7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf ·...
Transcript of 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf ·...
![Page 1: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7-2E. Photonic crystals
Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~shalaev/
Univ Central Florida, CREOL, Prof Kik, http://sharepoint.optics.ucf.edu/kik/OSE6938I/Handouts/Forms/AllItems.aspx
![Page 2: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3-D
Λ2-D
1-D
![Page 3: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Consider a two-dimensional photonic crystalp y
![Page 10: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bloch theorem
![Page 14: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bloch theorem
![Page 15: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bloch theorem
![Page 16: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bloch theorem
![Page 17: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bloch theorem
![Page 18: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bloch theorem
![Page 19: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Photonic BandstructureDispersion curve = Photonic band structure
Photonic Bandstructure
B d #2Bandgap #2
S diBandgap (no transmission) Standing wavevgroup=0
Long wavelengthlimit: effective indexlimit: effective index
![Page 20: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Dispersion curve = Photonic band structure
![Page 21: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Remind the Dispersion Curve of Slab Waveguide
Dispersion curve = Photonic band structure
Remind the Dispersion Curve of Slab Waveguide
Because guiding modes redistribute themselves with
Band structure
frequency, for small ω, the dispersion curve of guiding modes approaches the cladding line;
For large ω, it approaches theFor large ω, it approaches the core line.
![Page 22: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Dispersion curve = Photonic band structure
![Page 23: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Photonic band gap
Origin of Photonic Band Gap (PBG)
Light in 1-D photonic crystal
Origin of Photonic Band Gap (PBG)
H L H L H L
![Page 24: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Photonic band gap
![Page 25: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
B R fl ti
Photonic band gap
Bragg Reflection
2 ( )B Bnd Sinλ θ= ⋅2k π π
~ 2B dλ BB
kdλ
= =
![Page 26: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
B Diff ti
Photonic band gap
Bragg Diffraction
Wavelength does not correspond to the period
Reflected waves are not in phase
Wavelength corresponds to the period.
R fl t d i h Reflected waves are not in phase.
Wave propagates through.Reflected waves are in phase.
Wave does not propagate inside.
![Page 27: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Electron Energy gapPhotonic band gap
Electron Energy gap
2h 2
2E k
m=h
Gap in energy spectra of electrons arises in periodic structureGap in energy spectra of electrons arises in periodic structure
![Page 28: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PBG formationPhotonic band gap
1. Dispersion curve for free space 3. At the band edges, standing waves form, with the energy being either in the high or the low index regions
2. In a periodic system, when half the
aka πλ ==2
p ywavelength corresponds to the periodicity
the Bragg effect prohibits photon4. Standing waves transport no energy
the Bragg effect prohibits photon propagation.
with zero group velocity
![Page 29: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dispersion relation
Dispersion curve = Photonic band structure
Dispersion relationhi h i d t i ln1: high index material
n2: low index material4. Standing waves transport no energy with zero group velocityω
n1 n2 n1 n1 n1n2 n2standing wave in n2Air band
bandgapStop band bandgap
standing wave in n1
p
Dielectric band
0 π/a
g 1Dielectric band
kπ/a
![Page 30: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dispersion Relation
Dispersion curve = Photonic band structure
Dispersion RelationPlot the dispersion curves for both the positive and the negative sides, and then shift the curve segments with |k|>π/a upward or downwardand then shift the curve segments with |k|>π/a upward or downward one reciprocal lattice vectors.
This reduced range of wave vectors is called the “Brillouin zone”This reduced range of wave vectors is called the Brillouin zone
![Page 31: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2-D Photonic Crystals
1. In 2-D PBG, different layer spacing, a, can be met along different direction. Strong interaction occurs when λ/2 = a.direction. Strong interaction occurs when λ/2 a.
2. PBG (Photonic band gap) = stop bands overlap in all directions( g p) p p
![Page 32: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
B d Di
2D Photonic band structure
Band Diagram
Air band
Stop band
Dielectric band
![Page 33: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
2D Photonic band structure
![Page 34: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2D Photonic band structure
![Page 35: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2D Photonic band structure
![Page 36: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
2D Photonic band structure
![Page 37: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Four Possible Functionalities of PBG1. Stop band
1. Use of Stop Band
1. Stop Band: Use PBG as high reflectivity Stop bandUse PBG as high reflectivity omni-directional mirror (PBG waveguides)( g )
![Page 38: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
2 Use of Dielectric Band
2. Dielectric band
2. Use of Dielectric Band
2. Dielectric Band: Uses the strong dispersion available i h t i t lin a photonic crystal(dispersion engineeringwith form birefringence)
Dielectric bandwith form birefringence)
![Page 39: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
2. Dielectric band
![Page 40: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Remind the dispersion relation in bulk media2. Dielectric band
1. In a homogeneous material in absence of material dispersion n(ω)=constant =n, the di i di i i l t i ht lidispersion diagram is simply a straight line: ω=kc/n.
2. In 2D systems, one can think of this line as a cone. For a given frequency ω, this cone becomes a constant frequency circle.
![Page 41: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
2. Dielectric band
ky
kx
![Page 42: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Wave propagation in k-space2. Dielectric band
Real spacep
The wave vector diagram tells us the direction and magnitude of the refracted and reflected beams. Their direction is normal to the iso-frequency curve and corresponds to Snell’s law.
![Page 43: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
2. Dielectric band
![Page 44: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
2. Dielectric band
![Page 45: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
2. Dielectric band
![Page 46: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
2. Dielectric band
![Page 47: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
3. Air band
3. Use of Air Band
3. Air Band : Couples to radiative modes for light extraction from high-efficiency LEDs Air bandfrom high-efficiency LEDsand fiber coupling.
![Page 48: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
3. Air band
![Page 49: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
4 Use of Defect Band
4. Defect band
4. Use of Defect Band
4. Defect Band : Couples to waveguide/cavity modes for Defect bandspectral control such as PBG point defect laser or PBG line defect filter, etc.
![Page 50: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Line Defect PBG Waveguide 4. Defect band
Defect modes in stop band
Dispersion diagram of W1 line-defect photonic crystal waveguide:Waveguide modes exist within the bandgapWaveguide modes exist within the bandgap.
Photons are prohibited in the 2D PBG,which lead to lossless confinement ofwhich lead to lossless confinement of photons in the line defect area.
![Page 52: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Defects in PBG4. Defect band
![Page 53: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
4. Defect band
![Page 54: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
4. Defect band
![Page 55: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
4. Defect band
![Page 56: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
4. Defect band
![Page 57: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
3D Photonic band structure
3D Photonic materialsS.Noda, Nature (1999) K. Robbie, Nature (1996)
E. Yablonovitch, PRL(1989)
![Page 58: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Artificial Phonic Structure
3D Photonic band structure
Artificial Phonic StructureE.Yablonovitch et al., PRL (1987, 1991)
Fabrication of artificial fcc material and band gap structure for suchand band gap structure for such
material.
![Page 59: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Bragg diffraction through all electromagnetic regionBragg diffraction through all electromagnetic region
![Page 60: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Natural Opals
![Page 61: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Artificial Opal3D Photonic band structure
Artificial Opal
Artificial opal sample (SEM Image)Several cleaved planes of fcc structure are shown
![Page 62: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Fabrication of artificial opals3D Photonic band structure
Fabrication of artificial opals
There are 3 in-layer position
Silica spheres settle in close packed hexagonal
A – red; B – blue; C –green;Layers could pack inf l tti ABCABC ACBACBp g
layers fcc lattice: ABCABC or ACBACBhcp lattice: ABABAB
![Page 63: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Inverted Opals3D Photonic band structure
Inverted Opals
Inversed opals obtain greater dielectric contrast than opals.
![Page 64: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Band structure of diamond lattice3D Photonic band structure
Ph i b d f di d l i ( f i i d 3 45)Photonic band structure of diamond lattice (refractive index ~3.45)John et. al. PRE (1998)
![Page 65: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
PCF
Photonic Crystal FibersPhotonic Crystal Fibers
![Page 66: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
PCF
![Page 67: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
PCF
The fiber supports a single mode over the range of at least 458-1550nm!
![Page 68: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
PCF
![Page 69: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
PCF
![Page 70: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
PCF
![Page 71: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
PCF
![Page 72: 7-2E. Photonic crystals - Hanyangoptics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/P7-Photonic-crystal optics.pdf · 2016-08-31 · 7-2E. Photonic crystals Purdue Univ, Prof. Shalaev, ... Light in 1-D](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040600/5e8dbd990309db3cc82ad3ec/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
PCF