http://http://www.hieuhoc.comwww.hieuhoc.comCollocation in ship’s Collocation in ship’s

correspondencecorrespondence

By: Pham Cong TaiBy: Pham Cong Tai

Class: NA604Class: NA604

Supervisor: Trinh Van Supervisor: Trinh Van Sach.MASach.MA

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Designs of the studyDesigns of the study

•Introduction Introduction

•Development Development

•Conclusion Conclusion

IntroductionIntroduction

•RationaleRationale

• Aims of the studyAims of the study

•Scope of the studyScope of the study

•Methods of the studyMethods of the study

•Designs of the studyDesigns of the study

RationaleRationale

• Sentence be shorter and Sentence be shorter and communicated more naturallycommunicated more naturally

• Make the sentences priciest Make the sentences priciest

• Can not be combined at random Can not be combined at random

Ex: Ex: DoDo: : a crossword, a damagea crossword, a damage, , your your homework, translationhomework, translation

MakeMake: : an appointment, the bed, a cake, an appointment, the bed, a cake, dinner, a guessdinner, a guess

• Career reasonCareer reason

Aims of the studyAims of the study

•Clarify the importance of Clarify the importance of Collocation Collocation

•My peers' awareness of CollocationMy peers' awareness of Collocation

Scope of the studyScope of the study

• Letters concerning damage to the shipLetters concerning damage to the ship

• Adjective + NounAdjective + Noun• Verb + NounVerb + Noun• Noun + VerbNoun + Verb• Noun + NounNoun + Noun• Preposition + NounPreposition + Noun• Noun + Preposition Noun + Preposition • Adverb + VerbAdverb + Verb• Verb + Preposition Verb + Preposition • Verb + Adjective Verb + Adjective • Adverb + Adjective Adverb + Adjective • Adjective + PrepositionAdjective + Preposition

Methods of the studyMethods of the study

• Collecting information Collecting information

• Researching letters Researching letters

• Finding out Collocation Finding out Collocation

• Ranging and ratting Ranging and ratting

• Chapter 1. Theoretical backgroundChapter 1. Theoretical background

• Chapter 2: “Collocations in Letters Chapter 2: “Collocations in Letters concerning damage to ship”concerning damage to ship”

development

Chapter 1. Theoretical backgroundChapter 1. Theoretical background

A. Definition of “collocationA. Definition of “collocation””

• CollocationCollocation • The importance of “Collocation”The importance of “Collocation”• How many types are there in How many types are there in

“Collocations”?“Collocations”?

B. B. Defining “Ship's correspondence”?Defining “Ship's correspondence”?

CollocationCollocation

• ‘‘Weak collocation’: Weak collocation’: see a filmsee a film

• ‘‘Medium strength’: Medium strength’: see a doctorsee a doctor

• ‘‘Stronger collocation’: Stronger collocation’:

see danger/reason/the point.see danger/reason/the point.

Dictionary meaning

English Collocation

Vietnamese equivalent

Tough=

Kh«ng nh îng bé

Tough guy

Tough meatTough soldier

Tough question

Tough journey

Tough enemyTough measure

Chµng trai m¹nh mÏ, dÎo daiThÞt daiNg êi lÝnh bÊt khuÊt-kiªn c êngC©u hái hãc bóa-khã nh»n

Cuéc hµnh tri`nh vÊt va gian nanKÎ thï ngoan cèGØai ph¸p cøng r¾n

The importance of The importance of “Collocation”“Collocation”

• Bring language production closer to Bring language production closer to native speaker normsnative speaker norms

• Saves time and effort to express Saves time and effort to express ourselvesourselves

• Ex: Ex: - This is a good book and contains a lot - This is a good book and contains a lot

of interesting details.of interesting details. - This is a fascinating book and contains - This is a fascinating book and contains

a wealth of historical detaila wealth of historical detail..

Sub-types of “Collocations”Sub-types of “Collocations”

• Adjective + NounAdjective + Noun: : bright/harsh/intense/strong bright/harsh/intense/strong lightlight..

• Verb + NounVerb + Noun: : cast/emit/give/provide/shed lightcast/emit/give/provide/shed light• Noun + VerbNoun + Verb: : light gleams/glows/shineslight gleams/glows/shines• Noun + NounNoun + Noun: : a light sourcea light source• Preposition + NounPreposition + Noun: : by the light of the moonby the light of the moon• Noun + PrepositionNoun + Preposition: : the light from the windowthe light from the window• Adverb + VerbAdverb + Verb: : choose carefullychoose carefully• Verb + PrepositionVerb + Preposition: : choosechoose between ship and between ship and

vesselvessel• Verb + AdjectiveVerb + Adjective: : make/keep/declare the cargo make/keep/declare the cargo

safesafe• Adverb + AdjectiveAdverb + Adjective: : perfectly/entirely/ perfectly/entirely/

environmentally safeenvironmentally safe• Adjective + PrepositionAdjective + Preposition: : safe from attack.safe from attack.

Defining “Ship's Defining “Ship's correspondence”correspondence”

• The communication of ships with each The communication of ships with each other or with stevedoring companies, or other or with stevedoring companies, or the ship’s owners, or the owners of the the ship’s owners, or the owners of the cargoes. cargoes.

• Sub-types of ship’s correspondenceSub-types of ship’s correspondence- Letter concerning to damage to cargoLetter concerning to damage to cargo- Letter concerning to damage to the shipLetter concerning to damage to the ship- Letter of complaintLetter of complaint- Letter concerning other ship's affairsLetter concerning other ship's affairs- Sea protestsSea protests- Radiograms.Radiograms.

Chapter 2: “Collocations in Letters Chapter 2: “Collocations in Letters concerning damage to ship”concerning damage to ship”

1.1. Collocation tablesCollocation tables

2.2. Main findingsMain findings

1. Dates Collocation1. Dates Collocation

• Table 1 - Table 1 - Adjective + Noun Adjective + Noun andand Verb + Adjective Verb + Adjective collocationcollocation

• Table 2 - Table 2 - Verb + NounVerb + Noun and and Noun + Verb Noun + Verb collocation collocation

• Table 3 - Table 3 - Noun + preposition Noun + preposition and and Preposition + nounPreposition + noun collocation collocation

• Table 4 - Table 4 - Adverb + Verb Adverb + Verb and and Noun + NounNoun + Noun collocation collocation

• Table 5 - Table 5 - Adjective + Preposition Adjective + Preposition and and Adverb + Adverb + Adjective Adjective collocation collocation

• Table 6 - Table 6 - Verb + Preposition Verb + Preposition collocation collocation

Table 5 - Table 5 - Adjective + Adjective + Preposition Preposition and and Adverb + Adverb + Adjective Adjective collocation collocation

Adjective Adjective

+ Preposition+ Preposition Adverb Adverb

+ Adjective+ Adjective

responsiblresponsible e

forfor fullyfully responsiblresponsible e

responsiblresponsible e

ForFor fullyfully responsiblresponsible e

responsiblresponsible e

forfor

ableable toto

2. 2. Main findingsMain findings

* Collocations concerning * Collocations concerning

damagedamage

* Collocations concerning * Collocations concerning solutionsolution

In Table 2 - Verb + Noun and Noun + Verb

59/97 collocations concerning to damage collocations concerning to damage and solution to damage and solution to damage (61%)

Verb + Noun 21/43 (49%) and Noun + Verb 38/54 (71%). Mostly foundMostly found verbs break (with hatch board, worker, block of derrick, guy), damage (with electric lights, electric cable, barrel, derrick, ship, shipment, pier, tube, wooden granting)And nouns: foreman (with promise, inform, help), surveyor (with carry-out , send, estimate), repair (with concern about, concern, arrange)

Verb + nounVerb + noun Noun + verbNoun + verb

suffersuffer damage damage pier pier damage damage

sustain sustain damage damage derrick derrick damage damage

tear off tear off ship ship tanker tanker strike strike

take care take care repairing repairing tube tube damage damage

send send surveyor surveyor shipment shipment damage damage

Table 4 - Table 4 - Adverb + Verb Adverb + Verb and and Noun + NounNoun + Noun 16/47 collocations concerning to 16/47 collocations concerning to damage and solution to damage damage and solution to damage (34% ) (34% )

9/9 (100%) in 9/9 (100%) in Adverb + Verb Adverb + Verb mostly found verbs: damage (with mostly found verbs: damage (with suddenly, slightly, seriously, suddenly, slightly, seriously, completelycompletely), and adverb kindly ), and adverb kindly (with (with note, asknote, ask). ).

7/38 (18,42%) in 7/38 (18,42%) in Noun + Noun.Noun + Noun. stevedoringstevedoring and and companycompany are most are most common.common.

Adverb + VerbAdverb + Verb Noun + NounNoun + Noun

suddenly suddenly swing swing dust dust damage damage

suddenly suddenly tear tear sea sea protest protest

slightly slightly damage damage stevedores stevedores agent agent

seriously seriously damage damage stevedorinstevedoring g

company company

kindly kindly note note stevedorinstevedoring g

company company

kindly kindly ask ask stevedorinstevedoring g

company company

fully fully account account stevedorinstevedoring g

company company

finally finally repair repair

completely completely damage damage

conclusionconclusion

•Overview of the studyOverview of the study

•Suggestions for further studySuggestions for further study