‡Z GmGgB Dbœqb bxwZ mg‡qi m‡½ m‡½
AKvh©Ki n‡q hv‡e| KviY GKUv cÖ‡hvR‡bi c_ a‡i Ab¨ Av‡eKwU cÖ‡qvRb P‡j Av‡m| GQvovI bxwZ ˆZwiKvix‡`i
bZzb Dbœqb fvebv¸‡jv‡K ev¯—e iƒc †`Iqvi Rb¨ m`vme© v cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv wiwfD Ki‡Z n‡e|
10
¶z ª I gvSvwi wkíbxwZi m‡½ RvZxq D‡Ï‡k¨i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ GB †m±‡ii †hme f~wgKv
we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L †m¸‡jv n‡jv ⎯
• PvKzwi m„wói msL¨v Ges aib • Drcv`b ¶gZv Ges Dbœqb j¶¨ • Avš—R©vwZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I ißvwb‡Z f~wgKv • AvÂwjK Ges ’vbxq Dbœqb • RvZxq cwiKíbvq †hme g~j wkí I †mevLvZ‡K Uv‡M©U Kiv n‡q‡Q • ‰elg¨ Ges `vwi ª Kgv‡bv
1.5 A¨W‡fv‡KwmwelqK cÖv_wgK aviYv
1.5.0 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kx ?
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv bxwZwba©vibx cÖwµqv‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi Rb¨ mviv we‡k¦i †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi
Kg©xiv, GgbwK bxwZwba©viKiv wb‡RivI e¨envi K‡ib| A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm ïay bxwZ ˆZwi ev bxwZi ms¯‹v‡ii m‡½B m¤úwK©Z
bq, GKB m‡½ Zv bxwZi h_v©_ ev¯—evq‡bi m‡½I hy³|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q wewfbœ †`‡ki wewfbœ msMVb| G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB wbR ^ msÁv i‡q‡Q| msÁv¸‡jv wb‡P
D‡j�L Kiv n‡jv⎯
K.A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm n‡jv msMwVZ D‡`¨vM I Kvh©µ‡gi Ggb nvwZqvi hv MYZ‡š¿i Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mwVK e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g
MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqv‡K kw³kvjx K‡i| ivóª hš¿, ivR‰bwZK Ges A_©‰bwZK ¶gZvi AwaKvix‡`i‡K cÖfvweZ Ges cÖ‡ivwPZ
K‡i bxwZ cwieZ©‡bi j‡¶¨ GB Kvh©µg‡K mymsMwVZ Kiv nq| bxwZ ‰ZwiKvixiv Ggb cÖwµqvq bxwZ MÖnY, msi¶b I
ev¯—evqb K‡ib hv‡Z K‡i hviv Kg ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvi AwaKvix wKsev hv‡`i Avw_©K m¤ú‡`i mxgve×Zv Av‡Q Zviv
DcK…Z nq Ges Rxebgv‡bi Dbœqb NUv‡Z mg_© nq|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Bbw÷wUDU, IqvwksUb
L. bxwZwba©viK‡`i cÖfvweZ Kivi cªwµqvB n‡jv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm|
†Kqvi
11
M. wewfbœ RbbxwZ I Kvh©ixwZ ‰Zwi, cwieZ©b I ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g GbwRI†`i Kvh©µg‡K myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi j‡¶¨
RbbxwZ ‰Zwi I wm×vš— ‡bIqvi cÖwµqvi m‡½ RwoZ‡`i cÖfvweZ Kivi cÖwµqvB n‡jv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm|
A·dvg, BD†K
N. †hvMv‡hvM c×wZi †KŠkjc~Y© e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g RbbxwZ cÖfvweZ Kivi D‡`¨vMB n‡jv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm| GLv‡b RbbxwZ
ej‡Z cÖwZôvb, KwgDwbwU Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î e¨w³i AvPib wbqš¿‡bi j‡¶¨ KZ©…c¶ KZ…K ‰Zwi bxwZ, cÖ_v ev
evYx‡K †evSvq|
Rb ncwKbm& †m›Uvi di KwgDwb‡Kkb †cÖvMÖvg
O. Z_¨cÖhyw³ w`‡q e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z m¤úK© I MYgva¨g‡K djcÖm~fv‡e Kv‡R jvwM‡q Z_¨ I cÖhyw³‡K ivR‰bwZK I
†bZ…‡Z¡i Kv‡Q MÖnY†hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv Ges Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU wbw`©ó Kvh©µg MÖnY I ev¯—evqb Kivi j‡¶¨
mgvR‡K cÖ ‘Z K‡i †ZvjvB n‡jv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm|
BDwb‡md
Dc‡ii msÁv¸‡jv †_‡K K‡qKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© aviYv jvf Kiv hvq⎯
cÖÖ_gZ, A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm n‡”Q bxwZ ‰Zwi‡Z RwoZ‡`i DØy×KiY| †hgb⎯ miKvwi Kg©KZ©v/Avgjv, msm` m`m¨, gš¿x|
wØZxqZ, A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm GKwU mywPwš—Z cÖwµqv| Kv‡RB, A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©µg ïi“ Kivi c~‡e© GUv wbwðZfv‡eB
cwi®‹vi K‡i †bqv `iKvi Avgiv Kv‡K ev Kv‡`i‡K DØy× Kivi †Póv KiwQ Ges Avgiv †Kvb bxwZi cwieZ©b KiwQ|
†hgb⎯ ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi †¶‡Î D‡`¨v³v; FY †`qvi †¶‡Î m¤úwË eÜK ivLvi bxwZ|
Z…ZxqZ, bxwZwba©viKiv wewfbœ ch©v‡qi n‡q _v‡K| bxwZwba©viK ej‡Z ïay miKvwi ch©vqfy³‡`iB †evSvq bv, ‡emiKvwi
ch©vq Ges mgv‡Ri cÖfvekvjx e¨w³ivI GB ch©vqf~³| †hgb⎯ welq we‡klÁ, mgv‡R ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e‡j we‡ewPZ
e¨w³eM©|
12
1.5.1 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kx bq ?
wb‡Pi welqMy‡jv A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx bq⎯
K. m¤cÖmviY Kvh©µg⎯ Avgiv A‡bK mgq cwiev‡i I KwgDwbwU‡Z K…wl m¤cÖmviY Ges ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZv I Af¨vm
cwieZ©b wb‡q KvR K‡i _vwK| GUv mavibZ wm×vš— ev bxwZcÖ‡YZv‡`i cÖfvweZ Kivi Rb¨ Kiv nq bv| ZvB GUv
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm bq|
L. Z_¨, wk¶v, †hvMv‡hvM⎯ KwgDwbwUi †jvKR‡bi g‡a¨ we‡kl Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kiv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm bq|
Z‡e G‡¶‡Î hw` RbgZ MV‡bi gva¨‡g bxwZ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ K¨v‡¤úBb Kiv nq Z‡e †mUv A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx K‡¤úBb|
M. miKvix Awdm Av`vj‡Z wbR msMVb m¤ú©‡K Rvbv‡bv⎯ bxwZ wba©viK‡`i m‡½ m¤úK© ’vcb Kiv A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Ask
n‡jI ïay wbR msMVb‡K cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx bq|
N. wbR msMV‡bi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© Rbm‡PZbZv ‰Zwi⎯ †Kvb GKwU cÖPvi gva¨g e¨envi K‡i †Kej wbR msMV‡bi
†cÖvdvBj ev Kvh©µg Rbmg‡¶ Zz‡j aiv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi Aš—f©y³ bq|
O. Znwej M‡o †Zvjv⎯ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi cÖv_wgK j¶¨ Znwej M‡o †Zvjv bq| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm
Kv‡Ri d‡j msMV‡bi Znwej M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i Ges Rb¯v‡_© Znwej M‡o †Zvjv n‡j Zv msMVb‡KI jvfevb K‡i
_v‡K|
P. K¨vcvwmwU wewìs⎯ mvaviYZ wm×vš— ev bxwZ- cÖ‡YZv‡`i cÖfvweZ Kivi Rb¨ Kiv nq bv| wbQK wbR ^ msMV‡bi
Kgx©i Kv‡Ri ¶gZv evov‡bvI A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm bq|
1.5.2 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi j¶¨
msÁvMZ wewfbœZv _vK‡jI A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ Ges Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© †Kvb aviYvMZ cv_©K¨ †bB|
A¨vW‡fv†Kmxi g~j welq n‡jv eZ©gvb Ae¯’v‡K ÔAv`k©Õ Ae¯’v‡b cwieZ©b Kiv| †hgb⎯ e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY`vb cÖwµqv‡K
Av‡iv mnR I D‡`¨v³v‡`i AbyK‚j Kiv|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi j¶¨ n‡jv⎯
13
• bxwZ,AvBb ev wewa cÖYqb, ms®‹vi ev ev¯—evqb Kiv
• mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖKí I Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Ges ev¯—evq‡bi †¶Î ‰Zwi Kiv|
• we`¨gvb cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K cªK…Z cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ Kiv Ges bZzb cÖwZôvb m„wó Kiv
1.5.3 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi †¶Î
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi †¶Î A‡bK we¯—…Z| we‡kl †Kv‡bv RvZxq ch©v‡qB A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm mxgve× _vK‡e GgbwU bq, eis
Z…Yg~‡ji A‡bK eo I myß Bmy¨ Av‡Q hv ‡ewk ¸i“Z¡ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avš—R©vwZK †¶‡ÎI A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm m¤¢e|
†hgb: cwi‡ek evÜe e‡j cvURvZ ª‡e¨i e¨vM wKsev cUvwi ev g„rwk‡íi evRviRvZ Kivi Avš—R©vwZK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm|
1.5.4 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi aib
‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡klÁ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡K wZb fv‡M fvM K‡ib:
K. †mjd A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯ e¨w³ wb‡Ri ¯^v_© Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †h A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K‡i| †hgb⎯ FY cvIqvi c×wZ mnR
Kiv|
L. wjM¨vj A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K AvBwb civgk© cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kiv| †hgb⎯
weGmwUAvB- Gi KvQ †_‡K QvocÎ †bIqv|
M. wm‡÷g A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm/†jwRm‡jwUf A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm/cwjwm A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm/†mvmvj Rvw÷m A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯ RbgywL
AvBb/bxwZgvjv ˆZwi, ev¯—evqb ev ms¯‹vi Kivi cÖwµqv hv cy‡iv cÖwµqv ev e¨e ’v‡K cwiewZ©Z K‡i| †hgb⎯ ¶z`ª
D‡`¨v³v‡`i wbR ^ e¨e ’vcbvq c„_K evRv‡ii e¨e ’v Kiv|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡K A‡bK we‡klÁ Av‡iv Pvi fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb:
K. BwWIjwRK¨vj A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯bxwZMZ w`K †_‡K cÖavb¨ jvf Kivi †KŠkj‡K †evSvq|
L. gvm A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯‡hLv‡b RbmvaviY hy³ _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i c‡¶ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î RbM‡Yi
AskMÖnb Ges DØy×KiY Ri“wi|
14
M. B›Uv‡i÷ MÖ“c A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯G cÖwµqvq ¯^v_©‡Mvôx Zv‡`i `vwe-`vIqv Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ GB A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K‡i|
G‡¶‡Î Bmy¨ mg~n mywbw`©ó _v‡K| mvavibZ bxwZMZ cÖvav‡b¨i Zzjbvq G Kvh©µ‡g e ‘MZ jvfvjvf AR©bB cÖavb D‡Ïk¨
_v‡K| †hgb ¶z ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Rb¨ mKj ai‡Yi Ki gIKzd Kiv|
N. ey¨‡iv‡µwUK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm⎯mvavibZ M‡elK, A_©bxwZwe`, eyw×Rxex Ges wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv mwµq †_‡K AvgjvZš¿
Ges G‡`i wm×vš— ‡bIqvi cÖwµqv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡ib| AvgjvivI Zv‡`i mycvwik ‡g‡b †bb| †Kbbv, Dwj�wLZiv
Ôwe‡klÁÕ wnkv‡e L¨vZ| †hgb⎯ `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjc‡Î GmGgB m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv, D‡`¨vM
†bIqv|
1.5.5 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi ˆewkó¨
• cwiKwíZ Ges Ae¨vnZ Kg© • memgqB BwZevPK cwieZ©‡bi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ • e¨w³, †Mvôx ev cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i • A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cwiKíbvq mgv‡Ri AskMÖnY I gvwjKvbv _v‡K • ivR‰bwZK Ges bxwZwba©vib cÖwµqvq `vwe ‡Zv‡j • we`¨gvb ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© bZzb web¨vm `vwe K‡i • bxwZwba©viYx cÖwµqvq RbM‡Yi ¯^v_© Zy‡j a‡i • ‰Zwi bxwZ‡Z hv‡`i ¯v_© RwoZ Zv‡`i‡KB cÖwµqvq hy³ K‡i • MZvbyMwZK Bmy¨i †P‡q Ø›` i‡q‡Q Ggb Bmy¨ wb‡q KvR K‡i • Ggb Bmy¨ hv ¯úó Ges/A_ev ivR‰bwZK AwfÁZvi †¶Î ‰Zwi K‡i⎯ hv Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e m¤¢e bq • hviv G Kv‡Ri d‡j mydj †fvM Ki‡e A_ev hviv eyS‡Z cvi‡Q Zv‡`i‡KI Kv‡R hy³ K‡i • cÖv_wgK D‡`¨vM †bq, bZzb wKQz Pvjy K‡i • cÖwµqvwU memgqB †Póv K‡i I m„wó Ki‡Z Pvq • gvbyl‡K ‡evSv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †h, Zv‡`i mywbw`©ó AwaKvi Av‡Q Ges Zv Av`vq Kiv m¤¢e • mvaviYZ GKwU Bmy¨‡ZB Kiv nq, Z‡e wfbœ wfbœ Bmy¨‡Z Kiv n‡j cÖwZwU Bmy¨‡KB mywbw`©ó K‡i
†bIqv nq; j¶¨ mywbw ©ó n‡j wfbœ wfbœ Bmy¨I GKwU GK‡Ki gZB KvR K‡i • mvaviYZ †mB ai‡bi AwaKvi ev myweav Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Kiv nq hv H e¨w³ ev H †Mvwô cvIqvi Rb¨
¯xK…Z • ‡Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZôvwbKxKib wbwðZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
15
• ‡gvP©v I ‰gÎx MV‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡iv eo c�vUdig I kw³ M‡o †Zv‡j| Gi d‡j wewfbœ MÖ“c, cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ ‡hvMv‡hvM m„wó nq
• hv‡`i nv‡Z Lye mvgvb¨ A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv ev ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i K_v ejvi AwaKvi, ms‡hvM I ¶gZv evovq
• fvimvg¨ †bB Ggb ¶gZv KvVv‡gvq fvimvg¨ Avbvi †Póv K‡i • GK`g wb‡Pi ev Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi KvRKg© I ZrciZvi m‡½ RvZxq ch©v‡qi bxwZMZ Bmy¨i ‡hvMv‡hvM
NUvq • RvZxq ch©v‡q mdjZvi Rb¨ Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q GKZve× KivI A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm ZrciZv wnkv‡e cwiPvwjZ
nq • Z…Yg~j KwgDwbwU, ’vbxq, RvZxq, AvÂwjK I Avš—R©vwZK A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm D‡`¨v‡Mi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM I
mgšq NUvq • ‡bZ…‡Z¡i AskMÖnYg~jK weKvk nq, RbmgvR‡K GKZve× K‡i • yÕc‡¶i g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv, fv‡jvevmvi g‡bvfve M‡o †Zv‡j
1.5.6 e¨w³MZ I cÖvwZôvwbK mydj cvIqvi †¶‡Î A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm KvRK‡g©i gva¨‡g †Kej RbmvaviY DcK…Z nq Zv bq, eis †h e¨w³ ev msMVb KvR K‡i ZviI DcKvi
nq | †hgb⎯
• AvZ¥wek¦vm ev‡o| †h ‡Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM wb‡RivB ‡bIqvi gZ mvnm ‰Zwi nq
• RbMY‡K wb‡q KvR Kivi d‡j cvewjK cÖ‡mm m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi aviYv ‰Zwi m¤¢e nq
• GB †eva R‡b¥ †h⎯mevB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©, mevB‡K wb‡qB mgvR, d‡j `vwqZ¡I mevi
• A‡bK †ewk gvby‡li mvg‡b wb‡R‡K Zz‡j aivi mvg_© ev‡o, wb‡Ri `vwe wØav-Ø›Ø QvovB Zz‡j
aivI G‡Z m¤¢e nq
• AvaywbK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi mv‡_ cwiPq nq
• mw¤§wjZ †eva R‡b¥, HK¨e×fv‡e D‡`¨vM †bIqvi Ges `vwe Av`v‡q kw³ ev‡o
16
wØZxq Aa¨vq
¶z ª I gvSvwi wkí Ges A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm
2.0 f~wgKv
RxebaviY Ges Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †gUv‡Z gvbyl Zvi ¶gZv I †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx wewfbœ †ckvq m¤c„³ nq|
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB †h welqwU Av‡m Zv n‡jv G‡`‡ki AwZwi³ RbmsL¨v Ges
¶z ª AvqZb | AvqZ‡b ¶z`ª nevi Kvi‡Y G‡`‡k Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg †hgb Kg wVK †Zgwb RbmsL¨v Abycv‡Z PvKzwii msL¨vI
Kg| d‡j GB wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Av‡qi bvbvgyLx Drm AbymÜvb Kiv AZ¨š— cÖ‡qvRbxq|
AwaK RbmsL¨vi e¨cv‡i c‡¶ wec‡¶ yw`‡KB gZvgZ i‡q‡Q | GB RbmsL¨v‡K hw` Kvh©Ki Rbkw³‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ
Kiv hvq Z‡e Zv n‡e G‡`‡ki Rb¨ m¤ú`| wKš— Zv bv Kiv †M‡j GB RbmsL¨v †`‡ki Rb¨ n‡q `vov‡e wec`|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPzi msL¨K †eKvi i‡q‡Q| G‡`i †ekxifvMB wkw¶Z †eKvi| GB wkw¶Z †eKvi‡`i g‡a¨ AwZ Aí
msL¨vq i‡q‡Q DPP wkw¶Ziv| evwK mevB gvSvwi wkw¶Z, A_©vr gva¨wgK ev DPP gva¨wgK chv©‡qi cvV mgvß K‡i‡Q|
A‡b‡KiB Avevi wk¶v MÖn‡Yi my‡hvMB N‡U bv| G‡`i AwaKvsk wb‡qvwRZ nq K…wlKvR ev Ab¨vb¨ kªgmswk�ó Kv‡R|
Ab¨iv Kg©nxb †_‡K hvq|
Kg©nxb ev †eKvi _vK‡jI Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †Zv †_‡g _v‡K bv| Avi †mRb¨ `iKvi Avq †ivRMvi Kiv|
Avevi G‡`‡k A‡bK cwievi Av‡Q hv‡Z cwiev‡ii DcvR©b¶g e¨w³/e¨w³‡`i Av‡q ‡mB cwiev‡ii mKj cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†gUv‡bv m¤¢e bq| †m‡¶‡ÎI †mB cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`iI Av‡qi c_ AbymÜvb Ki‡Z nq|
Dc‡iv³ Gme cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I Pvwn`v †_‡KB g~jZ: ¶z ª I gvSvwi ch©v‡qi wkí ¯’vc‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi m~ÎcvZ nq|
†`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji RbMb wbR D‡`¨v‡M ¶y ª cwim‡i Gme wkí ’vcb K‡i Ges GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cywR Zviv msMÖn
K‡i wewfbœ miKvix I ‡emiKvix cÖwZôvb †_‡K FY MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g|
¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Gme D‡`¨v‡Mi mdjZv †hgb i‡q‡Q , †Zgwb e¨_©Zvi KvwnbxI i‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Gme D‡`¨v‡Mi wewfbœ
ch©v‡q weivRgvb mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ K‡i Zvi h_vh_ cÖwZKvi Abym܇bi gva¨‡g G‡K GKwU mvdj¨c~Y© Ges †`‡ki
Dbœq‡b mnvqK GKwU †¶‡Î cwiYZ Kiv m¤¢e|
2.1 ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?
GB Aa¨v‡q hv Av‡Q ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, mydj Ges gwnjv D‡`¨v³v m¤ú‡K©
wkí bxwZ 2005-G Kx ejv n‡q‡Q
17
evsjv‡`‡k miKvwi I †emiKvwi⎯ yÕ ch©vq †_‡KB ¶z`ª I gvSvwi ch©v‡qi wkí ¯’vcb A_©vr ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q D‡`¨vM
MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q | G‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©‡Ki evm `vwi ª mxgvi bx‡P| Pig
`vwi‡`ª¨i AwfkvwK¬ó Gme gvbyl Z‡`i †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wbiš—i msMÖv‡g iZ| Lv`¨ I e‡¯¿i gZ AwZ
AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb msMÖ‡nB ‡hLv‡b Zv‡`i Mj`Ng© Ae ’v nq, †mLv‡b wk¶v MÖn‡Yi e¨vcviUv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
wejvwmZvi gZ n‡q `vovq| webv‡eZ‡bi cÖv_wgK wk¶v, Ksev Lye †ekx n‡j gva¨wgK ev DPP gva¨wgK ¯—i ch©š—
we¯Z…wZ cvq Zv‡`i wk¶vMÖn‡Yi mxgv‡iLv| Gi djvdj `vovq GB †h, GKwU wekvj ¯íwkw¶Z Rb‡Mvwô Zv‡`i AwR©Z
wk¶v Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi my‡hvM cvq bv AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB| KviY, gva¨wgK ev D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ
†jvK‡`i PvKzixjv‡fi my‡hvM LyeB mxwgZ| Avevi Zviv hw` K…wlKvR ev GRvZxq Ab¨ †Kvb Kv‡R wbhy³ nq †hLv‡b
cÖwZôvwbK wk¶vi cÖ‡qvM Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB, Zvn‡jI Zv‡`i wk¶vjä Ávb Ae¨eüZB †_‡K hvq| GZ`‡cÖw¶‡Z
miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K AvZ¥Kg©ms ’v‡bi Dci h‡_ó ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡”Q| miKv‡ii G msµvš— wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi
gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y Ges Avw_©K mn‡hvMxZv cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q|
miKvwi cÖwZôvb QvovI wewfbœ †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi Gme D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i wewfbœfv‡e mvnvh¨
mn‡hvMxZv Kivi e¨e¯’v †i‡L‡Q| ¶z`ª FY cÖ`vb K‡i wKsev ‡Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ
GbwRI G KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
wKš— GLv‡b cÖkœ †_‡K hv‡”Q †h miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi Gme e¨e ’v KZUzKz Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q ; wKsev ¶z`ª
I gvSvix wkí cÖwZôv Ges myôz cwiPvjbvq Gme e¨e ’v KZUzKz djcÖm~ n‡”Q| Gme cÖ‡kœi Dˆi †h wPÎwU cvIqv hvq Zv
n‡jv, miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi ch©v‡qi GZme mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZvi †¶Î _vKv m‡Ë¡I GB m¤¢vebvgq LvZwU Avkvbyi“c
mdj¨jv‡f m¶g n‡”Q bv|
GB ev¯—eZv †_‡KB ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíwelqK A¨W‡fv‡Kwmi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä Kiv hvq|
2.2 ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨W‡fv‡Kwmi mydj
¶z ª I gvSvwi wkí †¶‡Î A¨W‡fv‡Kwm i mydj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †M‡j G wk‡íi eZ©gvb Ae ’v Ges G‡¶‡Î we`¨gvb
mgm¨v Ges A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi gva¨‡g m¤¢ve¨ aYvZ¡K cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †M‡j 3 wU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© chv©q m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv Ri“ix |
GB wZbwU chv©q n‡”Q⎯
18
K.g~jab msMÖn
L. wkí ¯’vcb Ges
M. evRviRvZ Kiv
GB wZbwU ch©v‡qB D‡`¨v³v‡`i wewfbœ cÖwZK‚jZv Ges cÖwZeÜKZvi mb¥yLxb n‡Z nq| GB mgm¨v¸‡jv wkí †f‡` wewfbœ
ai‡Yi n‡q _v‡K| Gme mgm¨v wbimb Ki‡Z cvi‡j, wb‡`bc‡¶ GKUv m‡š—vlRbK ch©v‡q bvwg‡q Avb‡Z cvi‡j GB
Lv‡Z Avkbyiƒc mvdj¨ jvf Kiv m¤¢e| e¨w³ chv©q ev AvÂwjK ch©v†q D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i GB e¨vcK we¯Z…Z †¶‡Îi
mgm¨vmg~n mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e bq| Kv‡RB cÖ‡qvRb mgwšZ D‡`¨vM MnY Ges e¨vcK AvKv‡i GKK Kg©m~Px cÖYqb|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi gva¨‡g ¶z ª I gvSvix wk‡íi wZbwU ch©v‡qi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwieZ©b Avbqb LyeB m¤¢e| Kv‡RB cÖ‡qvRbxq
Bm¨y‡Z A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx cÖwµqv myôzfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡j ’vbxq ch©v‡qi D‡`¨v³viv wb‡Riv AvZ¥wbf©ikxj Ges jvfevb
nevi cvkvcvwk RvZxq Dbœq‡bI h‡_ó f~wgKv KvL‡Z cvi‡e|
2.3 gwnjv D‡`¨v³v m¤ú‡K© wkí bxwZ 2005-G Kx ejv n‡q‡Q?
aviv 11.4⎯ ¶z`ª I KywUi wk‡í gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v‡`i wkí cÖwZôvq Av‡iv †ekx DrmvwnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ wewea
Bb‡mbwUf I Avw_©K cÖ‡Yv`bvi e¨e ’v †bqv n‡e|
aviv 11.5⎯ gwnjv D‡`¨v³v‡`i mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb I gh©v`vi †cÖ¶vc‡U GmGgB cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î KvwiMix Avw_©K I
cÖ‡qRbxq cÖwk¶Y mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| G †¶‡Î wkígš¿Yvj‡qi AvIZvq ’vwcZ wewfbœ cÖwZôvb (†hgb—wewmK,
weUvK, weAvBGg, GbwcI, w¯‹wU ) Gi mnvqZvq gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v‡`i ewa©Z K‡je‡i `¶Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvaywbK
KvwiMix cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e ’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
aviv 11.6⎯ mvwf©m BÊvw÷ª‡Ri m¤cÖmviY I cÖe„w× AR©‡b gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v‡`i AwaKnv‡i cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡e|
aviv 11.7⎯ †`‡k K…wlwfwËK wkí cÖwZóv I cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v‡`i AwaKZi AvMnx K‡i †Zvjv
n‡e| Abyi“cfv‡e Mv‡g©›Um wkí (bxU I I‡fb), B‡j±ªwb·, wmivwgK, †nvwmqvix, wngvwqZ Lv`¨, wngvMvi, nvB-f¨vjy-
G¨v‡WW wkí cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î gwnjv D‡`¨v³v‡`i KvwiMix I Avw_©K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
aviv 11.8⎯ †W‡Kv‡ikb mvgMÖx, PvgovRvZ cY¨, Gg‡eªv‡qWvix, Bwg‡Ukb, e�K-evwUK, n¯—wkí, euvk I †eZwkí,
†Ljbv, Dcnvi mvgMÖx BZ¨vw`‡Z gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v‡`i AwaKnv‡i Drmvn I Avw_©K myweav cÖ vb Kiv n‡e|
aviv 11.9⎯ ‡`‡k gvbm¤úbœ gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v m„wói Rb¨ AvvaywbK cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’vMÖnY Ges GKB mv‡_ h‡_vchy³
cuywR msMÖ‡ni my‡hvM m„wó K‡i GmGgB Ges KzwUi wkív cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ M„nxZ Kg©m~Pxi mdj ev¯—evqb wbðZ Kiv n‡e|
Gj‡¶¨ †`‡ki mKj wefvMxq kn‡i wkí cvK©mg~‡n gwnjv wk‡ív‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ wKQz c�U msiw¶Z ivLvi welqwU
we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
19
aviv 11.12⎯ gwnjv wkí D‡`¨vv³v‡`i wkí FY, BKzBwU K¨vwcUvj, †fÂvi K¨vwcUvj, PjwZ g~jab BZ¨vw` cÖvwßi
wbðqZv weav‡b miKvix wKsev †emiKvix D‡`¨v‡M †`‡k GKwU c„_K e¨vsK cÖwZôv Kiv Ges gwnjv wkí D‡`¨v³v‡`i
Dchy³Zv hvPvB K‡i mnR k‡Z© eÜKx- gy³ (Co-lateral free) FY cÖ v‡bi welqwU we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
‡Km ÷vwW: ‡gvt kvRvnvb, gayPvlx, dwi`cyi
wewmK KZ…©K yt¯’ gwnjv‡`i gay Pv‡l cÖwk¶b Kvh©µg †`‡L DrmvwnZ n‡q Pvik UvKv w`‡q GKwU ev· wK‡b †gvt
kvRvnvb 1993 mv‡j gay Pvl ïi“ K‡ib| ZLb wZwb `kg †kªYxi QvÎ| ïi“‡Z wZwb †`wk Rv‡Zi †gŠgvwQ cvjb
Ki‡jI GLb DbœZ Rv‡Zi gay Pvl Ki‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb evBkwU ev‡· †gŠgvwQ cvjb Ki‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ ‡ZiwU
dw`cy‡i Ges bqwU wmivRM‡Äi Dj�vcvovq| dwi`cy‡i DbœZ Rv‡Zi †gŠgvwQi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ cvIqv hvq bv e‡j
Zv‡K Dj�vcvovq ev· ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| DbœZ Rv‡Zi †gŠgvwQi ¯íZv, Lv‡`¨i Afve Ges cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y
gay Drcv`‡b mgm¨vi m„wó nq| G‡¶‡Î †gvt kvRvnvb g‡b K‡ib miKvi wPwb Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †hgb A_© mvnvh¨ w`‡q
AvL Drcv`‡b DrmvwnZ K‡i †ZgbB mwilv, a‡b, wjPz cÖf„wZ Drcv`‡bI DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡i| AwaKvsk†¶‡ÎB ‡Lvjv
evRv‡i gay wewµ Ki‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î ‡gvt kvRvnv‡bi AwfgZ n‡jv me Pvlx GK‡Î gay evRviRvZ Ki‡j Ges
weGmwUAvB Gi Aby‡gv`b cvIqv †M‡j gay cÖwµqvRvZ Ges evRviRvZ Kivi A‡bK myweav n‡e| ‡Kv‡bv FY bv wb‡q
GKRb gay Pvlx wnkv‡e mdjZv jvf Kiv †gvt kvRvnvb A ~i fwel¨‡Z mKj evav ~i n‡j AviI fv‡jv Kivi ¯cœ
†`‡Lb|
e¨emvq cÖe„w×i Rb¨ wecb‡bi cÖmvi Ri“wi| ZvB †gvt kvRvnvb A‡bK mgq Zvi †QvU fvB I Zvi mncvVx‡`i mvnvh¨
wb‡q _v‡Kb| Giv lô †kªYxi QvÎ| Zv‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq ‡gvt kvRvnvb gv‡m yÕGK evi wZb-PvikÕ wjd‡jU Qvwc‡q wewfbœ
¯‹z‡j QywUi mgq QvÎ I AwffveK‡`i g‡a¨ wewj K‡ib| Hme wjd‡j‡U gayi cywó ¸Y ewY©Z _v‡K| Gi d‡j Zuvi †µZv
wKQyUv †e‡o‡Q| GB KvRUv wZwb Av‡iv fvjfv‡e Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb hw` wZwb A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi †Kvqvwjkb UzjUv e¨envi K‡i
wecb‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡Zb| wZwb Zvi †Rjvi Av‡iv K‡qKRb gay Pvlxi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i hw` mw¤§wjZfv‡e cÖPviYv
Pvjv‡Zb Z‡e cÖPviYvI †Rvi`vi n‡Zv, Avevi mKj D‡`¨v³v civgk© K‡i wecb‡bi bZzb bZzb †KŠkjI cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb| Zuv‡`i mevi cY¨ GK bv‡g GKwU weµq †K› ª Ly‡j †mLvb †_‡K weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm wb‡j
wecb‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© Znwej MVb KivI m¤¢e nZ|
20
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡í A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi avc
3.0 f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki †cª¶vc‡U ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †M‡j evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi AvwaK¨, we¯—
vijv‡fi my‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zv Ges A_©‰bwZK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖf„wZ welq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvq P‡j Av‡m|
‡`‡ki wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ GKwU ¶z`ª AskB †Kej m¶g nq wk¶vjvf Ki‡Z| GB As‡ki A‡b‡KB Avevi
Avkvbyiƒc PvKzixjv‡fi e¨_© n‡q †eKvi n‡q hvq| D”P wkw¶Z As‡ki evB‡i gvSvix wkw¶Z Ges wk¶vjv‡f ewÂZ
Rb‡Mvwôi GKwU e„nr Ask K…wl Ges K…wlmswk�ó Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq| Aewkó Ask AvZ¥Kg©ms ’v‡bi c_ †e‡Q
†bq| GB AvZ¥Kg©ms ’v‡bi c‡_B M‡o I‡V wewfbœ ¶z`ª I gvSvix ch©v‡qi wkí| we‡klZ: ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q cÖwZwôZ Gme
wk‡íi RvZxq I Avš—Rv©wZK ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| wek¦vqb cieZ©x cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi hy‡M Gme wkí cªwZôvb Ges Zv‡`i
Drcvw`Z cY¨ RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z ivL‡Z cv‡i ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb| Avi GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Gme cÖwZôvb‡K mdj Ges
‡UKmB K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|
¶z ª I gvSvix wk‡íi eZ©gvb Ae ’v we‡k�lY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq by¨bZg Rxeb msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvR‡b ïi“ nIqv Gme wkí
cieZ©x‡Z mvdj¨jv‡fi m‡½ m‡½ µv‡gvbœq‡bi c‡_ †hgb AMÖmi n‡q‡Q, †Zgwbfv‡e †KvbiK‡g wU‡K _vKv †_‡K ïi“
K‡i e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q A‡bK †¶‡ÎB| GB †¶ÎwU‡K ev¯—e A‡_© Kvh©Ki Ges RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z h_v_©
Ae`vbc~Y© Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb G‡K m¤¢ve¨ me©vwaK mdjZv jv‡fi c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq w`Kwb‡`©kbv| GB
w`Kwb‡ ©kbv jvf Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i GB †¶‡Î we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv wba©vib K‡i Bm¨ywfwËK A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv|
GB Aa¨v‡q hv Av‡Q
evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, wek¦vqb cieZ©x ch©v‡q Gi ev¯—eZv, A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi Bmy¨ wbe©vPb, Bmy¨ we‡k�lY, AwW‡qÝ wPwýZ Kiv, ‡K› ªxq I ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii f~wgKv wba©viY, GmGgBÕi Dbœqb j‡¶¨i m‡½ mvgwMªK A_©‰bwZK Ges mvgvwRK D‡Ï‡k¨i ms‡hvM ’vcb, GmGgBÕi ev ’e Ae ’v ch©‡e¶Y, wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv mnvqZv Kg©Kv‡Êi g~j¨vqb, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
†KŠkjc‡Î ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí m¤ú‡K© fvebv Ges mgm¨v wbav©iY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv|
21
3.1 Bmy¨ wbe©vPb Kiv
GKwU mgm¨vi we‡k�l‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvi g~‡j ‡h KvibwU i‡q‡Q †mUv KivB n‡”Q Bm y wbe©vPb| A_©vr †Kvb GKwU mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ g~j †h KvRwU ~i Kivi Rb¨ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kvh©µg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e ZvB Bm y|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡Z mgm¨v n‡”Q GKwU wbw`ó Rb‡Mvwô‡K ¶wZMÖ ’ Ki‡Q Ggb cwiw ’wZ, †hgb⎯ `~b©xwZ, mš¿vm, `ªe¨g~‡j¨i
DaŸ©MwZ cÖf„wZ| GK GKwU mgm¨vi †fZi †ek K‡qKwU Bm y _vK‡Z cv‡i †hgb⎯ mš¿vm Avgv‡`i †`‡ki GKwU cÖavb
mgm¨v| GUv mgvavb Ki‡Z ‡hme Bm y wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv n‡jv⎯ ˆbwZK wk¶v `vb, AvB‡bi myôy cÖ‡qvM I
AvBb k„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbxi h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb wbwðZKib, Rbm‡PZbZv e„w× cÖf„wZ|
Bmy¨ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ_‡gB †hme welq we‡ePbvq Avbv cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv n‡jv⎯ Bmy¨wUi mgvavb‡hvM¨Zv I
e¨qmv‡c¶Zv, Bmy¨ wb‡q KvR Kivi †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv I Zvi †gvKv‡ejvi †KŠkj, Ges GB Kvh©µ‡g wewfbœgywL
mvnvh¨cÖvwßi m¤¢ve¨Zv|
GQvovI Bmy¨ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î AviI †hme welq we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L †m¸‡jv n‡jv⎯
• GB Bmy¨i m‡½ m¤úK© Av‡Q Ggb cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi KvRKg© • Bmy¨ wel‡q ivóª, miKvi ev ¯’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi eZ©gvb bxwZ • eZ©gvb bxwZ Kvh©Ki bv nIqvi KviY • Av‡M GB Bmy¨ wb‡q KvR n‡q‡Q wK bv • GB Bmy¨i m‡½ m¤úK© Av‡Q Ggb RbMb Ges fy³†fvMxiv G e¨vcv‡i KZUv m‡PZb • G e¨vcv‡i bvMwiKmgvR I Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxwei gZ • Bmy¨ ev¯—evq‡b †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjvMZ RwUjZv i‡q‡Q wK bv
Dc‡ii welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kivi ci Bmy¨ wbe©vP‡bi †hŠw³KZv I ev¯—eZv hvPvB Ki‡Z wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv we‡k�lY
Ki‡Z n‡e⎯
• welqwU Zvrch©c~Y© wK bv
• welqwUi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv KZUyKy
• welqwU mevi Kv‡Q AvKl©Yxq ev DÏxcK wK bv
• welqwUi msev`g~j¨ i‡q‡Q wK bv
22
†h ‡Kv‡bv Bmy¨‡K mevi Kv‡Q we‡kl K‡i DcKvi‡fvMx, bxwZ-cÖ‡YZv I cÖ‡qvMKvix‡`i Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ Ki‡Z n‡j
wb‡Pi w`K¸‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e⎯
• Bmy¨i mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡Z n‡e • Kviv mgm¨vq Av‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ _vK‡Z n‡e • G wel‡q †Kv‡bv bxwZ _vK‡j Zv ev¯—evqb bv nIqvi Kvib Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e • bvMwiKmgvR, wewfbœ †ckvRxwei gZ _vK‡Z n‡e • ev¯—evq‡bi cwi®‹vi w`K-wb‡`©kbv _vK‡Z n‡e • ev¯—evwqZ n‡j Gi dj †Kgb n‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡Z n‡e
¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí welqK Bmy¨ wbe©vP‡b †hme welq weePbv Ki‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv n‡”Q⎯
• GwelqK mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y Kv‡`i ¶wZ n‡”Q? • G e¨vcv‡i Av‡`Š †Kv‡bv cwjwm Av‡Q wK bv, _vK‡j †mUv Kx? • cwjwm _vK‡j ev¯—evqb bv nevi KviY • G welqK †Kv‡bv KvRKg© Av‡M n‡q‡Q wK bv • hviv mgm¨vq Av‡Q Zv‡`i gZ • m¤úwK©Z cÖwZôvb I e¨w³‡`i gZ • Bmy¨ ev¯—evq‡bi AvbygvwbK †gqv` • ev¯—evqbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi `¶ Rbkw³ Ges Avw_©K Ae ’v
3.2 Bmy¨ we‡k�lY Kiv
gvVch©v‡qi mswk�ó e¨w³, cÖwZôvb cÖf„wZi mv‡_ gZwewbgq ev Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wKsev ev¯—e wPÎ ch©‡e¶‡bi
gva¨‡g A‡bK †¶‡Î Bm y evQvB / wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gi cieZ©x ¸i“Z¡c~Y© avc Bm y we‡k�lb| Bm y-we‡k�l‡bi
d‡j e ‘wbô I Kvh©Ki Bm y wbav©i‡bi ‡¶Î D‡¤§vwPZ nq| GQvov Gi d‡j m¤¢ve¨ mg_©K I mnvqK †Mvôx m¤ú‡K© avibv
jvf Kiv hvq|
Bm¨ywfwËK we‡k�l‡bi `yÔwU ch©vq i‡q‡Q⎯ Bm y wbe©vPbc~e© Ges Bm¨y ev¯—evq‡bvËi|
Bm¨y ev¯—evqbc~e©K we‡k�l‡b Bmy¨i mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨, cwjwm ev AvBb, ev‡RU AvIZvf~³ Rb‡Mvwô cÖfywZ m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv / ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Bm¨y ev¯—evq‡bi d‡j mgv‡R wK ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o‡Q, cieZ©x Kibxq wK n‡Z cv‡i G
m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cÖvwß Bm¨y evv¯—evq‡bvËi we‡k�l‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
23
3.3 AwW‡qÝ wPwýZ Kiv
AwW‡qÝ ej‡Z †evSvq Kv‡`i mv‡_ A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©µg cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Bm y I j¶¨ wbav©i‡bi ci Zvi h_vh_
ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ ev¯—evqb Kv‡R Kvh©Ki fywgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i Ggb e¨w³, msMVb ev ms ’v‡K A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kv‡R
m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡e| ’vbxq Ges RvZxq yÔ ch©v‡qB AwW‡qÝ wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡hgb⎯ ¶z ª I gvSvwi wkímsµvš— A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi †¶‡Î AwW‡qÝ n‡Z cv‡i FYcÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~n, wkí
gš¿bvjq, A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿bvjq, wewb‡qvM †evW©, wewmK cÖf„wZ| GQvovI mvsevw`K, bvMwiK mgvR, ivRbxwZwe`,
wewfbœ GbwRI GivI AwW‡qÝ n‡Z cv‡i|
3.4 ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi ev¯—e Ae ’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
PviwU m~PK ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e RvZxq , †m±i wfwËK Ges AvÂwjK ch©v‡q|
K. bZzb e¨emvi m~Pbv⎯ GUv wewfbœfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡it e¨emv †iwR‡÷ªkb, U¨v· wiUvb©, jvB‡m‡Ýi Rb¨ Av‡e`b,
Ges †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î ïgvix ev bgybv msMÖn|
L. wU‡K _vKvi nvi⎯ GUv wba©viY Kiv KwVb| GKUv wg_ Av‡Q †h cÖwZ 5 wU bZzb e¨emvi g‡a¨ wZbwUB cuvP eQ‡ii
g‡a¨ e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| GB Ôe¨_©Zvi nviÕ Gi Kvi‡Y bZzb e¨emv ïi“ Kiv ev G‡¶‡Î †Kvb cÖKvi n¯—‡¶c
Kiv‡K SuywKc~Y© e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| A‡bK e¨emvi †¶‡ÎB gvwj‡Ki nvZe`j nq wKsev gvwjKvbvi iƒc cwieZ©b nq|
M. †m±‡ii cÖe„w×⎯ GUv wbiƒcb Ki‡Z n‡e AvÂwjKZvi wfwˇZ| wfbœ wfbœ A‡j cÖe„w× wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB
wewfbœ GjvKvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cwjwmi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †Mvôxi f~wgKvI wbb©q Kiv hvqt gwnjv Ges
Avw`evmx‡`i mgvR Dbœq‡b AskMÖnYK‡í we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ †`qv|
N. „wófw½ wbiƒcb⎯ mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ GmGgBÕi Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶‡Yi †¶‡Î e¨emv ïi“ Ges mg„×Ki‡Yi †¶‡Î
`„wófw½ wbiƒcb Kiv hvq|
3.5 miKvwi AvB‡bi cÖfve ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
24
miKv‡ii AvBb I bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z wM‡q ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkíMy‡jv Kx Kx mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q Ges †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î
ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb Zv wba©viY Kiv LyeB Ri“wi| eZ©gvb Ae ’vq eo wkíMy‡jv AwaK cÖfvewe¯—vi K‡i Ges ¶z`ª I gvSvwi
wkí¸‡jv Z_¨jv‡fi †¶‡Î evavi m¤§yLxb nq| GQvov, AvBb I bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Z ¶z ª I gvSvix wkí¸‡jvi
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ekx e¨q Ki‡Z nq|
AvB‡bi cÖfve ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ †hme †¶‡Î bRi w`‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv n‡”Q⎯
• ’vbxq Ges RvZxq ch©v‡q cÖZ¨¶ Ges c‡iv¶ Ki • e¨emvi jvB‡mÝ Ges †iwR‡÷ªkb • e¨emvi mv‡_ e¨emvi Ges †fv³vi †jb‡`‡bi Dci cÖfve • e¨emvi cwi‡ek, e¨emvi m‡½ hy³ †jvKR‡bi ^v ’ I wbivcËv i¶v • miKvwi m¤ú‡` ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi cÖ‡ek ¶gZv
Dc‡iv³ †¶Î¸‡jvi A‡bK mgm¨v Gov‡bv hvq hw` AvBb cÖYq‡bi †¶‡Î wbwðZ Kiv hvq †h GwU⎯
• cÖ‡qvRbxq⎯ Kxfv‡e ¶z ª I gvSvwi wkí welqK mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡e ? • Kvh©Ki⎯ DcKvwiZv Li‡Pi †P‡q †ewk wK bv ? • m½wZc~Y©⎯ GwU e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K AvB‡bi Ab¨vb¨ avivi m‡½ ‡g‡j wK bv? • b¨vqm½Z⎯ G‡Z wK mevi mgvb cÖ‡ek ¶gZv _vK‡e ? • ¯”Q⎯ cÖ‡qvM wK h_vh_fv‡e ch©‡e¶Y/gwbUi Kiv hv‡e ? • mnR‡eva¨⎯ mKj bvMwiK Ges D‡`¨v³v eyS‡Z cvi‡e wK bv ?
3.6 wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv mnvqZv Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Kiv
GmGgBÕi Kj¨vYv‡_© †Kvb bxwZ ev Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kivi ci Zvi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z †M‡j wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z
n‡e⎯
• cÖwZwµqv⎯ mv¶vrKv‡ii gva¨‡g MÖnxZv‡`i cÖwZwµqv Rvbv • wk¶v ‡bIqv⎯ cÖkœc‡Îi gva¨‡g Rvbv †h, MÖnxZviv mnvqZv Kg©m~wP KZUzKz eyS‡Z cvi‡Q • AvPiY⎯ bZzb bxwZ Pvjyi d‡j MÖnxZviv ‡Kgb AvPiY Ki‡Q GUv ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Rvbv hv‡e
• gvSc‡_ ev †k‡li KvR⎯ AwWU ev ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Rvbv †h, bZzb Pvjy Kiv mnvqZvi d‡j Kx DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q
25
• P~ovš— cÖfve⎯Uvb©Ifvi, jvf, wb‡qvM- Gme Z_¨ wb‡q Rvbv †h, e¨emvq KvRK‡g© Gi cÖfve †Kgb n‡”Q
3.7 mgm¨v wb‡`©k Kiv
¶z`ª I gvSvix wk‡í mgm¨v wbav©ibK‡í mswk�ó‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgq Ges we‡k�l‡bi gva¨‡g G †¶‡Î ‡ek K‡qKwU
mgm¨v wbav©ib Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB mgm¨¸‡jv‡K mvaibZ wZbwU cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq- wkí ’vc‡bi c~‡e© cÖ‡qvRbxq
cywR msMÖ‡n, wkí ’vcb Ges cwiPvjbvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q Ges Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKi‡Y|
‡Km ÷vwW : Avi †K Mv‡g©›Um
dwi`cyi kni msjMœ Aw¤^Kvcyi wbR evwo‡Z AvR †_‡K AvovB eQi Av‡M †ivwRbv Lvb ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb ywU †gwkb w`‡q
†UBjvwis Gi KvR | GLb Zuvi cÖwZwôZ Avi †K Mv‡g©›Um G 13 wU †mjvB †gwkb I 2 wU GgeªqWvwi †gwkbmn †gvU 15
wU †gwk‡b KvR nq| 2 Rb cyi“l mnKg©x e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mevB gwnjv| G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †ivwRbv Lvb GZ`‡ji mKj‡KB
webv cvwikªwg‡K cÖwk¶Y w`‡q _v‡Kb| †ivwRbv Lvb cÖ_‡g hye Dbœq‡bi †Uªwbs wb‡q KvR ïi“ K‡ib| GKB m‡½
cvwievwiK Ab¨vb¨ `vwqZ¡ Ges wb‡Ri covïbv Pvwj‡q hv‡PQb| GLb wZwb RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvIZvq mœvZ‡KvËi
cwi¶v_x©| cÖ_g ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb cwiwPZ Rb‡`i AW©v‡ii wfwˇZ ˆZix †cvlvK mieiv‡ni ga¨ w`‡q | GLb wZwb Ges
Zvi ¯vgx Df‡qB e„nËi dwi`cyi, gv¸ov I wSbvB`‡nI wb‡R‡`i ‰Zix †cvlv‡Ki evRvi we¯—…Z K‡i‡Qb|
GBme m¤¢vebvi gv‡S i‡q‡Q A‡bK mgm¨v hv Zv‡K †cQ‡b †U‡b ai‡Q| aiv hvK fvj wWRvB‡bi Afve, †h Kvi‡Y
cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡Qbv| ÒDbœqb ms ’v ÔAvkvÕi KvQ †_‡K FY wb‡qwQj Avwk nvRvi UvKv, m~` mn †diZ
w`‡Z n‡q‡Q GK j¶ wek nvRvi UvKv|Ó miKvix ms¯’v †hgb hye Dbœqb AZ¨š— mxwgZ cwim‡i FY †`q| wKš— e¨sK
FY `v‡bi Rb¨ bvbv c×wZ Aej¤b Ki‡Z nq †hgb aiv hvK Rwgi `wjj, †cŠi mfvi wfZ‡i bv ewn‡i BZ¨vw` bvbvwea
RwUjZv hv ïaygvÎ mgqB †¶cb K‡i|
wbZ¨ bZzb wWRvBb w`‡q †Kvb Dbœqb ms ’v mg~n †Zgb mn‡hvMxZv K‡i bv| Drcv`b cÖwµqvi ciI i‡q‡Q mgm¨vi
†eovRvj| †hgb evRviRvZKib, ‰Zix †cvlvK †`vKv‡b mieivn K‡iwQ wKš— †`vKvb`vi UvKv mgqgZ cwi‡kva K‡i bv
GgbwK A‡bK mgq UvKv AvZ¥mvr K‡i A_ev ûgwK †`q| bvbv jvÃbv MÄbv mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| †m †¶‡Î mswk�÷
gv‡K©‡Ui ewbK mwgwZI GwM‡q Av‡m bv| AvBb k„sLjv i¶vKvix evwnbxi mn‡hvwMZvI cvIqv hvq bv| Dbœqb Kg©x‡`i
c¶ †_‡KI †KvbiKg mn‡hvwMZv †g‡j bv|
26
‡ivwRbv Lvb Zvi cÖwZôvb wb‡q Avkvev`x, wKš— ev¯—eZv Zvi †m Avkvq fimv †hvMv‡”Q bv| †ivwRbv Lvb Rv‡bb bv G
msµvš— miKvix bxwZgvjv wK, wKsev Zvi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZB ev wK n‡Z cv‡i, Ges GB †¶‡Î †K ev
Kviv Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB welq¸‡jv Rvb‡Z n‡j †ivwRbv Lvb‡K miKvix bxwZgvjv Rvb‡Z n‡e Ges
Zvi mgm¨vi g~j Bm y¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i Zvi h_vh_ we‡k�lY Ges Kv‡`i mvnv‡h¨ mgm¨vi DËiY NUv‡bv m¤¢e Zv wba©viY
Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme Kvh©µg mvdj¨RbKfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡j †ivwRbv Lvb Zvi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c‡_ A‡bK`~i
GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡eb|
27
PZz_© Aa¨vq
ev¯—e cÖ‡qvM c×wZ
4.0 f~wgKv
mgm¨v wbav©ib Ges Avbylw½K Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ / wb‡ ©kbv jvf Kivi ci A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi ev¯—e cÖ‡qvM cÖwµqv wbav©ib Ki‡Z
n‡e| G‡Z A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx cÖwµqvi ev¯—e cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj Ges Kg©c×wZ P~ovš— Kiv nq| GQvovI G ch©v‡q
A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©µ‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq Znwej msMÖ‡ni iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq| G c×wZ AbmiY K‡i A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kv‡R
RwoZ mKj Askx`vi hvi hvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi w`K wb‡ ©kbv †c‡q _v‡K|
4.1 †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv
A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kg©m~Pxi ev¯—evq‡bi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i mvgwMÖK Kg©‡KŠkj wbav©i‡bi Dci| GLv‡b yÔ‡Uv †KŠkj cÖbqb
g‡Wj Dc ’vcb Kiv nj| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e G `yÔ‡Uvi †KvbwUi e¨envi Kiv n‡e †mUv wbf©i Ki‡e ev¯—evqbKvix
msMV‡bi ev cÖwZôv‡bi m¶gZv, A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi cÖK…wZ I Bm¨yi e¨cKZvi Dci| Ggb wK GB g‡Wj¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRbxq
cwieZ©b, cwiea©b I cwigvR©b mvab K‡i e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e|
4.1.0 ‡KŠkj wba©viY Ki‡Z cuvP cÖ‡kœi g‡Wj
GB g‡WjwU A‡c¶vK…Z Kvh©Ki| †Kbbv G‡Z Ggb me mnR mij cÖ‡kœi mgv‡ek N‡U‡Q †m¸‡jv Av‡bK A¨vW‡fv‡KUB
mvavibZ Abykxjb K‡i _v‡Kb|
GB †KŠkj wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡j K‡qKwU cÖavb cÖ‡kœi DËi Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| cuvPwU g~j cÖkœ n‡jv⎯
GK. D‡Ïk¨⎯ Avgiv Kx PvB ?
GB Aa¨v‡q hv Av‡Q
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi ev¯—e cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ †KŠkj wbav©iY, †KŠkj ‰Zwii g‡Wj, †KŠkj ev¯—evq‡b mnvqK Uzjm wbev©Pb, Znwej msMÖn ev ev‡RU ‰Zwii cÖwµqv Ges K¨v‡¤úBb cwiKíbv ‰Zwi cÖYvwj|
28
`yB. ‡kªvZv⎯ ‡h KvR Ki‡Z PvIqv n‡”Q Zv Ki‡Z Kviv m¶g ?
wZb. hvPvB⎯ Avgv‡`i Øviv Kx Kiv m¤¢e ?
Pvi. Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv⎯ Kxfv‡e Avgiv KvR ïi“ Kie ?
cuvP. g~j¨vqb⎯ Kxfv‡e Avgiv Rvbe †h Avgv‡`i cwiKíbv wVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e ?
4.1.1 ‡KŠkj wba©viY Ki‡Z bq cÖ‡kœi g‡Wj
mvgMÖxK Kg©-†KŠkj n‡jv e„nr GKUv wKQz hv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kvh©µg‡K GKUv cwi®‹vi j‡¶¨i w`‡Z avweZ K‡i| Kg©-
‡KŠkj wb ©k K‡i⎯ mvgMÖxKfv‡e Avgiv †Kv_vq AvwQ, †Kv_vq †h‡Z PvB Ges wKfv‡e Zv †c‡Z cvwi| g~jZ Kvh©Kix
GKwU Kg©‡KŠkj bqwU g~j wel‡qi Dci cÖwZwôZ:
K. evB‡ii cwi‡ek we‡k�lY K‡i †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv
GK. Avgiv wK PvB (D‡Ïk¨) : †h †Kvb A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cÖwµqv GKUv wbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L cwiPvwjZ nq| D‡Ïk¨
¯^í I `xN©‡gqvw` n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov welqwfwËK I c×wZMZ D‡Ïk¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
`yB. Kv‡`i Kv‡Q A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi Rb¨ hvIqv n‡e : `vex Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³ I cÖwZóv‡bi Kv‡Q †h‡Z n‡e Zv
wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv cÖK…Z A_© bxwZ ‰ZwiKvix I cwieZ©b mva‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi welq¸‡jv Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
wZb. KZ©…c‡¶i Rb¨ wK wK msev` ev Z_¨ ivL‡Z n‡e : mywbw`©ó K‡i KZ„c¶ ev †kªvZvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx, ü`qMÖvnx Z_¨
Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pvi. we‡kl evZ©vwU ‡K †cuŠQv‡e : GKB evZ©v wewfbœ e¨w³i Kv‡Q wewfbœfv‡e Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z nq| Kv‡RB whwb GB evZ©v
†cŠQv‡eb Zv‡K Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ ¯qsm¤ú~Y© I mvejxj n‡Z n‡e|
cuvP. Kxfv‡e A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi welq¸‡jv Uv‡M©U MÖ“‡ci Kv‡Q MÖnb‡hvM¨ Kiv hvq : wewfbœ Dcv‡q GB KvR Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i⎯ jwes †_‡K ïi“ K‡i K¨v‡¤úBb ev cÖZ¨¶ A¨vKkb me wKQzB n‡Z cv‡i |
D‡Ïk¨ ‡kªvZv hvPvB Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv g~j¨vqb
29
L. wfZ‡ii cwi‡ek we‡k�lY K‡i †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv
GK. Avgv‡`i wK Av‡Q (m¤ú` ) : c~e© AwfÁZv ev msM„wnZ Áv‡bi wfwˇZ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm wb‡qvwRZ Rbej Z_¨ I cÖÁv
G‡¶‡Î we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
`yB. Avgv‡`i wK Ki‡Z n‡e : m¤ú` wba©vi‡bi ci wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡`i wK †bB, Zv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i G‡¶‡Î
Kibxq wba©vib Kiv|
wZb. Avgiv wKfv‡e ïi“ Kie : †KŠkj ev¯—evq‡bi Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c, cš’v I Kg„m~Px wba©vib Kiv| wKQy m¤¢vebvgq
Ges ^í‡gqv`x D‡Ïk¨ ev KvR wbY©q Kiv| †hgb⎯ evQvB Kiv wKQy Kg©x‡K msNe× Kiv|
Pvi. mvgMÖxK †KŠkj g~j¨vqb : M„nxZ †KŠkjwU Kvh©Kix wKbv Zv wbiƒcb Kiv AwZ Ri“wi | G‡¶‡Î †KŠkj Abyhvqx
KvR ïi“ Kivi ci ga¨eZ©x g~j¨vqb K‡i †KŠk†j cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi mvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb⎯ Avgiv wK mwVK
Uv‡M©U MÖ“c ev †kªvZv wba©viY K‡iwQ? Avgiv wK Zv‡`i KvQvKvwQ †cŠQv‡Z †c‡iwQ, Zviv wK Avgv‡`i Bmy¨‡Z Av‡jvPbvq
Ask wb‡Z ivwR n‡q‡Q ev n‡”Q cÖf„wZ|
4.1.2 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi mvgwMÖK Kg©†KŠk‡ji wfwˇZ cwiKíbv ‰Zwi Kiv
cÖ_g ¯—i
bxwZgvjv ‰Zwi Kiv → ↓
• Bmy¨ wPwýZ Kiv • g~j f~wgKv Kvi Zv wPwýZ Kiv • cwjwm cwi‡ek we‡k�lY Kiv • cvIqv Z_¨ msw¶ß Kiv
wØZxq ¯—i
Kv‡Ri Lmov †KŠkj ˆZwi Kiv→ ↓
• Bmy¨ wbav©iY Kiv • Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ wbav©iY Kiv • j¶¨ wba©viY Kiv • mn‡hvMx I we‡ivax c¶ wPwýZ Kiv
Z…Zxq ¯—i Kv‡Ri †KŠkj Pzovš— Kiv→
• Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wbav©iY Kiv • g~j e³e¨ wbav©iY Kiv
30
↓
• Kxfv‡e KvRwU n‡e Zv P~ovš— Kiv
PZz_© ¯—i cwiKíbv ‰Zwi→
• KZUzKz mgq jvM‡e Zv wbav©iY Kiv • ev‡RU ‰Zwi Kiv • ch©‡e¶b I g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv
4.2 Uzjm wbe©vPb Kiv
A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx †Kvb GKK †KŠkj bq eis A‡bK¸‡jv †KŠk‡ji mgwó GB †KŠkj ¸‡jv‡K A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi Dcv`vb /
nvwZqvi (A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Uzj) ejv nq| wfbœ wfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ Dcv`vb e¨envi K‡i A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx
cwiPvwjZ nq| †h †h welq¸‡jv A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv⎯
• †mwgbvi/IqvK©kc †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó wel‡q mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i mgm¨v wPwýZ Kivi cÖwµqv ; GB cÖwµqvq mswk�ó wel‡q GK ev GKvwaK we‡klÁ e¨vw³i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv nq Ges G‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡`i `jxq Av‡jvPbv Acwinvh©
• msjvc AvBbRxex I Ab¨vb¨ c‡¶i g‡a¨ wbw`ó© Bmy¨wfwËK gZwewbg‡qi cÖwµqv; c¶¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó Bm y wb‡q KL‡bv GKB ai‡Yi gZvgZ _vK‡Z cv‡i, Avevi †Kv‡bv c¶ wfbœgZI cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i
• mfv / gZwewbgq G KvRwU A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi ïi“‡Z A_ev †kl ch©v‡q Kiv hvq; G‡¶‡Î bxwZwba©viK‡`i AskMÖnY _vK‡j A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi djvdj AR©b mnRZi nq
• B›Uvi‡bU, I‡qemvBU
AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK cwim‡i A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †bUIqvK© M‡o Zyj‡Z GwU LyeB Kvh©Kix| G‡K B-A¨vW‡fv‡KwmI e‡j; Z_¨ msMÖn, Z_¨ cÖPvi Ges wek¦Ry‡o RbgZ ˆZixi Rb¨ B-A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm h‡_ó Kvh©Ki
• wgwQj / †gŠb wgwQj / i¨vjx
GB wZbwUB Av‡e`bgq hv Kg Li‡P I Uv‡M©Uf~³ †jvKRb‡K wb‡q Kiv hvq; ’vbxq ch©v‡q `vex Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î wgwQj/†gŠb wgwQj/i¨vjx †ek Kvh©Ki
• gvbeeÜb eû gvby‡li c‡¶ ‡Kv‡bv Bmy¨‡Z †`‡ki †Kvb we‡kl GjvKvi Rbmvavi‡Yi nv‡Z nvZ a‡i GKgZ cÖKvk K‡i bxwZ ‰ZwiKvix‡`i cÖfvweZ Kiv hvq; GB c×wZi myweav n‡”Q GwU Awnsm I G‡Z LiP Kg nq| GQvovI GwU mevi †Pv‡L c‡o, hv‡Z cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq
31
• K¨v‡¤úBb †cv÷vi, wjd‡jU, gvBwKs , wi‡cvwU©©s wgwWqv cÖPvi, WKz‡g›Uvwi BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g K¨v‡¤úBb cwiPvjbv K‡i RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv evov‡bv I DØy× Kiv m¤¢e
• ‡cÖm weªwds / Kbdv‡iÝ
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cwiKíbv ev¯—evq‡bi ïi“‡Z †Kb G Bmy¨wU wb‡q A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kiv n‡e †m wel‡q msev` gva¨g‡K Rvbv‡bv
• m¶vrKvi/ wi‡cvwUs / M‡elYv
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi ïi“‡Z †Kvb Bmy¨ m¤ú‡K© Mfxi I e¨vcK Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ M‡elYv, wi‡cvwU©s ev mv¶vrKv‡ii e¨e ’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
• cÖKvkbv / WKz‡g›Uvwi
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Rb¨ Bmy¨wfwËK cÖKvkbv ev wewfbœ WKz‡g›Uvwi cÖKvk I cÖPvi Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i
• ¯§viKwjwc / wPwV †Kv‡bv †mwgbvi, Kbdv‡iÝ wKsev Rbmgv‡e‡ki ci bxwZ ‰ZwiKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Gi d‡jv Av‡ci Ask wnkv‡e ¯§viKwjwc ev wPwV †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i
• ¯v¶imsMÖn †Kv‡bv Bmy¨i c‡¶ e¨vcK RbMb‡K DØy× Kiv †M‡j Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K ¯v¶i msMÖn K‡i bxwZ ‰ZwiKvix‡`i Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i
• DØy× Kiv mgv‡Ri RbM‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZwµqv m„wó Ges D‡Ïk¨ AR©b cÖwµqvq AskMªnY Kivi Rb¨ cÖfvweZ Kiv
• Rbïbvwb bxwZ ˆZwiKvix‡`i m‡½ me ai‡Yi gvby‡li mivmwi gZwewbgq Kiv
• AvBwb gvgjv hviv †Kv‡bv we‡kl bxwZ ev AvB‡bi Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡”Qb Zviv mivmwi m¤úwK©Z cÖwZôv‡bi wei“‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡ib
• Rb¯v‡_© gvgjv Avµvš— e¨w³i c¶ n‡q Z…Zxq e¨w³ ev c¶ hLb gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i
• mg‡SvZv / `iKlvKwl
†Kv‡bv GKwU Bmy¨i c‡¶ hyw³Z‡K©i gva¨‡g bxwZ ‰Zwii Rb¨ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv
• Abkb / Ae‡iva/†NivI
AwaKvi Av`v‡qi P~ovš— ch©v‡q Abkb , Ae‡iva , †NivI cÖf„wZ c_ MÖnY Kiv nq
• mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb †Kv‡bv Bmy¨‡Z RbMY‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
• †bUIqvK© wbw ©ó D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L `j, msMVb Ges e¨w³i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM m¤úK© ’vcb, cwiKíbv ‰Zwi I ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ mgwšZ cÖ‡Póv
• ‰gÎx / †gv©Pv e¨w³ , `j ev cÖwZôvb †Kv‡bv Bmy¨ wb‡q ivóª, e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ Pzw³ ev mwÜi gva¨‡g GKZve× nq
• †Kvqvwjkb GKwU wbw ©ó D‡Ïk¨‡K GwM‡q †bqvi cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ cÖwZôvb , ivR‰bwZK `j I e¨w³i GKZve× nIqv †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZôv‡bi wbR wbR Ae ’vb eRvq _v‡K
• jwes bxwZ ‰ZwiKvix‡`i cÖfvweZ Kivi Rb¨ ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖwµqv
4.3 ev‡RU ‰Zwi Kiv
32
A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi Rb¨ ev‡RU wba©vib GKwU RwUj KvR| A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi ga¨ ch©v‡q ev¯—eZvi wfwˇZ †KŠkj cwiewZ©Z
n‡Z cv‡i| ZLb ^vfvweKfv‡eB ev‡R‡U e¨cK cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Awb”QvK…Zfv‡eI †cÖvMÖvg wcwQ‡q †h‡Z
cv‡i| G‡ZI LiP e„w× cvq|
A¨vW‡fv‡‡Kmxi †KŠkj wba©vi‡bi †¶‡Î g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h, Kg Li‡Pi †Kvb Kvh©µg nv‡Z wb‡j hw` j¶¨ AR©b
m¤¢e nq Zvn‡j †mwU‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv DwPZ| ev‡RU P~ovš— Kivi mgq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †gvU wba©vwiZ Li‡Pi evB‡ii wKQz
LvZ †_‡K wKQz eivÏ ev‡R‡Ui g‡a¨ Aš—©f~³ ivLv fv‡jv|
4.4 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K¨v‡¤úB‡bi cwiKíbv ‰Zwi Kiv
GKwU myweb¨¯— I e¨env‡ivc‡hvMx K¨v‡¤úBb cwiKíbv cÖbhb Ki‡Z †M‡j Zvi A‡bK Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© ¯úó avibv _vKv
Ri“ix| wb‡P msw¶ß e¨vL¨vmn Dcv`vb¸‡jv D‡j�L Kiv n‡jv⎯
• Bmy¨ • A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi cwi‡ek • ‡h bxwZ ‰Zwii Rb¨ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kiv n‡e • K¨v‡¤úBb Uv‡M©U • A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †KŠkj • Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv • gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb
K.Bmy¨: mvaviYZ †h mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ K¨v‡¤úBb ev A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kiv nq, Zvi mywbw`©ó Bmy¨GLv‡b D‡j�L
Ki‡Z n‡e|
GK. cUf~wg : GLv‡b Bm yi †cÖ¶vcU Ges eZ©gvb mgm¨v m¤úv‡K© ms‡¶‡c e¨vL¨v _vK‡e|
`yB. †hŠw³KZv : GLv‡&b †h wbw`©ó Bm y MÖnb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
33
L. A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi cwi‡ek : GLv‡b eZ©gvb Ae ’v SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) I
†Kvb †Kvb ch©v‡q Kvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zv D‡j�L Ki‡Z n‡e|
kw³ ye©jZv my‡hvM SuzwK • `¶, AwfÁ I
wb‡ew`Z wUg • cuvP eQ‡ii Kv‡Ri
AwfÁZv • AvaywbK Z_¨msMÖn
e¨e ’v • DbœZ M‡elYv c×wZ • Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM
e¨e ’v • cÖwk¶Y Kvh©µg
• ch©vß Áv‡bi Afve
• AwfÁ Kg©xi Afve
• ch©vß A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm DcKi‡Yi Afve
• ch©vß Znwe‡ji Afve
• RvZxq wkí bxwZi †NvlYv
• wk‡íi weKv‡k RbM‡Yi AvMÖn
• ga¨ ^Z¡‡fvMx • yb©xwZevR
Avgjv
M. †h bxwZ ‰Zwii Rb¨ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kiv n‡e :
GK. we`¨gvb RbbxwZ ev¯—evq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges ev¯—evq‡bi Dcvq D™¢veb⎯ we`¨gvb miKvix bxwZ Kvh©Ki bv
_vKvi Kvib Ges Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ev¯—evqb †KŠkj D™¢veb Ki‡Z n‡e|
`yB. weKí RbbxwZ we‡k�lb⎯ cÖ¯—vweZ weKí bxwZ we‡k�lY w`‡Z n‡e A_©vr Gi d‡j mgv‡R wK ai‡Yi cÖfve
co‡e Zvi D‡j�L _vK‡e|
wZb. A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †dvKvm⎯ †hB Bmy¨‡Z A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kiv n‡e Zvi †dvKvm wK Zv wba©viY Kiv A_©vr Gi d‡j wK
wK e`j n‡e ev ms‡hvRb n‡e Zv ejv|
Pvi. Dchy³ bxwZ cªbqb n‡j Kviv wKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e| D`vniY ^iƒc⎯
Kv‡`i jvf n‡e? Kxfv‡e jvf n‡e?
¶z`ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v³v RvgvbZ Qvov FY cvIqv †M‡j wkí
¯’vcb I m¤cÖmvi‡Yi †¶‡Î jvfevb
n‡eb
N. K¨v‡¤úBb Uv‡M©U : K¨v‡¤úBb Kv‡`i mv‡_ Kiv n‡e| ‡hgb ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi †¶‡Î A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿bvjq
ev wkí gš¿bvjq|
O. A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †KŠkj : Kx ai‡bi †KŠkj wb‡j Bm y ev¯—evqb mnR n‡e Zv wba©vib Kiv| †hgb- †Kvqvwjkb,
wgwWqv A¨W‡fv‡Kmx , gvbe eÜb BZ¨vw`|
34
P. Kg©-cwiKíbv : KvRwU ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z K‡Zv mgq, Kx cwigvb A_© e¨q n‡e Ges `vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³ †K n‡eb, Zv
wba©vib Kiv| D`vniY⎯
Kx KvR? KLb? ‡Kv_vq? Kxfv‡e? Kvi `wqZ¡? mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb 18 Ryb 06 RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve ‡cÖmK¬v‡ei mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM K‡i A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm MÖ“c
‡cvóvi, wjd‡jU, w÷Kvi ˆZix I e¨envi
2 †g- 2 Ryb 06 ‡`ke¨vcx Qvcv‡bv Ges e¨venvi A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm MÖ“c
------ ------ ------ ------ -------
4.5 A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb
gwbUwis n‡”Q †Kv‡bv KvR Kxfv‡e Pj‡Q Zvi Ici bRi ivLv| †Kv‡bv cÖK‡íi wbw`©ó mgq ci cÖvß dj m‡š—vlRbK
wK bv Zv hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g fwel¨‡Z hv‡Z Av‡iv fv‡jv Kiv hvq †m m¤úwK©Z wb‡`©kbv †`qvB n‡”Q g~j¨vqY|
K. cÖwµqv gwbUwis
L. cÖfve g~j¨vqb
‡PKwj÷
ch©‡e¶Y
mv¶vrKvi
ch©‡e¶Y
cÖkœ-DËi
‡Km÷vwW
35
‡Km ÷vwW : Igi dvi“K, ya cÖwµqvRvZ Kivq AwfÁ, VvKziMuvI
Igi dvi“K e܇b †hvM †`qvi wPš—v fvebv Ki‡Qb| eÜb w`bvRcy‡i Aew ’Z Zvi †ev‡bi cÖwZôvb| †evb bvwmgv
GKRb ¶z`ª D‡`¨v³v, wZwb R¨vg, †Rjx, AvPvi ‰Zwi K‡ib| Igi dvi“K Ôn¨vWmÕ bvgK GKwU we‡`kx GbwRI‡Z
PvKwi K‡i‡Qb 12 eQi| †mB GbwRI †Wqvix dvg© K‡iwQj VvKziMv‡q| wKš‘ ya wecbb Kiv wb‡q Zviv weivU mgm¨vq
c‡ob| `ya wewµ nZ bv, 4 UvKv wjUvi `‡i wewµ Ki‡Z n‡Zv| ZLb Zviv wPš—v K‡ib `ya †_‡K cwbi evwb‡q XvKvq
mieivn Ki‡eb| ZLb GKRb we‡klÁ `iKvi n‡jv| Zviv XvKvq G‡m wewfbœ GbwRIi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i
†Wbgv‡K©i GKRb we‡k‡Ái mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i Zv‡K VvKziMv‡q wb‡q hvb| †mLv‡b 1 gvm M‡elYv K‡i wZwb ißvbx‡hvM¨
†gvRv‡ijv PxR ˆZix‡Z mdj nb| Zvici Zviv †kivUb †nv‡U‡j GKwU Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib †hLv‡b cwb‡ii
m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡`i Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nq| mevB Zv‡`i ‰Zix cwbi Lye cQ›` K‡i| ZLbB Zviv †ek wKQy AW©vi †c‡q hvb|
Gici dvi“K mv‡ne Õ98 mv‡j PvKwi †Q‡o w`‡q GKwU GbwRI MVb K‡ib| Zviv ¶z ª FY w`Z| Zvici †mB
cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨B VvKziMuv‡q GKwU ya cÖwµqvKib KviLvbv cÖwZôv K‡ib| †h‡nZz wZwb cwbi ˆZixi me ‡KŠkj Av‡MB
wk‡L wb‡qwQ‡jb, ZvB wZwb GB e¨emvUvi wPš—v K‡ib| wZwb wb‡R XvKvq †h‡q wcRv nvU, †Wvwg‡bvm wcRv, DBw¤ú
BZ¨vw` dv÷ dz‡Wi †`vKv‡b wPR mieivn ïi“ K‡ib| Zviv Zvi cwiwPZ wQj GbwRIi `ya wecb‡bi m~‡Î| wKš‘ †`Lv
†Mj cÖwZ gv‡m K‡qKw`b XvKvq _vK‡j Iw`‡K KviLvbvq KvR wVKgZ nq bv, `ya Pzwi nq| Avevi wZwb XvKvq bv
Avm‡j gv‡K©wUs wVKgZ nq bv| ZLb wZwb weµq G‡R›U LyR‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb Õ99 mvj †_‡K Kg †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i
evwo‡q GLb w`‡b M‡o 50 †KwR †gvRv‡ijv PxR Drcv`b K‡i Avm‡Qb| †Wvwg‡bvm wcRvi †`vKv‡b Zvi 1 jvL 85
nvRvi UvKv cvIbv Av‡Q| weµq cÖwZwbwa LyR‡Z wM‡q wZwb cÖ_‡g ¸jkv‡b avbwmwoi wcQ‡b GKUv dv÷ dz‡Wi
†`vKv‡bi gvwj‡Ki mv‡_ Avjvc K‡ib, Zvi bvg mvweŸi Avn‡g`| Zvi mv‡_ K‡qKw`b Av‡jvPbvi ci †kl ch©š— Zvi
mv‡_ Pzw³ nq bvB| Zvici wZwb ebvbx AvIqvj †m›Uv‡i Aew ’Z GRve MÖ“‡ci mv‡_ wZwb Pzw³ K‡ib|
dvi“K mv‡ne Zvi c‡Y¨i g~j¨ wba©viY K‡i †`b Ges Pzw³‡Z †jLv _v‡K †h, KuvPvgv‡ji `vg hw` kZKiv 10 fv‡Mi
†ekx e„w× cvq Z‡e cwb‡ii `vg cybivq wba©viY Kiv n‡e| Zviv 6 gv‡mi UvKv AwMÖg w`‡q †i‡LwQj | GB Ae ’vq
KvuPvgv‡ji `vg evo‡Z evo‡Z kZKiv 25 fvM ch©š— †e‡o †Mj wKš— Zv‡`i evi evi ejv m‡Z¡I Zviv cwb‡ii `vg
evov‡jv bv| Zviv ejj †h c‡i Avcbvi mv‡_ e‡m AwMÖ‡gi mv‡_ evowZ `vg mgšq K‡i †`qv n‡e, Avcwb mieivn
w`‡Z _vKzb| Gfv‡e 4/5 gvm †`qvi ci †`Lv †Mj Zviv ewa©Z g~j¨ w`‡”Q bv| ZLb dvi“K mv‡ne ej‡jb †h, hLb
†_‡K KuvPvgv‡ji `vg †e‡o‡Q, ZLb †_‡K cwb‡ii ewa©Z g~j¨ bv w`‡j wZwb Drcv`b eÜ K‡i †`‡eb| wKš— wewfbœ
e¨vemvwqK myweavi K_v wPš—v K‡i Zvi Av‡MB dvi“K mv‡ne Zvi KviLvbv ¯’vbvš—i K‡iwQ‡jb weµq G‡R‡›Ui
Rwg‡Z| d‡j cwbi Drcv`b eÜ nq bvB eis Zv‡`i e¨e ’vcbvq Pj‡Z _v‡K| VvKziMuvI †P¤^vi Ae Kgvm©, †hLv‡b
dvi“K mv‡ne GKRb m`m¨, †mLv‡b wZwb Awf‡hvM `v‡qi K‡ib| Zviv wePvi K‡i GKUv wm×vš— †`b, wKš‘ Zv‡Z
†`Lv hvq †P¤vi weµq G‡R‡›Ui c‡¶ c¶cvwZZ¡ K‡i‡Q| †hLv‡b mwVK wnmve K‡i cwb‡ii g~j¨ wba©viY K‡i w`‡j
dvi“K mv‡n‡ei 40/45 nvRvi UvKv cvIqvi K_v, †mLv‡b iv‡q ejv n‡q‡Q †h, AwMÖg †bqv 2 jvL 50 nvRvi UvKv
36
dvi“K mv‡ne †dir w`‡q Zvi †gwkbvwiR wZwb wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib| Zvi Dci 8 gvm hver Zvi †gwkb, hvi g~j¨ cÖvq
mv‡o mvZ jvL UvKv, Zv weµq G‡R›Uiv e¨venvi K‡i e¨emv Ki‡Q| Zvi Rb¨ dvi“K mv‡n‡ei ¶wZc~ib cvIqv DwPr|
wbi“cvq n‡q dvi“K mv‡ne Zv‡`i ivq †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| Avi GKw`b ci ZvwiL †`qv Av‡Q wZwb UvKv w`‡q †gwkb
‡diZ wb‡q Avm‡eb| Zvici wZwb w`bvRcy‡i Zvi KviLvbv ’vcb Ki‡eb Ges e܇bi bv‡gB Zvi cwbi wewµ ïi“
Ki‡eb| wZwb wbwðZ †h gv‡bi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`‡k †KD Zv‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| d‡j GRve MÖ“c‡K wZwb
civwRZ Ki‡eb gv‡K©wUs G| XvKvq jv wfwÂ, †kivUb, GBme eo eo †nv‡Uj, †miv dv÷ dz‡Wi †`vKv‡b Zvi e¨vcK
cwiwPwZ Av‡Q| wZwb Drcv`b ïi“ Ki‡j Zvi Av‡Mi Kg©Pvixiv mevB Zvi Kv‡Q P‡j Avm‡e, Avi bv Avm‡jI ¶wZ
†bB, †gvRv‡ijv PxR ‰Zixi †Mvcb †KŠkj dvi“K mv‡n‡ei Rvbv Av‡Q| wZwb bZzb †jvK w`‡q KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kv‡RB AvMvgx cÖKí wb‡q Zviv yB fvB †evb Lye Avkvev`x| bvwmgv †eM‡gi ¯vgxI Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvM w`‡q‡Qb|
¶z`ª D‡`¨v³v Igi dvi“‡Ki e¨emv cÖmv‡ii †¶‡Î †h me mgm¨v Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ D‡j�L‡hvM¨ n‡jv⎯
Zvi gv‡K©wUs G‡R‡›Ui mv‡_ b¨vqmsMZfv‡e weev` wbimb| G‡¶‡Î Zvi GKwU fyj n‡qwQj, Zvi †gwkbcÎ G‡R‡›Ui
Rwg‡Z ’vcb Kiv| VvKziMvI †P¤vi Ae Kgvm© GÛ BÛvw÷ª †h ivq w`‡q‡Q, Zv hw` b¨vqmsMZ nq bvB e‡j dvi“K
mv‡ne g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e Zvi DwPZ A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Uzjm& AbymiY Kiv| G‡¶‡Î Uzjm&¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i AvBwb gvgjv, wKsev
Rb¯^v‡_© gvgjv Ki‡Z Dchy³ KvD‡K DØy× Kiv| GQvovI dvi“K mv‡ne VvKziMvI‡qi wewfbœ `y» Drcv`bKvix Ges
cÖwµqvKvix‡`i DØy×Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g GRve MÖ“c‡K eR©b Kivi c`‡¶c wb‡Z cvi‡Zb| †h‡nZz Zviv Pzw³i kZ© f½
K‡iwQj| Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z Zvi mgm¨vi djcÖm~ mgvavb n‡Zv e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
37
cÂg Aa¨vq
wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm
5.0 f~wgKv
AvBb, bxwZgvjv I wewa-weavb ev¯—evqb, ms¯‹vi ev cwieZ©b A_ev bZzb cwjwm cÖbq‡bi Rb¨ Mbgva¨‡gi †KŠkjMZ
e¨enviB n‡”Q wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm |
wgwWqv‡Z ¶z ª I gvSvwi wk‡íi m¤¢vebv I RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi ¸i“Z¡ Dc ’vcb K‡i mswk�ó e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K
cÖfvweZ Kiv mnR nq|
GB Aa¨v‡q hv Av‡Q
wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv, cÖwµqv wba©viY, cwiKíbv ‰Zwii avcmg~n, †KŠkj Pzovš— Kivq we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv, Uzjm wbe©vPb|
wgwWqv
B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv
wcÖ›U wgwWqv
mvBevi †¯úm
‡iwWI
‡Uwjwfkb
msev`cÎ
cÎ-cwÎKv
B-‡gBj
B›Uvi‡bU
38
5.1 c×wZ wba©viY Kiv
wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi cÖ_g KvR n‡jv evZ©v / Abyôvb ‰Zwi Ges †KŠkjc~Y© Dc ’vcb | GwU hLb e¨vcK Av‡jvwPZ nq ,
bvbv gn‡j mvov RvMvq ZLb A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm MÖ“c‡K wb‡q mivmwi bxwZwba©viK‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡j Kvw•LZ
djcÖvwß mnR nq|
¶z`ª I gvSvix wkí msµvš— A¨vW‡fv‡Kmxi Kv‡R Avgiv wcÖ›U wgwWqv I B‡j±ªwbK wgwWqv DfqwU‡KB e¨envi Ki‡Z
cvwi|
5.2 cwiKíbv ‰Zwi Kiv
wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cwiKíbvq wbgœwjwLZ avc¸‡jv ‡g‡b Pjv †h‡Z cv‡i⎯
• mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv • j¶¨ wPwýZ Kiv • bxwZ †K ˆZwi Ki‡Q Ges dj †K †fvM Ki‡Q Zv wPwýZ Kiv • ev¯—evqb †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv • Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM Kxfv‡e n‡e Zv wPwýZ Kiv • KvR mywbw`©ó Kiv • A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi Rb¨ wgwWqv evQvB Kiv • cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †Kgb Zv hvPvB K‡i cÖwk¶Y ‡`Iqv • evZ©v c¨v‡KR ‰Zwi Kiv • evZ©vi wdì †U÷ Kiv • mgq ‡eu‡a †bIqv • evZ©v cÖPvi Kiv • wdWe¨vK †`Lv • g~j¨vqb Kiv • cÖ‡qvR‡b †KŠkj Avevi wba©viY Kiv • cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwµqv Avevi Pvwj‡q hvIqv
39
5.3 †KŠkj P~ovš— Kiv
†KŠkj P~ovš— Ki‡Z wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kivi `vwe iv‡L⎯
• Mbgva¨g m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv • wgwWqvi cÖ‡ek ¶gZv evov‡bv • Bmy¨ Abyhvqx msev` ‰Zwi Kiv • mywbw ©ó Bmy¨i Dci Z_¨ I DcKiY msMªn Kiv • msev` weÁwß cÖPvi Kiv • m¤úv`K‡`i m‡½ ‰eVK Kiv • msev` ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K wb‡ ©kbv ‡`Iqv • ¯§viKwjwc ‰Zwi Kiv • mvsevw`K‡`i wewfbœ ’vb cwi`k©b
5.4 Uzjm wbe©vPb Kiv
• †cÖm wiwjR⎯ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi g~j e³e¨ we‡k�lY K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kivi me‡P‡q mnR Dcvq n‡”Q †cÖm wiwjR Kiv
• wfwWI wbDR wiwjR⎯ †cÖm weÁw߇Z †`Iqv e³e¨‡K wfwWI AvKv‡i ˆZwi K‡i msev` ms ’v¸‡jv‡Z cvwV‡q †`Iqv
• ‡cÖm Kbdv‡iÝ⎯ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi g~j e³e¨ we‡k�lY mnKv‡i Dc ’vcb Kivi Rb¨ mvsevw`K‡`i wb‡q m‡¤§jb Kiv
• AskMÖnYg~jK wfwWI⎯ m¤úwK©Z †jvKRb‡K w`‡q wfwWI ˆZwi K‡i wbw ©ó mgm¨v‡K Zz‡j aiv
40
lô Aa¨vq
‡Kvqvwjkb, †bUIqvK© I †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi
6.0 f~wgKv
‡Kvqvwjkb ev †bUIqvK© wewfbœgyLx kw³ I m¤ú`‡K msNe× K‡i Ges e„nËi kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡q A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡K
mv_©K K‡i †Zv‡j| Aek¨, G ai‡Yi ˆgÎx ev c�¨vUdig wUwK‡q ivLv A‡bK mgq †ek Kómva¨ n‡q I‡V| GB GB
cwi‡”Q‡` G‡`i ˆewkó, MwZ cÖK…wZ Ges wm×vš— MÖnY cÖwµqv ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|
mvaviYZ g‡b Kiv nq †h, G ai‡Yi c�¨vUdi‡g mggbv msMVb¸‡jv ev GKB Bmy¨‡Z †RvUe× mevB wewfbœ wel‡q
GKgZ n‡q KvR Ki‡e| wKš— ev¯—‡e Zv nq bv, A‡bK wel‡q wØgZ I Ø›` †`Lv †`q| GLv‡b †evSvi myw`av‡_©
†Kvqvwjkb, A¨vjv‡qÝ I †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Zz‡j a‡i Zv‡`i msÁv I aviYv †`Iqv n‡jv| Ab¨fv‡e ej‡j ejv
hvq, ev¯—‡e †bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ †Kvqvwjk‡bi †Kvqvwjk‡bi g‡a¨ †bUIqv‡K©i ev A¨vjv‡q‡Ýi ˆewkó we`¨gvb †`Lv hvq|
‡Kvqvwjkb⎯ ZË¡MZfv‡e †Kvqvwjkb mvaviYZ AvbyôvwbK KvVv‡gv Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| Gi c„_K Awdm I mve©¶wYK
÷vd _v‡K| GLv‡b m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ `xN©‡gqvw` m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K|
‡bUIqvK©⎯ ZË¡MZfv‡e †bUIqvK© mvaviYZ bgbxq KvVv‡gvi n‡q _v‡K Ges wX‡jXvjvfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nIqvi K_v|
GLv‡b mggbv †jvKRb ev GKB ai‡Yi cÖwZôvb †Kvb wel‡q GKB ¯^v‡_© `je× n‡q Z_¨ I aviYv wewbgq K‡i _v‡K|
hw`I evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U KL‡bv KL‡bv †bUIqv‡K©i MVb I cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv A‡bKUv fwbœiKg †`Lv hq| Avevi
†Kvb †Kvb †bUIqv‡K©i †eZbf~³ Kg©PvwiI _v‡K|
A¨vjv‡qÝ⎯ A¨vjv‡qÝ ev †gvP©v ev ˆgÎx mvaviYZ ¯íKvjxb mg‡qi R‡b¨ MwVZ Ges GKwU mywbw ©ó Bm y ev D‡Ïk¨‡K
wN‡i cwiPvwjZ nq| mxwgZ gmq I D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q cwiPvwjZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y m`m¨‡`i Dci †Zgb `xN©‡gqv`x Kv‡Ri Pvc
_v‡K bv|
GB Aa¨v‡q hv Av‡Q
‡Kvqvwjkb, †bUIqvK©, †KŠkjMZ cvU©bv‡ii msÁv, MVb cÖwµqv, MVbKv‡j we‡eP¨ welq, MV‡bi myweav-Amyweav Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
41
6.1 ‡Kvqvwjkb
‡Kvqvwjkb n‡”Q GKB mvgvwRK j‡¶¨ ‡cŠQvi R‡b¨ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvMxZvi wfwˇZ M‡o IVv c�vUdig|
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cÖ‡Póvi Ab¨Zg †KŠkj n‡”Q †Kvqvwjkb MVb| GLv‡b wbR ^ †m±‡ii evB‡ii MÖ“‡ci mv‡_I ms‡hvM
M‡o †Zvjv nq| GKB †m±‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki †Kvqvwjkb M‡o DV‡Z †ek mgq †bq| KviY, GK c¶ Av‡iK c¶‡K
ey‡S DV‡Z, Av¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z mgq jv‡M| †Kvqvwjk‡b A‡bK mgq cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB A‡bK mgq mgvb ¶gZv I m¤ú` _v‡K
bv| ZvB G‡Z KZ©„Z¡ wb‡q †Ubkb †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †Kvqvwjkb Movi †¶‡Î Zvovûov Kiv DwPZ bq| ¯vfvweK
MwZ‡ZB Zv‡K M‡o DV‡Z †`qv `iKvi|
†Kvqvwjkb MV‡bi wKQy myweav- Amyweav wb‡P Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv⎯
myweav Amyweav
• A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡K wbw`©ó Bmy¨‡Z mg_©‡bi wfwË
evov‡bv, KviY GKvi c‡¶ hv Am¤¢e,
`kR‡bi c‡¶ Zv m¤¢e
• A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cwiPvjbvq †h †Kv‡bv cÖ‡Póvi
wbivcËv weavb K‡i
• ‡Kvqvwjk‡b `vwqZ¡ fvM K‡i Ges wewfbœ
m¤ú`‡K GKÎ K‡i we`¨gvb m¤ú`‡K evov‡bv
hvq
• A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Kg©m~wP Ges
Avw_©K kw³‡KI evovq
• bvMwiK mgvR‡K kw³kvjx K‡i, hvi d‡j
mdjZv mnR nq
• A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K¨v‡¤úB‡bi wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv,
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Ges cÖfve †Rvi`vi K‡i| hv
wew”Qbœfv‡e m¤¢e bq
• bZzb †bZ…Z¡ ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
• wb‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ mvsMVwbK Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq
mgq †`‡qv bv-I n‡Z cv‡i
• wbR †KŠkj Ges Bmy¨ m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri
Ae¯’v‡bi m‡½ Av‡cvl Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i
• ¶gZv †h‡nZz mKj †Kvqvwjkb m`‡m¨i g‡a¨
memgq mgvbfv‡e fvM nq bv, d‡j eo A_ev
abx m`m¨‡`i †ewk cÖfve _vK‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡Z
eo cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q bwZ ^xKvi ev Zvi m‡½
Av‡cvl Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i
• e¨w³MZ Kv‡Ri Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb bvI n‡Z
cv‡i
• ‡Kvqvwjkb c×wZ †f‡½ †M‡j A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi
¶wZi KviY nq, KviY G‡Z Bmy¨ I m`m¨‡`i
wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv wb‡q cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i
42
• ‰bwZK g‡bvej ˆZwi‡Z e¨w³ I
msMVb¸‡jv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i
• KvRK‡g©i cwiwa evovq
• `¶Zv, Ávb I ‡kLvi welq wewbgq Kivi
my‡hvM ˆZwi nq
• Avw_©K Aby`vb †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
Dc‡i ewY©Z myweav-Amyweav †bUIqvK© ev †KŠkjMZ cvU©bviwkc M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨|
6.1.0 ‡Kvqvwjk‡bi †kªYxwefvM
K. ’vqx⎯ ¯’vqx †Kvqvwjkb GK `j ÷vd Ges cwiPvjbv cwil` Øviv MwVZ| G‡Z wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv nq KvVv‡gvMZ I
c×wZMZfv‡e| m`m¨iv Zv‡`i wd cwi‡kva K‡i| A ’vqx I AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e ïi“ n‡q ¯’vqx †Kvqvwjk‡b cwiYZ n‡Z
`yÕeQiI jvM‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb, †UªW BDwbqb, †dWv‡ikb BZ¨vw`|
L. A ’vqx †Kvqvwjkb⎯ GKwU wbw ©ó j¶¨ ev D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b A ’vqx †Kvqvwjkb MwVZ nq| j¶¨vwR©Z n‡j †Kvqvwjkb
wejyß n‡q hvq| A‡bK mgq †Kvqvwjkb envjI _vK‡Z cv‡i, hw` Av‡iKwU j¶¨ w ’i nq|
M. AvbyôvwbK⎯ wba©vwiZ Puv`v w`‡q m`m¨iv AvbyôvwbKfv‡e †Kvqvwjk‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges bvg, wVKvbvm¤wjZ wPwV I
†Kvqvwjkb †NvlYv BZ¨vw` Øviv m`m¨ wn‡m‡e ¯xK…Z nb|
N. AbvbyôvwbK⎯ GLv‡b †Kvb Awdwmqvj m`m¨c` †bB, myZivs m`m¨ cÖwZwbqZ cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| m`m¨c`
cvwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bm y I †Kvkj cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i|
43
6.1.1 ‡Kvqvwjk‡b Ask †bIqv
wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv †Kvqvwjk‡b †hvM`v‡bi Av‡M I c‡i gvbv DwPZ⎯
• †hvM`v‡bi Av‡M ‡Kvqvwjkb Kv‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ, m`m¨ Kviv, D‡Ïk¨ Kx Ges Zv‡`i Av`k© I Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e
• Avcbvi I Avcbvi cÖwZôvb †_‡K †Kvqvwjkb Kx ai‡bi Avw_©K Ges †jvKe‡ji mg_©b Avkv K‡i Zv cwi®‹vifv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e
• ‡Kvqvwjk‡b †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ Avcbvi msMV‡bi h‡_ó mgq Ges m¤ú` Av‡Q wK bv Zv †f‡e †`L‡Z n‡e
• ‡Kvqvwjk‡b †hvM`vb K‡i Avcbvi ms ’v Kx ai‡bi my‡hvM-myweav †c‡Z cv‡i Zv mwVK fv‡e ‡ei Ki‡Z n‡e A_©vr †Kvqvwjk‡b †hvM`vb Avcbvi Rb¨ jvfRbK wK bv Ges †Kvqvwjk‡bi gva¨‡g Avcbvi j¶¨ AR©b Kivi h‡_ó my‡hvM Av‡Q wKbv Zv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e
• mfvq wbqwgZ †hvM w`‡Z n‡e, mfvq ‡hvM bv w`‡j Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Ges Aby‡iva †Kv‡bvwUi cÖwZB †Kvqvwjkb mvov †`‡e bv, A_©vr Avcwb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e †Kv‡bv wm×vš— m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZ Rvbv‡Z e¨_© n‡eb
6.1.2 Kvh©Ki †Kvqvwjkb cwiPvjbv Kiv
bZzb †Kvqvwjk‡bi cÖ_g mfv‡ZB †Kvqvwjkb MV‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges m`m¨‡`i Kv‡Q cÖZ¨vkv I Zv‡`i jvf BZ¨vw`
mvejxj I my¯úófv‡e eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K MÖ“c‡K Zv‡`i Dc ’vc‡bi Rb¨ Ges Bm y, j¶, †KŠkj m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡`i gZvgZ †`qvi Rb¨ Av‡jvP¨m~wP‡Z h‡_ó mgq eivÏ ivL‡Z n‡e| Gici wewfbœ e¨w³, msMVb I MÖ“c
†Kvqvwjk‡b †hvM`v‡b m¤§Z n‡j Gi Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡Kvqvwjkb kw³kvjx Ki‡Z Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Pvwj‡q †h‡Z wKQz civgk©⎯
• ‡Kvqvwjk‡bi cÖavb m`m¨‡`i m‡½ memgq †hvMv‡hvM ivL‡Z n‡e, Bmy¨ AR©‡b ‡Kvqvwjk‡bi KvRK‡g©i AMÖMwZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ mswk�ó welq Zv‡`i‡K AeMZ Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK ms¯’v ev m`m¨iv wbw ©ó mg‡q wewfbœ Z_¨ hv‡Z †Kvqvwjk‡b ‡`q Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY G‡¶‡Î Z_¨cªevn AZ¨š— Ri“wi
• ‡Kvqvwjkb m`m¨‡`i Ae¯’vb Ges gZ mwVKfv‡e Rvbvi R‡b¨ Zv‡`i m‡½ fv‡jv m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e
44
• ¯í‡gqvw` Ges `xN©©‡gqvw` j¶¨ c~i‡Y mKj m`‡m¨i GKg‡Z †cŠQv‡Z n‡e| D”PvKv•Lx D‡Ïk¨
Ges j¶¨ wba©viY Kiv hv‡e bv| j¶¨e¯Ë †Kvqwjk‡bi c‡¶ AR©b‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e • mvaviY bxwZ wba©vi‡Y we‡kl K‡i kw³kvjx m`m¨‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖ“c‡K nviv‡bvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K • wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †KŠk‡ji w`K †_‡K Dc-wefvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e wKš‘ GB mKj Dc-wefv‡Mi
g‡a¨ mgšq I Zv‡`i Dci wbqš¿Y _vK‡Z n‡e • Kv‡iv gb Lvivc n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e †Kvb mvsMVwbK Bmy¨ Gwo‡q Pj‡j n‡e bv, G¸‡jv mfvq
†LvjvLywj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e, g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, MYZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mgvavb m¤¢e
6.2 ‡bUIqvK©
‡Kvb mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b ‡i‡L `j, msMVb ev e¨w³i gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM, m¤úK© ’vcb, fwel¨Z cwiKíbv cÖYhb I
ev¯—evq‡bi mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g we¯Z…Z cwim‡i KvR Kivi †¶Î cÖ ‘Z‡KB †bUIqvK© e‡j| GKB KwgDwbwUi
wewfbœ mggbv As‡ki g‡a¨ mngwg©Zv I msnwZ M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶ †bUIqvK© MVb Kiv nq| †bUIqv‡K© ^vaxbZv †ekx|
d¨v·, B-‡gBj, cÖf„wZ cÖhyw³ †bUIqvwK©s‡q mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| GKRb A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kg©xi G¸‡jvi e¨envi Rvbv
Ri“wi|
6.2.0 †bUIqv‡K©i c×wZ
Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv
‡hvMv‡hvM Kiv
mggbv msMVb
wPwýZ Kiv
gZwewbgq Kiv
mgwšZ cwiKíbv
ˆZwi Kiv
45
6.2.1 †bUIqvK© ev¯—evqb Kiv
‡bUIqvK©‡K Pv½v Kivi j‡¶¨ A‡bK mgq Avcbv‡K mnvqK wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl †Ki hw`
†bUIqv‡K©i AwaKvsk m`m¨ †Zgb `¶ bv nq, ZLb Avcwb G‡¶‡Î K‡qKRb mggbv e¨w³ wb‡q KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| ’vbxq ch©v‡q mggbv AwfeveK, wk¶K, QvÎ wb‡q msNe× n‡q KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡eB KvR Ki‡Z
Ki‡Z GKwU †bUIqvK© M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i|
6.2.2 †bUIqv‡K©i Kvh©KwiZv
• D‡Ïk¨ ev¯—evqb mnR nq • Z_¨mg„× nIqv m¤¢e nq • wewfbœ w`K †_‡K D‡Ïk¨ we‡k�lY Kiv m¤¢e nq • `¶Zv ev‡o • mvsMVwbK kw³ ev‡o
‡bUIqvwK©s-Gi gva¨‡g A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi Kvh©µg‡K †Rvivj Kiv m¤¢e nq| Z‡e A‡bK mgq G‡Z mgm¨vI ˆZix nq|
†bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j wm×vš— MÖn‡Y `xN©m~ÎxZv ˆZix n‡Z cv‡i, gZwe‡iva †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| mZK©
_vK‡Z n‡e, Avcbvi msMV‡bi †cÖvdvBj †hb †bUIqvK© wejyß bv nq| Avcbvi cÖPzi mgq I kw³ hv‡Z †bUIqv‡K©B
e¨vq bv n‡q hvq †mw`‡KI ‡Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi Bmy¨ hv‡Z bxwZ wba©viK‡`i Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡Z mnvqK nq,
†bUIqvK© †mfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, GiKg yÕGKwU mxgve×Zv m‡Ë¡I bxwZ-wba©viYx †¶‡Î jwes ev Pvc
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z †bUIqvK© h‡_ó Kvh©Kix; Kvw•LZ cwjwm e`‡ji j‡¶ †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ h‡_ó djcÖm~|
6.3 ‡KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kvh©µg‡K MwZkxj I mywbw`©ó djvdj AR©b Ki‡Z ‡KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi wbe©vPb AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Bm¨y
ev¯—evq‡bi R‡b¨ we‡kl e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi wn‡m‡e A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kg©ZrciZvq m¤ú„³ Kiv nq|
bxwZ we‡k�lY cÖwµqvi mgq Bm ymswk�ó wel‡q Ges Bm y ev¯—eq‡b †K †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi n‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv hvq|
G¶‡Î Avcbv‡K gyL¨ f~wgKv wb‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| e„nËi †bUIqvK©, †Kvqvwjkb QvovI Avcwb yÕGKRb cvU©bvi‡K wb‡q
GKmv‡_ GKwU Bm y wb‡q KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GK ch©v‡q GB ¶z ª cvU©bviwk‡ci D‡`¨v‡M Ab¨vb¨ †bUIqvK©‡K
m‡½ wb‡q KvR Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, ev bZzb †bUIqvK© ev †KvqvwjKkb ev A¨vjv‡qÝ M‡o †Zvjv †h‡Z cv‡i|
46
cvU©bviwkc ev Askx`vwiZ¡ kãUvi g‡a¨B mgj‡¶¨, mgkw³i AwaKvix, mggh©v`vm¤úbœ MÖ“c ev msMV‡bi HK¨e×
nIqv‡K †evSvq| cvU©bviwkc mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GK GKwU cvU©bvi GK GKwU wel‡q Ae`vb ivL‡e|
D`vniY ^iƒc⎯ †Kvb GbwRI‡K †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv‡Z †m †Kvqvwjk‡bi D‡`¨v³v‡`i e¨vsK FY
cvIqvi †¶‡Î Rvwgb`vi n‡Z cv‡i| Av‡iK cvU©bvi Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i M‡elYv I cÖwk¶Y cÖ`v‡b| Av‡iK cvU©bvi
ivL‡Z cv‡i AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b|
6.3.1 ‡KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi wbe©vP‡b hv we‡ePbv Kiv `iKvi
Bm¨y ev¯—evq‡bi †¶‡Î bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Kg©ZrciZv Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi wbe©vP‡b
memgq wKQy welq ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ| †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi wbev©P‡b K‡qKwU wel‡q we‡klfv‡e j¶¨
ivLv `iKvi| †hgb⎯
• GKB Bmy¨ wb‡q †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb Av‡M ev eZ©gv‡b KvR Ki‡Q wK bv ev Bmy¨ m¤ú‡K© Kviv Rv‡b Zv wPwýZ Kiv
• wbw ©ó Bmy¨‡Z †K KZUyKz f~wgKv ivL‡e Zv wePvi Kiv • wbw ©ó Bmy¨ m¤ú‡K© cvU©bv‡ii aviYv cwi®‹vi wK bv Zv †evSv • Kxfv‡e †m GB Bmy¨‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡e Zv wbw`©ó Kiv • cvi¯úwiK Pvwn`v¸‡jv Kx Kx Zv cwi®‹vi nIqv `iKvi • ‡h j‡¶¨ KvR Kiv n‡”Q Zvi m‡½ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i Ggb Av‡iv e¨w³, MÖ“c ev
msMVb i‡q‡Q wK bv Zv †`Lv
A‡bK Lvivc e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb Zvi cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm Kvh©µ‡g cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i wb‡Ri ¯^v_© D×vi Ki‡Z
cv‡i| G‡`i Ae ’vbI mgv‡R cvKv‡cv³| myZivs †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi wbe©vP‡bi mgq Avcbvi D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ m¤ú~Y©
GKgZ, Ggb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K wbev©Pb Kiv DwPZ, hv Kvh©µg mdjfv‡e ev¯—evq‡bi †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z
cv‡i|
6.3.2 ‡KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi‡K Bmy¨i c‡¶ Avbvi †KŠkj
47
‡KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi‡K wb‡Ri c‡¶ Avbvi †¶‡Î wKQy welq ‡g‡b Pjv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb⎯
• Bmy¨ I A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi D‡Ïk¨ Kx Zv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cwi®‹vi Kiv • Bmy¨ wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mieivn Kiv • D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q gy‡LvgywL Av‡jvPbv Kiv • Bmy¨wU †Kb ¸i“Z¡c~Y Zvi c‡¶ †Rviv‡jv hyw³ Zz‡j aiv • Bmy¨i m‡½ Avi Kviv Av‡Q Zv‡`i cwiPq ‡`Iqv • Bmy¨i m‡½ m¤úwK©Z gvby‡li AwaKvi I Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv • cÖ‡qvR‡b Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv ‡`Iqv • A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm cwiKíbv ‰Zwi K‡i ‡`Iqv • cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g `¶Zv e„w× Kiv
GKv GKRb e¨w³ ev msMV‡bi c‡¶ me KvR Kiv m¤¢e bvI n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB, †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi‡K ivRx Kwi‡q
KvR¸‡jv fvM K‡i GwM‡q †bqv m¤¢e| Gfv‡e †KŠkjMZ cvU©bvi m„wó K‡i Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek‡K Av‡iv mnR K‡i †Zvjv
hvq|
†Km ÷vwW: Bgb, ÔwcÖq`wk©bxÕ-i gvwjK, Nvwlcvov, w`bvRcyi
Bgb Zvi evevi evwo‡Z †QvU GKwU KviLvbv K‡i‡Qb| cuvP eQi hver KviLvbvwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| †mBmv‡_ cÖwk¶bI
w`‡”Qb †g‡q‡`i Zvi KviLvbvq Ges wewfbœ GbwRI‡Z| Zvi KviLvbvq kvwo, mvjIqvi KvwgR, dZzqv, cvÄvex, †MwćZ
wewfbœ ai‡bi GgeªqWvwi, e�K, evwUK wcÖ›U Kiv nq| †mjvB, GgeªqWvwii KviLvbv evwoi bxPZjvi GKwU eo i“‡g
Kiv nq Avi e�K, evwU‡Ki KvR evwoi Qv‡`i Dci Kiv nq| Qv‡`i Dci Pzjv Av‡Q, eo eo gvwUi nvwo Av‡Q, Av‡iv
wewfbœ miÄvg Av‡Q e�K, evwU‡Ki KvR Kivi Rb¨| bxPZjvi i“‡g 6 Uv †mjvB †gwkb Av‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU
B‡jKwUªK BwÛqvb GgeªqWvwi †gwkb, GKwU wm½vi B‡jKwUªK †c�b †mjvB †gwkb, evwK¸‡jv Kg`vgx †mjvB †gwkb|
Bgb w`bvRcyi miKvix K‡j‡R gv÷vm© dvBbv‡j c‡ob|
hLb C` ev c~Rv mvg‡b _v‡K ZLb Zvi KviLvbvh 10/12 Rb Kg©x KvR K‡i| Kg©x‡`i G‡KKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ KvR †kl
nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ gRywi cwi‡kva Kiv nq| gRywi Rvgv cÖwZ nvjKv †_‡K fvix GgeªqWvwii R‡b¨ 80 UvKv †_‡K 300
UvKv ch©š— n‡q _v‡K| C` , c~Rv Qvov Ab¨ mgq KviLvbvq Kg©x _v‡K 5/6 Rb| Kg©xiv A‡b‡K ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri QvÎx,
48
Avevi A‡b‡K wewfbœ Kvi‡b gvSc‡_ †jLvcov †Q‡o w`‡q GLv‡b KvR wkL‡Q Ges Avq Ki‡Q| Bgb AvBwU wWwR †_‡K
cÖwk¶b wb‡qwQ‡jb| GLb wZwb wewfbœ GbwRI‡Z cªwk¶b †`b|
evwU‡Ki Pvwn`vUv GKUz Kg, wKš‘ e�‡Ki Pvwn`vUv †ekx| evwU‡K LiPUv GKUz †ekx c‡o| evwU‡Ki g‡a¨ Avevi Kuv_v
w÷P K‡i †bq †µZviv| wewfbœ GbwRI Zv‡K gv‡S gv‡S cÖwk¶b †`qvi Rb¨ Wv‡K| ZLb wZwb 15/16 R‡bi e¨vP K‡i
1/2 mßvn †Uªwbs †`b| †mBme cÖwk¶b cÖvßiv, hv‡`i †ekxifvMB QvÎx, cÖvqB Bg‡bi KviLvbvq Av‡m| Zv‡`i g‡a¨
hv‡`i mv‡_ Bg‡bi m¤úK© fvj , Zv‡`i wZwb wjd‡jU †`b 25/50 Uv K‡i| Zviv †m¸wj wewfbœ ¯‹zj K‡j‡R wM‡q
QvÎQvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ wewj K‡i| GBfv‡e Zvi cÖPvi KvR P‡j| †µZviv mivmwi KviLvbvq G‡m cQ›`gZ cY¨ wK‡b wb‡q
hvb| ZvQvov c~Rv I C‡`i Av‡M gvBwKs K‡i _v‡Kb| mvg‡b ˆekvLx †gjvq wZwb ÷j wb‡eb| Zvi Rb¨ GLb †cvlvK
ˆZixi KvR Pj‡Q| XvKvq wM‡q wZwb gv‡S gv‡S Kvco I K¨vUvjM wb‡q Av‡mb|
‡`vKv‡b wiwµ Ki‡Z †M‡j jvf Lye Kg _v‡K, ZvQvov UvKvUv †c‡Z †`ix nq| wKš— KviLvbvh hviv KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i
gRywi †`qv nq GKUv KvR †kl nIqvi mv‡_ mv_| Avi KviLvbvq mivmwi †µZvi Kv‡Q wewµ Ki‡j jvf †ekx , UvKvI
bM`| w`bvRcy‡ii evRv‡i fviZxq †cvlv‡Ki mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvMxZv K‡i wewµ Ki‡Z nq| H¸wji Kvc‡oi gvb Lvivc,
wKš— Kvjvi Kw¤^‡bkb Lye fvj| ZvB †m¸‡jv fvj wewµ nq|
w`bvRcy‡i Bg‡bi gZ Av‡iv K‡qKRb ¶z`ª D‡`¨v³v Av‡Qb| ZvivI ¶z`ª AvKv‡i †cvlvK ˆZwii KviLvbv M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb|
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB Bg‡bi †P‡q A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K GB e¨emv K‡i Avm‡Qb| Zv‡`iI GKB iKg mgm¨v Av‡Q, hvi
g‡a¨ evRviRvZKiY Ab¨Zg| ZvB Bgb Zv‡`i K‡qKR‡bi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU MÖ“c MV‡bi †Póv Pvjvb| Zvi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj, K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v mw¤§wjZfv‡e evRviRvZKi‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bqv| Bg‡bi GKvi c‡¶ †h‡nZz GKUv †`vKvb
†Kbv m¤¢e bq, ZvB hw` K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v mw¤§wjZfv‡e GKUv weµq †K› ª †Lvjv hvq Z‡e wecb‡b Av‡bK myweav
n‡e| Zviv ’vbxq K‡qKwU GbwRIÕi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib mn‡hvMxZvi R‡b¨| GKwU GbwRI Zv‡`i mn‡hvMxZvq
GwM‡q Av‡m| Zviv GKwU weµq †K›`ª Ly‡j †`q Zv‡`i †`qv bv‡g| Zviv e‡j †h Zv‡`i †`qv cybf©ev bv‡g Zv‡`i
mevB‡K †cvlvK wewµ Ki‡Z n‡e Avi Zv‡`i weµq †K‡›`ªi fvov w`‡Z n‡e| D‡`¨v³viv mevB ivRx nb| wKQzw`b †ek
fvjB e¨emv P‡j| Zvici †`Lv hvq MÖ“‡ci yB GKRb `vex †Zv‡jb †h Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi Avjv`v Avjv`v
bv‡g †cvlvK wewµ Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i hyw³ wQj †h MÖ“‡ci Ab¨‡`i †P‡q Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i gvb fvj, wKš‘ †µZviv
Zv‡`i cY¨ Avjv`v K‡i wPb‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZLb Ab¨iv G‡Z AvcwË Rvbvq | Zviv e‡j ‡h Zv‡`i ˆZix †cvlv‡Ki gvb
†Kvbfv‡eB wbgœ gv‡bi bq| GB ؇›`i Kvi‡Y †kl ch©š— Zv‡`i MÖ“cwU †f‡½ hvq|
cywRi Afv‡e e¨vemvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv hv‡”Q bv hw`I h‡_ó fvj wbcyb KvwiMi Av‡Q wKš‘ †gwkb †Kbvi ev †`vKvb †Kbvi
gZ Avw_©K mvg_© Bg‡bi ‡bB| F‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb Kg©ms ’vb e¨vs‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zviv e‡j‡Q †h, evwo eÜK ivL‡Z
49
n‡e| wZwb Ges Zvi gv GZeo SzwK wb‡Z ivwR bb| ZvQvov weKí wn‡m‡e Zviv Mnbv eÜK w`‡Z e‡j‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡ZI
Bgb I Zvi weaev gv ksKv †eva K‡ib|
wZwb Avjdvjvn bvgK GKwU GbwRI †_‡K †gwkb †Kbvi Rb¨ 10 nvRvi UvKv FY wb‡qwQ‡jb| †mUv m‡egvÎ †kva
n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b 600 UvKv m‡qi ci Zviv 10 nvRvi UvKv FY w`‡qwQj †Kvb eÜK Qvov| Bg‡bi k¦ï‡ii GKUv ‰Zwi
†cvlv‡Ki †`vKvb Av‡Q | wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h, Drcv`b †ekx Ki‡Z cvi‡j ZLb wZwb Zvi †`vKv‡b wewµi e¨ve ’v K‡i
†`‡eb| †mLv‡b hw`I fviZxq †cvlvK _vK‡e Z‡e Zvi †P‡q Kvc‡oi gvb Ges `v‡gi w`K w`q Bgb GwM‡q _vK‡eb|
Avi †µZv‡`i g‡a¨ Zvi mybvg Av‡Q|
w`bvRcy‡ii evRv‡i fviZxq †cvlv‡Ki mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j †cvlv‡Ki Kvjvi Kw¤^‡bk‡bi Dci
D‡`¨v³v‡`i cÖwk¶b †`qv Ri“ix| fviZxq m~Zx kvwoi PvB‡Z Avgv‡`i m~Zx kvwoi Kvc‡oi gvb fvj Z‡e Zv‡`i
wcÖ‡›Ui A‡bK †ekx ˆewPÎ Av‡Q Avi Kvjvi Kw¤^‡bkb fvj| Bgb GKevi XvKvi ¸jkv‡b GK †`vKv‡b Kvco w`‡qwQj
wKš— Zv‡`i †c‡g›U †c‡Z A‡bK †`ix nq e‡j Avi †`qwb| Z‡e XvKvi evRv‡iI Zvi Kvc‡oi Pvwn`v Av‡Q e‡j XvKvi
†`vKvb gvwjK Rvwb‡qwQj, `iKvi wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM ivLv|
