7 吕智超-ssd101
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Transcript of 7 吕智超-ssd101
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Flash & SSD 101Zhichao Lv
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What is Flash• Obviously, The Flash we are talking about here is
not an Player.
• Here, Flash is short for Flash Memory
• Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer storage media that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
• Introduced by Toshiba in 1984
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What is Flash• Flash Memory uses Floating-gate(FG) transistor
• Categorized by the types of FG:
• NOR( ) Flash
• NAND( ) Flash
• Today, When we talk about Flash, mostly it refers to NAND Flash.
• NOR Flash ,
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Flash Cell
• Flash (NAND Flash)
• Flash .(NAND Flash)
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Flash Cell
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Flash Cell
• SLC: Single-Level Cell 1bit (0,1)
• MLC:Multi-Level Cell 2bit(00,01,10,11)
• TLC:Triple-Level Cell, And you got the idea.
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Flash Cell
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Flash Media •
• Cell
• Page/ (8KB 16KB , Cell ,16KB )
• Block/ (256 512 ,4~8MB)
• Die/Lun/ (1024~4096 ,4GB~16GB)
• Package/ (4 8 , 16GB~128GB)
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Flash Media
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Flash Media • Read/ , , 0, 1.
Page/ (16KB) 40~80us
• Write/Program/ , ,(One Way). : Page/
(16KB) 0.5~2ms
• Erase/ , Program Page, Program (Dirty->Clear),
. :Block/ (4MB) 1~4ms
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Flash Media
It’s me
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Flash Media
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Flash Media
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Cell
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Cell
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Cell
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Cell
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Flash Cell • Erase ,
( )
• Erase
• Cell —>Cell
• Cell Cell ,Cell Erase
• Flash P/E Cycle (Program/Erase)
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Flash Cell • MLC
• P/E Cycle:5000
• P/E Cycle Flash Media .
• P/E Cycle, Flash (WA,WL)
• Flash Media Flash Media
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Flash
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Flash
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Flash •
• Flash ,.
• , .
• P/E Cycle=0 10
• P/E Cycle 5000 3
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Flash •
• Flash ,.
• , .
• P/E Cycle=0 10
• P/E Cycle 5000 3
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Flash
• U
• U
• U
•
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Flash • SSD is short for Solid State Disk
• Flash Media
• Don’t Panic!
• Flash Flash Media
• Driver/FW( )
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Flash • SSD is short for Solid State Disk
• Flash Media
• Don’t Panic!
• Flash Flash Media
• Driver/FW( )
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Flash • FTL: Flash Translation Layer
• Intel
• Mapping Table + Flash Media
•
• ( )
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Flash
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FTL,RAID,OP,GC,WL
• Mapping Table
• ,
• DRAM
•
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FTL,RAID,OP,GC,WL
•
• RAID
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FTL,RAID,GC,WL
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FTL,RAID,OP,GC,WL• OP
• OP , Flash ,
• GC, WL
•
• ,
• ,
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA
1 A1
2 A2
3 A3
4 A4
5 B1
6 B2
7 B3
8 B4
9 C1
10 C2
11 C3
12 C4
OverProvision
page
block
Physical Capacity = 16pageUser Capacity = 12page OP = 25%
FTL(Flash Translation Layer)Simple SSD
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 A1 xa
2 A2 xb
3 A3 xc
4 A4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
xa xb
xc xd
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
Whole Disk Write
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 A1->D1 xa ->ya
2 A2 xb
3 A3 xc
4 A4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
xa xb
xc xd
LBA 1 xa -> ya
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 A2->D2 xb->yb
3 A3 xc
4 A4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
xa xb
xc xd
yb
LBA 2 xb -> yb
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 A3->D3 xc->yc
4 A4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
xa xb
xc xd
yb
yc
LBA 3xc -> yc
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 A4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
xa xb
xc xd
yb
yc
LBA 5 xe -> ye
LBA 5 xe -> ye
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 A4 xd
5 B1->D4 xe->ye
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
xa xb
xc xd
yb
yc ye
OP free block
LBA 5 xe -> ye (error)
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 A4->D4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
xa xb
xc xd
yb
yc xd
54321
life(A)=5 life(B)=5 life(C)=5 life(D)=5
54321
54321
54321
Garbage Collection
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 D4 xd
5 B1 xe
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
yb
yc xd
4321
life(A)=4 life(B)=5 life(C)=5 life(D)=5
54321
54321
54321
OverProvision
Garbage Collection
GC free block
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 D4 xd
5 B1->A1 xe->ye
6 B2 xf
7 B3 xg
8 B4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
yb
yc xd
4321
life(A)=4 life(B)=5 life(C)=5 life(D)=5
ye
Host write = 16 pageFlash write = 17 page = 1.0625 (Write Amplifier)
54321
54321
54321
LBA 5 xe -> ye
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 D4 xd
5 A1 ye
6 B2->A2 xf
7 B3->A3 xg
8 B4->A4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
ya
xe xf
xg xh
xi xj
xk xl
yb
yc xd
4321
life(A)=4 life(B)=5 life(C)=5 life(D)=5
ye54321
54321
54321
xf
xg xh
LBA 1 ya -> za
LBA 1 ya -> za
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A1 A2
A3 A4
B1 B2
B3 B4
C1 C2
C3 C4
D1 D2
D3 D4
LBA PBA Data
1 D1 ya
2 D2 yb
3 D3 yc
4 D4 xd
5 A1 ye
6 A2 xf
7 A3 xg
8 A4 xh
9 C1 xi
10 C2 xj
11 C3 xk
12 C4 xl
yaxi xj
xk xl
yb
yc xd
4321
life(A)=4 life(B)=4 life(C)=5 life(D)=5
ye
4321
54321
54321
xf
xg xh
Wear Leveling
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FTL,RAID,OP,GC,WL• GC/WL
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Thx.
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Q&A