Adjective & Adverb Unit 3 Signs & Directions 职通英语 综合教程① Career Express English.
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Transcript of Adjective & Adverb Unit 3 Signs & Directions 职通英语 综合教程① Career Express English.
Adjective & Adverb
Unit 3 Signs & Directions
职通英语 综合教程①Career Express English
Content
Adjective1
2
333
Comparison and comparative construction
3
2 Adverb2222
Practice4
3
Adjective
Definition
Classification of adjectives
Adjective as modifier in noun phrases
Adjective as complement
4
1. Definition
An adjective is a kind of word (a part of speech) that modifies (describes) a noun. An adjective is a word that gives more information about the noun that goes with it.
Adjective
That's an interesting idea. That idea is interesting. Tell me something interesting.
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2. Classification of adjectives
one-word adjectives
Adjective
one free morpheme: big, good, hard, round, square
one free morpheme plus a prefix or a suffix or both: lovely, economic, Spanish, impossible, unkind, disloyal, multimedia, voiceless, instructive, unthinkable
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2. Classification of adjectives
one-word adjectives
Adjective
Adjective suffix:
-able desirable reasonable considerable
-al personal national natural
-ous dangerous continuous famous
-ive creative attractive talkative
-ic electronic optimistic characteristic
-ful hopeful grateful wonderful-ly lonely lovely friendly costly likely
-ent different confident frequent
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2. Classification of adjectives
compound adjectives
Adjective
adjective + adjective: bitter-sweet ( 甜苦参半的 ) , deaf-mute ( 聋哑的 )
adjective/adverb + -ing participle: good-looking, easy-going ( 随和的 ), hard-working
adjective/adverb + -ed participle: newly-born, well-known
noun + adjective: grass-green ( 草绿色的 ), duty-free ( 免税的 )noun + -ing participle: ocean-going( 远洋航行的 ), law-abiding ( 守法的 )
noun + -ed participle: hand-madeadjective + noun + -ed: kind-hearted( 仁慈的 ), absent-minded ( 健忘的,心不在焉的 )
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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases Premodifier
Adjective
He is a tall man.It’s a beautiful present.The red pencil is mine.
Adjectives usually appear after the determiner and before the headword.
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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases Premodifier
Adjective
a well-known German medical schoolan interesting little red French oil painting
When two or more premodifying adjectives appear on different levels, their normal order is like this: (determiner) ─ adjective denoting the speaker’s evaluation ─ adjective denoting size, shape, age ─ adjective denoting colour ─ adjective denoting nationality, origin, material ─ adjective denoting use or purpose ─ noun head
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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases postmodifier
Adjective
There is something wrong with the watch.Is there anything special?There is nothing new.
Sometimes adjectives may take a post-head position. This normally occurs when the headword is a some- / any- / no- compound.
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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases postmodifier
Adjective
The man awake at that time was Mr. Smith.
Adjectives with a- as prefix, such as afraid, alive, alike, asleep, awake, cannot be placed before a noun as premodifier, but they can be used as postmodifier.
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4. Adjective as complement
As subject complement
Adjective
The cake tastes delicious. He looks very tired.
Link verbs: be , become, get, prove, get, turn, look, sound, feel, taste, smell 等。
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4. Adjective as complement
As object complement
Adjective
Running in the morning makes him strong.We think the film really interesting.Who has left the door open?I found her asleep on the grass.
subject + predicate + object + adjective (as object complement).
Translation: 请保持教室清洁。
我觉得这个故事很有趣。Please keep the classroom clean.
I found the story interesting.
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Adverb
Definition
Classification of adverbs
Chief uses of adverbs
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1. Definition
Adverb
Adverbs are a word class that chiefly functions as modifying elements, but what is modified by an adverb is normally a verb, an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction or another adverb.
I can hardly believe what he said. I am very happy to be with you.
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2. Classification of adverbs
Adverb
Adverbs of time ( now, then, soon, early, ago)Adverbs of frequency ( usually, never, sometimes)Adverbs of place ( here, home, near, above)Adverbs of manner (quickly, hard, suddenly)Adverbs of degree ( much, almost, very, hardly)Interrogative adverbs ( when, where, how, why)Relative adverbs (when, where, why)Conjunctive adverbs (why, how, if, whether, when)
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3. Chief uses of adverbs
Adverbs as modifier in phrases
Adverb
They completely ignored my views. He had an unusually deep voice.He drives extremely carelessly.There’s the house right in front of you.It takes quite some time.
Obviously there’s much to do.
Recently they had an accident.
Adverbs as adverbial in clauses or sentences
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Comparison and comparative construction
Regular comparison
Irregular comparison
Comparative construction
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1. Regular comparison
Comparison and comparative construction
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词末尾加 -er,-est tall taller tallest
以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少数以 - le 结尾的双音节词只加 -r,-st
nice nicer nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -er,-est
big bigger biggest
" 以辅音字母 +y" 结尾的双音节词,改y 为 i ,再加 -er , -est
busy busier busiest
少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加 -er,-est
clever cleverer cleverest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more , most 来构成比较级和最高级
important more important
most important
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2. Irregular comparison
good/well ---better---best
bad/ill --- worse---worst
many/much ---more---most
little ---less---least
far--farther/further--farthest/furthest
Comparison and comparative construction
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3. Comparative construction
Comparison and comparative construction
as … as
He is as excited as his younger sister.The horse can’t run as fast as it did.
Translation: 我和她一样勤奋。
I am as diligent as she is.
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3. Comparative construction
Comparison and comparative construction
主语 1+ 谓动 +(much/less) + 形 / 副比较级 +than+ 主语 2…
A modern train is much faster than a car.I think English is less difficult than math.
Translation: 这间房子比那间房子大。
这本书不如那本书有趣。This room is bigger than that one.
This book is less interesting than that one.
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3. Comparative construction
Comparison and comparative construction
The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语… , the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语…
The busier he is, the happier he feels.The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back.
Translation: 你越努力,进步就越快。
The harder you work, the more progress you will get.
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3. Comparative construction
Comparison and comparative construction
more A than B 与其说是 B ,不如说是 A
He is more good than bad.He is more lucky than clever.
Translation: 他有勇无谋。
He is more brave than wise.
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3. Comparative construction
Comparison and comparative construction
… 倍数 + 比较级 +than…
… 倍数 +as+ 形容词 / 副词 +as
… 倍 数 +the+ 名 词 ( 常 用 size, height, depth, length, age) +of
The river is three times longer than that one.
The ship is twice as wide as that one.
This river is 3 times the length of that one.
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3. Comparative construction
Comparison and comparative construction
主语 + 谓动 +(the) + 形 / 副最高级 +in / of ….
The Changjiang River is the longest in
China.
He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).
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Homework
Review and try to make sentences by using the
comparative construction.
Review and try to make sentences by using the
comparative construction.
Thank You!
《职通英语》Career Express English